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mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Páxinas para os editores sen a sesión iniciada <a href="/wiki/Axuda:Introduci%C3%B3n" aria-label="Máis información sobre a edición"><span>máis información</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:As_mi%C3%B1as_contribuci%C3%B3ns" title="Unha lista das modificacións feitas desde este enderezo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucións</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:A_mi%C3%B1a_conversa" title="Conversa acerca de edicións feitas desde este enderezo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Conversa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sitio"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contidos" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contidos</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mover á barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">agochar</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inicio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Definición" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definición"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Definición</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definición-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-pOH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#pOH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>pOH</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-pOH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Medida_do_pH" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Medida_do_pH"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Medida do pH</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Medida_do_pH-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cálculo_de_pH_dalgunhas_solucións_acuosas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cálculo_de_pH_dalgunhas_solucións_acuosas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Cálculo de pH dalgunhas solucións acuosas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cálculo_de_pH_dalgunhas_solucións_acuosas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Véxase_tamén" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Véxase_tamén"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección "Véxase tamén"</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ligazóns_externas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ligazóns_externas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Ligazóns externas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ligazóns_externas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contidos" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Táboa de contidos" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostrar ou agochar a táboa de contidos</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">pH</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Ir a un artigo noutra lingua. Dispoñible en 104 linguas" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-104" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">104 linguas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert – alemán suízo" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="PH-Wert" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="alemán suízo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A_%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8" title="पीएच मान – angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पीएच मान" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D8%B3_%D9%87%D9%8A%D8%AF%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%8A" title="أس هيدروجيني – árabe" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أس هيدروجيني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="árabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – acerbaixano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="acerbaixano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D1%87%D1%8B%D0%BA" title="Вадародны паказчык – belaruso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Вадародны паказчык" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belaruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Водороден показател – búlgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Водороден показател" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A" title="पीएच – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पीएच" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%9A" title="পিএইচ – bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পিএইচ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – bosníaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosníaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – catalán" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A6%DB%8E%DA%86" title="پی ئێچ – kurdo central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پی ئێچ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurdo central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – checo" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="checo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – galés" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="galés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – dinamarqués" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="dinamarqués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH-Wert" title="PH-Wert – alemán" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="PH-Wert" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – grego" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grego" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – inglés" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_(kemia_parametro)" title="PH (kemia parametro) – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="PH (kemia parametro)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – español" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="español" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vesinikueksponent" title="Vesinikueksponent – estoniano" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Vesinikueksponent" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estoniano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – éuscaro" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="éuscaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C%E2%80%8C%D8%A7%DA%86" title="پی‌اچ – persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پی‌اچ" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happamuus" title="Happamuus – finés" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Happamuus" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_hydrog%C3%A8ne" title="Potentiel hydrogène – francés" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Potentiel hydrogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_w%C3%A4%C3%A4rs" title="PH wäärs – frisón setentrional" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="PH wäärs" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisón setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – irlandés" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – hebreo" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – croata" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – crioulo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="crioulo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – húngaro" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="húngaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8B%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AE%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D6%81%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%B9" title="Ջրածնային ցուցիչ – armenio" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ջրածնային ցուցիչ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armenio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potential_de_hydrogeno" title="Potential de hydrogeno – interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Potential de hydrogeno" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – indonesio" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%BDrustig" title="Sýrustig – islandés" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Sýrustig" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – italiano" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B0%B4%E7%B4%A0%E3%82%A4%E3%82%AA%E3%83%B3%E6%8C%87%E6%95%B0" title="水素イオン指数 – xaponés" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="水素イオン指数" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="xaponés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – xavanés" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="xavanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – xeorxiano" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="xeorxiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BF_%E0%B2%B9%E0%B3%86%E0%B2%9A%E0%B3%8D" title="ಪಿ ಹೆಚ್ – kannará" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಪಿ ಹೆಚ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannará" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%88%98%EC%86%8C_%EC%9D%B4%EC%98%A8_%EB%86%8D%EB%8F%84_%EC%A7%80%EC%88%98" title="수소 이온 농도 지수 – coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="수소 이온 농도 지수" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nirxa_pH" title="Nirxa pH – kurdo" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Nirxa pH" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="kurdo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentia_Hydrogenii" title="Potentia Hydrogenii – latín" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Potentia Hydrogenii" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latín" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH-W%C3%A4ert" title="PH-Wäert – luxemburgués" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="PH-Wäert" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="luxemburgués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="artigo de calidade"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – lombardo" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="lombardo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vandenilio_potencialas" title="Vandenilio potencialas – lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vandenilio potencialas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – letón" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Водороден показател – macedonio" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Водороден показател" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedonio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B4%BF.%E0%B4%8E%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A%E0%B5%8D._%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%B2%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="പി.എച്ച്. മൂല്യം – malabar" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="പി.എച്ച്. മൂല്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malabar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%9D" title="РН – mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="РН" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%80.%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%9A._%E0%A4%AE%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="पी.एच. मूल्य – marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="पी.एच. मूल्य" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – malaio" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH-Weert" title="PH-Weert – baixo alemán" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="PH-Weert" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="baixo alemán" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – neerlandés" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – noruegués nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruegués nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – noruegués bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruegués bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Novial</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80.%E0%A8%90%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9A._(%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80)" title="ਪੀ.ਐੱਚ. (ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ) – panxabí" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੀ.ਐੱਚ. (ਹਾਈਡਰੋਜਨ ਸ਼ਕਤੀ)" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="panxabí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skala_pH" title="Skala pH – polaco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Skala pH" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86" title="پی ایچ – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="پی ایچ" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – portugués" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugués" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – romanés" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Водородный показатель – ruso" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Водородный показатель" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ruso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – siciliano" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="siciliano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – saami setentrional" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="saami setentrional" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Davvisámegiella</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_vrednost" title="PH vrednost – serbocroata" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="PH vrednost" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroata" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyslos%C5%A5" title="Kyslosť – eslovaco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kyslosť" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – esloveno" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="esloveno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – somalí" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="somalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – albanés" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH_%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="PH вредност – serbio" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="PH вредност" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – sundanés" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="sundanés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – sueco" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="sueco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thamani_pH" title="Thamani pH – suahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Thamani pH" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="suahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%88%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D" title="காரகாடித்தன்மைச் சுட்டெண் – támil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="காரகாடித்தன்மைச் சுட்டெண்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="támil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%8A_(%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%B5)" title="พีเอช (เคมี) – tailandés" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พีเอช (เคมี)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tailandés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – tagalo" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – tártaro" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="tártaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – ucraíno" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraíno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%DB%8C_%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%86_(%DA%A9%DB%8C%D9%85%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%A1)" title="پی ایچ (کیمیاء) – urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="پی ایچ (کیمیاء)" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodorod_ko%CA%BBrsatkichi_(pH)" title="Vodorod koʻrsatkichi (pH) – uzbeko" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Vodorod koʻrsatkichi (pH)" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbeko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potentiel_idrodjinne" title="Potentiel idrodjinne – valón" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Potentiel idrodjinne" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="valón" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – waray-waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray-waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH%E5%80%BC" title="PH值 – chinés wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="PH值" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chinés wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH%E5%80%BC" title="PH值 – chinés" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="PH值" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chinés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%BA%A6" title="酸鹼度 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="酸鹼度" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/PH" title="PH – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="PH" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%85%B8%E9%B9%BC%E5%BA%A6" title="酸鹼度 – cantonés" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="酸鹼度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonés" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q40936#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Editar as ligazóns interlingüísticas" class="wbc-editpage">Editar as ligazóns</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espazos de nomes"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/PH" title="Ver o contido da páxina [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Artigo</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><p> <span style="visibility:hidden"></span> <i>Para a doenza pulmonar denominada PH ver <a href="/wiki/Pneumonite_por_hipersensibilidade" title="Pneumonite por hipersensibilidade">Pneumonite por hipersensibilidade</a>.</i> </p> <table align="right" style="border: 2px dotted black; margin: 0 0 0.5en 1en;"> <caption>Algúns valores comúns de pH</caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Substancia</th> <th>pH </th></tr> <tr> <td>Ácido de <a href="/wiki/Bater%C3%ADa_(electricidade)" title="Batería (electricidade)">batería</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CC0000"><1.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zume_g%C3%A1strico" title="Zume gástrico">zume gástrico</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF0000">2.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td>zume de <a href="/wiki/Lim%C3%B3n" title="Limón">limón</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF3300">2.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Noz_de_cola" title="Noz de cola">Cola</a> (refrixerante)</td> <td bgcolor="#FF6600">2.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Vinagre" title="Vinagre">Vinagre</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FF9900">2.9 </td></tr> <tr> <td>zume de <a href="/wiki/Laranxa_(froita)" title="Laranxa (froita)">laranxa</a> ou <a href="/wiki/Maz%C3%A1" title="Mazá">mazá</a></td> <td bgcolor="#FFCC00">3.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cervexa" title="Cervexa">Cervexa</a></td> <td bgcolor="yellow">4.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9" title="Café">Café</a></td> <td bgcolor="yellow">5.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9" title="Té">Té</a></td> <td bgcolor="yellow">5.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Choiva_%C3%A1cida" title="Choiva ácida">Choiva ácida</a></td> <td bgcolor="#CCFF00">< 5.6 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">Saliva</a> <small>pacientes con <a href="/wiki/Cancro" title="Cancro">cancro</a> </small></td> <td bgcolor="#CCFF00">4.5-5.7 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Leite" title="Leite">Leite</a></td> <td bgcolor="#339933">6.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Auga" title="Auga">Auga</a> pura</td> <td bgcolor="green">7.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Saliva" title="Saliva">Saliva</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Humana&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Humana (a páxina aínda non existe)">humana</a></td> <td bgcolor="green">6.5-7.4 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sangue" title="Sangue">Sangue</a></td> <td bgcolor="#009966">7.34 - 7.45 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Auga do <a href="/wiki/Mar" title="Mar">mar</a></td> <td bgcolor="#006699">8.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xab%C3%B3n" title="Xabón">Xabón</a> de man</td> <td bgcolor="blue">9.0 - 10.0 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Amon%C3%ADaco" title="Amoníaco">Amoníaco</a> caseiro</td> <td bgcolor="blue">11.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cloro" title="Cloro">Cloro</a></td> <td bgcolor="#0000CC">12.5 </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xido_de_sodio" title="Hidróxido de sodio">Hidróxido de sodio</a> caseiro</td> <td bgcolor="#000099">13.5 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>O valor do <b>pH</b> é un número aproximado, entre 0 e 14, que indica se unha solución é <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">ácida</a> (pH < 7), neutra (pH = 7), ou básica/alcalina (pH > 7) </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definición"><span id="Definici.C3.B3n"></span>Definición</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Definición»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Definición"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O <b>pH</b> ou <b>potencial de hidróxeno iónico</b>, é un índice que indica a <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido" title="Ácido">acidez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Neutralidade" class="mw-redirect" title="Neutralidade">neutralidade</a> ou <a href="/w/index.php?title=Alcalinidade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alcalinidade (a páxina aínda non existe)">alcalinidade</a> dun medio calquera. O concepto foi introducido por <a href="/wiki/S._P._L._S%C3%B8rensen" title="S. P. L. Sørensen">S. P. L. Sørensen</a> en <a href="/wiki/1909" title="1909">1909</a>. O "p" ven do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_alem%C3%A1" title="Lingua alemá">alemán</a> <i>potenz</i>, que significa poder de concentración, e o "H" é para o ión de <a href="/wiki/Hidr%C3%B3xeno" title="Hidróxeno">hidróxeno</a> (H<sup>+</sup>). Ás veces se fai vir do <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latín</a> <i>pondus hydroxenii</i>. O "p" equivale ao <a href="/wiki/Logaritmo" title="Logaritmo">logaritmo</a> negativo de base 10 da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Actividade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actividade (a páxina aínda non existe)">actividade</a> dos ións a que se refire, ou sexa, </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle {\mbox{pH}}=-\log _{10}\left[{\mbox{H}}^{+}\right]}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>pH</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mo>=</mo> <mo>−</mo> <msub> <mi>log</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>⁡</mo> <mrow> <mo>[</mo> <msup> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="false" scriptlevel="0"> <mtext>H</mtext> </mstyle> </mrow> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>+</mo> </mrow> </msup> <mo>]</mo> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle {\mbox{pH}}=-\log _{10}\left[{\mbox{H}}^{+}\right]}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/093977a79b6a17e02db4699475930e48c05d6468" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -1.005ex; width:18.371ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle {\mbox{pH}}=-\log _{10}\left[{\mbox{H}}^{+}\right]}" /></span></dd></dl> <p>en que [H<sup>+</sup>] representa a actividade de H<sup>+</sup> en mol/dm<sup>3</sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="pOH">pOH</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Editar a sección: «pOH»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: pOH"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Do mesmo modo pódese definir o <b>pOH</b> en relación á concentración de ións OH<sup>-</sup>. A partir da constante de disociación da auga que ten o valor de 10<sup>−14</sup> á temperatura de 298 K (25 °C), pódese determinar a relación entre o pOH e o pH. Así pola definición de K<sub>w</sub> tense a relación entre as dúas actividades: </p> <dl><dd>K<sub>w</sub> =[H<sup>+</sup>][OH<sup>-</sup>]</dd></dl> <p>Ao aplicar logaritmos, obtense a relación entre o pH e o pOH: </p> <dl><dd>pK<sub>w</sub>=pH+pOH=14</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medida_do_pH">Medida do pH</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Medida do pH»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Medida do pH"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg/250px-Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg/375px-Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg/500px-Hydrangea_macrophylla_-_Hortensia_hydrangea.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2016" data-file-height="1512" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Hortensia_(flor)" title="Hortensia (flor)">hortensia</a> (<i>Hydrangea macrophylla</i>) ten flores rosa ou azuis dependendo do pH do solo. En solos ácidos as flores son azuis, mentres que en solos alcalinos son rosa<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span>[</span>1<span>]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>O pH pode ser determinado: </p> <ul><li>por adición dun <a href="/w/index.php?title=Indicador_de_pH&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Indicador de pH (a páxina aínda non existe)">indicador de pH</a> na solución a analizar. A cor do indicador varía segundo o pH da solución.</li> <li>usando un medidor de pH axuntado a un eléctrodo de pH</li></ul> <p>Os indicadores máis comúns para medir o pH dunha substancia son a fenolftaleína, o laranxa de metilo e o azul de bromofenol. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cálculo_de_pH_dalgunhas_solucións_acuosas"><span id="C.C3.A1lculo_de_pH_dalgunhas_soluci.C3.B3ns_acuosas"></span>Cálculo de pH dalgunhas solucións acuosas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Cálculo de pH dalgunhas solucións acuosas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Cálculo de pH dalgunhas solucións acuosas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>O valor de pH dunha solución pode ser estimado se se souber a concentración en ións H<sup>+</sup>. Preséntanse a continuación varios exemplos: </p><p>Solución acuosa de ácido clorhídrico (HCl) 0,1M: </p> <dl><dd>Este é un ácido forte, por iso atópase completamente disociado e atópase suficientemente diluído como para que a concentración de <span class="chemf" style="white-space:nowrap;">H<span style="display:inline-block; margin-bottom:-0.3em; vertical-align:0.8em; line-height:1.2em; font-size:85%; text-align:left;">+<br /></span></span> sexa próxima á concentración molar dada. Así [H<sup>+</sup>]=0,1 M e pH=-log[0,1]=1.</dd></dl> <p>Solución acuosa de hidróxido de sodio (NaOH) 0,1M: </p> <dl><dd>Esta é unha base forte, por iso está completamente disociada e atópase suficientemente diluída como para que a concentración de OH<sup>-</sup> sexa próxima á da concentración molar dada. Así [OH<sup>-</sup>]=0,1 M e pOH=-log[0,1]=1. Logo pH=14-1=13</dd></dl> <p>Solución acuosa de <a href="/wiki/%C3%81cido_f%C3%B3rmico" title="Ácido fórmico">ácido fórmico</a> (HCOOH) 0,1M: </p> <dl><dd>Este é un ácido feble, que non está completamente disociado. Por iso débese determinar primeiro a concentración de H<sup>+</sup>.</dd> <dd>Para ácidos febles débese ter en conta a constante de disociación do ácido:</dd></dl> <dl><dd>K<sub>a</sub> = [H<sup>+</sup>][A<sup>-</sup>] / [HA]</dd></dl> <dl><dd>A constante de disociación do ácido fórmico ten o valor de K<sub>a</sub> = 1,6 × 10<sup>−4</sup>. Así, considerando que [A<sup>-</sup>] é igual a <i>x</i>, [HA] ha de ser a parte que non se disociou, ou sexa 0,1-<i>x</i>. Se desprezamos a ionización da auga, concluímos que a única fonte de H<sup>+</sup> é o ácido, así [H<sup>+</sup>]=[A<sup>-</sup>]. Substituíndo as variables obtense:</dd></dl> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-4}={\frac {x^{2}}{0.1-x}}}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mn>1.6</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mo>−</mo> <mn>4</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mfrac> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mrow> <mn>0.1</mn> <mo>−</mo> <mi>x</mi> </mrow> </mfrac> </mrow> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-4}={\frac {x^{2}}{0.1-x}}}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/427abb4989de825811d70564f3299c45ab2aa9ca" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -2.005ex; width:21.546ex; height:5.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle 1.6\times 10^{-4}={\frac {x^{2}}{0.1-x}}}" /></span></dd></dl> <dl><dd>A solución é [H<sup>+</sup>]=<i>x</i>=3,9×10<sup>−3</sup>. A través da definición de pH, obténse pH=-log[3,9×10<sup>−3</sup>]=2,4.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notas">Notas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Notas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Notas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://hxic.clemson.edu/factsheets/HXIC1067.htm">[1]</a><sup>[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ligaz%C3%B3ns_mortas" title="Wikipedia:Ligazóns mortas">Ligazón morta</a></i>]</sup></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=6" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=PH&action=edit&section=7" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chembuddy.com/?left=pH-calculation&right=toc">Máis sobre estimativa de pH...</a> <i>(en <a href="/wiki/Lingua_inglesa" title="Lingua inglesa">inglés</a>)</i>.</li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Control_de_autoridades" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Control_de_autoridades" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;width: 12%; 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id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>104 linguas</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Nova sección</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-dock-bottom emptyPortlet" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul> </ul> </div> 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