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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Decline</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_organizations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_organizations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Professional organizations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_organizations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethical,_legal,_and_social_considerations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethical,_legal,_and_social_considerations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Ethical, legal, and social considerations</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Ethical,_legal,_and_social_considerations-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Ethical, legal, and social considerations subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Ethical,_legal,_and_social_considerations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unethical_practices" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unethical_practices"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Unethical practices</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unethical_practices-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Impact_of_new_technologies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Impact_of_new_technologies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Impact of new technologies</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Impact_of_new_technologies-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Impact of new technologies subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Impact_of_new_technologies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Phone_journalism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Phone_journalism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Phone journalism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Phone_journalism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Photojournalism</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 49 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-49" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">49 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%A9_%D9%85%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A9" title="صحافة مصورة – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صحافة مصورة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojurnalistika" title="Fotojurnalistika – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Fotojurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%86%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%82%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE" title="আলোকচিত্র সাংবাদিকতা – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="আলোকচিত্র সাংবাদিকতা" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoperiodisme_(fotografia)" title="Fotoperiodisme (fotografia) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fotoperiodisme (fotografia)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фотожурналистика – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Фотожурналистика" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novin%C3%A1%C5%99sk%C3%A1_fotografie" title="Novinářská fotografie – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Novinářská fotografie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojournalismus" title="Fotojournalismus – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Fotojournalismus" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoajakirjandus" title="Fotoajakirjandus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Fotoajakirjandus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%89%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%B5%CF%80%CE%BF%CF%81%CF%84%CE%AC%CE%B6" title="Φωτορεπορτάζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φωτορεπορτάζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismo_fotogr%C3%A1fico" title="Periodismo fotográfico – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Periodismo fotográfico" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foto%C4%B5urnalismo" title="Fotoĵurnalismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Fotoĵurnalismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotokazetaritza" title="Fotokazetaritza – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Fotokazetaritza" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="عکاسی خبری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="عکاسی خبری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalisme" title="Photojournalisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Photojournalisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodismo_fotogr%C3%A1fico" title="Periodismo fotográfico – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Periodismo fotográfico" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%AB%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9F%E0%AB%8B%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%B0%E0%AB%8D%E0%AA%A8%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B2%E0%AA%BF%E0%AA%9D%E0%AA%AE" title="ફોટોજર્નાલિઝમ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ફોટોજર્નાલિઝમ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8F%AC%ED%86%A0%EC%A0%80%EB%84%90%EB%A6%AC%EC%A6%98" title="포토저널리즘 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="포토저널리즘" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%96%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%B8%D5%AC%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A3%D6%80%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Ֆոտոլրագրություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ֆոտոլրագրություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinska_fotografija" title="Novinska fotografija – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Novinska fotografija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foto_jurnalistik" title="Foto jurnalistik – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Foto jurnalistik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intatheli_yezithombe" title="Intatheli yezithombe – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Intatheli yezithombe" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%9D_%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%AA%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="צילום עיתונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צילום עיתונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фотожурналистика – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Фотожурналистика" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фотоновинарство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фотоновинарство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AB%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8B_%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%82" title="ഫോട്ടോ ജേണലിസം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഫോട്ടോ ജേണലിസം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kewartawanan_foto" title="Kewartawanan foto – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kewartawanan foto" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%8D%D1%80%D1%8D%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9%D0%BD_%D1%81%D1%8D%D1%82%D0%B3%D2%AF%D2%AF%D0%BB_%D0%B7%D2%AF%D0%B9" title="Гэрэл зургийн сэтгүүл зүй – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Гэрэл зургийн сэтгүүл зүй" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A0%B1%E9%81%93%E5%86%99%E7%9C%9F" title="報道写真 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="報道写真" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojournalistikk" title="Fotojournalistikk – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Fotojournalistikk" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojurnalistika" title="Fotojurnalistika – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Fotojurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%AE" title="ਫ਼ੋਟੋਜਰਨਲਿਜ਼ਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਫ਼ੋਟੋਜਰਨਲਿਜ਼ਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%81%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%AE%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A" title="انځور خبريالي – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="انځور خبريالي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%86%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9B%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%9F%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%96%E1%9F%90%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%8C%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%93" title="ឆាយាលក្សសារព័ត៌មាន – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="ឆាយាលក្សសារព័ត៌មាន" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotoreporta%C5%BC" title="Fotoreportaż – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Fotoreportaż" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojornalismo" title="Fotojornalismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Fotojornalismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fotojurnalistika" title="Fotojurnalistika – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Fotojurnalistika" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фотожурналистика – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фотожурналистика" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%A1%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%96%E0%B6%B4_%E0%B6%B4%E0%B6%AD%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%9A%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%AF%E0%B6%BA" title="ඡායාරූප පත්‍රකලාවේදය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ඡායාරූප පත්‍රකලාවේදය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photojournalism" title="Photojournalism – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Photojournalism" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novin%C3%A1rska_fotografia" title="Novinárska fotografia – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Novinárska fotografia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%DA%95%DB%86%DA%98%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%85%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C" title="وێنەی ڕۆژنامەوانی – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="وێنەی ڕۆژنامەوانی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Novinska_fotografija" title="Novinska fotografija – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Novinska fotografija" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuvajournalismi" title="Kuvajournalismi – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kuvajournalismi" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bildjournalistik" title="Bildjournalistik – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bildjournalistik" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BA%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D1%85%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%80%D3%A3" title="Аккосии хабарӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аккосии хабарӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foto%C4%9Fraf_gazetecili%C4%9Fi" title="Fotoğraf gazeteciliği – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Fotoğraf gazeteciliği" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D1%83%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Фотожурналістика – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фотожурналістика" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%8C_%D8%B5%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%81%D8%AA" title="تصویری صحافت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="تصویری صحافت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%94%9D%E5%BD%B1%E8%A8%98%E8%80%85" title="攝影記者 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="攝影記者" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q506858#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div 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free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Using images to tell a news story</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg/220px-National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg/330px-National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg/440px-National_Guardsman_in_Washington_DC.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a> <a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">photograph</a> of a <a href="/wiki/National_Guard_(United_States)" title="National Guard (United States)">National Guardsman</a> looking over the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Monument" title="Washington Monument">Washington Monument</a> in <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington D.C.</a>, on January 21, 2021, the day after the <a href="/wiki/Inauguration_of_Joe_Biden" title="Inauguration of Joe Biden">inauguration of Joe Biden</a> as the 46th <a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">president of the United States</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="background:#efefef;padding:0.4em;"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/250px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/375px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg/500px-Radio._CBC_Offices_BAnQ_P48S1P23108_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="766" data-file-height="438" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">Index of journalism articles</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Areas</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Genres</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Social impact</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">News media</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#efefef;"> Roles</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content hlist" style="padding-top:0.15em;padding-bottom:0.6em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul> </td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below plainlist" style="padding-top:0.1em;border-top:1px solid #aaa;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/16px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/24px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/32px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Journalism" title="Category:Journalism">Category: Journalism</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism_sidebar" title="Template talk:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism_sidebar" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism sidebar"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Photojournalism</b> is <a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">journalism</a> that uses images to tell a news story. It usually only refers to still images, but can also refer to video used in <a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">broadcast journalism</a>. Photojournalism is distinguished from other close branches of <a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">photography</a> (such as <a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">documentary photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">social documentary photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/War_photography" title="War photography">war photography</a>, <a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">street photography</a> and <a href="/wiki/Celebrity_photography" title="Celebrity photography">celebrity photography</a>) by having a rigid ethical framework which demands an honest and impartial approach that tells a story in strictly journalistic terms. Photojournalists contribute to the <a href="/wiki/News_media" title="News media">news media</a>, and help communities connect with one other. They must be well-informed and knowledgeable, and are able to deliver news in a creative manner that is both informative and entertaining. </p><p>Similar to a writer, a photojournalist is a <a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">reporter</a>, but they must often make decisions instantly and carry <a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">photographic equipment</a>, often while exposed to significant obstacles, among them immediate physical danger, bad weather, large crowds, and limited physical access to their subjects. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins_in_war_photography">Origins in war photography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Origins in war photography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque,_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque,_26_juin_1848_(Original).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg/220px-Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg/330px-Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg/440px-Barricades_rue_Saint-Maur._Avant_l%27attaque%2C_25_juin_1848._Apr%C3%A8s_l%E2%80%99attaque%2C_26_juin_1848_%28Original%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1400" data-file-height="1087" /></a><figcaption><i>Barricades on rue Saint-Maur</i> (1848), the first photo used to illustrate a newspaper story</figcaption></figure> <p>The practice of illustrating news stories with photographs was made possible by printing and photography innovations that occurred in the mid 19th century. Although early illustrations had appeared in newspapers, such as an illustration of the funeral of Lord <a href="/wiki/Horatio_Nelson" class="mw-redirect" title="Horatio Nelson">Horatio Nelson</a> in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Times" title="The Times">The Times</a></i> (1806), the first weekly illustrated newspaper was the <i><a href="/wiki/Illustrated_London_News" class="mw-redirect" title="Illustrated London News">Illustrated London News</a></i>, first printed in 1842.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The illustrations were printed with the use of <a href="/wiki/Engraving" title="Engraving">engravings</a>. </p><p>The first photograph to be used in illustration of a newspaper story was a depiction of barricades in Paris during the <a href="/wiki/June_Days_uprising" title="June Days uprising">June Days uprising</a> taken on 25 June 1848; the photo was published as an engraving in <i><a href="/wiki/L%27Illustration" title="L'Illustration">L'Illustration</a></i> of 1–8 July 1848.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:224px;max-width:224px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg/220px-Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg/330px-Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg/440px-Roger_Fenton_-_Shadow_of_the_Valley_of_Death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5606" data-file-height="4257" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:222px;max-width:222px"><div class="thumbimage"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg/220px-Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg/330px-Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg/440px-Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1920" data-file-height="1525" /></a></span></div></div></div><div class="trow" style="display:flex"><div class="thumbcaption">Versions of Roger Fenton's <i><a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Shadow_of_Death_(Roger_Fenton)" title="Valley of the Shadow of Death (Roger Fenton)">Valley of the Shadow of Death</a></i>, with and without cannonballs on the road</div></div></div></div> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a>, the <i>ILN</i> pioneered the birth of early photojournalism by printing pictures of the war that had been taken by <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fenton" title="Roger Fenton">Roger Fenton</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fenton was the first official <a href="/wiki/War_photography" title="War photography">war photographer</a> and his work included documenting the effects of the war on the troops, <a href="/wiki/Panoramas" class="mw-redirect" title="Panoramas">panoramas</a> of the landscapes where the battles took place, model representations of the action, and portraits of commanders, which laid the groundwork for modern photojournalism.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other photographers of the war included <a href="/wiki/William_Simpson_(Scottish_artist)" title="William Simpson (Scottish artist)">William Simpson</a> and <a href="/wiki/Carol_Szathmari" title="Carol Szathmari">Carol Szathmari</a>. Similarly, the <a href="/wiki/American_Civil_War" title="American Civil War">American Civil War</a> photographs of <a href="/wiki/Mathew_Brady" title="Mathew Brady">Mathew Brady</a> were engraved before publication in <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a>.</i> The technology had not yet developed to the point of being able to print photographs in newspapers, which greatly restricted the audience of Brady's photographs. However, it was still common for photographs to be engraved and subsequently printed in newspapers or periodicals throughout the war. Disaster, including train wrecks and city fires, was also a popular subject for illustrated newspapers in the early days.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Expansion">Expansion</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Expansion"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Thomson,_The_crawlers.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg/170px-Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg/255px-Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/21/Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg/340px-Thomson%2C_The_crawlers.jpg 2x" data-file-width="689" data-file-height="926" /></a><figcaption><i>The Crawlers</i>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>, 1876–1877, a photograph from <a href="/wiki/John_Thomson_(photographer)" title="John Thomson (photographer)">John Thomson</a>'s <i>Street Life in London</i> photo-documentary</figcaption></figure> <p>The printing of images in newspapers remained an isolated occurrence in this period. Photos were used to enhance the text rather than to act as a medium of information in its own right. This began to change with the work of one of the pioneers of photojournalism, <a href="/wiki/John_Thomson_(photographer)" title="John Thomson (photographer)">John Thomson</a>, in the late 1870s.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In collaboration with the radical journalist Adolphe Smith, he began publishing a monthly magazine, <i>Street Life in London</i>, from 1876 to 1877. The project documented in photographs and text, the lives of the street people of <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a> and established <a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">social documentary photography</a> as a form of photojournalism.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Instead of the images acting as a supplement to the text, he pioneered the use of printed photographs as the predominant <a href="/wiki/Media_(communication)" title="Media (communication)">medium for the imparting of information</a>, successfully combining photography with the <a href="/wiki/Print_culture" title="Print culture">printed word</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On March 4, 1880, <i><a href="/wiki/Daily_Graphic" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Graphic">The Daily Graphic</a></i> (New York)<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> published the first <a href="/wiki/Halftone" title="Halftone">halftone</a> (rather than engraved) reproduction of a news photograph. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png/220px-Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png/330px-Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png/440px-Scene_in_Geronimo%27s_camp_II.png 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="959" /></a><figcaption>"Geronimo's camp before surrender to General Crook, March 27, 1886: Geronimo and Natches mounted; Geronimo's son (Perico) standing at his side holding baby." By <a href="/wiki/C._S._Fly" title="C. S. Fly">C. S. Fly</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>In March 1886, when General <a href="/wiki/George_Crook" title="George Crook">George Crook</a> received word that the Apache leader <a href="/wiki/Geronimo" title="Geronimo">Geronimo</a> would negotiate surrender terms, photographer <a href="/wiki/C._S._Fly" title="C. S. Fly">C. S. Fly</a> took his equipment and attached himself to the military column. During the three days of negotiations, Fly took about 15 exposures on 8 by 10 inches (200 by 250 mm) glass negatives.<sup id="cite_ref-vaughan_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaughan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His photos of Geronimo and the other free Apaches, taken on March 25 and 26, are the only known photographs taken of American Indians while still at war with the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-molliefly_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-molliefly-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Fly coolly posed his subjects, asking them to move and turn their heads and faces, to improve his composition. The popular publication <i><a href="/wiki/Harper%27s_Weekly" title="Harper's Weekly">Harper's Weekly</a></i> published six of his images in their April 24, 1886 issue.<sup id="cite_ref-vaughan_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vaughan-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1887, <a href="/wiki/Flash_powder" title="Flash powder">flash powder</a> was invented, enabling journalists such as <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Riis" title="Jacob Riis">Jacob Riis</a> to photograph informal subjects indoors, which led to the landmark 1890 book <i><a href="/wiki/How_the_Other_Half_Lives" title="How the Other Half Lives">How the Other Half Lives</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1897, it became possible to reproduce halftone photographs on printing presses running at full speed.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In France, agencies such as Rol, Branger and <a href="/wiki/Charles_Chusseau-Flaviens" title="Charles Chusseau-Flaviens">Chusseau-Flaviens</a> (ca. 1880–1910) syndicated photographs from around the world to meet the need for timely new illustration.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Despite these innovations, limitations remained, and many of the sensational <a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">newspaper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">magazine</a> stories in the period from 1897 to 1927 were illustrated with engravings. In 1921, the <a href="/wiki/Wirephoto" title="Wirephoto">wirephoto</a> made it possible to transmit pictures almost as quickly as news itself could travel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_age">Golden age</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Golden age"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The "Golden Age of Photojournalism" is often considered to be roughly the 1930s through the 1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was made possible by the development of the compact commercial <a href="/wiki/35mm_format" class="mw-redirect" title="35mm format">35mm</a> <a href="/wiki/Leica_Camera" title="Leica Camera">Leica camera</a> in 1925, and the first <a href="/wiki/Flash_bulb" class="mw-redirect" title="Flash bulb">flash bulbs</a> between 1927 and 1930, which allowed the journalist true flexibility in taking pictures. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg/200px-Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="276" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg/300px-Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg/400px-Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung_01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2449" data-file-height="3380" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung" title="Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung">Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung</a></i> pioneered modern photojournalism and was widely copied. Pictured, the cover of issue of 26 August 1936: a meeting between <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a> and <a href="/wiki/Emilio_Mola" title="Emilio Mola">Emilio Mola</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A new style of magazine and newspaper appeared that used photography more than text to tell stories. The <i><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Illustrirte_Zeitung" title="Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung">Berliner Illustrirte Zeitung</a></i> was the first to pioneer the format of the illustrated news magazine. Beginning in 1901, it began to print photographs inside the magazine, a revolutionary innovation. In the successive decades, it was developed into the prototype of the modern news magazine.<sup id="cite_ref-Ganeva53_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganeva53-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It pioneered the photo-essay,<sup id="cite_ref-Ganeva53_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ganeva53-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> had a specialised staff and production unit for pictures and maintained a photo library.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It also introduced the use of candid photographs taken with the new smaller cameras.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The magazine sought out reporters who could tell a story using photographs, notably the pioneer sports photographer <a href="/wiki/Martin_Munk%C3%A1csi" title="Martin Munkácsi">Martin Munkácsi</a>, the first staff photographer,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Erich_Salomon" title="Erich Salomon">Erich Salomon</a>, one of the founders of photojournalism.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other magazines included, <i><a href="/wiki/Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung" title="Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung">Arbeiter-Illustrierte-Zeitung</a></i> (Berlin), <i><a href="/wiki/Vu_(magazine)" title="Vu (magazine)">Vu</a></i> (France), <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> (USA), <i><a href="/wiki/Look_(American_magazine)" title="Look (American magazine)">Look</a></i> (USA), <i><a href="/wiki/Picture_Post" title="Picture Post">Picture Post</a></i> (London)); and newspapers, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Mirror" class="mw-redirect" title="The Daily Mirror">The Daily Mirror</a></i> (London) and <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Daily_News" class="mw-redirect" title="The New York Daily News">The New York Daily News</a></i>. Famous photographers of the era included <a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Romano_Cagnoni" title="Romano Cagnoni">Romano Cagnoni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfred_Eisenstaedt" title="Alfred Eisenstaedt">Alfred Eisenstaedt</a>, <a href="/wiki/Margaret_Bourke-White" title="Margaret Bourke-White">Margaret Bourke-White</a> and <a href="/wiki/W._Eugene_Smith" title="W. Eugene Smith">W. Eugene Smith</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson" title="Henri Cartier-Bresson">Henri Cartier-Bresson</a> is held by some to be the father of modern photojournalism,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> although this appellation has been applied to various other photographers, such as <a href="/wiki/Erich_Salomon" title="Erich Salomon">Erich Salomon</a>, whose candid pictures of political figures were novel in the 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The photojournalism of, for example, <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%AD_Centelles" title="Agustí Centelles">Agustí Centelles</a> played an important role in the propaganda efforts of the Republican side in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> in the late 1930s.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/170px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="221" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/255px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg/340px-Lange-MigrantMother02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6205" data-file-height="8066" /></a><figcaption>In <i><a href="/wiki/Migrant_Mother" title="Migrant Mother">Migrant Mother</a></i> (1936) <a href="/wiki/Dorothea_Lange" title="Dorothea Lange">Dorothea Lange</a> produced the seminal image of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>. The FSA also employed several other photojournalists to document the depression.</figcaption></figure> <p>American journalist <a href="/wiki/Julien_Bryan" title="Julien Bryan">Julien Bryan</a> photographed and filmed the beginning of the Second World War being under heavy German bombardment in September 1939 in Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was pioneer worker in color photography, <a href="/wiki/Kodachrome" title="Kodachrome">Kodachrome</a>. </p><p><a href="/wiki/William_Vandivert" title="William Vandivert">William Vandivert</a> photographed in color the German bombardment of London called <a href="/wiki/The_Blitz" title="The Blitz">the Blitz</a> in 1940.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Soldier <a href="/wiki/Tony_Vaccaro" title="Tony Vaccaro">Tony Vaccaro</a> is also recognized as one of the pre-eminent photographers of <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a>. His images taken with the modest <a href="/wiki/Argus_C3" title="Argus C3">Argus C3</a> captured horrific moments in war, similar to Capa's Spanish soldier being shot. Capa himself was on <a href="/wiki/Omaha_Beach" title="Omaha Beach">Omaha Beach</a> on <a href="/wiki/D-Day" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Day">D-Day</a> and captured pivotal images of the conflict on that occasion. Vaccaro is also known for having developed his own images in soldier's helmets, and using chemicals found in the ruins of a camera store in 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Until the 1980s, most large newspapers were printed with turn-of-the-century "letterpress" technology using easily smudged oil-based ink, off-white, low-quality "newsprint" paper, and coarse engraving screens. While letterpresses produced legible text, the photoengraving dots that formed pictures often bled or smeared and became fuzzy and indistinct. In this way, even when newspapers used photographs well — a good crop, a respectable size — murky reproduction often left readers re-reading the caption to see what the photo was all about. The <i><a href="/wiki/Wall_Street_Journal" class="mw-redirect" title="Wall Street Journal">Wall Street Journal</a></i> adopted <a href="/wiki/Stipple" class="mw-redirect" title="Stipple">stippled</a> <a href="/wiki/Hedcut" title="Hedcut">hedcuts</a> in 1979 to publish portraits and avoid the limitations of letterpress printing. Not until the 1980s did a majority of newspapers switch to "offset" presses that reproduce photos with fidelity on better, whiter paper.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boy_destroying_piano.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boy_destroying_piano.jpg/170px-Boy_destroying_piano.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="258" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boy_destroying_piano.jpg/255px-Boy_destroying_piano.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Boy_destroying_piano.jpg/340px-Boy_destroying_piano.jpg 2x" data-file-width="528" data-file-height="800" /></a><figcaption>Boy destroying piano at Pant-y-Waen, South Wales, by <a href="/wiki/Philip_Jones_Griffiths" title="Philip Jones Griffiths">Philip Jones Griffiths</a>, 1961</figcaption></figure> <p>By contrast <i>Life</i>, one of America's most popular weekly magazines from 1936 through the early 1970s, was filled with photographs reproduced beautifully on oversize 11×14-inch pages, using fine engraving screens, high-quality inks, and glossy paper. <i>Life</i> often published a <a href="/wiki/United_Press_International" title="United Press International">United Press International</a> (UPI) or <a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a> (AP) photo that had been first reproduced in newspapers, but the quality magazine version appeared to be a different photo altogether. In large part because their pictures were clear enough to be appreciated, and because their name always appeared with their work, magazine photographers achieved near-celebrity status. <i>Life</i> became a standard by which the public judged photography, and many of today's photo books celebrate "photojournalism" as if it had been the exclusive province of near-celebrity magazine photographers.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1947, a few famous photographers founded the international photographic cooperative <a href="/wiki/Magnum_Photos" title="Magnum Photos">Magnum Photos</a>. In 1989, <a href="/wiki/Branded_Entertainment_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Branded Entertainment Network">Corbis Corporation</a> and in 1995 <a href="/wiki/Getty_Images" title="Getty Images">Getty Images</a> were founded. These powerful image libraries sell the rights to photographs and other still images.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline">Decline</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Photojournalists_bw.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Photojournalists_bw.jpg/220px-Photojournalists_bw.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/Photojournalists_bw.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>Sports photojournalists at <a href="/wiki/Indianapolis_Motor_Speedway" title="Indianapolis Motor Speedway">Indianapolis Motor Speedway</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The Golden Age of Photojournalism ended in the 1970s when many photo-magazines ceased publication, most prominently, <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i>, which ended weekly publication in December 1972.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They found that they could not compete with other media for advertising revenue to sustain their large circulations and high costs. Still, those magazines taught journalism much about the photographic essay and the power of still images.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However, since the late 1970s, photojournalism and <a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">documentary photography</a> have increasingly been accorded a place in art galleries alongside <a href="/wiki/Fine_art_photography" class="mw-redirect" title="Fine art photography">fine art photography</a>. <a href="/wiki/Luc_Delahaye" title="Luc Delahaye">Luc Delahaye</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Rivera-Ortiz" title="Manuel Rivera-Ortiz">Manuel Rivera-Ortiz</a> and the members of <a href="/wiki/VII_Photo_Agency" title="VII Photo Agency">VII Photo Agency</a> are among many who regularly exhibit in galleries and museums.<sup id="cite_ref-ZoneZero_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ZoneZero-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_organizations">Professional organizations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Professional organizations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Danish_Union_of_Press_Photographers" title="Danish Union of Press Photographers">Danish Union of Press Photographers</a> (Pressefotografforbundet) was the first national organization for newspaper photographers in the world. It was founded in 1912 in <a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> by six press photographers.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Today it has over 800 members. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Photographers_Association" title="National Press Photographers Association">National Press Photographers Association</a> (NPPA) was founded in 1946 in the U.S., and has about 10,000 members. Others around the world include the British Press Photographers Association<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (BPPA) founded in 1984, then relaunched in 2003, and now has around 450 members. Hong Kong Press Photographers Association (1989), Northern Ireland Press Photographers Association (2000), Pressfotografernas Klubb (Sweden, 1930), and PK — Pressefotografenes Klubb (Norway).<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Magnum_Photos" title="Magnum Photos">Magnum Photos</a> was founded in 1947 by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Capa" title="Robert Capa">Robert Capa</a>, <a href="/wiki/David_Seymour_(photographer)" title="David Seymour (photographer)">David "Chim" Seymour</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henri_Cartier-Bresson" title="Henri Cartier-Bresson">Henri Cartier-Bresson</a>, <a href="/wiki/George_Rodger" title="George Rodger">George Rodger</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Vandivert" title="William Vandivert">William Vandivert</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rita_Vandivert&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rita Vandivert (page does not exist)">Rita Vandivert</a> and <a href="/wiki/Maria_Eisner" title="Maria Eisner">Maria Eisner</a>, being one of the first photographic cooperatives, owned and administered entirely by its members worldwide. </p><p><a href="/wiki/VII_Photo_Agency" title="VII Photo Agency">VII Photo Agency</a> was founded in September 2001 and got its name from the original seven founders, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra_Boulat" title="Alexandra Boulat">Alexandra Boulat</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ron_Haviv" title="Ron Haviv">Ron Haviv</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gary_Knight_(photographer)" title="Gary Knight (photographer)">Gary Knight</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonin_Kratochvil" class="mw-redirect" title="Antonin Kratochvil">Antonin Kratochvil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Morris_(photographer)" title="Christopher Morris (photographer)">Christopher Morris</a>, <a href="/wiki/James_Nachtwey" title="James Nachtwey">James Nachtwey</a> and <a href="/wiki/John_Stanmeyer" title="John Stanmeyer">John Stanmeyer</a>. Today it has 30 members, along with a mentor program. </p><p>News organizations and journalism schools run many different awards for photojournalists. Since 1968, <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prizes" class="mw-redirect" title="Pulitzer Prizes">Pulitzer Prizes</a> have been awarded for the following categories of photojournalism: 'Feature Photography', 'Spot News Photography'. Other awards are World Press Photo, Best of Photojournalism, and Pictures of the Year as well as the UK based The Press Photographer's Year.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ethical,_legal,_and_social_considerations"><span id="Ethical.2C_legal.2C_and_social_considerations"></span>Ethical, legal, and social considerations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ethical, legal, and social considerations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Photojournalism" title="Special:EditPage/Photojournalism">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Press_photographers,_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg/220px-Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="124" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg/330px-Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fe/Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg/440px-Press_photographers%2C_2016_Labour_Party_Conference.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="3384" /></a><figcaption>Photojournalists at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/Labour_Party_(UK)_Conference" class="mw-redirect" title="Labour Party (UK) Conference">Labour Party Conference</a> in Liverpool</figcaption></figure> <p>Photojournalism works within the same ethical approaches to objectivity that are applied by other journalists. What to photograph, what to include in the frame, how to curate, and how to edit are constant considerations. Photographing news for an assignment or to illustrate a story can present many possible ethical problems. Photojournalists have a moral responsibility to decide what pictures to take, what picture to stage, and what pictures to show the public. For example, photographs of violence and tragedy are prevalent in American journalism because, as an understated rule of thumb, "<a href="/wiki/Fascination_with_death" title="Fascination with death">if it bleeds, it leads</a>". The public may be attracted to the spectacle of gruesome photographs and dramatic stories. Controversy may arise when deciding which photographs are too violent to show the public.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Photographs of the dead or injured arouse controversy because, more often than not, the name of person depicted in the photograph is not given in the caption. The <a href="/wiki/Execution_of_Nguy%E1%BB%85n_V%C4%83n_L%C3%A9m" class="mw-redirect" title="Execution of Nguyễn Văn Lém">photograph of the street execution of a Viet Cong soldier</a> during the <a href="/wiki/Vietnam_War" title="Vietnam War">Vietnam War</a> provoked a lot of interest because it captured the exact moment of death. The victim's wife learned about her husband's death when she was given a newspaper with the photo on the front page.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This photo has claimed a reputation of "galvanizing the <a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_United_States_involvement_in_the_Vietnam_War" title="Opposition to United States involvement in the Vietnam War">anti-war movement in the United States</a>"<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and impacted many people's perception of the war. Being exposed to such violence can have physiological and psychological effects on those who document it and is but one of many different forms of emotional labor that photojournalists report experiencing.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In this case, the photographer Eddie Adams was quoted saying "I was getting money for showing one man killing another. Two lives were destroyed, and I was getting paid for it. I was a hero."<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He expressed how this photo haunted him due to its impact on the world. </p><p>A key example of how impactful photography can be is found during documentation of the <a href="/wiki/Civil_rights_movement" title="Civil rights movement">Civil Rights Movement.</a> <a href="/wiki/Bill_Hudson_(photographer)" title="Bill Hudson (photographer)">Bill Hudson</a> was in Birmingham, <a href="/wiki/Alabama" title="Alabama">Alabama</a> on a quest to document <a href="/wiki/Birmingham_campaign" title="Birmingham campaign">the peaceful protests of the movement</a> when he took a photo of high school student Walter Gadsden. In this photograph Gadsden appeared to be attacked by a police dog and the resulting image brought the gory side of the movement to everyone's attention. The photo was seen above the fold in the May 1963 <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i>. In the case of this particular photograph, it helped change the path of the civil rights movement<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="support the claim that this image changed the path/direction of the movement, what was the path before and what did it become after this photograph was received? (April 2022)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and gained it even more attention. </p><p>Other issues involving photojournalism include the <a href="/wiki/Right_to_privacy" title="Right to privacy">right to privacy</a>, negotiating how the subject desires to be depicted,<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and questions of whether compensation is warranted. Especially regarding pictures of violence, photojournalists face the <a href="/wiki/Ethical_dilemma" title="Ethical dilemma">ethical dilemma</a> of whether or not to publish images of the victims. The victim's right to privacy is sometimes not addressed or the picture is printed without their knowledge or consent. </p><p>Another major issue of photojournalism is <a href="/wiki/Photo_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo manipulation">photo manipulation</a> – what degree is acceptable?  Some pictures are simply manipulated for color enhancement, whereas others are manipulated to the extent where people are edited in or out of the picture. <a href="/wiki/War_photography" title="War photography">War photography</a> has always been a genre of photojournalism that is frequently staged. Due to the bulkiness and types of cameras present during past wars in history, it was rare when a photograph could capture a spontaneous news event. Subjects were carefully composed and staged in order to capture better images. Another ethical issue is false or misleading captioning. The <a href="/wiki/2006_Lebanon_War_photographs_controversies" title="2006 Lebanon War photographs controversies">2006 Lebanon War photographs controversies</a> is a notable example of some of these issue, and see <a href="/wiki/Photo_manipulation#Use_in_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Photo manipulation">photo manipulation: use in journalism</a> for other examples.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The emergence of <a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">digital photography</a> offers new realms of opportunity for the manipulation, reproduction, and transmission of images. It has inevitably complicated many of the ethical issues involved.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Often, ethical conflicts can be mitigated or enhanced by the actions of a sub-editor or picture editor, who takes control of the images once they have been delivered to the news organization. The photojournalist often has no control as to how images are ultimately used.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Press_Photographers_Association" title="National Press Photographers Association">National Press Photographers Association</a> (NPPA) is an American professional society that emphasizes photojournalism. Members of the NPPA accept the following code of ethics </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"> <ol><li>The practice of photojournalism, both as a science and art, is worthy of the very best thought and effort of those who enter into it as a profession.</li> <li>Photojournalism affords an opportunity to serve the public that is equaled by few other vocations and all members of the profession should strive by example and influence to maintain high standards of ethical conduct free of mercenary considerations of any kind.</li> <li>It is the individual responsibility of every photojournalist at all times to strive for pictures that report truthfully, honestly and objectively.</li> <li>Business promotion in its many forms is essential, but untrue statements of any nature are not worthy of a professional photojournalist and we severely condemn any such practice.</li> <li>It is our duty to encourage and assist all members of our profession, individually and collectively, so that the quality of photojournalism may constantly be raised to higher standards.</li> <li>It is the duty of every photojournalist to work to preserve all freedom-of-the-press rights recognized by law and to work to protect and expand freedom-of-access to all sources of news and visual information.</li> <li>Our standards of business dealings, ambitions and relations shall have in them a note of sympathy for our common humanity and shall always require us to take into consideration our highest duties as members of society. In every situation in our business life, in every responsibility that comes before us, our chief thought shall be to fulfill that responsibility and discharge that duty so that when each of us is finished we shall have endeavored to lift the level of human ideals and achievement higher than we found it.</li> <li>No Code of Ethics can prejudge every situation, thus common sense and good judgment are required in applying ethical principles.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ol></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Unethical_practices">Unethical practices</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Unethical practices"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Most photojournalists consider stage-managed shots presented as candid to be unethical.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There have been examples in the history of photojournalism of photographers purposefully deceiving their audience by doing so. </p><p>Mike Meadows, a veteran photographer of the <i><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a></i>, was covering a major wild fire sweeping southern California on 27 October 1993. His picture of a <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles County</a> firefighter, Mike Alves cooling himself off with water in a pool in <a href="/wiki/Altadena,_California" title="Altadena, California">Altadena</a> ran both in the <i>Times</i> and nationally. Prior to submitting the photograph for a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a>, Meadows' assignment editor, Fred Sweets, contacted the firefighter, who reportedly said he had been asked by Meadows to go to the pool and splash water on his head. Meadows denied the accusation, claiming "I may have been guilty of saying this would make a nice shot, but to the best of my recollection, I did not directly ask him to do that. ... I've been doing breaking news stories for years and years and I've never in my life set up a picture." Meadows was suspended without pay for a week and picture was withdrawn from any prize competitions – the <i>Times</i> called it a "fabrication" and the paper's photography director, Larry Armstrong, said "when you manipulate the situation, you manipulate the news."<sup id="cite_ref-:1_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Edward Keating, a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize" title="Pulitzer Prize">Pulitzer Prize</a> winner from <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>, photographed a young boy pointing a toy gun outside a Middle Eastern grocery store, near a town where the <a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> raided an alleged <a href="/wiki/Al_Qaeda" class="mw-redirect" title="Al Qaeda">Al Qaeda</a> cell. Other photographers at the scene claimed that Keating pointed with his own arm to show the boy which way to look and aim the gun. After the <i>Columbia Journalism Review</i> reported the incident, Keating was forced to leave the paper.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_of_new_technologies">Impact of new technologies</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Impact of new technologies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg/170px-Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg/255px-Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a1/Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg/340px-Mr._Fenton%27s_photographic_van.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="539" /></a><figcaption><i>Roger Fenton's Photographic Van</i>, 1855, formerly a wine merchant's wagon; his assistant is pictured at the front.</figcaption></figure> <p>As early as the <a href="/wiki/Crimean_War" title="Crimean War">Crimean War</a> in the mid-19th century, photographers were using the novel technology of the <a href="/wiki/Photographic_plates" class="mw-redirect" title="Photographic plates">glass plate camera</a> to record images of British soldiers in the field. As a result, they had to deal with not only war conditions, but their pictures often required long <a href="/wiki/Shutter_speeds" class="mw-redirect" title="Shutter speeds">shutter speeds</a>, and they had to prepare each plate before taking the shot and develop it immediately after. This led to, for example, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Fenton" title="Roger Fenton">Roger Fenton</a> traveling around in a transportable dark room, which at times made him a target of the enemy. These technological barriers are why he was unable to obtain any direct images of the action.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The use of photography as a way of reporting news did not become widespread until the advent of smaller, more portable cameras that used an enlargeable <a href="/wiki/Film_negative" class="mw-redirect" title="Film negative">film negative</a> to record images. The introduction of the 35 mm <a href="/wiki/Leica_camera" class="mw-redirect" title="Leica camera">Leica camera</a> in 1925 made it possible for photographers to move with the action, take multiple shots of events as they were unfolding, as well as be more able to create a narrative through their photographs alone.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Since the 1960s, motor drives, electronic flash, auto-focus, better lenses and other camera enhancements have made picture-taking easier. New <a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital cameras</a> free photojournalists from the limitation of film roll length. Although the number depends on the amount of megapixels the camera contains, whether one's shooting mode is <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> or <a href="/wiki/Raw_image_format" title="Raw image format">raw</a>, and what size of memory card one is using, it is possible to store thousands of images on a single <a href="/wiki/Memory_card" title="Memory card">memory card</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg/220px-LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg/330px-LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg/440px-LEI0060_186_Leica_I_Sn.5193_1927_Originalzustand_Front-2_FS-15.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4677" data-file-height="3096" /></a><figcaption>Leica 1, (1925)'s introduction marked the beginning of modern photojournalism.</figcaption></figure> <p>Social media are playing a big part in revealing world events to a vast audience. Whenever there is a major event in the world, there are usually people with camera phones ready to capture photos and post them on various social networks. Such convenience allows the Associated Press and other companies to reach out to the citizen journalist who holds ownership of the photos and get permission to use those photos in news outlets.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The content of photos tends to outweigh their quality when it comes to news value. On February 18, 2004, <i>The New York Times</i> published on their front page a photo of AT&T CEO John Zeglis which was taken with a camera phone.<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Content remains the most important element of photojournalism, but the ability to extend deadlines with rapid gathering and editing of images has brought significant changes. Even by the end of the 1990s – when digital cameras such as the <a href="/wiki/Nikon_D1" title="Nikon D1">Nikon D1</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Canon_EOS_D30" title="Canon EOS D30">Canon EOS D30</a> were still in their infancy – nearly 30 minutes were needed to scan and transmit a single color photograph from a remote location to a news office for printing. Now, equipped with a digital camera, a <a href="/wiki/Mobile_phone" title="Mobile phone">mobile phone</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Laptop" title="Laptop">laptop</a> computer, a photojournalist can send a high-quality image in minutes, even seconds after an event occurs. <a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">Camera phones</a> and portable <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> links increasingly allow for the mobile transmission of images from almost any point on the earth.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2015)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>There is some concern by news photographers that the profession of photojournalism as it is known today could change to such a degree that it is unrecognizable as image-capturing technology naturally progresses.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Staff photojournalism jobs continued to dwindle in the 2010s and some of the largest news media outlets in the U.S. now rely on freelancers for the majority of their needs.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> For example, in 2016, the <i>New York Times</i> employed 52 photo editors and relied on freelancers to provide 50 percent or more of its visuals; <i>The Wall Street Journal</i> employed 24 photo editors and relied on freelancers for 66 percent of its features imagery and 33 percent of its news imagery; <i>The Washington Post</i> employed 19 photo editors and relied on freelancers for 80 percent of its international news imagery, 50 percent of its political news imagery, and between 60 and 80 percent of its national news imagery. </p><p>The age of the citizen journalist and the providing of news photos by amateur bystanders have contributed to the art of photojournalism. <a href="/wiki/Paul_Levinson" title="Paul Levinson">Paul Levinson</a> attributes this shift to the <a href="/wiki/Kodak" title="Kodak">Kodak</a> camera, one of the first cheap and accessible photo technologies that "put a piece of visual reality into every person's potential grasp."<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The empowered news audience with the advent of the Internet sparked the creation of <a href="/wiki/Blogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Blogs">blogs</a>, <a href="/wiki/Podcasts" class="mw-redirect" title="Podcasts">podcasts</a> and online news, independent of the traditional outlets, and "for the first time in our history, the news increasingly is produced by companies outside journalism".<sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Dan Chung, a former photojournalist for <i><a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a></i> and <a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a>, believes that professional photojournalists will have to adapt to video to make a living.<sup id="cite_ref-55" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most <a href="/wiki/Digital_single_lens_reflex" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital single lens reflex">digital single lens reflex</a> bodies are being equipped with video capabilities.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Phone_journalism">Phone journalism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Phone journalism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Phone journalism is a relatively new and even controversial<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> means of photojournalism, which involves the use of pictures taken and edited on phones by professional or non-professional photographers. </p><p>In recent years, as social media has become the major platform on which people receive news and share events, phone photography is gaining popularity as the primary tool for online visual communication. A phone is easy to carry and always accessible in a pocket, and the immediacy in taking pictures can reduce the intervention of the scene and subjects to a minimum. With the assistance of abundant applications, photographers can achieve a highly aesthetic way of conveying messages.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Once the pictures are uploaded onto social media, photographers can immediately expose their work to a wide range of audiences and receive real-time feedback from them. With a large number of active participants online, the pictures could also be spread out in a short period of time, thus evoking profound influence on society.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Having noticed the advantages of the combination of social media and <a href="/wiki/Phoneography" class="mw-redirect" title="Phoneography">Phoneography</a>, some well-known newspapers, news magazines and professional photojournalists decided to employ phone journalism as a new approach. When the <a href="/wiki/7_July_2005_London_bombings" title="7 July 2005 London bombings">London Bombings</a> happened in July 2005, for the first time, both the <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">New York Times</a></i> and the <i><a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">Washington Post</a></i> ran photos on their front pages made by citizen journalists with camera phones.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As work of witnesses and survivors, the images were less the outcome of documentary intent than a response to a traumatic shock.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_56-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These photos represented "vivid, factual accounts of history as it explodes around us", according to <i>Washington Post</i> journalist Robert MacMillan.<sup id="cite_ref-Lavoie_56-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lavoie-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In another instance, when <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Sandy" title="Hurricane Sandy">Hurricane Sandy</a> hit the northeastern United States in 2012, <i>Time</i> sent out five photographers with iPhones to document the devastation. Photographers dived deep into the site and captured pictures in close proximity to the storm and human suffering. One of the shots, raging ocean waves collapsing on <a href="/wiki/Coney_Island" title="Coney Island">Coney Island</a> in Brooklyn, taken by Benjamin Lowy, made the cover of <i>Time</i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s November 12 issue. Then in 2013, the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i> laid off its entire staff of 28 photographers, including <a href="/wiki/John_H._White_(photojournalist)" title="John H. White (photojournalist)">John H. White</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Pulitzer_Prize_for_Photography" title="Pulitzer Prize for Photography">Pulitzer Prize winner in photography</a>. The newspaper cited viewers shifting towards more video as a reason. They then employed freelance photographers and required them to train in how to use an iPhone for photography to fill the gap. Some viewers online were quick to point out an at-times reduction in quality in comparison to the newspaper's previous full-time professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-58" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output 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alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/28px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/42px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/56px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Journalism" title="Portal:Journalism">Journalism portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Associated_Press" title="Associated Press">Associated Press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Spanish_photojournalism" title="History of Spanish photojournalism">History of Spanish photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JPG_(magazine)" title="JPG (magazine)"><i>JPG</i> (magazine)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">List of photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photojournalists" title="List of photojournalists">List of photojournalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnum_Photos" title="Magnum Photos">Magnum Photos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paparazzi" title="Paparazzi">Paparazzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photo_caption" title="Photo caption">Photo caption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reuters" title="Reuters">Reuters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VII_Photo_Agency" title="VII Photo Agency">VII Photo Agency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZUMA_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="ZUMA Press">ZUMA Press</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFLaurel_BrakeMarysa_DemoorMargaret_Beetham2009" class="citation book cs1">Laurel Brake; Marysa Demoor; Margaret Beetham (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qVrUTUelE6YC"><i>Dictionary of Nineteenth-century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland</i></a>. 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Davidson, <i>Digital Photojournalism</i> (Allyn & Bacon, 2002). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-205-33240-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-205-33240-4">0-205-33240-4</a></li> <li>The Photograph, Graham Clarke, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-284200-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-284200-5">0-19-284200-5</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131105065158/http://uniquecreator.webs.com/apps/documents/">An Hand Book: Photo Journalism</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Photojournalism&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Photojournalism" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://photo-journalism.org">Perpignan International Center for Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090916095335/http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/rcollins/242photojournalism/historyofphotography.html">"A Brief History of Photography and Photojournalism</a>, by Ross Collins, North Dakota State University, Fargo</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.reportage.org/2001/CubaLaBruja/PagesCubaLB/cubalbstrip.html">La Bruja, Cuba – an example of photojournalism</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100218130501/http://digitalcustom.com/howto/mediaguidelines.asp">An example of ethics guidelines for photo-journalism</a> by DigitalCustom</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vam.ac.uk/content/articles/p/photojournalism/">Photojournalism</a> article at the <a href="/wiki/Victoria_and_Albert_Museum" title="Victoria and Albert Museum">Victoria and Albert Museum</a> website</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thebppa.com/">The British Press Photographers' Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nppa.org/">National Press Photographers Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130902124305/http://www.gaia-photos.com/">Gaia – Photojournalism from around the world</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://journalism.cubreporters.org/2010/09/photojournalism.html">How To Become a Photojournalist, CubReporters.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norcc.org/wiki/Photojournalism">Photojournalism</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.norcc.org">norcc.org</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pressphotos.biz/">Pressphotos freelance photographers associations around the world</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120717215600/http://www.pressphotos.biz/">Archived</a> 2012-07-17 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/rr/print/coll/596_womphotoj.html">Women Photojournalists</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Journalism" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Journalism" title="Template:Journalism"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Journalism" title="Template talk:Journalism"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Journalism"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Journalism" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Journalism" title="Journalism">Journalism</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Journalist" title="Journalist">Journalists (reporters)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columnist" title="Columnist">Columnist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editing" title="Editing">Editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copy_editing" title="Copy editing">Copy editor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteorologist" title="Meteorologist">Meteorologist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_presenter" title="News presenter">News presenter</a></li> <li>Photographer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pundit" title="Pundit">Pundit / commentator</a></li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Profession</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/News" title="News">News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_style" title="News style">Writing style</a> (<a href="/wiki/Five_Ws" title="Five Ws">Five Ws</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_ethics_and_standards" title="Journalism ethics and standards">Ethics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Code_of_ethics_in_media" title="Code of ethics in media">code of ethics</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_culture" title="Journalism culture">Culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalistic_objectivity" title="Journalistic objectivity">Objectivity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_values" title="News values">News values</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Source_(journalism)" title="Source (journalism)">Attribution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defamation" title="Defamation">Defamation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensationalism" title="Sensationalism">Sensationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Editorial_independence" title="Editorial independence">Editorial independence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Journalism_school" title="Journalism school">Journalism school</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Areas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Arts_journalism" title="Arts journalism">Arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_journalism" title="Business journalism">Business</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_journalism" title="Entertainment journalism">Entertainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environmental_journalism" title="Environmental journalism">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_journalism" title="Fashion journalism">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_journalism" title="Medical journalism">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_journalism" title="Music journalism">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Political_journalism" title="Political journalism">Politics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_journalism" title="Science journalism">Science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_journalism" title="Sports journalism">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technology_journalism" title="Technology journalism">Technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_reporting" title="Traffic reporting">Traffic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_journalism" title="Video game journalism">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_correspondent" title="War correspondent">War</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weather_forecasting" title="Weather forecasting">Weather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_news" title="World news">World</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Journalism_genres" title="Journalism genres">Genres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Adversarial_journalism" title="Adversarial journalism">Adversarial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Advocacy_journalism" title="Advocacy journalism">Advocacy</a> (<a href="/wiki/Journalistic_interventionism" title="Journalistic interventionism">Interventionism</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analytic_journalism" title="Analytic journalism">Analytic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blog" title="Blog">Blogging</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_journalism" title="Broadcast journalism">Broadcast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churnalism" title="Churnalism">Churnalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_journalism" title="Citizen journalism">Citizen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Civic_journalism" title="Civic journalism">Civic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collaborative_journalism" title="Collaborative journalism">Collaborative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comics_journalism" title="Comics journalism">Comics-based</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_journalism" title="Community journalism">Community</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_journalism" title="Data journalism">Data</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Database_journalism" title="Database journalism">Database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_journalism" title="Digital journalism">Digital/Online</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explanatory_journalism" title="Explanatory journalism">Explanatory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fact-checking" title="Fact-checking">Fact-checking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gonzo_journalism" title="Gonzo journalism">Gonzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human-interest_story" title="Human-interest story">Human-interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Immersion_journalism" title="Immersion journalism">Immersion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interpretive_journalism" title="Interpretive journalism">Interpretive</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Investigative_journalism" title="Investigative journalism">Investigative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multimedia_journalism" title="Multimedia journalism">Multimedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narrative_journalism" title="Narrative journalism">Narrative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Journalism" title="New Journalism">New Journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-profit_journalism" class="mw-redirect" title="Non-profit journalism">Non-profit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opinion_journalism" title="Opinion journalism">Opinion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peace_journalism" title="Peace journalism">Peace</a></li> <li>Photojournalism</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_release" title="Press release">Press release</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sensor_journalism" title="Sensor journalism">Sensor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabloid_journalism" title="Tabloid journalism">Tabloid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underground_press" title="Underground press">Underground</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_journalism" title="Video journalism">Video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_journalism" title="Visual journalism">Visual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watchdog_journalism" title="Watchdog journalism">Watchdog</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social impact</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Fake_news" title="Fake news">Fake news</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Estate" title="Fourth Estate">Fourth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Estate" title="Fifth Estate">Fifth Estate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Freedom_of_the_press" title="Freedom of the press">Freedom of the press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infotainment" title="Infotainment">Infotainment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horse_race_journalism" title="Horse race journalism">Horse race journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Media_bias" title="Media bias">Media bias</a> (<a href="/wiki/False_balance" title="False balance">False balance</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pink-slime_journalism" title="Pink-slime journalism">Pink-slime journalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_relations" title="Public relations">Public relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Propaganda_model" title="Propaganda model">Propaganda model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yellow_journalism" title="Yellow journalism">Yellow journalism</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">News media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="excerpt-block"><div class="excerpt"> <li><a href="/wiki/Newspaper" title="Newspaper">Newspapers</a> (<a href="/wiki/Newspaper_of_record" title="Newspaper of record">Newspaper of record</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magazine" title="Magazine">Magazines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_broadcasting" title="News broadcasting">TV and radio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_newspaper" title="Online newspaper">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/News_agency" title="News agency">News agencies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media" title="Alternative media">Alternative media</a></li></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Index_of_journalism_articles" title="Index of journalism articles">List of journalism articles</a> – <a href="/wiki/Outline_of_journalism" title="Outline of journalism">Outline</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Photography" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Photography" title="Template:Photography"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Photography" title="Template talk:Photography"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Photography" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Photography"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Photography" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Photography" title="Photography">Photography</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Equipment</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">Camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Light_field_camera" title="Light field camera">light-field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">digital</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Field_camera" title="Field camera">field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_camera" title="Instant camera">instant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_phone" title="Camera phone">phone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinhole_camera" title="Pinhole camera">pinhole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Press_camera" title="Press camera">press</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinder_camera" title="Rangefinder camera">rangefinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Single-lens reflex camera">SLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera" title="Camera">still</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twin-lens_reflex_camera" title="Twin-lens reflex camera">TLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">toy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/View_camera" title="View camera">view</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darkroom" title="Darkroom">Darkroom</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enlarger" title="Enlarger">enlarger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safelight" title="Safelight">safelight</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_film" title="Photographic film">Film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Film_base" title="Film base">base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_holder" title="Film holder">holder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_stock" title="Film stock">stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_films" title="List of photographic films">available films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_discontinued_photographic_films" title="List of discontinued photographic films">discontinued films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_filter" title="Photographic filter">Filter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_(photography)" title="Flash (photography)">Flash</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beauty_dish" title="Beauty dish">beauty dish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucoloris" title="Cucoloris">cucoloris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gobo_(lighting)" title="Gobo (lighting)">gobo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_shoe" title="Hot shoe">hot shoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_hood" title="Lens hood">lens hood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monolight" title="Monolight">monolight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflector_(photography)" title="Reflector (photography)">reflector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snoot" title="Snoot">snoot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Softbox" title="Softbox">softbox</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_lens" title="Camera lens">Lens</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long-focus_lens" title="Long-focus lens">long-focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prime_lens" title="Prime lens">prime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_lens" title="Zoom lens">zoom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wide-angle_lens" title="Wide-angle lens">wide-angle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fisheye_lens" title="Fisheye lens">fisheye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swivel_lens" title="Swivel lens">swivel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telephoto_lens" title="Telephoto lens">telephoto</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_equipment_makers" title="List of photographic equipment makers">Manufacturers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monopod" title="Monopod">Monopod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Movie_projector" title="Movie projector">Movie projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_projector" title="Slide projector">Slide projector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_(photography)" title="Tripod (photography)">Tripod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tripod_head" title="Tripod head">head</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_plate" title="Zone plate">Zone plate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Terminology</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/35_mm_equivalent_focal_length" title="35 mm equivalent focal length">35 mm equivalent focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_of_view_(photography)" title="Angle of view (photography)">Angle of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aperture" title="Aperture">Aperture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Backscatter_(photography)" title="Backscatter (photography)">Backscatter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black-and-white" title="Black-and-white">Black-and-white</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromatic_aberration" title="Chromatic aberration">Chromatic aberration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circle_of_confusion" title="Circle of confusion">Circle of confusion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clipping_(photography)" title="Clipping (photography)">Clipping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_balance" title="Color balance">Color balance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_temperature" title="Color temperature">Color temperature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_field" title="Depth of field">Depth of field</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Depth_of_focus" title="Depth of focus">Depth of focus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_(photography)" title="Exposure (photography)">Exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_compensation" title="Exposure compensation">Exposure compensation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_value" title="Exposure value">Exposure value</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zebra_patterning" title="Zebra patterning">Zebra patterning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/F-number" title="F-number">F-number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_format" title="Film format">Film format</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Large_format" title="Large format">large</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medium_format" title="Medium format">medium</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_speed" title="Film speed">Film speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Focal_length" title="Focal length">Focal length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guide_number" title="Guide number">Guide number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hyperfocal_distance" title="Hyperfocal distance">Hyperfocal distance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lens_flare" title="Lens flare">Lens flare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metering_mode" title="Metering mode">Metering mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perspective_distortion" title="Perspective distortion">Perspective distortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photograph" title="Photograph">Photograph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_printing" title="Photographic printing">Photographic printing</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albumen_print" title="Albumen print">Albumen</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographic_processes" title="List of photographic processes">Photographic processes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reciprocity_(photography)" title="Reciprocity (photography)">Reciprocity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">Red-eye effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Science_of_photography" title="Science of photography">Science of photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutter_speed" title="Shutter speed">Shutter speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_synchronization" title="Flash synchronization">Sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zone_System" title="Zone System">Zone System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_photography" title="Abstract photography">Abstract</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_photography" title="Aerial photography">Aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aircraft_spotting" title="Aircraft spotting">Aircraft</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Architectural_photography" title="Architectural photography">Architectural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrophotography" title="Astrophotography">Astrophotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Banquet_photography" title="Banquet photography">Banquet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Candid_photography" title="Candid photography">Candid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conceptual_photography" title="Conceptual photography">Conceptual</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_photography" title="Conservation photography">Conservation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloudscape_photography" title="Cloudscape photography">Cloudscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Documentary_photography" title="Documentary photography">Documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eclipse_photography" title="Eclipse photography">Eclipse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_anthropology" title="Visual anthropology">Ethnographic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_photography" title="Erotic photography">Erotic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashion_photography" title="Fashion photography">Fashion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fine-art_photography" title="Fine-art photography">Fine-art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_photography" title="Fire photography">Fire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forensic_photography" title="Forensic photography">Forensic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glamour_photography" title="Glamour photography">Glamour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landscape_photography" title="Landscape photography">Landscape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monochrome_photography" title="Monochrome photography">Monochrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nature_photography" title="Nature photography">Nature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Sehen" title="Neues Sehen">Neues Sehen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nude_photography" title="Nude photography">Nude</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Photojournalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pictorialism" title="Pictorialism">Pictorialism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pornography" title="Pornography">Pornography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portrait_photography" title="Portrait photography">Portrait</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-mortem_photography" title="Post-mortem photography">Post-mortem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruins_photography" title="Ruins photography">Ruins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Selfie" title="Selfie">Selfie</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Space_selfie" title="Space selfie">space selfie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_documentary_photography" title="Social documentary photography">Social documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_photography" title="Sports photography">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Still_life_photography" title="Still life photography">Still life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stock_photography" title="Stock photography">Stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_photography" title="Straight photography">Straight photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Street_photography" title="Street photography">Street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera" title="Toy camera">Toy camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Underwater_photography" title="Underwater photography">Underwater</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vernacular_photography" title="Vernacular photography">Vernacular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedding_photography" title="Wedding photography">Wedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wildlife_photography" title="Wildlife photography">Wildlife</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Afocal_photography" title="Afocal photography">Afocal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bokeh" title="Bokeh">Bokeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brenizer_method" title="Brenizer method">Brenizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burst_mode_(photography)" title="Burst mode (photography)">Burst mode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contre-jour" title="Contre-jour">Contre-jour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposing_to_the_right" title="Exposing to the right">ETTR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fill_flash" title="Fill flash">Fill flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fireworks_photography" title="Fireworks photography">Fireworks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs" title="Hand-colouring of photographs">Hand-colouring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harris_shutter" title="Harris shutter">Harris shutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/High-speed_photography" title="High-speed photography">High-speed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holography" title="Holography">Holography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_photography" title="Infrared photography">Infrared</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_camera_movement" title="Intentional camera movement">Intentional camera movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kirlian_photography" title="Kirlian photography">Kirlian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kite_aerial_photography" title="Kite aerial photography">Kite aerial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lo-fi_photography" title="Lo-fi photography">Lo-fi photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-exposure_photography" title="Long-exposure photography">Long-exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luminogram" title="Luminogram">Luminogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macro_photography" title="Macro photography">Macro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mordan%C3%A7age" title="Mordançage">Mordançage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multiple_exposure" title="Multiple exposure">Multiple exposure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-exposure_HDR_capture" title="Multi-exposure HDR capture">Multi-exposure HDR capture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_photography" title="Night photography">Night</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panning_(camera)" title="Panning (camera)">Panning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panoramic_photography" title="Panoramic photography">Panoramic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photogram" title="Photogram">Photogram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_print_toning" title="Photographic print toning">Print toning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pigeon_photography" title="Pigeon photography">Pigeon photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redscale" title="Redscale">Redscale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rephotography" title="Rephotography">Rephotography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rollout_photography" title="Rollout photography">Rollout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanography" title="Scanography">Scanography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schlieren_photography" title="Schlieren photography">Schlieren photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sabattier_effect" title="Sabattier effect">Sabattier effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slow_motion" title="Slow motion">Slow motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stopping_down" title="Stopping down">Stopping down</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strip_photography" title="Strip photography">Strip</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Slit-scan_photography" title="Slit-scan photography">Slit-scan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sun_printing" title="Sun printing">Sun printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tilt%E2%80%93shift_photography" title="Tilt–shift photography">Tilt–shift</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_faking" title="Miniature faking">Miniature faking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time-lapse_photography" title="Time-lapse photography">Time-lapse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ultraviolet_photography" title="Ultraviolet photography">Ultraviolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vignetting" title="Vignetting">Vignetting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerox_art" title="Xerox art">Xerography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoom_burst" title="Zoom burst">Zoom burst</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Composition_(visual_arts)" title="Composition (visual arts)">Composition</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Diagonal_method" title="Diagonal method">Diagonal method</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Framing_(visual_arts)" title="Framing (visual arts)">Framing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Headroom_(photographic_framing)" title="Headroom (photographic framing)">Headroom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lead_room" title="Lead room">Lead room</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rule_of_thirds" title="Rule of thirds">Rule of thirds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simplicity_(photography)" title="Simplicity (photography)">Simplicity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_triangle_(composition)" title="Golden triangle (composition)">Golden triangle (composition)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_photography" title="History of photography">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_photography_technology" title="Timeline of photography technology">Timeline of photography technology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ambrotype" title="Ambrotype">Ambrotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Analog_photography" title="Analog photography">Analog photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Autochrome_Lumi%C3%A8re" title="Autochrome Lumière">Autochrome Lumière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Box_camera" title="Box camera">Box camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calotype" title="Calotype">Calotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Camera_obscura" title="Camera obscura">Camera obscura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daguerreotype" title="Daguerreotype">Daguerreotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dufaycolor" title="Dufaycolor">Dufaycolor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heliography" title="Heliography">Heliography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lippmann_plate" title="Lippmann plate">Lippmann plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Painted_photography_backdrops" title="Painted photography backdrops">Painted photography backdrops</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_and_the_law" title="Photography and the law">Photography and the law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_plate" title="Photographic plate">Glass plate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tintype" title="Tintype">Tintype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_arts" title="Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Albania" title="Photography in Albania">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Bangladesh" title="Photography in Bangladesh">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Canada" title="Photography in Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_China" title="Photography in China">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Denmark" title="Photography in Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Greece" title="Photography in Greece">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_India" title="Photography in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Japan" title="Photography in Japan">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Korea" title="Photography in Korea">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Luxembourg" title="Photography in Luxembourg">Luxembourg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Norway" title="Photography in Norway">Norway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_Philippines" title="Photography in the Philippines">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Serbia" title="Photography in Serbia">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Slovenia" class="mw-redirect" title="Photography in Slovenia">Slovenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Sudan" title="Photography in Sudan">Sudan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Taiwan" title="Photography in Taiwan">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Turkey" title="Photography in Turkey">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Ukraine" title="Photography in Ukraine">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_the_United_States" title="Photography in the United States">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Uzbekistan" title="Photography in Uzbekistan">Uzbekistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photography_in_Vietnam" title="Photography in Vietnam">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digital_photography" title="Digital photography">Digital photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera" title="Digital camera">Digital camera</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Digital_single-lens_reflex_camera" title="Digital single-lens reflex camera">D-SLR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_SLRs" title="Comparison of digital SLRs">comparison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mirrorless_camera" title="Mirrorless camera">MILC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_camera_back" title="Digital camera back">camera back</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digiscoping" title="Digiscoping">Digiscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_digital_and_film_photography" title="Comparison of digital and film photography">Comparison of digital and film photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Film_scanner" title="Film scanner">Film scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sensor" title="Image sensor">Image sensor</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active-pixel_sensor" title="Active-pixel sensor">CMOS APS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charge-coupled_device" title="Charge-coupled device">CCD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three-CCD_camera" title="Three-CCD camera">Three-CCD camera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foveon_X3_sensor" title="Foveon X3 sensor">Foveon X3 sensor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_sharing" title="Image sharing">Image sharing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel" title="Pixel">Pixel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Color_photography" title="Color photography">Color photography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_print_film" title="Color print film">Print film</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chromogenic_print" title="Chromogenic print">Chromogenic print</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reversal_film" title="Reversal film">Reversal film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_management" title="Color management">Color management</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Color_space" title="Color space">color space</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Primary_color" title="Primary color">primary color</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CMYK_color_model" title="CMYK color model">CMYK color model</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RGB_color_model" title="RGB color model">RGB color model</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Photographic_processing" title="Photographic processing">Photographic<br />processing</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bleach_bypass" title="Bleach bypass">Bleach bypass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C-41_process" title="C-41 process">C-41 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collodion_process" title="Collodion process">Collodion process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cross_processing" title="Cross processing">Cross processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyanotype" title="Cyanotype">Cyanotype</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_developer" title="Photographic developer">Developer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_image_processing" title="Digital image processing">Digital image processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dye_coupler" title="Dye coupler">Dye coupler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E-6_process" title="E-6 process">E-6 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Photographic_fixer" title="Photographic fixer">Fixer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelatin_silver_process" class="mw-redirect" title="Gelatin silver process">Gelatin silver process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gum_printing" title="Gum printing">Gum printing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instant_film" title="Instant film">Instant film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K-14_process" title="K-14 process">K-14 process</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Print_permanence" title="Print permanence">Print permanence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Push_processing" title="Push processing">Push processing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stop_bath" title="Stop bath">Stop bath</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_largest_photographs" title="List of largest photographs">Largest photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_photographs" title="List of most expensive photographs">Most expensive photographs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_museums_devoted_to_one_photographer" title="List of museums devoted to one photographer">Museums devoted to one photographer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographs_considered_the_most_important" title="List of photographs considered the most important">Photographs considered the most important</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photographers" title="List of photographers">Photographers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Norwegian_photographers" title="List of Norwegian photographers">Norwegian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Polish_photographers" title="List of Polish photographers">Polish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_street_photographers" title="List of street photographers">street</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_women_photographers" title="List of women photographers">women</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_photography_periodicals" title="List of photography periodicals">Photography periodicals</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographs" title="Conservation and restoration of photographs">Conservation and restoration of photographs</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_film" title="Conservation and restoration of film">film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservation_and_restoration_of_photographic_plates" title="Conservation and restoration of photographic plates">photographic plates</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toy_camera#Lomography" title="Toy camera">Lomography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polaroid_art" title="Polaroid art">Polaroid art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stereoscopy" title="Stereoscopy">Stereoscopy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" 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