CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="af" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Argeologie - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-disabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )afwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""], "wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","Januarie","Februarie","Maart","April","Mei","Junie","Julie","Augustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"cce50a17-c03e-4bda-8d7b-0160396fd955","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Argeologie","wgTitle":"Argeologie","wgCurRevisionId":2683711,"wgRevisionId":2683711,"wgArticleId":6347,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders","Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders","Artikels met GND-identifiseerders","Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders","Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders","Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders","Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders","Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders","Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders","Normdata met 9 elemente","Pages using ISBN magic links","Antropologie","Argeologie"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"af","wgPageContentLanguage":"af", "wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Argeologie","wgRelevantArticleId":6347,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"af","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"af"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q23498","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model", "platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=ext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=af&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/1200px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="799"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/800px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="532"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/640px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="426"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Argeologie - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argeologie"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Wysig" href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (af)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//af.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argeologie"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.af"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atoomvoer" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Argeologie rootpage-Argeologie skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Gaan na inhoud</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Hoofkieslys" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hoofkieslys</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Hoofkieslys</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasie </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" title="Besoek die Tuisblad [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Tuisblad</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gebruikersportaal" title="Meer oor die projek, wat jy kan doen, nuttige skakels"><span>Gebruikersportaal</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Geselshoekie" title="Agtergrondinligting oor aktuele sake"><span>Geselshoekie</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Onlangse_wysigings" title="'n Lys van onlangse wysigings [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Onlangse wysigings</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Lukraak" title="Laai 'n lukrake bladsye [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Lukrake bladsy</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Contents" title="Vind meer uit oor iets"><span>Hulp</span></a></li><li id="n-Sandput" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sandput"><span>Sandput</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Tuisblad" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-af.svg" width="118" height="13" style="width: 7.375em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Soek" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Soek</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Deursoek Wikipedia" aria-label="Deursoek Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Deursoek Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Spesiaal:Soek"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Soek</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Voorkoms" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Voorkoms</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af" class=""><span>Skenkings</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Argeologie" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie." class=""><span>Skep gebruiker</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Argeologie" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Meld aan</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Meer opsies" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Persoonlike gereedskap" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Persoonlike gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_af.wikipedia.org&uselang=af"><span>Skenkings</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:SkepRekening&returnto=Argeologie" title="U word aangemoedig om 'n gebruiker te skep en aan te meld, hoewel dit nie verpligtend is nie."><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Skep gebruiker</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Teken_in&returnto=Argeologie" title="U word aangemoedig om aan te meld. Dit is egter nie verpligtend nie. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Meld aan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bladsye vir uitgemelde redakteurs <a href="/wiki/Hulp:Inleiding" aria-label="Leer meer oor redigering"><span>leer meer</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybydrae" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Bydraes</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Mybespreking" title="Bespreking oor bydraes van hierdie IP-adres [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Werf"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Inhoud" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Inhoud</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inleiding</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Belangrikheid_en_toepaslikheid" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Belangrikheid_en_toepaslikheid"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Belangrikheid en toepaslikheid</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Belangrikheid_en_toepaslikheid-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Veldmetodes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Veldmetodes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Veldmetodes</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Veldmetodes-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Wissel Veldmetodes subafdeling</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Veldmetodes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Opname" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Opname"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Opname</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Opname-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uitgrawing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uitgrawing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Uitgrawing</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uitgrawing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Na-uitgrawingsanalise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Na-uitgrawingsanalise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Na-uitgrawingsanalise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Na-uitgrawingsanalise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Datering" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Datering"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Datering</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Datering-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geskiedenis_van_argeologie" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geskiedenis_van_argeologie"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Geskiedenis van argeologie</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geskiedenis_van_argeologie-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Plundery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plundery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Plundery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plundery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sien_ook" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sien_ook"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Sien ook</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sien_ook-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bronnelys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bronnelys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Bronnelys</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bronnelys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Eksterne_skakels" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Eksterne_skakels"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Eksterne skakels</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Eksterne_skakels-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Inhoud" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Wissel die inhoudsopgawe" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Wissel die inhoudsopgawe</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Argeologie</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Gaan na 'n artikel in 'n ander taal. Beskikbaar in 166 tale" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 tale</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Switserse Duits" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Switserse Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%88%A5%E1%8A%90_%E1%89%85%E1%88%AD%E1%88%B5" title="ሥነ ቅርስ – Amharies" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ሥነ ቅርስ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueoloch%C3%ADa" title="Arqueolochía – Aragonees" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Arqueolochía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="علم الآثار – Arabies" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الآثار" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="علم الاثار – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="علم الاثار" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolox%C3%ADa" title="Arqueoloxía – Asturies" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Arqueoloxía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Avaries" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawopa" title="Rawopa – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Rawopa" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="पुरातत्त्व – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="पुरातत्त्व" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Azerbeidjans" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbeidjans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%A7%D8%B2%DB%8C_%D8%A8%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%85" title="قازی بیلیم – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="قازی بیلیم" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Baskir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Baskir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeuoluog%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Arkeuoluogėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Arkeuoluogėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolohiya" title="Arkeolohiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Arkeolohiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археалогія – Belarussies" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Археалогія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarussies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%91%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археалёгія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Археалёгія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Bulgaars" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%86%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%80" title="आर्कियोलॉजी – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="आर्कियोलॉजी" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%81%E1%80%AB%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC%E1%82%8F" title="သုတေသနစခါပညာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="သုတေသနစခါပညာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC" title="প্রত্নতত্ত্ব – Bengaals" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="প্রত্নতত্ত্ব" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengaals" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologiezh" title="Arkeologiezh – Bretons" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Arkeologiezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Bretons" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Bosnies" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Katalaans" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolohiya" title="Arkeyolohiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Arkeyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%88%DB%8E%D9%86%DB%95%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="شوێنەوارناسی – Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="شوێنەوارناسی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiulugia" title="Archiulugia – Korsikaans" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Archiulugia" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Tsjeggies" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Tsjeggies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arche%C3%B2logij%C3%B4" title="Archeòlogijô – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Archeòlogijô" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kaszëbsczi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Археологи – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Археологи" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeoleg" title="Archaeoleg – Wallies" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Archaeoleg" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Wallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A6ologi" title="Arkæologi – Deens" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Arkæologi" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Deens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Duits" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Duits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolociye" title="Arkeolociye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Arkeolociye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%81%CF%87%CE%B1%CE%B9%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Αρχαιολογία – Grieks" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αρχαιολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Grieks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eml mw-list-item"><a href="https://eml.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeolog%C3%AE" title="Archeologî – Emiliano-Romagnolo" lang="egl" hreflang="egl" data-title="Archeologî" data-language-autonym="Emiliàn e rumagnòl" data-language-local-name="Emiliano-Romagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Emiliàn e rumagnòl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology – Engels" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Archaeology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Engels" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="voorbladartikel"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologio" title="Arkeologio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Arkeologio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolog%C3%ADa" title="Arqueología – Spaans" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Arqueología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheoloogia" title="Arheoloogia – Estnies" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Arheoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estnies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Baskies" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Baskies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arquiolog%C3%ADa" title="Arquiología – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Arquiología" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%E2%80%8C%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="باستان‌شناسی – Persies" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="باستان‌شناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Fins" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Fins" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloogia" title="Arkeoloogia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Arkeoloogia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie – Frans" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Archéologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Frans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqu%C3%A8ologia" title="Arquèologia – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Arquèologia" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologjie" title="Archeologjie – Friuliaans" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Archeologjie" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeology" title="Archeology – Fries" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Archeology" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Fries" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seand%C3%A1la%C3%ADocht" title="Seandálaíocht – Iers" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Seandálaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Iers" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lark%C3%A9yoloji" title="Larkéyoloji – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Larkéyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80rc-e%C3%B2las" title="Àrc-eòlas – Skotse Gallies" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Àrc-eòlas" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Skotse Gallies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueolox%C3%ADa" title="Arqueoloxía – Galisies" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Arqueoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenndaaleeaght" title="Shenndaaleeaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Shenndaaleeaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%A1u-k%C3%BA-ho%CC%8Dk" title="Kháu-kú-ho̍k – Hakka-Sjinees" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kháu-kú-ho̍k" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%90%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="ארכאולוגיה – Hebreeus" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ארכאולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebreeus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पुरातत्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Kroaties" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akeyoloji" title="Akeyoloji – Haïtiaans" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Akeyoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haïtiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A9g%C3%A9szet" title="Régészet – Hongaars" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Régészet" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hongaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Հնագիտություն – Armeens" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հնագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Indonesies" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologio" title="Arkeologio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Arkeologio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fornleifafr%C3%A6%C3%B0i" title="Fornleifafræði – Yslands" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Fornleifafræði" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yslands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Italiaans" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Japannees" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japannees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9ologi" title="Arkéologi – Javaans" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Arkéologi" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არქეოლოგია – Georgies" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="არქეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C9%A9b%C9%A9njaaz%C9%A9_kp%C9%9Bl%C9%9Bk%CA%8A%CA%8A_t%CA%8Am%C9%A9y%C9%9B" title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Kɩbɩnjaazɩ kpɛlɛkʊʊ tʊmɩyɛ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Kazaks" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kl mw-list-item"><a href="https://kl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ittarnisarsiorneq" title="Ittarnisarsiorneq – Kalaallisut" lang="kl" hreflang="kl" data-title="Ittarnisarsiorneq" data-language-autonym="Kalaallisut" data-language-local-name="Kalaallisut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kalaallisut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%94%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%B7%E1%9E%91%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%99%E1%9E%B6" title="បុរាណវិទ្យា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="បុរាណវិទ្យា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A4%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B0" title="ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪುರಾತತ್ತ್ವ ಶಾಸ್ತ್ರ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B3%A0%EA%B3%A0%ED%95%99" title="고고학 – Koreaans" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="고고학" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Koreaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%94%D9%84%D9%85%DB%81%D9%90_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="عٔلمہِ آثار – Kasjmirs" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عٔلمہِ آثار" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kasjmirs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloj%C3%AE" title="Arkeolojî – Koerdies" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Arkeolojî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Koerdies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Kirgisies" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgisies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeologia" title="Archaeologia – Latyn" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Archaeologia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolojiya" title="Arkeolojiya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Arkeolojiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Luxemburgs" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxemburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arceolojia" title="Arceolojia – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Arceolojia" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Limburgs" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgs" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9A%E0%BA%B9%E0%BA%AE%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B0%E0%BA%8D%E0%BA%B2" title="ບູຮານວິທະຍາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ບູຮານວິທະຍາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologija" title="Archeologija – Litaus" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Archeologija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Litaus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheolo%C4%A3ija" title="Arheoloģija – Letties" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Arheoloģija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Letties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arke%C3%B4l%C3%B4jia" title="Arkeôlôjia – Malgassies" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Arkeôlôjia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malgassies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Археологий – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Археологий" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Археологија – Masedonies" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Археологија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Masedonies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%81%E0%B4%B6%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%82" title="പുരാവസ്തുശാസ്ത്രം – Malabaars" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പുരാവസ്തുശാസ്ത്രം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malabaars" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8" title="Археологи – Mongools" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Археологи" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%80%E1%80%BD%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA%E1%80%95%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AB%E1%80%9B%E1%80%AC%E1%80%94%E1%80%BA" title="ကွတ်ပေါရာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ကွတ်ပေါရာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Maleis" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Maleis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolo%C4%A1ija" title="Arkeoloġija – Maltees" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Arkeoloġija" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologie" title="Arqueologie – Mirandees" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Arqueologie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9B%E1%80%BE%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9F%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9E%E1%80%94%E1%80%95%E1%80%8A%E1%80%AC" title="ရှေးဟောင်းသုတေသနပညာ – Birmaans" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ရှေးဟောင်းသုတေသနပညာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Birmaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologgia" title="Archeologgia – Neapolitaans" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Archeologgia" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A4ologie" title="Archäologie – Nederduits" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Archäologie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Nederduits" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ooldheaidkeunde" title="Ooldheaidkeunde – Nedersaksies" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Ooldheaidkeunde" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Nedersaksies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र – Nepalees" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepalees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5" title="पुरातत्व – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="पुरातत्व" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – Nederlands" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Nederlands" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Nuwe Noors" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nuwe Noors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Boeknoors" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Boeknoors" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arch%C3%A9ologie" title="Archéologie – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Archéologie" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Oksitaans" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Oksitaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheolougii" title="Arheolougii – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Arheolougii" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qorambaa" title="Qorambaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Qorambaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologia" title="Arkeologia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Arkeologia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9olodjie" title="Arkéolodjie – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Arkéolodjie" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Pools" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Pools" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آثاریات – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="آثاریات" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%88%D9%86%D9%BE%D9%88%D9%87%D9%86%D9%87" title="لرغونپوهنه – Pasjtoe" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="لرغونپوهنه" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pasjtoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arqueologia" title="Arqueologia – Portugees" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Arqueologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Reto-Romaans" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Reto-Romaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologie" title="Arheologie – Roemeens" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Arheologie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Roemeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Russies" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археолоґія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Археолоґія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%81%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%8D" title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="पुरातत्त्वशास्त्रम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Археология – Sakhaans" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Археология" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakhaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologia" title="Archeologia – Sardinies" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Archeologia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archiolugg%C3%ACa" title="Archioluggìa – Sisiliaans" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Archioluggìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airchaeology" title="Airchaeology – Skots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Airchaeology" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%AF%D9%8A%D9%85_%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="قديم آثار – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="قديم آثار" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Serwo-Kroaties" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serwo-Kroaties" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%8F%E0%B7%80" title="පුරාවිද්‍යාව – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="පුරාවිද්‍යාව" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology" title="Archaeology – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Archaeology" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeol%C3%B3gia" title="Archeológia – Slowaaks" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Archeológia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slowaaks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologija" title="Arheologija – Sloweens" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Arheologija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Sloweens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologjia" title="Arkeologjia – Albanees" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Arkeologjia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Археологија – Serwies" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Археологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serwies" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ark%C3%A9ologi" title="Arkéologi – Sundanees" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Arkéologi" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeologi" title="Arkeologi – Sweeds" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Arkeologi" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Sweeds" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiolojia" title="Akiolojia – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Akiolojia" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D" title="தொல்லியல் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தொல்லியல்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AA%E0%B1%81%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%81_%E0%B0%B6%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B8%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%A4%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%82" title="పురావస్తు శాస్త్రం – Teloegoe" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="పురావస్తు శాస్త్రం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Teloegoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akarolojia" title="Akarolojia – Tetoem" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Akarolojia" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetoem" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tetun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D3%A3" title="Бостоншиносӣ – Tadjiks" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Бостоншиносӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tadjiks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%93%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%B5" title="โบราณคดี – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="โบราณคดี" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arheologi%C3%BDa" title="Arheologiýa – Turkmeens" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Arheologiýa" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmeens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeolohiya" title="Arkeolohiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Arkeolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Akiolosi" title="Akiolosi – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Akiolosi" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeoloji" title="Arkeoloji – Turks" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Arkeoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B5%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Археологія – Oekraïens" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Археологія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Oekraïens" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D8%AB%D8%A7%D8%B1%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="آثاریات – Oerdoe" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آثاریات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Oerdoe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arxeologiya" title="Arxeologiya – Oezbeeks" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Arxeologiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Oezbeeks" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeo%C5%82ozia" title="Archeołozia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Archeołozia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%E1%BA%A3o_c%E1%BB%95_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Khảo cổ học – Viëtnamees" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Khảo cổ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Viëtnamees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeologie" title="Archeologie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Archeologie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%B6notav" title="Vönotav – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Vönotav" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolodjeye" title="Arkeyolodjeye – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Arkeyolodjeye" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arkeyolohiya" title="Arkeyolohiya – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Arkeyolohiya" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Wu-Sjinees" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%94%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9D%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="არქეოლოგია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="არქეოლოგია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%A2%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A2" title="ארכעאלאגיע – Jiddisj" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="ארכעאלאגיע" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Jiddisj" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80r%E1%BB%8D%CC%80ay%C3%A9ij%E1%BB%8D%CC%81un" title="Ọ̀rọ̀ayéijọ́un – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀rọ̀ayéijọ́un" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archeolohie" title="Archeolohie – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Archeolohie" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%A6" title="考古学 – Chinees" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="考古学" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kh%C3%B3-k%C3%B3%CD%98-ha%CC%8Dk" title="Khó-kó͘-ha̍k – Min Nan-Sjinees" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Khó-kó͘-ha̍k" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Min Nan-Sjinees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%80%83%E5%8F%A4%E5%AD%B8" title="考古學 – Kantonees" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="考古學" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kantonees" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Wysig skakels tussen tale" class="wbc-editpage">Wysig skakels</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Naamruimtes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Argeologie" title="Bekyk die inhoudbladsy [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Bladsy</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bespreking:Argeologie" rel="discussion" title="Bespreking oor die inhoudbladsy [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Bespreking</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Verander taalvariant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Afrikaans</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Weergawes"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Argeologie"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=history" title="Ouer weergawes van hierdie bladsy [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gereedskap" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gereedskap</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Gereedskap</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">versteek</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Argeologie"><span>Lees</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit" title="Redigeer hierdie bladsy [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Wysig</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit" title="Wysig die bladsy se bonkode [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Wysig bron</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=history"><span>Wys geskiedenis</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Algemeen </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Skakels_hierheen/Argeologie" title="'n Lys bladsye wat hierheen skakel [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Skakels hierheen</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:OnlangseVeranderingsMetSkakels/Argeologie" rel="nofollow" title="Onlangse wysigings aan bladsye wat vanaf hierdie bladsy geskakel is [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Verwante veranderings</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Spesiale_bladsye" title="'n Lys van al die spesiale bladsye [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Spesiale bladsye</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&oldid=2683711" title="'n Permanente skakel na hierdie weergawe van die bladsy"><span>Permanente skakel</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bladinligting</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:CiteThisPage&page=Argeologie&id=2683711&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Inligting oor hoe u hierdie bladsy kan verwys"><span>Haal dié blad aan</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArgeologie"><span>Kry verkorte URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Faf.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FArgeologie"><span>Laai QR-kode af</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Druk/uitvoer </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:Boek&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Argeologie"><span>Skep boek</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spesiaal:DownloadAsPdf&page=Argeologie&action=show-download-screen"><span>Laai af as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&printable=yes" title="Drukbare weergawe van hierdie bladsy [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Drukbare weergawe</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Ander projekte </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Archaeology" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q23498" title="Skakel na gekonnekteerde databank item [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata-item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Voorkoms"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Voorkoms</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">skuif na kantbalk</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">versteek</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">in Wikipedia, die vrye ensiklopedie</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="af" dir="ltr"><figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/L%C3%AAer:GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/300px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG" decoding="async" width="300" height="200" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/450px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9e/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG/600px-GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1516" data-file-height="1009" /></a><figcaption>'n Roomse teater in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Argeologie</b> of <b>oudheidkunde</b> is die studie van menslike <a href="/wiki/Kultuur" title="Kultuur">kulture</a> deur die herwinning, dokumentering en analise van materiële oorblyfsels, insluitende <a href="/wiki/Argitektuur" title="Argitektuur">argitektuur</a>, kunsprodukte, oorblyfsels van lewende organismes insluitend menslike oorblyfsels en die studie van die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Landskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Landskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">landskap</a> waarin die mense gewoon het. Die doel van argeologie is om lig te werp op die langtermyn voorgeskiedenis, <a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Geskiedenis">geskiedenis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gedrag" title="Gedrag">gedragspatrone</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulturele_ewolusie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulturele ewolusie (bladsy bestaan nie)">kulturele ewolusie</a> van die mens. Dit is die enigste vakgebied wat die metodiek beskryf vir die versameling en interpretasie van inligting oor die voorgeskiedenis van die mens en kan ook 'n belangrike bydrae lewer tot ons verstaan van opgetekende gemeenskappe. Ander vertakkinge van <a href="/wiki/Antropologie" title="Antropologie">antropologie</a> vul die bevindings van argeologie aan, veral <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kulturele_antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kulturele antropologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">kulturele antropologie</a> (wat die gedragspatrone, simboliek en materiële aspekte van 'n kultuur bestudeer) en <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fisiese_antropologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fisiese antropologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">fisiese antropologie</a> (wat die studie van die menslike ewolusie en beenkunde behels). Ander vakrigtings vul argeologie ook aan, soos onder andere <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontologie</a> (die studie van oerlewe) wat die studie van oerdiere (oerdierkunde) en oerplante (oerplantkunde) insluit, verder ook <a href="/wiki/Aardrykskunde" title="Aardrykskunde">aardrykskunde</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geologie" title="Geologie">geologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Geskiedenis" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Geskiedenis">geskiedenis</a> en <a href="/wiki/Kunsgeskiedenis" title="Kunsgeskiedenis">kunsgeskiedenis</a>. </p><p>Argeologie is 'n benadering tot die verstaan van verlore kulture en die onopvallende aspekte van die mens se geskiedenis, sonder 'n afsnydatum: in <a href="/wiki/Engeland" title="Engeland">Engeland</a> het argeoloë die uitleg van lank verlore middel-eeuse nedersettings blootgelê wat ontruim is na die krisisse van die <a href="/wiki/14de_eeu" title="14de eeu">14de eeu</a>. In <a href="/wiki/New_York_Stad" class="mw-redirect" title="New York Stad">New York Stad</a> het argeoloë die 18de eeuse oorblyfsels gevind van die Swart begraafplaas daar. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Belangrikheid_en_toepaslikheid">Belangrikheid en toepaslikheid</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Wysig afdeling: Belangrikheid en toepaslikheid" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Belangrikheid en toepaslikheid"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die grootste deel van die mens se geskiedenis is nie vervat in geskrifte nie. Die <a href="/wiki/Skryfkuns" title="Skryfkuns">skryfkuns</a> het tot ongeveer 5000 jaar gelede nêrens bestaan nie en het slegs na 'n betreklik klein aantal tegnologies gevorderde <a href="/wiki/Beskawing" title="Beskawing">beskawing</a> versprei. Hierdie beskawings is dan, nie toevallig, die mees bekendes; hulle was toeganklik tot studie deur geskiedkundiges vir baie eeue, terwyl argeologie slegs onlangs ontstaan het. Selfs in beskawings wat geletterd was op sekere vlakke, is baie belangrike gebruike van dié mense nooit amptelik opgeteken nie. Enige kennis van die vroeë vormingsjare van die menslike beskawing – die ontwikkeling van <a href="/wiki/Landbou" title="Landbou">landbou</a>, kultusgebruike van volksgelowe, die ontstaan van die eerste <a href="/wiki/Stad" title="Stad">stede</a> – moet vanaf argeologie kom. </p><p>Selfs waar geskrewe rekords bestaan, is hulle meestal onvolledig of tot 'n mate bevooroordeeld. In baie gemeenskappe was geletterdheid beperk tot die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Elite&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Elite (bladsy bestaan nie)">elite</a> klasse, soos die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Geestelikes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Geestelikes (bladsy bestaan nie)">geestelikes</a> of die <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burokrate&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burokrate (bladsy bestaan nie)">burokrate</a> van die hof of tempel. Die geletterdheid van selfs 'n <a href="/wiki/Aristokrasie" title="Aristokrasie">aristokrasie</a> is dikwels beperk tot aktes en kontrakte. Die belangstelling en wêreldbeskouing van die elite is dikwels baie anders as die lewens en belangstellings van die gewone mense. Enige geskrifte wat geskep is deur mense wat die algemene bevolking nader verteenwoordig het, sou waarskynlik ook nie hul weg na die <a href="/wiki/Biblioteek" title="Biblioteek">biblioteke</a> gevind het waar hulle beskerm was nie. Geskrewe rekords neig dus om die vooroordele van die geletterde klasse te weerspieël en kan nie vertrou word as die enigste bron van kennis nie. Die materiële rekord is 'n beter benadering van 'n gemeenskap al is dit onderhewig aan sy eie onakkuraathede, soos onewe monsterneming en onewe bewaring. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Veldmetodes">Veldmetodes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Wysig afdeling: Veldmetodes" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Veldmetodes"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Opname">Opname</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Wysig afdeling: Opname" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Opname"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>'n Moderne argeologiese projek begin dikwels eers met 'n argeologiese opname. 'n <i>Streeksopname</i> is die poging om enige voorheen onbekende liggings van argeologiese belang in 'n streek te identifiseer. 'n <i>Liggingsopname</i> is 'n poging om sistematies die uitstaande kenmerke van belang, soos huise en hutte, te vind. Die metodes hier in gebruik stem baie ooreen. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uitgrawing">Uitgrawing</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Wysig afdeling: Uitgrawing" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Uitgrawing"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Uitgrawing&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Uitgrawing (bladsy bestaan nie)">Argeologiese uitgrawings</a> het bestaan toe die studieveld nog steeds in die bestek van amateurs geval het en bly tog steeds die bron van die oorgrote meerderheid van inligting wat ingewin is in die meeste projekte. Moderne uitgrawingstegnieke vereis dat die presiese ligging van voorwerpe en kenmerke opgeteken word. Dit behels altyd die bepaling van hul horisontale liggings maar soms ook die vertikale posisies. Soortgelyk moet hulle assosiasie of verwantskap tot ander voorwerpe in die nabyheid vir latere analise opgeteken word. Dit laat argeoloë toe om afleidings te maak aangaande watter voorwerpe en kenmerke met mekaar verband hou en in watter verskillende stadiums van die aktiwiteite dit gebruik kon wees. As 'n terrein bewoon was deur opeenvolgende onderskeibare kulture dan sal die meer onlangse kulture se voorwerpe bo die van die meer antieke kulture lê. </p><p>Uitgrawing is die duurste fase van argeologiese navorsing. Dit is ook 'n vernietigende proses en daarom bestaan daar etiese oorwegings ook. Daarom word min terreine geheel en al uitgegrawe. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monsterneming&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monsterneming (bladsy bestaan nie)">Monsterneming</a> is selfs belangriker tydens uitgrawings as in die opname fase. Dit is algemeen dat groot meganiese grondverskuiwingstoerusting gebruik word tydens uitgrawings, veral om <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bogrond&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bogrond (bladsy bestaan nie)">bogrond</a> te verwyder al word die metode met meer omsigtigheid gebruik. Hierna word die blootgestelde area gewoonlik met skoffelpikke en troffels skoongemaak. </p><p>Die volgende taak is om 'n terreinplan te teken wat dan as hulpmiddel gebruik word om oor die verdere uitgrawingsmetodes te besluit. Gekleurde as ook wit-en-swart foto's word geneem saam met gedetailleerde planne van seksies en indiwiduele eienskappe van die terrein. Die inligting kan dan bewaar word vir latere beskrywing en interpretasie van die terrein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Na-uitgrawingsanalise">Na-uitgrawingsanalise</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Wysig afdeling: Na-uitgrawingsanalise" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Na-uitgrawingsanalise"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Wanneer voorwerpe en strukture opgegrawe of bymekaargemaak word deur oppervlak opnames, is dit nodig om hulle deeglik te bestudeer om so veel moontlik inligting daaroor in te samel. Hierdie is gewoonlik die mees tydrowende deel van 'n argeologiese ondersoek. Dit is nie vreemd dat finale uitgrawingsverslae jare neem om gepubliseer te word nie. </p><p>Die mees basiese aktiwiteit behels die skoonmaak van voorwerpe, katalogiseer daarvan en vergelyking met ander gepubliseerde versamelings met die oog daarop om dit tipologies te klassifiseer en terreine met soortgelyke samestellings van voorwerpe te identifiseer. 'n Meer omvattende reeks analitiese tegnieke is egter beskikbaar in die vorm van <a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologiese_wetenskap&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Argeologiese wetenskap (bladsy bestaan nie)">argeologiese wetenskap</a>, wat beteken dat voorwerpe gedateer en hul samestellings bepaal kan word. Die bene, plante en stuifmeel wat op 'n terrein gevind word kan geanaliseer word (deur gebruik te maak van die tegnieke van (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Dierkundige_argeologie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dierkundige argeologie (bladsy bestaan nie)">dierkundige argeologie</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paleontologie" title="Paleontologie">paleontologie</a> en <a href="/wiki/Palinologie" title="Palinologie">palinologie</a> (stuifmeelkunde)), terwyl die geskrifte gewoonlik ook <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ontsyfer&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ontsyfer (bladsy bestaan nie)">ontsyfer</a> kan word. </p><p>Hierdie tegnieke verskaf dikwels inligting wat andersins nie bekend sou wees nie en daarom grootliks bydra tot die verstaan van 'n argeologiese terrein. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Datering">Datering</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Wysig afdeling: Datering" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Datering"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Datering is een van die belangrikste take van die argeoloog, maar dit is ongelukkig nie altyd moontlik om die ouderdom van 'n voorwerp presies te bepaal nie. Argeoloë moet dikwels tevrede wees met 'n globale skatting, wat beteken dat hulle in so 'n geval van die relatiewe chronologie gebruik maak. Volgens dié metode kan 'n mens vasstel of een voorwerp ouer as 'n ander is, maar nie hoeveel ouer nie. Die eerste poging tot relatiewe tydsbepaling is deur O. Montelius (1843-1921) gedoen. Gebruiksartikels is dikwels as gevolg van handelsverbindinge van die een gebied na 'n ander gebring. Waar die een gebied reeds 'n kalender gehad het en die voorwerp na 'n gebied gebring is waar geen skrif nog bestaan het nie, kan die gebeure gesinchroniseer word. Indien 'n mens dan 'n ingevoerde, gedateerde stuk vanuit <a href="/wiki/Egipte" title="Egipte">Egipte</a> of die <a href="/wiki/Nabye_Ooste" title="Nabye Ooste">Nabye Ooste</a> in 'n Europese vindplaas vergelyk met prehistoriese artikels wat byvoorbeeld in dieselfde aardlaag aangetref is, is dit moontlik om die datum van die ou voorwerp naastenby te bepaal. Ook die ontwikkeling van gebruiksvoorwerpe en die tegniese gevorderdheid daarvan, dui op chronologie. Die bestudering van die verskillende aardlae waarin argeologiese vondste gevind word, bied nog 'n metode vir datering. Hierdie metode berus op die aanname dat voorwerpe in ouer, laer lae ouer voorwerpe is. </p><p><i><b>Absolute chronologie</b></i> </p><p>Sedert die <a href="/wiki/Tweede_W%C3%AAreldoorlog" title="Tweede Wêreldoorlog">Tweede Wêreldoorlog</a> is 'n natuurwetenskaplike beginsel gebruik om die ouderdom van voorwerpe te bepaal. Kort na die oorlog het die Amerikaner B.F. Libby (geb. 1908) die radioaktiewe koolstofmetode ontdek. </p><p>Kosmiese strale uit die buitenste ruim dring die atmosfeer binne en vervaardig in die proses radioaktiewe koolstofatome met die massagetal 14. Koolstof 14 of C14 wat so gevorm word, is 'n isotoop van gewone koolstof met die massagetal 12 (C12). <a href="/wiki/Koolsuurgas" class="mw-redirect" title="Koolsuurgas">Koolsuurgas</a> word deur plante opgeneem, en aangesien alle diere, selfs karnivore, hulle liggaamsmaterie (direk of indirek) uit plantmateriaal opbou, word koolsuurgas universeel in alle lewende organiese materiaal gevind. Om dié rede is die verhouding C14/C12 in lewende organismes dieselfde as dié in die atmosfeer. Sodra 'n organisme doodgaan, hou dit op om koolstof uit die atmosfeer op te neem; trouens, die C14-inhoud begin dan stelselmatig verminder en word omgesit in stikstof. Die vermindering geskied sodanig dat na ongeveer 5 600 jaar, slegs die helfte van die oorspronklike inhoud oorbly (die halflewe genoem). Na nog 'n periode van genoemde tydperk is daar slegs 'n kwart van die oorspronklike C14 in die organisme aanwesig. In dooie organiese materiaal word die C14-inhoud ten opsigte van C12 al hoe kleiner met verloop van tyd, en teen 'n vasgestelde tempo. Die oorblywende proporsie C14/C12 kan in 'n laboratorium bepaal word en die tyd dat die organisme reeds dood is, kan dus ook bereken word. </p><p>Die verbranding van <a href="/wiki/Steenkool" title="Steenkool">steenkool</a> en olie en kernbomontploffings het in die laaste eeu die hoeveelheid koolstof (in die vorm van CO2) en die radioaktiwiteit in die atmosfeer laat toeneem. Daar het met ander woorde 'n verandering in die verhouding C12/C14 plaasgevind en dit beteken dat by datering hierdie afwyking in berekening gebring moet word. Buiten dit, het dit ook aan die lig gekom dat die halfwaarde wat deur Libby opgestel is (5 568 jaar) te kort is. </p><p>By nog 'n dateringsmetode word van die beginsel uitgegaan dat die magnetiese veld van die aarde gedurig van rigting en intensiteit verander. By die vervaardiging van erdewerk word die klei gebak en die oomblik dat die klei gebak word, word ook die rigting van die aarde se magnetiese veld vasgelê. Magnetiese veldskommelings het, soos reeds vasgestel, in spesifieke periodes plaasgevind. 'n Stuk erdewerk sal met ander woorde 'n sekere magneetveld-rigting aandui wat vergelykbaar is met 'n bepaalde periode. </p><p>Die natuurwetenskaplike beginsel by die bepaling van die ouderdom van artefakte help die argeoloog nie alleen om redelik na aan die ware ouderdom van 'n voorwerp te kom nie, maar ook om te bepaal of hy werklik met 'n antieke voorwerp te doen het. 'n Basiese metode wat hiervoor gebruik word, is die fluoorbeginsel. Menslike en dierlike beendere is gedurig in aanraking met die grondwater en die fluoor- en uraniuminhoud neem met die verloop van tyd toe. Deur die fluoorinhoud in beendere te meet kan die argeoloog vasstel of hy werklik met 'n antieke artefak te doen het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geskiedenis_van_argeologie">Geskiedenis van argeologie</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Wysig afdeling: Geskiedenis van argeologie" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Geskiedenis van argeologie"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die geskiedenis van argeologie is een waar daar toenemende proffesionalisering en die toenemende groei in die omvang van tegnieke in gebruik om soveel moontlik inligting oor 'n terrein te versamel. </p><p>Uitgrawings van antieke monumente en die versameling van oudhede het vir duisende jare plaasgevind maar was hoofsaaklik gerig op die herwinning van voorwerpe met 'n esteties of monetêre waarde. </p><p>Dit is eers in die 19de eeu wat die sistematiese studie van die verlede deur die fisiese oorblyfsels plaasgevind het. Argeologiese metodes is ontwikkel deur beide amateurs en beroepslui onder andere <a href="/w/index.php?title=Augustus_Pitt_Rivers&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Augustus Pitt Rivers (bladsy bestaan nie)">Augustus Pitt Rivers</a> en <a href="/w/index.php?title=William_Flinders_Petrie&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="William Flinders Petrie (bladsy bestaan nie)">William Flinders Petrie</a>. </p><p>Hierdie proses is voortgesit in die 20ste eeu deur mense soos <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mortimer_Wheeler&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mortimer Wheeler (bladsy bestaan nie)">Mortimer Wheeler</a>, wie se hoogs gedissiplineerde benadering tot uitgrawings 'n groot verbetering in die kwaliteit van die bewyse wat verkry kon word, teweeg gebring het. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plundery">Plundery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Wysig afdeling: Plundery" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section's source code: Plundery"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Die <a href="/wiki/Plundery" class="mw-redirect" title="Plundery">plundery</a> van argeologiese terreine deur mense op soek na skatte is 'n oer-oue probleem. Baie van die grafkelders van die Egiptiese <a href="/wiki/Farao" title="Farao">faraos</a> is al in die antieke tye geplunder. Die aanvang van argeologie het belangstelling deur wetenskaplikes en die algemene publiek in die antieke terreine baie laat groei, maar ook onwelkome aandag gelok. 'n Lewendige kommersiële vraag na oudhede bevorder plundery en die onwettige handel in oudhede, waar voorwerpe uit 'n land gesmokkel word vir private versamelaars. Plunderaars beskadig nie net die integriteit van 'n geskiedkundige terrein nie maar beroof ook die plaaslike bevolking van hul erfenis en hulle ontneem ook argeoloë van die geleentheid om waardevolle inligting te bekom oor die uitgrawing. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sien_ook">Sien ook</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=9" title="Wysig afdeling: Sien ook" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section's source code: Sien ook"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_beroemde_argeologiese_ontdekkings&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van beroemde argeologiese ontdekkings (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lys van beroemde argeologiese ontdekkings</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_beroemde_argeologiese_terreine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van beroemde argeologiese terreine (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lys van beroemde argeologiese terreine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_argeologiese_terreine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van argeologiese terreine (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lys van argeologiese terreine</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lys_van_argeolo%C3%AB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lys van argeoloë (bladsy bestaan nie)">Lys van argeoloë</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verlore_geskiedenis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verlore geskiedenis (bladsy bestaan nie)">Verlore geskiedenis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argeoseismologie" title="Argeoseismologie">Argeoseismologie</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bronnelys">Bronnelys</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=10" title="Wysig afdeling: Bronnelys" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section's source code: Bronnelys"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table role="presentation" class="mbox-small plainlinks sistersitebox" style="background-color:var(--background-color-base, #fff);border:1px solid var(--border-color-base, #a2a9b1);color:inherit"> <tbody><tr> <td class="mbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></td> <td class="mbox-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons bevat media in verband met <i><b><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Archaeology" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Archaeology">Archaeology</a></b></i>.</td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>Ashmore, W. and Sharer, R. J., <i>Discovering Our Past: A Brief Introduction to Archaeology</i> Mountain View: Mayfield Publishing Company. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/076741196X" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7674-1196-X</a>. Het ook as bron vir hierdie artikel gedien.</li> <li>Neumann, Thomas W. and Robert M. Sanford, <i>Practicing Archaeology: A Training Manual for Cultural Resources Archaeology</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/">Rowman and Littlefield Pub Inc</a>, Augustus, 2001, hardeband, 450 bladsye, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0759100942" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7591-0094-2</a></li> <li>Sanford, Robert M. and Thomas W. Neumann, <i>Cultural Resources Archaeology: An Introduction</i>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rowmanlittlefield.com/">Rowman and Littlefield Pub Inc</a>, Desember, 2001, sagteband, 256 bladsye, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0759100950" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-7591-0095-0</a></li> <li>Trigger, Bruce. 1990. "A History of Archaeological Thought". Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0521338182" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-521-33818-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W%C3%AAreldspektrum" title="Wêreldspektrum">Wêreldspektrum</a>, Volume 2, bl.63-64, <a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Boekbronne/0908409419" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0908409419</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Eksterne_skakels">Eksterne skakels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&veaction=edit&section=11" title="Wysig afdeling: Eksterne skakels" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>wysig</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section's source code: Eksterne skakels"><span>wysig bron</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ericdigests.org/2001-1/archaeology.html">Teaching Archaeology. ERIC Digest.</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.african-archaeology.net/">African Archaeology</a> - Afrika Argeologiese gids.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eblaforum.org/library/bcah/">Inleiding tot Bybelse argeologie</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060111134323/http://www.eblaforum.org/library/bcah/">Geargiveer</a> 11 Januarie 2006 op <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Normdata_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hulp:Normdata" title="Hulp:Normdata">Normdata</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="Biblioteca Nacional de España">BNE</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525128">XX525128</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Biblioth%C3%A8que_nationale_de_France" title="Bibliothèque nationale de France">BNF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318444z">cb13318444z</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb13318444z">(data)</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4002827-6">4002827-6</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Historical_Dictionary_of_Switzerland" class="mw-redirect" title="Historical Dictionary of Switzerland">HDS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/008253">008253</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85006507">sh85006507</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_Latvia" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of Latvia">LNB</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000054685&P_CON_LNG=ENG">000054685</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Archives_and_Records_Administration" title="National Archives and Records Administration">NARA</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10639088">10639088</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Diet_Library" class="mw-redirect" title="National Diet Library">NDL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00566298">00566298</a></span></span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/National_Library_of_the_Czech_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="National Library of the Czech Republic">NKC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph118578&CON_LNG=ENG">ph118578</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Ontsluit van "<a dir="ltr" href="https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&oldid=2683711">https://af.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&oldid=2683711</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Spesiaal:Kategorie%C3%AB" title="Spesiaal:Kategorieë">Kategorieë</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Antropologie" title="Kategorie:Antropologie">Antropologie</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Argeologie" title="Kategorie:Argeologie">Argeologie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Versteekte kategorieë: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNE-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNE-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_BNF-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders">Artikels met BNF-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_GND-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met GND-identifiseerders">Artikels met GND-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_HDS-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders">Artikels met HDS-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LCCN-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders">Artikels met LCCN-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_LNB-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders">Artikels met LNB-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NARA-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders">Artikels met NARA-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NDL-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders">Artikels met NDL-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Artikels_met_NKC-identifiseerders" title="Kategorie:Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders">Artikels met NKC-identifiseerders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Normdata_met_9_elemente" title="Kategorie:Normdata met 9 elemente">Normdata met 9 elemente</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorie:Pages_using_ISBN_magic_links" title="Kategorie:Pages using ISBN magic links">Pages using ISBN magic links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Die bladsy is laas op 11 Julie 2024 om 10:08 bygewerk.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Die teks is beskikbaar onder die lisensie <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Erkenning-Insgelyks Deel</a>. Aanvullende voorwaardes kan moontlik ook van toepassing wees. Sien die <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Algemene Voorwaardes</a> vir meer inligting.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privaatheidsbeleid</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oor">Inligting oor Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Voorwaardes">Vrywaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Gedragskode</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Ontwikkelaars</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/af.wikipedia.org">Statistieke</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Koekieverklaring</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//af.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Argeologie&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Selfoonweergawe</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.canary-67c44fb794-znwtw","wgBackendResponseTime":154,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.092","walltime":"0.142","ppvisitednodes":{"value":281,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":9267,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":414,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":11,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":10,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":0,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 104.089 1 -total"," 48.97% 50.971 1 Sjabloon:Commonskat"," 46.17% 48.059 1 Sjabloon:Normdata"," 21.68% 22.568 1 Sjabloon:Commons"," 19.25% 20.037 1 Sjabloon:Susterprojek"," 16.62% 17.302 1 Sjabloon:Sykas"," 4.70% 4.896 1 Sjabloon:Webarchive"," 2.73% 2.842 1 Sjabloon:Date"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.029","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1843778,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.canary-5d5b589dc7-vp2nk","timestamp":"20241105113336","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Argeologie","url":"https:\/\/af.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Argeologie","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23498","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q23498","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-12-10T09:26:34Z","dateModified":"2024-07-11T10:08:55Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/9\/9e\/GD-EG-Alex-Th%C3%A9atre031.JPG"}</script> </body> </html>