CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>List of emperors of Japan - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"6696abcf-4799-46dd-afe7-5d3287698cb7","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"List_of_emperors_of_Japan","wgTitle":"List of emperors of Japan","wgCurRevisionId":1275805304,"wgRevisionId":1275805304,"wgArticleId":224374,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Articles containing Japanese-language text","CS1 French-language sources (fr)","Emperors of Japan","Lists of monarchs","Lists of monarchs in Asia","Japan history-related lists","Lists of office-holders in Japan","Lists of Japanese people by occupation"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage" :"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"List_of_emperors_of_Japan","wgRelevantArticleId":224374,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":90000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q188210","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList", "mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.tablesorter.styles":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.tablesorter","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP", "ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cjquery.tablesorter.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.17"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="List of emperors of Japan - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-List_of_emperors_of_Japan rootpage-List_of_emperors_of_Japan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages">Special pages</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+emperors+of+Japan" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+emperors+of+Japan" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=List+of+emperors+of+Japan" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=List+of+emperors+of+Japan" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Emperors_of_Japan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Emperors_of_Japan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Emperors of Japan </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Emperors_of_Japan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Posthumously_recognized_individuals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Posthumously_recognized_individuals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Posthumously recognized individuals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Posthumously_recognized_individuals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Citations </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Sources </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">List of emperors of Japan</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 51 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-51" aria-hidden="true" > 51 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%85%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="قائمة أباطرة اليابان – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قائمة أباطرة اليابان" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_d%27emperadores_de_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Llista d'emperadores de Xapón – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Llista d'emperadores de Xapón" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yaponiya_imperatorlar%C4%B1_siyah%C4%B1s%C4%B1" title="Yaponiya imperatorları siyahısı – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Yaponiya imperatorları siyahısı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9F%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE" title="জাপানের সম্রাটদের তালিকা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাপানের সম্রাটদের তালিকা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thian-h%C3%B4ng_lia%CC%8Dt-toa%E2%81%BF" title="Thian-hông lia̍t-toaⁿ – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Thian-hông lia̍t-toaⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Llista_d%27emperadors_del_Jap%C3%B3" title="Llista d'emperadors del Japó – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Llista d'emperadors del Japó" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_japonsk%C3%BDch_c%C3%ADsa%C5%99%C5%AF" title="Seznam japonských císařů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Seznam japonských císařů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhestr_Ymerawdwyr_Siapan" title="Rhestr Ymerawdwyr Siapan – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Rhestr Ymerawdwyr Siapan" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japans_kejsere" title="Japans kejsere – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Japans kejsere" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_der_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Liste der Tennō – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Liste der Tennō" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anexo:Emperadores_de_Jap%C3%B3n" title="Anexo:Emperadores de Japón – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Anexo:Emperadores de Japón" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Listo_de_imperiestroj_de_Japanio" title="Listo de imperiestroj de Japanio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Listo de imperiestroj de Japanio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerrenda:Japoniako_enperadoreak" title="Zerrenda:Japoniako enperadoreak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zerrenda:Japoniako enperadoreak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D9%87%D8%B1%D8%B3%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%BE%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86_%DA%98%D8%A7%D9%BE%D9%86" title="فهرست امپراتوران ژاپن – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="فهرست امپراتوران ژاپن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liste_des_empereurs_du_Japon" title="Liste des empereurs du Japon – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Liste des empereurs du Japon" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_emperadores_do_Xap%C3%B3n" title="Lista de emperadores do Xapón – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lista de emperadores do Xapón" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87" title="天皇 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="天皇" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9D%BC%EB%B3%B8_%EC%B2%9C%ED%99%A9_%EB%AA%A9%EB%A1%9D" title="일본 천황 목록 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="일본 천황 목록" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popis_japanskih_careva" title="Popis japanskih careva – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Popis japanskih careva" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daftar_Kaisar_Jepang" title="Daftar Kaisar Jepang – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Daftar Kaisar Jepang" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imperatori_del_Giappone" title="Imperatori del Giappone – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Imperatori del Giappone" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%99%D7%A1%D7%A8%D7%99_%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%9F" title="קיסרי יפן – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="קיסרי יפן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhaptar_Kaisar_Jepang" title="Dhaptar Kaisar Jepang – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Dhaptar Kaisar Jepang" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%98%E1%83%90%E1%83%9E%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%98%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9E%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%90%E1%83%A2%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A1%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="იაპონიის იმპერატორების სია – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="იაპონიის იმპერატორების სია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orodha_ya_Wafalme_Wakuu_wa_Japani" title="Orodha ya Wafalme Wakuu wa Japani – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Orodha ya Wafalme Wakuu wa Japani" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_imperatorum_Iaponiae" title="Index imperatorum Iaponiae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Index imperatorum Iaponiae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C4%81nas_imperatoru_uzskait%C4%ABjums" title="Japānas imperatoru uzskaitījums – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Japānas imperatoru uzskaitījums" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%85ra%C5%A1as:Japonijos_imperatoriai" title="Sąrašas:Japonijos imperatoriai – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Sąrašas:Japonijos imperatoriai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jap%C3%A1n_cs%C3%A1sz%C3%A1rainak_list%C3%A1ja" title="Japán császárainak listája – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Japán császárainak listája" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86" title="اباطرة اليابان – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="اباطرة اليابان" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senarai_Maharaja_Jepun" title="Senarai Maharaja Jepun – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Senarai Maharaja Jepun" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lijst_van_keizers_van_Japan" title="Lijst van keizers van Japan – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Lijst van keizers van Japan" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E3%81%AE%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%A7" title="天皇の一覧 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="天皇の一覧" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_vun_de_Tenn%C5%8D" title="List vun de Tennō – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="List vun de Tennō" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cesarze_Japonii" title="Cesarze Japonii – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Cesarze Japonii" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_de_imperadores_do_Jap%C3%A3o" title="Lista de imperadores do Japão – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Lista de imperadores do Japão" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cronologia_%C3%AEmp%C4%83ra%C8%9Bilor_Japoniei" title="Cronologia împăraților Japoniei – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cronologia împăraților Japoniei" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Список императоров Японии – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Список императоров Японии" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="List of emperors of Japan – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="List of emperors of Japan" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seznam_japonskih_cesarjev" title="Seznam japonskih cesarjev – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Seznam japonskih cesarjev" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_careva_Japana" title="Lista careva Japana – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Lista careva Japana" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runtuyan_Kaisar_Jepang" title="Runtuyan Kaisar Jepang – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Runtuyan Kaisar Jepang" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luettelo_Japanin_keisareista" title="Luettelo Japanin keisareista – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Luettelo Japanin keisareista" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lista_%C3%B6ver_Japans_kejsare" title="Lista över Japans kejsare – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Lista över Japans kejsare" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tala_ng_mga_Emperador_ng_Hapon" title="Tala ng mga Emperador ng Hapon – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tala ng mga Emperador ng Hapon" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%8D%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%B8%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99" title="รายพระนามจักรพรรดิญี่ปุ่น – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="รายพระนามจักรพรรดิญี่ปุ่น" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japonya_imparatorlar%C4%B1_listesi" title="Japonya imparatorları listesi – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Japonya imparatorları listesi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%86%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%96%D0%B2_%D0%AF%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%97" title="Список Імператорів Японії – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Список Імператорів Японії" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danh_s%C3%A1ch_Thi%C3%AAn_ho%C3%A0ng" title="Danh sách Thiên hoàng – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Danh sách Thiên hoàng" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E4%B8%80%E8%A6%BD" title="日本天皇一覽 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="日本天皇一覽" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87%E5%88%97%E8%A1%A8" title="日本天皇列表 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="日本天皇列表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188210#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:List_of_emperors_of_Japan" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/List_of_emperors_of_Japan">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/List_of_emperors_of_Japan" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&oldid=1275805304" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&id=1275805304&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_emperors_of_Japan">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_emperors_of_Japan">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188210" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Traditional order of succession of the Emperor of Japan</div> <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> has been ruled by <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">emperors</a> since <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Japan">antiquity</a>. The sequence, order and dates of the early emperors are almost entirely based on the 8th-century <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a>, which was meant to retroactively legitimise the <a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a> by dating its foundation further back to the year 660 BC.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vogel-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> There are several theories as to who was the first Japanese ruler supported by historical evidence: notable candidates are <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">Emperor Yūryaku</a> (r. 456–479) and <a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Emperor Kinmei</a> (r. 539–571), among others.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-Timothy-5">[5]</a> The terms <a href="/wiki/Tenn%C5%8D" class="mw-redirect" title="Tennō">Tennō</a> ('Emperor', 天皇), as well as <a href="/wiki/Nihon" class="mw-redirect" title="Nihon">Nihon</a> ('Japan', 日本), were not adopted until the late 7th century AD.<a href="#cite_note-Holcombe-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vogel-2">[2]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">nengō</a> system which has been in use since the late 7th century, years are numbered using the <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Japanese era name</a> and the number of years which have elapsed since the start of that nengō era.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage704mode2upviewtheater_"Nengō"],_p._704-7">[7]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Emperors_of_Japan">Emperors of Japan</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Emperors of Japan">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col"><abbr title="Number">No.</abbr> </th> <th class="unsortable">Portrait </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Personal name</a> </th> <th scope="col"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="200px" class="unsortable">Reign and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">era names</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEImperial_Household_Agency-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage962mode2upviewtheater_"Traditional_Order_of_Tennō"],_p._962-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-11">[i]</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="275px" class="unsortable">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Jimmu_detai_02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="708" data-file-height="842" /></a> </td> <td>Hikohohodemi 彦火火出見 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Emperor Jimmu</a> 神武天皇 </td> <td>660–585 BC (75 years) </td> <td>721 or 711–585 BC (126 or 136 years) <hr />Son of <a href="/wiki/Kami" title="Kami">kami</a> <a href="/wiki/Ugayafukiaezu" title="Ugayafukiaezu">Ugayafukiaezu</a>. Claimed <a href="/wiki/Son_of_Heaven" title="Son of Heaven">descent</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Solar_deity" title="Solar deity">sun goddess</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amaterasu" title="Amaterasu">Amaterasu</a>. Defeated Nagasunehiko in the <a href="/wiki/Jimmu%27s_Eastern_Expedition" title="Jimmu's Eastern Expedition">Eastern Expedition</a> to become emperor. Presumed legendary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420_420]_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420_420]-12">[11]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Suizei_thumb_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Suizei_thumb_1.jpg/100px-Suizei_thumb_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Suizei_thumb_1.jpg/150px-Suizei_thumb_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Suizei_thumb_1.jpg/200px-Suizei_thumb_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="720" /></a> </td> <td>Kamununakawamimi 神渟名川耳 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suizei" title="Emperor Suizei">Emperor Suizei</a> 綏靖天皇 </td> <td>581–549 BC (32 years) </td> <td>632–549 BC (83 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Jimmu. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh3–4Aston1,_pp.138–141Brown250–251Varley88–89-13">[12]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Annei_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="620" /></a> </td> <td>Shikitsuhikotamatemi 磯城津彦玉手看 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Annei" title="Emperor Annei">Emperor Annei</a> 安寧天皇 </td> <td>549–511 BC (37 years) </td> <td>567–511 BC (56 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Suizei. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.141–142Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]-14">[13]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Itoku_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="231" /></a> </td> <td>Ōyamatohikosukitomo 大日本彦耜友 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Itoku" title="Emperor Itoku">Emperor Itoku</a> 懿徳天皇 </td> <td>510–477 BC (33 years) </td> <td>553–477 BC (76 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Annei. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.142–143Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage404_405]-15">[14]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="223" data-file-height="226" /></a> </td> <td>Mimatsuhikokaeshine 観松彦香殖稲 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōshō">Emperor Kōshō</a> 孝昭天皇 </td> <td>475–393 BC (82 years) </td> <td>506–393 BC (113 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Itoku. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4–5Aston1,_pp.144–145Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage564_564]-16">[15]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dan_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="212" data-file-height="226" /></a> </td> <td>Yamatotarashihikokunioshihito 日本足彦国押人 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dan" title="Emperor Kōan">Emperor Kōan</a> 孝安天皇 </td> <td>392–291 BC (101 years) </td> <td>427–291 BC (136 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōshō. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh5Aston1,_pp.145–146Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage536_536]-17">[16]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Drei_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="615" data-file-height="759" /></a> </td> <td>Ōyamatonekohikofutoni 大日本根子彦太瓊 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Drei" title="Emperor Kōrei">Emperor Kōrei</a> 孝霊天皇 </td> <td>290–215 BC (75 years) </td> <td>342–215 BC (127 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōan. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh5–6Aston1,_pp.146–147Brown252Varley90–92Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage560_561]-18">[17]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dgen_thumb.gif 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="790" /></a> </td> <td>Ōyamatonekohikokunikuru 大日本根子彦国牽 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgen" title="Emperor Kōgen">Emperor Kōgen</a> 孝元天皇 </td> <td>214–158 BC (56 years) </td> <td>273–158 BC (115 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōrei. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh6Aston1,_pp.147–148Brown252Varley92–93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_542]-19">[18]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kaika_thumb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="225" /></a> </td> <td>Wakayamato Nekohiko Ōbibi 稚日本根子彦大日日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kaika" title="Emperor Kaika">Emperor Kaika</a> 開化天皇 </td> <td>157–98 BC (59 years) </td> <td>208–98 BC (110 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōgen. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh6–7Aston1,_pp.148–149Brown252Varley93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage450_451]-20">[19]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sujin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Sujin.jpg/100px-Emperor_Sujin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Sujin.jpg/150px-Emperor_Sujin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e9/Emperor_Sujin.jpg/200px-Emperor_Sujin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="460" data-file-height="546" /></a> </td> <td>Mimaki 御間城 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sujin" title="Emperor Sujin">Emperor Sujin</a> 崇神天皇 </td> <td>97–30 BC (67 years) </td> <td>148–30 BC (118 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kaika. First emperor with a direct possibility of existence.<a href="#cite_note-21">[20]</a> Still presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh7–9Aston1,_pp.150–164Brown252Varley93–95Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]-22">[21]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Suinin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emperor_Suinin.jpg/100px-Emperor_Suinin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emperor_Suinin.jpg/150px-Emperor_Suinin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Emperor_Suinin.jpg/200px-Emperor_Suinin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="730" /></a> </td> <td>Ikume 活目 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suinin" title="Emperor Suinin">Emperor Suinin</a> 垂仁天皇 </td> <td>29 BC–AD 70 (99 years) </td> <td>69 BC–AD 70 (127 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Sujin. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh9–10Aston1,_pp.165–187Brown252–254Varley95–96Nussbaum910-23">[22]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Keik%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="650" data-file-height="715" /></a> </td> <td>Ōtarashihiko 大足彦 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D" title="Emperor Keikō">Emperor Keikō</a> 景行天皇 </td> <td>71–130 (59 years) </td> <td>13 BC–AD 130 (143 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Suinin. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh11–14Aston1,_pp.188–214Brown254Varley96–99Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage504_505]-24">[23]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Seimu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Seimu.jpg/100px-Emperor_Seimu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Seimu.jpg/150px-Emperor_Seimu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Emperor_Seimu.jpg/200px-Emperor_Seimu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="607" data-file-height="755" /></a> </td> <td>Wakatarashihiko 稚足彦 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seimu" title="Emperor Seimu">Emperor Seimu</a> 成務天皇 </td> <td>131–190 (59 years) </td> <td>84–190 (106 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Keikō. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh14–15Aston1,_pp.214–216Brown254Varley99–100Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]-25">[24]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Ch%C5%ABaii_thumb.gif 2x" data-file-width="1881" data-file-height="2154" /></a> </td> <td>Tarashinakatsuhiko 足仲彦 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABai" title="Emperor Chūai">Emperor Chūai</a> 仲哀天皇 </td> <td>192–200 (8 years) </td> <td>149–200 (51 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Keikō; nephew of Emperor Seimu. First emperor to ascend the throne without being the son of the previous emperor. Died during a campaign against the Kumaso tribe. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh15Aston1,_pp.217–223Brown254–255Varley100–101Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage124_125]-26">[25]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>– </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg/100px-Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg/150px-Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg/200px-Kaiserin_Jing%C5%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="740" data-file-height="1157" /></a> </td> <td>Okinagatarashi 息長帯比売 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a> 神功皇后 </td> <td>201–269 (68 years) </td> <td>170–269 (99 years) <hr />Wife of Emperor Chūai; mother and regent of Emperor Ōjin. Not counted among the officially numbered emperors. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh16–19Aston1,_pp.224–253Brown255Varley101–103-27">[26]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg/100px-Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg/150px-Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/09/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg/200px-Emperor_%C5%8Cjin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2400" /></a> </td> <td>Homutawake 誉田別 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Emperor Ōjin</a> 応神天皇 </td> <td>270–310 (40 years) </td> <td>201–310 (109 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Chūai and Empress Jingū. Deified in <a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a> and <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_Japan" title="Buddhism in Japan">Buddhism in Japan</a> as <a href="/wiki/Hachiman" title="Hachiman">Hachiman</a>. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh19–22Aston1,_pp.254–271Brown255–256Varley103–110]-28">[27]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif" decoding="async" width="100" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Tenn%C5%8D_Nintoku.gif 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="170" /></a> </td> <td>Ohosazaki 大鷦鷯 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Emperor Nintoku</a> 仁徳天皇 </td> <td>313–399 (86 years) </td> <td>290–399 (108–109 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ōjin. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh22–24Aston1,_pp.272–300Brown256–257Varley110–111Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]-29">[28]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg/100px-Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg/150px-Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg/200px-Emperor_Rich%C5%AB.jpg 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="486" /></a> </td> <td>Ōenoizahowake 大兄去来穂別 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Emperor Richū</a> 履中天皇 </td> <td>400–405 (5 years) </td> <td>336–405 (69 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Nintoku. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh24–25Aston1,_pp.301–310Brown257Varley111-30">[29]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg/100px-HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg/150px-HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg/200px-HanzeiTenn%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="221" data-file-height="228" /></a> </td> <td>Mizuhawake 瑞歯別 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanzei" title="Emperor Hanzei">Emperor Hanzei</a> 反正天皇 </td> <td>406–410 (5 years) </td> <td>352–411 (59 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Nintoku; younger brother of Emperor Richū. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh25Aston1,_pp.310–311Brown257Varley112Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage288_288]-31">[30]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="585" data-file-height="749" /></a> </td> <td>Oasatsuma Wakugo no Sukune 雄朝津間稚子宿禰 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Emperor Ingyō</a> 允恭天皇 </td> <td>411–453 (42 years) </td> <td>376–453 (77 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Nintoku; younger brother of Emperor Richū and Emperor Hanzei. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.312–328Brown257–258Varley112-32">[31]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ank%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="664" data-file-height="766" /></a> </td> <td>Anaho 穴穂 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ankō">Emperor Ankō</a> 安康天皇 </td> <td>453–456 (3 years) </td> <td>401–456 (55 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ingyō. Assassinated by Prince Mayowa. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.328–332Brown258Varley113Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]-33">[32]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Y%C5%ABryaku_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="445" data-file-height="548" /></a> </td> <td>Ōhatuse no Wakatakeru 大泊瀬稚武 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">Emperor Yūryaku</a> 雄略天皇 </td> <td>456–479 (23 years) </td> <td>418–479 (61 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ingyō; younger brother of Emperor Ankō. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh27–28Aston1,_pp.333–372Brown258Varley113–115Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1068_1068]-34">[33]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Orekidai_seinei.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Orekidai_seinei.png/100px-Orekidai_seinei.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Orekidai_seinei.png/150px-Orekidai_seinei.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/ba/Orekidai_seinei.png/200px-Orekidai_seinei.png 2x" data-file-width="206" data-file-height="229" /></a> </td> <td>Shiraka 白髪 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seinei" title="Emperor Seinei">Emperor Seinei</a> 清寧天皇 </td> <td>480–484 (4 years) </td> <td>444–484 (40 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Yūryaku. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh28–29Aston1,_pp.373–377Brown258–259Varley115–116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]-35">[34]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="780" /></a> </td> <td>Woke 弘計 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kenzō">Emperor Kenzō</a> 顕宗天皇 </td> <td>485–487 (2 years) </td> <td>450–487 (37 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Richū; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Seinei. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh29–30Aston1,_pp.377–393Brown259Varley116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage510_510]-36">[35]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ninken.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Emperor_Ninken.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ninken.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Emperor_Ninken.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ninken.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8c/Emperor_Ninken.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ninken.jpg 2x" data-file-width="654" data-file-height="778" /></a> </td> <td>Oke 億計 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninken" title="Emperor Ninken">Emperor Ninken</a> 仁賢天皇 </td> <td>488–498 (10 years) </td> <td>448–498 (50 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Richū; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Seinei; older brother of Emperor Kenzō. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh30Aston1,_pp.393–398Brown259–260Varley117Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]-37">[36]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Ohatsuse no Wakasazaki 小泊瀬稚鷦鷯 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Buretsu" title="Emperor Buretsu">Emperor Buretsu</a> 武烈天皇 </td> <td>499–506 (7 years) </td> <td>489–506 (17 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ninken. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh31Aston1,_pp.399–407Brown260Varley117–118Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage94_94]-38">[37]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg/100px-Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg/150px-Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg/200px-Statue_of_Emperor_Keitai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1280" /></a> </td> <td>Ohodo<a href="#cite_note-39">[ii]</a> 袁本杼 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keitai" title="Emperor Keitai">Emperor Keitai</a> 継体天皇 </td> <td>507–531 (24 years) </td> <td>450–531 (81 years) <hr />5th-generation grandson of Emperor Ōjin. Became emperor at the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctomo_no_Kanamura" title="Ōtomo no Kanamura">Ōtomo no Kanamura</a>. Possible founder of a new dynasty. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-40">[38]</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh31–32Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA1_2],_pp._1–25Brown260–261Varley17–18,_119–120Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage506_506]_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh31–32Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA1_2],_pp._1–25Brown260–261Varley17–18,_119–120Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage506_506]-41">[39]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Magari 勾 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ankan" title="Emperor Ankan">Emperor Ankan</a> 安閑天皇 </td> <td>534–535 (1 year) </td> <td>466–535 (69 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Keitai. Presumed legendary.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh33Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA26_2],_pp._26–32Brown261Varley120–121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage30_31]_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh33Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA26_2],_pp._26–32Brown261Varley120–121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage30_31]-42">[40]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Senka.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Emperor_Senka.jpg/100px-Emperor_Senka.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Emperor_Senka.jpg/150px-Emperor_Senka.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Emperor_Senka.jpg/200px-Emperor_Senka.jpg 2x" data-file-width="962" data-file-height="1443" /></a> </td> <td>Hinokuma-no-takata 檜隈高田 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Senka" title="Emperor Senka">Emperor Senka</a> 宣化天皇 </td> <td>536–539 (3 years) </td> <td>467–539 (72 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Keitai; younger brother of Emperor Ankan. Presumed legendary.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh33–34Aston2,_pp._33–35Brown261Varley121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage842_842]-43">[41]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Kinmei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emperor_Kinmei.jpg/100px-Emperor_Kinmei.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emperor_Kinmei.jpg/150px-Emperor_Kinmei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Emperor_Kinmei.jpg/200px-Emperor_Kinmei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="750" /></a> </td> <td>Amekunioshiharakihironiwa 天国排開広庭 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Emperor Kinmei</a> 欽明天皇 </td> <td>540–571 (31 years) </td> <td>509–571 (62 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Keitai; younger brother of Emperor Ankan and Emperor Senka. First historically verifiable emperor.<a href="#cite_note-Timothy-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh34–36Aston2,_pp._36–89Brown261–262Varley123–124Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage518_519]-44">[42]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Nunakura no Futotamashiki 渟中倉太珠敷 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Bidatsu" title="Emperor Bidatsu">Emperor Bidatsu</a> 敏達天皇 </td> <td>572–585 (13 years) </td> <td>538–585 (47 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kinmei.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh36–37Aston2,_pp._90–105Brown262–263Varley124–125Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage76_77]-45">[43]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Yomeitenno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yomeitenno.jpg/100px-Yomeitenno.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yomeitenno.jpg/150px-Yomeitenno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Yomeitenno.jpg/200px-Yomeitenno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="350" data-file-height="277" /></a> </td> <td>Tachibana no Toyohi 橘豊日 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Emperor Yōmei</a> 用明天皇 </td> <td>586–587 (1 year) </td> <td>517–587 (70 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kinmei; half-brother of Emperor Bidatsu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh37–38Aston2,_pp._106–111Brown263Varley125–126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1056_1057]-46">[44]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>32 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Hatsusebe 泊瀬部 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sushun" title="Emperor Sushun">Emperor Sushun</a> 崇峻天皇 </td> <td>587–592 (5 years) </td> <td>522–592 (70 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kinmei; half-brother of Emperor Bidatsu and Emperor Yōmei. Made emperor by <a href="/wiki/Soga_no_Umako" title="Soga no Umako">Soga no Umako</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Soga%E2%80%93Mononobe_conflict" title="Soga–Mononobe conflict">Soga–Mononobe conflict</a>. Assassinated by Yamatonoaya no Koma on the orders of Soga no Umako.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh38–39Aston2,_pp._112–120Brown263Varley126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]-47">[45]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>33 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Suiko_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Empress_Suiko_2.jpg/100px-Empress_Suiko_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Empress_Suiko_2.jpg/150px-Empress_Suiko_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cc/Empress_Suiko_2.jpg/200px-Empress_Suiko_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1750" data-file-height="1750" /></a> </td> <td>Nukatabe 額田部 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Empress Suiko</a> 推古天皇 </td> <td>593–628 (35 years) </td> <td>554–628 (74 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Kinmei; half-sister and wife of Emperor Bidatsu. First non-legendary female monarch. <a href="/wiki/Prince_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" title="Prince Shōtoku">Prince Shōtoku</a> acted as her regent.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh39–42Aston2,_pp._121–156Brown263–264Varley126–129Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]-48">[46]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>34 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Tamura 田村 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jomei" title="Emperor Jomei">Emperor Jomei</a> 舒明天皇 </td> <td>629–641 (12 years) </td> <td>593–641 (48 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Bidatsu; great nephew of Empress Suiko.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh42–43Aston2,_pp._157–170Brown264–265Varley129–130Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage430_431]-49">[47]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>35 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/100px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/150px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/200px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="775" /></a> </td> <td>Takara 宝 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Empress Kōgyoku</a> 皇極天皇 </td> <td>642–645 (3 years) </td> <td>594–661 (67 years) <hr />Great-granddaughter of Emperor Bidatsu; wife of Emperor Jomei. First reign. Abdicated as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Isshi_incident" title="Isshi incident">Isshi incident</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh43–47Aston2,_pp._171–194Brown265–266Varley130–132Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]-50">[48]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>36 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Karu 軽 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Emperor Kōtoku">Emperor Kōtoku</a> 孝徳天皇 </td> <td>645–654 (9 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Taika_(era)" title="Taika (era)">Taika</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hakuchi_(era)" title="Hakuchi (era)">Hakuchi</a> </td> <td>597–654 (57 years) <hr />Great-grandson of Emperor Bidatsu; younger brother of Empress Kōgyoku. First <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">era name</a> assigned.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh47–50Aston2,_pp._195–247Brown266–267Varley132–133Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage566_566]-51">[49]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>37 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/100px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/150px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg/200px-Empress_Kogyoku-Saimei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="610" data-file-height="775" /></a> </td> <td>Takara 宝 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Empress Saimei</a> 斉明天皇 </td> <td>655–661 (6 years) </td> <td>594–661 (67 years) <hr />Older sister of Emperor Kōtoku. Previously reigned as Empress Kōgyoku. Second reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh50–52Aston2,_pp._248–273Brown267Varley133–134Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage806_807]-52">[50]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>38 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Tenji.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Emperor_Tenji.jpg/100px-Emperor_Tenji.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Emperor_Tenji.jpg/150px-Emperor_Tenji.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Emperor_Tenji.jpg/200px-Emperor_Tenji.jpg 2x" data-file-width="820" data-file-height="1070" /></a> </td> <td>Kazuraki 葛城 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Emperor Tenji</a> 天智天皇 </td> <td>662–672 (10 years) </td> <td>626–672 (46 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Jomei and Empress Kōgyoku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh52–56Aston2,_pp._274–300Brown268Varley135Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage958_959]-53">[51]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>39 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg/100px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg/150px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg/200px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun.jpg 2x" data-file-width="633" data-file-height="723" /></a> </td> <td>Ōtomo<a href="#cite_note-54">[iii]</a> 大友 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun" title="Emperor Kōbun">Emperor Kōbun</a> 弘文天皇 </td> <td>672 (8 months) </td> <td>648–672 (24 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Tenji. Deposed and committed suicide during the <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin War</a>. Not recognized as emperor until 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh56–58Aston2,_p._301ffBrown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage538_538]-55">[52]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>40 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Tenmu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Tenmu.jpg/100px-Emperor_Tenmu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Tenmu.jpg/150px-Emperor_Tenmu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Tenmu.jpg/200px-Emperor_Tenmu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2940" data-file-height="2600" /></a> </td> <td>Ōama 大海人 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Emperor Tenmu</a> 天武天皇 </td> <td>673–686 (14 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Shuch%C5%8D" title="Shuchō">Shuchō</a> </td> <td>622–686 (56 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Jomei and Empress Kōgyoku; younger brother of Emperor Tenji. Deposed his nephew, Emperor Kōbun, during the <a href="/wiki/Jinshin_War" title="Jinshin War">Jinshin War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh58–59Aston2,_pp._301–381Brown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage956_957]-56">[53]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>41 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png/100px-Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png/150px-Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png/200px-Empress_Jito_by_Katsukawa_Shunsho.png 2x" data-file-width="1162" data-file-height="1598" /></a> </td> <td>Unonosarara<a href="#cite_note-57">[iv]</a> 鸕野讚良 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a> 持統天皇 </td> <td>687–697 (10 years)<a href="#cite_note-59">[v]</a> </td> <td>646–703 (57 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Tenji; niece and wife of Emperor Tenmu. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage426_426]-60">[55]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>42 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png/100px-Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png/150px-Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png/200px-Emperor_Monmu_portrait.png 2x" data-file-width="1485" data-file-height="1638" /></a> </td> <td>Karu<a href="#cite_note-61">[vi]</a> 珂瑠 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Monmu" title="Emperor Monmu">Emperor Monmu</a> 文武天皇 </td> <td>697–707 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_(era)" title="Taihō (era)">Taihō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keiun" title="Keiun">Keiun</a> </td> <td>683–707 (24 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Tenmu and Empress Jitō.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh60–63Brown270–271Varley137–140-62">[56]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>43 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Gemmei.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Empress_Gemmei.jpg/100px-Empress_Gemmei.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Empress_Gemmei.jpg/150px-Empress_Gemmei.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Empress_Gemmei.jpg/200px-Empress_Gemmei.jpg 2x" data-file-width="580" data-file-height="789" /></a> </td> <td>Ahe<a href="#cite_note-63">[vii]</a> 阿閇 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Empress Genmei</a> 元明天皇 </td> <td>707–715 (8 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Keiun" title="Keiun">Keiun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wad%C5%8D_(era)" title="Wadō (era)">Wadō</a> </td> <td>660–721 (61 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Tenji; half-sister of Empress Jitō; mother of Emperor Monmu. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh63–65Brown271Varley140Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage235_235]-64">[57]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>44 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg/100px-Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg/150px-Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg/200px-Empress_Gensh%C5%8D_Tsubosaka-dera.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1601" data-file-height="1729" /></a> </td> <td>Hidaka<a href="#cite_note-65">[viii]</a> 氷高 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Empress Genshō</a> 元正天皇 </td> <td>715–724 (9 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Reiki_(era)" title="Reiki (era)">Reiki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dr%C5%8D" title="Yōrō">Yōrō</a> </td> <td>681–748 (67 years) <hr />Daughter of Empress Genmei; elder sister of Emperor Monmu. Only instance of an empress regnant inheriting the throne from another empress regnant. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh65–67Brown271–272Varley140–141Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage240_240]-66">[58]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>45 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Shomu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emperor_Shomu.jpg/100px-Emperor_Shomu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emperor_Shomu.jpg/150px-Emperor_Shomu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Emperor_Shomu.jpg/200px-Emperor_Shomu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1876" data-file-height="3132" /></a> </td> <td>Obito 首 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Emperor Shōmu</a> 聖武天皇 </td> <td>724–749 (25 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Jinki_(era)" title="Jinki (era)">Jinki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō">Tenpyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-kanp%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-kanpō">Tenpyō-kanpō</a> </td> <td>701–756 (55 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Monmu; nephew of Empress Genshō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh67–73Brown272–273Varley141–143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage884_884]-67">[59]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>46 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td>Abe 阿倍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Empress Kōken</a> 孝謙天皇 </td> <td>749–758 (9 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-kanp%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-kanpō">Tenpyō-kanpō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Tenpyō-shōhō">Tenpyō-shōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-h%C5%8Dji" title="Tenpyō-hōji">Tenpyō-hōji</a> </td> <td>718–770 (52 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Shōmu. First reign. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh73–75Brown274–275Varley143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_547]-68">[60]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>47 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Ōi 大炊 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junnin" title="Emperor Junnin">Emperor Junnin</a> 淳仁天皇 </td> <td>758–764 (6 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-h%C5%8Dji" title="Tenpyō-hōji">Tenpyō-hōji</a> </td> <td>733–765 (32 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Tenmu; cousin of Empress Kōken. Deposed. Posthumously named emperor in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh75–78Brown275Varley143–144Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]-69">[61]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>48 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878(Cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/100px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/150px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg/200px-Empress_K%C5%8Dken1878%28Cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="357" data-file-height="600" /></a> </td> <td>Abe 阿倍 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Sh%C5%8Dtoku" class="mw-redirect" title="Empress Shōtoku">Empress Shōtoku</a> 称徳天皇 </td> <td>764–770 (6 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-h%C5%8Dji" title="Tenpyō-hōji">Tenpyō-hōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpy%C5%8D-jingo" title="Tenpyō-jingo">Tenpyō-jingo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jingo-keiun" title="Jingo-keiun">Jingo-keiun</a> </td> <td>718–770 (52 years) <hr />Deposed her cousin, Emperor Junnin. Previously reigned as Empress Kōken. Second reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh78–81Brown276Varley144–147Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage888_888]-70">[62]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>49 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg/100px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg/150px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg/200px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="259" /></a> </td> <td>Shirakabe 白壁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin" title="Emperor Kōnin">Emperor Kōnin</a> 光仁天皇 </td> <td>770–781 (11 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dki" title="Hōki">Hōki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten%27%C5%8D" title="Ten'ō">Ten'ō</a> </td> <td>708–782 (73 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Tenji; brother-in-law of Empress Shōtoku. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh81–85Brown276–277Varley147–148Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage556_557]-71">[63]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>50 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg/100px-Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg/150px-Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg/200px-Emperor_Kammu_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1557" data-file-height="2334" /></a> </td> <td>Yamabe 山部 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Emperor Kanmu</a> 桓武天皇 </td> <td>781–806 (25 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ten%27%C5%8D" title="Ten'ō">Ten'ō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enryaku" title="Enryaku">Enryaku</a> </td> <td>736–806 (70 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōnin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh86–95Brown277–279Varley148–150Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage464_464]-72">[64]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>51 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Ate 安殿 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Heizei" title="Emperor Heizei">Emperor Heizei</a> 平城天皇 </td> <td>806–809 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Daid%C5%8D" title="Daidō">Daidō</a> </td> <td>773–824 (51 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kanmu. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh96–97Brown279–280Varley151Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage304_305]-73">[65]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>52 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Saga_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emperor_Saga_large.jpg/100px-Emperor_Saga_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emperor_Saga_large.jpg/150px-Emperor_Saga_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Emperor_Saga_large.jpg/200px-Emperor_Saga_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1816" data-file-height="2600" /></a> </td> <td>Kamino 神野 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Emperor Saga</a> 嵯峨天皇 </td> <td>809–823 (14 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Daid%C5%8D" title="Daidō">Daidō</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin_(era)" title="Kōnin (era)">Kōnin</a> </td> <td>785–842 (57 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kanmu; younger brother of Emperor Heizei. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh97–102Brown280–282Varley151–164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage804_804]-74">[66]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>53 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/100px-%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/150px-%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/30/%E6%B7%B3%E5%92%8C%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></a> </td> <td>Ōtomo 大伴 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Emperor Junna</a> 淳和天皇 </td> <td>823–833 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dnin_(era)" title="Kōnin (era)">Kōnin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a> </td> <td>786–840 (54 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kanmu; younger brother of Emperor Heizei and Emperor Saga. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh103–106Brown282–283Varley164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]-75">[67]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>54 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/100px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/150px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/200px-%E4%BB%81%E6%98%8E%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87_%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E3%81%AE%E7%AC%AC54%E4%BB%A3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="617" /></a> </td> <td>Masara 正良 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Emperor Ninmyō</a> 仁明天皇 </td> <td>833–850 (17 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tench%C5%8D" title="Tenchō">Tenchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Jōwa (Heian period)">Jōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a> </td> <td>808–850 (41 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Saga; nephew and adopted son of Emperor Junna.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh106–112Brown283–284Varley164–165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage714_714]-76">[68]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>55 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Montoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_Montoku.jpg/100px-Emperor_Montoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="99" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_Montoku.jpg/150px-Emperor_Montoku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_Montoku.jpg/200px-Emperor_Montoku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1566" data-file-height="1558" /></a> </td> <td>Michiyasu 道康 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Emperor Montoku</a> 文徳天皇 </td> <td>850–858 (8 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kash%C5%8D" title="Kashō">Kashō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninju" title="Ninju">Ninju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saik%C5%8D" title="Saikō">Saikō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten%27an" title="Ten'an">Ten'an</a> </td> <td>827–858 (31 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ninmyō.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh112–115Brown285–286Varley165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage658_658]-77">[69]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>56 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Seiwa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emperor_Seiwa.jpg/100px-Emperor_Seiwa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emperor_Seiwa.jpg/150px-Emperor_Seiwa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Emperor_Seiwa.jpg/200px-Emperor_Seiwa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4191" data-file-height="5407" /></a> </td> <td>Korehito 惟仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Emperor Seiwa</a> 清和天皇 </td> <td>858–876 (18 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ten%27an" title="Ten'an">Ten'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgan" title="Jōgan">Jōgan</a> </td> <td>850–881 (30 years) <hr />Son of Empereor Montoku. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh115–121Brown286–288Varley166–170Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_837]-78">[70]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>57 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/100px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/150px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg/200px-Hyakuninisshu_013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="327" data-file-height="456" /></a> </td> <td>Sadaakira 貞明 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Yōzei">Emperor Yōzei</a> 陽成天皇 </td> <td>876–884 (8 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgan" title="Jōgan">Jōgan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gangy%C5%8D" title="Gangyō">Gangyō</a> </td> <td>869–949 (80 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Seiwa. Deposed by <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Mototsune" title="Fujiwara no Mototsune">Fujiwara no Mototsune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh121–124Brown288–289Varley170–171Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1064_1064]-79">[71]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>58 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="924" data-file-height="1371" /></a> </td> <td>Tokiyasu 時康 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Emperor Kōkō</a> 光孝天皇 </td> <td>884–887 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Gangy%C5%8D" title="Gangyō">Gangyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninna" title="Ninna">Ninna</a> </td> <td>830–887 (57 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ninmyō; great uncle of Emperor Yōzei. Became emperor at the recommendation of <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Mototsune" title="Fujiwara no Mototsune">Fujiwara no Mototsune</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh124–125Brown289Varley171–175Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage548_549]-80">[72]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>59 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg/100px-Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg/150px-Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg/200px-Emperor_Uda_crop.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1438" data-file-height="1948" /></a> </td> <td>Sadami 定省 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Uda" title="Emperor Uda">Emperor Uda</a> 宇多天皇 </td> <td>887–897 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ninna" title="Ninna">Ninna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanpy%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kanpyō (era)">Kanpyō</a> </td> <td>866–931 (65 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōkō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh125–129Brown289–290Varley175–179Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1006_1007]-81">[73]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>60 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Daigo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emperor_Daigo.jpg/100px-Emperor_Daigo.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emperor_Daigo.jpg/150px-Emperor_Daigo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Emperor_Daigo.jpg/200px-Emperor_Daigo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="2100" /></a> </td> <td>Atsuhito<a href="#cite_note-82">[ix]</a> 敦仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daigo" title="Emperor Daigo">Emperor Daigo</a> 醍醐天皇 </td> <td>897–930 (33 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kanpy%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kanpyō (era)">Kanpyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtai" title="Shōtai">Shōtai</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engi_(era)" title="Engi (era)">Engi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ench%C5%8D" title="Enchō">Enchō</a> </td> <td>884–930 (46 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Uda. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh129–134Brown290–293Varley179–181Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage138_138]-83">[74]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>61 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Yutaakira<a href="#cite_note-84">[x]</a> 寛明 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Emperor Suzaku</a> 朱雀天皇 </td> <td>930–946 (16 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ench%C5%8D" title="Enchō">Enchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dhei" title="Jōhei">Jōhei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D" title="Tengyō">Tengyō</a> </td> <td>921–952 (30 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Daigo. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh134–138Brown294–295Varley181–183-85">[75]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>62 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg/100px-Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg/150px-Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg/200px-Emperor_Murakami_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1450" data-file-height="1650" /></a> </td> <td>Nariakira 成明 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Murakami" title="Emperor Murakami">Emperor Murakami</a> 村上天皇 </td> <td>946–967 (21 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tengy%C5%8D" title="Tengyō">Tengyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenryaku" title="Tenryaku">Tenryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tentoku" title="Tentoku">Tentoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cwa" title="Ōwa">Ōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kōhō">Kōhō</a> </td> <td>924–967 (42 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Daigo; younger brother of Emperor Suzaku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh139–142Brown295–298Varley183–190Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage666_667]-86">[76]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>63 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Norihara 憲平 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reizei" title="Emperor Reizei">Emperor Reizei</a> 冷泉天皇 </td> <td>967–969 (2 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kōhō">Kōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anna_(era)" title="Anna (era)">Anna</a> </td> <td>949–1011 (62 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Murakami. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh142–143Brown289Varley190–191Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage786_786]-87">[77]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>64 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Morihira 守平 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor En'yū">Emperor En'yū</a> 円融天皇 </td> <td>969–984 (15 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Anna_(era)" title="Anna (era)">Anna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenroku" title="Tenroku">Tenroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten%27en" title="Ten'en">Ten'en</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Heian_period)" title="Jōgen (Heian period)">Jōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengen_(era)" title="Tengen (era)">Tengen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eikan" title="Eikan">Eikan</a> </td> <td>958–991 (32 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Murakami; younger brother of Emperor Reizei. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh144–148Brown299–300Varley191–192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage182_182]-88">[78]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>65 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Kazan_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="306" data-file-height="680" /></a> </td> <td>Morosada 師貞 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kazan" title="Emperor Kazan">Emperor Kazan</a> 花山天皇 </td> <td>984–986 (2 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Eikan" title="Eikan">Eikan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanna_(era)" title="Kanna (era)">Kanna</a> </td> <td>968–1008 (39 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Reizei; nephew of Emperor En'yū. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh148–149Brown300–302Varley192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage500_501]-89">[79]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>66 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1939" data-file-height="2240" /></a> </td> <td>Kanehito 懐仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ichijō">Emperor Ichijō</a> 一条天皇 </td> <td>986–1011 (25 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kanna_(era)" title="Kanna (era)">Kanna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eien" title="Eien">Eien</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiso_(era)" title="Eiso (era)">Eiso</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dryaku" title="Shōryaku">Shōryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dtoku" title="Chōtoku">Chōtoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dh%C5%8D_(era)" title="Chōhō (era)">Chōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kank%C5%8D" title="Kankō">Kankō</a> </td> <td>980–1011 (31 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Emperor En'yū. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh150–154Brown302–307Varley192–195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage368_369]-90">[80]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>67 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="128" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2121" data-file-height="2710" /></a> </td> <td>Okisada<a href="#cite_note-91">[xi]</a> 居貞 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sanjō">Emperor Sanjō</a> 三条天皇 </td> <td>1011–1016 (5 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kank%C5%8D" title="Kankō">Kankō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dwa" title="Chōwa">Chōwa</a> </td> <td>975–1017 (42 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Reizei; half-brother of Emperor Kazan; cousin of Emperor Ichijō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh154–155Brown307Varley195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage818_818]-92">[81]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>68 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Atsuhira<a href="#cite_note-93">[xii]</a> 敦成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Ichijō">Emperor Go-Ichijō</a> 後一条天皇 </td> <td>1016–1036 (20 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dwa" title="Chōwa">Chōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kannin" title="Kannin">Kannin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jian_(era)" title="Jian (era)">Jian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manju_(era)" title="Manju (era)">Manju</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dgen" title="Chōgen">Chōgen</a> </td> <td>1008–1036 (27 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ichijō; cousin of Emperor Sanjō.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh156–160Brown307–310Varley195–196Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_253]-94">[82]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>69 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bf/Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Suzaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="907" data-file-height="1123" /></a> </td> <td>Atsunaga 敦良 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Suzaku" title="Emperor Go-Suzaku">Emperor Go-Suzaku</a> 後朱雀天皇 </td> <td>1036–1045 (9 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dgen" title="Chōgen">Chōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dryaku" title="Chōryaku">Chōryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Chōkyū">Chōkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kantoku" title="Kantoku">Kantoku</a> </td> <td>1009–1045 (37 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ichijō; younger brother of Emperor Go-Ichijō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh160–162Brown310–311Varley197Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_262]-95">[83]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>70 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Chikahito 親仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Reizei" title="Emperor Go-Reizei">Emperor Go-Reizei</a> 後冷泉天皇 </td> <td>1045–1068 (23 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kantoku" title="Kantoku">Kantoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eish%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Eishō (Heian period)">Eishō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tengi" title="Tengi">Tengi</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dhei" title="Kōhei">Kōhei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiryaku" title="Jiryaku">Jiryaku</a> </td> <td>1025–1068 (42 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Suzaku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh162–166Brown311–314Varley197–198Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_258]-96">[84]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>71 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-sanj%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="853" data-file-height="1067" /></a> </td> <td>Takahito 尊仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Sanjō">Emperor Go-Sanjō</a> 後三条天皇 </td> <td>1068–1073 (5 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Jiryaku" title="Jiryaku">Jiryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%AB" title="Enkyū">Enkyū</a> </td> <td>1032–1073 (40 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Suzaku; half-brother of Emperor Go-Reizei. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh166–168Brown314–315Varley198–199Nussbaum259-97">[85]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>72 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg/100px-Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="92" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg/150px-Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg/200px-Emperor_Shirakawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4100" data-file-height="3780" /></a> </td> <td>Sadahito 貞仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Emperor Shirakawa</a> 白河天皇 </td> <td>1073–1087 (14 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%AB" title="Enkyū">Enkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Jōhō">Jōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dryaku" title="Jōryaku">Jōryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eih%C5%8D" title="Eihō">Eihō</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ctoku" title="Ōtoku">Ōtoku</a> </td> <td>1053–1129 (76 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Sanjō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh169–171Brown315–317Varley199–202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage872_872]-98">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>73 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/100px-%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/150px-%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg/200px-%E5%A0%80%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87.jpg 2x" data-file-width="479" data-file-height="479" /></a> </td> <td>Taruhito<a href="#cite_note-99">[xiii]</a> 善仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Emperor Horikawa</a> 堀河天皇 </td> <td>1087–1107 (20 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kanji_(era)" title="Kanji (era)">Kanji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kah%C5%8D" title="Kahō">Kahō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eich%C5%8D" title="Eichō">Eichō</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dtoku" title="Jōtoku">Jōtoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Heian_period)" title="Kōwa (Heian period)">Kōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dji" title="Chōji">Chōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaj%C5%8D" title="Kajō">Kajō</a> </td> <td>1079–1107 (28 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Shirakawa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh172–178Brown317–320Varley202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage352_352]-100">[87]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>74 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Toba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emperor_Toba.jpg/100px-Emperor_Toba.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emperor_Toba.jpg/150px-Emperor_Toba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/Emperor_Toba.jpg/200px-Emperor_Toba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2072" data-file-height="2451" /></a> </td> <td>Munehito 宗仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Emperor Toba</a> 鳥羽天皇 </td> <td>1107–1123 (16 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kaj%C5%8D" title="Kajō">Kajō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tennin_(era)" title="Tennin (era)">Tennin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten%27ei" title="Ten'ei">Ten'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%AB" title="Eikyū">Eikyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gen%27ei" title="Gen'ei">Gen'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dan" title="Hōan">Hōan</a> </td> <td>1103–1156 (53 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Horikawa. Forced to abdicate by Emperor Shirakawa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh178–181Brown320–322Varley203–204Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage966_967]-101">[88]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>75 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg/100px-Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg/150px-Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg/200px-Emperor_Sutoku2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2500" data-file-height="2680" /></a> </td> <td>Akihito 顕仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sutoku" title="Emperor Sutoku">Emperor Sutoku</a> 崇徳天皇 </td> <td>1123–1142 (19 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dan" title="Hōan">Hōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenji_(era)" title="Tenji (era)">Tenji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daiji_(era)" title="Daiji (era)">Daiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Heian_period)" title="Tenshō (Heian period)">Tenshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Chōshō">Chōshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Den" title="Hōen">Hōen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiji_(era)" title="Eiji (era)">Eiji</a> </td> <td>1119–1164 (45 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Toba. Abdicated. Attempted to depose Emperor Go-Shirakawa during the <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_rebellion" title="Hōgen rebellion">Hōgen rebellion</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh181–185Brown322–324Varley204–205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]-102">[89]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>76 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/100px-Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/150px-Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/200px-Emperor_Konoe_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1382" data-file-height="1842" /></a> </td> <td>Narihito 体仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Konoe" title="Emperor Konoe">Emperor Konoe</a> 近衛天皇 </td> <td>1142–1155 (13 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Eiji_(era)" title="Eiji (era)">Eiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Heian_period)" title="Kōji (Heian period)">Kōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten%27y%C5%8D" title="Ten'yō">Ten'yō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABan" title="Kyūan">Kyūan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninpei" title="Ninpei">Ninpei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABju" title="Kyūju">Kyūju</a> </td> <td>1139–1155 (16 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Toba; half-brother of Emperor Sutoku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh186–188Brown324–326Varley205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage558_559]-103">[90]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>77 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Shirakawa2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2450" data-file-height="2680" /></a> </td> <td>Masahito 雅仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa" title="Emperor Go-Shirakawa">Emperor Go-Shirakawa</a> 後白河天皇 </td> <td>1155–1158 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%ABju" title="Kyūju">Kyūju</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_(era)" title="Hōgen (era)">Hōgen</a> </td> <td>1127–1192 (64 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Toba; younger brother of Emperor Sutoku; half-brother of Emperor Konoe. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh188–190Brown326–327Varley205–208Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage260_261]-104">[91]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>78 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Nijotenno.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nijotenno.jpg/100px-Nijotenno.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nijotenno.jpg/150px-Nijotenno.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Nijotenno.jpg/200px-Nijotenno.jpg 2x" data-file-width="993" data-file-height="1014" /></a> </td> <td>Morihito 守仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Nijō">Emperor Nijō</a> 二条天皇 </td> <td>1158–1165 (7 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dgen_(era)" title="Hōgen (era)">Hōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Heiji" title="Heiji">Heiji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiryaku" title="Eiryaku">Eiryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Ch%C5%8D" title="Ōhō">Ōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dkan" title="Chōkan">Chōkan</a> </td> <td>1143–1165 (22 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh191–194Brown327–329Varley208–212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage712_712]-105">[92]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>79 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/100px-Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/150px-Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/200px-Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1877" /></a> </td> <td>Nobuhito<a href="#cite_note-106">[xiv]</a> 順仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Rokujō">Emperor Rokujō</a> 六条天皇 </td> <td>1165–1168 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dkan" title="Chōkan">Chōkan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiman" title="Eiman">Eiman</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nin%27an" title="Nin'an">Nin'an</a> </td> <td>1164–1176 (11 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Nijō. Deposed by Emperor Go-Shirakawa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage794_794]-107">[93]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>80 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Takakura.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emperor_Takakura.jpg/100px-Emperor_Takakura.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emperor_Takakura.jpg/150px-Emperor_Takakura.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Emperor_Takakura.jpg/200px-Emperor_Takakura.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2360" data-file-height="2678" /></a> </td> <td>Norihito<a href="#cite_note-108">[xv]</a> 憲仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Takakura" title="Emperor Takakura">Emperor Takakura</a> 高倉天皇 </td> <td>1168–1180 (12 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Nin%27an" title="Nin'an">Nin'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ka%C5%8D_(era)" title="Kaō (era)">Kaō</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dan_(era)" title="Jōan (era)">Jōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Angen" title="Angen">Angen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jish%C5%8D" title="Jishō">Jishō</a> </td> <td>1161–1181 (19 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Shirakawa; half-brother of Emperor Nijō; uncle of Emperor Rokujō. Forced to abdicate by <a href="/wiki/Taira_no_Kiyomori" title="Taira no Kiyomori">Taira no Kiyomori</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage932_933]-109">[94]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>81 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Antoku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emperor_Antoku.jpg/100px-Emperor_Antoku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emperor_Antoku.jpg/150px-Emperor_Antoku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Emperor_Antoku.jpg/200px-Emperor_Antoku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1520" data-file-height="1204" /></a> </td> <td>Tokihito<a href="#cite_note-110">[xvi]</a> 言仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Emperor Antoku</a> 安徳天皇 </td> <td>1180–1185 (5 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Jish%C5%8D" title="Jishō">Jishō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Y%C5%8Dwa" title="Yōwa">Yōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Juei" title="Juei">Juei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genryaku" title="Genryaku">Genryaku</a> </td> <td>1178–1185 (6 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Takakura. Died at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Dan-no-ura" title="Battle of Dan-no-ura">Battle of Dan-no-ura</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh200–207Brown333–334Varley214–215Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_33]-111">[95]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>82 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Toba.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2268" data-file-height="2301" /></a> </td> <td>Takahira<a href="#cite_note-112">[xvii]</a> 尊成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Emperor Go-Toba</a> 後鳥羽天皇 </td> <td>1183–1198 (15 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Juei" title="Juei">Juei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genryaku" title="Genryaku">Genryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunji_(era)" title="Bunji (era)">Bunji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%AB" title="Kenkyū">Kenkyū</a> </td> <td>1180–1239 (58 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Takakura; half-brother of Emperor Antoku. Made emperor by Emperor Go-Shirakawa during the <a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> turned the emperor into a figurehead. Abdicated. Attempted to overthrow the Kamakura shogunate during the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh207–221Brown334–339Varley215–220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_263]-113">[96]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>83 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg/100px-Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="122" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg/150px-Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg/200px-Emperor_Tsuchimikado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2192" data-file-height="2667" /></a> </td> <td>Tamehito 為仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Tsuchimikado">Emperor Tsuchimikado</a> 土御門天皇 </td> <td>1198–1210 (12 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kenky%C5%AB" title="Kenkyū">Kenkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dji_(era)" title="Shōji (era)">Shōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kennin" title="Kennin">Kennin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genky%C5%AB" title="Genkyū">Genkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ken%27ei" title="Ken'ei">Ken'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Heian_period)" title="Jōgen (Heian period)">Jōgen</a> </td> <td>1196–1231 (35 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Toba. Persuaded by Emperor Go-Toba to abdicate. Exiled following the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh221–230Brown339–341Varley220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage998_998]-114">[97]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>84 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg/100px-Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg/150px-Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg/200px-Emperor_Juntoku_large.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2208" data-file-height="2680" /></a> </td> <td>Morinari 守成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Juntoku" title="Emperor Juntoku">Emperor Juntoku</a> 順徳天皇 </td> <td>1210–1221 (11 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dgen_(Heian_period)" title="Jōgen (Heian period)">Jōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenryaku" title="Kenryaku">Kenryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kempo_(era)" title="Kempo (era)">Kempo</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a> </td> <td>1197–1242 (44 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Toba; half-brother of Emperor Tsuchimikado. Forced to abdicate following the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh230–238Brown341–343Varley221–223-115">[98]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>85 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1415" data-file-height="1886" /></a> </td> <td>Kanenari 懐成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Emperor Chūkyō">Emperor Chūkyō</a> 仲恭天皇 </td> <td>1221 (2 months) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a> </td> <td>1218–1234 (15 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Juntoku. Deposed and exiled following the <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB_War" title="Jōkyū War">Jōkyū War</a>. Posthumously named emperor in 1870.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh236–238Brown343–344Varley223–226Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage128_128]-116">[99]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>86 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="112" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Horikawa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2400" data-file-height="2676" /></a> </td> <td>Yutahito<a href="#cite_note-117">[xviii]</a> 茂仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Horikawa" title="Emperor Go-Horikawa">Emperor Go-Horikawa</a> 後堀河天皇 </td> <td>1221–1232 (11 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%AB" title="Jōkyū">Jōkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Jōō (Kamakura period)">Jōō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gennin" title="Gennin">Gennin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karoku" title="Karoku">Karoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antei" title="Antei">Antei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangi" title="Kangi">Kangi</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dei" title="Jōei">Jōei</a> </td> <td>1212–1234 (22 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Takakura; first cousin of Emperor Chūkyō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh238–241Brown344–349Varley226–227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-118">[100]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>87 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Shij%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2180" data-file-height="2677" /></a> </td> <td>Mitsuhito<a href="#cite_note-119">[xix]</a> 秀仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shijō">Emperor Shijō</a> 四条天皇 </td> <td>1232–1242 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dei" title="Jōei">Jōei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenpuku" title="Tenpuku">Tenpuku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunryaku" title="Bunryaku">Bunryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Katei" title="Katei">Katei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryakunin" title="Ryakunin">Ryakunin</a>, <a href="/wiki/En%27%C5%8D" title="En'ō">En'ō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ninji" title="Ninji">Ninji</a> </td> <td>1231–1242 (10 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Horikawa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh242–245Varley227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage856_856]-120">[101]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>88 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Saga.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2520" data-file-height="2677" /></a> </td> <td>Kunihito 邦仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Saga" title="Emperor Go-Saga">Emperor Go-Saga</a> 後嵯峨天皇 </td> <td>1242–1246 (4 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ninji" title="Ninji">Ninji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kangen" title="Kangen">Kangen</a> </td> <td>1220–1272 (51 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Tsuchimikado; second cousin of Emperor Shijō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh245–247Varley228–231Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_259]-121">[102]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>89 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Fukakusa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2250" data-file-height="2678" /></a> </td> <td>Hisahito 久仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa" title="Emperor Go-Fukakusa">Emperor Go-Fukakusa</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[xx]</a> 後深草天皇 </td> <td>1246–1260 (14 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kangen" title="Kangen">Kangen</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dji_(era)" title="Hōji (era)">Hōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kench%C5%8D" title="Kenchō">Kenchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dgen" title="Kōgen">Kōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dka_(era)" title="Shōka (era)">Shōka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgen" title="Shōgen">Shōgen</a> </td> <td>1243–1304 (61 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Saga. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated at the insistence of Emperor Go-Saga.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh248–253Varley231–232Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-123">[103]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>90 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Kameyama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Emperor_Kameyama.jpg/100px-Emperor_Kameyama.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="108" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Emperor_Kameyama.jpg/150px-Emperor_Kameyama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f6/Emperor_Kameyama.jpg/200px-Emperor_Kameyama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2480" data-file-height="2677" /></a> </td> <td>Tsunehito 恒仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Emperor Kameyama</a> 亀山天皇 </td> <td>1260–1274 (14 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dgen" title="Shōgen">Shōgen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bun%27%C5%8D" title="Bun'ō">Bun'ō</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Kōchō">Kōchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bun%27ei" title="Bun'ei">Bun'ei</a> </td> <td>1249–1305 (56 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Saga; younger brother of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. From the Daikakuji line. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh232–233Varley253–261Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage460_461]-124">[104]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>91 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Uda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="2682" /></a> </td> <td>Yohito 世仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Emperor Go-Uda</a> 後宇多天皇 </td> <td>1274–1287 (13 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Bun%27ei" title="Bun'ei">Bun'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenji_(era)" title="Kenji (era)">Kenji</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Kamakura_period)" title="Kōan (Kamakura period)">Kōan</a> </td> <td>1267–1324 (56 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kameyama. From the Daikakuji line. Forced to abdicate by Emperor Go-Fukakusa.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh233–237Varley262–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-125">[105]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>92 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Fushimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Fushimi.jpg/100px-Emperor_Fushimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="116" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Fushimi.jpg/150px-Emperor_Fushimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/Emperor_Fushimi.jpg/200px-Emperor_Fushimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2300" data-file-height="2677" /></a> </td> <td>Hirohito 熈仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Emperor Fushimi</a> 伏見天皇 </td> <td>1287–1298 (11 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Kamakura_period)" title="Kōan (Kamakura period)">Kōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Shōō (Kamakura period)">Shōō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Einin" title="Einin">Einin</a> </td> <td>1265–1317 (52 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Fukakusa. From the Jimyōin line. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh237–238Varley269–274Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-126">[106]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>93 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="119" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Fushimi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2260" data-file-height="2679" /></a> </td> <td>Tanehito 胤仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fushimi" title="Emperor Go-Fushimi">Emperor Go-Fushimi</a> 後伏見天皇 </td> <td>1298–1301 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Einin" title="Einin">Einin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dan" title="Shōan">Shōan</a> </td> <td>1288–1336 (48 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Forced to abdicate by the Daikakuji line. Traditional dates used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh274–275Varley238–239Nussbaum252-127">[107]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>94 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2550" data-file-height="2678" /></a> </td> <td>Kuniharu 邦治 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Nijō">Emperor Go-Nijō</a> 後二条天皇 </td> <td>1301–1308 (7 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dan" title="Shōan">Shōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kengen" title="Kengen">Kengen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kagen" title="Kagen">Kagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tokuji" title="Tokuji">Tokuji</a> </td> <td>1285–1308 (23 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Uda. From the Daikakuji line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh275–278Varley239Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-128">[108]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>95 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg/100px-Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="129" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg/150px-Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/56/Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg/200px-Tenn%C5%8D_Hanazono_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="683" /></a> </td> <td>Tomihito 富仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanazono" title="Emperor Hanazono">Emperor Hanazono</a> 花園天皇 </td> <td>1308–1318 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Kamakura_period)" title="Enkyō (Kamakura period)">Enkyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cch%C5%8D" title="Ōchō">Ōchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_(1312%E2%80%931317)" title="Shōwa (1312–1317)">Shōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunp%C5%8D" title="Bunpō">Bunpō</a> </td> <td>1297–1348 (51 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Fushimi. From the Jimyōin line. Agreed to alternate control of the throne between the Daikakuji and Jimyōin lines.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_278–281Varley239–241Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage284_285]-129">[109]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>96 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg/100px-Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg/150px-Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg/200px-Emperor_Godaigo_by_Monkan-b%C5%8D_K%C5%8Dshin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1863" data-file-height="1860" /></a> </td> <td>Takaharu 尊治 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Emperor Go-Daigo</a> 後醍醐天皇 </td> <td>1318–1339 (21 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Bunp%C5%8D" title="Bunpō">Bunpō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gen%27%C5%8D" title="Gen'ō">Gen'ō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_(1321%E2%80%9324)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genkō (1321–24)">Genkō (1321–24)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%AB_(era)" title="Shōchū (era)">Shōchū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Karyaku" title="Karyaku">Karyaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gentoku" title="Gentoku">Gentoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_(1331%E2%80%9334)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genkō (1331–34)">Genkō (1331–34)</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kenmu" title="Kenmu">Kenmu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Engen" title="Engen">Engen</a> </td> <td>1288–1339 (50 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Uda; younger brother of Emperor Go-Nijō. From the Daikakuji line. <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> ended in the <a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a>. Brief imperial rule during the <a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a>. Opposed the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a>. Became the first emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_290–294Varley241–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]-130">[110]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>97 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="106" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Murakami_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1537" data-file-height="1628" /></a> </td> <td>Noriyoshi<a href="#cite_note-131">[xxi]</a> 義良 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Emperor Go-Murakami</a> 後村上天皇 </td> <td>1339–1368 (29 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Engen" title="Engen">Engen</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dkoku" title="Kōkoku">Kōkoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei" title="Shōhei">Shōhei</a> </td> <td>1328–1368 (40 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Daigo. Second emperor of the Southern Court. Southern Court briefly took the Northern Court's capital, Kyoto, during the <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D_disturbance" title="Kannō disturbance">Kannō disturbance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarley269–270Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-132">[111]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>98 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td>Yutanari 寛成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%8Dkei" title="Emperor Chōkei">Emperor Chōkei</a> 長慶天皇 </td> <td>1368–1383 (15 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dhei" title="Shōhei">Shōhei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kentoku" title="Kentoku">Kentoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunch%C5%AB" title="Bunchū">Bunchū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenju" title="Tenju">Tenju</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōwa (Muromachi period)">Kōwa</a> </td> <td>1343–1394 (51 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Murakami. Third emperor of the Southern Court. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA120_Chōkei_Tennō],_p._120-133">[112]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>99 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Kameyama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1700" data-file-height="2816" /></a> </td> <td>Hironari 熙成 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kameyama" title="Emperor Go-Kameyama">Emperor Go-Kameyama</a> 後亀山天皇 </td> <td>1383–1392 (9 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōwa (Muromachi period)">Kōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gench%C5%AB" title="Genchū">Genchū</a> </td> <td><abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1347–1424 (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 77 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Murakami; younger brother of Emperor Chōkei. Fourth and last emperor of the Southern Court. Agreed to peace with the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of the Northern Court line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA253_"Go-Kameyama_Tennō"],_pp._253–255-134">[113]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(1) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg/100px-%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg/150px-%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg/200px-%E5%85%89%E5%8E%B3%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%87%E5%83%8F.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1330" data-file-height="2656" /></a> </td> <td>Kazuhito 量仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Kōgon">Emperor Kōgon</a> 光厳天皇 </td> <td>1331–1333 (2 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Gentoku" title="Gentoku">Gentoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Shōkyō">Shōkyō</a> </td> <td>1313–1364 (51 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Fushimi; nephew and adopted son of Emperor Hanazono. From the Jimyōin line. Made the first emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a> by the <a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a>. Deposed by Emperor Go-Daigo of the Daikakuji line. Captured by the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Court" title="Southern Court">Southern Court</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D_disturbance" title="Kannō disturbance">Kannō disturbance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh286–289Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage344_344],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]-135">[114]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(2) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1628" data-file-height="2400" /></a> </td> <td>Yutahito 豊仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōmyō">Emperor Kōmyō</a> 光明天皇 </td> <td>1336–1348 (12 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kenmu" title="Kenmu">Kenmu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ryaku%C5%8D" title="Ryakuō">Ryakuō</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dei" title="Kōei">Kōei</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Jōwa (Muromachi period)">Jōwa</a> </td> <td>1322–1380 (58 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Fushimi; younger brother of Emperor Kōgon. Made second emperor of the Northern Court by the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a>. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D_disturbance" title="Kannō disturbance">Kannō disturbance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh294–298Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]-136">[115]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(3) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Suk%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Suk%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="130" data-file-height="173" /></a> </td> <td>Okihito<a href="#cite_note-137">[xxii]</a> 興仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sukō">Emperor Sukō</a> 崇光天皇 </td> <td>1348–1351 (3 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dwa_(Muromachi_period)" title="Jōwa (Muromachi period)">Jōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D" title="Kannō">Kannō</a> </td> <td>1334–1398 (64 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōgon; nephew of Emperor Kōmyō. Third emperor of the Northern Court. Abdicated. Captured by the Southern Court during the <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D_disturbance" title="Kannō disturbance">Kannō disturbance</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh298–301Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_911]-138">[116]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(4) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3350" data-file-height="2677" /></a> </td> <td>Iyahito 彌仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Go-Kōgon">Emperor Go-Kōgon</a> 後光厳天皇 </td> <td>1352–1371 (19 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Bunna" title="Bunna">Bunna</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dan_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōan (Muromachi period)">Kōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dji" title="Jōji">Jōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Can" title="Ōan">Ōan</a> </td> <td>1338–1374 (36 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōgon; younger brother of Emperor Sukō. Became the fourth Emperor of the Northern Court after the <a href="/wiki/Kann%C5%8D_disturbance" title="Kannō disturbance">Kannō disturbance</a>. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh302–309Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage254_255]-139">[117]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(5) </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB_detail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1888" data-file-height="2381" /></a> </td> <td>Ohito 緒仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor Go-En'yū">Emperor Go-En'yū</a> 後円融天皇 </td> <td>1371–1382 (11 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Can" title="Ōan">Ōan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiwa" title="Eiwa">Eiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dryaku" title="Kōryaku">Kōryaku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eitoku" title="Eitoku">Eitoku</a> </td> <td>1359–1393 (34 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Kōgon. Fifth emperor of the Northern Court. Abdicated in favor of Emperor Go-Komatsu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh310–316Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]-140">[118]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>(6) </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Komatsu.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5515" data-file-height="4749" /></a> </td> <td rowspan="2">Motohito 幹仁 </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Emperor Go-Komatsu</a><a href="#cite_note-141">[xxiii]</a> 後小松天皇 </td> <td>1382–1392 (10 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Eitoku" title="Eitoku">Eitoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shitoku" title="Shitoku">Shitoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakei" title="Kakei">Kakei</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8D%C5%8D" title="Kōō">Kōō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meitoku" title="Meitoku">Meitoku</a> </td> <td rowspan="2">1377–1433 (56 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-En'yū. Sixth and last emperor of the Northern Court from 1382 until 1392. Became the legitimate emperor following Emperor Go-Kameyama's abdication. Agreed to alternate control of the throne by the Northern Court and the Southern Court. All emperors after him are from the Northern line.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327-142">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]-143">[120]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>100 </td> <td>1392–1412 (20 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Meitoku" title="Meitoku">Meitoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cei" title="Ōei">Ōei</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>101 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/100px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/150px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg/200px-Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D_by_K%C5%8Dtar%C5%8D_Miyake.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1408" data-file-height="1876" /></a> </td> <td>Mihito<a href="#cite_note-144">[xxiv]</a> 実仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shōkō">Emperor Shōkō</a> 称光天皇 </td> <td>5 October 1412 – 30 August 1428 (15 years, 330 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cei" title="Ōei">Ōei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Shōchō">Shōchō</a> </td> <td>12 May 1401 – 30 August 1428 (27 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Komatsu.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh327–331Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage882_883]-145">[121]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>102 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Hanazono2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1430" data-file-height="1900" /></a> </td> <td>Hikohito 彦仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Hanazono" title="Emperor Go-Hanazono">Emperor Go-Hanazono</a> 後花園天皇 </td> <td>7 September 1428 – 21 August 1464 (35 years, 349 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dch%C5%8D" title="Shōchō">Shōchō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiky%C5%8D" title="Eikyō">Eikyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kakitsu" title="Kakitsu">Kakitsu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bun%27an" title="Bun'an">Bun'an</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dtoku" title="Hōtoku">Hōtoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dtoku" title="Kyōtoku">Kyōtoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Kōshō">Kōshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Droku" title="Chōroku">Chōroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansh%C5%8D" title="Kanshō">Kanshō</a> </td> <td>10 July 1419 – 18 January 1471 (51 years) <hr />Great-grandson of Northern Emperor Sukō; third cousin of Emperor Shōkō. Abdicated. Traditional dates used.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh331–351Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-146">[122]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>103 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2390" data-file-height="3490" /></a> </td> <td>Fusahito 成仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado">Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado</a> 後土御門天皇 </td> <td>21 August 1464 – 21 October 1500 (36 years, 61 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kansh%C5%8D" title="Kanshō">Kanshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunsh%C5%8D" title="Bunshō">Bunshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin" title="Ōnin">Ōnin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunmei" title="Bunmei">Bunmei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ch%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Chōkyō">Chōkyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Entoku" title="Entoku">Entoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mei%C5%8D" title="Meiō">Meiō</a> </td> <td>3 July 1442 – 21 October 1500 (58 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Hanazono. <a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a> led to the start of the <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh352–364Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-147">[123]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>104 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2350" data-file-height="3500" /></a> </td> <td>Katsuhito 勝仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara" title="Emperor Go-Kashiwabara">Emperor Go-Kashiwabara</a><a href="#cite_note-148">[xxv]</a> 後柏原天皇 </td> <td>16 November 1500 – 18 May 1526 (25 years, 183 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Mei%C5%8D" title="Meiō">Meiō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunki" title="Bunki">Bunki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Daiei_(era)" title="Daiei (era)">Daiei</a> </td> <td>19 November 1462 – 18 May 1526 (63 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado. Imperial rule in the <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a> reached its lowest point in his reign.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh364–372-149">[124]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>105 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Nara.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2030" data-file-height="1650" /></a> </td> <td>Tomohito 知仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Emperor Go-Nara</a><a href="#cite_note-150">[xxvi]</a> 後奈良天皇 </td> <td>9 June 1526 – 27 September 1557 (31 years, 110 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Daiei_(era)" title="Daiei (era)">Daiei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Droku" title="Kyōroku">Kyōroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenbun" title="Tenbun">Tenbun</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōji (Muromachi period)">Kōji</a> </td> <td>26 January 1495 – 27 September 1557 (62 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Kashiwabara.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh372–382Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-151">[125]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>106 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg/100px-Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg/150px-Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2f/Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg/200px-Emperor_Ogimachi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="750" /></a> </td> <td>Michihito 方仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Emperor Ōgimachi</a> 正親町天皇 </td> <td>17 November 1557 – 17 December 1586 (29 years, 30 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dji_(Muromachi_period)" title="Kōji (Muromachi period)">Kōji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eiroku" title="Eiroku">Eiroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genki_(era)" title="Genki (era)">Genki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Momoyama_period)" title="Tenshō (Momoyama period)">Tenshō</a> </td> <td>18 June 1517 – 6 February 1593 (75 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Nara. <a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a> overthrown by <a href="/wiki/Oda_Nobunaga" title="Oda Nobunaga">Oda Nobunaga</a>. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh382–402Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage738_739]-152">[126]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>107 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/32/Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Yozei3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1426" data-file-height="1610" /></a> </td> <td>Katahito<a href="#cite_note-153">[xxvii]</a> 周仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Emperor Go-Yōzei</a> 後陽成天皇 </td> <td>17 December 1586 – 9 May 1611 (24 years, 143 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Tensh%C5%8D_(Momoyama_period)" title="Tenshō (Momoyama period)">Tenshō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunroku" title="Bunroku">Bunroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a> </td> <td>31 December 1571 – 25 September 1617 (45 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Ōgimachi. <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a> established. <a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> ended.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh402–409Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-154">[127]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>108 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Mizunoo3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1619" data-file-height="1800" /></a> </td> <td>Kotohito<a href="#cite_note-155">[xxviii]</a> 政仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Emperor Go-Mizunoo</a><a href="#cite_note-156">[xxix]</a> 後水尾天皇 </td> <td>9 May 1611 – 22 December 1629 (18 years, 227 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Keich%C5%8D" title="Keichō">Keichō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genna" title="Genna">Genna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a> </td> <td>29 June 1596 – 11 September 1680 (84 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Yōzei. Japan implements <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">isolationist policy</a>. <a href="/wiki/Purple_Robe_Incident" title="Purple Robe Incident">Purple Robe Incident</a> led to his abdication.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh410–411Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]-157">[128]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>109 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Meisho_of_Japan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Meisho_of_Japan.jpg/100px-Meisho_of_Japan.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Meisho_of_Japan.jpg/150px-Meisho_of_Japan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Meisho_of_Japan.jpg/200px-Meisho_of_Japan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="647" data-file-height="845" /></a> </td> <td>Okiko 興子 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Meish%C5%8D" title="Empress Meishō">Empress Meishō</a> 明正天皇 </td> <td>22 December 1629 – 14 November 1643 (13 years, 327 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a> </td> <td>9 January 1624 – 4 December 1696 (72 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Go-Mizunoo. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh411–412Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_625]-158">[129]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>110 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5200" data-file-height="4850" /></a> </td> <td>Tsuguhito 紹仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Emperor Go-Kōmyō</a> 後光明天皇 </td> <td>14 November 1643 – 30 October 1654 (10 years, 350 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kan%27ei" title="Kan'ei">Kan'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Shōhō">Shōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Keian" title="Keian">Keian</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a> </td> <td>20 April 1633 – 30 October 1654 (21 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo; younger brother of Empress Meishō.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh412–413Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]-159">[130]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>111 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="118" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Sai.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5296" /></a> </td> <td>Nagahito<a href="#cite_note-160">[xxx]</a> 良仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sai" title="Emperor Go-Sai">Emperor Go-Sai</a><a href="#cite_note-161">[xxxi]</a> 後西天皇 </td> <td>5 January 1655 – 5 March 1663 (8 years, 59 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8D%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Jōō (Edo period)">Jōō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meireki" title="Meireki">Meireki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manji_(era)" title="Manji (era)">Manji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanbun_(era)" title="Kanbun (era)">Kanbun</a> </td> <td>1 January 1638 – 22 March 1685 (47 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Mizunoo; younger half-brother of Empress Meishō and Emperor Go-Kōmyō. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh413-162">[131]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>112 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Reigen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Emperor_Reigen.jpg/100px-Emperor_Reigen.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Emperor_Reigen.jpg/150px-Emperor_Reigen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Emperor_Reigen.jpg/200px-Emperor_Reigen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1680" data-file-height="1620" /></a> </td> <td>Satohito 識仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reigen" title="Emperor Reigen">Emperor Reigen</a> 霊元天皇 </td> <td>5 March 1663 – 2 May 1687 (24 years, 58 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kanbun_(era)" title="Kanbun (era)">Kanbun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enp%C5%8D" title="Enpō">Enpō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenna" title="Tenna">Tenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Jōkyō">Jōkyō</a> </td> <td>9 July 1654 – 24 September 1732 (78 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Go-Sai. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh414–415Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage784_785]-163">[132]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>113 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg/100px-Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg/150px-Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg/200px-Emperor_Higashiyama.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4660" data-file-height="5000" /></a> </td> <td>Asahito<a href="#cite_note-164">[xxxii]</a> 朝仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Higashiyama" title="Emperor Higashiyama">Emperor Higashiyama</a> 東山天皇 </td> <td>2 May 1687 – 27 July 1709 (22 years, 86 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dky%C5%8D" title="Jōkyō">Jōkyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genroku" title="Genroku">Genroku</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dei" title="Hōei">Hōei</a> </td> <td>21 October 1675 – 16 January 1710 (34 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Reigen. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh415–416Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage310_310]-165">[133]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>114 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg/100px-Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="114" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg/150px-Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg/200px-Emperor_Nakamikado.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4400" data-file-height="4998" /></a> </td> <td>Yasuhito<a href="#cite_note-166">[xxxiii]</a> 慶仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nakamikado" title="Emperor Nakamikado">Emperor Nakamikado</a> 中御門天皇 </td> <td>27 July 1709 – 13 April 1735 (25 years, 260 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dei" title="Hōei">Hōei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dtoku_(era)" title="Shōtoku (era)">Shōtoku</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kyōhō">Kyōhō</a> </td> <td>14 January 1702 – 10 May 1737 (35 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Higashiyama. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh416–417Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage690_690]-167">[134]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>115 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg/100px-Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="107" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg/150px-Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg/200px-Emperor_Sakuramachi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1706" data-file-height="1822" /></a> </td> <td>Teruhito 昭仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sakuramachi" title="Emperor Sakuramachi">Emperor Sakuramachi</a> 桜町天皇 </td> <td>13 April 1735 – 9 June 1747 (12 years, 57 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dh%C5%8D" title="Kyōhō">Kyōhō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genbun" title="Genbun">Genbun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kanp%C5%8D" title="Kanpō">Kanpō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Enkyō (Edo period)">Enkyō</a> </td> <td>8 February 1720 – 28 May 1750 (30 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Nakamikado. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh417–418Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage814_814]-168">[135]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>116 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Momozono.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emperor_Momozono.jpg/100px-Emperor_Momozono.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emperor_Momozono.jpg/150px-Emperor_Momozono.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Emperor_Momozono.jpg/200px-Emperor_Momozono.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4609" data-file-height="4500" /></a> </td> <td>Tōhito 遐仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Momozono" title="Emperor Momozono">Emperor Momozono</a> 桃園天皇 </td> <td>9 June 1747 – 1762 (14–15 years) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Enky%C5%8D_(Edo_period)" title="Enkyō (Edo period)">Enkyō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kan%27en" title="Kan'en">Kan'en</a>, <a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dreki" title="Hōreki">Hōreki</a> </td> <td>14 April 1741 – 31 August 1762 (21 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Sakuramachi. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh418–419Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage656_656]-169">[136]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>117 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg/100px-Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="136" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg/150px-Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/88/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg/200px-Empress_Go-Sakuramachi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="609" data-file-height="829" /></a> </td> <td>Toshiko 智子 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi" title="Empress Go-Sakuramachi">Empress Go-Sakuramachi</a> 後桜町天皇 </td> <td>15 September 1762 – 9 January 1771 (8 years, 116 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/H%C5%8Dreki" title="Hōreki">Hōreki</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meiwa" title="Meiwa">Meiwa</a> </td> <td>23 September 1740 – 24 December 1813 (73 years) <hr />Daughter of Emperor Sakuramachi; younger sister of Emperor Momozono. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh419-170">[137]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>118 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg/100px-Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg/150px-Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg/200px-Emperor_Go-Momozono.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1885" data-file-height="2647" /></a> </td> <td>Hidehito 英仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Momozono" title="Emperor Go-Momozono">Emperor Go-Momozono</a> 後桃園天皇 </td> <td>9 January 1771 – 16 December 1779 (8 years, 341 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Meiwa" title="Meiwa">Meiwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/An%27ei" title="An'ei">An'ei</a> </td> <td>5 August 1758 – 16 December 1779 (21 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Momozono; nephew of Empress Go-Sakuramachi.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh419–420Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-171">[138]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>119 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg/100px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg/150px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg/200px-Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5432" data-file-height="4708" /></a> </td> <td>Morohito 師仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku" title="Emperor Kōkaku">Emperor Kōkaku</a> 光格天皇 </td> <td>16 December 1779 – 7 May 1817 (37 years, 142 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/An%27ei" title="An'ei">An'ei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenmei" title="Tenmei">Tenmei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kansei" title="Kansei">Kansei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ky%C5%8Dwa" title="Kyōwa">Kyōwa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a> </td> <td>23 September 1771 – 11 December 1840 (69 years) <hr />Great-grandson of Emperor Higashiyama; cousin and adopted son of Emperor Go-Momozono. Abdicated.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh420–421Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_546]-172">[139]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>120 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg/100px-Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg/150px-Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg/200px-Emperor_Nink%C5%8D.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4500" data-file-height="5000" /></a> </td> <td>Ayahito 恵仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninkō">Emperor Ninkō</a> 仁孝天皇 </td> <td>7 May 1817 – 21 February 1846 (28 years, 290 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Bunka" title="Bunka">Bunka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunsei" title="Bunsei">Bunsei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tenp%C5%8D" title="Tenpō">Tenpō</a>, <a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka" title="Kōka">Kōka</a> </td> <td>16 March 1800 – 21 February 1846 (45 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōkaku.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_"Ninkō_Tennō"],_p._716-173">[140]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>121 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png/100px-Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="164" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png/150px-Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png/200px-Emperor_Komei_Portrait_by_Koyama_Shotaro_1902.png 2x" data-file-width="641" data-file-height="1051" /></a> </td> <td>Osahito 統仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Emperor Kōmei</a> 孝明天皇 </td> <td>10 March 1846 – 30 January 1867 (20 years, 326 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/K%C5%8Dka" title="Kōka">Kōka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kaei" title="Kaei">Kaei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ansei" title="Ansei">Ansei</a>, <a href="/wiki/Man%27en" title="Man'en">Man'en</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bunky%C5%AB" title="Bunkyū">Bunkyū</a>, <a href="/wiki/Genji_(era)" class="mw-redirect" title="Genji (era)">Genji</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a> </td> <td>22 July 1831 – 30 January 1867 (35 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Ninkō. Reigned during the <a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a> period during which Japan ended its <a href="/wiki/Sakoku" title="Sakoku">isolationist policy</a> and changed from Tokugawa rule to Imperial rule. Last instance of an emperor with multiple <a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">era names</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage553_"Kōmei_Tennō"],_p._553-174">[141]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>122 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg/100px-Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg/150px-Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg/200px-Emperor_Meiji_painted_by_Takagi_Haisui.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="571" /></a> </td> <td>Mutsuhito 睦仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Emperor Meiji</a> 明治天皇 </td> <td>30 January 1867 – 30 July 1912 (45 years, 182 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Kei%C5%8D" title="Keiō">Keiō</a>, <a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji</a> </td> <td>3 November 1852 – 30 July 1912 (Aged 59) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōmei. Ended the <a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_Shogunate" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokugawa Shogunate">Tokugawa Shogunate</a> with the <a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a> (3 January 1868). First emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_"Meiji_Tennō"],_p._624-175">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-HDJFP-176">[143]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>123 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/100px-Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/150px-Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/200px-Emperor_Taish%C5%8D_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="929" /></a> </td> <td>Yoshihito 嘉仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Emperor Taishō</a> 大正天皇 </td> <td>30 July 1912 – 25 December 1926 (14 years, 148 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō</a> </td> <td>31 August 1879 – 25 December 1926 (Aged 47) <hr />Son of Emperor Meiji. <a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_Democracy" title="Taishō Democracy">Taishō Democracy</a> shifted political power from the <a href="/wiki/Genr%C5%8D" title="Genrō">genrō</a> to the Imperial Diet and political parties. His eldest son, Crown Prince Hirohito, served as <a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Sesshō</a> (摂政; "Regent") from 1921 to 1926 because of Taishō's illness.<a href="#cite_note-HDJFP-176">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Taishō_Tennō"],_p._929-177">[144]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>124 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_(cropped_2).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/100px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/150px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg/200px-Hirohito_in_dress_uniform_%28cropped_2%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="1410" /></a> </td> <td>Hirohito 裕仁 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Emperor Shōwa</a> 昭和天皇 </td> <td>25 December 1926 – <a href="/wiki/Death_and_state_funeral_of_Hirohito" title="Death and state funeral of Hirohito">7 January 1989</a> (62 years, 13 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa</a> </td> <td>29 April 1901 – 7 January 1989 (Aged 87) <hr />Son of Emperor Taishō. Served as Sesshō from 1921 to 1926. Last emperor of the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a>. Reign saw <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and <a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">post-war economic miracle</a>. Longest reigning verifiable emperor in Japanese history.<a href="#cite_note-HDJFP-176">[143]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Hirohito"],_p._318-178">[145]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>125 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Akihito_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Emperor_Akihito_%28cropped%29.jpg/100px-Emperor_Akihito_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Emperor_Akihito_%28cropped%29.jpg/150px-Emperor_Akihito_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Emperor_Akihito_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="188" data-file-height="249" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a> 明仁 </td> <td>Living </td> <td>7 January 1989 – <a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">30 April 2019</a> (30 years, 113 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei</a> </td> <td>born 23 December 1933 (Age 91) <hr />Son of Emperor Shōwa. Abdicated and later referred to as <a href="/wiki/Daij%C5%8D_Tenn%C5%8D" title="Daijō Tennō">Jōkō</a> (上皇; "Emperor Emeritus"). Longest living verifiable emperor.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage19_"Akihito"],_p._19-179">[146]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>126 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_(crop).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg/100px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg/150px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg/200px-Emperor_Naruhito_and_Empress_Masako_20190515_%28crop%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="446" data-file-height="670" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a> 徳仁 </td> <td>Living </td> <td><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">1 May 2019</a> – present (5 years, 295 days) <hr /><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa</a> </td> <td>born 23 February 1960 (Age 64) <hr />Son of Akihito. Referred to as <a href="/wiki/Reigning_Emperor" title="Reigning Emperor">Kinjō Tennō</a> (今上天皇; "the Reigning Emperor") or <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan#Addressing_and_naming" title="Emperor of Japan">Tennō Heika</a> (天皇陛下; "His Majesty the Emperor").<a href="#cite_note-Nikkei-20190430-180">[147]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage699_"Naruhito"],_p._699-181">[148]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Posthumously_recognized_individuals">Posthumously recognized individuals</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Posthumously recognized individuals">edit</a>]</div> This is a list of individuals who did not reign as emperor during their lifetime but were later recognized as Japanese emperors posthumously. <table class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col">Portrait </th> <th scope="col" width="200px"><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Personal name</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="200px"><a href="/wiki/Posthumous_name" title="Posthumous name">Posthumous name</a> </th> <th scope="col" width="180px" class="unsortable">Year recognized </th> <th scope="col" width="320px" class="unsortable">Life details </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Kusakabe" title="Prince Kusakabe">Prince Kusakabe</a> 草壁皇子 </td> <td>Emperor Oka 岡宮天皇 </td> <td>759 </td> <td>662–689 (27 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Tenmu; husband of Empress Genmei; father of Emperor Monmu and Empress Genshō. Made crown prince in 681; heir to Emperor Tenmu. Died prior to acceding the throne following Emperor Tenmu's death.<a href="#cite_note-182">[149]</a><a href="#cite_note-183">[150]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Toneri.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Prince_Toneri.jpg/100px-Prince_Toneri.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="196" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Prince_Toneri.jpg/150px-Prince_Toneri.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Prince_Toneri.jpg/200px-Prince_Toneri.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="1471" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Toneri" title="Prince Toneri">Prince Toneri</a> 舎人親王 </td> <td>Emperor Sudōjinkei 崇道尽敬皇帝 </td> <td>759 </td> <td>676–735 (59 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Tenmu; half-brother of Prince Kusakabe; father of Emperor Junnin.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgNzuDwAAQBAJpgPA272_272]-184">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[152]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Shiki" title="Prince Shiki">Prince Shiki</a> 志貴皇子 </td> <td>Emperor Kasuga 春日宮天皇 </td> <td>770 </td> <td>died 716 <hr />Son of Emperor Tenji; half-brother of Emperor Tenmu, Empress Jitō, Empress Genmei and Emperor Kōbun; father of Emperor Kōnin; half-uncle of Prince Kusakabe and Prince Toneri.<a href="#cite_note-Ponsonby-186">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-187">[154]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/100px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/150px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg/200px-Imperial_Seal_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="990" data-file-height="990" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Sawara" title="Prince Sawara">Prince Sawara</a> 早良親王 </td> <td>Emperor Sudō 崇道天皇 </td> <td>800 </td> <td>750–785 (35 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Kōnin; younger brother of Emperor Kanmu. Made crown prince in 781. Implicated in the assassination of <a href="/wiki/Fujiwara_no_Tanetsugu" title="Fujiwara no Tanetsugu">Fujiwara no Tanetsugu</a>. Died on the way to exile.<a href="#cite_note-Ponsonby-186">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[155]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:Prince_Sanehito.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prince_Sanehito.jpg/100px-Prince_Sanehito.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="193" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prince_Sanehito.jpg/150px-Prince_Sanehito.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Prince_Sanehito.jpg/200px-Prince_Sanehito.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1528" data-file-height="2954" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Prince_Masahito" title="Prince Masahito">Prince Masahito</a> 誠仁親王 </td> <td>Yōkōin 陽光院 </td> <td>Before 1611 </td> <td>1552–1586 (34 years) <hr />Son of Emperor Emperor Ōgimachi; father of Emperor Go-Yōzei. Posthumously recognized as emperor by Emperor Go-Yōzei.<a href="#cite_note-Ponsonby-186">[153]</a><a href="#cite_note-189">[156]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/File:The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg/100px-The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg/150px-The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg/200px-The_prince_Sukehito_Kanninn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2840" data-file-height="2840" /></a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sukehito,_Prince_Kan%27in" title="Sukehito, Prince Kan'in">Sukehito, Prince Kan'in</a> 閑院宮典仁親王 </td> <td>Emperor Kyōkō 慶光天皇 </td> <td>1884 </td> <td>1733–1794 (61 years) <hr />Grandson of Emperor Higashiyama; father of Emperor Kōkaku.<a href="#cite_note-190">[157]</a><a href="#cite_note-191">[158]</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Japan" title="Empress of Japan">Empress of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Japan#List_of_empresses_consort" title="Empress of Japan">List of empresses consort of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Sesshō and Kampaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shogun" title="Shogun">Shogun</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shoguns" title="List of shoguns">List of shoguns</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister of Japan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Japan" title="List of prime ministers of Japan">List of prime ministers of Japan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Japanese_monarchs" title="Family tree of Japanese monarchs">Family tree of Japanese monarchs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princess_Iitoyo" title="Princess Iitoyo">Princess Iitoyo</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notes">Notes</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-roman"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> Early dates vary depending on the author. These are calculated from the reign-lengths given by the <a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a> (<a href="/wiki/Kojiki" title="Kojiki">Kojiki</a> when lacking information). Jimmu is said to have died in the 76th year of his reign, i.e. he ruled 75 years. He was 127 years old according to <a href="/wiki/East_Asian_age_reckoning" title="East Asian age reckoning">East Asian age reckoning</a>, i.e. 126 in Western reckoning.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420mode2up_420]_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420mode2up_420]-10">[10]</a> Regnal years are counted using <a href="/wiki/Inclusive_counting" class="mw-redirect" title="Inclusive counting">inclusive reckoning</a> until <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Empress Jitō</a>, the last reign covered by the Nihon Shoki. </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> Also called as Hikofuto (彦太). </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Also known as Iga (伊賀). </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> Also known as Unonosasara or Uno. </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> Her dates are usually given as 686–697. However, the Nihon Shoki states that she died on her 11th year, i.e. she ruled 10 years.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137-58">[54]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="#cite_ref-61">^</a> Name also written as 軽. </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> Name also written as 阿部. </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> Name also written as 日高. </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> Previously named Minamoto no Korezane (源維城). </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a> Also known as Hiroakira. </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> Also known as Iyasada or Sukesada. </li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="#cite_ref-93">^</a> Also known as Atsunari. </li> <li id="cite_note-99"><a href="#cite_ref-99">^</a> Also known as Yoshihito. </li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="#cite_ref-106">^</a> Also known as Yoshihito or Toshihito. </li> <li id="cite_note-108"><a href="#cite_ref-108">^</a> Also known as Nobuhito. </li> <li id="cite_note-110"><a href="#cite_ref-110">^</a> Also known as Kotohito. </li> <li id="cite_note-112"><a href="#cite_ref-112">^</a> Also known as Takanari. </li> <li id="cite_note-117"><a href="#cite_ref-117">^</a> Also known as Motsihito. </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> Also known as Tosihito. </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Ninmyō. </li> <li id="cite_note-131"><a href="#cite_ref-131">^</a> Also known as Norinaga. </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> Previously named Masuhito (益仁). </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Kōkō. </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> Initially written as 躬仁. </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Kanmu. </li> <li id="cite_note-150"><a href="#cite_ref-150">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Heizei. </li> <li id="cite_note-153"><a href="#cite_ref-153">^</a> Also known as Kazuhito (和仁). </li> <li id="cite_note-155"><a href="#cite_ref-155">^</a> Also known as Masahito. </li> <li id="cite_note-156"><a href="#cite_ref-156">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Minoo or Emperor Go-Seiwa. </li> <li id="cite_note-160"><a href="#cite_ref-160">^</a> Also known as Yoshihito. </li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="#cite_ref-161">^</a> Also known as Emperor Go-Saiin (後西院天皇) or Emperor Go-Junna (五十那天皇). </li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="#cite_ref-164">^</a> Also known as Tomohito. </li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="#cite_ref-166">^</a> Also known as Yoshihito. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Citations">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSmits1991" class="citation book cs1">Smits, Gregory J. (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P1OZUmnLTdoC&pg=PA30">Political Thought in Japanese Historical Writing: From Kojiki (712) to Tokushi Yoron (1712)</a>. Wilfrid Laurier University Press. pp. 30–32. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780889209978" title="Special:BookSources/9780889209978"><bdi>9780889209978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Political+Thought+in+Japanese+Historical+Writing%3A+From+Kojiki+%28712%29+to+Tokushi+Yoron+%281712%29&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E30-%3C%2Fspan%3E32&rft.pub=Wilfrid+Laurier+University+Press&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=9780889209978&rft.aulast=Smits&rft.aufirst=Gregory+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP1OZUmnLTdoC%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Vogel-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Vogel_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Vogel_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVogel2019" class="citation book cs1">Vogel, Ezra F. (2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BuedDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA15">China and Japan: Facing History</a>. Harvard University Press. pp. 15–17. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674240766" title="Special:BookSources/9780674240766"><bdi>9780674240766</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=China+and+Japan%3A+Facing+History&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E17&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2019&rft.isbn=9780674240766&rft.aulast=Vogel&rft.aufirst=Ezra+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBuedDwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2011" class="citation book cs1">Mason, Richard (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=M1PRAgAAQBAJ&pg=PT24">"Chapter Two"</a>. History of Japan: Revised Edition. Tuttle Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781462900978" title="Special:BookSources/9781462900978"><bdi>9781462900978</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chapter+Two&rft.btitle=History+of+Japan%3A+Revised+Edition&rft.pub=Tuttle+Publishing&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=9781462900978&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DM1PRAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIbaraki2013" class="citation journal cs1">Ibaraki, Yoshiyuki (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kogakkan.repo.nii.ac.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=repository_view_main_item_detail&item_id=602&item_no=1&page_id=13&block_id=21">"A Review of the Inscription of the Iron Sword Discovered at Inariyama Old Tomb of the Sakitama Old Tombs' Group"</a>. 皇学館論叢. 46 (5). KOGAKKAN RONSO: 1–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=%E7%9A%87%E5%AD%A6%E9%A4%A8%E8%AB%96%E5%8F%A2&rft.atitle=A+Review+of+the+Inscription+of+the+Iron+Sword+Discovered+at+Inariyama+Old+Tomb+of+the+Sakitama+Old+Tombs%27+Group&rft.volume=46&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E1-%3C%2Fspan%3E35&rft.date=2013&rft.aulast=Ibaraki&rft.aufirst=Yoshiyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkogakkan.repo.nii.ac.jp%2F%3Faction%3Dpages_view_main%26active_action%3Drepository_view_main_item_detail%26item_id%3D602%26item_no%3D1%26page_id%3D13%26block_id%3D21&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Timothy-5">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Timothy_5-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Timothy_5-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHoye1999" class="citation book cs1">Hoye, Timothy (1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=axRyAAAAMAAJ&q=%22date%20from%20the%20early%20sixth%20century%20with%20Kinmei.%22">Japanese Politics: Fixed and Floating Worlds</a>. Prentice Hall. p. 78. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780132712897" title="Special:BookSources/9780132712897"><bdi>9780132712897</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japanese+Politics%3A+Fixed+and+Floating+Worlds&rft.pages=78&rft.pub=Prentice+Hall&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780132712897&rft.aulast=Hoye&rft.aufirst=Timothy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DaxRyAAAAMAAJ%26q%3D%2522date%2520from%2520the%2520early%2520sixth%2520century%2520with%2520Kinmei.%2522&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Holcombe-6"><a href="#cite_ref-Holcombe_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHolcombe2001" class="citation book cs1">Holcombe, Charles (January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XT5pvPZ4vroC&pg=PA198">The Genesis of East Asia: 221 B.C. – A.D. 907</a>. University of Hawaii Press. p. 198. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2465-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8248-2465-5"><bdi>978-0-8248-2465-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Genesis+of+East+Asia%3A+221+B.C.+%E2%80%93+A.D.+907&rft.pages=198&rft.pub=University+of+Hawaii+Press&rft.date=2001-01&rft.isbn=978-0-8248-2465-5&rft.aulast=Holcombe&rft.aufirst=Charles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXT5pvPZ4vroC%26pg%3DPA198&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage704mode2upviewtheater_"Nengō"],_p._704-7"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage704mode2upviewtheater_"Nengō"],_p._704_7-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/704/mode/2up?view=theater">"Nengō"</a>, p. 704. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEImperial_Household_Agency-8"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEImperial_Household_Agency_8-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFImperial_Household_Agency">Imperial Household Agency</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage962mode2upviewtheater_"Traditional_Order_of_Tennō"],_p._962-9"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage962mode2upviewtheater_"Traditional_Order_of_Tennō"],_p._962_9-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/962/mode/2up?view=theater">"Traditional Order of Tennō"</a>, p. 962. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420mode2up_420]-10"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420mode2up_420]_10-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 1–3; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC">1</a>, pp.109–137; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 249; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 84–88; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/420/mode/2up">420</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420_420]-12"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh1–3Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycC_1],_pp.109–137Brown249Varley84–88Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage420_420]_12-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 1–3; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC">1</a>, pp.109–137; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 249; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 84–88; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/420">420</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh3–4Aston1,_pp.138–141Brown250–251Varley88–89-13"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh3–4Aston1,_pp.138–141Brown250–251Varley88–89_13-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 3–4; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.138–141; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 250–251; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 88–89. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.141–142Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]-14"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.141–142Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]_14-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 4; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.141–142; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 251; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 89; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32">32</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.142–143Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage404_405]-15"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh4Aston1,_pp.142–143Brown251Varley89Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage404_405]_15-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 4; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.142–143; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 251; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 89; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/404">405</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh4–5Aston1,_pp.144–145Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage564_564]-16"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh4–5Aston1,_pp.144–145Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage564_564]_16-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 4–5; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.144–145; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 251; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 90; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/564">564</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh5Aston1,_pp.145–146Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage536_536]-17"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh5Aston1,_pp.145–146Brown251Varley90Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage536_536]_17-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 5; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.145–146; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 251; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 90; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/536">536</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh5–6Aston1,_pp.146–147Brown252Varley90–92Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage560_561]-18"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh5–6Aston1,_pp.146–147Brown252Varley90–92Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage560_561]_18-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 5–6; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.146–147; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 252; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 90–92; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/560">561</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh6Aston1,_pp.147–148Brown252Varley92–93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_542]-19"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh6Aston1,_pp.147–148Brown252Varley92–93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_542]_19-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 6; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.147–148; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 252; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 92–93; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542">542</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh6–7Aston1,_pp.148–149Brown252Varley93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage450_451]-20"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh6–7Aston1,_pp.148–149Brown252Varley93Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage450_451]_20-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 6–7; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.148–149; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 252; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 93; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/450">451</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHenshall2013" class="citation book cs1">Henshall, Kenneth (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tmYYAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA165">Historical Dictionary of Japan to 1945</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7872-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7872-3"><bdi>978-0-8108-7872-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Japan+to+1945&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7872-3&rft.aulast=Henshall&rft.aufirst=Kenneth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtmYYAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA165&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh7–9Aston1,_pp.150–164Brown252Varley93–95Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]-22"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh7–9Aston1,_pp.150–164Brown252Varley93–95Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]_22-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 7–9; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.150–164; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 252; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 93–95; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910">910</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh9–10Aston1,_pp.165–187Brown252–254Varley95–96Nussbaum910-23"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh9–10Aston1,_pp.165–187Brown252–254Varley95–96Nussbaum910_23-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 9–10; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.165–187; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 252–254; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 95–96; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. 910. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh11–14Aston1,_pp.188–214Brown254Varley96–99Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage504_505]-24"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh11–14Aston1,_pp.188–214Brown254Varley96–99Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage504_505]_24-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 11–14; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.188–214; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 254; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 96–99; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/504">505</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh14–15Aston1,_pp.214–216Brown254Varley99–100Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]-25"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh14–15Aston1,_pp.214–216Brown254Varley99–100Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]_25-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 14–15; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.214–216; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 254; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 99–100; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836">836</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh15Aston1,_pp.217–223Brown254–255Varley100–101Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage124_125]-26"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh15Aston1,_pp.217–223Brown254–255Varley100–101Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage124_125]_26-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 15; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.217–223; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 254–255; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 100–101; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/124">125</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh16–19Aston1,_pp.224–253Brown255Varley101–103-27"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh16–19Aston1,_pp.224–253Brown255Varley101–103_27-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 16–19; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.224–253; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 255; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 101–103. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh19–22Aston1,_pp.254–271Brown255–256Varley103–110]-28"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh19–22Aston1,_pp.254–271Brown255–256Varley103–110]_28-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 19–22; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.254–271; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 255–256; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 103–110]. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh22–24Aston1,_pp.272–300Brown256–257Varley110–111Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh22–24Aston1,_pp.272–300Brown256–257Varley110–111Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]_29-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 22–24; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.272–300; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 256–257; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 110–111; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716">716</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh24–25Aston1,_pp.301–310Brown257Varley111-30"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh24–25Aston1,_pp.301–310Brown257Varley111_30-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 24–25; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.301–310; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 257; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 111. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh25Aston1,_pp.310–311Brown257Varley112Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage288_288]-31"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh25Aston1,_pp.310–311Brown257Varley112Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage288_288]_31-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 25; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.310–311; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 257; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 112; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/288">288</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.312–328Brown257–258Varley112-32"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.312–328Brown257–258Varley112_32-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.312–328; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 257–258; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 112. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.328–332Brown258Varley113Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]-33"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh26Aston1,_pp.328–332Brown258Varley113Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_32]_33-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 26; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.328–332; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 258; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 113; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32">32</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh27–28Aston1,_pp.333–372Brown258Varley113–115Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1068_1068]-34"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh27–28Aston1,_pp.333–372Brown258Varley113–115Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1068_1068]_34-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 27–28; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.333–372; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 258; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 113–115; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1068">1068</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh28–29Aston1,_pp.373–377Brown258–259Varley115–116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]-35"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh28–29Aston1,_pp.373–377Brown258–259Varley115–116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_836]_35-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 28–29; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.373–377; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 258–259; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 115–116; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836">836</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh29–30Aston1,_pp.377–393Brown259Varley116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage510_510]-36"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh29–30Aston1,_pp.377–393Brown259Varley116Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage510_510]_36-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 29–30; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.377–393; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 259; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 116; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/510">510</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh30Aston1,_pp.393–398Brown259–260Varley117Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]-37"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh30Aston1,_pp.393–398Brown259–260Varley117Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_716]_37-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.393–398; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 259–260; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 117; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716">716</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh31Aston1,_pp.399–407Brown260Varley117–118Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage94_94]-38"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh31Aston1,_pp.399–407Brown260Varley117–118Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage94_94]_38-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 31; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 1, pp.399–407; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 260; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 117–118; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/94">94</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShillony2008" class="citation book cs1">Shillony, Ben-Ami (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=FwztKKtQ_rAC&pg=PA15">The Emperors of Modern Japan</a>. BRILL. p. 15. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-474-4225-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-474-4225-7"><bdi>978-90-474-4225-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Emperors+of+Modern+Japan&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-90-474-4225-7&rft.aulast=Shillony&rft.aufirst=Ben-Ami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DFwztKKtQ_rAC%26pg%3DPA15&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh31–32Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA1_2],_pp._1–25Brown260–261Varley17–18,_119–120Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage506_506]-41"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh31–32Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA1_2],_pp._1–25Brown260–261Varley17–18,_119–120Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage506_506]_41-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 31–32; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA2-PA1">2</a>, pp. 1–25; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 260–261; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 17–18, 119–120; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/506">506</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh33Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA26_2],_pp._26–32Brown261Varley120–121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage30_31]-42"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh33Aston[httpsbooksgooglecombooksid1IJrNAKBpycCpgRA2-PA26_2],_pp._26–32Brown261Varley120–121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage30_31]_42-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 33; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA2-PA26">2</a>, pp. 26–32; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 261; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 120–121; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/30">31</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh33–34Aston2,_pp._33–35Brown261Varley121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage842_842]-43"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh33–34Aston2,_pp._33–35Brown261Varley121Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage842_842]_43-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 33–34; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 33–35; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 261; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 121; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/842">842</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh34–36Aston2,_pp._36–89Brown261–262Varley123–124Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage518_519]-44"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh34–36Aston2,_pp._36–89Brown261–262Varley123–124Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage518_519]_44-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 34–36; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 36–89; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 261–262; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 123–124; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/518">519</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh36–37Aston2,_pp._90–105Brown262–263Varley124–125Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage76_77]-45"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh36–37Aston2,_pp._90–105Brown262–263Varley124–125Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage76_77]_45-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 36–37; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 90–105; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 262–263; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 124–125; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/76">77</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh37–38Aston2,_pp._106–111Brown263Varley125–126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1056_1057]-46"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh37–38Aston2,_pp._106–111Brown263Varley125–126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1056_1057]_46-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 37–38; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 106–111; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 263; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 125–126; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1056">1057</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh38–39Aston2,_pp._112–120Brown263Varley126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]-47"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh38–39Aston2,_pp._112–120Brown263Varley126Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]_47-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 38–39; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 112–120; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 263; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 126; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/916">917</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh39–42Aston2,_pp._121–156Brown263–264Varley126–129Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]-48"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh39–42Aston2,_pp._121–156Brown263–264Varley126–129Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_910]_48-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 39–42; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 121–156; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 263–264; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 126–129; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910">910</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh42–43Aston2,_pp._157–170Brown264–265Varley129–130Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage430_431]-49"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh42–43Aston2,_pp._157–170Brown264–265Varley129–130Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage430_431]_49-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 42–43; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 157–170; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 264–265; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 129–130; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/430">431</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh43–47Aston2,_pp._171–194Brown265–266Varley130–132Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]-50"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh43–47Aston2,_pp._171–194Brown265–266Varley130–132Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]_50-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 43–47; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 171–194; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 265–266; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 130–132; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542">543</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh47–50Aston2,_pp._195–247Brown266–267Varley132–133Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage566_566]-51"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh47–50Aston2,_pp._195–247Brown266–267Varley132–133Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage566_566]_51-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 47–50; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 195–247; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 266–267; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 132–133; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/566">566</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh50–52Aston2,_pp._248–273Brown267Varley133–134Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage806_807]-52"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh50–52Aston2,_pp._248–273Brown267Varley133–134Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage806_807]_52-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 50–52; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 248–273; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 267; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 133–134; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/806">807</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh52–56Aston2,_pp._274–300Brown268Varley135Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage958_959]-53"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh52–56Aston2,_pp._274–300Brown268Varley135Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage958_959]_53-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 52–56; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 274–300; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 268; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 135; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/958">959</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh56–58Aston2,_p._301ffBrown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage538_538]-55"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh56–58Aston2,_p._301ffBrown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage538_538]_55-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 56–58; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, p. 301ff; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 268–269; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 135–136; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/538">538</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh58–59Aston2,_pp._301–381Brown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage956_957]-56"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh58–59Aston2,_pp._301–381Brown268–269Varley135–136Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage956_957]_56-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 58–59; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 301–381; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 268–269; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 135–136; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/956">957</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137-58"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137_58-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 59–60; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 382–423; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 269–270; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 136–137. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage426_426]-60"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh59–60Aston2,_pp._382–423Brown269–270Varley136–137Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage426_426]_60-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 59–60; <a href="#CITEREFAston">Aston</a>, 2, pp. 382–423; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 269–270; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 136–137; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/426">426</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh60–63Brown270–271Varley137–140-62"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh60–63Brown270–271Varley137–140_62-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 60–63; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 270–271; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 137–140. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh63–65Brown271Varley140Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage235_235]-64"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh63–65Brown271Varley140Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage235_235]_64-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 63–65; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 271; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 140; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/235">235</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh65–67Brown271–272Varley140–141Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage240_240]-66"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh65–67Brown271–272Varley140–141Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage240_240]_66-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 65–67; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 271–272; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 140–141; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/240">240</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh67–73Brown272–273Varley141–143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage884_884]-67"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh67–73Brown272–273Varley141–143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage884_884]_67-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 67–73; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 272–273; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 141–143; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/884">884</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh73–75Brown274–275Varley143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_547]-68"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh73–75Brown274–275Varley143Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_547]_68-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 73–75; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 274–275; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 143; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/546">547</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh75–78Brown275Varley143–144Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]-69"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh75–78Brown275Varley143–144Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]_69-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 75–78; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 275; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 143–144; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/436">437</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh78–81Brown276Varley144–147Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage888_888]-70"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh78–81Brown276Varley144–147Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage888_888]_70-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 78–81; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 276; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 144–147; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/888">888</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh81–85Brown276–277Varley147–148Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage556_557]-71"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh81–85Brown276–277Varley147–148Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage556_557]_71-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 81–85; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 276–277; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 147–148; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/556">557</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh86–95Brown277–279Varley148–150Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage464_464]-72"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh86–95Brown277–279Varley148–150Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage464_464]_72-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 86–95; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 277–279; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 148–150; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/464">464</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh96–97Brown279–280Varley151Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage304_305]-73"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh96–97Brown279–280Varley151Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage304_305]_73-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 96–97; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 279–280; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 151; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/304">305</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh97–102Brown280–282Varley151–164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage804_804]-74"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh97–102Brown280–282Varley151–164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage804_804]_74-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 97–102; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 280–282; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 151–164; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/804">804</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh103–106Brown282–283Varley164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]-75"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh103–106Brown282–283Varley164Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage436_437]_75-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 103–106; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 282–283; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 164; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/436">437</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh106–112Brown283–284Varley164–165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage714_714]-76"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh106–112Brown283–284Varley164–165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage714_714]_76-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 106–112; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 283–284; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 164–165; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/714">714</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh112–115Brown285–286Varley165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage658_658]-77"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh112–115Brown285–286Varley165Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage658_658]_77-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 112–115; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 285–286; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 165; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/658">658</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh115–121Brown286–288Varley166–170Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_837]-78"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh115–121Brown286–288Varley166–170Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage836_837]_78-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 115–121; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 286–288; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 166–170; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/836">837</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh121–124Brown288–289Varley170–171Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1064_1064]-79"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh121–124Brown288–289Varley170–171Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1064_1064]_79-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 121–124; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 288–289; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 170–171; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1064">1064</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh124–125Brown289Varley171–175Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage548_549]-80"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh124–125Brown289Varley171–175Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage548_549]_80-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 124–125; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 289; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 171–175; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/548">549</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh125–129Brown289–290Varley175–179Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1006_1007]-81"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh125–129Brown289–290Varley175–179Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage1006_1007]_81-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 125–129; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 289–290; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 175–179; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/1006">1007</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh129–134Brown290–293Varley179–181Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage138_138]-83"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh129–134Brown290–293Varley179–181Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage138_138]_83-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 129–134; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 290–293; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 179–181; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/138">138</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh134–138Brown294–295Varley181–183-85"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh134–138Brown294–295Varley181–183_85-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 134–138; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 294–295; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 181–183. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh139–142Brown295–298Varley183–190Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage666_667]-86"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh139–142Brown295–298Varley183–190Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage666_667]_86-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 139–142; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 295–298; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 183–190; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/666">667</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh142–143Brown289Varley190–191Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage786_786]-87"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh142–143Brown289Varley190–191Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage786_786]_87-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 142–143; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 289; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 190–191; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/786">786</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh144–148Brown299–300Varley191–192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage182_182]-88"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh144–148Brown299–300Varley191–192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage182_182]_88-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 144–148; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 299–300; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 191–192; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/182">182</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh148–149Brown300–302Varley192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage500_501]-89"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh148–149Brown300–302Varley192Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage500_501]_89-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 148–149; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 300–302; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 192; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/500">501</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh150–154Brown302–307Varley192–195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage368_369]-90"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh150–154Brown302–307Varley192–195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage368_369]_90-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 150–154; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 302–307; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 192–195; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/368">369</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh154–155Brown307Varley195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage818_818]-92"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh154–155Brown307Varley195Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage818_818]_92-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 154–155; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. 307; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 195; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/818">818</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh156–160Brown307–310Varley195–196Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_253]-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh156–160Brown307–310Varley195–196Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_253]_94-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 156–160; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 307–310; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 195–196; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252">253</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh160–162Brown310–311Varley197Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_262]-95"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh160–162Brown310–311Varley197Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_262]_95-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 160–162; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 310–311; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 197; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/262">262</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh162–166Brown311–314Varley197–198Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_258]-96"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh162–166Brown311–314Varley197–198Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_258]_96-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 162–166; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 311–314; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 197–198; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/258">258</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh166–168Brown314–315Varley198–199Nussbaum259-97"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh166–168Brown314–315Varley198–199Nussbaum259_97-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 166–168; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 314–315; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 198–199; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. 259. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh169–171Brown315–317Varley199–202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage872_872]-98"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh169–171Brown315–317Varley199–202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage872_872]_98-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 169–171; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 315–317; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 199–202; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/872">872</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh172–178Brown317–320Varley202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage352_352]-100"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh172–178Brown317–320Varley202Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage352_352]_100-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 172–178; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 317–320; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 202; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/352">352</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh178–181Brown320–322Varley203–204Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage966_967]-101"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh178–181Brown320–322Varley203–204Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage966_967]_101-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 178–181; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 320–322; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 203–204; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/966">967</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh181–185Brown322–324Varley204–205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]-102"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh181–185Brown322–324Varley204–205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage916_917]_102-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 181–185; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 322–324; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 204–205; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/916">917</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh186–188Brown324–326Varley205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage558_559]-103"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh186–188Brown324–326Varley205Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage558_559]_103-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 186–188; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 324–326; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 205; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/558">559</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh188–190Brown326–327Varley205–208Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage260_261]-104"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh188–190Brown326–327Varley205–208Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage260_261]_104-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 188–190; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 326–327; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 205–208; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/260">261</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh191–194Brown327–329Varley208–212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage712_712]-105"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh191–194Brown327–329Varley208–212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage712_712]_105-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 191–194; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 327–329; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 208–212; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/712">712</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage794_794]-107"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage794_794]_107-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 194–195; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 329–330; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 212; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/794">794</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage932_933]-109"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh194–195Brown329–330Varley212Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage932_933]_109-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 194–195; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 329–330; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 212; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/932">933</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh200–207Brown333–334Varley214–215Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_33]-111"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh200–207Brown333–334Varley214–215Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage32_33]_111-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 200–207; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 333–334; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 214–215; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/32">33</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh207–221Brown334–339Varley215–220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_263]-113"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh207–221Brown334–339Varley215–220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage262_263]_113-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 207–221; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 334–339; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 215–220; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/262">263</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh221–230Brown339–341Varley220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage998_998]-114"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh221–230Brown339–341Varley220Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage998_998]_114-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 221–230; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 339–341; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 220; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/998">998</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh230–238Brown341–343Varley221–223-115"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh230–238Brown341–343Varley221–223_115-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 230–238; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 341–343; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 221–223. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh236–238Brown343–344Varley223–226Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage128_128]-116"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh236–238Brown343–344Varley223–226Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage128_128]_116-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 236–238; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 343–344; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 223–226; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/128">128</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh238–241Brown344–349Varley226–227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-118"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh238–241Brown344–349Varley226–227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]_118-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 238–241; <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, pp. 344–349; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 226–227; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252">252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh242–245Varley227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage856_856]-120"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh242–245Varley227Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage856_856]_120-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 242–245; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 227; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/856">856</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh245–247Varley228–231Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_259]-121"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh245–247Varley228–231Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage258_259]_121-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 245–247; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 228–231; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/258">259</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh248–253Varley231–232Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-123"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh248–253Varley231–232Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]_123-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 248–253; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 231–232; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252">252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh232–233Varley253–261Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage460_461]-124"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh232–233Varley253–261Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage460_461]_124-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 232–233; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 253–261; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/460">461</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh233–237Varley262–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-125"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh233–237Varley262–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]_125-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 233–237; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 262–269; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264">265</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh237–238Varley269–274Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-126"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh237–238Varley269–274Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]_126-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 237–238; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 269–274; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252">252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh274–275Varley238–239Nussbaum252-127"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh274–275Varley238–239Nussbaum252_127-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 274–275; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 238–239; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. 252. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh275–278Varley239Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-128"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh275–278Varley239Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]_128-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 275–278; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, p. 239; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">257</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_278–281Varley239–241Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage284_285]-129"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_278–281Varley239–241Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage284_285]_129-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 281–286, 278–281; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 239–241; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/284">285</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_290–294Varley241–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]-130"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh281–286,_290–294Varley241–269Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]_130-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 281–286, 290–294; <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 241–269; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/250">251</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEVarley269–270Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-132"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEVarley269–270Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]_132-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFVarley">Varley</a>, pp. 269–270; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">257</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA120_Chōkei_Tennō],_p._120-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA120_Chōkei_Tennō],_p._120_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA120">Chōkei Tennō</a>, p. 120. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA253_"Go-Kameyama_Tennō"],_pp._253–255-134"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidp2QnPijAEmECpgPA253_"Go-Kameyama_Tennō"],_pp._253–255_134-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC&pg=PA253">"Go-Kameyama Tennō"</a>, pp. 253–255. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh286–289Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage344_344],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]-135"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh286–289Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage344_344],_[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage542_543]_135-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 286–289; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/344">344</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/542">543</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh294–298Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]-136"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh294–298Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]_136-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 294–298; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/554">555</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh298–301Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_911]-138"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh298–301Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage910_911]_138-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 298–301; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/910">911</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh302–309Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage254_255]-139"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh302–309Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage254_255]_139-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 302–309; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/254">255</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh310–316Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]-140"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh310–316Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage250_251]_140-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 310–316; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/250">251</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327-142"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327_142-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 317–327. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]-143"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh317–327Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage554_555]_143-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 317–327; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/554">555</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh327–331Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage882_883]-145"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh327–331Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage882_883]_145-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 327–331; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/882">883</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh331–351Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]-146"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh331–351Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage252_252]_146-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 331–351; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/252">252</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh352–364Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-147"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh352–364Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]_147-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 352–364; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264">265</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh364–372-149"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh364–372_149-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 364–372. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh372–382Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-151"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh372–382Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]_151-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 372–382; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">257</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh382–402Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage738_739]-152"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh382–402Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage738_739]_152-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 382–402; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/738">739</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh402–409Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]-154"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh402–409Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage264_265]_154-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 402–409; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/264">265</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh410–411Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]-157"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh410–411Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]_157-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 410–411; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">256</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh411–412Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_625]-158"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh411–412Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_625]_158-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 411–412; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/624">625</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh412–413Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]-159"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh412–413Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_256]_159-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 412–413; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">256</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh413-162"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh413_162-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 413. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh414–415Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage784_785]-163"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh414–415Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage784_785]_163-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 414–415; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/784">785</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh415–416Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage310_310]-165"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh415–416Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage310_310]_165-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 415–416; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/310">310</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh416–417Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage690_690]-167"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh416–417Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage690_690]_167-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 416–417; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/690">690</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh417–418Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage814_814]-168"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh417–418Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage814_814]_168-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 417–418; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/814">814</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh418–419Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage656_656]-169"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh418–419Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage656_656]_169-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 418–419; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/656">656</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh419-170"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh419_170-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, p. 419. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh419–420Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]-171"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh419–420Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage256_257]_171-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 419–420; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/256">257</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETitsingh420–421Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_546]-172"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETitsingh420–421Nussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage546_546]_172-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFTitsingh">Titsingh</a>, pp. 420–421; <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/546">546</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_"Ninkō_Tennō"],_p._716-173"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage716_"Ninkō_Tennō"],_p._716_173-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/716">"Ninkō Tennō"</a>, p. 716. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage553_"Kōmei_Tennō"],_p._553-174"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage553_"Kōmei_Tennō"],_p._553_174-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/553">"Kōmei Tennō"</a>, p. 553. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_"Meiji_Tennō"],_p._624-175"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage624_"Meiji_Tennō"],_p._624_175-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/624">"Meiji Tennō"</a>, p. 624. </li> <li id="cite_note-HDJFP-176">^ <a href="#cite_ref-HDJFP_176-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDJFP_176-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-HDJFP_176-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShimamotoItoSugita2015" class="citation book cs1">Shimamoto, Mayako; Ito, Koji; Sugita, Yoneyuki (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=g8PyCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA70">Historical Dictionary of Japanese Foreign Policy</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 70–73. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781442250673" title="Special:BookSources/9781442250673"><bdi>9781442250673</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Historical+Dictionary+of+Japanese+Foreign+Policy&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E70-%3C%2Fspan%3E73&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=9781442250673&rft.aulast=Shimamoto&rft.aufirst=Mayako&rft.au=Ito%2C+Koji&rft.au=Sugita%2C+Yoneyuki&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dg8PyCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Taishō_Tennō"],_p._929-177"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Taishō_Tennō"],_p._929_177-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/318">"Taishō Tennō"</a>, p. 929. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Hirohito"],_p._318-178"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage318_"Hirohito"],_p._318_178-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/318">"Hirohito"</a>, p. 318. </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage19_"Akihito"],_p._19-179"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage19_"Akihito"],_p._19_179-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/19">"Akihito"</a>, p. 19. </li> <li id="cite_note-Nikkei-20190430-180"><a href="#cite_ref-Nikkei-20190430_180-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://asia.nikkei.com/Spotlight/Japan-s-Reiwa-era/Japan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication">"Japan's Emperor thanks country, prays for peace before abdication"</a>. Nikkei Asian Review. Retrieved 30 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Nikkei+Asian+Review&rft.atitle=Japan%27s+Emperor+thanks+country%2C+prays+for+peace+before+abdication&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasia.nikkei.com%2FSpotlight%2FJapan-s-Reiwa-era%2FJapan-s-emperor-thanks-country-prays-for-peace-before-abdication&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage699_"Naruhito"],_p._699-181"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENussbaum[httpsarchiveorgdetailsjapanencyclopedi0000louipage699_"Naruhito"],_p._699_181-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNussbaum">Nussbaum</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/japanencyclopedi0000loui/page/699">"Naruhito"</a>, p. 699. </li> <li id="cite_note-182"><a href="#cite_ref-182">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDuthie2014" class="citation book cs1">Duthie, Torquil (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=xa62AgAAQBAJ&pg=PA372">Man'yoshu and the imperial imagination in early Japan</a>. Leiden. p. 372. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004251717" title="Special:BookSources/9789004251717"><bdi>9789004251717</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/864366334">864366334</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Man%27yoshu+and+the+imperial+imagination+in+early+Japan&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pages=372&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F864366334&rft.isbn=9789004251717&rft.aulast=Duthie&rft.aufirst=Torquil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dxa62AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA372&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-183"><a href="#cite_ref-183">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B2%A1%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-1062175"><bdi lang="ja">岡宮天皇デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E5%B2%A1%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%25B2%25A1%25E5%25AE%25AE%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%259A%2587-1062175&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBrown[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgNzuDwAAQBAJpgPA272_272]-184"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBrown[httpsbooksgooglecombooksidgNzuDwAAQBAJpgPA272_272]_184-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFBrown">Brown</a>, p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=gNzuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA272">272</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="#cite_ref-185">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%B0%BD%E6%95%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D-1084424"><bdi lang="ja">崇道尽敬皇帝デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%B0%BD%E6%95%AC%E7%9A%87%E5%B8%9D+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%25B4%2587%25E9%2581%2593%25E5%25B0%25BD%25E6%2595%25AC%25E7%259A%2587%25E5%25B8%259D-1084424&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ponsonby-186">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Ponsonby_186-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ponsonby_186-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Ponsonby_186-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPonsonby-Fane1959" class="citation book cs1">Ponsonby-Fane, Richard (1959). The Imperial House of Japan. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=Shiki+%2B+tenno">61</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Sawara%22+%2B+%22emperor%22">459</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=SLAeAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Masahito">469</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Imperial+House+of+Japan&rft.pages=61%2C+459%2C+469&rft.date=1959&rft.aulast=Ponsonby-Fane&rft.aufirst=Richard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-187"><a href="#cite_ref-187">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-1065247"><bdi lang="ja">春日宮天皇デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E6%98%A5%E6%97%A5%E5%AE%AE%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%2598%25A5%25E6%2597%25A5%25E5%25AE%25AE%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%259A%2587-1065247&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="#cite_ref-188">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-84295"><bdi lang="ja">崇道天皇デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E5%B4%87%E9%81%93%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E5%25B4%2587%25E9%2581%2593%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%259A%2587-84295&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="#cite_ref-189">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E9%99%A2-1119121"><bdi lang="ja">陽光院デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E9%99%BD%E5%85%89%E9%99%A2+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E9%2599%25BD%25E5%2585%2589%25E9%2599%25A2-1119121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="#cite_ref-190">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShillony2021" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Ben-Ami_Shillony" title="Ben-Ami Shillony">Shillony, Ben-Ami</a> (2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=VM5GEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA93">Enigma of the Emperors: Sacred Subservience in Japanese History</a>. BRILL. p. 93. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789004213999" title="Special:BookSources/9789004213999"><bdi>9789004213999</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Enigma+of+the+Emperors%3A+Sacred+Subservience+in+Japanese+History&rft.pages=93&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=2021&rft.isbn=9789004213999&rft.aulast=Shillony&rft.aufirst=Ben-Ami&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DVM5GEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA93&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-191"><a href="#cite_ref-191">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-script"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kotobank.jp/word/%E6%85%B6%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87-52612"><bdi lang="ja">慶光天皇デジタル版日本人名大辞典+Plusの解説</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Kotobank" title="Kotobank">Kotobank</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Kotobank&rft.atitle=%E6%85%B6%E5%85%89%E5%A4%A9%E7%9A%87+%E3%83%87%E3%82%B8%E3%82%BF%E3%83%AB%E7%89%88+%E6%97%A5%E6%9C%AC%E4%BA%BA%E5%90%8D%E5%A4%A7%E8%BE%9E%E5%85%B8%2BPlus%E3%81%AE%E8%A7%A3%E8%AA%AC&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fkotobank.jp%2Fword%2F%25E6%2585%25B6%25E5%2585%2589%25E5%25A4%25A9%25E7%259A%2587-52612&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Sources">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFImperial_Household_Agency" class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110106213919/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf">"Genealogy of the Emperors of Japan"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Household_Agency" title="Imperial Household Agency">Imperial Household Agency</a>. 2011. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/e-about/genealogy/img/keizu-e.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 2011-01-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Imperial+Household+Agency&rft.atitle=Genealogy+of+the+Emperors+of+Japan&rft.date=2011&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kunaicho.go.jp%2Fe-about%2Fgenealogy%2Fimg%2Fkeizu-e.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAckroyd" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Joyce_Ackroyd" title="Joyce Ackroyd">Ackroyd, Joyce A.</a> (1982). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lessonsfromhisto0000arai">Lessons from History: the Tokushi yoron</a> [<a href="/wiki/Tokushi_Yoron" title="Tokushi Yoron">Tokushi Yoron</a>]. Brisbane: <a href="/wiki/University_of_Queensland_Press" title="University of Queensland Press">University of Queensland Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780702214851" title="Special:BookSources/9780702214851"><bdi>9780702214851</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/157026188">157026188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Lessons+from+History%3A+the+Tokushi+yoron&rft.place=Brisbane&rft.pub=University+of+Queensland+Press&rft.date=1982&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F157026188&rft.isbn=9780702214851&rft.aulast=Ackroyd&rft.aufirst=Joyce+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flessonsfromhisto0000arai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAston" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_George_Aston" title="William George Aston">Aston, William G.</a> (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1IJrNAKBpycC&pg=RA1-PA109">Nihongi: Chronicles of Japan from the Earliest Times to A.D. 697</a> [<a href="/wiki/Nihon_Shoki" title="Nihon Shoki">Nihon Shoki</a>]. London: <a href="/wiki/The_Japan_Society_of_the_UK" title="The Japan Society of the UK">The Japan Society of the UK</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780524053478" title="Special:BookSources/9780524053478"><bdi>9780524053478</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nihongi%3A+Chronicles+of+Japan+from+the+Earliest+Times+to+A.D.+697&rft.place=London&rft.pub=The+Japan+Society+of+the+UK&rft.date=1896&rft.isbn=9780524053478&rft.aulast=Aston&rft.aufirst=William+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1IJrNAKBpycC%26pg%3DRA1-PA109&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrown" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Delmer_Brown" title="Delmer Brown">Brown, Delmer M.</a>; Ichirō, Ishida, eds. (1979). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w4f5FrmIJKIC&pg=PA248">The Future and the Past: A Translation and Study of the Gukansho, an Interpretative History of Japan written in 1219</a> [<a href="/wiki/Gukansh%C5%8D" title="Gukanshō">Gukanshō</a>]. Berkeley: <a href="/wiki/University_of_California_Press" title="University of California Press">University of California Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520034600" title="Special:BookSources/9780520034600"><bdi>9780520034600</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/251325323">251325323</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Future+and+the+Past%3A+A+Translation+and+Study+of+the+Gukansho%2C+an+Interpretative+History+of+Japan+written+in+1219&rft.place=Berkeley&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1979&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F251325323&rft.isbn=9780520034600&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw4f5FrmIJKIC%26pg%3DPA248&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNussbaum" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Louis_Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric" title="Louis Frédéric">Nussbaum, Louis Frédéric</a> (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=p2QnPijAEmEC">Japan Encyclopedia</a>. Harvard University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780674017535" title="Special:BookSources/9780674017535"><bdi>9780674017535</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Japan+Encyclopedia&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=9780674017535&rft.aulast=Nussbaum&rft.aufirst=Louis+Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9ric&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dp2QnPijAEmEC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTitsingh" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Isaac_Titsingh" title="Isaac Titsingh">Titsingh, Isaac</a> (1834). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=18oNAAAAIAAJ&pg=PA1">Annales des empereurs du Japon</a> [<a href="/wiki/Nihon_%C5%8Cdai_Ichiran" title="Nihon Ōdai Ichiran">Nihon Ōdai Ichiran</a>] (in French). Paris: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Asiatic_Society_of_Great_Britain_and_Ireland" title="Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland">Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/5850691">5850691</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Annales+des+empereurs+du+Japon&rft.place=Paris&rft.pub=Royal+Asiatic+Society+of+Great+Britain+and+Ireland&rft.date=1834&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F5850691&rft.aulast=Titsingh&rft.aufirst=Isaac&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D18oNAAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarley" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/H._Paul_Varley" title="H. Paul Varley">Varley, H. Paul</a> (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Bh-FQgAACAAJ">A Chronicle of Gods and Sovereigns: Jinnō Shōtōki of Kitabatake Chikafusa</a> [<a href="/wiki/Jinn%C5%8D_Sh%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dki" title="Jinnō Shōtōki">Jinnō Shōtōki</a>]. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780231049405" title="Special:BookSources/9780231049405"><bdi>9780231049405</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/59145842">59145842</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Chronicle+of+Gods+and+Sovereigns%3A+Jinn%C5%8D+Sh%C5%8Dt%C5%8Dki+of+Kitabatake+Chikafusa&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1980&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F59145842&rft.isbn=9780231049405&rft.aulast=Varley&rft.aufirst=H.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBh-FQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AList+of+emperors+of+Japan" class="Z3988"></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161120104322/http://www.kunaicho.go.jp/eindex.html">The Imperial Household Agency</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna16471340">Japan opens imperial tombs for research</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Japan&#124;alt=Japan_Emperors_of_Japan_(list)1115" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Template:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Template talk:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs_of_Japan" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Monarchs of Japan"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border&#124;link=Japan&#124;alt=Japan_Emperors_of_Japan_(list)1115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan"><img alt="Japan" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/23px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/35px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperors of Japan</a> (<a class="mw-selflink selflink">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legendary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="660_BC–291_BC15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">660 BC–291 BC</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jimmu" title="Emperor Jimmu">Jimmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suizei" title="Emperor Suizei">Suizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Annei" title="Emperor Annei">Annei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Itoku" title="Emperor Itoku">Itoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dsh%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōshō">Kōshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dan" title="Emperor Kōan">Kōan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="290_BC–269_AD15" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">290 BC–269 AD</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Drei" title="Emperor Kōrei">Kōrei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgen" title="Emperor Kōgen">Kōgen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kaika" title="Emperor Kaika">Kaika</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sujin" title="Emperor Sujin">Sujin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suinin" title="Emperor Suinin">Suinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keik%C5%8D" title="Emperor Keikō">Keikō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seimu" title="Emperor Seimu">Seimu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABai" title="Emperor Chūai">Chūai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Jingū</a>*</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Yamato_period" title="Yamato period">Yamato</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="269–5399" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">269–539</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cjin" title="Emperor Ōjin">Ōjin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nintoku" title="Emperor Nintoku">Nintoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rich%C5%AB" title="Emperor Richū">Richū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanzei" title="Emperor Hanzei">Hanzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ingy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ingyō">Ingyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ank%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ankō">Ankō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%ABryaku" title="Emperor Yūryaku">Yūryaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seinei" title="Emperor Seinei">Seinei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kenz%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kenzō">Kenzō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninken" title="Emperor Ninken">Ninken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Buretsu" title="Emperor Buretsu">Buretsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Keitai" title="Emperor Keitai">Keitai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ankan" title="Emperor Ankan">Ankan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Senka" title="Emperor Senka">Senka</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.6em"><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="539–7109" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">539–710</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kinmei" title="Emperor Kinmei">Kinmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Bidatsu" title="Emperor Bidatsu">Bidatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Yōmei">Yōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sushun" title="Emperor Sushun">Sushun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Suiko" title="Empress Suiko">Suiko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Jomei" title="Emperor Jomei">Jomei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Kōgyoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dtoku" title="Emperor Kōtoku">Kōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dgyoku" title="Empress Kōgyoku">Saimei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenji" title="Emperor Tenji">Tenji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dbun" title="Emperor Kōbun">Kōbun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tenmu" title="Emperor Tenmu">Tenmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Jit%C5%8D" title="Empress Jitō">Jitō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Monmu" title="Emperor Monmu">Monmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="710–7949" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">710–794</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Genmei" title="Empress Genmei">Genmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Gensh%C5%8D" title="Empress Genshō">Genshō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dmu" title="Emperor Shōmu">Shōmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Kōken</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junnin" title="Emperor Junnin">Junnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_K%C5%8Dken" title="Empress Kōken">Shōtoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dnin" title="Emperor Kōnin">Kōnin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="794–118510" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">794–1185</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kanmu" title="Emperor Kanmu">Kanmu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Heizei" title="Emperor Heizei">Heizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Saga" title="Emperor Saga">Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Junna" title="Emperor Junna">Junna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ninmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninmyō">Ninmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Montoku" title="Emperor Montoku">Montoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Seiwa" title="Emperor Seiwa">Seiwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Yōzei">Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōkō">Kōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Uda" title="Emperor Uda">Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Daigo" title="Emperor Daigo">Daigo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suzaku" title="Emperor Suzaku">Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Murakami" title="Emperor Murakami">Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reizei" title="Emperor Reizei">Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor En'yū">En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kazan" title="Emperor Kazan">Kazan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ichijō">Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sanjō">Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Ichij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Ichijō">Go-Ichijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Suzaku" title="Emperor Go-Suzaku">Go-Suzaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Reizei" title="Emperor Go-Reizei">Go-Reizei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sanj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Sanjō">Go-Sanjō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shirakawa" title="Emperor Shirakawa">Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Horikawa" title="Emperor Horikawa">Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Toba" title="Emperor Toba">Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sutoku" title="Emperor Sutoku">Sutoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Konoe" title="Emperor Konoe">Konoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Shirakawa" title="Emperor Go-Shirakawa">Go-Shirakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Nijō">Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Rokuj%C5%8D" title="Emperor Rokujō">Rokujō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Takakura" title="Emperor Takakura">Takakura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Antoku" title="Emperor Antoku">Antoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1185–133311" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1185–1333</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Toba" title="Emperor Go-Toba">Go-Toba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Tsuchimikado">Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Juntoku" title="Emperor Juntoku">Juntoku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%ABky%C5%8D" title="Emperor Chūkyō">Chūkyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Horikawa" title="Emperor Go-Horikawa">Go-Horikawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Shij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shijō">Shijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Saga" title="Emperor Go-Saga">Go-Saga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fukakusa" title="Emperor Go-Fukakusa">Go-Fukakusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Kameyama" title="Emperor Kameyama">Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Uda" title="Emperor Go-Uda">Go-Uda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Fushimi" title="Emperor Fushimi">Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Fushimi" title="Emperor Go-Fushimi">Go-Fushimi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nij%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Nijō">Go-Nijō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Hanazono" title="Emperor Hanazono">Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Daigo" title="Emperor Go-Daigo">Go-Daigo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Northern_Court" title="Northern Court">Northern Court</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–139211" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1392</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Kōgon">Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Kōmyō">Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Suk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Sukō">Sukō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dgon" title="Emperor Go-Kōgon">Go-Kōgon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-En%27y%C5%AB" title="Emperor Go-En'yū">Go-En'yū</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1333–157311" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1333–1573</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Murakami" title="Emperor Go-Murakami">Go-Murakami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Ch%C5%8Dkei" title="Emperor Chōkei">Chōkei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kameyama" title="Emperor Go-Kameyama">Go-Kameyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Komatsu" title="Emperor Go-Komatsu">Go-Komatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sh%C5%8Dk%C5%8D" title="Emperor Shōkō">Shōkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Hanazono" title="Emperor Go-Hanazono">Go-Hanazono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Tsuchimikado" title="Emperor Go-Tsuchimikado">Go-Tsuchimikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Kashiwabara" title="Emperor Go-Kashiwabara">Go-Kashiwabara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Nara" title="Emperor Go-Nara">Go-Nara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi-Momoyama</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1573–160311" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1573–1603</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_%C5%8Cgimachi" title="Emperor Ōgimachi">Ōgimachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1603–186811" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1603–1868</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Y%C5%8Dzei" title="Emperor Go-Yōzei">Go-Yōzei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Mizunoo" title="Emperor Go-Mizunoo">Go-Mizunoo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Meish%C5%8D" title="Empress Meishō">Meishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-K%C5%8Dmy%C5%8D" title="Emperor Go-Kōmyō">Go-Kōmyō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Sai" title="Emperor Go-Sai">Go-Sai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Reigen" title="Emperor Reigen">Reigen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Higashiyama" title="Emperor Higashiyama">Higashiyama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nakamikado" title="Emperor Nakamikado">Nakamikado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Sakuramachi" title="Emperor Sakuramachi">Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Momozono" title="Emperor Momozono">Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empress_Go-Sakuramachi" title="Empress Go-Sakuramachi">Go-Sakuramachi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Go-Momozono" title="Emperor Go-Momozono">Go-Momozono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dkaku" title="Emperor Kōkaku">Kōkaku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Nink%C5%8D" title="Emperor Ninkō">Ninkō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_K%C5%8Dmei" title="Emperor Kōmei">Kōmei</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1868–194711" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1868–1947</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Meiji" title="Emperor Meiji">Meiji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_Taish%C5%8D" title="Emperor Taishō">Taishō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="1947–present14" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6.5em;font-weight:normal; font-size:90%;">1947–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hirohito" title="Hirohito">Shōwa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akihito" title="Akihito">Akihito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Naruhito" title="Naruhito">Naruhito</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:transparent; padding:0;"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/80px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="53" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/120px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6d/Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg/160px-Flag_of_the_Japanese_Emperor.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> Unless otherwise noted (as BC), years are in <a href="/wiki/Common_Era" title="Common Era">CE</a> / <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a>  * <a href="/wiki/Empress_of_Japan" title="Empress of Japan">Imperial Consort</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sessh%C5%8D_and_Kampaku" title="Sesshō and Kampaku">Regent</a> <a href="/wiki/Empress_Jing%C5%AB" title="Empress Jingū">Empress Jingū</a> is not traditionally listed. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Family_tree_of_Japanese_monarchs" title="Family tree of Japanese monarchs">Imperial family tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Succession_to_the_Japanese_throne" title="Succession to the Japanese throne">Order of succession</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_imperial_tombs" title="Japanese imperial tombs">Imperial tombs</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Emperors_of_Japan" title="Category:Emperors of Japan">Category</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Japan_articles530" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Japan_topics" title="Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Japan_topics" title="Template talk:Japan topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Japan_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Japan topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Japan_articles530" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_Japan-related_articles" title="Index of Japan-related articles">Index</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_Japan" title="Outline of Japan">Outline</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japan" title="History of Japan">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Overviews</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Lists <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_era_name" title="Japanese era name">Eras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_clans" title="Japanese clans">Clans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_shoguns" title="List of shoguns">Shoguns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_wars_involving_Japan" title="List of wars involving Japan">Wars</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economic_history_of_Japan" title="Economic history of Japan">Economic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_education_in_Japan" title="History of education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Japanese_foreign_relations" title="History of Japanese foreign relations">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_history_of_Japan" title="Military history of Japan">Military</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naval_history_of_Japan" title="Naval history of Japan">Naval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Army" title="Imperial Japanese Army">Imperial Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Japanese_Navy" title="Imperial Japanese Navy">Imperial Navy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Ancient</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Paleolithic" title="Japanese Paleolithic">Paleolithic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C5%8Dmon_period" title="Jōmon period">Jōmon period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yayoi_period" title="Yayoi period">Yayoi period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kofun_period" title="Kofun period">Kofun period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_period" title="Asuka period">Asuka period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taih%C5%8D_Code" title="Taihō Code">Taihō Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuka_Kiyomihara_Code" title="Asuka Kiyomihara Code">Asuka Kiyomihara Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuh%C5%8D_period" title="Hakuhō period">Hakuhō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taika_Reform" title="Taika Reform">Taika Reform</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monmu_period" title="Monmu period">Monmu period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nara_period" title="Nara period">Nara period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heian_period" title="Heian period">Heian period</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Post-Classical</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Genpei_War" title="Genpei War">Genpei War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_period" title="Kamakura period">Kamakura period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kamakura_shogunate" title="Kamakura shogunate">Kamakura shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mongol_invasions_of_Japan" title="Mongol invasions of Japan">Mongol invasions of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genk%C5%8D_War" title="Genkō War">Genkō War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenmu_Restoration" title="Kenmu Restoration">Kenmu Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muromachi_period" title="Muromachi period">Muromachi period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ashikaga_shogunate" title="Ashikaga shogunate">Ashikaga shogunate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanboku-ch%C5%8D_period" title="Nanboku-chō period">Nanboku-chō period</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C5%8Cnin_War" title="Ōnin War">Ōnin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sengoku_period" title="Sengoku period">Sengoku period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Azuchi%E2%80%93Momoyama_period" title="Azuchi–Momoyama period">Azuchi–Momoyama period</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Council_of_Five_Elders" title="Council of Five Elders">Council of Five Elders</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imjin_War" title="Imjin War">Imjin War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Early Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Edo_period" title="Edo period">Edo period</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tokugawa_shogunate" title="Tokugawa shogunate">Tokugawa shogunate</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakumatsu" title="Bakumatsu">Bakumatsu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Empire of Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_era" title="Meiji era">Meiji era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Constitution" title="Meiji Constitution">Imperial Constitution (1890–1947)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Meiji_Japan" title="Government of Meiji Japan">Government</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_oligarchy" title="Meiji oligarchy">Meiji oligarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meiji_Restoration" title="Meiji Restoration">Meiji Restoration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abolition_of_the_han_system" title="Abolition of the han system">Abolition of the han system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boshin_War" title="Boshin War">Boshin War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satsuma_Rebellion" title="Satsuma Rebellion">Satsuma Rebellion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kazoku" title="Kazoku">Kazoku</a> (noble)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Sino-Japanese_War" title="First Sino-Japanese War">First Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russo-Japanese_War" title="Russo-Japanese War">Russo-Japanese War</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Late Modern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taish%C5%8D_era" title="Taishō era">Taishō era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_I" title="Japan during World War I">Japan during World War I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1923_Great_Kant%C5%8D_earthquake" title="1923 Great Kantō earthquake">1923 Great Kantō earthquake</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sh%C5%8Dwa_era" title="Shōwa era">Shōwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_during_World_War_II" title="Japan during World War II">Japan during World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mukden_Incident" class="mw-redirect" title="Mukden Incident">Mukden Incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Sino-Japanese_War" title="Second Sino-Japanese War">Second Sino-Japanese War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pacific_War" title="Pacific War">Pacific War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupation_of_Japan" title="Occupation of Japan">Occupation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postwar_Japan" title="Postwar Japan">Postwar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_economic_miracle" title="Japanese economic miracle">Economic miracle</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heisei_era" title="Heisei era">Heisei era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Great_Hanshin_earthquake" title="Great Hanshin earthquake">Great Hanshin earthquake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2011_T%C5%8Dhoku_earthquake_and_tsunami" title="2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami">2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;">Contemporary</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Reiwa_era" title="Reiwa era">Reiwa era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2019_Japanese_imperial_transition" title="2019 Japanese imperial transition">2019 imperial transition</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Japan" title="COVID-19 pandemic in Japan">COVID-19 pandemic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_Japan" title="Geography of Japan">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_addressing_system" title="Japanese addressing system">Addresses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_archipelago" title="Japanese archipelago">Archipelago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cities_of_Japan" title="Cities of Japan">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_of_Japan" title="Districts of Japan">Districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_Japan" title="List of earthquakes in Japan">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_issues_in_Japan" title="Environmental issues in Japan">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_extreme_points_of_Japan" title="List of extreme points of Japan">Extreme points</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_Japan" title="List of islands of Japan">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lakes_of_Japan" title="List of lakes of Japan">Lakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prefectures_of_Japan" title="Prefectures of Japan">Prefectures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_Japan" title="List of regions of Japan">Regions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_Japan" title="List of rivers of Japan">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_towns_in_Japan" title="List of towns in Japan">Towns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_villages_in_Japan" title="List of villages in Japan">Villages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Japan" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Japan">World Heritage Sites</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_Japan" title="Politics of Japan">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_Japan" title="Constitution of Japan">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_Japan" title="Elections in Japan">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_Japan" title="Emperor of Japan">Emperor</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_House_of_Japan" title="Imperial House of Japan">Imperial House</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_Japan" title="Foreign relations of Japan">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_Japan" title="Human rights in Japan">Human rights</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_rights_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ rights in Japan">LGBTQ</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicial_system_of_Japan" title="Judicial system of Japan">Judiciary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_Japan" title="Supreme Court of Japan">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_Japan" title="Law of Japan">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_enforcement_in_Japan" title="Law enforcement in Japan">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Diet" title="National Diet">National Diet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Representatives_(Japan)" title="House of Representatives (Japan)">House of Representatives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/House_of_Councillors" title="House of Councillors">House of Councillors</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_members_of_the_Diet_of_Japan" title="List of members of the Diet of Japan">List of members</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_Japan" title="List of political parties in Japan">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Self-Defense_Forces" title="Japan Self-Defense Forces">Self-Defense Forces</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Ground_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Ground Self-Defense Force">Ground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Maritime_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Maritime Self-Defense Force">Maritime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Air_Self-Defense_Force" title="Japan Air Self-Defense Force">Air</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Government_of_Japan" title="Government of Japan">Government</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cabinet_of_Japan" title="Cabinet of Japan">Cabinet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_cabinets" title="List of Japanese cabinets">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monetary_and_fiscal_policy_of_Japan" title="Monetary and fiscal policy of Japan">Fiscal policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_policy_of_Japan" title="Foreign policy of Japan">Foreign policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ministries_of_Japan" title="Ministries of Japan">Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Prime Minister of Japan">Prime Minister</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_prime_ministers_of_Japan" title="List of prime ministers of Japan">list</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deputy_Prime_Minister_of_Japan" title="Deputy Prime Minister of Japan">Deputy Prime Minister</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_Japan" title="Economy of Japan">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture,_forestry,_and_fishing_in_Japan" title="Agriculture, forestry, and fishing in Japan">Agriculture, forestry, fishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_Japan" title="Bank of Japan">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labor_market_of_Japan" title="Labor market of Japan">Labor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manufacturing_in_Japan" title="Manufacturing in Japan">Manufacturing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Energy_in_Japan" title="Energy in Japan">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_and_technology_in_Japan" title="Science and technology in Japan">Science and technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communications_in_Japan" title="Communications in Japan">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_Japan" title="Transport in Japan">Transport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_yen" title="Japanese yen">Yen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_Japan" title="Category:Society of Japan">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-monarchism_in_Japan" title="Anti-monarchism in Japan">Anti-monarchism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Censorship_in_Japan" title="Censorship in Japan">Censorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_Japan" title="Crime in Japan">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_Japan" title="Demographics of Japan">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_Japan" title="Education in Japan">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Etiquette_in_Japan" title="Etiquette in Japan">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambling_in_Japan" title="Gambling in Japan">Gambling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_Japan" title="Health in Japan">Health</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Housing_in_Japan" title="Housing in Japan">Housing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homelessness_in_Japan" title="Homelessness in Japan">Homelessness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_Japan" title="Languages of Japan">Languages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_language" title="Japanese language">Japanese</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Japanese_prefectures_by_life_expectancy" title="List of Japanese prefectures by life expectancy">Life expectancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_people" title="Japanese people">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography_in_Japan" title="Pornography in Japan">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Japan" title="Prostitution in Japan">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_Japan" title="Religion in Japan">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_Japan" title="Sex trafficking in Japan">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_minorities_in_Japan" title="Sexual minorities in Japan">Sexual minorities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexuality_in_Japan" title="Sexuality in Japan">Sexuality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoking_in_Japan" title="Smoking in Japan">Smoking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_in_Japan" title="Women in Japan">Women</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Japan" title="Culture of Japan">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_aesthetics" title="Japanese aesthetics">Aesthetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a> / <a href="/wiki/Manga" title="Manga">Manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_architecture" title="Japanese architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_art" title="Japanese art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonsai" title="Bonsai">Bonsai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cinema_of_Japan" title="Cinema of Japan">Cinema</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Class_S_(genre)" class="mw-redirect" title="Class S (genre)">Class S (genre)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_cuisine" title="Japanese cuisine">Cuisine</a> (<a href="/wiki/Japanese_wine" title="Japanese wine">wine</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_festivals" title="Japanese festivals">Festivals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Japan" title="Flag of Japan">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_folklore" title="Japanese folklore">Folklore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_traditional_Japanese_games" title="List of traditional Japanese games">Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_garden" title="Japanese garden">Gardens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisha" title="Geisha">Geisha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genderless_fashion_in_Japan" title="Genderless fashion in Japan">Genderless fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hikikomori" title="Hikikomori">Hikikomori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanami" title="Hanami">Hanami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henohenomoheji" title="Henohenomoheji">Henohenomoheji</a></li> <li>Icons</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ikebana" title="Ikebana">Ikebana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irezumi" title="Irezumi">Irezumi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaii" title="Kawaii">Kawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBTQ_culture_in_Japan" title="LGBTQ culture in Japan">LGBTQ culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_literature" title="Japanese literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_martial_arts" title="Japanese martial arts">Martial arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_media_in_Japan" title="Mass media in Japan">Media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Japan" title="Music of Japan">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_mythology" title="Japanese mythology">Mythology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_name" title="Japanese name">Names</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_symbols_of_Japan" title="National symbols of Japan">National symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-pan_kissa" title="No-pan kissa">No-pan kissa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onsen" title="Onsen">Onsen</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sent%C5%8D" title="Sentō">Sentō</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otokonoko" title="Otokonoko">Otokonoko</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origami" title="Origami">Origami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_Japan" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in Japan">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shinto" title="Shinto">Shinto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_tea_ceremony" title="Japanese tea ceremony">Tea ceremony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Japan" title="Television in Japan">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Theatre_of_Japan" title="Theatre of Japan">Theatre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_in_Japan" title="Video games in Japan">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Zen" title="Japanese Zen">Zen</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div> <ul><li><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/16px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/24px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan portal</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Japan" title="Category:Japan">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and (max-width:768px){.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;flex-flow:column wrap;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{text-align:center;flex:0;padding-left:0.5em;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;align-items:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:center;flex:0;column-gap:1em;border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;margin:0 auto;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{border-top:none;margin:0;list-style:none}}.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .navbox+link+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .navbox+style+.portal-bar-bordered,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+link+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .sister-bar+style+.portal-bar,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .portal-bar+.navbox-styles+.sister-bar{margin-top:-1px}</style><div class="portal-bar noprint metadata noviewer portal-bar-bordered" role="navigation" aria-label="Portals"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents/Portals" title="Wikipedia:Contents/Portals">Portals</a>:<ul class="portal-bar-content"><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/21px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/42px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/21px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/32px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/42px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Japan" title="Portal:Japan">Japan</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><a href="/wiki/File:Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/20px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/31px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6e/Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg/40px-Imperial_Crown_Heraldry.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="115" data-file-height="108" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Monarchy" title="Portal:Monarchy">Monarchy</a></li></ul></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&oldid=1275805304">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&oldid=1275805304</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Emperors_of_Japan" title="Category:Emperors of Japan">Emperors of Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_monarchs" title="Category:Lists of monarchs">Lists of monarchs</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_monarchs_in_Asia" title="Category:Lists of monarchs in Asia">Lists of monarchs in Asia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japan_history-related_lists" title="Category:Japan history-related lists">Japan history-related lists</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_office-holders_in_Japan" title="Category:Lists of office-holders in Japan">Lists of office-holders in Japan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Lists_of_Japanese_people_by_occupation" title="Category:Lists of Japanese people by occupation">Lists of Japanese people by occupation</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_uses_Japanese-language_script_(ja)" title="Category:CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)">CS1 uses Japanese-language script (ja)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Japanese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Japanese-language text">Articles containing Japanese-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_French-language_sources_(fr)" title="Category:CS1 French-language sources (fr)">CS1 French-language sources (fr)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 15 February 2025, at 04:59 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_emperors_of_Japan&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia.svg" width="25" height="25" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"> Search </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" >List of emperors of Japan</div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"> 51 languages </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"> Add topic </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-d8647bfd6-w9smj","wgBackendResponseTime":129,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"2.152","walltime":"2.488","ppvisitednodes":{"value":18472,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":276542,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":33839,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":20,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":261136,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1881.320 1 -total"," 24.83% 467.068 278 Template:Lang"," 16.74% 315.005 2 Template:Reflist"," 12.89% 242.569 122 Template:Sfnm"," 10.56% 198.685 17 Template:Cite_book"," 8.80% 165.565 1 Template:Monarchs_of_Japan"," 5.90% 110.988 1 Template:Japan_topics"," 5.87% 110.347 17 Template:Sfn"," 5.84% 109.889 1 Template:Short_description"," 5.78% 108.706 1 Template:Country_topics"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"1.207","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":22735519,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAckroyd\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAston\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrown\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDuthie2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenshall2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHolcombe2001\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoye1999\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIbaraki2013\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFImperial_Household_Agency\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMason2011\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNussbaum\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPonsonby-Fane1959\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShillony2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShillony2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShimamotoItoSugita2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSmits1991\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTitsingh\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVarley\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVogel2019\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Abbr\"] = 1,\n [\"Age\"] = 2,\n [\"Ayd\"] = 25,\n [\"Circa\"] = 2,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 17,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 8,\n [\"DEFAULTSORT:Emperors Of Japan\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn-lr\"] = 33,\n [\"Hr\"] = 231,\n [\"Japan topics\"] = 1,\n [\"Lang\"] = 278,\n [\"Monarchs of Japan\"] = 1,\n [\"Notelist-lr\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 7,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 17,\n [\"Sfnm\"] = 122,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 6,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Small\"] = 270,\n [\"Sort\"] = 126,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\ntable#1 {\n [\"size\"] = \"tiny\",\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["?","260","22.4"],["recursiveClone \u003CmwInit.lua:45\u003E","200","17.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::callParserFunction","180","15.5"],["\u003Cmw.title.lua:50\u003E","100","8.6"],["dataWrapper \u003Cmw.lua:672\u003E","60","5.2"],["[main chunk] \u003Cpackage.lua\u003E","60","5.2"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::gcodepoint_init","60","5.2"],["\u003Cmw.lua:694\u003E","40","3.4"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::sub","20","1.7"],["MediaWiki\\Extension\\Scribunto\\Engines\\LuaSandbox\\LuaSandboxCallback::anchorEncode","20","1.7"],["[others]","160","13.8"]]},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-api-int.codfw.main-6fb7cb5d75-jrlfj","timestamp":"20250220220733","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"List of emperors of Japan","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/List_of_emperors_of_Japan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188210","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188210","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-05-10T04:55:56Z","dateModified":"2025-02-15T04:59:24Z","headline":"Wikimedia list article"}</script> </body> </html>