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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Georgian-born American businessman</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">George Arison</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_(49023891273).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg/220px-2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg/330px-2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg/440px-2019_-_Future_Societies_-_Day_2_ENX_8064_%2849023891273%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2551" data-file-height="2886" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Arison in 2019</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Irakli Areshidze (ირაკლი არეშიძე)</div><br />1977 (age 46–47)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_SSR" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgian SSR">Georgian SSR</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soviet_Union" title="Soviet Union">Soviet Union</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> (<a href="/wiki/Bachelor_of_Arts" title="Bachelor of Arts">BA</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role">Entrepreneur, businessman</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Title</th><td class="infobox-data title">Founder of <a href="/wiki/Shift_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift (business)">Shift</a><br />CEO of <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;">Robert Luo</div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 2019)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>George Arison</b> (born <b>Irakli Areshidze</b>, <a href="/wiki/Georgian_language" title="Georgian language">Georgian</a>: <b>ირაკლი არეშიძე</b>; in 1977) is a <a href="/wiki/List_of_Georgian_Americans" class="mw-redirect" title="List of Georgian Americans">Georgian-born American</a> businessman and investor. He is the founder and co-<a href="/wiki/Chief_executive_officer" title="Chief executive officer">CEO</a> of <a href="/wiki/Shift_Technologies" title="Shift Technologies">Shift</a>, an online, <a href="/wiki/Peer-to-peer" title="Peer-to-peer">peer-to-peer</a> marketplace for buying and selling used cars. Prior to Shift, in 2007, he co-founded Taxi Magic, known today as Curb (RideCharge, Inc.). As a political scholar and activist, he is considered for strong pro-democracy views for Georgia in its post-Soviet transition.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arison is currently the CEO of <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life_and_education">Early life and education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life and education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Arison was born Irakli Areshidze<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in <a href="/wiki/Tbilisi" title="Tbilisi">Tbilisi</a> in <a href="/wiki/Georgian_Soviet_Socialist_Republic" title="Georgian Soviet Socialist Republic">Georgia</a> in 1977. He moved to the United States at the age of 14.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He claims to be the "first student from the Soviet Union allowed to attend a private U.S. high school without a government sponsorship".<sup id="cite_ref-LI_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2000, he graduated from <a href="/wiki/Middlebury_College" title="Middlebury College">Middlebury College</a> in <a href="/wiki/Vermont" title="Vermont">Vermont</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with a bachelor's degree in <a href="/wiki/Political_science" title="Political science">political science</a>, having studied under political scientist <a href="/wiki/Murray_Dry" title="Murray Dry">Murray Dry</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-AreshidzeCarrese2016_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AreshidzeCarrese2016-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_career">Early career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>After graduating from Middlebury, between 2000 and 2004, Arison moved to Washington D.C. to pursue a career in politics, founding a think tank focused on building democracy in his home country of Georgia. He went to Tbilisi to help manage an election campaign there.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He also worked briefly for <a href="/wiki/Boston_Consulting_Group" title="Boston Consulting Group">Boston Consulting Group</a> (BCG) alongside his fellow Middlebury alum Toby Russell.<sup id="cite_ref-LI_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LI-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2007, he co-founded Taxi Magic, today known as Curb (RideCharge, Inc.), which uses mobile technology to organize transportation, on demand.<sup id="cite_ref-Bloomberg_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bloomberg-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year, Arison authored the book ‘’Democracy and Autocracy in Eurasia<i>, published in 2007.<sup id="cite_ref-Inc_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Inc-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></i> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Shift">Shift</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Shift"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Shift_(business)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shift (business)">Shift (business)</a></div> <p>In 2014, Arison co-founded Shift, an online, peer-to-peer, marketplace for buying and selling used cars.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shift acts as "an agent between used car buyers and sellers."<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, Arison secured a $23.8 million investment, primarily from chief investors <a href="/wiki/DFJ" class="mw-redirect" title="DFJ">DFJ</a> and <a href="/wiki/Highland_Capital_Partners" title="Highland Capital Partners">Highland Capital Partners</a>, as well as SV Angel and Great Oaks VC, along with individuals like <a href="/wiki/Lars_Rasmussen_(software_developer)" title="Lars Rasmussen (software developer)">Lars Rasmussen</a> of <a href="/wiki/Google_Maps" title="Google Maps">Google Maps</a> and Hans Robertson of <a href="/wiki/Cisco_Meraki" title="Cisco Meraki">Meraki</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-WSJ_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WSJ-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2015, Arison made a deal with <a href="/wiki/Goldman_Sachs" title="Goldman Sachs">Goldman Sachs</a>, which lead to a $50 million investment in Shift. The investment's purpose was to expand the company's services beyond Silicon Valley and Los Angeles to compete with market leaders like <a href="/wiki/Carmax" class="mw-redirect" title="Carmax">Carmax</a> and <a href="/wiki/Craigslist" title="Craigslist">Craigslist</a>. Arison said at the time: "We think that any city with 250,000 people or more could have an awesome Shift marketplace. We don’t want to make a lot of money on the car itself. Marketplaces win when they offer a better product for less money."<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Between 2017 & 2018 BMW iVentures, Alliance Ventures, and Lithia Motors participated in multiple rounds of investment (Series C & D) which brought together $178 million in equity and debt.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In October 2020, Arison led Shift through a merger with a Special Purpose Acquisition Company (SPAC) called Insurance Acquisition Corp, which brought an additional $300 million to the company and resulted in Shift becoming a publicly traded company at <a href="/wiki/Nasdaq" title="Nasdaq">Nasdaq</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Political_activity_and_commentary">Political activity and commentary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Political activity and commentary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In May 2016, when <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> was criticized for his policies by businesspeople in Silicon Valley, Arison was included, saying, "We all very strongly believe in immigration and bringing very skilled, awesome people to the U.S. and welcoming them. Google wouldn’t exist if it wasn’t for (Russian-born) <a href="/wiki/Sergey_Brin" title="Sergey Brin">Sergey Brin</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tesla_Motors" class="mw-redirect" title="Tesla Motors">Tesla</a> wouldn’t exist if it wasn’t for <a href="/wiki/Elon_Musk" title="Elon Musk">Elon Musk</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the same year, Arison was a speaker for the <a href="/wiki/Clinton_Foundation" title="Clinton Foundation">Clinton Global Initiative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He has also contributed to numerous publications, including the <i><a href="/wiki/Christian_Science_Monitor" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Science Monitor">Christian Science Monitor</a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2020, Arison also publicly supported the <a href="/wiki/CARES_Act" title="CARES Act">CARES Act</a>, considering it "a huge win for small business owners" during the coronavirus pandemic.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grindr">Grindr</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Grindr"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In September 2022, Arison was named CEO of gay dating app <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a> prior to the company going public through a merger with Tiga Acquisition Corp.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Arinson has stated publicly his plans for the organisation and a change to the company offerings via an introduction to a multi-tier paid subscription model and increase investments on app monetisation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July of 2023, employees at <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a> announced a <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions_in_the_United_States" title="Labor unions in the United States">union</a> campaign to which Arison responded to by instituting a return to office policy. This move has been used as a common <a href="/wiki/Union_busting" title="Union busting">union busting</a> tactic. <sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Controversies">Controversies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Controversies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On October of 2022, Arison faced backlash for Tweets that resurfaced where he showed support for conservative politicians who have diminished rights of the LGBTQ+ community such as <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> and Virginia Governor <a href="/wiki/Glenn_Youngkin" title="Glenn Youngkin">Glenn Youngkin</a>. These resurfaced as he became the CEO of <a href="/wiki/Grindr" title="Grindr">Grindr</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Investments">Investments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Investments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Currently, he is an investor in following early-stage startups; Shipper,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Carrot Fertility,<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Pulsar AI,<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> AutoLeap,<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and TravelBank.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In early 2019, Arison married Robert Luo.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In fall of the same year, the couple had two children named Luka and Emilia via surrogacy.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=George_Arison&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2012/1011/The-path-forward-in-Georgia-Will-billionaire-Ivanishvili-invest-in-democracy">"The path forward in Georgia: Will billionaire Ivanishvili invest in democracy?"</a>. <i>Christian Science Monitor</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=The+path+forward+in+Georgia%3A+Will+billionaire+Ivanishvili+invest+in+democracy%3F&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FCommentary%2FOpinion%2F2012%2F1011%2FThe-path-forward-in-Georgia-Will-billionaire-Ivanishvili-invest-in-democracy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Arison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://investors.grindr.com/governance/executive-management/default.aspx#:~:text=George%20ArisonChief%20Executive%20Officer,company%2C%20Shift%20Platform%2C%20Inc">https://investors.grindr.com/governance/executive-management/default.aspx#:~:text=George%20ArisonChief%20Executive%20Officer,company%2C%20Shift%20Platform%2C%20Inc</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msupress.org/books/book/?id=50-1D0-2334#.VcJiXhNViko">"Michigan State University Press"</a>. MSU Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 June</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Michigan+State+University+Press&rft.pub=MSU+Press&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsupress.org%2Fbooks%2Fbook%2F%3Fid%3D50-1D0-2334%23.VcJiXhNViko&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGeorge+Arison" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hebronacademy.org/podium/default.aspx?t=204&nid=576895">"Alumnus to Speak at Cum Laude"</a>. Hebron Academy<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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