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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Contemporary use of the term <i>ganja</i></span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Contemporary_use_of_the_term_ganja-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Contemporary use of the term <i>ganja</i> subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Contemporary_use_of_the_term_ganja-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-English_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#English_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>English use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-English_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_other_languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_other_languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>In other languages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_other_languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header 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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Ganja</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja" title="Ganja – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ganja" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganja_(etimologia)" title="Ganja (etimologia) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ganja (etimologia)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the Hindustani word. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Ganja_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Ganja (disambiguation)">Ganja (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png/220px-Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png/330px-Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png/440px-Graffiti_streetart_rastafari.png 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="1624" /></a><figcaption>The word <i>ganja</i> written in graffiti in <a href="/wiki/Seville" title="Seville">Seville</a>, <a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain">Spain</a></figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1096940132">.mw-parser-output .listen .side-box-text{line-height:1.1em}.mw-parser-output .listen-plain{border:none;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded{width:100%;margin:0;border-width:1px 0 0 0;background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .listen-header{padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen-embedded .listen-header{padding:2px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen-file-header{padding:4px 0}.mw-parser-output .listen .description{padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output .listen .mw-tmh-player{max-width:100%}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .listen{clear:both}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .listen:not(.listen-noimage){width:320px}.mw-parser-output .listen-left{overflow:visible;float:left}.mw-parser-output .listen-center{float:none;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Sw-ke-ganja.flac" title="File:Sw-ke-ganja.flac">Ganja pronunciation (a)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="1" data-mwtitle="Sw-ke-ganja.flac" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Sw-ke-ganja.flac/Sw-ke-ganja.flac.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b8/Sw-ke-ganja.flac/Sw-ke-ganja.flac.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b8/Sw-ke-ganja.flac" type="audio/flac" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sound of the word being spoken in Swahili by a Kenyan.</div></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:De-Ganja.ogg" title="File:De-Ganja.ogg">Ganja pronunciation (b)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_1" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="De-Ganja.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e9/De-Ganja.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e9/De-Ganja.ogg/De-Ganja.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sound of the word being spoken by a German native.</div></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-ganja.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-ganja.wav">Ganja pronunciation (c)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_2" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-ganja.wav" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ganja.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ganja.wav.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/20/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ganja.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ganja.wav.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/2/20/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-ganja.wav" type="audio/wav" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sound of the word being spoken by a French native.</div></div></div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1096940132"><div class="side-box side-box-right listen noprint"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/50px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/75px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg/100px-Gnome-mime-sound-openclipart.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></span><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><div class="haudio"> <div class="listen-file-header"><a href="/wiki/File:Ganja_pt_br.ogg" title="File:Ganja pt br.ogg">Ganja pronunciation (d)</a></div> <div><span typeof="mw:File"><span><audio id="mwe_player_3" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="232" style="width:232px;" data-durationhint="2" data-mwtitle="Ganja_pt_br.ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/84/Ganja_pt_br.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="opus"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Ganja_pt_br.ogg/Ganja_pt_br.ogg.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-transcodekey="ogg" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/84/Ganja_pt_br.ogg/Ganja_pt_br.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /></audio></span></span></div> <div class="description">Sound of the word being spoken by a Brazilian.</div></div></div></div> </div> <p><i><b>Ganja</b></i> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/æ/: 'a' in 'bad'">æ</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="'n' in 'nigh'">n</span><span title="/dʒ/: 'j' in 'jam'">dʒ</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span></span>/</a></span></span>; <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991"><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">Hindi pronunciation:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="hi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ɡaːɲd͡ʒaː]</a></span>) is one of the oldest and most commonly used synonyms for <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" title="Marijuana (word)">marijuana</a>. Its usage in English dates to before 1689.<sup id="cite_ref-MerriamWebster_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MerriamWebster-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ganja</i> is borrowed from <a href="/wiki/Hindi" title="Hindi">Hindi</a> <span title="Hindi-language romanization"><i lang="hi-Latn">gāñjā</i></span> (Hindi: <span lang="hi">गांजा</span>, IPA: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Hindi_and_Urdu" title="Help:IPA/Hindi and Urdu">[ɡaːɲd͡ʒaː]</a>), a name for <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">cannabis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Indo-Aryan_languages" title="Indo-Aryan languages">Indo-Aryan language</a> that descended from an early form of Vedic Sanskrit. The <a href="/wiki/Sanskrit" title="Sanskrit">Sanskrit</a> <span title="Sanskrit-language romanization"><i lang="sa-Latn">gañjā</i></span> refers to a "powerful preparation from <i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">Cannabis sativa</a></i>".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-CRCPress_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CRCPress-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Kranzler_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Kranzler-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Steinmetz_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Steinmetz-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> But the word only refers to a certain product derived from cannabis plants. <i>Gāñjā</i> is the title given to the flowers, whereas “<i>charas</i>” refers to the resin, and “<i>bhang</i>” the seeds and leaves.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word ganja reached the Western world through victims of slavery. Victims of the Atlantic slave trade were brought from Africa to Jamaica in 1513. In 1845, the British Empire started to traffic enslaved Indians to the Caribbean to strengthen the workforce on sugar plantations. They brought with them elements of their culture, including ganja.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One academic source places the date of introduction of ganja in Jamaica at 1845.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The term came with 19th century workers whose descendants are now known as <a href="/wiki/Indo-Jamaicans" title="Indo-Jamaicans">Indo-Jamaicans</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leafly_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leafly-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The word was used in Europe as early as 1856, when the British enacted a tax on the "ganja" trade.<sup id="cite_ref-PittNews_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittNews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1913, Jamaica banned cannabis with the Ganja Law.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Contemporary_use_of_the_term_ganja">Contemporary use of the term <i>ganja</i></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Contemporary use of the term ganja"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="English_use">English use</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: English use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Ganja</i> is the most common term for marijuana in <a href="/wiki/West_Indies" title="West Indies">West Indies</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Leafly_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Leafly-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Courtwright_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Courtwright-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Cultural figureheads such as <a href="/wiki/Bob_Marley" title="Bob Marley">Bob Marley</a> popularized Rastafari and ganja through reggae music. In 1976, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Tosh" title="Peter Tosh">Peter Tosh</a> defended the use of ganja in the song "<a href="/wiki/Legalize_It" title="Legalize It">Legalize It</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-LawAndReligion_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LawAndReligion-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> group <a href="/wiki/Cypress_Hill" title="Cypress Hill">Cypress Hill</a> revived the term in the United States in 2004 in a song titled "Ganja Bus", followed by other artists, including rapper <a href="/wiki/Eminem" title="Eminem">Eminem</a>, in the 2009 song "Must Be the Ganja".<sup id="cite_ref-PittNews_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PittNews-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-RaceInChicanoCulture_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RaceInChicanoCulture-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_other_languages">In other languages</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: In other languages"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Derivatives of the term are used as generic words for marijuana in several languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a>/<a href="/wiki/Malay_language" title="Malay language">Malay</a> (<span title="Malay (macrolanguage)-language text"><i lang="ms">ganja</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Khmer_language" title="Khmer language">Khmer</a> (<span title="Khmer-language text"><span lang="km">កញ្ឆា</span></span>, <span title="Khmer-language romanization"><i lang="km-Latn">kanhchha</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Lao_language" title="Lao language">Lao</a> (<span title="Lao-language text"><span lang="lo">ກັນຊາ</span></span>, <span title="Lao-language romanization"><i lang="lo-Latn">kan sa</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Thai_language" title="Thai language">Thai</a> (<span title="Thai-language text"><span lang="th">กัญชา</span></span>, <span title="Thai-language romanization"><i lang="th-Latn">gancha</i></span>), <a href="/wiki/Tiwi_language" title="Tiwi language">Tiwi</a> (<span title="Tiwi-language text"><i lang="tiw">kanja</i></span>),<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_language" title="Vietnamese language">Vietnamese</a> (<span title="Vietnamese-language text"><i lang="vi">cần sa</i></span>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ganja&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/40px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/60px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg/80px-Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Look up <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ganja" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:ganja">ganja</a></b></i> or <i><b><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:गांजा">गांजा</a></b></i> in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/26px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/39px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/52px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis">Cannabis portal</a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-MerriamWebster-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-MerriamWebster_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/10-english-words-from-hindi-and-urdu/ganja">"10 Words From Hindi & Urdu"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Merriam-Webster" title="Merriam-Webster">Merriam-Webster</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190415002454/https://www.merriam-webster.com/words-at-play/10-english-words-from-hindi-and-urdu/ganja">Archived</a> from the original on 15 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">15 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Merriam-Webster&rft.atitle=10+Words+From+Hindi+%26+Urdu&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.merriam-webster.com%2Fwords-at-play%2F10-english-words-from-hindi-and-urdu%2Fganja&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchwartz2008" class="citation journal cs1">Schwartz, Martin (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597374">"Iranian L, and Some Persian and Zaza Etymologies"</a>. <i>Iran & the Caucasus</i>. <b>12</b> (2): 281–287. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F157338408X406056">10.1163/157338408X406056</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25597374">25597374</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Iran+%26+the+Caucasus&rft.atitle=Iranian+L%2C+and+Some+Persian+and+Zaza+Etymologies&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=281-287&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F157338408X406056&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25597374%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Schwartz&rft.aufirst=Martin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25597374&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGregor1993" class="citation web cs1">McGregor, R. S. (Ronald Stuart) (29 November 1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dsal.uchicago.edu/cgi-bin/app/mcgregor_query.py?qs=%E0%A4%97%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%81%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BE&searchhws=yes">"The Oxford Hindi-English dictionary"</a>. <i>dsal.uchicago.edu</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=dsal.uchicago.edu&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+Hindi-English+dictionary&rft.date=1993-11-29&rft.aulast=McGregor&rft.aufirst=R.+S.+%28Ronald+Stuart%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdsal.uchicago.edu%2Fcgi-bin%2Fapp%2Fmcgregor_query.py%3Fqs%3D%25E0%25A4%2597%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2581%25E0%25A4%259C%25E0%25A4%25BE%26searchhws%3Dyes&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CRCPress-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CRCPress_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTorkelson,_Anthony_R.1996" class="citation book cs1">Torkelson, Anthony R. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=trUgpMbT5gcC&pg=PA1674"><i>The Cross Name Index to Medicinal Plants, Vol. IV: Plants in Indian medicine, p. 1674, ISBN 9780849326356, OCLC 34038712</i></a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=420+Day%3A+Why+There+Are+So+Many+Different+Names+for+Weed&rft.date=2017-04-20&rft.aulast=Steinmetz&rft.aufirst=Katy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F4747501%2F420-day-weed-marijuana-pot-slang%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.royalqueenseeds.com/blog-origins-and-modern-use-of-ganja-n1369">"Origins and Modern Use of Ganja - RQS Blog"</a>. <i>Royal Queen Seeds</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 April</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Queen+Seeds&rft.atitle=Origins+and+Modern+Use+of+Ganja+-+RQS+Blog&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.royalqueenseeds.com%2Fblog-origins-and-modern-use-of-ganja-n1369&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenZhangLiRidout2021" class="citation journal cs1">Ren, Guangpeng; Zhang, Xu; Li, Ying; Ridout, Kate; Serrano-Serrano, Martha L.; Yang, Yongzhi; Liu, Ai; Ravikanth, Gudasalamani; Nawaz, Muhammad Ali; Mumtaz, Abdul Samad; Salamin, Nicolas; Fumagalli, Luca (16 July 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8284894">"Large-scale whole-genome resequencing unravels the domestication history of Cannabis sativa"</a>. <i>Science Advances</i>. <b>7</b> (29). <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2021SciA....7.2286R">2021SciA....7.2286R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fsciadv.abg2286">10.1126/sciadv.abg2286</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2375-2548">2375-2548</a>. <a href="/wiki/PMC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMC (identifier)">PMC</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8284894">8284894</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34272249">34272249</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science+Advances&rft.atitle=Large-scale+whole-genome+resequencing+unravels+the+domestication+history+of+Cannabis+sativa&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=29&rft.date=2021-07-16&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8284894%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2021SciA....7.2286R&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F34272249&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fsciadv.abg2286&rft.issn=2375-2548&rft.aulast=Ren&rft.aufirst=Guangpeng&rft.au=Zhang%2C+Xu&rft.au=Li%2C+Ying&rft.au=Ridout%2C+Kate&rft.au=Serrano-Serrano%2C+Martha+L.&rft.au=Yang%2C+Yongzhi&rft.au=Liu%2C+Ai&rft.au=Ravikanth%2C+Gudasalamani&rft.au=Nawaz%2C+Muhammad+Ali&rft.au=Mumtaz%2C+Abdul+Samad&rft.au=Salamin%2C+Nicolas&rft.au=Fumagalli%2C+Luca&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC8284894&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMansinghMansingh1999" class="citation book cs1">Mansingh, Laxmi; Mansingh, Ajai (1999). <span class="id-lock-limited" title="Free access subject to limited trial, subscription normally required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeawayfromhome00mans"><i>Home Away from Home: 150 Years of Indian Presence in Jamaica, 1845-1995</i></a></span>. I. Randle Publishers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/homeawayfromhome00mans/page/127">127</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9768123397" title="Special:BookSources/9768123397"><bdi>9768123397</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Home+Away+from+Home%3A+150+Years+of+Indian+Presence+in+Jamaica%2C+1845-1995&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=I.+Randle+Publishers&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9768123397&rft.aulast=Mansingh&rft.aufirst=Laxmi&rft.au=Mansingh%2C+Ajai&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhomeawayfromhome00mans&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Leafly-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Leafly_10-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Leafly_10-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLisa_Rough2015" class="citation web cs1">Lisa Rough (14 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island">"Jamaica's Cannabis Roots: The History of Ganja on the Island"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Leafly" title="Leafly">Leafly</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190411020545/https://www.leafly.com/news/lifestyle/jamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island">Archived</a> from the original on 11 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jamaica%27s+Cannabis+Roots%3A+The+History+of+Ganja+on+the+Island&rft.pub=Leafly&rft.date=2015-05-14&rft.au=Lisa+Rough&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.leafly.com%2Fnews%2Flifestyle%2Fjamaicas-roots-the-history-of-ganja-on-the-island&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-PittNews-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PittNews_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-PittNews_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLinder,_Courtney2015" class="citation web cs1">Linder, Courtney (19 April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/">"Pot patois: A comprehensive etymology of marijuana"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pitt_News" title="The Pitt News">The Pitt News</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190403063353/https://pittnews.com/article/1195/opinions/pot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana/">Archived</a> from the original on 3 April 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 March</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Pitt+News&rft.atitle=Pot+patois%3A+A+comprehensive+etymology+of+marijuana&rft.date=2015-04-19&rft.au=Linder%2C+Courtney&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpittnews.com%2Farticle%2F1195%2Fopinions%2Fpot-patois-a-comprehensive-etymology-of-marijuana%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150725062712/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-ganja-law-of-1913--100-years-of-oppressive-injustice_15548584">"The ganja law of 1913: 100 years of oppressive injustice - Columns"</a>. JamaicaObserver.com. 2 December 2013. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/columns/The-ganja-law-of-1913--100-years-of-oppressive-injustice_15548584">the original</a> on 25 July 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">24 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+ganja+law+of+1913%3A+100+years+of+oppressive+injustice+-+Columns&rft.pub=JamaicaObserver.com&rft.date=2013-12-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jamaicaobserver.com%2Fcolumns%2FThe-ganja-law-of-1913--100-years-of-oppressive-injustice_15548584&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Courtwright-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Courtwright_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCourtwright,_David_T.2009" class="citation book cs1">Courtwright, David T. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GHqV3elHYvMC"><i>Forces of Habit</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674029-90-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674029-90-3"><bdi>978-0-674029-90-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Forces+of+Habit&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-674029-90-3&rft.au=Courtwright%2C+David+T.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGHqV3elHYvMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LawAndReligion-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LawAndReligion_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPieter_CoertzenM_Christiaan_GreenLen_Hansen2015" class="citation book cs1">Pieter Coertzen; M Christiaan Green; Len Hansen, eds. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=IgjTCQAAQBAJ&pg=PA186"><i>Law and Religion in Africa: The quest for the common good in pluralistic societies</i></a>. African Sun Media. p. 186. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-919985-63-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-919985-63-3"><bdi>978-1-919985-63-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Law+and+Religion+in+Africa%3A+The+quest+for+the+common+good+in+pluralistic+societies&rft.pages=186&rft.pub=African+Sun+Media&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-919985-63-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DIgjTCQAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA186&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RaceInChicanoCulture-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RaceInChicanoCulture_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRafael_Pérez-Torres2006" class="citation book cs1">Rafael Pérez-Torres (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=GI_9h27AHLQC&pg=PA97"><i>Mestizaje: Critical Uses of Race in Chicano Culture</i></a>. U of Minnesota Press. pp. 97–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4595-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-4595-4"><bdi>978-0-8166-4595-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mestizaje%3A+Critical+Uses+of+Race+in+Chicano+Culture&rft.pages=97-&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-4595-4&rft.au=Rafael+P%C3%A9rez-Torres&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGI_9h27AHLQC%26pg%3DPA97&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGanja" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ausil.org.au/Dictionary/Tiwi/lexicon/main.htm">Dictionary</a> AuSIL <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230303205015/https://ausil.org.au/Dictionary/Tiwi/lexicon/main.htm">Archived</a> 3 March 2023 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_cannabis" title="Outline of cannabis">Outline of cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)" title="Cannabis (drug)">Recreational and medical applications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Industrial applications</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Autoflowering_cannabis" title="Autoflowering cannabis">Autoflowering cannabis</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_indica" title="Cannabis indica">indica</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_ruderalis" title="Cannabis ruderalis">ruderalis</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_sativa" title="Cannabis sativa">sativa</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chemical_defenses_in_Cannabis" title="Chemical defenses in Cannabis">Chemical defenses in Cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_consumption" title="Cannabis consumption">Consumption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conversion_of_CBD_to_THC" title="Conversion of CBD to THC">Conversion of CBD to THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cultivation" title="Cannabis cultivation">Cultivation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_cannabis_terms" title="Glossary of cannabis terms">Glossary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_names_for_cannabis" title="List of names for cannabis">Names</a> (<a href="/wiki/Etymology_of_cannabis" title="Etymology of cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dagga" title="Dagga">dagga</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">ganja</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marijuana_(word)" title="Marijuana (word)">marijuana</a>, <a href="/wiki/List_of_slang_names_for_cannabis" title="List of slang names for cannabis">slang</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_strains" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis strains">Strains</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_cannabinoids" title="Synthetic cannabinoids">Synthetic cannabis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Usage</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_trauma" title="Cannabis use and trauma">Cannabis use and trauma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis" title="Medical cannabis">Medical cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_product_testing" title="Cannabis product testing">Cannabis product testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_medical_cannabis" title="History of medical cannabis">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Medical cannabis in the United States">In the US</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_card" title="Medical cannabis card">Medical cannabis card</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entheogenic_use_of_cannabis" title="Entheogenic use of cannabis">Religious and spiritual use</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chalice_(pipe)" title="Chalice (pipe)">Chalice</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_drug_testing" title="Cannabis drug testing">Drug testing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Anonymous" title="Marijuana Anonymous">Marijuana Anonymous</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hemp" title="Hemp">Hemp</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hanfparade" title="Hanfparade">Hanfparade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_diseases" title="List of hemp diseases">List of hemp diseases</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_products" title="List of hemp products">List of hemp products</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hempcrete" title="Hempcrete">hempcrete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_jewelry" title="Hemp jewelry">jewelry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_milk" title="Hemp milk">milk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_oil" title="Hemp oil">oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_paper" title="Hemp paper">paper</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rolling_paper" title="Rolling paper">rolling paper</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_hemp_varieties" title="List of hemp varieties">List of hemp varieties</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hemp_for_Victory" title="Hemp for Victory">Hemp for Victory</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Industries_Association" title="Hemp Industries Association">Hemp Industries Association</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Emperor_Wears_No_Clothes" title="The Emperor Wears No Clothes">The Emperor Wears No Clothes</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_edible" title="Cannabis edible">Cannabis edible</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bhang" title="Bhang">Bhang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_tea" title="Cannabis tea">Cannabis tea</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_smoking" title="Cannabis smoking">Cannabis smoking</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Joint_(cannabis)" title="Joint (cannabis)">Joint</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaporizer_(inhalation_device)" title="Vaporizer (inhalation device)">Vaporizing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_concentrate" title="Cannabis concentrate">Cannabis concentrate</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_flower_essential_oil" title="Cannabis flower essential oil">Essential oil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charas" title="Charas">Charas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hashish" title="Hashish">Hashish</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hash_oil" title="Hash oil">Hash oil</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kief" title="Kief">Kief</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tincture_of_cannabis" title="Tincture of cannabis">Tincture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_prensada" title="Marihuana prensada"><i>Marihuana prensada</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_phytocannabinoids" title="Comparison of phytocannabinoids">Phytocannabinoids</a> <ul><li>Quasi-psychedelic <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-8-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%94-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Δ-10-Tetrahydrocannabinol"><i>delta</i>-10-THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabinol" title="Tetrahydrocannabinol">THC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">THCH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol" title="Tetrahydrocannabiphorol">THCP</a></li></ul></li> <li>Other <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiol" title="Cannabidiol">CBD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabihexol" title="Tetrahydrocannabihexol">CBDH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabidiphorol" title="Cannabidiphorol">CBDP</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis" title="Effects of cannabis">Effects</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amotivational_syndrome" title="Amotivational syndrome">Amotivational syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_pregnancy" title="Cannabis in pregnancy">Cannabis in pregnancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_use_disorder" title="Cannabis use disorder">Cannabis use disorder</a> (CUD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_hyperemesis_syndrome" title="Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome">Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome</a> (CHS)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_endocannabinoid_deficiency_syndrome" title="Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome">Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entourage_effect" title="Entourage effect">Entourage effect</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_system" title="Endocannabinoid system">Endocannabinoid system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_impaired_driving" title="Cannabis and impaired driving">Impaired driving</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_time_perception" title="Cannabis and time perception">Time perception</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long-term_effects_of_cannabis" title="Long-term effects of cannabis">Long-term effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occupational_health_concerns_of_cannabis_use" title="Occupational health concerns of cannabis use">Occupational health concerns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medical_cannabis_research" title="Medical cannabis research">Medical cannabis research</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_culture" title="Cannabis culture">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/420_(cannabis_culture)" title="420 (cannabis culture)">420</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budtender" title="Budtender">Budtender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_by_Country" class="mw-redirect" title="Cannabis by Country">Cannabis by Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_cookbook" title="Cannabis cookbook">Cookbooks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_etiquette" title="Cannabis etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Social_Club" title="Cannabis Social Club">Cannabis Social Club</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_shop" title="Head shop">Head shop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_books_about_cannabis" title="List of books about cannabis">Books</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Culture_(magazine)" title="Cannabis Culture (magazine)">Cannabis Culture</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_columns" title="List of cannabis columns">Columns</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_competitions" title="List of cannabis competitions">Competitions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_hoaxes" title="List of cannabis hoaxes">List of cannabis hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_cannabis" title="Category:Films about cannabis">Films</a> (<a href="/wiki/Stoner_film" title="Stoner film">Stoner film</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/High_Times" title="High Times">High Times</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis_music" title="Category:Cannabis music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_religion" title="Cannabis and religion">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_the_restaurant_industry" title="Cannabis in the restaurant industry">Restaurants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_sports" title="Cannabis and sports">Sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Overgrow" title="Operation Overgrow">Operation Overgrow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoke-in" title="Smoke-in">Smoke-in</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoner_TV" title="Stoner TV">Stoner TV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_and_video_game_culture" title="Cannabis and video game culture">Video games</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_organizations" title="List of cannabis rights organizations">Cannabis rights</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Cannabis_Therapeutics" title="Alliance for Cannabis Therapeutics">ACT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aotearoa_Legalise_Cannabis_Party" title="Aotearoa Legalise Cannabis Party">ALCP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Medical_Marijuana_Association" title="American Medical Marijuana Association">AMMA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Americans_for_Safe_Access" title="Americans for Safe Access">ASA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Action_Network" title="Cannabis Action Network">CAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colorado_Badged_Network" title="Colorado Badged Network">CBN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Law_Reform" title="Cannabis Law Reform">CLEAR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coalition_for_Rescheduling_Cannabis" class="mw-redirect" title="Coalition for Rescheduling Cannabis">CRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dagga_Couple" title="Dagga Couple">Dagga Couple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctors_for_Cannabis_Regulation" class="mw-redirect" title="Doctors for Cannabis Regulation">DFCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drug_Policy_Alliance" title="Drug Policy Alliance">DPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ENCOD" class="mw-redirect" title="ENCOD">ENCOD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FAAAT_think_%26_do_tank" title="FAAAT think & do tank">FAAAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finnish_Cannabis_Association" title="Finnish Cannabis Association">FCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Legalisation_Movement_India" title="Great Legalisation Movement India">GLM India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">GMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_Enforcement_Action_Partnership" title="Law Enforcement Action Partnership">LEAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multidisciplinary_Association_for_Psychedelic_Studies" title="Multidisciplinary Association for Psychedelic Studies">MAPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marijuana_Policy_Project" title="Marijuana Policy Project">MPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Cannabis_Industry_Association" title="National Cannabis Industry Association">NCIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Organization_for_the_Reform_of_Marijuana_Laws" title="National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws">NORML</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NORML_France" title="NORML France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_New_Zealand" title="NORML New Zealand">NZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NORML_UK" title="NORML UK">UK</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Safer_Alternative_for_Enjoyable_Recreation" title="Safer Alternative for Enjoyable Recreation">SAFER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Cannabis_Clinicians" title="Society of Cannabis Clinicians">SCC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Students_for_Sensible_Drug_Policy" title="Students for Sensible Drug Policy">SSDP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Veterans_for_Medical_Cannabis_Access" title="Veterans for Medical Cannabis Access">VMCA</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/International_Association_for_Cannabinoid_Medicines" title="International Association for Cannabinoid Medicines">IACM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cannabinoid_Research_Society" title="International Cannabinoid Research Society">ICRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Center_for_Ethnobotanical_Education,_Research_and_Service" title="International Center for Ethnobotanical Education, Research and Service">ICEERS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Demographics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adult_lifetime_cannabis_use_by_country" title="Adult lifetime cannabis use by country">Adult lifetime use by country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annual_cannabis_use_by_country" class="mw-redirect" title="Annual cannabis use by country">Annual use by country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">General</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bootleggers_and_Baptists#Cannabis" title="Bootleggers and Baptists">Bootleggers and Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_rights" title="Cannabis rights">Cannabis rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_rights_leaders" title="List of cannabis rights leaders">Activists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capital_punishment_for_cannabis_trafficking" title="Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking">Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Effects_of_legalized_cannabis" title="Effects of legalized cannabis">Effects of legalized cannabis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Marijuana_March" title="Global Marijuana March">Global Marijuana March</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legality_of_cannabis" title="Legality of cannabis">Legality of cannabis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_control_treaties" class="mw-redirect" title="Drug control treaties">Internationally</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cannabis_regulatory_agencies" title="List of cannabis regulatory agencies">Regulatory agencies</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Single_Convention_on_Narcotic_Drugs" title="Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs">1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Convention_on_Psychotropic_Substances" title="Convention on Psychotropic Substances">1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Convention_Against_Illicit_Traffic_in_Narcotic_Drugs_and_Psychotropic_Substances" title="United Nations Convention Against Illicit Traffic in Narcotic Drugs and Psychotropic Substances">1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking</a></li></ul></li> <li>In the U.S. <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legal_history_of_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legal history of cannabis in the United States">Legal history in the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marihuana_Tax_Act_of_1937" title="Marihuana Tax Act of 1937">Marihuana Tax Act of 1937</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_cannabis_law" title="Timeline of cannabis law">Timeline of cannabis law</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Major legal<br />reforms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Treaty law: <a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_and_cannabis_resin_from_Schedule_IV_of_the_Single_Convention_on_narcotic_drugs,_1961" title="Removal of cannabis and cannabis resin from Schedule IV of the Single Convention on narcotic drugs, 1961">Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020</a></li> <li>Canada: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Act" title="Cannabis Act">2018 Cannabis Act</a></li> <li>Germany: <a href="/wiki/German_cannabis_control_bill" title="German cannabis control bill">German cannabis control bill</a></li> <li>UK: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_classification_in_the_United_Kingdom#Return_to_class_B" title="Cannabis classification in the United Kingdom">Return to class B</a></li> <li>Uruguay: <a href="/wiki/Cannabis_in_Uruguay" title="Cannabis in Uruguay">Law No. 19172</a></li> <li>US: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Legalization_of_non-medical_cannabis_in_the_United_States" title="Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the United States">Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Removal_of_cannabis_from_Schedule_I_of_the_Controlled_Substances_Act" title="Removal of cannabis from Schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act">Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_Farming_Act_of_2018" title="Hemp Farming Act of 2018">Hemp Farming Act of 2018</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Politicians<br />and parties</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties" title="Cannabis political parties">Cannabis political parties</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_the_United_States" title="Cannabis political parties of the United States">of the US</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_political_parties_of_Minnesota" title="Cannabis political parties of Minnesota">of Minnesota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cannabis_Party_(Spain)" title="Cannabis Party (Spain)">of Spain</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_British_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_United_States_politicians_who_have_acknowledged_cannabis_use" title="List of United States politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use">List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal cases</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ker_v._California" title="Ker v. California">Ker v. California</a></i> (1963)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Leary_v._United_States" title="Leary v. United States">Leary v. United States</a></i> (1969)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kyllo_v._United_States" title="Kyllo v. United States">Kyllo v. United States</a></i> (2001)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gonzales_v._Raich" title="Gonzales v. Raich">Gonzales v. Raich</a></i> (2005)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ADPF_187" title="ADPF 187">ADPF 187</a></i> (2011)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drug_liberalization" title="Drug liberalization">Drug liberalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_the_cannabis_industry" title="Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry">Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry</a></li> <li>Substances <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_antagonist" title="Cannabinoid receptor antagonist">Cannabinoid receptor antagonist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer" title="Endocannabinoid enhancer">Endocannabinoid enhancer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endocannabinoid_reuptake_inhibitor" title="Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor">Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/15px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/22px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a8/Cannabis_leaf.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="546" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Cannabis" title="Portal:Cannabis"><i>Cannabis</i> portal</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Cannabis" title="Category:Cannabis">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><br /> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1012311289">.mw-parser-output .asbox{position:relative;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .asbox table{background:transparent}.mw-parser-output .asbox p{margin:0}.mw-parser-output .asbox p+p{margin-top:0.25em}.mw-parser-output .asbox-body{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output .asbox-note{font-size:smaller}.mw-parser-output .asbox .navbar{position:absolute;top:-0.75em;right:1em;display:none}</style><div role="note" class="metadata plainlinks asbox stub"><table role="presentation"><tbody><tr class="noresize"><td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cannabis_leaf_2.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Stub icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/30px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/45px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/44/Cannabis_leaf_2.svg/60px-Cannabis_leaf_2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="730" data-file-height="790" /></a></span></td><td><p class="asbox-body">This <a href="/wiki/Cannabis" title="Cannabis">Cannabis</a>-related article is a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">stub</a>. 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