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href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(sistema_operativo)" title="Midori (sistema operativo) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Midori (sistema operativo)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(syst%C3%A8me_d%27exploitation)" title="Midori (système d'exploitation) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Midori (système d'exploitation)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%8F%84%EB%A6%AC_(%EC%9A%B4%EC%98%81_%EC%B2%B4%EC%A0%9C)" title="미도리 (운영 체제) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미도리 (운영 체제)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(sistem_operasi)" title="Midori (sistem operasi) – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Midori (sistem operasi)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%AA_%D7%94%D7%A4%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%94)" title="Midori (מערכת הפעלה) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="Midori (מערכת הפעלה)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(oper%C3%A1ci%C3%B3s_rendszer)" title="Midori (operációs rendszer) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Midori (operációs rendszer)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80_(%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9A%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%80)" title="मिडोरी (संचालन प्रणाली) – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="मिडोरी (संचालन प्रणाली)" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(besturingssysteem)" title="Midori (besturingssysteem) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Midori (besturingssysteem)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(%E3%82%AA%E3%83%9A%E3%83%AC%E3%83%BC%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%82%B0%E3%82%B7%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%A0)" title="Midori (オペレーティングシステム) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="Midori (オペレーティングシステム)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(system_operacyjny)" title="Midori (system operacyjny) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Midori (system operacyjny)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Midori" title="Microsoft Midori – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Microsoft Midori" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Midori (операционная система) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Midori (операционная система)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B4%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B4_(%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%8F%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3)" title="มิโดริ (ระบบปฏิบัติการ) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="มิโดริ (ระบบปฏิบัติการ)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midori_(%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D1%96%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Midori (операційна система) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Midori (операційна система)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Operating system</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">Midori</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developer</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Corporation">Microsoft Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Written in</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> custom variant M#</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">OS family</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Capability-based_security" title="Capability-based security">Capability-based</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Working state</th><td class="infobox-data">Discontinued<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Initial release</th><td class="infobox-data">2008<span class="noprint">; 16 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">2008</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Software_release_life_cycle" title="Software release life cycle">Final release</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Final / 2015<span class="noprint">; 9 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2015</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Update method</th><td class="infobox-data">Compile from <a href="/wiki/Source_code" title="Source code">source code</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;">Platforms</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IA-32" title="IA-32">IA-32</a>, <a href="/wiki/X86-64" title="X86-64">x86-64</a>, <a href="/wiki/ARM_architecture" class="mw-redirect" title="ARM architecture">ARM</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernel</a> type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernel</a> (<a href="/wiki/Language-based_system" title="Language-based system">Language-based</a>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Midori</b> (which means green in Japanese) was the <a href="/wiki/Code_name" title="Code name">code name</a> for a <a href="/wiki/Managed_code" title="Managed code">managed code</a> <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> (OS) being developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> with joint effort of <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Research" title="Microsoft Research">Microsoft Research</a>. It had been reported<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-softpedia_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-softpedia-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to be a possible commercial implementation of the OS <a href="/wiki/Singularity_(operating_system)" title="Singularity (operating system)">Singularity</a>, a research project begun in 2003 to build a highly <a href="/wiki/Dependability" title="Dependability">dependable</a> OS in which the <a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">kernel</a>, <a href="/wiki/Device_driver" title="Device driver">device drivers</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Application_software" title="Application software">application software</a> are all written in managed code. It was designed for <a href="/wiki/Concurrency_(computer_science)" title="Concurrency (computer science)">concurrency</a>, and could run a program spread across multiple <a href="/wiki/Node_(networking)" title="Node (networking)">nodes</a> at once.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also featured a security model that <a href="/wiki/Sandbox_(computer_security)" title="Sandbox (computer security)">sandboxes</a> applications for increased security.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Microsoft had mapped out several possible migration paths from Windows to Midori.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Midori was discontinued some time in 2015, though many of its concepts were used in other Microsoft projects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midori_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The code name <i>Midori</i> was first discovered through the <a href="/wiki/PowerPoint" class="mw-redirect" title="PowerPoint">PowerPoint</a> presentation <i>CHESS: A systematic testing tool for concurrent software</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Another reference to Midori was found in a presentation shown during the <i>Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages & Applications</i> (<a href="/wiki/OOPSLA" title="OOPSLA">OOPSLA</a>) October 2012 conference,<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and a paper<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> from the conference's proceedings. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midori_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output 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OOPSLA '12. Tucson, Arizona, USA: Association for Computing Machinery. pp. 21–40. <a href="/wiki/CiteSeerX_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="CiteSeerX (identifier)">CiteSeerX</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.365.5541">10.1.1.365.5541</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F2384616.2384619">10.1145/2384616.2384619</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=conference&rft.atitle=Uniqueness+and+Reference+Immutability+for+Safe+Parallelism&rft.btitle=Proceedings+of+the+ACM+International+Conference+on+Object+Oriented+Programming+Systems+Languages+and+Applications&rft.place=Tucson%2C+Arizona%2C+USA&rft.pages=21-40&rft.pub=Association+for+Computing+Machinery&rft.date=2012-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fsummary%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.365.5541%23id-name%3DCiteSeerX&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F2384616.2384619&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Parkinson%2C+Matthew&rft.au=Parsons%2C+Jared&rft.au=Bromfield%2C+Aleks&rft.au=Duffy%2C+Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdl.acm.org%2Fdoi%2Fpdf%2F10.1145%2F2384616.2384619&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMidori+%28operating+system%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Midori_(operating_system)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130701112925/http://www.sdtimes.com/content/article.aspx?ArticleID=32646">SD Times' David Worthington on the migration away from Windows</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091222084004/http://www.sdtimes.com/content/article.aspx?ArticleID=32662">SD Times' David Worthington on Midori security</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://technologizer.com/2009/02/18/microsoft-windows-ce-is-closer-to-end-of-life-than-windows/">Technologizer report by David Worthington on Windows Mobile's life cycle</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/technology/7540282.stm">Microsoft sees end of Windows era, BBC News</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://joeduffyblog.com/2015/11/03/blogging-about-midori/">Joe Duffy - Blogging about Midori, 2015</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul 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Linux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrelfish_(operating_system)" title="Barrelfish (operating system)">Barrelfish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cairo_(operating_system)" title="Cairo (operating system)">Cairo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HomeOS" title="HomeOS">HomeOS</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Midori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Singularity_(operating_system)" title="Singularity (operating system)">Singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Venus" title="Microsoft Venus">Venus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verve_(operating_system)" title="Verve (operating system)">Verve</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xbox_system_software" title="Xbox system software">Xbox system software</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" 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deputy problem">Confused deputy problem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambient_authority" title="Ambient authority">Ambient authority</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/File_descriptor" title="File descriptor">File descriptor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-list_(computer_security)" title="C-list (computer security)">C-list</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object-capability_model" title="Object-capability model">Object-capability model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability-based_security" title="Capability-based security">Capability-based security</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capability-based_addressing" title="Capability-based addressing">Capability-based addressing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zooko%27s_triangle" title="Zooko's triangle">Zooko's triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petname" title="Petname">Petnames</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating systems</a>, <a 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family">seL4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a> (<a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_OS" title="Phantom OS">Phantom OS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caja_project" title="Caja project">Cajita</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E_(programming_language)" title="E (programming language)">E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joe-E" title="Joe-E">Joe-E</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Joule_(programming_language)" title="Joule (programming language)">Joule</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">File systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tahoe-LAFS" title="Tahoe-LAFS">Tahoe-LAFS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Specialised hardware</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BiiN" title="BiiN">BiiN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAP_computer" title="CAP computer">Cambridge CAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flex_machine" title="Flex machine">Flex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_System/38" title="IBM System/38">IBM System/38</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intel_iAPX_432" title="Intel iAPX 432">Intel iAPX 432</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plessey_System_250" title="Plessey System 250">Plessey System 250</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Microkernel" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Microkernel"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microkernels-nanokernels" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microkernel" title="Microkernel">Microkernels</a>-<a href="/wiki/Microkernel#Nanokernel" title="Microkernel">nanokernels</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kernel_(operating_system)" title="Kernel (operating system)">Kernels</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/L4_microkernel_family" title="L4 microkernel family">L4</a> family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Eumel" title="Eumel">Eumel</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/L3_microkernel" class="mw-redirect" title="L3 microkernel">L3</a></i> → <a href="/wiki/L4_microkernel_family" title="L4 microkernel family">L4</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Kernel_Labs" title="Open Kernel Labs">OKL4</a>°</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_nanokernel" title="Mac OS nanokernel">Mac OS nanokernel</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NuKernel" class="mw-redirect" title="NuKernel">NuKernel</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psion_(company)" title="Psion (company)">Psion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/EKA1" title="EKA1">EKA1</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/EKA2" title="EKA2">EKA2</a></i>^°</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>-type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Exec_(Amiga)" title="Exec (Amiga)">Exec</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exec_(Amiga)#ExecSG" title="Exec (Amiga)">ExecSG</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quark_(kernel)" title="Quark (kernel)">Quark</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/WarpOS" title="WarpOS">WarpOS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adaptive_Domain_Environment_for_Operating_Systems" title="Adaptive Domain Environment for Operating Systems">ADEOS</a></i>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EROS_(microkernel)" title="EROS (microkernel)">EROS</a></i>^°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/K42" title="K42">K42</a></i>°</li> <li>Little Kernel</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mach_(kernel)" title="Mach (kernel)">Mach</a></i>° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Mach" title="GNU Mach">GNU Mach</a>°</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MicroEmpix" title="MicroEmpix">MicroEmpix</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Hills_Software#Real-time_operating_systems" title="Green Hills Software">µ-velOSity</a>^</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_(operating_system)#The_nucleus" title="Spring (operating system)">nucleus</a></i></li> <li>Off++ → Plan B</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Taligent#Pink_system" title="Taligent">Opus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PowerUP_(accelerator)#PowerUP_software" title="PowerUP (accelerator)">PowerUP</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTLinux" title="RTLinux">RTLinux</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI-RTOS#RTOS_kernel_overview" title="TI-RTOS">TI-RTOS kernel</a>^°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_(microkernel)" title="Vanguard (microkernel)">Vanguard</a></i></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">Operating<br />systems</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/POSIX" title="POSIX">POSIX</a> support</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARX_(operating_system)" title="ARX (operating system)">ARX</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GNU_Hurd" title="GNU Hurd">GNU Hurd</a>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lites" title="Lites">Lites</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meiko_Scientific#MeikOS" title="Meiko Scientific">MeikOS</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minix" title="Minix">Minix</a>° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minix-vmd" class="mw-redirect" title="Minix-vmd">Minix-vmd</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minix_3" title="Minix 3">Minix 3</a>°</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MkLinux" title="MkLinux">MkLinux</a></i>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Multi-Environment_Real-Time" title="Multi-Environment Real-Time">Multi-Environment Real-Time</a></i>^ (<i>MERT</i> – <i>Unix-RT</i>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/OS2000" title="OS2000">OS2000</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QNX" title="QNX">QNX</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redox_(operating_system)" title="Redox (operating system)">Redox</a>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spring_(operating_system)" title="Spring (operating system)">Spring</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinix" title="Tinix">Tinix</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/UNICOS" title="UNICOS">UNICOS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/VSTa" title="VSTa">VSTa</a></i></li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Partial</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/ChorusOS" title="ChorusOS">ChorusOS</a>^</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integrity_(operating_system)" title="Integrity (operating system)">Integrity</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleus_RTOS" title="Nucleus RTOS">Nucleus RTOS</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/NuttX" title="NuttX">NuttX</a>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operating_System_Embedded" class="mw-redirect" title="Operating System Embedded">OSE</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/RIOT_(operating_system)" title="RIOT (operating system)">RIOT</a>^°</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Capability-based_security" title="Capability-based security">Capability-based</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/GNOSIS" title="GNOSIS">GNOSIS</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/KeyKOS" title="KeyKOS">KeyKOS</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/EROS_(microkernel)" title="EROS (microkernel)">EROS</a></i> → CapROS</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hydra_(operating_system)" title="Hydra (operating system)">Hydra</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L4_microkernel_family#High_assurance:_seL4" title="L4 microkernel family">seL4</a>^°</li> <li><i><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Midori</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/NLTSS" title="NLTSS">NLTSS</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS_NEXT" title="HarmonyOS NEXT">HarmonyOS NEXT</a> (<a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony" title="OpenHarmony">OpenHarmony</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenHarmony#Oniro_OS" title="OpenHarmony">Oniro OS</a>)</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/HarmonyOS" title="HarmonyOS">HarmonyOS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/L4_microkernel_family" title="L4 microkernel family">L4</a> kernel</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/L4Linux" title="L4Linux">L<sup>4</sup>Linux</a>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PikeOS" title="PikeOS">PikeOS</a>^</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/REX_OS" title="REX OS">REX OS</a></i>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wombat_(operating_system)" title="Wombat (operating system)">Wombat</a>^°</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Java_virtual_machine" title="Java virtual machine">Java virtual machine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/JavaOS" title="JavaOS">JavaOS</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/JavaOS#Chorus/Jazz" title="JavaOS">Chorus/Jazz</a></i>^ integrates <i><a href="/wiki/ChorusOS" title="ChorusOS">ChorusOS</a></i>^)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/JX_(operating_system)" title="JX (operating system)">JX</a></i>°</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Macintosh">Macintosh</a> hosted</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Unix-like" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/MachTen" title="MachTen">MachTen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MacMach" title="MacMach">MacMach</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Copland_(operating_system)" title="Copland (operating system)">Copland</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mac_OS_8#Mac_OS_8.6" title="Mac OS 8">Classic Mac OS</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/PowerPC" title="PowerPC">PowerPC</a> kernel)</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Psion_(company)" title="Psion (company)">Psion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EPOC_(operating_system)" title="EPOC (operating system)">EPOC</a></i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Symbian" title="Symbian">Symbian</a> OS</i>^°</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>-type</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaOS" title="AmigaOS">AmigaOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AROS_Research_Operating_System" title="AROS Research Operating System">AROS</a>° <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AROS_Research_Operating_System#AspireOS" title="AROS Research Operating System">AspireOS</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AROS_Research_Operating_System#Broadway" title="AROS Research Operating System">Broadway</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/AROS_Research_Operating_System#Icaros_Desktop" title="AROS Research Operating System">Icaros Desktop</a>°</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MorphOS" title="MorphOS">MorphOS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Singularity_(operating_system)" title="Singularity (operating system)">Singularity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ThreadX" title="ThreadX">ThreadX</a>^</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Verve_(operating_system)" title="Verve (operating system)">Verve</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/AIM_alliance" title="AIM alliance">AIM alliance</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>Pink</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Taligent" title="Taligent">Taligent</a> OS</i> → <i><a href="/wiki/Workplace_OS" title="Workplace OS">Workplace OS</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amoeba_(operating_system)" title="Amoeba (operating system)">Amoeba</a></i>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/BeRTOS" title="BeRTOS">BeRTOS</a></i>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ChibiOS/RT" title="ChibiOS/RT">ChibiOS/RT</a>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeRTOS" title="FreeRTOS">FreeRTOS</a>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HelenOS" title="HelenOS">HelenOS</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Micro-Controller_Operating_Systems" title="Micro-Controller Operating Systems">µC/OS</a>^°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MQX" title="MQX">MQX</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenComRTOS" title="OpenComRTOS">OpenComRTOS</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phantom_OS" title="Phantom OS">Phantom OS</a>^°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/RC_4000_multiprogramming_system" title="RC 4000 multiprogramming system">RC 4000</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SharpOS" title="SharpOS">SharpOS</a>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SPIN_(operating_system)" title="SPIN (operating system)">SPIN</a></i>°</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thoth_(operating_system)" title="Thoth (operating system)">Thoth</a></i>^ → <i><a href="/wiki/Harmony_(operating_system)" title="Harmony (operating system)">Harmony</a></i>^ → <i><a href="/wiki/V_(operating_system)" title="V (operating system)">V</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Versatile_Real-Time_Executive" title="Versatile Real-Time Executive">VRTX</a>^</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zephyr_(operating_system)" title="Zephyr (operating system)">Zephyr</a>^°</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Software_framework" title="Software framework">Frameworks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Software_development_kit" title="Software development kit">kits</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmos_(operating_system)" title="Cosmos (operating system)">Cosmos</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genode" title="Genode">Genode</a>°</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI-RTOS" title="TI-RTOS">TI-RTOS</a>^°</li> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Programmer" title="Programmer">Developers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Bell_(QNX)" title="Gordon Bell (QNX)">Gordon Bell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Bushnell" title="Thomas Bushnell">Thomas Bushnell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Cheriton" title="David Cheriton">David Cheriton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dan_Dodge" title="Dan Dodge">Dan Dodge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Per_Brinch_Hansen" title="Per Brinch Hansen">Per Brinch Hansen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gernot_Heiser" title="Gernot Heiser">Gernot Heiser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jochen_Liedtke" title="Jochen Liedtke">Jochen Liedtke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_G._Mitchell" title="James G. Mitchell">James G. Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ike_Nassi" title="Ike Nassi">Ike Nassi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_Rashid" title="Richard Rashid">Richard Rashid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_S._Tanenbaum" title="Andrew S. Tanenbaum">Andrew S. Tanenbaum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avie_Tevanian" title="Avie Tevanian">Avie Tevanian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wulf" title="William Wulf">William Wulf</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><i>Italics</i> <b>= discontinued</b></li> <li><b>^ = <a href="/wiki/Real-time_operating_system" title="Real-time operating system">Real-time</a></b></li> <li><b>° = <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">Open-source software</a></b><br /><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Microkernel-based_operating_systems" title="Category:Microkernel-based operating systems">Category: Microkernel-based operating systems</a></b> <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Microkernels" title="Category:Microkernels">Category: Microkernels</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Microsoft_icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microsoft_icon.svg/30px-Microsoft_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microsoft_icon.svg/45px-Microsoft_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Microsoft_icon.svg/60px-Microsoft_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This article about software created, produced or developed by <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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