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[o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Ensaluti</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Paĝoj por elsalutitaj redaktistoj <a href="/wiki/Helpo:Enkonduko" aria-label="Lernu pli pri redaktado"><span>Lernu pli</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Miaj_kontribuoj" title="Listo de redaktoj faritaj el ĉi tiu IPa adreso [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribuoj</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Mia_diskutpa%C4%9Do" title="Diskuto pri redaktoj sub tiu ĉi IP adreso [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Diskuto</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Retejo"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Enhavo" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Enhavo</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Komenco</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Literaturo" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literaturo"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Literaturo</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literaturo-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Enhavo" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Ŝaltu la enhavtabelon</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Norna lingvo</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Iru al artikolo en alia lingvo. Havebla en 62 lingvo" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 lingvoj</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — afrikansa" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikansa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nor%C3%BEernisc_spr%C7%A3c" title="Norþernisc sprǣc — Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Norþernisc sprǣc" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%84%D8%BA%D8%A9_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="لغة نورن — araba" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="لغة نورن" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="araba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86_%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%84%DB%8C" title="نورن دیلی — South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="نورن دیلی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Норн — belorusa" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Норн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belorusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Норн — Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Норн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norneg" title="Norneg — bretona" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Norneg" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — kataluna" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="kataluna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn%C5%A1tina" title="Nornština — ĉeĥa" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nornština" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ĉeĥa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — kimra" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="kimra" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — dana" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — germana" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%BF%CF%81%CE%BD%CE%B9%CE%BA%CE%AE_%CE%B3%CE%BB%CF%8E%CF%83%CF%83%CE%B1" title="Νορνική γλώσσα — greka" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νορνική γλώσσα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_language" title="Norn language — angla" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Norn language" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="angla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idioma_norn" title="Idioma norn — hispana" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Idioma norn" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="hispana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norni_keel" title="Norni keel — estona" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Norni keel" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%86_%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="زبان نورن — persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زبان نورن" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norni" title="Norni — finna" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Norni" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finna" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — feroa" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="feroa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norne_(langue)" title="Norne (langue) — franca" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Norne (langue)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franca" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(Spriik)" title="Norn (Spriik) — nord-frisa" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Norn (Spriik)" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="nord-frisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_N%C3%B3rnais" title="An Nórnais — irlanda" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Nórnais" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B2rnais" title="Nòrnais — skot-gaela" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Nòrnais" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="skot-gaela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norn" title="Lingua norn — galega" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Lingua norn" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-got mw-list-item"><a href="https://got.wikipedia.org/wiki/%F0%90%8C%BD%F0%90%8C%B0%F0%90%8C%BF%F0%90%8D%82%F0%90%8C%BD" title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽 — Gothic" lang="got" hreflang="got" data-title="𐌽𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽" data-language-autonym="𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺" data-language-local-name="Gothic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>𐌲𐌿𐍄𐌹𐍃𐌺</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nornish" title="Nornish — manksa" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Nornish" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="manksa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%9F" title="נורן — hebrea" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נורן" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebrea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A8_%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE" title="नोर्न भाषा — hinda" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="नोर्न भाषा" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hinda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — kroata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="kroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shetlandi_nyelv" title="Shetlandi nyelv — hungara" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Shetlandi nyelv" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="hungara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(lingua)" title="Norn (lingua) — Interlingvao" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Norn (lingua)" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingvao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Norn" title="Bahasa Norn — indonezia" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Bahasa Norn" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonezia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(tungum%C3%A1l)" title="Norn (tungumál) — islanda" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Norn (tungumál)" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_norn" title="Lingua norn — itala" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Lingua norn" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="itala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8E%E3%83%AB%E3%83%B3%E8%AA%9E" title="ノルン語 — japana" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ノルン語" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნორნი — kartvela" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნორნი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="kartvela" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%85%B8%EB%A5%B8%EC%96%B4" title="노른어 — korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="노른어" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD_%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%B2" title="Норн кыв — komia" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Норн кыв" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="komia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingua_Noroena" title="Lingua Noroena — latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Lingua Noroena" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — limburga" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lengua_norn" title="Lengua norn — Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Lengua norn" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%86" title="نورن — mazandarana" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="نورن" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="mazandarana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(sproake)" title="Norn (sproake) — Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Norn (sproake)" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(taal)" title="Norn (taal) — nederlanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Norn (taal)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="nederlanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — novnorvega" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="novnorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — dannorvega" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="dannorvega" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C4%99zyk_norn" title="Język norn — pola" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Język norn" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="pola" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn" title="Norn — portugala" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Norn" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limba_norn" title="Limba norn — rumana" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Limba norn" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumana" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Норн — rusa" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Норн" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_leid" title="Norn leid — skota" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Norn leid" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="skota" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norn_(spr%C3%A5k)" title="Norn (språk) — sveda" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Norn (språk)" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sveda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nornca" title="Nornca — turka" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Nornca" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BD" title="Норн — ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Норн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%A9ngua_norn" title="Łéngua norn — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Łéngua norn" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%E1%BA%BFng_Norn" title="Tiếng Norn — vjetnama" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Tiếng Norn" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vjetnama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AF%BA%E6%81%A9%E8%AF%AD" title="诺恩语 — vua" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="诺恩语" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="vua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ნორნი — Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ნორნი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E8%AA%9E" title="諾恩語 — ĉina" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="諾恩語" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ĉina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%AB%BE%E6%81%A9%E6%96%87" title="諾恩文 — kantona" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="諾恩文" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="kantona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit 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href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kio_ligas_%C4%89i_tien%3F/Norna_lingvo" title="Listo de ĉiuj vikiaj paĝoj kiuj ligas ĉi tien [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ligiloj ĉi tien</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Rilataj_%C5%9Dan%C4%9Doj/Norna_lingvo" rel="nofollow" title="Lastaj ŝanĝoj en paĝoj kiuj ligas al ĉi tiu paĝo [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Rilataj ŝanĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=eo" title="Alŝuti dosierojn [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Alŝuti dosieron</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Specialaj_pa%C4%9Doj" title="Listo de ĉiuj specialaj paĝoj [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Specialaj paĝoj</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&oldid=8931299" title="Porĉiama ligilo al ĉi versio de la paĝo"><span>Konstanta ligilo</span></a></li><li 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class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Norna+lingvo"><span>Krei libron</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciala%C4%B5o:DownloadAsPdf&page=Norna_lingvo&action=show-download-screen"><span>Elŝuti kiel PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&printable=yes" title="Presebla versio de tiu ĉi paĝo [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Presebla versio</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> En aliaj projektoj </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Norn_language" hreflang="en"><span>Vikimedia Komunejo</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q36708" title="Ligilo al konektita datuma ero [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Ero en Vikidatumoj</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Paĝaj iloj"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspekto"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Aspekto</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">movigi al flanka panelo</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">kaŝi</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">El Vikipedio, la libera enciklopedio</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="eo" dir="ltr"><p>La <b>norna lingvo</b> aŭ simple <b>Norno</b> (ĉar popolo "nornoj" ne ekzistis), norne <i><b>Norn</b></i>, estis ido de la <a href="/wiki/Norena_lingvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Norena lingvo">norena lingvo</a>, iam parolita en insularoj <a href="/wiki/%C5%9Cetlando" class="mw-redirect" title="Ŝetlando">Ŝetlando</a> kaj <a href="/wiki/Orkadoj" title="Orkadoj">Orkadoj</a> (<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nordaj_insuloj_(Britio)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nordaj insuloj (Britio) (paĝo ne ekzistas)">nordaj insuloj</a></i>). Koloniigite de <a href="/wiki/Norvegio" title="Norvegio">norvegaj</a> <a href="/wiki/Vikingoj" title="Vikingoj">vikingoj</a> depost 800, la dan-norvega registaro cedis la insularojn al <a href="/wiki/Skotlando" title="Skotlando">Skotlando</a> en la <a href="/wiki/15-a_jarcento" title="15-a jarcento">15-a jarcento</a>. La skotaj registaro kaj <a href="/w/index.php?title=Skota_eklezio&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Skota eklezio (paĝo ne ekzistas)">eklezio</a> ekmalrekomendis la uzon de la lingvo, kiu estis iom post iom anstataŭigata de la <a href="/wiki/Skota_lingvo" title="Skota lingvo">skota</a>. </p><p>Oni ne scias ekzakte kiam oni ĉesis paroli la nornan; eble ĝi daŭre estis uzata en kelkaj partoj de la insuloj ĝis la <a href="/wiki/18-a_jarcento" title="18-a jarcento">18-a jarcento</a>. Verŝajne la lastaj orkadaj parolantoj mortis ĉirkaŭ 1750, dum kelkaj en Ŝetlando vivis ĝis ĉirkaŭ 1800. Do la lingvo estis parolata en iu formo dum preskaŭ mil jaroj. Ĝi neniam akiris <a href="/wiki/Ortografio" title="Ortografio">ortografion</a>, kaj la malmultaj dokumentoj skribitaj en la insuloj havas lingvaĵon klare influitan de la "ĉefa" norvega idiomo. Malfruajn notojn de la buŝa lingvo ĉefe registris anglalingvanoj ne regantaj skandinavan lingvon, kaj pro tio la notoj ŝajnas fuŝaj kaj estas malfacile legeblaj. Frazetoj de la lingvo kaj nornaj pruntvortoj en la lingvoj <a href="/wiki/Angla_lingvo" title="Angla lingvo">angla</a> kaj skota travivis ĝis hodiaŭ. Super ĉio granda kvanto de la insulaj <a href="/wiki/Loknomo" title="Loknomo">loknomoj</a> restas norna. </p><p>Eĉ homoj en ĉeflanda <a href="/wiki/Skotlando" title="Skotlando">Skotlando</a> iam parolis norenajn dialektojn, ekzemple en <a href="/wiki/Caithness" title="Caithness">Caithness</a>, sed tiuj maluziĝis multajn jarcentojn antaŭ la formorto de Norno en Orkadoj kaj Ŝetlando. Tial, kelkaj fakuloj parolas pri "Caithness-a Norno", dum aliaj tian terminon evitas. Oni scias eĉ malpli pri tiu "Caithness-a Norno" ol pri la nornoj de Orkadoj kaj Ŝetlando. </p><p>Konservitas tre malmulte da norna literaturo. Unu restaĵo estas la "<a href="/wiki/Patro_nia" title="Patro nia">Patro nia</a>". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Evangelio_la%C5%AD_Sankta_Mateo" class="mw-redirect" title="Evangelio laŭ Sankta Mateo">Mateo</a> 6:9-13, orkada Norno (transskribo de Wallace; 1700) </p> <dl><dd>Favor i ir i chimrie, Helleur ir i nam thite,</dd> <dd>gilla cosdum thite cumma, veya thine mota vara gort</dd> <dd>o yurn sinna gort i chimrie,</dd> <dd>ga vus da on da dalight brow vora</dd> <dd>Firgive vus sinna vora sin vee Firgive sindara mutha vus,</dd> <dd>lyv vus ye i tumtation, min delivera vus fro olt ilt, Amen.</dd></dl> <p>Mateo 6:9-13, ŝetlanda Norno (transskribo de Low; 1774) </p> <dl><dd>Fy vor or er i Chimeri. Halaght vara nam dit.</dd> <dd>La Konungdum din cumma. La vill din vera guerde</dd> <dd>i vrildin sindaeri chimeri.</dd> <dd>Gav vus dagh u dagloght brau. Forgive sindorwara</dd> <dd>sin vi forgiva gem ao sinda gainst wus.</dd> <dd>Lia wus ikè o vera tempa, but delivra wus fro adlu idlu.</dd> <dd>For do i ir Kongungdum, u puri, u glori, Amen</dd></dl> <p>Mateo 6:9-13, <a href="/wiki/Feroa_lingvo" title="Feroa lingvo">feroa lingvo</a> (plej proksima kuzo ankoraŭ viva) </p> <dl><dd>Faðir vár, Tú, sum ert í Himli. Heilagt verði navn Títt.</dd> <dd>Komi ríki Títt. Verði vilji Tín,</dd> <dd>sum í Himli, so á jørð.</dd> <dd>Gev okkum í dag okkara dagliga breyð. Og fyrigev okkum syndir okkara,</dd> <dd>so sum vit eisini fyrigeva teimum, ið móti okkum synda.</dd> <dd>Leið okkum ikki í frestingum, men frels okkum frá tí illa.</dd></dl> <p>Mateo 6:9-13, <a href="/wiki/Norena_lingvo" class="mw-redirect" title="Norena lingvo">norena lingvo</a>: </p> <dl><dd>Faþer vár es ert í himenríki, verði nafn þitt hæilagt</dd> <dd>Til kome ríke þitt, værði vili þin</dd> <dd>sva a iarðu sem í himnum.</dd> <dd>Gef oss í dag brauð vort dagligt</dd> <dd>Ok fyr gefþu oss synþer órar,</dd> <dd>sem vér fyr gefom þeim er viþ oss hafa misgert</dd> <dd>Leiðd oss eigi í freistni, heldr leys þv oss frá öllu illu.</dd></dl> <dl><dd><i>Fonto:</i> Þorvaldur Bjarnarson, 1878.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literaturo">Literaturo</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Redakti sekcion: Literaturo" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>redakti</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&action=edit&section=1" title="Redakti la fontkodo de la sekcio: Literaturo"><span>redakti fonton</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Michael P. Barnes: <i>The Norn Language of Orkney and Shetland</i> (angla), <a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Citoj_el_libroj/1898852294" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 1-898852-29-4</a> </p></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Elŝutita el "<a dir="ltr" href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&oldid=8931299">https://eo.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Norna_lingvo&oldid=8931299</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Speciala%C4%B5o:Kategorioj" title="Specialaĵo:Kategorioj">Kategorioj</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Nord%C4%9Dermana_lingvaro" title="Kategorio:Nordĝermana lingvaro">Nordĝermana lingvaro</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Mortintaj_%C4%9Dermanaj_lingvoj" title="Kategorio:Mortintaj ĝermanaj lingvoj">Mortintaj ĝermanaj lingvoj</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Lingvoj_la%C5%AD_alfabeto" title="Kategorio:Lingvoj laŭ alfabeto">Lingvoj laŭ alfabeto</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Lingvoj_de_Skotlando" title="Kategorio:Lingvoj de Skotlando">Lingvoj de Skotlando</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kaŝita kategorio: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategorio:Pa%C4%9Doj_kiuj_uzas_ISBNajn_magiajn_ligilojn" title="Kategorio:Paĝoj kiuj uzas ISBNajn magiajn ligilojn">Paĝoj kiuj uzas ISBNajn magiajn ligilojn</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ĉi tiu paĝo estis lastafoje redaktita je 11:33, 24 nov. 2024.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">La teksto disponeblas laŭ la permesilo <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.eo">Krea Komunaĵo Atribuite-Samkondiĉe 4.0 Neadaptita</a>; eble aldonaj kondiĉoj aplikeblas. 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