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.vn-container{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;height:3rem;margin:0 auto;max-width:77.5rem;z-index:1}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container{height:4.6875rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{max-width:100%}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-container.lite{height:3.5rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#fff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:100%;line-height:1;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:1.166875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn:not(.lite){margin-right:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn i{font-size:2.25rem;width:2.25rem;overflow:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn svg{fill:currentColor;pointer-events:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-menu-btn.vn-search 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.vn-logo-container .vn-logo img:not(.lite){width:7.25rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:.875rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-logo img{height:1.4375rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-logo-container.with-program .vn-prog-logo img{height:1.5625rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links{background:#f9f9fc;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);left:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:left .5s ease;transition:left .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:100}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links{max-width:25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links:not(.lite){background:none;-webkit-box-orient:horizontal;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:row;flex-direction:row;height:100%;left:0;max-width:100%;overflow:visible;padding:0;position:relative;top:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open{left:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open.vn-slide-out{left:-100vw}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links.open.vn-slide-out{left:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper{display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;height:3rem;margin-bottom:.25rem;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:0;-ms-flex-order:-1;order:-1}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper:not(.lite){background:#fff;border:1px solid #c6cedb;border-radius:5px;opacity:0;-webkit-box-ordinal-group:2;-ms-flex-order:1;order:1;position:absolute;right:2.8125rem;top:.8125rem;width:38%;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease;visibility:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-search-wrapper:not(.lite).vn-open{visibility:visible;opacity:1}.vn-wrapper 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.vn-menu-section{left:0;opacity:1;visibility:visible}}@media(min-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-links-list:not(.lite)>li:not(:nth-child(7)){margin-right:1rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{background:#f9f9fc;height:calc(100vh - 3rem);right:-140vw;overflow:auto;padding:0 1.5rem 6.25rem 1.5rem;position:fixed;top:3rem;-webkit-transition:all .5s ease;transition:all .5s ease;width:100%;z-index:10}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.lite{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem);top:3.5rem}@media(min-width:37.5rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section{max-width:25rem;left:-140vw;right:auto}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{left:0;right:auto}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section.open{right:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:justify;-ms-flex-pack:justify;justify-content:space-between;padding:.75rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header h3{color:#1b1b1b;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1;margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a{color:#3557ff;font-weight:400;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section .vn-menu-section-header a img{margin-right:.5rem;width:.8125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul{margin:.75rem 0;list-style:none;padding:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li{font-size:1.125rem;font-weight:400}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a{color:#1b1b1b;display:block;padding:.75rem 0;text-decoration:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li a:hover{color:#3557ff}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section ul li hr{border:1px solid #c6cedb}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite){background:#fff;border-radius:0 0 5px 5px;border-top:0;left:-20px;margin-left:-3.75rem;max-width:none;height:auto;opacity:0;padding:1.875rem 2.875rem;position:absolute;top:4.6875rem;width:18.75rem;visibility:hidden}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) hr{display:none}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul{margin:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li{border-bottom:1px solid #c6cedb}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li:last-of-type{border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a{-webkit-box-align:baseline;-ms-flex-align:baseline;align-items:baseline;color:#3557ff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:start;-ms-flex-pack:start;justify-content:flex-start}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite) ul li.vn-see-all a img{height:.75rem;margin-right:.5rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{width:60.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul{-webkit-columns:4;-moz-columns:4;columns:4;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(7),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(14),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1 ul li:nth-child(21){border-bottom:0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3{width:35rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul{-webkit-columns:2;-moz-columns:2;columns:2;-webkit-column-gap:2.875rem;-moz-column-gap:2.875rem;column-gap:2.875rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(8),.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-3 ul li:nth-child(16){border-bottom:0}}@media(min-width:64rem)and (max-width:81.25rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-menu-section:not(.lite).hdr-site-1{margin-left:-8.75rem}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back{-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;cursor:pointer;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;padding:1rem 0}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-back i{font-size:.75rem;margin-right:.3125rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions{margin-top:1rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;border-left:1px solid #cccce7;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;margin:1.1875rem 0;padding-left:1.25rem}}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe{border-left:none}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:.9375rem}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions:not(.lite).no-subscribe .vn-signin{padding-left:0}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin{color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-signin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:1.0625rem;padding:0;margin:0 .9375rem;-webkit-transition:all .3s ease;transition:all .3s ease}}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin{background:none;border:0;color:#3557ff;font-weight:600;height:3rem;padding:0 1.5rem;text-decoration:none}@media(min-width:64rem){.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite){-webkit-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;color:#fff;display:-webkit-box;display:-ms-flexbox;display:flex;font-size:0;padding:0;margin:0 1.25rem}.vn-wrapper .vn-links .vn-actions .vn-loggedin:not(.lite):before{background:url(//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4bc92/client/img/person.59072d56.svg) 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Guide </a></li></ul></div></div><NoSsr data-v-022c3a2d></NoSsr></section></div><div class="webmd-row pane" style="" id="ContentPane30" tabindex="-1"><article class="article medref" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e4bc93" data-e2e="dart-medref" data-page="1" data-module-type="dynamic-article" data-artid="091e9c5e8023adb3" style=""><script type="application/ld+json"></script><script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https://schema.org/","@type":"MedicalWebPage","mainEntityOfPage":"https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/ostearthritis-of-the-knee-degenerative-arthritis-of-the-knee","lastReviewed":"06/30/2023 00:00:00","reviewedBy":{"@type":"Person","name":"David Zelman, MD"},"about":"Osteoarthritis","datePublished":"08/14/2008 20:00:00","headline":"Osteoarthritis of the Knee (Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee)","author":{"@type":"Person","name":""},"dateModified":"06/30/2023 00:00:00","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"WebMD","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/logos/webmd/web/webmd_logo_53x12.gif"}}}</script><div class="inner-article-container"><header><h1>Osteoarthritis of the Knee (Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee)</h1></header><div class="med-wrap"><div><div class="asset-med-rev"><div class="reviewer-info" data-chronicle="091e9c5e81e4bc93" data-e2e="asset-medical-review" data-metrics-module="rvdby-lnk"><span class="reviewer-photo-cont"><figure><img src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/vim/live/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/articles/biographies/zelman_david_382x382.jpg?resize=51px:51px&output-quality=75" class="reviewer-photo"></figure></span><span class="reviewer-txt seperatorLine">Medically Reviewed by <a class="person" href="https://www.webmd.com/bio/david-zelman" data-metrics-link="0">David Zelman, MD</a><span class="no-link"></span><span class="revDate"> on June 30, 2023</span></span></div><div class="byline"><span><span class="authors">Written by <a href="https://www.webmd.com/webmd-editorial-contributors" class="person" data-metrics-module="wrtnbyedit-lnk">WebMD Editorial Contributors</a></span></span></div></div></div></div><aside class="oncology-article-nav" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art"><ul class="nav-items desktop"><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-1-2">What Is Osteoarthritis?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-1-3">Who Gets Osteoarthritis of the Knee?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-2-4">What Causes Knee Osteoarthritis?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-2-5">What Are the Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis?</a><div class="item-button"><a href="#"></a></div></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-3-6">How Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Diagnosed?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-3-7">How Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Treated?</a></li><li><a href="#091e9c5e8023adb3-4-8">When Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis?</a></li><li class="item-button"></li></ul></aside><div class="reading-wrapper"><div class="readtime"><span>8 min read</span></div><div id="audio-placeholder-091e9c5e8023adb3"></div></div><div class="article__body" data-metrics-module="embd-lnk"><div class="article-page active-page" data-page="1"><section><p>While age is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knee, young people can get it, too. For some people, it may be hereditary. For others, osteoarthritis of the knee can result from injury or infection or even from being overweight. Here are answers to your questions about knee osteoarthritis, including how it's treated and what you can do at home to ease the pain.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-1-2">What Is Osteoarthritis?</h2><p>Osteoarthritis, commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis, is a condition in which the natural cushioning between joints – cartilage – wears away. When this happens, the bones of the joints rub more closely against one another with less of the shock-absorbing benefits of cartilage. The rubbing results in pain, swelling, stiffness, less ability to move, and, sometimes, the formation of bone spurs.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-1-3">Who Gets Osteoarthritis of the Knee?</h2><p>Osteoarthritis is the most common type of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/video/rippe-arthritis-any-age" data-crosslink-type="video">arthritis</a>. While it can occur even in young people, the chance of getting osteoarthritis rises after age 45. More than 32 million people in the U.S. have osteoarthritis, with the knee being one of the most commonly affected areas. Women are more likely to have osteoarthritis than men.</p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="2"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-2-4">What Causes Knee Osteoarthritis?</h2><p>The most common cause of osteoarthritis of the knee is age. Almost everyone will eventually have some degree of osteoarthritis. But several things increase the risk of having significant arthritis at an earlier age.</p><ul type="disc"><li><strong>Age</strong>. The ability of cartilage to heal decreases as a person gets older.</li><li>Weight. Weight increases pressure on all the joints, especially the knees. Every pound of <a href="https://www.webmd.com/obesity/healthy-weight" data-crosslink-type="article">weight</a> you gain adds 3 to 4 pounds of extra weight on your knees.</li><li><strong>Heredity</strong>. This includes genetic mutations that might make a person more likely to have osteoarthritis of the knee. It may also be due to inherited abnormalities in the shape of the bones that surround the knee joint.</li><li><strong>Gender</strong>. Women ages 55 and older are more likely than men to get osteoarthritis of the knee.</li><li><strong>Repetitive stress injuries</strong>. These are usually a result of the type of job a person has. People with certain occupations that include a lot of activity that can stress the joint, such as kneeling, squatting, or lifting heavy weights (55 pounds or more), are more likely to get osteoarthritis of the knee because of the constant pressure on the joint.</li><li><strong>Athletics</strong>. Athletes involved in soccer, tennis, or long-distance running may be at higher risk for osteoarthritis of the knee. That means athletes should take care to avoid injury. But it's important to note that regular moderate exercise strengthens joints and can decrease the risk of osteoarthritis. In fact, weak muscles around the knee can lead to osteoarthritis.</li><li><strong>Other illnesse</strong>s. People with <a href="https://www.webmd.com/rheumatoid-arthritis/rheumatoid-arthritis-basics">rheumatoid arthritis</a>, the second most common type of arthritis, are also more likely to get osteoarthritis. People with certain metabolic disorders, such as iron overload or excess growth hormone, also run a higher risk of osteoarthritis. </li></ul></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-2-5">What Are the Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis?</h2><p>Symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee may include:</p><ul type="disc"><li>Pain that increases when you are active, but gets a little better with rest</li><li>Swelling</li><li>Stiffness in the knee, especially in the morning or when you have been sitting for a while</li><li>Less mobility of the knee, making it hard to get in and out of chairs or cars, use the stairs, or walk</li><li>A creaking, crackly sound that is heard when the knee moves</li></ul></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="3"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-3-6">How Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Diagnosed?</h2><p>The diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis will begin with a <a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/annual-physical-examinations" data-crosslink-type="article" id="4de87a48-bb95-47cd-9316-24ec48e6a432">physical exam</a> by your doctor. Your doctor will also take your medical history and note any symptoms. Make sure to note what makes the pain worse or better to help your doctor determine if osteoarthritis, or something else, may be causing your pain. Also find out if anyone else in your family has arthritis. Your doctor may order more tests, including:</p><ul type="disc"><li>X-rays, which can show bone and cartilage damage as well as the presence of bone spurs</li><li>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans</li></ul><p>MRI scans may be ordered when X-rays do not give a clear reason for joint pain or when the X-rays suggest that other types of joint tissue could be damaged. Doctors may use <a href="https://www.webmd.com/heart/anatomy-picture-of-blood" data-crosslink-type="article" id="b49ece4b-b479-4ad3-ac75-2c37843a2716">blood</a> tests to rule out other conditions that could be causing the pain, such as rheumatoid arthritis, a different type of arthritis caused by a disorder in the immune system.</p></section><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-3-7">How Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Treated?</h2><p>The primary goals of treating osteoarthritis of the knee are to relieve the pain and make you more mobile. The treatment plan will typically include a combination of the following:</p><ul type="disc"><li><strong>Weight loss.</strong> Losing even a small amount of weight, if needed, can significantly decrease <a href="https://www.webmd.com/pain-management/knee-pain/default.htm" data-crosslink-type="article">knee pain</a> from osteoarthritis.</li><li><strong>Exercise.</strong> Strengthening the muscles around the knee makes the joint more stable and decreases pain. Stretching exercises help keep the knee joint mobile and flexible.</li><li><strong>Pain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. </strong>This includes over-the-counter choices such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium. Don't take over-the-counter medications for more than 10 days without checking with your doctor. Taking them for longer increases the chance of side effects. If over-the-counter medications don't provide relief, your doctor may give you a prescription anti-inflammatory drug or other medication to help ease the pain.</li><li><strong>Injections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid into the knee. </strong>Steroids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs. Hyaluronic acid is normally present in joints as a type of lubricating fluid.</li><li><strong>Alternative therapies</strong>. Some alternative therapies that may be effective include topical creams with capsaicin; acupuncture; or supplements, including glucosamine and chondroitin or SAMe.</li><li><strong>Using devices such as braces.</strong> There are two types of braces: "unloader" braces, which take the weight away from the side of the knee affected by arthritis; and "support" braces, which provide support for the entire knee.</li><li><strong>Physical and </strong><a href="https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/occupational-therapy" data-crosslink-type="article"><strong>occupational therapy</strong></a><strong>.</strong> If you are having trouble with daily activities, physical or occupational therapy can help. Physical therapists teach you ways to strengthen muscles and make your joints more flexible. Occupational therapists teach you ways to do regular, daily activities, such as housework, with less pain.</li><li><strong>Surgery.</strong> When other treatments don't work, surgery is a good option.</li></ul></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="4"><section><h2 class="jumplink-headers" id="091e9c5e8023adb3-4-8">When Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis?</h2><p>If your doctor wants to treat the osteoarthritis in the knee with surgery, the options are arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty.</p><ul type="disc"><li>Arthroscopy uses a small telescope (arthroscope) and other small instruments. The surgery is done through small cuts. The surgeon uses the arthroscope to see into the joint space. Once there, the surgeon can remove damaged cartilage or loose particles, clean the bone surface, and repair other types of tissue if damage is found. The procedure is often used on younger patients (ages 55 and younger) in order to delay more serious surgery.</li><li>An osteotomy is a procedure that aims to make the knee alignment better by changing the shape of the bones. This type of surgery may be recommended if you have damage mostly in one area of the knee. It might also be recommended if you have broken your knee and it has not healed well. An osteotomy is not permanent, and further surgery may be necessary later on.</li><li>Joint replacement surgery, or arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which joints are replaced with artificial parts made from metals or plastic. The replacement could involve one side of the knee or the entire knee. <a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/knee-replacement-surgery" id="bad9658e-4426-4958-bfae-19a5b22938d2;medical_reference">Joint replacement surgery</a> is usually reserved for people over age 50 with severe osteoarthritis. The surgery may need to be repeated later if the prosthetic joint wears out after several years. But with today's modern advancements, most new joints will last over 20 years. The surgery has risks, but the results are generally very good.</li></ul></section><section><pagebreak /> <p><span><strong>Latest teatments:</strong></span></p><p><span><strong>Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. </strong>In this treatment, your doctor takes a sample of your blood and spins it in a machine called a centrifuge to pull out your blood's platelets and plasma. When injected back into the joint, this super-concentrated mixture contains substances that could promote healing.</span></p><p><span>Even though they're popular with some high-profile athletes, PRP injections still aren’t proven, and the treatment formulations can vary a lot.</span></p><p><span>It is a treatment that is not recommended because of the lack of standard dosages and preparation.</span></p><p><span><strong>Mesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs. </strong>Your bone marrow makes these types of cells. They can grow into new tissues, including cartilage. By gathering these cells and injecting them into the knee joint, the hope is that they will give rise to new cartilage and reduce inflammation.</span></p></section></div><div class="article-page " data-page="5"><section> <p><span>It’s a hot area, with clinical trials going on. But most studies are still early.</span></p><p><span>A review published in 2016 in </span><i><span>BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders</span></i><span> concluded that MSC-based therapies offer an “exciting possibility” for treatment, but further studies need to work out how they can best be used and how well they work.</span></p></section><section> <p><span>Also, they're expensive.</span></p><p><span><strong>Bone marrow aspirate concentrate. </strong>This draws on the same concept as MSCs. Experts take cells from your body and use them to stimulate the healing process inside your knee.</span></p><p><span>The advantage is that bone marrow may be easier to obtain than MSCs, and it also contains other substances involved in promoting cartilage regrowth and calming </span><a href="https://www.webmd.com/arthritis/about-inflammation" id="e668d4b6-9f26-47e1-9fba-98f81ff20baf;medical_reference">inflammation</a><span>.</span></p><p><span>While still a new approach, a review in the</span><i><span> Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine</span></i><span> found “good to excellent overall outcomes” from 11 studies. The researchers noted that that some trials were tougher than others. So they recommended that the treatment be used cautiously since a lot is still unknown.</span></p><p><span><strong>Autologous cultured chondrocytes. </strong>This is a procedure to repair injuries that can lead to osteoarthritis. It involves collecting the cells that form cartilage from your own joints, growing the cells in a laboratory, and then injecting these cells into the knee.</span></p><p><span>Invented in Sweden in the 1980s, the method has become common in orthopedic practices. The FDA approved the latest generation in December 2016. Called Maci, it puts the cells inside a dissolvable scaffold – placed inside the knee – that’s designed to grow new cartilage.</span></p></section><section> <p><span>In a study of Maci involving 144 people, more than 87% of those who got Maci had improvement in symptoms over 2 years, compared with 68% who got a different cartilage-stimulating procedure called microfracture.</span></p><p><span><strong>Botox injections. </strong>Botulinum is a toxin made by the bacterium </span><i><span>Clostridium botulinum</span></i><span>. Because it can shut down nerve cells, doctors can use it to ease </span><a href="https://www.webmd.com/multiple-sclerosis/myoclonus-muscle-twitching" id="c7a0a5cb-3742-4810-a509-e6ebd185e84d;medical_reference">muscle spasms</a><span>.</span></p><p><span>Some doctors are trying botulinum to help treat joint pain. The theory is that it might permanently deaden nerves and offer relief. But it wouldn’t affect the knee’s structure.</span></p><p><span>Does it work? A review of 16 studies published in 2016 in the journal </span><i><span>Joint Bone Spine</span></i><span> found that the results were conflicting and the studies were too small to draw conclusions.</span></p><p><span><strong>Water-cooled radiofrequency ablation. </strong>This is another experimental procedure to treat pain. It aims to disable the nerves that are causing pain by heating them. “Water cooling” is a way to control the speed of warming. While it’s gotten a lot of publicity, studies so far are limited to small groups of people.</span> </p></section></div></div><div class="related-articles" data-metrics-module="cwnav-art" data-metrics-sel="li"><ul class="related-items"><span>RELATED ARTICLES:</span><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/ostearthritis-of-the-knee-degenerative-arthritis-of-the-knee">What Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis-knee-injuries">Knee Injuries and Osteoarthritis</a></li><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/knee-arthritis-treatment-advances">What's New in Knee Osteoarthritis Treatments?</a></li><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/osteoarthritis-knee-replacement-surgery">Knee Osteoarthritis: When to Consider Surgery</a></li><li><a href="https://www.webmd.com/osteoarthritis/knee-osteoarthritis-weight-loss">Osteoarthiritis and Weight Loss</a></li><li><a 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Loss","section_type":"","section_link":{"aspen_id":"945deb87-7709-44d3-b4b7-90bc2054c3e7","directive":"article","_chronic_id":"091e9c5e813832be","object_type":"medical_reference","link_friendlyUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fosteoarthritis\u002Fknee-osteoarthritis-weight-loss"}},{"section_title":"10 Quick Facts About Knee and Hip Osteoarthritis","section_type":"","section_link":{"aspen_id":"4c02e582-e7f0-440e-982f-55232a2c166a","directive":"article","_chronic_id":"091e9c5e80c614b9","object_type":"medical_reference","link_friendlyUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fosteoarthritis\u002Fknee-and-hip-oa-quick-facts"}}]}}}},"Mini_Guide_Article_Data":{"content_section":""}},"articleModule":{"module_settings":{"metadata_section":{"i_chronicle_id":"091e9c5e8023adb3","wbmd_publ":{"wbmd_publ_name":"WebMD Medical Reference Bundle"},"wbmd_archive_bool":"0","wbmd_c_channel_id":{"wbmd_disp_nm":"Osteoarthritis"},"wbmd_bus_ref":{"wbmd_disp_nm":"Medical 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All rights reserved."}},"wbmd_prim_med_revr":{"aspen_id":"829ae311-71fd-4acb-818a-adc91a191ec4","wbmd_first_nm":"David","wbmd_middle_name":"","wbmd_lst_nm":"Zelman","wbmd_person_prof_ttl":"","wbmd_bio_obj_id":{"directive":"friendlyurl","object_type":"wbmd_cons_article","chronic_id":"091e9c5e807e45b0","legacy_id":"091e9c5e807e45b0","link_friendlyurl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbio\u002Fdavid-zelman","content_section":{"cons_bio":{"title":"David Zelman, MD","bio_text":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp\u003EDavid Zelman, MD received his BA from Syracuse University, MD from SUNY Downstate Medical Center, and fellowship in rheumatology at LSU Medical Center. He is board certified in internal medicine and rheumatology and is a member of the American College of Rheumatology. His clinical practice has spanned 28 years with the last 16 as consultant rheumatologist for Kaiser Permanente in Atlanta. He has lectured in rheumatologic topics for Mercer University in Atlanta and at national meetings for Kaiser Permanente.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIn addition to systemic lupus, his interests include gout, osteoporosis, and RA.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"person_photo":{"directive":"imageurl","_chronic_id":"23a055ac-f94d-49e7-ba95-f8feeceb611d","path":"\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticles\u002Fbiographies\u002Fzelman_david_382x382.jpg","object_type":"wbmd_cons_img"},"related_links_header":"","related_links_text":{"#cdata-section":""}}}},"wbmd_person_suffix_group":{"wbmd_person_suffix":{"object_type":"wbmd_lookup","wbmd_lookup_type":"person_suffix","wbmd_storage_val":"48","wbmd_disp_nm":"MD"}},"name":"David Zelman, MD","photo":"https:\u002F\u002Fimg.lb.wbmdstatic.com\u002Fvim\u002Flive\u002Fwebmd\u002Fconsumer_assets\u002Fsite_images\u002Farticles\u002Fbiographies\u002Fzelman_david_382x382.jpg","bioUrl":"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fbio\u002Fdavid-zelman","intro":"","header":""},"wbmd_prim_revw_dt":"06\u002F30\u002F2023 00:00:00","wbmd_orig_pub_dt":"08\u002F14\u002F2008 20:00:00","wbmd_first_live_dt":"08\u002F15\u002F2008 01:00:00","wbmd_c_sec_med_revw_dt":"","wbmd_suppress_infinite":"0"}},"module_data":{"content_section":{"cons_health_ref":{"title":"Osteoarthritis of the Knee (Degenerative Arthritis of the Knee)","section_groups":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"1\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"1\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EWhile age is a major risk factor for osteoarthritis of the knee, young people can get it, too. For some people, it may be hereditary. For others, osteoarthritis of the knee can result from injury or infection or even from being overweight. Here are answers to your questions about knee osteoarthritis, including how it's treated and what you can do at home to ease the pain.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhat Is Osteoarthritis?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOsteoarthritis, commonly known as wear-and-tear arthritis, is a condition in which the natural cushioning between joints – cartilage – wears away. When this happens, the bones of the joints rub more closely against one another with less of the shock-absorbing benefits of cartilage. The rubbing results in pain, swelling, stiffness, less ability to move, and, sometimes, the formation of bone spurs.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWho Gets Osteoarthritis of the Knee?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EOsteoarthritis is the most common type of \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Farthritis\u002Fvideo\u002Frippe-arthritis-any-age\" crosslinktype=\"Video\"\u003Earthritis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E. While it can occur even in young people, the chance of getting osteoarthritis rises after age 45. More than 32 million people in the U.S. have osteoarthritis, with the knee being one of the most commonly affected areas. Women are more likely to have osteoarthritis than men.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"2\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhat Causes Knee Osteoarthritis?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe most common cause of osteoarthritis of the knee is age. Almost everyone will eventually have some degree of osteoarthritis. But several things increase the risk of having significant arthritis at an earlier age.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul type=\"disc\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAge\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. The ability of cartilage to heal decreases as a person gets older.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EWeight. Weight increases pressure on all the joints, especially the knees. Every pound of \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fobesity\u002Fhealthy-weight\" crosslinktype=\"Article\"\u003Eweight\u003C\u002Fa\u003E you gain adds 3 to 4 pounds of extra weight on your knees.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EHeredity\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. This includes genetic mutations that might make a person more likely to have osteoarthritis of the knee. It may also be due to inherited abnormalities in the shape of the bones that surround the knee joint.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EGender\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. Women ages 55 and older are more likely than men to get osteoarthritis of the knee.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ERepetitive stress injuries\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. These are usually a result of the type of job a person has. People with certain occupations that include a lot of activity that can stress the joint, such as kneeling, squatting, or lifting heavy weights (55 pounds or more), are more likely to get osteoarthritis of the knee because of the constant pressure on the joint.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAthletics\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. Athletes involved in soccer, tennis, or long-distance running may be at higher risk for osteoarthritis of the knee. That means athletes should take care to avoid injury. But it's important to note that regular moderate exercise strengthens joints and can decrease the risk of osteoarthritis. In fact, weak muscles around the knee can lead to osteoarthritis.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EOther illnesse\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003Es. People with \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Frheumatoid-arthritis\u002Frheumatoid-arthritis-basics\"\u003Erheumatoid arthritis\u003C\u002Fa\u003E, the second most common type of arthritis, are also more likely to get osteoarthritis. People with certain metabolic disorders, such as iron overload or excess growth hormone, also run a higher risk of osteoarthritis. \u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhat Are the Symptoms of Knee Osteoarthritis?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003ESymptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee may include:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul type=\"disc\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EPain that increases when you are active, but gets a little better with rest\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ESwelling\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EStiffness in the knee, especially in the morning or when you have been sitting for a while\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003ELess mobility of the knee, making it hard to get in and out of chairs or cars, use the stairs, or walk\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EA creaking, crackly sound that is heard when the knee moves\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"3\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Diagnosed?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis will begin with a \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Fannual-physical-examinations\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"4de87a48-bb95-47cd-9316-24ec48e6a432\"\u003Ephysical exam\u003C\u002Fa\u003E by your doctor. Your doctor will also take your medical history and note any symptoms. Make sure to note what makes the pain worse or better to help your doctor determine if osteoarthritis, or something else, may be causing your pain. Also find out if anyone else in your family has arthritis. Your doctor may order more tests, including:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul type=\"disc\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EX-rays, which can show bone and cartilage damage as well as the presence of bone spurs\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EMagnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003Cp\u003EMRI scans may be ordered when X-rays do not give a clear reason for joint pain or when the X-rays suggest that other types of joint tissue could be damaged. Doctors may use \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fheart\u002Fanatomy-picture-of-blood\" crosslinktype=\"Article\" id=\"b49ece4b-b479-4ad3-ac75-2c37843a2716\"\u003Eblood\u003C\u002Fa\u003E tests to rule out other conditions that could be causing the pain, such as rheumatoid arthritis, a different type of arthritis caused by a disorder in the immune system.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EHow Is Osteoarthritis of the Knee Treated?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EThe primary goals of treating osteoarthritis of the knee are to relieve the pain and make you more mobile. The treatment plan will typically include a combination of the following:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul type=\"disc\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWeight loss.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Losing even a small amount of weight, if needed, can significantly decrease \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fpain-management\u002Fknee-pain\u002Fdefault.htm\" crosslinktype=\"Article\"\u003Eknee pain\u003C\u002Fa\u003E from osteoarthritis.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EExercise.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E Strengthening the muscles around the knee makes the joint more stable and decreases pain. Stretching exercises help keep the knee joint mobile and flexible.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPain relievers and anti-inflammatory drugs. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThis includes over-the-counter choices such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen, or naproxen sodium. Don't take over-the-counter medications for more than 10 days without checking with your doctor. Taking them for longer increases the chance of side effects. If over-the-counter medications don't provide relief, your doctor may give you a prescription anti-inflammatory drug or other medication to help ease the pain.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EInjections of corticosteroids or hyaluronic acid into the knee. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003ESteroids are powerful anti-inflammatory drugs. Hyaluronic acid is normally present in joints as a type of lubricating fluid.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAlternative therapies\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E. Some alternative therapies that may be effective include topical creams with capsaicin; acupuncture; or supplements, including glucosamine and chondroitin or SAMe.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EUsing devices such as braces.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E There are two types of braces: \"unloader\" braces, which take the weight away from the side of the knee affected by arthritis; and \"support\" braces, which provide support for the entire knee.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPhysical and \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fa-to-z-guides\u002Foccupational-therapy\" crosslinktype=\"Article\"\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003Eoccupational therapy\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003E.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E If you are having trouble with daily activities, physical or occupational therapy can help. Physical therapists teach you ways to strengthen muscles and make your joints more flexible. Occupational therapists teach you ways to do regular, daily activities, such as housework, with less pain.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ESurgery.\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E When other treatments don't work, surgery is a good option.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"4\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header\u003EWhen Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis?\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003EIf your doctor wants to treat the osteoarthritis in the knee with surgery, the options are arthroscopy, osteotomy, and arthroplasty.\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cul type=\"disc\"\u003E\u003Cli\u003EArthroscopy uses a small telescope (arthroscope) and other small instruments. The surgery is done through small cuts. The surgeon uses the arthroscope to see into the joint space. Once there, the surgeon can remove damaged cartilage or loose particles, clean the bone surface, and repair other types of tissue if damage is found. The procedure is often used on younger patients (ages 55 and younger) in order to delay more serious surgery.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EAn osteotomy is a procedure that aims to make the knee alignment better by changing the shape of the bones. This type of surgery may be recommended if you have damage mostly in one area of the knee. It might also be recommended if you have broken your knee and it has not healed well. An osteotomy is not permanent, and further surgery may be necessary later on.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003Cli\u003EJoint replacement surgery, or arthroplasty, is a surgical procedure in which joints are replaced with artificial parts made from metals or plastic. The replacement could involve one side of the knee or the entire knee. \u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fosteoarthritis\u002Fknee-replacement-surgery\" id=\"bad9658e-4426-4958-bfae-19a5b22938d2;medical_reference\"\u003EJoint replacement surgery\u003C\u002Fa\u003E is usually reserved for people over age 50 with severe osteoarthritis. The surgery may need to be repeated later if the prosthetic joint wears out after several years. But with today's modern advancements, most new joints will last over 20 years. The surgery has risks, but the results are generally very good.\u003C\u002Fli\u003E\u003C\u002Ful\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"6\" \u002F\u003E\u003Cpagebreak \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhen Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003ELatest teatments:\u003C\u002Fstrong\u003E\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EPlatelet-rich plasma (PRP) injections. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EIn this treatment, your doctor takes a sample of your blood and spins it in a machine called a centrifuge to pull out your blood's platelets and plasma. When injected back into the joint, this super-concentrated mixture contains substances that could promote healing.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EEven though they're popular with some high-profile athletes, PRP injections still aren’t proven, and the treatment formulations can vary a lot.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt is a treatment that is not recommended because of the lack of standard dosages and preparation.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EMesenchymal stem cells, or MSCs. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EYour bone marrow makes these types of cells. They can grow into new tissues, including cartilage. By gathering these cells and injecting them into the knee joint, the hope is that they will give rise to new cartilage and reduce inflammation.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"desktop\" order=\"5\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhen Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIt’s a hot area, with clinical trials going on. But most studies are still early.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EA review published in 2016 in \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EBMC Musculoskeletal Disorders\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E concluded that MSC-based therapies offer an “exciting possibility” for treatment, but further studies need to work out how they can best be used and how well they work.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"7\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhen Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EAlso, they're expensive.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBone marrow aspirate concentrate. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThis draws on the same concept as MSCs. Experts take cells from your body and use them to stimulate the healing process inside your knee.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EThe advantage is that bone marrow may be easier to obtain than MSCs, and it also contains other substances involved in promoting cartilage regrowth and calming \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Farthritis\u002Fabout-inflammation\" id=\"e668d4b6-9f26-47e1-9fba-98f81ff20baf;medical_reference\"\u003Einflammation\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EWhile still a new approach, a review in the\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E found “good to excellent overall outcomes” from 11 studies. The researchers noted that that some trials were tougher than others. So they recommended that the treatment be used cautiously since a lot is still unknown.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EAutologous cultured chondrocytes. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThis is a procedure to repair injuries that can lead to osteoarthritis. It involves collecting the cells that form cartilage from your own joints, growing the cells in a laboratory, and then injecting these cells into the knee.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EInvented in Sweden in the 1980s, the method has become common in orthopedic practices. The FDA approved the latest generation in December 2016. Called Maci, it puts the cells inside a dissolvable scaffold – placed inside the knee – that’s designed to grow new cartilage.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E\u003Csection_group\u003E\u003Cpagebreak type=\"mobile\" order=\"8\" \u002F\u003E\u003Csection_header is_continued=\"true\"\u003EWhen Is Surgery Used to Treat Knee Osteoarthritis? continued...\u003C\u002Fsection_header\u003E\u003Csection_text\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EIn a study of Maci involving 144 people, more than 87% of those who got Maci had improvement in symptoms over 2 years, compared with 68% who got a different cartilage-stimulating procedure called microfracture.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EBotox injections. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EBotulinum is a toxin made by the bacterium \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EClostridium botulinum\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E. Because it can shut down nerve cells, doctors can use it to ease \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ca link_friendlyurl=\"https:\u002F\u002Fwww.webmd.com\u002Fmultiple-sclerosis\u002Fmyoclonus-muscle-twitching\" id=\"c7a0a5cb-3742-4810-a509-e6ebd185e84d;medical_reference\"\u003Emuscle spasms\u003C\u002Fa\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003ESome doctors are trying botulinum to help treat joint pain. The theory is that it might permanently deaden nerves and offer relief. But it wouldn’t affect the knee’s structure.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EDoes it work? A review of 16 studies published in 2016 in the journal \u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003Ci\u003E\u003Cspan\u003EJoint Bone Spine\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fi\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E found that the results were conflicting and the studies were too small to draw conclusions.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003E\u003Cspan\u003E\u003Cstrong\u003EWater-cooled radiofrequency ablation. \u003C\u002Fstrong\u003EThis is another experimental procedure to treat pain. It aims to disable the nerves that are causing pain by heating them. “Water cooling” is a way to control the speed of warming. While it’s gotten a lot of publicity, studies so far are limited to small groups of people.\u003C\u002Fspan\u003E \u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_text\u003E\u003Chighlights\u003E\u003C\u002Fhighlights\u003E\u003Cpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fpull_quotes\u003E\u003C\u002Fsection_group\u003E"},"citations":{"#cdata-section":"\u003Cp\u003ESOURCES:\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EAmerican Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons: \"Arthritis of the Knee.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EFamilydoctor.org: \"Osteoarthritis of the knee.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003EArthritis Foundation: \"Osteoarthritis.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E\u003Cp\u003ENational Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS): \"Knee Problems,\" \"Arthritis: Handout on Osteoarthritis.\"\u003C\u002Fp\u003E"},"related_links_header":"","related_links_text":{"#cdata-section":""}}}}}},"staticPublicPath":"\u002Fstatic_vue\u002F091e9c5e81e4bc92\u002Fclient\u002F","isInteractivePage":false},"flow":{"flowInfo":{"legacyBundleArticle":{"assetId":"091e9c5e8001260d","channelId":"1087","contentType":"Article"}}},"quiz":{"rmq":{}}}</script> <script>window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.hash = window.location.hash; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.fullPath = window.location.pathname; window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.path = window.location.pathname; if(window.location.search !== ""){ var search = window.location.search.substring(1); window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query=JSON.parse('{"' + search.replace(/&/g, '","').replace(/=/g,'":"') + '"}', function(key, value) { return key===""?value:decodeURIComponent(value) }) } else {window.__INITIAL_STATE__.route.query={};}</script><script>try{var _comscore=_comscore||[];_comscore.push({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}}),function(){var e=document.createElement('script'),o=document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0];e.async=!0,e.src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/cs/6035829/beacon.js',o.parentNode.insertBefore(e,o),window.__INITIAL_STATE__?window.document.addEventListener('before_pv',function(){window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){window.biConsumerIsReady&&self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})},{once:!0}):window.document.addEventListener('onAdobeOmniBeforePv',function(){self.COMSCORE&&COMSCORE.beacon({c1:'2',c2:'6035829',options:{enableFirstPartyCookie:!0}})})}()}catch(e){}</script><noscript><img src='https://sb.scorecardresearch.com/p?c1=2&c2=6035829&cv=3.9.1&cj=1'></noscript>  <script id="cookieConsentScriptNonEU" async="async" src="https://img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/file-explorer/webmd/consumer_assets/site_images/webmd-ccm/webmd-ccm-lite.min.js"></script><script type="text/javascript" async="async" importance="high" src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" id="GPT_JS"></script><script>window.webmd.googleloaded = true; window.googleloaded = true; </script> <script>window.performance.mark('page-end');</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4bc92/client/css/non-critical-1732570903225.f64d91a6.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="//img.lb.wbmdstatic.com/webmd_static_vue/091e9c5e81e4bc92/client/css/pagetype-oncology-1732570903225.b84c3554.css"> </body> </html>