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<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"/><meta name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta name="description" content="Digital Libraries Federation"/><link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/FBC_en.xml" title="FBC"/><title>Digital Libraries Federation</title><meta property="og:title" content="Digital Libraries Federation"/><meta property="og:type" content="Object"/><meta property="og:description" content="Digital Libraries Federation"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/static/portal-image.png"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="11"/><link rel="manifest" href="/static/manifest.json" crossorigin="use-credentials"/><link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/static/apple-touch-icon.png"/><link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" 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class="Header_header__title__gRQt8">Federacja Bibliotek Cyfrowych</h1></a></div></div><div class="Header_header__right__j5BwU"><div class="Header_header-top__Dg4_x"><div class="Header_header-top__accessibility__DGgSX"><div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained Button_button__H7EgS Button_button--header-top__bpIGH " tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Enlarge font</span></button></div><div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained Button_button__H7EgS Button_button--header-top__bpIGH " tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Turn on contrast</span></button></div></div><div class="ChangeLanguage_lang-container__y9vh5"><span class="ChangeLanguage_lang-container__item__uniSN"><div class=" "><a href="/"><span>polski</span></a></div></span><span class="ChangeLanguage_lang-container__item__uniSN"></span></div><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained Button_button__H7EgS Button_button--header-top-btn__zkkzr undefined false" tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Log in</span></button></div><div class="Header_header__navigation__ebYHX"><div class="Loader_loader__tLBfT"><div class="Loader_loader__circle__v7_LB "><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><main class="Homepage_homepage__s7tPq"><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search__z8_p4"><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--header__ox8pS"><div class="Container_container__RCR3Z"><div class="undefined HomepageSearch_homepage__search--header-container__XHxlC"><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--eu__qqChB"><div><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27178%27%20height=%2740%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="FlagEU.description" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="FlagEU.description" aria-hidden="true" srcSet="/_next/static/media/EULogo.529ec257.svg 1x, /_next/static/media/EULogo.529ec257.svg 2x" src="/_next/static/media/EULogo.529ec257.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div></div><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--header-text__gLySr"><strong> FBC </strong> offers the possibility to search <strong>8 million </strong> objects in Polish cultural and scientific institutions in one place.</div></div></div></div><div class="SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__search__zls28 "><div><div class="SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__tabs--top__VYITU "><div class="MuiTabs-root SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__tabs__KAQlc"><div style="width:99px;height:99px;position:absolute;top:-9999px;overflow:scroll" class="MuiTabs-scrollable"></div><div class="MuiTabs-scroller MuiTabs-scrollable" style="overflow:hidden"><div aria-label="Vertical tabs example" class="MuiTabs-flexContainer" role="tablist"><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiTab-root MuiTab-textColorInherit SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__tabs--btn__6_ubB Mui-selected" tabindex="0" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="true" id="vertical-tab-0" aria-controls="vertical-tabpanel-0"><span class="MuiTab-wrapper">Text search</span><span class="jss1 jss3 MuiTabs-indicator"></span></button><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiTab-root MuiTab-textColorInherit SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__tabs--btn__6_ubB" tabindex="0" type="button" role="tab" aria-selected="false" id="vertical-tab-1" aria-controls="vertical-tabpanel-1"><span class="MuiTab-wrapper">Music Search </span></button></div></div></div><div class=" undefined SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__tip__IWvz_ "><button class="MuiButtonBase-root MuiButton-root MuiButton-contained Button_button__H7EgS Button_button--modal-search___3Gm8 " tabindex="0" type="button"><span class="MuiButton-label">Efficient Search - Useful Tips</span></button></div></div><div><div><div role="tabpanel" id="vertical-tabpanel-0" aria-labelledby="vertical-tab-0"><div class="SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__search--engine__PG_p0" style="background-image:url('')"><div class="SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__search--engine-inner__0CeQ_"><div class="Container_container__RCR3Z"><div class="undefined undefined"><div class="SearchSwitcher_search-switcher__search--engine-container-text__iNh0m"><div class="Loader_loader__tLBfT"><div class="Loader_loader__circle__v7_LB "><div></div><div></div><div></div><div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div role="tabpanel" hidden="" id="vertical-tabpanel-1" aria-labelledby="vertical-tab-1"></div></div></div></div></div><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--scroll-container__LuKkQ"><div class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--scroll___lX9L"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%2742%27%20height=%2775%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--scroll___lX9L" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" srcSet="/_next/static/media/scroll.6fa4c746.svg 1x, /_next/static/media/scroll.6fa4c746.svg 2x" src="/_next/static/media/scroll.6fa4c746.svg" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" class="HomepageSearch_homepage__search--scroll___lX9L" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div></div></div><div class="HomepageCollections_homepage-collections__collections__dzNAB"><div class="Container_container__RCR3Z"><div class="undefined undefined"><div class="HomepageCollections_homepage-collections__section--container___Azh8"><span class="HomepageCollections_homepage-collections__section--heading__x4d16"><strong>Browse</strong> collections by object type </span><div class="Carousel_carousel__FNuk8"><div class="react-multi-carousel-list Carousel_carousel__container__QFyce " dir="ltr"><ul class="react-multi-carousel-track " style="transition:none;overflow:unset;transform:translate3d(0px,0,0)"></ul></div></div></div><div class="LinkComponent_link--accent-button__rNkCp HomepageCollections_homepage-collections__link--all-objects__GTgXm"><a href="/en/results?action=SimpleSearchAction&type=-6&p=0">Browse all objects on FBC</a></div></div></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__WE32y"><div class="Container_container__RCR3Z"><div class="undefined undefined"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--container__jAsDa"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--heading__UxH5y">Search <strong>text and sheet music</strong></span><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content__g_bKt"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search__csono"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search--content__JAsAM"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-title__oVafj">How to use FBC?</span><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-text___JWFf">The main function of the FBC website is to search for resources from over 130 Polish cultural and scientific institutions, which contain structured and detailed descriptions of the digitized collections. You can search both in text and in music.</span><div class=" HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-link__1PyCh"><a href="/en/text?id=about-fbc#how-to-use-fbc">Read more<span class="hide">Read more about: How to use FBC?</span></a></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search--image-container__Ysz2q"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search--image__epT0i"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0"><img alt="The featured image for the error page" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search--image__epT0i" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover"/><noscript><img alt="The featured image for the error page" aria-hidden="true" sizes="100vw" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=640&q=75 640w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=750&q=75 750w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=828&q=75 828w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=1080&q=75 1080w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=1200&q=75 1200w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=1920&q=75 1920w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=2048&q=75 2048w, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=3840&q=75 3840w" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fsearch.f0a5aeb3.png&w=3840&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="fill" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%;object-fit:cover" class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__search--image__epT0i" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div></div></div></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--container__jAsDa"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--heading__UxH5y">About <strong>FBC</strong></span><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content__g_bKt"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__boxes__hYTi0"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box__0S9vY"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box-img__Tqpl4"><div><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27317%27%20height=%27297%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fabout.e3c974ac.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fabout.e3c974ac.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fabout.e3c974ac.png&w=640&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box-content__NJstL"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-title__oVafj">What is FBC?</span><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-text___JWFf">The Digital Libraries Federation is a search engine associating digital libraries, museums, archives and repositories. We cooperate with cultural and scientific institutions that create a network of distributed digital libraries ...</div><div class=" HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-link__1PyCh"><a href="/en/text?id=about-fbc#what-is-fbc">Read more<span class="hide">Read more about: What is FBC?</span></a></div></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box__0S9vY"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box-img__Tqpl4"><div><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:block;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;max-width:100%"><img style="display:block;max-width:100%;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0" alt="" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/svg+xml,%3csvg%20xmlns=%27http://www.w3.org/2000/svg%27%20version=%271.1%27%20width=%27320%27%20height=%27282%27/%3e"/></span><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%"/><noscript><img alt="Search background image" aria-hidden="true" srcSet="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fjoin.97afc525.png&w=384&q=75 1x, /_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fjoin.97afc525.png&w=640&q=75 2x" src="/_next/image?url=%2F_next%2Fstatic%2Fmedia%2Fjoin.97afc525.png&w=640&q=75" decoding="async" data-nimg="intrinsic" style="position:absolute;top:0;left:0;bottom:0;right:0;box-sizing:border-box;padding:0;border:none;margin:auto;display:block;width:0;height:0;min-width:100%;max-width:100%;min-height:100%;max-height:100%" loading="lazy"/></noscript></span></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box-content__NJstL"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-title__oVafj">How to join FBC?</span><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-text___JWFf">From the formal and organizational point of view, the cooperation of digital libraries and repositories with the FBC website is very simple. It does not require any fees, transfer of digital publications or additional work on the part of ...</div><div class=" HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content-link__1PyCh"><a href="/en/text?id=partnership#how-to-join-fbc">Read more<span class="hide">Read more about: How to join FBC?</span></a></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--container__jAsDa"><span class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--heading__UxH5y"><strong>Cooperation</strong></span><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--content__g_bKt"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__boxes__hYTi0"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box__0S9vY"><div class="HomepageInfo_homepage-info__section--box-img__Tqpl4"><div><span style="box-sizing:border-box;display:inline-block;overflow:hidden;width:initial;height:initial;background:none;opacity:1;border:0;margin:0;padding:0;position:relative;max-width:100%"><span 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The Name of the Foundation under the Program, the Library Project and its creation under the patronage of the Name of the Institution."},"bottom":{"text":"This service runs on \u003c1\u003e{{name}}\u003c/1\u003e software created by \u003c3\u003e\u003c0\u003ePoznan Supercomputing and Networking Center\u003c/0\u003e\u003c1\u003ePSNC\u003c/1\u003e\u003c/3\u003e\u003c/4\u003e","service":"Ten serwis działa dzięki oprogramowaniu ","links":{"dingo":"https://dingo.psnc.pl/","pcss":"https://www.psnc.pl/"}}},"correctFormulationOfQueries":{"title":"Correct formulation of queries","section":{"1":{"title":"Simple terms and phrases","content":"In the search, you can use \u003cstrong\u003e simple terms \u003c/strong\u003e, that is, single words and \u003cstrong\u003e phrases \u003c/strong\u003e, that is phrases composed of several words enclosed in quotation marks, eg 'Nicolaus Copernicus University'. If you use quotation marks, only documents containing the entire phrase will be searched. \u003cbr /\u003e You can use Boolean operators to concatenate search terms. You can also use the so-called Masking characters that replace any letters and numbers and their strings, find similar terms that are some distance apart, or prioritize search terms."},"2":{"title":"Logical operators","content":"\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e AND \u003c/strong\u003e also saved as \u003cstrong\u003e \u0026\u0026 \u003c/strong\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e - means that terms connected by the \u003cstrong\u003e operator must appear simultaneously in the searched document \u003c/strong\u003e. For example, a query in the form Copernicus \u0026\u0026 Chopin will select only those documents in which both surnames occur simultaneously. The use of the AND operator is the default behavior of the search engine when more than one word is entered, so the same result is obtained by entering Copernicus Chopin. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus NOT Chopin \u003c/figure\u003e or \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus \u0026\u0026 Chopin \u003c / figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e OR \u003c/strong\u003e - also saved as || \u003cbr /\u003e - requires that \u003cstrong\u003e at least one of the terms appear in the document being searched \u003c/strong\u003e e.g. a query Copernicus || Copernicus will select documents in which the astronomer's name appears in at least one of the given forms. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus OR Chopin \u003c/figure\u003e or \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus || Chopin \u003c/figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e NOT \u003c/strong\u003e - also saved as! - \u003cstrong\u003e exclude documents with negated term from the list of results \u003c/strong\u003e. For example, the query 'Nicolaus Copernicus' NOT university will find documents containing the phrase 'Nicolaus Copernicus', but not containing the word university. This operator cannot be used alone, eg a query in the form of NOT 'Nicolaus Copernicus' will not return correct results. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus NOT Chopin \u003c/figure\u003e or \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Copernicus! Chopin \u003c/ figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e + \u003c/strong\u003e (required term operator) \u003cbr /\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003e finds documents containing the term immediately following the '+' \u003c/strong\u003e, but not necessarily other terms, e.g. + university library will select documents that must contain the word library and may or may not contain the word: university. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e + university library \u003c/figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e - (operator forbidden term) \u003cbr /\u003e - works similarly to the NOT operator. The query 'Nicolaus Copernicus' - 'Nicolaus Copernicus University' will search for documents with the name 'Nicolaus Copernicus' but not with the name 'Nicolaus Copernicus University'. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e 'Nicolaus Copernicus' - 'Nicolaus Copernicus University' \u003c/ figure \u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e"},"3":{"title":"Masking signs","content":"\u003cul\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e? \u003c/strong\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e - \u003cstrong\u003e matches any one character \u003c/strong\u003e. For example, the query \u003cstrong\u003e Kowalsk? \u003c/strong\u003e matches both Kowalski and Kowalska \u003cfigure\u003e Kowalsk? \u003c/figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003cli\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e * \u003c/strong\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e - \u003c strong\u003e replaces the string \u003c/strong\u003e e.g. writing: \u003cstrong\u003e bu * a \u003c/strong\u003e will search for words such as bu \u003cstrong\u003e d \u003c/strong\u003e a, bu \u003cstrong\u003e dd \u003c/strong\u003e a, bu \u003cstrong\u003e ddyst \u003c/strong\u003e a, bu \u003cstrong\u003e tonierk \u003c/strong\u003e a etc. The masking character must not be placed at the beginning of the search phrase. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e Kowalsk * \u003c/figure\u003e \u003c/li\u003e \u003c/ul\u003e"},"4":{"title":"Fuzzy search","content":"Fuzzy search is used in the case of simple terms similar to each other, eg Copernicus, Copernikus, Kopernikus. Documents containing these terms can be found by adding a tilde character to the term: \u003cstrong\u003e copernicus ~ \u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cbr /\u003e The degree of similarity sought can be determined by a coefficient that varies from 0 (no similarity) to 1 (identical terms ). By default, the similarity coefficient is set to 0.5. To change it, add a tilde to the search term along with a clearly specified factor, e.g. \u003cstrong\u003e fennel ~ 0.4 \u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e fennel ~ 0.4 \u003c/figure\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e = Copernicus / Copernikus / Kopernikus"},"5":{"title":"Search by neighborhood","content":"It is also possible to \u003cstrong\u003e specify the distance of one of the search terms from another \u003c/strong\u003e (so-called proximity search). For example, if we remember that the document Choral-buch and Westpreussen appeared close to each other, we can use the following query: \u003cstrong\u003e'Choral-buch Westpreussen' ~ 6 \u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e'Księga Toruń'~ 2 \u003c/figure\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e = Book of \u003cstrong\u003e address of the city \u003c/strong\u003e Toruń / or / Book of \u003cstrong\u003e city debts \u003c/strong\u003e of Toruń from the Thirteen Years' War."},"6":{"title":"Determining the validity of the term","content":"You can specify \u003cstrong\u003e the priority of the search term \u003c/strong\u003e by appending a ^ followed by a number (greater than 1). For example, the query stempowski ^ 4 grydzewski will return documents in which both surnames appear, but at the beginning of the list there will be those in which the surname with a higher priority appears more often. The default search priority is 1.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003estempowski^4 grydzewski\u003c/figure\u003e"},"7":{"title":"Joining queries","content":"You can group expressions in complex queries using parentheses. Such a procedure allows you to give complex queries an intended, unambiguous meaning, just like in arithmetic operations. \u003cbr /\u003e First, the partial expressions inside the parentheses are processed, and then the larger whole. Query about the shape: 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' AND (Copernicus OR Copernicus) will search for documents with the title of Copernicus's work and his name in at least one of two forms. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cfigure\u003e 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' AND (Copernicus OR Kopernik) \u003c/figure\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e = 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' Mikołaj Kopernik / or / 'De revolutionibus orbium coelestium' Nicholas Copernicus"},"8":{"title":"Special signs","content":"For obvious reasons, characters used to build complex queries (+ - \u0026\u0026 || ! ( ) { } [ ] ^ „ ~ * ? : \\) are treated differently from the rest of the search: they act as elements of the query syntax, not as particles of the search phrase. To include them in the search process, place the so-called escape sign \\. For example, to search for a phrase „(2 + 2)*2” must be entered „\\( 2 \\+ 2 \\) \\* 2”"},"9":{"title":"Description source","content":"Full description of how to formulate queries (English page): Jakarta Lucene Query Parser Syntax. The text was originally posted on the website of the Kujawsko-Pomorska Digital Library. Creative Commons License This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 2.5 Poland license."},"count":9}},"form":{"buttons":{"search":"Search","clear":"Clear","moreSearchOptions":"More search options","changeSearchCriteria":"Change search criteria"},"messages":{"required":"This field is required","oneOfDate":"At least one of the date fields is required","searchFieldRequired":"The search field cannot be left blank"},"captcha":"Enter the code from the picture*"},"news":{"heading":"Informations","single":"Information","other":"Other news","all":"All news"},"share":{"button":"Share the page"},"collection":{"aside":{"header":"Collections","choose":"Select collection"},"selected":"Selected collection:","desc":"Collection description","objects":"Objects in collection","objectsCount":{"object_0":"objects","object_1":"object","object_2":"objects"},"search":{"link":"View the collection in search results","placeholder":"Wyszukaj obiekt w wybranej kolekcji"},"noResults":"No results in collection"},"commons":{"expand":"expand","collapse":"collapse","close":"Close","delete":"Delete","clear":"Clear","apply":"Apply","cancel":"Cancel","objectsCount":{"object_0":"objects","object_1":"object","object_2":"objects"}},"sortActions":{"viewType":{"label":"Change view:","listView":"List view","tileView":"Tiles view"},"sort":{"label":"Sorting:","byAccuracy":"by accuracy","alphabeticallyByTitle":"by titles A - Z","reversedAlphabeticallyByTitle":"by titles Z - A","alphabeticallyByCreator":"by creators A - Z","reversedAlphabeticallyByCreator":"by creators Z - A","byOldest":"by the oldest","byNewest":"by the newest"},"ipp":"Publications:"},"indexes":{"title":"Indexes","selected":"Selected index:","selectLetter":"Select first letter","search":"Search","results":"Results:"},"advancedSearch":{"addAnother":"Add another value","era":{"A.D.":"A.D.","B.C.":"B.C."},"date":{"placeholder":"YYYY.MM.DD","from":"from","to":"to"}},"header":{"login":{"title":"Welcome to the dLibra7","content":"Log in and see items added to the shelf or saved inquiries. Activate subscription and stay up to date!","button":"Log in","notHaveAnAccount":"You do not have an account?","register":"Register"},"myAccount":{"button":"My account","logout":"Logout","pages":{"shelf":"My shelf","search":"Favorite queries","subscriptions":"Subscriptions","account":"Profile settings"}}},"dictionary":{"title":"Dictionary"},"flagEU":{"description":"European Union flag"}},"custom":{"portal":{"name":"Digital Libraries Federation","abbreviation":"FBC","description":"Digital Libraries Federation","type":"Object"},"search":{"homepage":{"info":"\u003cspan\u003eBackground image: \u003ca href='#'\u003eBielawa Palace\u003c/a\u003e | \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAuthor: \u003ca href='#'\u003ePazelt, Ferdinand\u003c/a\u003e ; \u003ca href='#'\u003eAlbert, Theodor (1822-1867)\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eMore information: \u003ca href='#'\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/span\u003e"},"form":{"placeholder":{"SimpleSearchAction":"Search the collections of Polish libraries, archives, museums..."}}},"header":{"login":{"title":"Welcome to the FBC!"}},"contact":{"contactInfo":{"addressLabel":"Address","address":"Poznańskie Centrum Superkomputerowo-Sieciowe\u003cbr/\u003eul. Jana Pawła II 10\u003cbr/\u003e61-139 Poznań","phoneLabel":"Phone","phone":"","relatedPagesLabel":"Related pages","relatedPages":"https://www.pcss.pl/ (external link)","socialMediaLabel":"Social Media","site":"https://fbc.pionier.net.pl/","facebook":"https://www.facebook.com/FederacjaBibliotekCyfrowych","twitter":"","instagram":""}},"homepage":{"headerInfo":"\u003cstrong\u003e FBC \u003c/strong\u003e offers the possibility to search \u003cstrong\u003e{{number}} million \u003c/strong\u003e objects in Polish cultural and scientific institutions in one place.","search":{"text":"Text search","notes":"Music Search ","musicSearch":{"soundsNumber":"Play between \u003cstrong\u003e 4 \u003c/strong\u003e and \u003cstrong\u003e 15 \u003c/strong\u003e notes by pressing the visible keys or using the keyboard.","showKeyboardMusicNotattion":"Show the keyboard notation","repeatMusic":"Repeat","playMusicSubsearch":"\u003cspan\u003e Click \u003c/span\u003e and play melody...","alert":"Play between 4 and 15 sounds in order to search for the composition","buttons":{"clear":"Clear all","search":"Search","edit":"Edit","close":"Close","delete":"Delete last note"},"musicSearchInfo":"Enter between 4 and 15 notes to search for musical objects that match the played melody. You will receive a list of objects that correspond to the searched musical context. The search process is based on the chromatic contour, allowing for the identification of all possible transpositions of the given melody. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e The identified musical context is presented in a simplified form, excluding meter, time signatures, and accidental chromatic notes. The highlighted segment is clearly marked, making it easy to identify the sought-after musical motif. Additionally, the result is supplemented with preceding and following segments of the melody, which enhances the accuracy of the search. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e For more information, access the details of the selected object, where you will find its metadata and additional matches to the searched melody."}},"collections":{"collectionLink":"Go to the collection: "},"info":{"section":{"search":{"heading":"Search \u003cstrong\u003etext and sheet music\u003c/strong\u003e","title":"How to use FBC?","text":"The main function of the FBC website is to search for resources from over 130 Polish cultural and scientific institutions, which contain structured and detailed descriptions of the digitized collections. You can search both in text and in music.","link":"about-fbc#how-to-use-fbc"},"about":{"heading":"About \u003cstrong\u003eFBC\u003c/strong\u003e","whatIsFBC":{"title":"What is FBC?","text":"The Digital Libraries Federation is a search engine associating digital libraries, museums, archives and repositories. We cooperate with cultural and scientific institutions that create a network of distributed digital libraries ...","link":"about-fbc#what-is-fbc"},"howToJoin":{"title":"How to join FBC?","text":"From the formal and organizational point of view, the cooperation of digital libraries and repositories with the FBC website is very simple. It does not require any fees, transfer of digital publications or additional work on the part of ...","link":"partnership#how-to-join-fbc"}},"cooperation":{"heading":"\u003cstrong\u003eCooperation\u003c/strong\u003e","benefits":{"title":"Benefits","text":"The basic benefits of cooperation with the Federation of Digital Libraries include the promotion of digital collections and the transfer of data to external websites.","link":"partnership#benefits"},"europeana":{"title":"Europeana","text":"Europeana is a search engine for cultural and scientific institutions in Europe. The portal's mission is to promote the resources of Europe's cultural and scientific heritage. The search engine operates on the principles of a centralized network ...","link":"partnership#europeana"}},"link":"Read more","expandedLinkInfo":"Read more about: "}},"objects":{"button":"Browse all objects on FBC"},"headings":{"collections":"\u003cstrong\u003eBrowse\u003c/strong\u003e collections by object type "}},"howToFormulateInquiries":{"button":"Efficient Search - Useful Tips"},"footer":{"sitemap":{"title":"FBC \u003cstrong\u003eshortcuts\u003c/strong\u003e"},"partners":{"info":"Project co-financed by European Funds under the Operational Program Digital Poland for 2014-2020 (project no. POPC.02.04.00-00-0012 / 20-00) \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003e More information about the project can be found at: \u003c4\u003ehttps://tene.fbc.pionier.net.pl\u003c/4\u003e","title":"\u003cstrong\u003eFBC TeNe\u003c/strong\u003e Project","wcag":{"alts":{"altPartner1":"European Funds. 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Your favorite objects are in the tab My account\u003e Favorite objects. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e Click on the icon to remove the object from your favorites."}}},"filters":{"info":{"recordAvailability":"\u003cstrong\u003e Open Access \u003c/strong\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e Open Access is free and universal access to digital documents, scientific and educational content. Open access documents should be \u003cstrong\u003e available to all online users \u003c/strong\u003e and licensed for any \u003cstrong\u003e free use \u003c/strong\u003e. \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e \u003cstrong\u003e Restricted access \u003c/strong\u003e \u003cbr /\u003e Access to the object may be limited. To view the content of the object, you may need to log in to the providing institution's service or access it from the internal network of this institution. Restrictions are most often caused by copyright protection. Check the access conditions on the website of the institution providing the object.","canIUseIt":"Rights and licences related to the use of works."}},"login":{"accessibilityStatement":"Accessibility declaration","privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","loginForm":{"requiredInfo":"* Required field","lostPassword":"Forgot password?"},"titleText":"Log in to your FBC account to access items saved on your shelf."},"newAccount":{"newAccountForm":{"form":{"regulations":"I accept the Website Regulations and the Privacy Policy."}}},"helpPage":{"popup":"Useful tips","formButton":"Report form"},"publication":{"restrictedAccessObjectInfo":"Access to this oject is restricted"},"accountDeleted":{"text":"Your account has been deleted, you can come back to us at any time.","button":"Go to the home page"}}},"pl":{"default":{"portal":{"name":"Demonstracyjna Biblioteka Cyfrowa","abbreviation":"DEMO","description":"System dLibra pozwala udostępniać dokumenty pochodzące z bibliotek (akademickich i publicznych), instytucji pozarządowych, fundacji, jednostek publicznych, firm komercyjnych czy zbiorów prywatnych. Szerokie zastosowanie tego projektu potwierdza wieloletnia obecność na arenie krajowej, a także międzynarodowej - zarówno w formie szeregu wdrożeń, jak i publikacji naukowych oraz prasowych.","type":"Object"},"menu":{"mobile":{"open":"Otwórz menu","close":"Zamknij menu","back":"Powrót"},"label":"Menu","indexes":"Indeksy","about":"Biblioteka","lastViewed":"Ostatnio oglądane","lastViewedObjects":"Obiekty","lastViewedCollections":"Kolekcje","collections":"Kolekcje"},"homepage":{"headings":{"collections":"Kolekcje","partners":"Kolekcje według uczestników ŚBC","lastViewed":"Ostatnio przeglądane","latest":"Zobacz obiekty ostatnio dodane"}},"search":{"homepage":{"title":"Wyszukaj w bibliotece","info":"\u003cb\u003eMateriały pochodzą z Cyfrowego Muzeum Narodowego w Warszawie\u003c/b\u003e:- Tytuł obiektu: Zawieszenie dzwonu Zygmunta w Krakowie / Autor/Twórca: Jan Matejko"},"form":{"searchEverywhere":"Wyszukaj wszędzie","searchInContent":"Wyszukaj w treści","searchInDescription":"Wyszukaj w opisie","attributes":{"Title":"Tytuł","Creator":"Twórca","Subject":"Temat i słowa kluczowe","Type":"Typ zasobu"},"placeholder":{"SimpleSearchAction":"Przeszukaj zbiory biblioteki","Creator":"Wpisz fragment imienia lub nazwiska autora i wybierz go z listy podpowiedzi","Title":"Wpisz fragment tytułu i wybierz go z listy podpowiedzi","Type":"Wpisz wyszukiwaną frazę","Subject":"Wpisz słowo kluczowe lub fragment tematu i wybierz go z listy podpowiedzi"},"openAccess":"tylko obiekty z \u003c1\u003eotwartym dostępem\u003c/1\u003e","suggestions":{"lastSearchedQuery":"Ostatnio szukana fraza","recommendedSearchQueries":"Polecane frazy wyszukiwania"},"conjuction":{"AND":"i","OR":"lub"}},"backgroundImage":"Obraz w tle wyszukiwarki","howToFormulateInquiries":{"button":"Instrukcja wyszukiwania","modal":{"back":"Wstecz","further":"Dalej","finish":"Zakończ","title":"Jak formułować zapytania","titleInfo":"Przedstawiamy kilka prostych zasad, które ułatwiają wyszukiwanie.","info":"Jeśli chcesz poznać więcej zasad, kliknij poniższy link.","infoLink":"Poprawne formułowanie zapytań"},"steps":{"0":{"title":"Operator domyślny „i”","content":"Wyszukiwarka domyślnie łączy słowa operatorem „i” - zapisuje się go jako „\u0026\u0026” lub angielskie „AND”. Na wyniki wyszukiwania, przykładowo dla frazy „Kopernik Chopin”, składać się będą zatem obiekty, które zawierają zarówno nazwisko „Kopernik”, jak i „Chopin”.","content2":""},"1":{"title":"Operator alternatywny „lub”","content":"Rozdziel wpisywaną frazę za pomocą znaku „||” lub anglojęzycznego spójnika „OR” (odpowiedniki operatora logicznego „lub”), a wyszukane obiekty będą posiadały jedno lub drugie słowo.","content2":""},"2":{"title":"Operator alternatywny „wyklucz”","content":"Wpisywaną frazę rozdziel, korzystając z odpowiedników operatora alternatywnego „wyklucz” - znaku „!” lub anglojęzycznego przeczenia „NOT”. Uzyskane obiekty będą zawierały wówczas wybrane słowa, wykluczając jednak drugą część podanego wyrażenia.","content2":""},"3":{"title":"Znak maskujący „?”","content":"Zastąp końcówkę wyrazu znakiem „?”, aby wyszukać obiekty, które posiadają różne zakończenia danego słowa.","content2":"Na podstawie zaprezentowanego przykładu w wynikach wyszukiwania pojawią się zarówno obiekty dla „Kowalski”, jak i „Kowalska”."},"4":{"title":"Znak maskujący „*”","content":"Zastąp część wyrazu znakiem „*”, aby w wynikach wyszukiwania znalazły się obiekty, które posiadają początkowe i końcowe litery wpisywanego słowa.","content2":"W kontekście zaprezentowanego przykładu w wynikach wyszukiwania pojawią się zarówno obiekty dla „buta”, jak i „budda”, „buddysta”, „bura”, „buda”, etc. Znaku „*” nie wolno umieszczać na początku wyrazu."},"5":{"title":"Wyszukiwanie rozmyte „~”","content":"Do zapytania można dodać także znak tyldy - „~”, aby w wynikach wyszukiwania znalazły się podobne do siebie obiekty (np. „Copernicus”, „Copernikus”, „Kopernikus”).","content2":"Stopień poszukiwanego podobieństwa określa się dodatkowo współczynnikiem od 0 (brak podobieństwa) do 1 (terminy identyczne). Po znaku tyldy można samodzielnie podać wartość współczynnika (domyślnie wynosi ona 0.5)."},"6":{"title":"Znaki specjalne","content":"Jak bezpiecznie używać znaków specjalnych w polu wyszukiwarki? Znaki specjalne, które służą do budowania zapytań złożonych (+ - \u0026\u0026 || ! ( ) { } [ ] ^ „ ~ * ? : \\) odgrywają rolę elementów składni zapytania. W celu włączenia tych znaków w proces wyszukiwania, trzeba umieścić przed nimi znak ucieczki „\\”. Aby wyszukać frazę „(2 + 2)*2” należy wpisać „\\( 2 \\+ 2 \\) \\* 2”","content2":""}}}},"tile":{"restrictedAccess":"Dostęp ograniczony","restrictedAccessDesc":"Obiekt z dostępem ograniczonym.","structure":"Struktura","structureDesc":"Struktura obiektu ","desc":"Opis","noTitle":"Brak tytułu","metadata":{"Creator":"Twórca","Date":"Data","Type":"Rodzaj zawartości","Contributor":"Współpracownik","Format":"Format","Description":"Opis","GroupTitle":"Tytuł grupy","Publisher":"Wydawca","Subject":"Temat","Coverage":"Pokrycie","Source":"Źródło","Language":"Język","Relation":"Relacja","Provenance":"Pochodzenie","collections":"Kolekcja","root_id":"Obiekty grupowe","availability":"Dostępność obiektu","canIUseIt":"Czy mogę z tego skorzystać?","recordAvailability":"Dostępność obiektu"},"menu":{"objectMenu":"Menu obiektu","download":{"main":"Pobierz","ebook":"Pobierz eBook","pdf":"Pobierz PDF","bibtex":"Pobierz BibTex","ris":"Pobierz RiS","object":"Pobierz obiekt"},"copy":"Kopiuj link do obiektu","copied":"Skopiowano link do obiektu","fav":{"alert":"Aby dodać obiekt do półki, należy się zalogować","add":"Dodaj do mojej półki","remove":"Usuń z mojej półki"}},"showFormats":{"text":"Formaty","pdf":"PDF","ebook":"eBook","noFormat":"Format niezdefiniowany"},"matchesInText":"dopasowań w treści: ","matchCount":{"match_0":" dopasowanie w treści","match_1":" dopasowania w treści","match_2":" dopasowań w treści"}},"fbcFeed":{"title":"Podobne w FBC","more":"Przejdź do FBC \u003e","showFbcObject":"Zobacz obiekt w FBC"},"errors":{"general":"Wystąpił nieoczekiwany błąd..."},"pagination":{"next":"Następna","previous":"Poprzednia","of":" z ","input":"Pole wpisywania numeru strony"},"accessibility":{"fontSize":{"zoomIn":"Powiększ czcionkę","zoomOut":"Zmniejsz czcionkę"},"contrast":{"turnOn":"Włącz kontrast","turnOff":"Wyłącz kontrast"}},"modal":{"close":"Zamknij"},"breadcrumbs":{"homepage":{"id":1,"label":"Strona główna"},"publication":{"id":2},"contact":{"id":3,"label":"Biblioteka - Kontakt","goTo":"/contact"},"formulateInquires":{"id":4,"label":"Biblioteka - Poprawne formułowanie zapytań","goTo":"/correct-formulation-of-queries"},"news":{"id":5,"label":"Biblioteka - Informacje","goTo":"/dlibra/news"},"help":{"id":6,"label":"Biblioteka - "},"collectionPath":{"id":7},"collection":{"id":8,"label":"Kolekcje"},"indexes":{"id":9,"label":"Indeksy"},"dictionary":{"id":10,"label":"Biblioteka - Słownik"},"account":{"id":11,"label":"Moje konto - "},"stats":{"id":12,"label":" - statystyki"}},"dictionaryPage":{"siteName":"Słownik"},"cookies":{"text":"Używamy plików cookies, by nieustannie zwiększać komfort przeglądania naszej strony internetowej. 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W przypadku użycia cudzysłowu wyszukiwane będą tylko te dokumenty, które zawierają całą frazę.\u003cbr /\u003e Terminy wyszukiwawcze można łączyć za pomocą operatorów logicznych. Można też używać tzw. znaków maskujących, które zastępują dowolne litery i cyfry oraz ich ciągi, wyszukiwać terminy podobne, znajdujące się w pewnej odległości od siebie lub określać priorytet wyszukiwanych terminów."},"2":{"title":"Operatory logiczne","content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eAND\u003c/strong\u003e zapisywany również jako \u003cstrong\u003e\u0026\u0026\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e - oznacza, że terminy połączone operatorem \u003cstrong\u003emuszą jednocześnie występować w przeszukiwanym dokumencie\u003c/strong\u003e. Np. zapytanie w postaci Kopernik \u0026\u0026 Chopin spowoduje wybranie tylko takich dokumentów, w których oba nazwiska występują jednocześnie. Użycie operatora AND jest domyślym zachowaniem wyszukiwarki w przypadku wpisania więcej niż jednego słowa, zatem taki sam wynik uzyskamy wpisując Kopernik Chopin.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik NOT Chopin\u003c/figure\u003elub\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik \u0026\u0026 Chopin\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eOR\u003c/strong\u003e - zapisywany również jako ||\u003cbr /\u003e- wymaga, aby \u003cstrong\u003eprzynajmniej jeden z terminów występował w przeszukiwanym dokumencie\u003c/strong\u003e np. zapytanie Kopernik || Copernicus spowoduje wybranie dokumentów, w których nazwisko astronoma występuje chociaż w jednej z podanych form.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik OR Chopin\u003c/figure\u003elub\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik || Chopin\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNOT\u003c/strong\u003e - zapisywany również jako ! - \u003cstrong\u003ewyklucza z listy wyników dokumenty, w których występuje zanegowany termin\u003c/strong\u003e. Np. zapytanie „Nicolaus Copernicus” NOT university wyszuka dokumenty, zawierające frazę „Nicolaus Copernicus”, ale nie zawierające jednocześnie słowa university. Operator ten nie może być stosowany samodzielnie, np. zapytanie w postaci NOT „Nicolaus Copernicus” nie zwróci poprawnych wyników.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik NOT Chopin\u003c/figure\u003elub\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKopernik !Chopin\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e+\u003c/strong\u003e (operator terminu wymaganego) \u003cbr /\u003e- \u003cstrong\u003ewyszukuje dokumenty zawierające termin następujący bezpośrednio po „+”\u003c/strong\u003e, lecz niekoniecznie pozostałe terminy, np. +biblioteka uniwersytecka spowoduje wybranie dokumentów, które muszą zawierać słowo biblioteka i mogą (ale nie muszą) zawierać słowo: uniwersytecka.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e+biblioteka uniwersytecka\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e- (operator terminu zakazanego) \u003cbr /\u003e- działa podobnie jak operator NOT. Zapytanie „Nicolaus Copernicus” -„Nicolaus Copernicus University” wyszuka dokumenty zawierające nazwisko „Nicolaus Copernicus”, lecz nie zawierające nazwy „Nicolaus Copernicus University”.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e„Nicolaus Copernicus” - „Nicolaus Copernicus University”\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"},"3":{"title":"Znaki maskujące","content":"\u003cul\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e?\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e- \u003cstrong\u003ezastępuje jeden dowolny znak\u003c/strong\u003e. Np. zapytanie \u003cstrong\u003eKowalsk?\u003c/strong\u003e pasuje zarówno do Kowalski, jak i Kowalska\u003cfigure\u003eKowalsk?\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e*\u003c/strong\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e- \u003cstrong\u003ezastępuje ciąg znaków\u003c/strong\u003e np. zapis: \u003cstrong\u003ebu*a\u003c/strong\u003e spowoduje wyszukanie takich słów jak bu\u003cstrong\u003ed\u003c/strong\u003ea, bu\u003cstrong\u003edd\u003c/strong\u003ea, bu\u003cstrong\u003eddyst\u003c/strong\u003ea, bu\u003cstrong\u003etonierk\u003c/strong\u003ea itp. Znaku maskującego nie wolno umieszczać na początku wyrażenia wyszukiwawczego.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003eKowalsk*\u003c/figure\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e"},"4":{"title":"Wyszukiwanie rozmyte","content":"Wyszukiwanie rozmyte (fuzzy search) znajduje zastosowanie w wypadku terminów prostych podobnych do siebie np. Copernicus, Copernikus, Kopernikus. Dokumenty zawierające te terminy można wyszukać dodając znak tyldy do terminu: \u003cstrong\u003ecopernicus~\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003cbr /\u003eStopień poszukiwanego podobieństwa, można określić współczynnikiem, który zmienia się w zakresie od 0 (brak podobieństwa) do 1 (terminy identyczne). Domyślnie współczynnik podobieństwa ustawiony jest na wartość 0.5. Aby ją zmienić, do wyszukiwanego terminu należy dodać znak tyldy wraz z wyraźnie określonym współczynnikiem, np. \u003cstrong\u003ekopernik~0.4\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003ekopernik~0.4\u003c/figure\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e= Copernicus/Copernikus/Kopernikus"},"5":{"title":"Wyszukiwanie według sąsiedztwa","content":"Możliwe jest również \u003cstrong\u003eokreślenie w jakiej odległości ma się znajdować jeden z wyszukiwanych terminów od innego\u003c/strong\u003e (tzw. proximity search). Jeśli np. pamiętamy, że dokumencie w niewielkiej odległości od siebie pojawiały się wyrażenia Choral-buch oraz Westpreussen, możemy użyć następującego zapytania: \u003cstrong\u003e„Choral-buch Westpreussen”~6\u003c/strong\u003e.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e„Księga Torunia”~2\u003c/figure\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e= Księga \u003cstrong\u003eadresowa miasta\u003c/strong\u003e Torunia /lub/ Księga \u003cstrong\u003edługów miasta\u003c/strong\u003e Torunia z okresu wojny trzynastoletniej."},"6":{"title":"Określanie ważności terminu","content":"Można określić \u003cstrong\u003epriorytet wyszukiwanego terminu\u003c/strong\u003e przez dodanie znaku ^ wraz z liczbą (większą niż 1). Np. zapytanie stempowski^4 grydzewski zwróci dokumenty, w których występują oba nazwiska, ale na początku listy znajdą się te, w których częściej pojawia się nazwisko oznaczone wyższym priorytetem. Domyślny priorytet wyszukiwania wynosi 1.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003estempowski^4 grydzewski\u003c/figure\u003e"},"7":{"title":"Łączenie zapytań","content":"Wyrażenia w zapytaniach złożonych można grupować za pomocą nawiasów. Zabieg taki pozwala nadać rozbudowanym zapytaniom zamierzony, jednoznaczny sens, podobnie jak to się dzieje w działaniach arytmetycznych.\u003cbr /\u003eNajpierw przetwarzane są wyrażenia cząstkowe wewnątrz nawiasów, a następnie większe całości. Zapytanie o kształcie: „De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” AND (Copernicus OR Kopernik) spowoduje wyszukanie dokumentów, w ktorych występuje tytuł dzieła Kopernika oraz jego nazwisko przynajmniej w jednej z dwóch form.\u003cbr /\u003e\u003cfigure\u003e„De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” AND (Copernicus OR Kopernik)\u003c/figure\u003e\u003cbr /\u003e = „De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” Mikołaj Kopernik /lub/ „De revolutionibus orbium coelestium” Nicholas Copernicus"},"8":{"title":"Znaki specjalne","content":"Ze zrozumiałych względów znaki służące do budowania zapytań złożonych (+ - \u0026\u0026 || ! ( ) { } [ ] ^ „ ~ * ? : \\) są traktowane podczas wyszukiwania inaczej niż pozostałe: pełnią rolę elementów składni zapytania, a nie cząstek wyszukiwanego wyrażenia. Aby objąć je procesem wyszukiwania należy umieścić przed nimi tzw. znak ucieczki \\. Np. w celu wyszukania frazy „(2 + 2)*2” należy wpisać „\\( 2 \\+ 2 \\) \\* 2”"},"9":{"title":"Źródło opisu","content":"Pełny opis sposobu formułowania zapytań (strona w języku angielskim): Jakarta Lucene Query Parser Syntax. Tekst oryginalnie zamieszczony na stronach Kujawsko-Pomorskiej Biblioteki Cyfrowej. Creative Commons License Ten utwór jest dostępny na licencji Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa-Na tych samych warunkach 2.5 Polska."},"count":9}},"form":{"buttons":{"search":"Wyszukaj","clear":"Wyczyść","moreSearchOptions":"Więcej opcji wyszukiwania","changeSearchCriteria":"Zmień kryteria wyszukiwania"},"messages":{"required":"To pole jest wymagane","oneOfDate":"Co najmniej jedno z pól daty jest wymagane","searchFieldRequired":"Pole wyszukiwania nie może pozostać puste"},"captcha":"Wpisz kod z obrazka*","label":{"search":"Wyszukaj"}},"news":{"heading":"Informacje","single":"Informacja","other":"Inne aktualności","all":"Wszystkie aktualności"},"share":{"button":"Udostępnij stronę"},"collection":{"aside":{"header":"Kolekcje","choose":"Wybierz kolekcję"},"selected":"Wybrana kolekcja:","desc":"Opis kolekcji","objects":"Obiekty w kolekcji","objectsCount":{"object_0":"obiekt","object_1":"obiekty","object_2":"obiektów"},"search":{"link":"Wyświetl kolekcję w wynikach wyszukiwania","placeholder":"Wyszukaj obiekt w wybranej kolekcji"},"noResults":"Brak obiektów w kolekcji"},"commons":{"expand":"rozwiń","collapse":"zwiń","close":"Zamknij","delete":"Usuń","clear":"Wyczyść","apply":"Zastosuj","cancel":"Anuluj","objectsCount":{"object_0":"obiekt","object_1":"obiekty","object_2":"obiektów"}},"sortActions":{"viewType":{"label":"Zmień widok:","listView":"Widok listy","tileView":"Widok płytek"},"sort":{"label":"Sortowanie:","byAccuracy":"według trafności","alphabeticallyByTitle":"według tytułów A - Z","reversedAlphabeticallyByTitle":"według tytułów Z - A","alphabeticallyByCreator":"według twórców A - Z","reversedAlphabeticallyByCreator":"według twórców Z - A","byOldest":"według najstarszych","byNewest":"według najnowszych"},"ipp":"Publikacji na stronie:"},"indexes":{"title":"Indeksy","selected":"Wybrany indeks:","selectLetter":"Wybierz pierwszą literę","search":"Wyszukaj","results":"Wyników:"},"advancedSearch":{"addAnother":"Dodaj kolejną wartość","era":{"A.D.":"n.e","B.C.":"p.n.e."},"date":{"placeholder":"RRRR.MM.DD","from":"od","to":"do"}},"header":{"login":{"title":"Witaj w dLibra7","content":"Zaloguj się i zobacz obiekty dodane na półkę lub zapisane zapytania. 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