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Click here for more information."><img alt="This is a good article. Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Story in The Lord of the Rings</div> <p> "<b>The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</b>" is a story within the Appendices of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. It narrates the love of the <a href="/wiki/Man_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Man (Middle-earth)">mortal Man</a> <a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Immortality" title="Immortality">immortal</a> <a href="/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Elf-maiden</a> <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a>, telling the story of their first meeting, their eventual <a href="/wiki/Betrothal" class="mw-redirect" title="Betrothal">betrothal</a> and marriage, and the circumstances of their deaths. Tolkien called the tale "really essential to the story".<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In contrast to the non-narrative appendices it extends the main story of the book to cover events both before and after it, one reason it would not fit in the main text. Tolkien gave another reason for its exclusion, namely that the main text is told from the <a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">hobbits</a>' point of view. </p><p>The tale to some extent mirrors the "<a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" class="mw-redirect" title="Tale of Beren and Lúthien">Tale of Beren and Lúthien</a>", set in an earlier age of <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>. This creates a feeling of historical depth, in what scholars note is an approach similar to that of <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i>. </p><p>Aspects of the tale discussed by scholars include the nature of love and death; the question of why the tale, if so important, was relegated to an appendix; Tolkien's blurring of the line between story and history; the balance Tolkien strikes between open <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and his treatment of his characters as <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">pagan</a>; and the resulting paradox that although Tolkien was a <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> and considered <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">the book fundamentally Catholic</a>, Middle-earth societies lack <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religions</a> of their own. It has been noted also that the tale's relegation deprives the main story of much of its <a href="/wiki/Love-interest" class="mw-redirect" title="Love-interest">love-interest</a>, shifting the book's emphasis towards action. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Context">Context</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Context"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The tale is set in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Age">Third</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fourth_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Age">Fourth Ages</a> of <a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Fictional_universe" title="Fictional universe">fictional universe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a>, and was published in 1955 in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> as the fifth part of the first section of Appendix A of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-RoTK_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RoTK-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the main text of the book, Aragorn is presented almost without detail of his relationships, other than a brief interaction with <a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a>, the lady of <a href="/wiki/Rohan_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Rohan (Middle-earth)">Rohan</a>, while Arwen barely speaks and hardly features until her marriage at the end of the book. In a letter dated 6 April 1956 to his publisher <a href="/wiki/Rayner_Unwin" title="Rayner Unwin">Rayner Unwin</a>, Tolkien stated that the tale was the only part of the Appendices that was "really essential to the story."<sup id="cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The publishers wanted to omit the Appendices entirely for the first Swedish edition, the 1959-1961 <i>Sagan om ringen</i>; Tolkien insisted on keeping the tale, stating that it was "essential to the understanding of the main text in many places", and it and Appendix D formed the only appendices to that edition.<sup id="cite_ref-publication_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publication-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first one-volume edition of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> that appeared in 1968 omitted all the Appendices "except for <i>The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-publication_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-publication-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The process of the composition of the tale was explored by Tolkien's son and literary executor <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> in the 12th and final volume of <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Working from his father's unpublished manuscripts and drafts, he traces the evolution of the tale through several versions and framing devices, including an "abandoned experiment at inserting it into [a] history of the North Kingdom", concluding that "the original design of the tale of Aragorn and Arwen had been lost".<sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The original manuscript pages of the deathbed exchange between Aragorn and Arwen show that this key scene was almost unchanged from the published version, and had been written at great speed.<sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>c<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Frame_story">Frame story</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Frame story"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Tolkien's frame stories</a></div> <p>In Tolkien's fictional universe, the <a href="/wiki/Frame_story" title="Frame story">frame story</a> is that the tale was written after Aragorn's death by Barahir, grandson of <a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a> and <a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a>, and that an abbreviated version of the tale was included in the copy of the <a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch#Thain's_Book" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Thain's Book</a> made by Findegil.<sup id="cite_ref-Shire_Records_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shire_Records-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tolkien scholar Giuseppe Pezzini writes that the "meta-textual frame ... is duly harmonised in the text through the use of formal features; the appendixes are indeed full of scribal glosses, later notes, and editorial references that are meant to match the elaborate textual history detailed in the Note on the Shire Records."<sup id="cite_ref-Pezzini_2018_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pezzini_2018-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Narrative_voice" class="mw-redirect" title="Narrative voice">narrative voice</a> and the point of view from which the story is told is examined by the scholar of English, literature, and film Christine Barkley, who considers the main part of the tale to have been narrated by Aragorn.<sup id="cite_ref-Barkley_1996_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barkley_1996-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>d<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Plot"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a>, visiting <a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a>, sings the <i>Lay of <a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien" class="mw-redirect" title="Lúthien">Lúthien</a></i>, an immortal <a href="/wiki/Elf_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Elf (Middle-earth)">Elf-maiden</a> in the <a href="/wiki/First_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="First Age">First Age</a> who <a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">marries a man, Beren</a>, thereby choosing a mortal life. As he does so, "Lúthien walked before his eyes": he sees <a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a> in the woods, and calls out to her "Tinúviel! Tinúviel!" as Beren had done; she reveals that although she seems no older than he, she is of great age, having "the [immortal] life of the <a href="/wiki/Eldar_(Middle-earth)" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldar (Middle-earth)">Eldar</a>". He falls in love with her. Arwen's father, <a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a> the Half-elven, sees without being told what has happened, and tells Aragorn that a "great doom awaits" him, either to be the greatest of his line since <a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a>, or to fall into darkness; and that he "shall neither have wife, nor bind any woman to you in troth" until he is found worthy. In reply, with "the foresight of his kindred", Aragorn prophesies that Elrond's time in Middle-earth is coming to an end, and that Arwen will have to choose between her father and staying in Middle-earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Tale_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aragorn and Arwen meet again in <a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a>, nearly thirty years later. Galadriel dresses Aragorn in "silver and white, with a cloak of elven-grey and a bright gem on his brow", so that he seems to be an elf-lord. Arwen sees him and makes her choice. They climb the hill of Cerin Amroth, from where they can see the Shadow (<a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a>) in the East, and the Twilight (the fading of the Elves) in the West, and they "<a href="/wiki/Engagement" title="Engagement">plighted their troth</a>". Elrond tells Aragorn that they may marry only when he is King of both <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> and Arnor, the ancient southern and northern Kingdoms of Middle-earth.<sup id="cite_ref-Tale_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some years later, Aragorn helps the Fellowship and the forces of the West to victory in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Ring">War of the Ring</a> against the forces of Mordor. At the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Battle of the Pelennor Fields</a>, he unfurls the standard made by Arwen and is hailed as King by the people of Gondor. The <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> is destroyed, taking the power of the <a href="/wiki/Three_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Three Rings">three Elven-rings</a>, including Elrond's, with it. Aragorn becomes King of Gondor and Arnor, and at midsummer he and Arwen are married in Minas Tirith. The <a href="/wiki/Third_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Age">Third Age</a> ends as Elrond departs Middle-earth never to return, and he and Arwen are "sundered by the Sea and by a doom beyond the end of the world".<sup id="cite_ref-Tale_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aragorn and Arwen live together as King and Queen of Gondor and Arnor for "six-<a href="/wiki/Score_(number)" class="mw-redirect" title="Score (number)">score</a> [120] years in great glory and bliss". Then, aged 210 and feeling the onset of old age, Aragorn chooses to lay down his life before he falls from his "high seat unmanned and witless". In the scenes that follow, Aragorn and a grief-stricken Arwen converse on the nature of death and the consequences of the choice she had made. Aragorn lies down in "the House of the Kings in the Silent Street" and, giving the crown of Gondor and the <a href="/wiki/Sceptre" title="Sceptre">sceptre</a> of Arnor to his son Eldarion, he says his final farewell to Arwen and dies, his body remaining "in glory undimmed". Arwen was "not yet weary of her days and thus tasted the bitterness of the mortality that she had taken upon her". The elf-light in her eyes goes out, and she leaves Gondor for Lorien, itself now dimmed as the elf-rulers <a href="/wiki/Galadriel_and_Celeborn" class="mw-redirect" title="Galadriel and Celeborn">Galadriel and Celeborn</a> and their people had left Middle-earth. She wanders under the mallorn trees, their leaves falling, and becomes the only living Elf in Middle-earth since Lúthien to die of old age.<sup id="cite_ref-Tale_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Analysis">Analysis</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Analysis"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes of The Lord of the Rings</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inspiration">Inspiration</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Inspiration"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sir_Orfeo,_first_page,_Auchinleck_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg/300px-Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="300" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg/450px-Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/d9/Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg/600px-Sir_Orfeo%2C_first_page%2C_Auchinleck_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="605" data-file-height="334" /></a><figcaption>Tolkien's tale may have been inspired by the medieval poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i>, which begins<br /><span title="Middle English (1100-1500)-language text"><i lang="enm">    Orfeo was a king<br />     In Inglond an heiȝe lording.</i></span><sup id="cite_ref-Capra_2022_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capra_2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Tolkien and the classical world</a></div> <p>Elena Capra writes that <a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Tolkien made use of the medieval</a> poem <i><a href="/wiki/Sir_Orfeo" title="Sir Orfeo">Sir Orfeo</a></i>, based on the classical tale of <a href="/wiki/Orpheus_and_Eurydice" title="Orpheus and Eurydice">Orpheus and Eurydice</a>, both for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Elvish kingdom, and for his story in <i>The Silmarillion</i> of <a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a>. That in turn influenced "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"". In Capra's view, <i>Sir Orfeo</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s key ingredient was the political connection "between the recovery of the main character's beloved and the return to royal responsibility."<sup id="cite_ref-Capra_2022_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Capra_2022-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Missing_religion">Missing religion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Missing religion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity in Middle-earth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism in Middle-earth</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg/170px-Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="245" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg/255px-Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg/340px-Hans_Burgkmair_d._%C3%84._Drei_heidnische_Helden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="838" data-file-height="1206" /></a><figcaption>Tolkien shared the Catholic hope that God had a plan for <a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">virtuous pagans</a> like Aragorn.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Woodcut <i>The Three Good Pagans</i> by <a href="/wiki/Hans_Burgkmair" title="Hans Burgkmair">Hans Burgkmair</a>, 1519</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Medievalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Medievalist">medievalist</a> and scholar of <a href="/wiki/Old_English" title="Old English">Old English</a> literature and its use in fantasy, <a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Tom Shippey</a>, analyses the tale for what it says about Tolkien's delicate balance between open <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> and his treatment of his characters as <a href="/wiki/Pagan" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagan">heathens</a>, a word that Shippey observes Tolkien uses very sparingly.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shippey notes that both Aragorn and Arwen are pagan, though Aragorn is "remarkably virtuous .. without even the faults of <a href="/wiki/Theoden" class="mw-redirect" title="Theoden">Theoden</a>, and he foreknows his death like a [Christian] saint".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shippey notes that Arwen is inconsolable, seeing nothing after death, rejecting Aragorn's "we are not bound for ever to the circles of the world, and beyond them is more than memory. Farewell!"; as Shippey says, "Arwen is not comforted" by this; none of the traditional consolations of religion are present.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He observes that Tolkien stated in a letter to a <a href="/wiki/Jesuit" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesuit">Jesuit</a> priest that he had cut religion out of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> because it "is absorbed into the story and the symbolism".<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Letters_#142_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letters_#142-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Shippey explains that Tolkien, a devout <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a>, "thought, or hoped, that God had a plan for <a href="/wiki/Virtuous_pagan" title="Virtuous pagan">[virtuous pagan] pre-Catholics</a> too", so that heroes like Aragorn would go to <a href="/wiki/Limbo" title="Limbo">Limbo</a> rather than to Hell.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He notes that the tale contains another death-scene, that of Gilraen, Aragorn's mother; she too is not comforted by Aragorn's mention of "a light beyond the darkness", a phrase that Shippey writes could be a hope of salvation, or simply a hope of winning the War of the Ring.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2001_Gilraen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Whatever the case, Shippey considers the tale to give "the deepest sense of religious belief mentioned explicitly in Middle-earth",<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2001_Gilraen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but that the result is an "only-slightly-qualified absence of religion",<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2001_Gilraen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> creating a "paradox of a 'fundamentally Catholic' work which never once mentions God."<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2001_Gilraen-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In her study of death and dying in <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, Amy Amendt-Raduege states that Aragorn's death "follows the step-by-step process outlined by the <i><a href="/wiki/Ars_moriendi" title="Ars moriendi">Ars moriendi</a></i>", the Christian precepts on how to die well, namely "the acceptance of death, the refusal of temptation, the dispensation of worldly goods and the last farewell to the family, and the final affirmation of faith".<sup id="cite_ref-Amendt-Raduege_2018_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amendt-Raduege_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amendt-Raduege describes the death of Aragorn as "one of the most deeply moving scenes in the story".<sup id="cite_ref-Amendt-Raduege_2018_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Amendt-Raduege_2018-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Relegated_ending">Relegated ending</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Relegated ending"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arwen_brings_Aragorn_the_Banner_of_the_White_Tree.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/77/Arwen_brings_Aragorn_the_Banner_of_the_White_Tree.jpg/280px-Arwen_brings_Aragorn_the_Banner_of_the_White_Tree.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/7/77/Arwen_brings_Aragorn_the_Banner_of_the_White_Tree.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="401" data-file-height="246" /></a><figcaption>In <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">Peter Jackson's <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy</a>, the tale is brought from the appendix into the main narrative,<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and (shown) Arwen brings the banner of the White Tree to Aragorn, and they are married. In the book these are separate events.<sup id="cite_ref-Porter2005_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aragorn is shown wearing a circlet; Tolkien described the crown in the book as a taller version of the helmets of the city guard, and in a later letter as resembling the <a href="/wiki/Hedjet" title="Hedjet">Hedjet</a> of <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>The scholar of English literature Chris Walsh describes "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" as an alternative ending to <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, with Aragorn's sombre last words to Arwen in place of the <a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">hobbit</a> <a href="/wiki/Sam_Gamgee" class="mw-redirect" title="Sam Gamgee">Sam Gamgee</a>'s cheery "Well, I'm back".<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walsh notes that in a letter, Tolkien wrote "The passage over Sea [to Elvenhome in the West] is not Death ... I am only concerned with Death as part of the nature, physical and spiritual, of Man, and with Hope without guarantees. That is why I regard the tale of Arwen and Aragorn as the most important of the appendices; it is part of the essential story [...]".<sup id="cite_ref-Letters_#181_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letters_#181-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Workman writes that the relegation of the tale to an appendix "does not subordinate its importance", citing the same letter.<sup id="cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workman_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walsh states that he is interested to find that while Tolkien had "reluctantly relegated"<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the tale to an appendix, it is part of the main story in <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">Peter Jackson's <i>The Lord of The Rings</i> film trilogy</a>, "strategically placed almost exactly half-way through".<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The film's depiction of the tale differs from the book's, combining Arwen's arrival, the presentation of the banner, the coronation, and the wedding; in the tale, Aragorn "unfurled the standard of Arwen in the battle of the Fields of Pelennor".<sup id="cite_ref-Tale_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Porter2005_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Porter2005-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walsh notes that Jackson includes a flash forward to Elrond's vision of Arwen as the King's widow, with the phrase "There is nothing for you here: only death" used both in the film of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Two Towers (film)">The Two Towers</a></i> and again in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(2003_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Return of the King (2003 film)">The Return of the King</a></i>: in Walsh's view, death is the story's focus.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>e<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The literary historian and folklorist William Gray adds that the reason for the tale's relegation may be that it does not contribute to the <a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">interlacing of the narrative</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Interlacing is the literary device where the narrative jumps between parallel threads.<sup id="cite_ref-Shippey_2005_interlace_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Shippey_2005_interlace-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Gray notes that one effect of the relegation is an emphasis on dramatic action, at the price of "love-interest".<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All the same, Gray writes, the tale "is one of Tolkien's most moving pieces. It is a tale about enduring love, triumphing over seemingly impossible odds, and sealed with Arwen's sacrifice of her Elven immortality in order to live with her human husband for 'six score years of great glory and bliss'."<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tolkien himself gave another explanation, which was that "This story is placed in an appendix, because I have told the whole tale [of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>] more or less through 'hobbits'; and that is because another main point in the story for me is the remark of Elrond in <a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">Vol. I</a>: 'Such is oft the course of deeds that move the wheels of the world [...]'".<sup id="cite_ref-Letters_#186_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letters_#186-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Christina Scull</a> notes that as a result of this hobbit-centred viewpoint, first-time readers can be "as surprised as the hobbits when Arwen and her escort arrive at Minas Tirith".<sup id="cite_ref-Scull_2006_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Scull_2006-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption>Timeline showing how the Tale brackets the main story<sup id="cite_ref-App_B_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-App_B-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Year<sup id="cite_ref-App_B_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-App_B-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></th> <th>"The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen"</th> <th><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i><br />main narrative </th></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Third_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Age">3rd Age</a></b>, 241</td> <td>(Arwen is born)</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2931</td> <td>(Aragorn is born)</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2951</td> <td>Aragorn falls in love with Arwen.</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>2980</td> <td>Aragorn and Arwen become engaged.</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>3018-9</td> <td colspan="2" style="background: silver" align="center">Aragorn is one of the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(characters)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fellowship of the Ring (characters)">Fellowship</a> in the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring" class="mw-redirect" title="War of the Ring">War of the Ring</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3019, 25 March</td> <td colspan="2" style="background: silver" align="center">The <a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a> is destroyed. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3019, 1 May</td> <td colspan="2" style="background: silver" align="center">Aragorn becomes King. </td></tr> <tr> <td>3019, Mid-year's Day</td> <td colspan="2" style="background: silver" align="center">Aragorn and Arwen are married. </td></tr> <tr> <td><b><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Age" class="mw-redirect" title="Fourth Age">4th Age</a></b>, 1</td> <td>They live as King and Queen.</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>120</td> <td>Aragorn dies "in glory undimmed".</td> <td>— </td></tr> <tr> <td>120-121<br />Late winter</td> <td>Arwen, heartbroken, leaves <a href="/wiki/Minas_Tirith" title="Minas Tirith">Minas Tirith</a><br /> and dies in a deserted <a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a>.</td> <td>— </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The scholar of medieval and Renaissance literature Mary R. Bowman writes that both "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" and the final part of Appendix B (a detailed timeline) are examples of the appendices denying the closure of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> by narrating events for some 120 years after those of the final chapter of the main text; this differs from the non-narrative nature of the later appendices which add "cultural and linguistic material".<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id=""History,_true_or_feigned""><span id=".22History.2C_true_or_feigned.22"></span>"History, true or feigned"</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: "History, true or feigned""><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_(1862).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg/310px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="310" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg/465px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg/620px-Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti_-_Paolo_and_Francesca_da_Rimini_%281862%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="419" /></a><figcaption>Mary Bowman compares the "feigned" historical echoing of <a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a> in the "Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" with <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a>'s echoing of <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a> in his tale of <a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Francesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Paolo and Francesca">Paolo and Francesca</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> here in an 1862 painting by <a href="/wiki/Dante_Gabriel_Rossetti" title="Dante Gabriel Rossetti">Dante Gabriel Rossetti</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>Bowman notes that when Aragorn first sees Arwen, he both sings about Lúthien Tinúviel and calls Arwen by that name "as if the story [of Lúthien and Beren] had come to life before his eyes"<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and later he compares his life with Beren's, saying "I have turned my eyes to a treasure no less dear than the treasure of Thingol that Beren once desired".<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> To Bowman, this blurs the line between story and <a href="/wiki/History" title="History">history</a>, something that as she notes Tolkien much preferred, whether "true or feigned",<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the same way that <a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a> in his <i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i> (5.121-138) narrates that <a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Francesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Paolo and Francesca">Paolo and Francesca</a> were trying to imitate <a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a> of <a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian legend</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable" style="margin:1em auto;"> <caption>Tolkien, like Dante, provided "history" behind "story"<sup id="cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Element</th> <th><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien" class="mw-redirect" title="J.R.R. Tolkien">Tolkien</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord of the Rings">Lord of the Rings</a></i></th> <th><a href="/wiki/Dante" class="mw-redirect" title="Dante">Dante</a><br /><i><a href="/wiki/Inferno_(Dante)" title="Inferno (Dante)">Inferno</a></i> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Story</td> <td>"<b>Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</b>"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Paolo_and_Francesca" class="mw-redirect" title="Paolo and Francesca">Paolo and Francesca</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Imitating<br />"historic" tale</td> <td>"<a href="/wiki/Tale_of_Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" class="mw-redirect" title="Tale of Beren and Lúthien">Tale of Beren and Lúthien</a>"</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lancelot" title="Lancelot">Lancelot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Guinevere" title="Guinevere">Guinevere</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Contained in<br />legendarium</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Tolkien's legendarium</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Matter_of_Britain" title="Matter of Britain">Arthurian legend</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a> writes that the "Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" forms one of the "very final passages" of the internal chronology of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, and that it ends not just with Arwen's death, but the statement that her grave is on Cerin Amroth "until the world is changed, and all the days of her life are utterly forgotten by men that come after ... and with the passing of [Arwen] Evenstar no more is said in this book of the days of old."<sup id="cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rateliff_2006-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rateliff observes that this points up a "highly unusual" aspect of the book among modern fantasy: it is set "in the real world but in an imagined prehistory."<sup id="cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rateliff_2006-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a result, Rateliff explains, Tolkien can build what he likes in that distant past, elves and wizards and hobbits and all the rest, provided that he tears it all down again, so that the modern world can emerge from the wreckage, with nothing but "a word or two, a few vague legends and confused traditions..." to show for it.<sup id="cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rateliff_2006-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rateliff praises and quotes the scholar of English literature <a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Kocher" title="Paul H. Kocher">Paul H. Kocher</a> on this: "At the end of his epic Tolkien inserts ... some forebodings of [Middle-earth's] future which will make Earth what it is today ... he shows the initial steps in a long process of retreat or disappearance [of] all other intelligent species, which will leave man effectually alone on earth... Ents may still be there in our forests, but what forests have we left? The process of extermination is already well under way in the Third Age, and ... Tolkien bitterly deplores its climax today."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In this tale of decline and fall, notes <a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Marjorie Burns</a>, Tolkien "clever[ly]" manages to include an element of rising to nobility. Men cannot climb the hierarchy, as <a href="/wiki/Eru_Iluvatar" class="mw-redirect" title="Eru Iluvatar">Eru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a>, and Elves are permanently above them. But the Elves voluntarily leave at the end of the Third Age, so men can take their place. Further, Burns writes, the marriage with Arwen infuses Aragorn's line with fresh Elven blood, bringing some of the Elves' actual power and nobility to Gondor.<sup id="cite_ref-Burns_2006_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Burns_2006-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Love_and_death">Love and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Love and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Time_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" class="mw-redirect" title="Time in The Lord of the Rings">Time in The Lord of the Rings</a> and <a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality in Middle-earth</a></div> <p>The Tolkien scholar <a href="/wiki/Richard_C._West" title="Richard C. West">Richard C. West</a> notes the resemblance between Arwen and Lúthien, and analyses Arwen's understanding of her fateful choice, between love for Aragorn and mortality on the one hand, and her father's wishes and immortality on the other.<sup id="cite_ref-West_2006_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Others such as Bill Davis analyse Tolkien's exploration of mortality through an elf's choosing to die.<sup id="cite_ref-Davis_2013_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davis_2013-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West further shows how Tolkien subtly weaves the tale into the main story of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gray_2009-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West gives examples of direct and indirect references to Arwen that only make sense or become clearer once the tale in the Appendices has been read, such as the gift-giving scene in Lothlorien where Aragorn refers to Arwen with his words to Galadriel "Lady, you know all my desire, and long held in keeping the only treasure that I seek. Yet it is not yours to give me, even if you would; and only through darkness shall I come to it", and in response is presented by Galadriel with a green elfstone (earning him the name "Elessar") set in a silver brooch from Arwen.<sup id="cite_ref-West_2006_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>West draws a further connection between the tale in the Appendices and the main text in his analysis of the scene at the camp on Weathertop where Aragorn (Strider) recounts to the hobbits in poetry and prose the "Tale of Beren and Lúthien", with West highlighting Aragorn's words and "pensive mood" as he tells them that Lúthien "chose mortality, and to die from the world, so that she might follow [Beren]" and that "together they passed, long ago, beyond the confines of this world" and that she "alone of the Elf-kindred has died indeed and left the world, and they have lost her whom they most loved".<sup id="cite_ref-West_2006_39-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> West speculates that Aragorn may be thinking here of the consequences of what will happen should Arwen marry him, and later states that he finds "the lonely death of Arwen the most moving tragedy within [<i>The Lord of the Rings</i>]".<sup id="cite_ref-West_2006_39-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-West_2006-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A similar conclusion regarding Aragorn's feelings at Weathertop is drawn by scholar of medieval English literature John M. Bowers in his work on the influence of <a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Chaucer" title="Geoffrey Chaucer">Geoffrey Chaucer</a> on Tolkien. Bowers, looking at both the Weathertop scene and 'The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen', states that like certain pilgrims in Chaucer's <i><a href="/wiki/The_Canterbury_Tales" title="The Canterbury Tales">Canterbury Tales</a></i>, Aragorn's stories of his ancestors "open a window into his private desires and fears".<sup id="cite_ref-Bowers_2019_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Bowers_2019-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scholar of English literature <a href="/wiki/Anna_Vaninskaya" title="Anna Vaninskaya">Anna Vaninskaya</a> studies "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" to see how Tolkien uses fantasy to examine the issues of love and death, time and immortality. Given that Tolkien's Elves are immortal, they face the question of death from a unique vantage-point.<sup id="cite_ref-Vaninskaya_2020_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vaninskaya_2020-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sarah Workman writes that in the tale, Arwen's mourning of Aragorn serves to overcome what <a href="/wiki/Peter_Brooks_(writer)" title="Peter Brooks (writer)">Peter Brooks</a> called (she writes) the "meaningless", interminable nature of immortality. Workman quotes Brooks's statement that "all narration is obituary" and states that it is in that conception that Tolkien valued Arwen's fate: it is Arwen's "mourning gaze that allows for the transmission of Aragorn's memory",<sup id="cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workman_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or in Tolkien's words which she quotes, "And long there he lay, an image of the splendour of the Kings of Men in glory undimmed".<sup id="cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Workman_2014-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Polish scholar of religion in literature and film, Christopher Garbowski, notes that while Tolkien contrasts Elves and Men throughout <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>, he introduces the <a href="/wiki/Central_conceit" title="Central conceit">conceit</a> that an Elf may marry a Man on condition of surrendering her immortality. This happens exactly twice in the legendarium, with Lúthien and then with Arwen. In Garbowski's view the conceit's most dramatic use is an event in "The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen", the moment when Aragorn voluntarily accepts the time of his death, offered to him by Ilúvatar (God), which Garbowski finds "optimistic". Arwen calls this "gift" "bitter to receive"; Garbowski comments that Tolkien's later and much less optimistic posthumously published discourse "<a href="/wiki/Athrabeth_Finrod_ah_Andreth" class="mw-redirect" title="Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth">Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth</a>" effectively undermines the status of the "gift", coming close to the Christian position that body and soul cannot be separated.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The political philosopher Germaine Paulo Walsh compares Tolkien's view that "the ability to exercise wise judgment is tied to a steadfast belief in the ultimate justice of the cosmos, even in the face of circumstances that seem hopeless"<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2015_45-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with the attitudes towards death in Ancient Greece. He writes that <a href="/wiki/Plato" title="Plato">Plato</a> stated that <a href="/wiki/Homer" title="Homer">Homer</a> took <a href="/wiki/Achilles" title="Achilles">Achilles</a> as the model for death, the "only sound response" being despair, whereas Tolkien's model is Aragorn, who chooses death freely according to the "ancient prerogative of the <a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmenor" title="Númenor">Númenórean</a> rulers"; when Arwen pleads with him to hold off, he "concedes that death is a cause for 'sorrow' but not for 'despair'."<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2015_45-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Walsh comments that it is significant that at this moment, Arwen calls him Estel, his childhood name, which meant "Hope" or "Trust"; she has to trust his wisdom, and her own choice of love and death.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2015_45-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> That Aragorn was wise to choose his death as he did is confirmed, Walsh writes, by the "transformation" of his body after death, as it becomes permanently beautiful, reflecting the "essential goodness of his soul", in contrast to the death of the wizard <a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a>, who had turned to evil.<sup id="cite_ref-Walsh_2015_45-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Walsh_2015-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The scholar of English literature Catherine Madsen notes the reflection of mortality in the "fading" of Middle-earth from the enormous powers like <a href="/wiki/Morgoth" title="Morgoth">Morgoth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Elbereth" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbereth">Elbereth</a> that battled in the First Age. She writes that "Aragorn is a hero and a descendant of heroes, but he is brought up in hiding and given the name of Hope [Estel]; Arwen possesses the beauty of Lúthien, but she is born in the twilight of her people and her title is Evenstar; these two restore the original glories only for a little while, before the world is altered and 'fades into the light of common day'".<sup id="cite_ref-Madsen_2004_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Madsen_2004-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>f<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Rateliff, writing on the theme of the evocation of loss in Tolkien's works, describes the 'Gift of Men' as being "to accept loss and decay as essential parts of the world" and draws parallels with other writings by Tolkien: "The Elves cling to the past and so are swept away with it; in a fallen world, acceptance of the inevitability of death is the only way to pass beyond the world's limitations, for <a href="/wiki/Brendan_the_Navigator" title="Brendan the Navigator">Brendan</a> or <a href="/wiki/Niggle" class="mw-redirect" title="Niggle">Niggle</a> or Arwen."<sup id="cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rateliff_2006-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox" style="width: 300px; clear: right; float:right;margin:0 0 1.5em 1.5em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:115%">External videos</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="text-align: left"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="video icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/16px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/24px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg/32px-Nuvola_apps_kaboodle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/archive/release--jrr-tolkien/znd36v4">'Tolkien in Oxford'</a> In a 1968 BBC2 television documentary, Tolkien quoted the French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a>'s thoughts on death, describing the theme of the inevitability of death as key to his work. (timestamp: 22:07–23:15)<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_2018_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The medievalist and scholar of mythology <a href="/wiki/Verlyn_Flieger" title="Verlyn Flieger">Verlyn Flieger</a> wrote that neither the Elves nor anybody else knows where Men go to when they leave Middle-earth, and that the nearest Tolkien came to dealing with the question was in his essay <i><a href="/wiki/On_Fairy-Stories" title="On Fairy-Stories">On Fairy-Stories</a></i> "where, after speculating that since 'fairy-stories are made by men not by fairies', they must deal with what he called the Great Escape, the escape from death. He went on to the singular assertion that 'the Human-stories of the elves are doubtless full of the Escape from Deathlessness'."<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2005_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2005-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Flieger suggests that two of the "human stories" of Tolkien's Elves really focus on this kind of escape, the "Tale of Beren and Lúthien" and that of Aragorn and Arwen, where in both cases an elf makes her escape from deathlessness; though since Elves do not die, she questions whether the theme can be at once death and immortality.<sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_2005_49-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_2005-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Shippey comments that "the themes of the Escape from Death, and the Escape from Deathlessness, are vital parts of Tolkien's entire mythology."<sup id="cite_ref-IsaacsZimbardo2005_51-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IsaacsZimbardo2005-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a 1968 broadcast on BBC2, Tolkien quoted French philosopher <a href="/wiki/Simone_de_Beauvoir" title="Simone de Beauvoir">Simone de Beauvoir</a> and described the inevitability of death as the "key-spring of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>".<sup id="cite_ref-Lee_2018_48-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>g<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In their annotated and expanded edition of Tolkien's essay (<i>Tolkien On Fairy-stories</i>), Flieger and the textual scholar <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Douglas A. Anderson</a> provide commentary on 'the Escape from Deathlessness' passage, referencing Tolkien's views in a 1956 letter, that: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The real theme [of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i>] for me is .. Death and Immortality: the mystery of the love of the world in the hearts of a race [Men] 'doomed' to leave and seemingly lose it; the anguish in the hearts of a race [Elves] 'doomed' not to leave it, until its whole evil-aroused story is complete. But if you have now read <a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">Vol. III</a> and the story of Aragorn [and Arwen], you will have perceived that.<sup id="cite_ref-Letters_#186_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Letters_#186-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Flieger_Anderson_2008_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Flieger_Anderson_2008-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a></i> – a fan film that covers Aragorn's parents and childhood<sup id="cite_ref-Alberto_2016_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Alberto_2016-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/An%C3%ADron" class="mw-redirect" title="Aníron">Aníron</a> - a love theme in Elvish for Aragorn and Arwen, composed and sung for the soundtrack of <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)"><i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film trilogy</a><sup id="cite_ref-Mathijs_2006_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Mathijs_2006-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><i>The Loss and the Silence</i> – a string quartet musical composition by <a href="/wiki/Ezequiel_Vi%C3%B1ao" title="Ezequiel Viñao">Ezequiel Viñao</a> that is titled with a quote from the tale<sup id="cite_ref-56" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The foreword to the 1968 edition ends with the following note: "This one-volume, paperback edition of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> contains the complete text of the revised edition of 1966. The index and all but one of the numerous appendices have been omitted. Though they contain much information that has proved very interesting to many readers, only a small part is necessary to the reading of the tale. They may still be found in the standard hardback edition where they occupy the last 130 pages of <i>The Return of the King</i>."<sup id="cite_ref-1968_edition_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1968_edition-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Examples of translations of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> that were published with the only appendix being the "Tale of Aragorn and Arwen" include the French translation of 1972–3 (<i>Le Seigneur des anneaux</i>, Paris, Christian Bourgois), the Italian translation of 1970 (<i>Il signore degli anelli</i>, Milan, Rusconi), and the Spanish translation of 1977-1980 (<i>El señor de los anillos</i>, Barcelona, Ediciones Minotauro).<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As described by Christopher Tolkien: "The original [handwritten] manuscript pages in which my father first set down this inspired passage are preserved. He wrote them so fast that without the later [typescript] text scarcely a word would be interpretable."<sup id="cite_ref-Peoples_9-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Peoples-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>T 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The narrative voice and the register shifts in the tale are covered further in a paper prompted by Barkley's article. In her close analysis of the tale, Helen Armstrong examines the implications of one of the narrators of the tale being Arwen as she related the story after Aragorn's death.<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_1998_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_1998-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The scholar of Germanic studies <a href="/wiki/Sandra_Ballif_Straubhaar" title="Sandra Ballif Straubhaar">Sandra Ballif Straubhaar</a>, in her analysis of a scene from this tale, gives another example of material being adapted for use in the Peter Jackson films. Straubhaar notes that the last words of Aragorn's mother Gilraen to her son feature twice, firstly carved on her gravestone, and secondly quoted by Elrond and Aragorn before the Paths of the Dead sequence.<sup id="cite_ref-Straubhaar_2005_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Straubhaar_2005-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Madsen is here quoting from <a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Ode_on_Intimations_of_Immortality_from_Recollections_of_Early_Childhood" class="mw-redirect" title="Ode on Intimations of Immortality from Recollections of Early Childhood">Ode on Intimations of Immortality</a></i>, line 76.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">As described by Armstrong (1998) and Lee (2018), Tolkien stated: "human stories [are] always about one thing aren't they? Death: the inevitability of death" and then pulled a newspaper cutting from his pocket and read out the following quote from de Beauvoir's <i>A Very Easy Death</i> (1964): "There is no such thing as a natural death. Nothing that happens to man is ever natural, since his presence calls the whole world into question. All men must die, but for every man his death is an accident, and even if he knows it and consents to it, an unjustifiable violation."<sup id="cite_ref-Armstrong_1998_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Armstrong_1998-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Lee_2018_48-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lee_2018-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Primary">Primary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Primary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-RoTK-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RoTK_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1955" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1955). "Appendix A: Annals of the Kings and Rulers: I The Númenórean Kings: (v) Here follows a part of the tale of Aragorn and Arwen". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A%3A+Annals+of+the+Kings+and+Rulers%3A+I+The+N%C3%BAmen%C3%B3rean+Kings%3A+%28v%29+Here+follows+a+part+of+the+tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen&rft.btitle=The+Return+of+the+King&rft.date=1955&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1968_edition-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1968_edition_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1968" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1968). "Foreword". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. London: <a href="/wiki/George_Allen_%26_Unwin" class="mw-redirect" title="George Allen & Unwin">George Allen & Unwin</a>. p. 10. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-048-23087-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-048-23087-1"><bdi>0-048-23087-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Foreword&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.place=London&rft.pages=10&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1968&rft.isbn=0-048-23087-1&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peoples-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Peoples_9-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peoples_9-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peoples_9-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Peoples_9-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1996" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1996). "The Making of Appendix A: (II) The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen". In <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. 262–270. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0261103481" title="Special:BookSources/978-0261103481"><bdi>978-0261103481</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Making+of+Appendix+A%3A+%28II%29+The+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen&rft.btitle=The+Peoples+of+Middle-earth&rft.pages=262-270&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0261103481&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shire_Records-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shire_Records_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> "Prologue: Note on the Shire Records". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i>. <q>The Thain's Book was thus the first copy made of the Red Book and contained much that was later omitted or lost. In Minas Tirith it received much annotation, and many corrections, especially of names, words and quotations in the Elvish languages; and there was added to it an abbreviated version of those parts of The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen which lie outside the account of the War. The full tale is stated to have been written by Barahir, grandson of the Steward Faramir, some time after the passing of the King.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Prologue%3A+Note+on+the+Shire+Records&rft.btitle=The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Tale-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Tale_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tale_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tale_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tale_16-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Tale_16-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> "Appendix A: The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+A%3A+The+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letters_#142-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Letters_#142_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. #142 to R. Murray SJ, December 1953. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%23142+to+R.+Murray+SJ%2C+December+1953&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letters_#181-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Letters_#181_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. #181 to Michael Straight, January or February 1956. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%23181+to+Michael+Straight%2C+January+or+February+1956&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Letters_#186-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Letters_#186_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Letters_#186_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarpenter2023" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Humphrey_Carpenter" title="Humphrey Carpenter">Carpenter, Humphrey</a>, ed. (2023) [1981]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a>: Revised and Expanded Edition</i>. New York: <a href="/wiki/Harper_Collins" class="mw-redirect" title="Harper Collins">Harper Collins</a>. #186, p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-35-865298-4"><bdi>978-0-35-865298-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Letters+of+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Revised+and+Expanded+Edition&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%23186%2C+p.+246&rft.pub=Harper+Collins&rft.date=2023&rft.isbn=978-0-35-865298-4&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-App_B-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-App_B_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-App_B_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> "Appendix B: The Tale of Years (Chronology of the Westlands)". <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix+B%3A+The+Tale+of+Years+%28Chronology+of+the+Westlands%29&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1954a" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1954a). <i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i>. Boston: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. Foreword to the Second Edition. "But I cordially dislike <a href="/wiki/Allegory" title="Allegory">allegory</a> in all its manifestations, and always have done so since I grew old and wary enough to detect its presence. I much prefer history, true or feigned, with its varied applicability to the thought and experience of readers.". <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/9552942">9552942</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Fellowship+of+the+Ring&rft.place=Boston&rft.series=%27%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27%27&rft.pages=Foreword+to+the+Second+Edition.+%22But+I+cordially+dislike+allegory+in+all+its+manifestations%2C+and+always+have+done+so+since+I+grew+old+and+wary+enough+to+detect+its+presence.+I+much+prefer+history%2C+true+or+feigned%2C+with+its+varied+applicability+to+the+thought+and+experience+of+readers.%22&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1954&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F9552942&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1993). "Part Four. Athrabeth Finrod ah Andreth". In <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Tolkien" title="Christopher Tolkien">Christopher Tolkien</a> (ed.). <i>Morgoth's Ring</i>. Boston & New York: <a href="/wiki/Houghton_Mifflin" class="mw-redirect" title="Houghton Mifflin">Houghton Mifflin</a>. pp. 303–366. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1" title="Special:BookSources/0-395-68092-1"><bdi>0-395-68092-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+Four.+Athrabeth+Finrod+ah+Andreth&rft.btitle=Morgoth%27s+Ring&rft.place=Boston+%26+New+York&rft.pages=303-366&rft.pub=Houghton+Mifflin&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-395-68092-1&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTolkien1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">Tolkien, J. R. R.</a> (1964). "<a href="/wiki/On_Fairy-Stories" title="On Fairy-Stories">On Fairy-Stories</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Tree_and_Leaf" title="Tree and Leaf">Tree and Leaf</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Allen_%26_Unwin" title="Allen & Unwin">George Allen & Unwin</a>. p. 59.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=On+Fairy-Stories&rft.btitle=Tree+and+Leaf&rft.pages=59&rft.pub=George+Allen+%26+Unwin&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=Tolkien&rft.aufirst=J.+R.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Secondary">Secondary</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Secondary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 28em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hammond_Scull_2006_p488_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammondScull2006" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Scull, Christina</a> (2006). <i><a href="/wiki/The_J.R.R._Tolkien_Companion_and_Guide" class="mw-redirect" title="The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide">The J.R.R. Tolkien Companion and Guide</a></i>. Vol. Chronology. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. p. 488. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-618-39113-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-618-39113-4"><bdi>978-0-618-39113-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+J.R.R.+Tolkien+Companion+and+Guide&rft.pages=488&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-618-39113-4&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Wayne+G.&rft.au=Scull%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-publication-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-publication_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-publication_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammondScull2005" class="citation book cs1">Hammond, Wayne G.; Scull, Christina (2005). <a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_A_Reader%27s_Companion" title="The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion"><i>The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion</i></a>. HarperCollins. p. 681. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-00-720907-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-00-720907-1"><bdi>978-0-00-720907-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+A+Reader%27s+Companion&rft.pages=681&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-00-720907-1&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Wayne+G.&rft.au=Scull%2C+Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammondAnderson1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Anderson, Douglas A.</a> (1993). <i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Descriptive_Bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography">J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography</a></i> (2002 ed.). Delaware and London: <a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Knoll Press">Oak Knoll Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Library">The British Library</a>. p. 142. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0938-76842-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0938-76842-5"><bdi>978-0938-76842-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+A+Descriptive+Bibliography&rft.place=Delaware+and+London&rft.pages=142&rft.edition=2002&rft.pub=Oak+Knoll+Press+and+The+British+Library&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0938-76842-5&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Wayne+G.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHammondAnderson1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Douglas_A._Anderson" title="Douglas A. Anderson">Anderson, Douglas A.</a> (1993). <i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_A_Descriptive_Bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography">J. R. R. Tolkien: A Descriptive Bibliography</a></i> (2002 ed.). Delaware and London: <a href="/wiki/Oak_Knoll_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Oak Knoll Press">Oak Knoll Press</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_British_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Library">The British Library</a>. pp. 389–410. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0938-76842-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0938-76842-5"><bdi>978-0938-76842-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+A+Descriptive+Bibliography&rft.place=Delaware+and+London&rft.pages=389-410&rft.edition=2002&rft.pub=Oak+Knoll+Press+and+The+British+Library&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=978-0938-76842-5&rft.aulast=Hammond&rft.aufirst=Wayne+G.&rft.au=Anderson%2C+Douglas+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pezzini_2018-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Pezzini_2018_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPezzini2018" class="citation journal cs1">Pezzini, Giuseppe (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk/bitstream/handle/10023/13159/Pezzini_2018_JIS_AuthorsofMiddleEarth_AAM.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y">"The authors of Middle Earth: Tolkien and the mystery of literary creation"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Journal of Inklings Studies</i>. <b>8</b> (1): 31–64. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3366%2Fink.2018.0003">10.3366/ink.2018.0003</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10023%2F13159">10023/13159</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2045-8797">2045-8797</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Inklings+Studies&rft.atitle=The+authors+of+Middle+Earth%3A+Tolkien+and+the+mystery+of+literary+creation&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=31-64&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10023%2F13159&rft.issn=2045-8797&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3366%2Fink.2018.0003&rft.aulast=Pezzini&rft.aufirst=Giuseppe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch-repository.st-andrews.ac.uk%2Fbitstream%2Fhandle%2F10023%2F13159%2FPezzini_2018_JIS_AuthorsofMiddleEarth_AAM.pdf%3Fsequence%3D1%26isAllowed%3Dy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barkley_1996-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Barkley_1996_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarkley1996" class="citation journal cs1">Barkley, Christine (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dc.swosu.edu/mythlore/vol21/iss2/38">"Point of View in Tolkien"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Mythlore" title="Mythlore">Mythlore</a></i>. <b>21</b> (2): 256–262.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mythlore&rft.atitle=Point+of+View+in+Tolkien&rft.volume=21&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=256-262&rft.date=1996&rft.aulast=Barkley&rft.aufirst=Christine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdc.swosu.edu%2Fmythlore%2Fvol21%2Fiss2%2F38&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Armstrong_1998-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_1998_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Armstrong_1998_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArmstrong1998" class="citation journal cs1">Armstrong, Helen (1998). "There Are Two People in This Marriage". <i><a href="/wiki/Mallorn_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mallorn (journal)">Mallorn</a></i>. <b>36</b>: 5–12.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Mallorn&rft.atitle=There+Are+Two+People+in+This+Marriage&rft.volume=36&rft.pages=5-12&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Armstrong&rft.aufirst=Helen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Capra_2022-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Capra_2022_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Capra_2022_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapra2022" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Capra, Elena Sofia (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thersites-journal.de/index.php/thr/article/view/209">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Orfeo out of Care"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i>Thersites</i>. 15 There and Back Again: Tolkien and the Greco–Roman World (eds. Alicia Matz and Maciej Paprocki). <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.34679%2FTHERSITES.VOL15.209">10.34679/THERSITES.VOL15.209</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Thersites&rft.atitle=%22Orfeo+out+of+Care%22&rft.volume=15+There+and+Back+Again%3A+Tolkien+and+the+Greco%E2%80%93Roman+World+%28eds.+Alicia+Matz+and+Maciej+Paprocki%29&rft.date=2022&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.34679%2FTHERSITES.VOL15.209&rft.aulast=Capra&rft.aufirst=Elena+Sofia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthersites-journal.de%2Findex.php%2Fthr%2Farticle%2Fview%2F209&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_18-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i> (Third ed.). Grafton (<a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>). pp. 229–230. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0261102750" title="Special:BookSources/978-0261102750"><bdi>978-0261102750</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=229-230&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Grafton+%28HarperCollins%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0261102750&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2001_Gilraen-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2001_Gilraen_20-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2001" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Shippey, Tom</a> (2001). <i>J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</i>. <a href="/wiki/HarperCollins" title="HarperCollins">HarperCollins</a>. pp. 177–179. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0261-10401-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0261-10401-3"><bdi>978-0261-10401-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%3A+Author+of+the+Century&rft.pages=177-179&rft.pub=HarperCollins&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0261-10401-3&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Amendt-Raduege_2018-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Amendt-Raduege_2018_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Amendt-Raduege_2018_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmendt-Raduege2018" class="citation book cs1">Amendt-Raduege, Amy (2018). <i>The Sweet and the Bitter: Death and Dying in J. R. R. Tolkien's </i>The Lord of the Rings<i><span></span></i>. <a href="/wiki/Kent_State_University_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Kent State University Press">Kent State University Press</a>. pp. 28–29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-60635-305-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-60635-305-9"><bdi>978-1-60635-305-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Sweet+and+the+Bitter%3A+Death+and+Dying+in+J.+R.+R.+Tolkien%27s+The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.pages=28-29&rft.pub=Kent+State+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-1-60635-305-9&rft.aulast=Amendt-Raduege&rft.aufirst=Amy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Walsh_2009-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Walsh_2009_22-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalsh2009" class="citation book cs1">Walsh, Chris (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=sVAoDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA243">"Refracted Light: Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings"</a>. In Baker, Brian (ed.). <i>Textual Revisions</i>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Chester" title="University of Chester">University of Chester</a>. pp. 243–244. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-908258-58-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-908258-58-8"><bdi>978-1-908258-58-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Refracted+Light%3A+Peter+Jackson%27s+The+Lord+of+the+Rings&rft.btitle=Textual+Revisions&rft.pages=243-244&rft.pub=University+of+Chester&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-1-908258-58-8&rft.aulast=Walsh&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DsVAoDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA243&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Porter2005-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Porter2005_23-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Porter2005_23-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2005" class="citation book cs1">Porter, Lynnette R. (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=28kHBc0mk7UC&pg=PA158"><i>Unsung Heroes of the Lord of the Rings: From the Page to the Screen</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Greenwood_Publishing_Group" title="Greenwood Publishing Group">Greenwood Publishing Group</a>. p. 158. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98521-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-98521-9"><bdi>978-0-275-98521-9</bdi></a>. <q>[In the film] <a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a> both present the most important <a href="/wiki/Coronation" title="Coronation">coronation</a> 'gifts' to Aragorn: his crown and his bride... Legolas leads the contingent of elves, who, seemingly to Aragorn's surprise, have arrived to present Arwen as a bride. Thus, [they] lead Aragorn into his two greatest roles—as king and as husband/bridegroom.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Unsung+Heroes+of+the+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+From+the+Page+to+the+Screen&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-275-98521-9&rft.aulast=Porter&rft.aufirst=Lynnette+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D28kHBc0mk7UC%26pg%3DPA158&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFimi2007" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Dimitra_Fimi" title="Dimitra Fimi">Fimi, Dimitra</a> (2007). "Tolkien and Old Norse Antiquity". In Clark, David; Phelpstead, Carl (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200226212500/https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d8c7/c29c5fa7e794e73861e1e1a0a9e4ceb6d878.pdf"><i>Old Norse Made New: Essays on the Post-Medieval Reception of Old Norse Literature and Culture</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Viking Society for Northern Research: University College London. pp. 84–99. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:163015967">163015967</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d8c7/c29c5fa7e794e73861e1e1a0a9e4ceb6d878.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 26 February 2020. <q>What is immediately obvious to the reader, then, is that Tolkien assigns to the <i>North</i> Kingdom of Gondor a crown that resembles the Crown of the <i>South</i> Kingdom of Egypt. Actually the two crowns look identical, save for the wings that the crown of Gondor has as an additional feature.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Tolkien+and+Old+Norse+Antiquity&rft.btitle=Old+Norse+Made+New%3A+Essays+on+the+Post-Medieval+Reception+of+Old+Norse+Literature+and+Culture&rft.pages=84-99&rft.pub=Viking+Society+for+Northern+Research%3A+University+College+London&rft.date=2007&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A163015967%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Fimi&rft.aufirst=Dimitra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpdfs.semanticscholar.org%2Fd8c7%2Fc29c5fa7e794e73861e1e1a0a9e4ceb6d878.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Workman_2014-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Workman_2014_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWorkman2014" class="citation book cs1">Workman, Sarah (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gfoDBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA87"><i>Female Valour Without Renown: Memory, Mourning and Loss at the Center of Middle-earth</i></a>. McFarland. pp. 87–88. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1763-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4766-1763-3"><bdi>978-1-4766-1763-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Female+Valour+Without+Renown%3A+Memory%2C+Mourning+and+Loss+at+the+Center+of+Middle-earth&rft.pages=87-88&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-4766-1763-3&rft.aulast=Workman&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DgfoDBAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA87&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span> <span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: </span><span class="cs1-visible-error citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">|work=</code> ignored (<a href="/wiki/Help:CS1_errors#periodical_ignored" title="Help:CS1 errors">help</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Straubhaar_2005-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Straubhaar_2005_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStraubhaar2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sandra_Ballif_Straubhaar" title="Sandra Ballif Straubhaar">Straubhaar, Sandra Ballif</a> (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://muse.jhu.edu/article/182573">"Gilraen's Linnod : Function, Genre, Prototypes"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Studies" title="Tolkien Studies">Tolkien Studies</a></i>. <b>2</b>: 235–244. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Ftks.2005.0032">10.1353/tks.2005.0032</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1547-3155">1547-3155</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:170378314">170378314</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Tolkien+Studies&rft.atitle=Gilraen%27s+Linnod+%3A+Function%2C+Genre%2C+Prototypes&rft.volume=2&rft.pages=235-244&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A170378314%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1547-3155&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Ftks.2005.0032&rft.aulast=Straubhaar&rft.aufirst=Sandra+Ballif&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmuse.jhu.edu%2Farticle%2F182573&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Gray_2009-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Gray_2009_29-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGray2009" class="citation book cs1">Gray, William (2009). "J. R. R. Tolkien and the Love of Faery". <i>Fantasy, Myth and the Measure of Truth : Tales of Pullman, Lewis, Tolkien, MacDonald and Hoffmann</i>. <a href="/wiki/Palgrave_Macmillan" title="Palgrave Macmillan">Palgrave Macmillan</a>. p. 102. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00505-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-230-00505-1"><bdi>978-0-230-00505-1</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/228503211">228503211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=J.+R.+R.+Tolkien+and+the+Love+of+Faery&rft.btitle=Fantasy%2C+Myth+and+the+Measure+of+Truth+%3A+Tales+of+Pullman%2C+Lewis%2C+Tolkien%2C+MacDonald+and+Hoffmann&rft.pages=102&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2009&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F228503211&rft.isbn=978-0-230-00505-1&rft.aulast=Gray&rft.aufirst=William&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shippey_2005_interlace-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Shippey_2005_interlace_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShippey2005" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Shippey" title="Tom Shippey">Shippey, Tom</a> (2005) [1982]. <i>The Road to Middle-Earth</i> (Third ed.). Grafton (HarperCollins). pp. 181–190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0261102750" title="Special:BookSources/978-0261102750"><bdi>978-0261102750</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Road+to+Middle-Earth&rft.pages=181-190&rft.edition=Third&rft.pub=Grafton+%28HarperCollins%29&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0261102750&rft.aulast=Shippey&rft.aufirst=Tom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Scull_2006-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Scull_2006_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFScull2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Scull, Christina</a> (2006). "What Did He Know and When Did He Know It? | Planning, Inspiration, and 'The Lord of the Rings'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; Scull, Christina (eds.). <i>The Lord of the Rings, 1954-2004 : Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder</i>. <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University_Press" title="Marquette University Press">Marquette University Press</a>. p. 107. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X"><bdi>0-87462-018-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/298788493">298788493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What+Did+He+Know+and+When+Did+He+Know+It%3F+%7C+Planning%2C+Inspiration%2C+and+%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%2C+1954-2004+%3A+Scholarship+in+Honor+of+Richard+E.+Blackwelder&rft.pages=107&rft.pub=Marquette+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F298788493&rft.isbn=0-87462-018-X&rft.aulast=Scull&rft.aufirst=Christina&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Bowman_2006-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Bowman_2006_34-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBowman2006" class="citation journal cs1">Bowman, Mary R. (October 2006). "The Story Was Already Written: Narrative Theory in "The Lord of the Rings"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>". <i>Narrative</i>. <b>14</b> (3): 272–293. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fnar.2006.0010">10.1353/nar.2006.0010</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20107391">20107391</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:162244172">162244172</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Narrative&rft.atitle=The+Story+Was+Already+Written%3A+Narrative+Theory+in+%22The+Lord+of+the+Rings%22&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=272-293&rft.date=2006-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A162244172%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20107391%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fnar.2006.0010&rft.aulast=Bowman&rft.aufirst=Mary+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rateliff_2006-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rateliff_2006_36-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRateliff2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">Rateliff, John D.</a> (2006). "<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>'And All the Days of Her Life Are Forgotten' | 'The Lord of the Rings' as Mythic Prehistory". In <a href="/wiki/Wayne_G._Hammond" title="Wayne G. Hammond">Hammond, Wayne G.</a>; <a href="/wiki/Christina_Scull" title="Christina Scull">Scull, Christina</a> (eds.). <i>The Lord of the Rings, 1954-2004 : Scholarship in Honor of Richard E. Blackwelder</i>. <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University_Press" title="Marquette University Press">Marquette University Press</a>. pp. 67–100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X"><bdi>0-87462-018-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/298788493">298788493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=%27And+All+the+Days+of+Her+Life+Are+Forgotten%27+%7C+%27The+Lord+of+the+Rings%27+as+Mythic+Prehistory&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%2C+1954-2004+%3A+Scholarship+in+Honor+of+Richard+E.+Blackwelder&rft.pages=67-100&rft.pub=Marquette+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F298788493&rft.isbn=0-87462-018-X&rft.aulast=Rateliff&rft.aufirst=John+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKocher1974" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Paul_H._Kocher" title="Paul H. 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Penguin Books. pp. 14–15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0140038779" title="Special:BookSources/0140038779"><bdi>0140038779</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Master+of+Middle-earth%3A+The+Achievement+of+J.R.R.+Tolkien&rft.pages=14-15&rft.pub=Penguin+Books&rft.date=1974&rft.isbn=0140038779&rft.aulast=Kocher&rft.aufirst=Paul+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Burns_2006-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Burns_2006_38-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurns2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Marjorie_Burns" title="Marjorie Burns">Burns, Marjorie</a> (2006). 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Blackwelder</i>. <a href="/wiki/Marquette_University_Press" title="Marquette University Press">Marquette University Press</a>. pp. 149–150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-87462-018-X"><bdi>0-87462-018-X</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/298788493">298788493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=King+and+Hobbit%3A+the+exalted+and+lowly+in+Tolkien%27s+created+worlds&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%2C+1954-2004+%3A+Scholarship+in+Honor+of+Richard+E.+Blackwelder&rft.pages=149-150&rft.pub=Marquette+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F298788493&rft.isbn=0-87462-018-X&rft.aulast=Burns&rft.aufirst=Marjorie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-West_2006-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-West_2006_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West_2006_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West_2006_39-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-West_2006_39-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWest2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_C._West" title="Richard C. 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"Musical Middle Earth". In Mathijs, Ernest (ed.). <i>The Lord of the Rings: Popular Culture in Global Context</i>. <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-90476-482-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-90476-482-3"><bdi>978-1-90476-482-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musical+Middle+Earth&rft.btitle=The+Lord+of+the+Rings%3A+Popular+Culture+in+Global+Context&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-90476-482-3&rft.aulast=Donnelly&rft.aufirst=K.+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPincus2006" class="citation news cs1">Pincus, Andrew L. (4 July 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tloneditions.com/review_vinao_string_quartet_II_7_4_06.html">"Juilliard serves a musical stew"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Berkshire_Eagle" title="The Berkshire Eagle">The Berkshire Eagle</a></i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Berkshire+Eagle&rft.atitle=Juilliard+serves+a+musical+stew&rft.date=2006-07-04&rft.aulast=Pincus&rft.aufirst=Andrew+L.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tloneditions.com%2Freview_vinao_string_quartet_II_7_4_06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Tale+of+Aragorn+and+Arwen" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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Rings</a></i></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constructing_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Constructing The Lord of the Rings">Constructing <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">About</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Volumes <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Stories <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translating_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Translating The Lord of the Rings">Translating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_translations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="List of translations of The Lord of the Rings">List of translations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Translation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_into_Swedish" title="Translation of The Lord of the Rings into Swedish">Swedish</a></li></ul></li> <li>Reception <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fandom" title="Tolkien fandom">Fandom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxonmoot" title="Oxonmoot">Oxonmoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkienmoot" title="Tolkienmoot">Tolkienmoot</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/60px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="56" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/90px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d4/One_Ring_Blender_Render.png/120px-One_Ring_Blender_Render.png 2x" data-file-width="1945" data-file-height="1824" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_research" title="Tolkien research">Analysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Company_of_the_Ring" title="Company of the Ring">Company of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poetry_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Poetry in The Lord of the Rings">Poetry</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Elbereth_Gilthoniel" title="A Elbereth Gilthoniel">A Elbereth Gilthoniel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nam%C3%A1ri%C3%AB" title="Namárië">Namárië</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Song_of_E%C3%A4rendil" title="Song of Eärendil">Song of Eärendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Man_in_the_Moon_Stayed_Up_Too_Late" title="The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late">The Man in the Moon Stayed Up Too Late</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On_(song)" title="The Road Goes Ever On (song)">The Road Goes Ever On</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Walking_Song" title="A Walking Song">A Walking Song</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proverbs_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Proverbs in The Lord of the Rings">Proverbs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Addiction_to_power_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Addiction to power in The Lord of the Rings">Addiction to power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_race" title="Tolkien and race">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Sexuality in The Lord of the Rings">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Women in The Lord of the Rings">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Antiquarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_devices_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary devices in The Lord of the Rings">Techniques</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_pairing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Character pairing in The Lord of the Rings">Character pairing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_framing_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Editorial framing of The Lord of the Rings">Editorial framing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pseudotranslation_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Pseudotranslation in The Lord of the Rings">Pseudotranslation</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impression_of_depth_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Impression of depth in The Lord of the Rings">Impression of depth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_structure_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Narrative structure of The Lord of the Rings">Narrative structure</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Interlacing_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Interlacing in The Lord of the Rings">Interlacing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Storytelling_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Storytelling in The Lord of the Rings">Storytelling</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Pooh" title="Epic Pooh">Epic Pooh</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radagast" title="Radagast">Radagast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples#Free_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Free<br />peoples</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balin_(Middle-earth)" title="Balin (Middle-earth)">Balin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gimli_(Middle-earth)" title="Gimli (Middle-earth)">Gimli</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arwen" title="Arwen">Arwen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legolas" title="Legolas">Legolas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thranduil" title="Thranduil">Thranduil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Treebeard" title="Treebeard">Treebeard</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bilbo_Baggins" title="Bilbo Baggins">Bilbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frodo_Baggins" title="Frodo Baggins">Frodo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_Brandybuck" title="Merry Brandybuck">Merry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pippin_Took" title="Pippin Took">Pippin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samwise_Gamgee" title="Samwise Gamgee">Sam</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aragorn" title="Aragorn">Aragorn</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Boromir" title="Boromir">Boromir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denethor" title="Denethor">Denethor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faramir" title="Faramir">Faramir</a></li></ul></li> <li>of <a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89omer" title="Éomer">Éomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89owyn" title="Éowyn">Éowyn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9oden" title="Théoden">Théoden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gr%C3%ADma_Wormtongue" title="Gríma Wormtongue">Wormtongue</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">Monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrow-wight" title="Barrow-wight">Barrow-wight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nazg%C3%BBl" title="Nazgûl">Nazgûl</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Witch-king_of_Angmar" title="Witch-king of Angmar">Witch-king of Angmar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Man_Willow" title="Old Man Willow">Old Man Willow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shelob" title="Shelob">Shelob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warg" title="Warg">Wargs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watcher_in_the_Water" title="Watcher in the Water">Watcher in the Water</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">World</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Eriador <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Forest" title="Old Forest">Old Forest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Battles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Helm%27s_Deep" title="Battle of Helm's Deep">Helm's Deep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pelennor_Fields" title="Battle of the Pelennor Fields">Pelennor Fields</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Morannon" title="Battle of the Morannon">Morannon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Things</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliphaunt" title="Oliphaunt">Oliphaunts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantírs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phial_of_Galadriel" title="Phial of Galadriel">Phial of Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related<br />works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Errantry" title="Errantry">Errantry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fastitocalon_(poem)" title="Fastitocalon (poem)">Fastitocalon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sea-Bell" title="The Sea-Bell">The Sea-Bell</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">The History of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Adaptations_and_derivative_works" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Adaptations_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Adaptations of The Lord of the Rings">Adaptations</a> and <a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">derivative works</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Books</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bored_of_the_Rings" title="Bored of the Rings">Bored of the Rings</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Ringbearer" title="The Last Ringbearer">The Last Ringbearer</a></i> (1999)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muddle_Earth" title="Muddle Earth">Muddle Earth</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Illustrations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbara_Remington" title="Barbara Remington">Barbara Remington</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theatre</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fellowship!" title="Fellowship!">Fellowship!</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(musical)" title="Lord of the Rings (musical)">Lord of the Rings</a></i> (2006)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Music_Inspired_by_Lord_of_the_Rings_(Bo_Hansson_album)" title="Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings (Bo Hansson album)">Music Inspired by Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Led_Zeppelin" title="Led Zeppelin">Led Zeppelin</a> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ramble_On" title="Ramble On">Ramble On</a>" (1969)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Misty_Mountain_Hop" title="Misty Mountain Hop">Misty Mountain Hop</a>" (1971)</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Battle_of_Evermore" title="The Battle of Evermore">The Battle of Evermore</a>" (1971)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Radio</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1955_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1955 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a>, 1955)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1979_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1979 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a>, 1979)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hordes_of_the_Things_(radio_series)" title="Hordes of the Things (radio series)">Hordes of the Things</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1981_radio_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1981 radio series)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (BBC, 1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Der_Herr_der_Ringe" title="Der Herr der Ringe">Der Herr der Ringe</a></i> (1992)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animated</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(1978_film)" title="The Lord of the Rings (1978 film)">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bakshi" title="Ralph Bakshi">Bakshi</a>, 1978)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King_(1980_film)" title="The Return of the King (1980 film)">The Return of the King</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Rankin/Bass_Animated_Entertainment" title="Rankin/Bass Animated Entertainment">Rankin/Bass</a>, 1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_War_of_the_Rohirrim" title="The Lord of the Rings: The War of the Rohirrim">The War of the Rohirrim</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(film_series)" title="The Lord of the Rings (film series)">Peter Jackson<br />series</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i> (2002)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> (2003)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Concerning_Hobbits" title="Concerning Hobbits">Concerning Hobbits</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Into_the_West_(song)" title="Into the West (song)">Into the West</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/May_It_Be" title="May It Be">May It Be</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approach</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Production_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Production of The Lord of the Rings film series">Production</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hobbiton_Movie_Set" title="Hobbiton Movie Set">Hobbiton Movie Set</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Jackson%27s_interpretation_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Peter Jackson's interpretation of The Lord of the Rings">Peter Jackson's interpretation</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_on_Film" title="Tolkien on Film">Tolkien on Film</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sagan_om_ringen_(1971_film)" title="Sagan om ringen (1971 film)">Sagan om ringen</a></i> (1971)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khraniteli" title="Khraniteli">Khraniteli</a></i> (1991)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hobitit" title="Hobitit">Hobitit</a></i> (1993)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">The Rings of Power</a></i> (2022) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">music</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fan-made</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hunt_for_Gollum" title="The Hunt for Gollum">The Hunt for Gollum</a></i> (2009)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Born_of_Hope" title="Born of Hope">Born of Hope</a></i> (2009)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Journey_to_Rivendell" title="The Lord of the Rings: Journey to Rivendell">Journey to Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings:_Game_One" title="Lord of the Rings: Game One">Game One</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shadows_of_Mordor" title="Shadows of Mordor">Game Two: Shadows of Mordor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_in_Middle_Earth" title="War in Middle Earth">War in Middle Earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1990_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1990 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (1990)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._I_(1994_video_game)" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. I (1994 video game)"><i>Vol. I</i> (SNES)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien%27s_Riders_of_Rohan" title="J. R. R. Tolkien's Riders of Rohan">Riders of Rohan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elendor" title="Elendor">Elendor</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J.R.R._Tolkien%27s_The_Lord_of_the_Rings,_Vol._II:_The_Two_Towers" title="J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings, Vol. II: The Two Towers"><i>Vol. II: The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring (video game)"><i>The Fellowship of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Two_Towers_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Two Towers (video game)"><i>The Two Towers</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King_(video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King (video game)"><i>The Return of the King</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: War of the Ring"><i>War of the Ring</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age"><i>The Third Age</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Third_Age_(Game_Boy_Advance_video_game)" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Third Age (Game Boy Advance video game)">Game Boy Advance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Tactics" title="The Lord of the Rings: Tactics"><i>Tactics</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II"><i>The Battle for Middle-earth II</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Battle_for_Middle-earth_II:_The_Rise_of_the_Witch-king" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Battle for Middle-earth II: The Rise of the Witch-king"><i>The Rise of the Witch-king</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Conquest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Conquest"><i>Conquest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Aragorn%27s_Quest" title="The Lord of the Rings: Aragorn's Quest"><i>Aragorn's Quest</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_War_in_the_North" title="The Lord of the Rings: War in the North"><i>War in the North</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_(video_game)" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings (video game)"><i>Lego The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guardians_of_Middle-earth" title="Guardians of Middle-earth">Guardians of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_Mordor" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of Mordor"><i>Shadow of Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth:_Shadow_of_War" title="Middle-earth: Shadow of War"><i>Shadow of War</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Gollum" title="The Lord of the Rings: Gollum"><i>Gollum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_Return_to_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings: Return to Moria"><i>Return to Moria</i></a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online" title="The Lord of the Rings Online">The Lord of the Rings Online</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mines_of_Moria" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mines of Moria"><i>Mines of Moria</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Siege_of_Mirkwood" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Siege of Mirkwood"><i>Siege of Mirkwood</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Rise_of_Isengard" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Rise of Isengard"><i>Rise of Isengard</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Riders_of_Rohan" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Riders of Rohan"><i>Riders of Rohan</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Helm%27s_Deep" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Helm's Deep"><i>Helm's Deep</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Mordor" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Mordor"><i>Mordor</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Minas_Morgul" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Minas Morgul"><i>Minas Morgul</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_War_of_Three_Peaks" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: War of Three Peaks"><i>War of Three Peaks</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Fate_of_Gundabad" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Fate of Gundabad"><i>Fate of Gundabad</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Online:_Before_the_Shadow" title="The Lord of the Rings Online: Before the Shadow"><i>Before the Shadow</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Tabletop role-<br />playing games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Role_Playing" title="Middle-earth Role Playing">Middle-earth Role Playing</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Roleplaying_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game">The Lord of the Rings Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_One_Ring_Roleplaying_Game" title="The One Ring Roleplaying Game">The One Ring Roleplaying Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_in_Middle-earth" title="Adventures in Middle-earth">Adventures in Middle-earth</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Board games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle_Earth_(board_game)" title="Middle Earth (board game)">Middle Earth</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(SPI_game)" title="War of the Ring (SPI game)">War of the Ring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor:_The_Siege_of_Minas_Tirith" title="Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith">Gondor: The Siege of Minas Tirith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron_(game)" title="Sauron (game)">Sauron</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lord_of_the_Rings_(board_game)" title="Lord of the Rings (board game)">Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Ring_(board_game)" title="War of the Ring (board game)">War of the Ring</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Card games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Collectible_Card_Game" title="Middle-earth Collectible Card Game">Middle-earth Collectible Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings_Trading_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game">The Lord of the Rings Trading Card Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Card_Game" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game">The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other games</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Strategy_Battle_Game" title="Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game">Middle-earth Strategy Battle Game</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lego_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Lego The Lord of the Rings">Lego The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Middle-earth" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Middle-earth" title="Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Middle-earth" title="Template talk:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Middle-earth"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Middle-earth" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth" title="Middle-earth">Middle-earth</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien" title="J. R. R. Tolkien">J. R. R. Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_bibliography" title="J. R. R. Tolkien bibliography">Bibliography</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_canon" title="Middle-earth canon">Canon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Tolkien's legendarium">Legendarium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Middle-earth" title="Outline of Middle-earth">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">In Tolkien's<br />lifetime</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hobbit" title="The Hobbit">The Hobbit</a></i> (1937)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1954-55) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Fellowship of the Ring">The Fellowship of the Ring</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Shadow_of_the_Past" title="The Shadow of the Past">The Shadow of the Past</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Council_of_Elrond" title="The Council of Elrond">The Council of Elrond</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Two_Towers" title="The Two Towers">The Two Towers</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Return of the King">The Return of the King</a></i> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Scouring_of_the_Shire" title="The Scouring of the Shire">The Scouring of the Shire</a>"</li> <li>"<a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Tale of Aragorn and Arwen</a>"</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Tom_Bombadil" title="The Adventures of Tom Bombadil">The Adventures of Tom Bombadil</a></i> (1962)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Posthumous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Silmarillion" title="The Silmarillion">The Silmarillion</a></i> (1977) <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Ainulindal%C3%AB" title="Ainulindalë">Ainulindalë</a>"</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Unfinished_Tales" title="Unfinished Tales">Unfinished Tales</a></i> (1980)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Letters_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Letters of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i> (1981)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bilbo%27s_Last_Song" title="Bilbo's Last Song">Bilbo's Last Song</a></i> (1990)</li> <li>The three "Great Tales" <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Children_of_H%C3%BArin" title="The Children of Húrin">The Children of Húrin</a></i> (2007)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Beren_and_L%C3%BAthien" title="Beren and Lúthien">Beren and Lúthien</a></i> (2017)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Gondolin" title="The Fall of Gondolin">The Fall of Gondolin</a></i> (2018)</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_N%C3%BAmenor" title="The Fall of Númenor">The Fall of Númenor</a></i> (2022)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">History of<br />composition</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="The History of Middle-earth">History of<br />Middle-earth</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>[1–2] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Book_of_Lost_Tales" title="The Book of Lost Tales">The Book of Lost Tales</a></i> (1983–84) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%C3%86lfwine_(Tolkien)" title="Ælfwine (Tolkien)">Ælfwine</a></li></ul></li> <li>[3] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lays_of_Beleriand" title="The Lays of Beleriand">The Lays of Beleriand</a></i> (1985)</li> <li>[4] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Shaping_of_Middle-earth" title="The Shaping of Middle-earth">The Shaping of Middle-earth</a></i> (1986)</li> <li>[5] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Road_and_Other_Writings" title="The Lost Road and Other Writings">The Lost Road and Other Writings</a></i> (1987) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Etymologies_(Tolkien)" title="The Etymologies (Tolkien)">The Etymologies</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lhammas" title="Lhammas">Lhammas</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[6–9] <i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="The History of The Lord of the Rings">The History of The Lord of the Rings</a></i> (1988–92) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Notion_Club_Papers" title="The Notion Club Papers">The Notion Club Papers</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>[10] <i><a href="/wiki/Morgoth%27s_Ring" title="Morgoth's Ring">Morgoth's Ring</a></i> (1993)</li> <li>[11] <i><a href="/wiki/The_War_of_the_Jewels" title="The War of the Jewels">The War of the Jewels</a></i> (1994)</li> <li>[12] <i><a href="/wiki/The_Peoples_of_Middle-earth" title="The Peoples of Middle-earth">The Peoples of Middle-earth</a></i> (1996)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_D._Rateliff" title="John D. Rateliff">John D. Rateliff</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_History_of_The_Hobbit" title="The History of The Hobbit">The History of The Hobbit</a></i> (2007)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_F._Hostetter" title="Carl F. Hostetter">Carl F. Hostetter</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_of_Middle-earth" title="The Nature of Middle-earth">The Nature of Middle-earth</a></i> (2021)</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Arda" title="History of Arda">Fictional<br />universe</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_peoples" title="Middle-earth peoples">Peoples</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_monsters" title="Tolkien's monsters">monsters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ainur_in_Middle-earth" title="Ainur in Middle-earth">Ainur</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maiar" title="Maiar">Maiar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Balrog" title="Balrog">Balrogs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wizards_in_Middle-earth" title="Wizards in Middle-earth">Wizards</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valar" title="Valar">Valar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragons_in_Middle-earth" title="Dragons in Middle-earth">Dragons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancalagon_the_Black" title="Ancalagon the Black">Ancalagon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smaug" title="Smaug">Smaug</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dwarves_in_Middle-earth" title="Dwarves in Middle-earth">Dwarves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagles_in_Middle-earth" title="Eagles in Middle-earth">Eagles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elves_in_Middle-earth" title="Elves in Middle-earth">Elves</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Half-elf" title="Half-elf">Half-elven</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Noldor" title="Noldor">Noldor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sundering_of_the_Elves" title="Sundering of the Elves">Sundering</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ent" title="Ent">Ents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobbit" title="Hobbit">Hobbits</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_in_Middle-earth" title="Men in Middle-earth">Men</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beorn" title="Beorn">Beornings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr%C3%BAedain" title="Drúedain">Drúedain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D%C3%BAnedain" title="Dúnedain">Dúnedain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orc" title="Orc">Orcs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trolls_in_Middle-earth" title="Trolls in Middle-earth">Trolls</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_Middle-earth_characters" title="List of Middle-earth characters">Characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Celebrimbor" title="Celebrimbor">Celebrimbor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E%C3%A4rendil_and_Elwing" title="Eärendil and Elwing">Eärendil and Elwing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elendil" title="Elendil">Elendil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F%C3%ABanor" title="Fëanor">Fëanor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fingolfin" title="Fingolfin">Fingolfin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finw%C3%AB_and_M%C3%ADriel" title="Finwë and Míriel">Finwë and Míriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gil-galad" title="Gil-galad">Gil-galad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H%C3%BArin" title="Húrin">Húrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isildur" title="Isildur">Isildur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BAthien_and_Beren" title="Lúthien and Beren">Lúthien and Beren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melian_(Middle-earth)" title="Melian (Middle-earth)">Melian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morgoth" title="Morgoth">Morgoth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thingol" title="Thingol">Thingol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuor_and_Idril" title="Tuor and Idril">Tuor and Idril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%BArin_Turambar" title="Túrin Turambar">Túrin Turambar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ungoliant" title="Ungoliant">Ungoliant</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Elrond" title="Elrond">Elrond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galadriel" title="Galadriel">Galadriel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandalf" title="Gandalf">Gandalf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glorfindel" title="Glorfindel">Glorfindel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goldberry" title="Goldberry">Goldberry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gollum" title="Gollum">Gollum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saruman" title="Saruman">Saruman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauron" title="Sauron">Sauron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Bombadil" title="Tom Bombadil">Tom Bombadil</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Middle-earth" title="Geography of Middle-earth">Places</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>First and Second Ages <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beleriand" title="Beleriand">Beleriand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N%C3%BAmenor" title="Númenor">Númenor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valinor" title="Valinor">Valinor</a></li></ul></li> <li>Third Age <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bree_(Middle-earth)" title="Bree (Middle-earth)">Bree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esgaroth" title="Esgaroth">Esgaroth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gondor" title="Gondor">Gondor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harad" title="Harad">Harad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isengard" title="Isengard">Isengard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lonely_Mountain" title="Lonely Mountain">Lonely Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lothl%C3%B3rien" title="Lothlórien">Lothlórien</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirkwood" title="Mirkwood">Mirkwood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordor" title="Mordor">Mordor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moria,_Middle-earth" title="Moria, Middle-earth">Moria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivendell" title="Rivendell">Rivendell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohan,_Middle-earth" title="Rohan, Middle-earth">Rohan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shire" title="The Shire">The Shire</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bag_End" title="Bag End">Bag End</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Objects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mithril" title="Mithril">Mithril</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palant%C3%ADr" title="Palantír">Palantír</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Book_of_Westmarch" title="Red Book of Westmarch">Red Book of Westmarch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rings_of_Power" title="Rings of Power">Rings of Power</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/One_Ring" title="One Ring">One Ring</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silmarils" title="Silmarils">Silmarils</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two_Trees_of_Valinor" title="Two Trees of Valinor">Two Trees of Valinor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_weapons_and_armour_in_Middle-earth" title="List of weapons and armour in Middle-earth">List of weapons and armour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Analysis</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_antiquarianism" title="Tolkien and antiquarianism">Elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_artwork" title="Tolkien's artwork">Artwork</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_family_trees" title="Tolkien's Middle-earth family trees">Family trees</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heraldry_of_Middle-earth" title="Heraldry of Middle-earth">Heraldry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_constructed_by_Tolkien" title="Languages constructed by Tolkien">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%BBnaic" title="Adûnaic">Adûnaic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Speech" title="Black Speech">Black Speech</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elvish_languages_of_Middle-earth" title="Elvish languages of Middle-earth">Elvish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Quenya" title="Quenya">Quenya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sindarin" title="Sindarin">Sindarin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khuzdul" title="Khuzdul">Khuzdul</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valarin" title="Valarin">Valarin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westron" title="Westron">Westron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_maps" title="Tolkien's maps">Maps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_poetry" title="Tolkien's poetry">Tolkien's poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_scripts" title="Tolkien's scripts">Scripts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Themes_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Themes of The Lord of the Rings">Themes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anachronism_in_Middle-earth" title="Anachronism in Middle-earth">Anachronism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancestry_as_guide_to_character_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Ancestry as guide to character in Tolkien's legendarium">Ancestry as guide to character</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architecture_in_Middle-earth" title="Architecture in Middle-earth">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_Middle-earth" title="Christianity in Middle-earth">Christianity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmology_of_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Cosmology of Tolkien's legendarium">Cosmology</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_round_world_dilemma" title="Tolkien's round world dilemma">Round World dilemma</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_and_immortality_in_Middle-earth" title="Death and immortality in Middle-earth">Death and immortality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decline_and_fall_in_Middle-earth" title="Decline and fall in Middle-earth">Decline and fall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreams_and_visions_in_Middle-earth" title="Dreams and visions in Middle-earth">Dreams and visions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Middle-earth" title="Economy of Middle-earth">Economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/England_in_Middle-earth" title="England in Middle-earth">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmentalism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Environmentalism in The Lord of the Rings">Environmentalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evil_in_Middle-earth" title="Evil in Middle-earth">Evil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_War_and_Middle-earth" title="The Great War and Middle-earth">First World War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forests_in_Middle-earth" title="Forests in Middle-earth">Forests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_frame_stories" title="Tolkien's frame stories">Frame stories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hell_and_Middle-earth" title="Hell and Middle-earth">Hell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heroism_in_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Heroism in The Lord of the Rings">Heroism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_light_in_Tolkien%27s_legendarium" title="Christian light in Tolkien's legendarium">Light</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luck_and_fate_in_Middle-earth" title="Luck and fate in Middle-earth">Luck and fate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_in_Middle-earth" title="Magic in Middle-earth">Magic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mental_illness_in_Middle-earth" title="Mental illness in Middle-earth">Mental illness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_modernists" title="Tolkien and the modernists">Modernism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_moral_dilemma" title="Tolkien's moral dilemma">Moral dilemma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Middle-earth" title="Music of Middle-earth">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naming_of_weapons_in_Middle-earth" title="Naming of weapons in Middle-earth">Naming of weapons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_courage_in_Middle-earth" title="Northern courage in Middle-earth">Northern courage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Straight_Road" title="Old Straight Road">Old Straight Road</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paganism_in_Middle-earth" title="Paganism in Middle-earth">Paganism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plants_in_Middle-earth" title="Plants in Middle-earth">Plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psychological_journeys_of_Middle-earth" title="Psychological journeys of Middle-earth">Psychological journeys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quests_in_Middle-earth" title="Quests in Middle-earth">Quests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sound_and_language_in_Middle-earth" title="Sound and language in Middle-earth">Sound and language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_in_Tolkien%27s_fiction" title="Time in Tolkien's fiction">Time</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trees_in_Middle-earth" title="Trees in Middle-earth">Trees</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Literary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_impact_on_fantasy" title="Tolkien's impact on fantasy">Tolkien's impact on fantasy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Influences_on_Tolkien" title="Influences on Tolkien">Influences</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beowulf_and_Middle-earth" title="Beowulf and Middle-earth"><i>Beowulf</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Celtic influences on Tolkien">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_classical_world" title="Tolkien and the classical world">Classical world</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_influences_on_Tolkien" title="Finnish influences on Tolkien">Finnish language and literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_medieval" title="Tolkien and the medieval">Medieval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_modern_sources" title="Tolkien's modern sources">Modern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Norse" title="Tolkien and the Norse">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philology_and_Middle-earth" title="Philology and Middle-earth">Philology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare%27s_influence_on_Tolkien" title="Shakespeare's influence on Tolkien">Shakespeare</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_prose_style" title="Tolkien's prose style">Prose style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_ambiguity" title="Tolkien's ambiguity">Ambiguity</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_mythology_for_England" title="A mythology for England">A mythology for England</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Atlas_of_Middle-earth" title="The Atlas of Middle-earth">The Atlas of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Journeys_of_Frodo" title="Journeys of Frodo">Journeys of Frodo</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Map_of_Middle-earth" title="A Map of Middle-earth">A Map of Middle-earth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Adaptations,<br />legacy</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Illustrating_Middle-earth" title="Illustrating Middle-earth">Artists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Baynes" title="Pauline Baynes">Pauline Baynes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cor_Blok" title="Cor Blok">Cor Blok</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anke_Ei%C3%9Fmann" title="Anke Eißmann">Anke Eißmann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brothers_Hildebrandt" title="Brothers Hildebrandt">Brothers Hildebrandt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jenny_Dolfen" title="Jenny Dolfen">Jenny Dolfen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mary_Fairburn" title="Mary Fairburn">Mary Fairburn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_Giancola" title="Donato Giancola">Donato Giancola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Howe_(illustrator)" title="John Howe (illustrator)">John Howe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tove_Jansson" title="Tove Jansson">Tove Jansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Korotich" title="Alexander Korotich">Alexander Korotich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Lee_(illustrator)" title="Alan Lee (illustrator)">Alan Lee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Loback" title="Tom Loback">Tom Loback</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margrethe_II" title="Margrethe II">Margrethe II of Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ted_Nasmith" title="Ted Nasmith">Ted Nasmith</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Composers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bo_Hansson" title="Bo Hansson">Bo Hansson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johan_de_Meij" title="Johan de Meij">Johan de Meij</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._1_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Symphony No. 1 The Lord of the Rings">Symphony No. 1 <i>The Lord of the Rings</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Shore" title="Howard Shore">Howard Shore</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings_film_series" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings film series">Music of <i>The Lord of the Rings</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Hobbit_film_series" title="Music of The Hobbit film series">Music of <i>The Hobbit</i> film series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Rings_of_Power" title="Music of The Lord of the Rings: The Rings of Power">Music of <i>The Rings of Power</i> TV series</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blind_Guardian" title="Blind Guardian">Blind Guardian</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nightfall_in_Middle-Earth" title="Nightfall in Middle-Earth">Nightfall in Middle-Earth</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Settings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Donald_Swann" title="Donald Swann">Donald Swann</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_Goes_Ever_On" title="The Road Goes Ever On">The Road Goes Ever On</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_and_Songs_of_Middle_Earth" title="Poems and Songs of Middle Earth">Poems and Songs of Middle Earth</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Tolkien_Ensemble" title="The Tolkien Ensemble">The Tolkien Ensemble</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/An_Evening_in_Rivendell" title="An Evening in Rivendell">An Evening in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Night_in_Rivendell" title="A Night in Rivendell">A Night in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/At_Dawn_in_Rivendell" title="At Dawn in Rivendell">At Dawn in Rivendell</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Rivendell" title="Leaving Rivendell">Leaving Rivendell</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_Tolkien%27s_Middle-earth_writings" title="Impact of Tolkien's Middle-earth writings">Impact</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_Enterprises" title="Middle-earth Enterprises">Middle-earth Enterprises</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Works_inspired_by_Tolkien" title="Works inspired by Tolkien">Works inspired by Tolkien</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_fan_fiction" title="Tolkien fan fiction">Fan fiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_motion_pictures" title="Middle-earth in motion pictures">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_Calendars" title="Tolkien Calendars">Calendars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle-earth_in_video_games" title="Middle-earth in video games">Video games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_things_named_after_J._R._R._Tolkien_and_his_works" title="List of things named after J. R. R. Tolkien and his works">Things named after Tolkien and his works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Literary_reception_of_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Literary reception of The Lord of the Rings">Literary<br />criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Complete_Guide_to_Middle-earth" title="The Complete Guide to Middle-earth">The Complete Guide to Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Companion_to_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien">A Companion to J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Interrupted_Music" title="Interrupted Music">Interrupted Music</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Master_of_Middle-Earth" title="Master of Middle-Earth">Master of Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picturing_Tolkien" title="Picturing Tolkien">Picturing Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Question_of_Time_(book)" title="A Question of Time (book)">A Question of Time</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien:_Author_of_the_Century" title="J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century">J. R. R. Tolkien: Author of the Century</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_J._R._R._Tolkien_Companion_and_Guide" title="The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide">The J. R. R. Tolkien Companion and Guide</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/J._R._R._Tolkien_Encyclopedia" title="J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia">J. R. R. Tolkien Encyclopedia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_A_Reader%27s_Companion" title="The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion">The Lord of the Rings: A Reader's Companion</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Perilous_Realms" title="Perilous Realms">Perilous Realms</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Road_to_Middle-Earth" title="The Road to Middle-Earth">The Road to Middle-Earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Splintered_Light" title="Splintered Light">Splintered Light</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Invention_of_Myth" title="Tolkien and the Invention of Myth">Tolkien and the Invention of Myth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Art:_%27A_Mythology_for_England%27" title="Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'">Tolkien's Art: 'A Mythology for England'</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_A_Look_Behind_The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings">Tolkien: A Look Behind The Lord of the Rings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/A_Tolkien_Compass" title="A Tolkien Compass">A Tolkien Compass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien:_Maker_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth">Tolkien: Maker of Middle-earth</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien,_Race_and_Cultural_History" title="Tolkien, Race and Cultural History">Tolkien, Race and Cultural History</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien%27s_Legendarium:_Essays_on_The_History_of_Middle-earth" title="Tolkien's Legendarium: Essays on The History of Middle-earth">Tolkien's Legendarium</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolkien_and_the_Great_War" title="Tolkien and the Great War">Tolkien and the Great War</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Worlds_of_J._R._R._Tolkien" title="The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien">The Worlds of J. R. R. Tolkien</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Ring_of_Words:_Tolkien_and_the_Oxford_English_Dictionary" title="The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary">The Ring of Words: Tolkien and the Oxford English Dictionary</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&oldid=1250084373">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Tale_of_Aragorn_and_Arwen&oldid=1250084373</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:The_Lord_of_the_Rings" title="Category:The Lord of the Rings">The Lord of the Rings</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_short_stories" title="Category:British short stories">British short stories</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1955_short_stories" title="Category:1955 short stories">1955 short stories</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1:_long_volume_value" title="Category:CS1: long volume value">CS1: long volume value</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_errors:_periodical_ignored" title="Category:CS1 errors: periodical ignored">CS1 errors: periodical ignored</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Good_articles" title="Category:Good articles">Good articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_April_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from April 2022">Use dmy dates from April 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_British_English_from_May_2022" title="Category:Use British English from May 2022">Use British English from May 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Middle_English_(1100-1500)-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text">Articles containing Middle English (1100-1500)-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 8 October 2024, at 11:38<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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