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data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="dark" data-module-background="deep-blue" data-module-category="AnchoredHero" class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__SfYQE"><style></style><div data-component="mdc-c-background-image" class="mdc-c-bg-image___GJdv1_2734c4f background-image-article-default ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__parallax-container__fZ7Iq"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__gradient__Uu21n"></div><div class="ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__wrapper-content__XOe9C"><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-lg-12"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-1 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-span-10"><div><h1 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-2 mck-u-animation-slide-down ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__heading__bv6rL"><div>Addressing the unprecedented behavioral-health challenges facing Generation Z</div></h1></div><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-10 mck-u-animation-blur-in-800 ArticleDefault_mck-c-article-default__description__sjoe9"><div><time datetime="2022-01-14T00:00:00Z">January 14, 2022</time> | Article</div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="mck-o-container"><div class="mck-o-container--wrapped mck-o-container--mobile-spacing mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><section data-layer-region="article-body-header" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400 byline-share-container"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-7 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-8 mdc-u-ts-10"></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-animation-blur-in-400"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-5"><div class="mck-u-links-inline">A series of consumer surveys and interviews conducted by McKinsey finds Gen Zers reporting the least positive life outlook, including lower levels of emotional and social well-being than older generations.</div></div></div></section><main data-layer-region="article-body" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xxl"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-1 mdc-u-grid-col-md-12"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><div class="mdc-o-content-body mck-u-dropcap"> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__iFmyt mck-o-xs-right-span"><div data-layer-region="downloads-right-rail"><h3 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f"></h3><div><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="#/download/%2F~%2Fmedia%2Fmckinsey%2Findustries%2Fhealthcare%20systems%20and%20services%2Four%20insights%2Faddressing%20the%20unprecedented%20behavioral%20health%20challenges%20facing%20generation%20z%2Faddressing-the-unprecedented-behavioral-health-challenges-facing-generation-z-final.pdf%3FshouldIndex%3Dfalse" class="DownloadsSidebar_mck-c-downloads-sidebar__download-link__fPqFQ mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f" target="_self" data-layer-event-prefix="Download Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-report-type="" data-layer-file-name="addressing-the-unprecedented-behavioral-health-challenges-facing-generation-z-final" data-layer-report-name="addressing-the-unprecedented-behavioral-health-challenges-facing-generation-z-final>"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-download-icon"></span><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f"> (7 pages)</span></a></div></div></div></div> <p><strong>Nearly two years after</strong> the COVID-19 pandemic began in the United States, Gen Zers, ranging from middle school students to early professionals, are reporting higher rates of anxiety, depression, and distress than any other age group.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="638f9438-e9f5-40b3-a6fe-45e70522fd7f"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="638f9438-e9f5-40b3-a6fe-45e70522fd7f" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Ages for Generation Z can vary, with some analysis including ages as young as nine. In this article, we focus on those between the ages of 16 and 24, and define millennials as 25 to 40; Ramin Mojtabai and Mark Olfson, “National trends in mental health care for US adolescents,” <em>JAMA Psychiatry</em>, March 25, 2020, Volume 77, Number 7; Martin Seligman, <em>The Optimistic Child: A Revolutionary Approach to Raising Resilient Children</em>, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, 2007; Gen Z respondents are 1.5 times as likely to report having felt anxious or depressed, compared with the average respondent, according to the McKinsey Consumer Health Insights Survey, conducted in June 2021—a nationally representative survey of 2,906 responses, including 316 Gen Z responses.</span></span></span></a></span> The mental-health challenges among this generation are so concerning that US surgeon general Vivek Murthy issued a public health advisory on December 7, 2021, to address the “youth mental health crisis” exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="c27708f5-4d93-4a53-b7b2-1e88e3d0d52f"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">2</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="c27708f5-4d93-4a53-b7b2-1e88e3d0d52f" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Protecting youth mental health: US surgeon general’s advisory</em>, Office of the Surgeon General, December 7, 2021. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="" data-module-gradient-position="bottom-right" class="mck-c-inline-module-container SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__bgimg-wrapper__Qj4Dt mck-o-sm-left-span SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper__Dpjw2 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper--istablet__IQ6ii mck-u-screen-only mck-c-module-wrapper" data-layer-region="sidebar"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__epoAm mck-o-md-center"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons-wrapper__9gB_c"><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons___eQy6"><div data-component="mdc-c-dropdown-menu" class="mdc-c-drop-down"><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium mdc-c-drop-down__rootmenu___yJzvz_2734c4f" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--default___f-hQM_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-share2-icon"></span></button><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="white" data-module-category="" class=""></div></div><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="Expandable Sidebar" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__toggle-btn__EL8iE" aria-expanded="false" data-layer-event-prefix="UI Item" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="sidebar" data-layer-subcategory="open" data-layer-text="open sidebar"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--radial___y3csX_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-xxl___cL3ZT_2734c4f mck-plus-no-circle-icon"></span></button></div></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-outer__UdWCq"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__eyebrow__5GSEq"></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content__raEwe"><h2 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-3 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-heading__NJekY"><div>About the authors</div></h2><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-description__4p9iI mdc-u-ts-7"><div class="mdc-o-content-body"><p>The article is a collaborative effort by <a href="/our-people/erica-coe">Erica Coe</a>, <a href="/our-people/jenny-cordina">Jenny Cordina</a>, <a href="/our-people/kana-enomoto">Kana Enomoto</a>, <a href="/our-people/raelyn-jacobson">Raelyn Jacobson</a>, Sharon Mei, and Nikhil Seshan, representing views of the McKinsey’s Healthcare Systems & Services and Public & Social Sector Practices.</p></div></div></div></div></div></div> <p>A series of consumer surveys and interviews conducted by McKinsey indicate stark differences among generations, with <a href="/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-gen-z">Gen Z</a> reporting the least positive life outlook, including lower levels of emotional and social well-being than older generations. One in four Gen Z respondents reported feeling more emotionally distressed (25 percent), almost double the levels reported by millennial and Gen X respondents (13 percent each), and more than triple the levels reported by baby boomer respondents (8 percent).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="d7c1f5b5-d6e1-437c-9619-9eba69ced7d1"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">3</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="d7c1f5b5-d6e1-437c-9619-9eba69ced7d1" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">These research efforts have been focused on Gen Zers between the ages of 16 and 24 when compared with samples of millennials (aged 25 to 40), Gen Xers (aged 41 to 56), and baby boomers (aged 57 to 76).</span></span></span></a></span> And the COVID-19 pandemic has only amplified this challenge (see sidebar, “The disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic”). While consumer surveys are, of course, subjective and Gen Z is not the only generation to experience distress, employers, educators, and public health leaders may want to consider the sentiment of this emerging generation as they plan for the future.</p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="" data-module-gradient-position="bottom-right" class="mck-c-inline-module-container SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__bgimg-wrapper__Qj4Dt mck-o-sm-left-span SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper__Dpjw2 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__sidebar-wrapper--istablet__IQ6ii mck-u-screen-only mck-c-module-wrapper" data-layer-region="sidebar"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__epoAm mck-o-md-center"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons-wrapper__9gB_c"><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--display-column___X0HDD_2734c4f SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__share-icons___eQy6"><div data-component="mdc-c-dropdown-menu" class="mdc-c-drop-down"><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium mdc-c-drop-down__rootmenu___yJzvz_2734c4f" aria-expanded="false" aria-haspopup="menu"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--default___f-hQM_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-md___yi5fA_2734c4f mck-share2-icon"></span></button><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="white" data-module-category="" class=""></div></div><button data-component="mdc-c-button" aria-label="Expandable Sidebar" type="button" id="button_id" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--ghost mdc-c-button--size-medium SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__toggle-btn__EL8iE" aria-expanded="false" data-layer-event-prefix="UI Item" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="sidebar" data-layer-subcategory="open" data-layer-text="open sidebar"><span data-component="mdc-c-icon" class="mdc-c-icon___oi7ef_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--radial___y3csX_2734c4f mdc-c-icon--size-xxl___cL3ZT_2734c4f mck-plus-no-circle-icon"></span></button></div></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-outer__UdWCq"><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__eyebrow__5GSEq"></div><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content__raEwe"><h2 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-3 SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-heading__NJekY"><div>The disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic</div></h2><div class="SideBar_mck-c-sidebar__content-description__4p9iI mdc-u-ts-7"><div class="mdc-o-content-body"><p><strong>While Gen Z</strong> is less vulnerable to the physical impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic, they bear unique burdens due to their life stage, including emotional stress and grief from the pandemic, high rates of job loss and unemployment, and educational challenges from remote or interrupted learning. The effects of the pandemic may be especially felt by recent college graduates, many of whom have encountered difficulties finding jobs, had their previously secured job offers rescinded, or were unable to apply to graduate school due to the timing of the lockdowns in March 2020. In April 2020, workers aged 18 to 24 faced 27 percent unemployment, with 13 percent of this segment ceasing to look for work. While employment has largely recovered, this segment has exited the workforce at <a href="/industries/public-sector/our-insights/achieving-an-inclusive-us-economic-recovery">twice the rate of other age groups</a> since the start of the pandemic. The inequitable impact of the pandemic by race extends to Gen Z employment as well, where Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) workers aged 18 to 24 faced up to 1.8 times the unemployment rates of their White counterparts.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="47f849af-d2d0-4995-9d4b-7e523c7c3853"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">1</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="47f849af-d2d0-4995-9d4b-7e523c7c3853" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">McKinsey analysis of the US Census Bureau Current Population Survey as of November 2020.</span></span></span></a></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div>  <p>In our sample, Gen Z respondents were more likely to report having been diagnosed with a behavioral-health condition (for example, mental or substance use disorder) than either Gen Xers or baby boomers.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="66b340a5-ec32-4236-a9a0-953497778626"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">4</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="66b340a5-ec32-4236-a9a0-953497778626" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Gen Z respondents were 1.4 to 2.3 times more likely to report that they had been diagnosed with a mental-health condition and 1.9 to 4.1 times more likely to be diagnosed with a substance-use disorder than both Gen Xers and baby boomers. Based on the McKinsey Consumer Behavioral Health Survey conducted in November–December 2020—a nationally representative survey of 1,523 responses, including an oversample of Gen Z respondents (aged 16 to 24, n = 874).</span></span></span></a></span> Gen Z respondents were also two to three times more likely than other generations to report thinking about, planning, or attempting suicide in the 12-month period spanning late 2019 to late 2020.</p> <p>Gen Z also reported more unmet social needs than any other generation.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="af0cfa70-1539-4c05-9a7e-fc71c1caaece"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">5</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="af0cfa70-1539-4c05-9a7e-fc71c1caaece" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Also referred to as social determinants of health or social needs, including income, employment, education, food, housing, transportation, social support, and safety. These basic needs, if unmet, can negatively affect health. In addition, factors such as race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, disability, and age can influence health status.</span></span></span></a></span> Fifty-eight percent of Gen Z reported two or more unmet social needs, compared with 16 percent of people from older generations. These perceived unmet social needs, including income, employment, education, food, housing, transportation, social support, and safety, are associated with higher self-reported rates of behavioral-health conditions. As indicated in a recent nationwide survey, people with poor mental health were two times as likely to report an unmet basic need as those with good mental health, and four times as likely to have three or more unmet basic needs.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="eb51426d-72df-4fd0-9b88-472ff991a7b6"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">6</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="eb51426d-72df-4fd0-9b88-472ff991a7b6" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">2019 McKinsey Social Determinants of Health Survey, n = 2,010, where respondents included those with Medicare or Medicaid coverage, individuals with coverage through the individual market who had household incomes below 250 percent of the federal poverty level, and individuals who were uninsured and had household income below 250 percent of the federal poverty level.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <p>As these young adults work to develop their resilience, Gen Zers may seek out the holistic approach to health they have come to expect, which includes physical health, behavioral health, and social needs, as future students, employees, and customers.</p> <h2>Characteristics of Gen Z consumers in the healthcare ecosystem</h2> <p>Gen Z’s specific needs suggest that improving their behavioral healthcare will require stakeholders to increase access and deliver appropriate, timely services.</p> <h4>Gen Z is less likely to seek help</h4> <p>Gen Z respondents were more likely to report having a behavioral-health diagnosis but less likely to report seeking treatment compared with other generations (Exhibit 1). For instance, Gen Z is 1.6 to 1.8 times more likely to report not seeking treatment for a behavioral-health condition than millennials. There are several factors that may account for Gen Z’s lack of seeking help: developmental stage, disengagement from their healthcare, perceived affordability, and stigma associated with mental or substance use disorders within their families and communities.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="e2071d74-df9b-4a4c-9325-cdec83255d4b"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">7</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="e2071d74-df9b-4a4c-9325-cdec83255d4b" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Before age 25, the human brain is not fully developed. Awareness of long-term consequences and the ability to curb impulsive behavior are some of the last functions to mature. Thus, adolescents and young adults, across generations and not just Gen Z, may be less likely to engage in activities such as routine or preventive healthcare. For more, see <em>Investing in the health and well-being of young adults</em>, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, 2015. </span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 1</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/addressing%20the%20unprecedented%20behavioral%20health%20challenges%20facing%20generation%20z/v2-svgz-genzbehavioralhealth-ex1.svg?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Gen Z respondents with a self-reported behavioral-health diagnosis were less likely than those from older generations to report seeking treatment." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/addressing%20the%20unprecedented%20behavioral%20health%20challenges%20facing%20generation%20z/v2-svgz-genzbehavioralhealth-ex1.svg?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Gen Z respondents identified as less engaged in their healthcare than other respondents (Exhibit 2). About two-thirds of Gen Z respondents fell into lower engagement segments of healthcare consumers, compared with one-half of respondents from other generations. Gen Z and other people in these less engaged segments reported that they feel less in control of their health and lifespan, are less health-conscious, and are less proactive about maintaining good health. One-third of Gen Z respondents fell into the least engaged segment, who reported the lowest motivation to improve their health and the least comfort talking about behavioral-health challenges with doctors.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="125000e5-a69f-477b-b66c-0988534d5f85"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">8</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="125000e5-a69f-477b-b66c-0988534d5f85" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Disadvantaged, disconnected users are more resigned to their health and less engaged and active in improving it. They value convenience but are often not engaged digitally.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="default" data-module-background="transparent" data-module-category="" class="mck-c-inline-module-container mck-o-md-center"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg mdc-u-grid-col-sm-1 mdc-u-grid--align-start mdc-u-mb-3 GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__sGwKL"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f mdc-u-grid-gutter-xs GenericItem_mck-c-generic-item__content__gq1m0"><div class="mck-c-eyebrow mdc-u-ts-10"><span> 2</span></div></div></div><div class="mck-u-inline-module-border-top mck-u-inline-module-border-bottom"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Exhibit_mck-c-exhibit__image__pyIDm"><source media="(min-width: 768px)" srcSet="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/addressing%20the%20unprecedented%20behavioral%20health%20challenges%20facing%20generation%20z/svgz-genzbehavioralhealth-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center"/><img alt="Gen Z respondents report falling into less-engaged segments of healthcare consumers, compared with older generations." src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/addressing%20the%20unprecedented%20behavioral%20health%20challenges%20facing%20generation%20z/svgz-genzbehavioralhealth-ex2.svgz?cq=50&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></div><div class="mck-u-sr-only"></div></div> <p>Another driver for Gen Z’s reduced help-seeking may be the perceived affordability of mental-health services. One out of four Gen Z respondents said they could not afford mental-health services, which had the lowest perceived affordability of all services surveyed.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="2a2573e9-a9ba-464c-bb86-e71d9b4a0629"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">9</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="2a2573e9-a9ba-464c-bb86-e71d9b4a0629" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Services surveyed include healthcare, health insurance, internet services, necessary transportation, financial services, housing, and nutritious food.</span></span></span></a></span> Across the board, Americans with mental and substance use disorders bear a disproportionate share of out-of-pocket healthcare costs for a range of reasons, including the fact that many <a href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/how-affordable-is-mental-healthcare-the-long-term-impact-on-financial-health">behavioral-health providers do not accept insurance</a>. “I found the perfect therapist for me but I couldn’t afford her, even with insurance,” said one Gen Z respondent. “The absolute biggest barrier to gaining mental-health treatment has been financial,” added another. </p> <p>In addition, stigma associated with mental and substance use disorders and a lack of family support may be a substantial barrier in seeking mental healthcare. Many Gen Zers rely on parents for transportation or health insurance and may fear interacting with their parents about mental-health topics. This factor is particularly relevant for communities of color, who report perceiving a higher level of stigma associated with behavioral-health conditions.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="df239e45-c08c-4c29-a5cb-7d8fd97c9621"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">10</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="df239e45-c08c-4c29-a5cb-7d8fd97c9621" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Mental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity; A supplement to mental health; A report of the surgeon general</em>, US Department of Health and Human Services, August 2001: A 1998 study cited in the supplement found that only 12 percent of Asians would mention their mental-health problems to a friend or relative (compared with 25 percent of Whites), only 4 percent of Asians would seek help from a psychiatrist or specialist (compared with 26 percent of Whites), and only 3 percent of Asians would seek help from a physician (compared with 13 percent of Whites).</span></span></span></a></span> Children of immigrants also may internalize guilt because of their parents’ sacrifices or may have behavioral-health concerns minimized by their parents, who may state or think their children “have it much easier” than they did growing up.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="0d3bd7c8-9cbc-42a0-ba06-f7adc9ec52e8"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">11</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="0d3bd7c8-9cbc-42a0-ba06-f7adc9ec52e8" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Mental Health America</em>, “To be the child of an immigrant,” blog entry by Kenna Chick, accessed December 1, 2021.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <h4>Gen Z relies on emergency care, social media, and digital tools when they do seek help </h4> <p>When they do seek support for behavioral-health issues, Gen Z may not be turning to regular outpatient mental-health services and instead may rely on emergency care, <a href="/mhi/our-insights/gen-z-mental-health-the-impact-of-tech-and-social-media">social media, and digital tools</a>. </p> <p>Gen Zers rely on acute sites of care more often than older generations, with Gen Z respondents one to four times more likely to report using the ER, and two to three times more likely to report using crisis services or behavioral-health urgent care in the past 12 months. Gen Z also makes up nearly three-quarters of Crisis Text Line’s users.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="ae7db5b7-7560-4e0d-8e63-eda062918566"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">12</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="ae7db5b7-7560-4e0d-8e63-eda062918566" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline"><em>Everybody hurts 2020: What 48 million messages say about the state of mental health in America</em>, Crisis Text Line, February 10, 2020.</span></span></span></a></span> One Gen Z respondent expressed her frustration, saying, “Seems [like the] only option is an emergency room visit, otherwise I have to wait weeks to see a psychiatrist.”</p> <p>Almost one in four Gen Zers also reported that it is “extremely” or “very” challenging to get help during a behavioral-health crisis. This lack of access is concerning for a generation two to three times more likely to report seeking treatment in the past 12 months for suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, than any other generation.</p> <p>Many Gen Zers also indicated their first step in managing behavioral-health challenges was going to TikTok or Reddit for advice from other young people, following therapists on Instagram, or downloading relevant apps. This reliance on social media may be due, in part, to the provider shortages in many parts of the country: 64 percent of counties in the United States have a shortage of mental-health providers. Furthermore, 56 percent of counties in the United States are without a psychiatrist (corresponding to 9 percent of the total population), and 73 percent of counties are without a child and adolescent psychiatrist (corresponding to 19 percent of the total population).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="7d88092d-060f-4aa4-abb3-e5a2ede85637"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">13</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="7d88092d-060f-4aa4-abb3-e5a2ede85637" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Oleg Bestsennyy, Greg Gilbert, Alex Harris, and Jennifer Rost, “<a href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality">Telehealth: A quarter-trillion-dollar post-COVID-19 reality</a>?,” McKinsey, July 9, 2021; Vulnerable Populations dashboard, McKinsey’s Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, accessed December 1, 2021.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <h4>Gen Z is less satisfied with the behavioral-health services they receive</h4> <p>Gen Zers say the behavioral healthcare system overall is not meeting their expectations—Gen Zers who received behavioral healthcare were less likely to report being satisfied with the services they received than other generations. For example, compared with older generations, Gen Z reports lower satisfaction with behavioral-health services received through outpatient counseling/therapy (3.7 out of 5.0 for Gen Z, compared with 4.1 for Gen X) or intensive outpatient (3.1 for Gen Z, compared with 3.8 for older generations).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="6c510bd8-87ea-497d-9720-f15772c7d232"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">14</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="6c510bd8-87ea-497d-9720-f15772c7d232" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Mean differences are significantly different, at a 90 percent confidence level.</span></span></span></a></span> One Gen Z respondent said, “Struggling to find a psychologist whom I was comfortable with and cared enough to remember my name and what we did the week before” was the most significant barrier to care. Another said, “I have trust issues and find it difficult to talk with therapists about my problems. I also had a very bad experience with a therapist, which made this problem worse.”</p> <p>Although we have seen high penetration of telehealth in psychiatry (share of telehealth outpatient and office visits claims were at 50 percent in February 2021),<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="011c1c8f-eb43-4f09-bdc1-20b274828b60"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">15</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="011c1c8f-eb43-4f09-bdc1-20b274828b60" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Vulnerable Populations: Data Over Time Database, McKinsey Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, April 2021.</span></span></span></a></span> Gen Z has the lowest satisfaction with tele-behavioral health (Gen Z rates their satisfaction with telehealth at a 3.8 out of 5.0, compared with older generations, who rate it 4.1) and digital app/tools (3.5 out of 5.0 for Gen Z, compared with 4.0 for older generations).<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="6a9f4ed0-0ec0-4b45-a4eb-0da940594dcb"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">16</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="6a9f4ed0-0ec0-4b45-a4eb-0da940594dcb" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Mean differences are significantly different, at a 90 percent confidence level.</span></span></span></a></span> Around telehealth, Gen Zers cited reasons for dissatisfaction such as telehealth therapy feeling “less official” or “less professional,” as well as more difficult to form a trusting connection with a therapist. For apps, Gen Z respondents noted a lack of personalization, as well as a lack of diversity—both in terms of the racial and ethnic diversity of the stories they presented, and in the problems that the apps offered tools to address. In creating and improving behavioral-health tools, it is crucial to employ a user-centered design approach to develop functionality and experiences that Gen Zers actually want.</p> <div data-module-category="" class="PullQuote_mck-c-pullquote__DbaQ5 mck-o-lg-center"><blockquote data-component="mdc-c-blockquote" class="PullQuote_mck-c-blockquote__6n21p PullQuote_mck-c-blockquote--hide-quotes__CpGpg mdc-c-blockquote mdc-c-blockquote--is-quotes___TozKo_2734c4f"><p>In creating and improving behavioral-health tools, it is crucial to employ a user-centered design approach to develop functionality and experiences that Gen Zers actually want.</p></blockquote></div> <h4>Gen Z cares about diversity when choosing a healthcare provider</h4> <p>Racial and ethnic diversity in the behavioral-health workforce is also important. According to McKinsey’s COVID-19 Consumer Survey, racial and ethnic minority respondents reported valuing racial and ethnic diversity when choosing a physician, citing their physician’s race more frequently than White respondents as a consideration.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="eb583b75-14bb-4beb-bc3b-cffb41e01040"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">17</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="eb583b75-14bb-4beb-bc3b-cffb41e01040" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">Thirteen percent of Black respondents, 9 percent of Asian respondents, and 8 percent of Hispanic/Latino respondents cited their physician’s race when selecting the physicians that they see, compared with 4 percent of Whites.</span></span></span></a></span> Because Gen Z cares deeply about diversity, there are opportunities to integrate care and early intervention by offering a more racially and ethnically diverse behavioral-health workforce and culturally relevant digital tools.<span class="FootNote_footnote-holder__tjRqy"><a aria-label="footnote" href="javascript:void(0);" class="FootNote_footnote-wrapper__AIRwL undefined FootNote_inactive__VZfCp" aria-describedby="c97c02e9-6e06-4a06-8034-08f21eec7055"><sup class="FootNote_footnotesup__e73z_">18</sup><span class="FootNote_notch-wrapper__b_5NS"><span class="FootNote_notch__omKtY"></span></span><span class="FootNote_tooltip__QtrbA mdc-u-mt-2"><span class="FootNote_footnote-content__r2OVl"><span id="c97c02e9-6e06-4a06-8034-08f21eec7055" aria-hidden="true" data-module-theme="light" class="FootNote_footnote-text__VjKgO mck-u-links-inline">According to surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center, most Gen Zers see the country’s growing racial and ethnic diversity as a good thing: Ruth Igielnik and Kim Parker, “On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about Gen Z so far,” Pew Research Center, May 14, 2020.</span></span></span></a></span></p> <h2>Potential stakeholder actions to address the needs of Generation Z</h2> <p>In our article “<a href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/unlocking-whole-person-care-through-behavioral-health">Unlocking whole person care through behavioral health</a>,” we outline six potential actions integral to improving the quality of care and experience for millions with behavioral-health conditions. Many of those levers apply to Gen Z, but further tailoring is needed to best meet the needs of this emerging generation. Promising areas to explore could include the emerging role of digital and telehealth; the need for stronger community-based response to behavioral-health crises; better meeting the needs of Gen Z where they live, work, and go to school; promoting mental-health literacy; investing in behavioral health at parity with physical health; and supporting a holistic approach that embraces behavioral, physical, and social aspects of health.</p> <h4>Need for action now</h4> <p>Gen Z is our next generation of leaders, activists, and politicians; many of them have already taken on adult responsibilities as they start climate movements, lead social justice marches, and drive companies to align more closely with their values. Healthcare leaders, educators, and employers all have a role to play in supporting the behavioral health of Gen Z. By taking a tailored, generational approach to designing messages, products, and services, stakeholders can meaningfully improve the behavioral health of Gen Z and help them achieve their full potential. This investment could be viewed as a down payment on our future that will bear social and economic returns for years to come.</p></div><div class="container-placeholder"></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-xl"><section role="contentinfo" data-layer-region="article-about-authors" class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 AboutAuthor_mck-c-about-author__nRJzu"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-3 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-11"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center"></h5><div data-component="mdc-c-description" class="mdc-c-description___SrnQP_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-8 mck-u-links-inline mck-u-links-inline--secondary mdc-u-mt-5"><div><p><strong><a href="/our-people/erica-coe">Erica Coe</a></strong> is a partner in McKinsey’s Atlanta office and coleads the Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, <strong><a href="/our-people/jenny-cordina">Jenny Cordina</a></strong> is a partner in the Detroit office and leads McKinsey’s Consumer Health Insights research, <strong><a href="/our-people/kana-enomoto">Kana Enomoto</a></strong> is a senior expert in the Washington, DC, office and coleads the Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, <strong><a href="/our-people/raelyn-jacobson">Raelyn Jacobson</a></strong> is an associate partner in the Seattle office, <strong>Sharon Mei</strong> is an expert in the New York office, and <strong>Nikhil Seshan</strong> is a consultant in the Philadelphia office.</p> <p>The authors wish to thank Tamara Baer, Eric Bochtler, Emma Dorn, Erin Harding, Brad Herbig, Jimmy Sarakatsannis, and Boya Wang for their contributions to this paper.</p></div></div></div></section><section class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-12 mck-u-screen-only"><div class="mdc-u-grid-col-md-start-2 mdc-u-grid-col-md-end-12 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-start-5 mdc-u-grid-col-lg-end-9"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--border___K8dj3_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Explore a career with us</h5><div data-component="mdc-c-link-container" class="mdc-c-link-container___xefGu_2734c4f mdc-c-link-container--align-center___ar3mu_2734c4f"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/careers/search-jobs" class="mdc-c-button___U4iY2_2734c4f mdc-c-button--secondary___Boipq_2734c4f mdc-c-button--size-large___jwpUy_2734c4f" aria-label="Search Openings" data-layer-event-prefix="CTA Link" data-layer-action="click" data-layer-category="careers" data-layer-subcategory="search" data-layer-text="Search Openings"><span class="mdc-c-link__label___Pfqtd_2734c4f">Search Openings</span></a></div></div></section></div></main></div><div data-component="mdc-c-module-wrapper" data-module-theme="light" data-module-background="lightest-grey" data-module-category="StandalonePromo" class="RelatedArticle_mck-c-article-related__GGA76 mck-u-screen-only" data-layer-region="related-articles"><div class="mdc-o-container__wrapper is-wrapped mdc-u-spaced-mobile"><h5 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-c-heading--title___5qyOB_2734c4f mdc-u-align-center">Related Articles</h5><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-col-md-3 RelatedArticle_items-container__s2uD0"><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/how-affordable-is-mental-healthcare-the-long-term-impact-on-financial-health" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-howa-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="How affordable is mental healthcare? 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The long-term impact on financial health</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/unlocking-whole-person-care-through-behavioral-health" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-unloc-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="Unlocking whole person care through behavioral health" class="picture-uniqueKey-unloc-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/unlocking%20whole%20person%20care%20through%20behavioral%20health/standard-whole-person-care.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Article</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/unlocking-whole-person-care-through-behavioral-health" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Unlocking whole person care through behavioral health</div></a></h6></div></div></div><div class="mdc-u-grid mdc-u-grid-gutter-lg Card_card__diA2r Card_hover-effect__RGb9b"><div class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/childrens-health-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-what-have-we-learned" class="mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><picture data-component="mdc-c-picture" class="Card_wrapper-image__8b4P6"><style>.picture-uniqueKey-child-0 { aspect-ratio: 16/9 }</style><img alt="Kevin Churchwell" class="picture-uniqueKey-child-0" src="/~/media/mckinsey/industries/healthcare%20systems%20and%20services/our%20insights/childrens%20health%20during%20the%20covid%2019%20pandemic%20what%20have%20we%20learned/boston-childrens-kevin-thumb-1536x1536.jpg?cq=50&mw=767&car=16:9&cpy=Center" loading="lazy"/></picture></a></div><div class="Card_wrapper-text__U6Y3k"><div data-component="mdc-c-content-block" class="mdc-c-content-block___7p6Lu_2734c4f Card_content-block__pF6Z1"><span>Interview</span><h6 data-component="mdc-c-heading" class="mdc-c-heading___0fM1W_2734c4f mdc-u-ts-6"><a data-component="mdc-c-link" href="/industries/healthcare/our-insights/childrens-health-during-the-covid-19-pandemic-what-have-we-learned" class="mdc-c-link-heading___Zggl8_2734c4f mdc-c-link___lBbY1_2734c4f"><div>Children’s health during the COVID-19 pandemic: What have we learned?</div></a></h6></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"locale":"en","dictionary":{},"sitecoreContext":{"route":{"name":"Addressing the unprecedented behavioral health challenges facing Generation Z","displayName":"Addressing the unprecedented behavioral health challenges facing Generation Z","fields":null,"databaseName":"web","deviceId":"fe5d7fdf-89c0-4d99-9aa3-b5fbd009c9f3","itemId":"21724931-b707-4604-a445-471fa007bc50","itemLanguage":"en","itemVersion":1,"layoutId":"ae753eb4-a035-40b4-83bf-4b4438df6742","templateId":"683910db-02ba-40ba-92e7-726c880160a9","templateName":"ArticleJSS","placeholders":{"jss-main":[{"uid":"232bb7e9-289f-492d-a916-2b6185e44a84","componentName":"ArticleTemplate","dataSource":"","fields":{"data":{"articleTemplate":{"title":{"jsonValue":{"value":"Addressing the unprecedented behavioral-health challenges facing Generation Z"}},"sEOTitle":{"value":"Addressing Gen Z mental health challenges"},"description":{"jsonValue":{"value":"A series of consumer surveys and interviews conducted by McKinsey finds Gen Zers reporting the least positive life outlook, including lower levels of emotional and social well-being than older generations."}},"sEODescription":{"value":"In this analysis of collected interview and survey data, McKinsey explores the range of issues impacting Gen Z mental health and emotional and social well-being."},"displayDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z"}},"body":{"value":"[[Audio 1]] [[DownloadsSidebar]]\n\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003eNearly two years after\u003c/strong\u003e the COVID-19 pandemic began in the United States, Gen Zers, ranging from middle school students to early professionals, are reporting higher rates of anxiety, depression, and distress than any other age group.[[Footnote 1]] The mental-health challenges among this generation are so concerning that US surgeon general Vivek Murthy issued a public health advisory on December 7, 2021, to address the \u0026ldquo;youth mental health crisis\u0026rdquo; exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic.[[Footnote 2]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Sidebar authors]]\n\u003cp\u003eA series of consumer surveys and interviews conducted by McKinsey indicate stark differences among generations, with \u003ca href=\"/featured-insights/mckinsey-explainers/what-is-gen-z\"\u003eGen Z\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;reporting the least positive life outlook, including lower levels of emotional and social well-being than older generations. One in four Gen Z respondents reported feeling more emotionally distressed (25 percent), almost double the levels reported by millennial and Gen X respondents (13 percent each), and more than triple the levels reported by baby boomer respondents (8 percent).[[Footnote 3]] And the COVID-19 pandemic has only amplified this challenge (see sidebar, \u0026ldquo;The disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic\u0026rdquo;). While consumer surveys are, of course, subjective and Gen Z is not the only generation to experience distress, employers, educators, and public health leaders may want to consider the sentiment of this emerging generation as they plan for the future.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Sidebar 1]]\n[[MostPopularArticles 5]]\n\u003cp\u003eIn our sample, Gen Z respondents were more likely to report having been diagnosed with a behavioral-health condition (for example, mental or substance use disorder) than either Gen Xers or baby boomers.[[Footnote 4]] Gen Z respondents were also two to three times more likely than other generations to report thinking about, planning, or attempting suicide in the 12-month period spanning late 2019 to late 2020.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Z also reported more unmet social needs than any other generation.[[Footnote 5]] Fifty-eight percent of Gen Z reported two or more unmet social needs, compared with 16 percent of people from older generations. These perceived unmet social needs, including income, employment, education, food, housing, transportation, social support, and safety, are associated with higher self-reported rates of behavioral-health conditions. As indicated in a recent nationwide survey, people with poor mental health were two times as likely to report an unmet basic need as those with good mental health, and four times as likely to have three or more unmet basic needs.[[Footnote 6]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAs these young adults work to develop their resilience, Gen Zers may seek out the holistic approach to health they have come to expect, which includes physical health, behavioral health, and social needs, as future students, employees, and customers.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003eCharacteristics of Gen Z consumers in the healthcare ecosystem\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Z\u0026rsquo;s specific needs suggest that improving their behavioral healthcare will require stakeholders to increase access and deliver appropriate, timely services.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGen Z is less likely to seek help\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Z respondents were more likely to report having a behavioral-health diagnosis but less likely to report seeking treatment compared with other generations (Exhibit 1). For instance, Gen Z is 1.6 to 1.8 times more likely to report not seeking treatment for a behavioral-health condition than millennials. There are several factors that may account for Gen Z\u0026rsquo;s lack of seeking help: developmental stage, disengagement from their healthcare, perceived affordability, and stigma associated with mental or substance use disorders within their families and communities.[[Footnote 7]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 1]]\n\u003cp\u003eGen Z respondents identified as less engaged in their healthcare than other respondents (Exhibit\u0026nbsp;2). About two-thirds of Gen Z respondents fell into lower engagement segments of healthcare consumers, compared with one-half of respondents from other generations. Gen Z and other people in these less engaged segments reported that they feel less in control of their health and lifespan, are less health-conscious, and are less proactive about maintaining good health. One-third of Gen Z respondents fell into the least engaged segment, who reported the lowest motivation to improve their health and the least comfort talking about behavioral-health challenges with doctors.[[Footnote 8]]\u003c/p\u003e\n[[Exhibit 2]]\n\u003cp\u003eAnother driver for Gen Z\u0026rsquo;s reduced help-seeking may be the perceived affordability of mental-health services. One out of four Gen Z respondents said they could not afford mental-health services, which had the lowest perceived affordability of all services surveyed.[[Footnote 9]] Across the board, Americans with mental and substance use disorders bear a disproportionate share of out-of-pocket healthcare costs for a range of reasons, including the fact that many \u003ca href=\"/industries/healthcare/our-insights/how-affordable-is-mental-healthcare-the-long-term-impact-on-financial-health\"\u003ebehavioral-health providers do not accept insurance\u003c/a\u003e. \u0026ldquo;I found the perfect therapist for me but I couldn\u0026rsquo;t afford her, even with insurance,\u0026rdquo; said one Gen Z respondent. \u0026ldquo;The absolute biggest barrier to gaining mental-health treatment has been financial,\u0026rdquo; added another. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn addition, stigma associated with mental and substance use disorders and a lack of family support may be a substantial barrier in seeking mental healthcare. Many Gen Zers rely on parents for transportation or health insurance and may fear interacting with their parents about mental-health topics. This factor is particularly relevant for communities of color, who report perceiving a higher level of stigma associated with behavioral-health conditions.[[Footnote 10]] Children of immigrants also may internalize guilt because of their parents\u0026rsquo; sacrifices or may have behavioral-health concerns minimized by their parents, who may state or think their children \u0026ldquo;have it much easier\u0026rdquo; than they did growing up.[[Footnote 11]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGen Z relies on emergency care, social media, and digital tools when they do seek help \u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eWhen they do seek support for behavioral-health issues, Gen Z may not be turning to regular outpatient mental-health services and instead may rely on emergency care, \u003ca href=\"/mhi/our-insights/gen-z-mental-health-the-impact-of-tech-and-social-media\"\u003esocial media, and digital tools\u003c/a\u003e. \u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Zers rely on acute sites of care more often than older generations, with Gen Z respondents one to four times more likely to report using the ER, and two to three times more likely to report using crisis services or behavioral-health urgent care in the past 12 months. Gen Z also makes up nearly three-quarters of Crisis Text Line\u0026rsquo;s users.[[Footnote 12]] One Gen Z respondent expressed her frustration, saying, \u0026ldquo;Seems [like the] only option is an emergency room visit, otherwise I have to wait weeks to see a psychiatrist.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlmost one in four Gen Zers also reported that it is \u0026ldquo;extremely\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;very\u0026rdquo; challenging to get help during a behavioral-health crisis. This lack of access is concerning for a generation two to three times more likely to report seeking treatment in the past 12\u0026nbsp;months for suicidal ideation or attempted suicide, than any other generation.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eMany Gen Zers also indicated their first step in managing behavioral-health challenges was going to TikTok or Reddit for advice from other young people, following therapists on Instagram, or downloading relevant apps. This reliance on social media may be due, in part, to the provider shortages in many parts of the country: 64 percent of counties in the United States have a shortage of mental-health providers. Furthermore, 56 percent of counties in the United States are without a psychiatrist (corresponding to 9 percent of the total population), and 73 percent of counties are without a child and adolescent psychiatrist (corresponding to 19 percent of the total population).[[Footnote 13]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eGen Z is less satisfied with the behavioral-health services they receive\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Zers say the behavioral healthcare system overall is not meeting their expectations\u0026mdash;Gen Zers who received behavioral healthcare were less likely to report being satisfied with the services they received than other generations. For example, compared with older generations, Gen Z reports lower satisfaction with behavioral-health services received through outpatient counseling/therapy (3.7 out of 5.0 for Gen Z, compared with 4.1 for Gen\u0026nbsp;X) or intensive outpatient (3.1 for Gen Z, compared with 3.8 for older generations).[[Footnote 14]] One Gen Z respondent said, \u0026ldquo;Struggling to find a psychologist whom I was comfortable with and cared enough to remember my name and what we did the week before\u0026rdquo; was the most significant barrier to care. Another said, \u0026ldquo;I have trust issues and find it difficult to talk with therapists about my problems. I also had a very bad experience with a therapist, which made this problem worse.\u0026rdquo;\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eAlthough we have seen high penetration of telehealth in psychiatry (share of telehealth outpatient and office visits claims were at 50\u0026nbsp;percent in February 2021),[[Footnote 15]] Gen Z has the lowest satisfaction with tele-behavioral health (Gen Z rates their satisfaction with telehealth at a 3.8 out of 5.0, compared with older generations, who rate it 4.1) and digital app/tools (3.5 out of 5.0 for Gen Z, compared with 4.0 for older generations).[[Footnote 16]] Around telehealth, Gen Zers cited reasons for dissatisfaction such as telehealth therapy feeling \u0026ldquo;less official\u0026rdquo; or \u0026ldquo;less professional,\u0026rdquo; as well as more difficult to form a trusting connection with a therapist. For apps, Gen Z respondents noted a lack of personalization, as well as a lack of diversity\u0026mdash;both in terms of the racial and ethnic diversity of the stories they presented, and in the problems that the apps offered tools to address. In creating and improving behavioral-health tools, it is crucial to employ a user-centered design approach to develop functionality and experiences that Gen\u0026nbsp;Zers actually want.\u003c/p\u003e\n[[PullQuote 1]]\n\u003ch4\u003eGen Z cares about diversity when choosing a healthcare provider\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eRacial and ethnic diversity in the behavioral-health workforce is also important. According to McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s COVID-19 Consumer Survey, racial and ethnic minority respondents reported valuing racial and ethnic diversity when choosing a physician, citing their physician\u0026rsquo;s race more frequently than White respondents as a consideration.[[Footnote 17]] Because Gen Z cares deeply about diversity, there are opportunities to integrate care and early intervention by offering a more racially and ethnically diverse behavioral-health workforce and culturally relevant digital tools.[[Footnote 18]]\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch2\u003ePotential stakeholder actions to address the needs of Generation Z\u003c/h2\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eIn our article \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/industries/healthcare/our-insights/unlocking-whole-person-care-through-behavioral-health\"\u003eUnlocking whole person care through behavioral health\u003c/a\u003e,\u0026rdquo; we outline six potential actions integral to improving the quality of care and experience for millions with behavioral-health conditions. Many of those levers apply to Gen Z, but further tailoring is needed to best meet the needs of this emerging generation. Promising areas to explore could include the emerging role of digital and telehealth; the need for stronger community-based response to behavioral-health crises; better meeting the needs of Gen Z where they live, work, and go to school; promoting mental-health literacy; investing in behavioral health at parity with physical health; and supporting a holistic approach that embraces behavioral, physical, and social aspects of health.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003ch4\u003eNeed for action now\u003c/h4\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eGen Z is our next generation of leaders, activists, and politicians; many of them have already taken on adult responsibilities as they start climate movements, lead social justice marches, and drive companies to align more closely with their values. Healthcare leaders, educators, and employers all have a role to play in supporting the behavioral health of Gen Z. By taking a tailored, generational approach to designing messages, products, and services, stakeholders can meaningfully improve the behavioral health of Gen Z and help them achieve their full potential. This investment could be viewed as a down payment on our future that will bear social and economic returns for years to come.\u003c/p\u003e"},"isFullScreenInteractive":{"boolValue":false},"hideStickySocialShareBar":{"boolValue":false},"desktopID":{"value":""},"mobileID":{"value":""},"desktopURL":{"value":""},"mobileURL":{"value":""},"desktopPaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"mobilePaddingPercentage":{"value":""},"desktopOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"mobileOverrideHeight":{"value":""},"cerosOembedURL":{"value":""},"cerosRenderMode":{"targetItem":null},"cerosBackgroundColor":{"targetItem":null},"hideByLine":{"boolValue":false},"tableOfContentsTitle":{"value":"TABLE OF CONTENTS"},"accessStatus":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"RegisteredUsers"},"value":{"value":"Registered Users"}}},"articleType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"hasSpecialReport":{"boolValue":false},"contentType":{"targetItem":{"displayName":"Article"}},"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"externalPublication":{"value":""},"mobileReady":{"boolValue":true},"forClientsOnly":{"boolValue":false},"excludeFromClientLink":{"boolValue":false},"originalPublishDate":{"jsonValue":{"value":"2022-01-14T00:00:00Z"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAges for Generation Z can vary, with some analysis including ages as young as nine. In this article, we focus on those between the ages of 16 and 24, and define millennials as 25 to 40; Ramin Mojtabai and Mark Olfson, \u0026ldquo;National trends in mental health care for US adolescents,\u0026rdquo; \u003cem\u003eJAMA Psychiatry\u003c/em\u003e, March 25, 2020, Volume 77, Number 7; Martin Seligman, \u003cem\u003eThe Optimistic Child: A Revolutionary Approach to Raising Resilient Children\u003c/em\u003e, Boston, MA: Mariner Books, 2007; Gen Z respondents are 1.5 times as likely to report having felt anxious or depressed, compared with the average respondent, according to the McKinsey Consumer Health Insights Survey, conducted in June 2021\u0026mdash;a nationally representative survey of 2,906 responses, including 316 Gen Z responses.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eProtecting youth mental health: US surgeon general\u0026rsquo;s advisory\u003c/em\u003e, Office of the Surgeon General, December 7, 2021. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThese research efforts have been focused on Gen Zers between the ages of 16 and 24 when compared with samples of millennials (aged 25 to 40), Gen Xers (aged 41 to 56), and baby boomers (aged 57 to 76).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eGen Z respondents were 1.4 to 2.3 times more likely to report that they had been diagnosed with a mental-health condition and 1.9 to 4.1\u0026nbsp;times more likely to be diagnosed with a substance-use disorder than both Gen Xers and baby boomers. Based on the McKinsey Consumer Behavioral Health Survey conducted in November\u0026ndash;December 2020\u0026mdash;a nationally representative survey of 1,523 responses, including an oversample of Gen Z respondents (aged 16 to 24, n = 874).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAlso referred to as social determinants of health or social needs, including income, employment, education, food, housing, transportation, social support, and safety. These basic needs, if unmet, can negatively affect health. In addition, factors such as race, ethnicity, gender and sexual orientation, disability, and age can influence health status.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e2019 McKinsey Social Determinants of Health Survey, n = 2,010, where respondents included those with Medicare or Medicaid coverage, individuals with coverage through the individual market who had household incomes below 250 percent of the federal poverty level, and individuals who were uninsured and had household income below 250 percent of the federal poverty level.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eBefore age 25, the human brain is not fully developed. Awareness of long-term consequences and the ability to curb impulsive behavior are some of the last functions to mature. Thus, adolescents and young adults, across generations and not just Gen Z, may be less likely to engage in activities such as routine or preventive healthcare. For more, see \u003cem\u003eInvesting in the health and well-being of young adults\u003c/em\u003e, Institute of Medicine and National Research Council, 2015. \u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eDisadvantaged, disconnected users are more resigned to their health and less engaged and active in improving it. They value convenience but are often not engaged digitally.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eServices surveyed include healthcare, health insurance, internet services, necessary transportation, financial services, housing, and nutritious food.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eMental health: Culture, race, and ethnicity; A supplement to mental health; A report of the surgeon general\u003c/em\u003e, US Department of Health and Human Services, August 2001: A 1998 study cited in the supplement found that only 12 percent of Asians would mention their mental-health problems to a friend or relative (compared with 25 percent of Whites), only 4 percent of Asians would seek help from a psychiatrist or specialist (compared with 26 percent of Whites), and only 3 percent of Asians would seek help from a physician (compared with 13 percent of Whites).\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eMental Health America\u003c/em\u003e, \u0026ldquo;To be the child of an immigrant,\u0026rdquo; blog entry by Kenna Chick, accessed December 1, 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003e\u003cem\u003eEverybody hurts 2020: What 48 million messages say about the state of mental health in America\u003c/em\u003e, Crisis Text Line, February 10, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eOleg Bestsennyy, Greg Gilbert, Alex Harris, and Jennifer Rost, \u0026ldquo;\u003ca href=\"/industries/healthcare/our-insights/telehealth-a-quarter-trillion-dollar-post-covid-19-reality\"\u003eTelehealth: A quarter-trillion-dollar post-COVID-19 reality\u003c/a\u003e?,\u0026rdquo; McKinsey, July 9, 2021; Vulnerable Populations dashboard, McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, accessed December 1, 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMean differences are significantly different, at a 90 percent confidence level.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eVulnerable Populations: Data Over Time Database, McKinsey Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, April 2021.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMean differences are significantly different, at a 90 percent confidence level.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eThirteen percent of Black respondents, 9 percent of Asian respondents, and 8 percent of Hispanic/Latino respondents cited their physician\u0026rsquo;s race when selecting the physicians that they see, compared with 4 percent of Whites.\u003c/li\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eAccording to surveys conducted by the Pew Research Center, most Gen Zers see the country\u0026rsquo;s growing racial and ethnic diversity as a good thing: Ruth Igielnik and Kim Parker, \u0026ldquo;On the cusp of adulthood and facing an uncertain future: What we know about Gen Z so far,\u0026rdquo; Pew Research Center, May 14, 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"contributoryPractice":{"targetItems":[{"displayName":"Healthcare"},{"displayName":"SHaPE"}]},"aboutTheAuthors":{"value":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/erica-coe\"\u003eErica Coe\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Atlanta office and coleads the Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/jenny-cordina\"\u003eJenny Cordina\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a partner in the Detroit office and leads McKinsey\u0026rsquo;s Consumer Health Insights research, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/kana-enomoto\"\u003eKana Enomoto\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is a senior expert in the Washington, DC, office and coleads the Center for Societal Benefit through Healthcare, \u003cstrong\u003e\u003ca href=\"/our-people/raelyn-jacobson\"\u003eRaelyn Jacobson\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/strong\u003e is an associate partner in the Seattle office, \u003cstrong\u003eSharon Mei\u003c/strong\u003e is an expert in the New York office, and \u003cstrong\u003eNikhil Seshan\u003c/strong\u003e is a consultant in the Philadelphia office.\u003c/p\u003e\n\u003cp\u003eThe authors wish to thank Tamara Baer, Eric Bochtler, Emma Dorn, Erin Harding, Brad Herbig, Jimmy Sarakatsannis, and Boya Wang for their contributions to this paper.\u003c/p\u003e"},"authors":{"targetItems":[]},"nonPartnerAuthors":{"targetItems":[]},"interactiveToUse":{"targetItem":null},"enableArticleComponents":{"boolValue":false},"relatedArticles":{"targetItems":[{"sourcePublication":{"targetItem":null},"publicationSource":null,"externalPublication":{"value":""},"title":{"value":"How affordable is mental healthcare? 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The effects of the pandemic may be especially felt by recent college graduates, many of whom have encountered difficulties finding jobs, had their previously secured job offers rescinded, or were unable to apply to graduate school due to the timing of the lockdowns in March 2020. In April 2020, workers aged 18 to 24 faced 27\u0026nbsp;percent unemployment, with 13 percent of this segment ceasing to look for work. While employment has largely recovered, this segment has exited the workforce at \u003ca href=\"/industries/public-sector/our-insights/achieving-an-inclusive-us-economic-recovery\"\u003etwice the rate of other age groups\u003c/a\u003e\u0026nbsp;since the start of the pandemic. The inequitable impact of the pandemic by race extends to Gen Z employment as well, where Black, Hispanic/Latino, and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) workers aged 18 to 24 faced up to 1.8 times the unemployment rates of their White counterparts.[[Footnote 1]]\u003c/p\u003e"}},"aboutTheAuthors":{"jsonValue":{"value":""}},"headline":{"jsonValue":{"value":"The disproportionate impact of the COVID-19 pandemic"}},"footnotes":{"value":"\u003col\u003e\n \u003cli\u003eMcKinsey analysis of the US Census Bureau Current Population Survey as of November 2020.\u003c/li\u003e\n\u003c/ol\u003e"},"showShareTools":{"boolValue":true},"backgroundColor":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Lightest Grey"},"value":{"value":"lightest-grey"}}},"gradientDirection":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Bottom Right"},"value":{"value":"bottom-right"}}},"renderMode":{"targetItem":{"key":{"value":"Collapsible"},"value":{"value":"default"}}},"isAboutAuthor":{"boolValue":false},"background":{"targetItem":null},"image":{"src":null,"alt":""}}]},"boxout":{"results":[]},"globalsidebar":{"results":[]},"video":{"results":[]},"scrollycontainer":{"results":[]},"bespokeinteractive":{"results":[]},"storycontainer":{"results":[]},"interactive":{"results":[]},"sectionheader":{"results":[]},"statementdisruptor":{"results":[]},"fullbleedphoto":{"results":[]},"tocitem":{"results":[]},"quizcontainer":{"results":[]},"generalup":{"results":[]},"twoupmedium":{"results":[]},"accordion":{"results":[]},"factoid":{"results":[]},"promobarwithquote":{"results":[]},"oneupmedium":{"results":[]},"oneupmediumquote":{"results":[]},"gridwall":{"results":[]},"twoupsmall":{"results":[]},"oneclicksubscribe":{"results":[]},"promobar":{"results":[]},"promobanner":{"results":[]},"sectionhero":{"results":[]},"threeuplinklist":{"results":[]},"table":{"results":[]},"explainertooltip":{"results":[]},"isFiveFiftyHorizontalArticle":{"boolValue":false},"fiveFifty":{"results":[]}},"contextItem":{"ancestors":[{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries/healthcare/our-insights"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":"Our Insights"},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Insights on Healthcare Systems \u0026 Services","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries/healthcare/how-we-help-clients"},"breadCrumbTitle":null,"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":true},"displayName":"Healthcare","template":{"id":"414C6C64AD35440E9668CF39D8A18CCF"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/industries"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":"Industries"},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Industries","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}},{"breadCrumbUrl":{"path":"/"},"breadCrumbTitle":{"value":""},"isMiniSite":{"boolValue":false},"displayName":"Home","template":{"id":"85FF05307883480F9A4C82123F72FFD8"}}]}}},"placeholders":{"main-area":[],"sidebar-area":[]}}]}},"itemId":"21724931-b707-4604-a445-471fa007bc50","pageEditing":false,"site":{"name":"website"},"pageState":"normal","language":"en","pageMetaData":{"alternateLanguages":[{"languageCode":"en","displayName":"English","url":"/industries/healthcare/our-insights/addressing-the-unprecedented-behavioral-health-challenges-facing-generation-z"}],"currentLanguage":"en","navigationLink":"industries","activeItemId":"{3A5EE1BB-D67F-492F-B071-5A4C1EA27A2B}","miniSiteId":"{9355FD92-4458-4A6E-931E-5F4B6015ADB1}","officeCode":"","officeDisplayName":"","subscriptionPracticeData":null,"isAlaisedPage":false,"originalHostName":"www.mckinsey.com","updatedDate":"2023-06-19T10:05:32Z","createdDate":"2022-01-11T23:18:02Z","practice":{"isDefaultPractice":false,"name":"Healthcare","code":"N16","stickyTitle":"Sign up for emails on new Healthcare articles","stickySubtitle":"Never miss an insight. 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