CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <link rel="pingback" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php"> <title>The Byzness – Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS)</title> <script type="text/javascript"> WebFontConfig = {"google":{"families":["Lato:b:latin,latin-ext","Karla:r,i,b,bi:latin,latin-ext"]},"api_url":"https:\/\/fonts-api.wp.com\/css"}; (function() { var wf = document.createElement('script'); wf.src = 'https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/plugins/custom-fonts/js/webfont.js'; wf.type = 'text/javascript'; wf.async = 'true'; var s = document.getElementsByTagName('script')[0]; s.parentNode.insertBefore(wf, s); })(); </script><style id="jetpack-custom-fonts-css">.wf-active body{font-family:"Karla",sans-serif}.wf-active input[type="color"], .wf-active input[type="date"], .wf-active input[type="datetime"], .wf-active input[type="datetime-local"], .wf-active input[type="email"], .wf-active input[type="month"], .wf-active input[type="number"], .wf-active input[type="password"], .wf-active input[type="search"], .wf-active input[type="tel"], .wf-active input[type="text"], .wf-active input[type="time"], .wf-active input[type="url"], .wf-active input[type="week"], .wf-active textarea{font-family:"Karla",sans-serif}.wf-active h1, .wf-active h2, .wf-active h3, .wf-active h4, .wf-active h5, .wf-active h6{font-family:"Lato",sans-serif;font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.wf-active h1 small, .wf-active h2 small, .wf-active h3 small, .wf-active h4 small, .wf-active h5 small, .wf-active h6 small{font-size:78%;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h1{font-size:36.4px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h2{font-size:31.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h3{font-size:23.4px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h4{font-size:18.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h5{font-size:15.6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active h6{font-size:14.3px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .subtitle{font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.wf-active .site-description{font-size:20.8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .hero-section .hero-title{font-weight:700;font-size:46.8px;font-style:normal}.wf-active .home-posts-titles h2{font-weight:700;font-style:normal}.wf-active .featured-posts .entry-title{font-size:28.6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .error-404 .page-title{font-size:54.6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .error-404 .widget-title, .wf-active .error-404 .widgettitle{font-size:23.4px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .page-title{font-size:31.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .comment-reply-title{font-size:31.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.wf-active .widget-title{font-size:20.8px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h1{font-size:70.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h2{font-size:54.6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h3{font-size:36.4px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h4{font-size:26px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h5{font-size:23.4px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active h6{font-size:18.2px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}@media screen and (min-width: 50em){.wf-active .home-posts-titles h2{font-size:54.6px;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}}</style> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s1.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s0.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s2.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fonts-api.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//af.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//s.pubmine.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//x.bidswitch.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.criteo.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ib.adnxs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//aax.amazon-adsystem.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//bidder.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cas.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gum.criteo.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//gads.pubmatic.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//tpc.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//ad.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//googleads.g.doubleclick.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagservices.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.g.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//delivery.swid.switchadhub.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//a.teads.tv' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid.media.net' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//adserver-us.adtech.advertising.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//fastlane.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//prebid-server.rubiconproject.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//hb-api.omnitagjs.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//mtrx.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//apex.go.sonobi.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//u.openx.net' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS) » Feed" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS) » Comments Feed" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS) » The Byzness Comments Feed" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/feed/" /> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ function addLoadEvent(func) { var oldonload = window.onload; if (typeof window.onload != 'function') { window.onload = func; } else { window.onload = function () { oldonload(); func(); } } } /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/wpcom-smileys\/twemoji\/2\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/s2.wp.com\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?m=1719498190i&ver=6.7.2-RC1-59780"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); /* ]]> */ </script> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-0-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9j90KgzAMhV9oXRQZ7mbsWaoNpTb9oUkR3346Bs4NvDwn3/kgMGc1pigYBQZKVmWq1kWGORWjDYOlNGi6jswX+GJD3UlnLAoD1vWavENFegbBkEkLMrAshGeCCSXr0X8ycI0Qkqm0bgtuDqNyYvlJZ0ZyHnfvO/3hh2+DLh7FRasGXWBFj802foZH23d929ybWze9AJ9+dN0=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-2-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJydzDEOwyAMheELFQxRpExRzwIEWaQEkG1acfukXbp16Pj09P3wairUIrEItNwxFQbs1/SR8HoownMy2ugJfE95A59reKicPDkawDJy1IH5Bj9DH8WwR2nuzd2oXRRS2v5NkJNUkL/8fqx2mY0xs7XLfgIv0E++&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-inline-css'> .has-text-align-justify { text-align:justify; } .has-text-align-justify{text-align:justify;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-4-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QzcxLzilNSS3WzyrWz01NyUxMzUnNTc0rQeEU5CRWphbp5qSmJyZX6uVm5uklFxfr6OPTDpRD5sM02efaGpoZmFkYGRuZGmQBAHPvL0Y=&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'> .jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em} </style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'> /*! This file is auto-generated */ .wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-8-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9jcEKg0AMRH+oaVhorR7Eb9E16IpZg8min2889FZ6GYbhPQYPgbhlo2zIBWQtU8qKcdvJd5be0AmmMfW0Ejv2jKoP/K0daZzIXNdvB6PzvyJ+A8MgO6mCJ6fCYLN/6e113IZXU9WfUL/DcgHSTkDo&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans: 'Albert Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya: Alegreya, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--arvo: Arvo, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda: 'Bodoni Moda', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque: 'Bricolage Grotesque', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cabin: Cabin, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--chivo: Chivo, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner: Commissioner, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant: Cormorant, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime: 'Courier Prime', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro: 'Crimson Pro', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono: 'DM Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans: 'DM Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display: 'DM Serif Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--domine: Domine, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond: 'EB Garamond', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue: Epilogue, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang: Fahkwang, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--figtree: Figtree, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans: 'Fira Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one: 'Fjalla One', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces: Fraunces, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito: Gabarito, system-ui;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono: 'IBM Plex Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans: 'IBM Plex Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova: 'Ibarra Real Nova', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif: 'Instrument Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--inter: Inter, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans: 'Josefin Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--jost: Jost, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville: 'Libre Baskerville', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin: 'Libre Franklin', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--literata: Literata, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--lora: Lora, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather: Merriweather, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat: Montserrat, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader: Newsreader, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono: 'Noto Sans Mono', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--nunito: Nunito, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans: 'Open Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--overpass: Overpass, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif: 'PT Serif', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--petrona: Petrona, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla: Piazzolla, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display: 'Playfair Display', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans: 'Plus Jakarta Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--poppins: Poppins, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--raleway: Raleway, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto: Roboto, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab: 'Roboto Slab', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rubik: Rubik, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--rufina: Rufina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--sora: Sora, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3: 'Source Sans 3', sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4: 'Source Serif 4', serif;--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono: 'Space Mono', monospace;--wp--preset--font-family--syne: Syne, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--texturina: Texturina, serif;--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist: Urbanist, sans-serif;--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans: 'Work Sans', sans-serif;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}.has-albert-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--albert-sans) !important;}.has-alegreya-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--alegreya) !important;}.has-arvo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--arvo) !important;}.has-bodoni-moda-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bodoni-moda) !important;}.has-bricolage-grotesque-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--bricolage-grotesque) !important;}.has-cabin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cabin) !important;}.has-chivo-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--chivo) !important;}.has-commissioner-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--commissioner) !important;}.has-cormorant-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--cormorant) !important;}.has-courier-prime-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--courier-prime) !important;}.has-crimson-pro-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--crimson-pro) !important;}.has-dm-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-mono) !important;}.has-dm-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-sans) !important;}.has-dm-serif-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--dm-serif-display) !important;}.has-domine-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--domine) !important;}.has-eb-garamond-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--eb-garamond) !important;}.has-epilogue-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--epilogue) !important;}.has-fahkwang-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fahkwang) !important;}.has-figtree-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--figtree) !important;}.has-fira-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fira-sans) !important;}.has-fjalla-one-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fjalla-one) !important;}.has-fraunces-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--fraunces) !important;}.has-gabarito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--gabarito) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-mono) !important;}.has-ibm-plex-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibm-plex-sans) !important;}.has-ibarra-real-nova-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--ibarra-real-nova) !important;}.has-instrument-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--instrument-serif) !important;}.has-inter-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--inter) !important;}.has-josefin-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--josefin-sans) !important;}.has-jost-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--jost) !important;}.has-libre-baskerville-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-baskerville) !important;}.has-libre-franklin-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--libre-franklin) !important;}.has-literata-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--literata) !important;}.has-lora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--lora) !important;}.has-merriweather-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--merriweather) !important;}.has-montserrat-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--montserrat) !important;}.has-newsreader-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--newsreader) !important;}.has-noto-sans-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--noto-sans-mono) !important;}.has-nunito-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--nunito) !important;}.has-open-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--open-sans) !important;}.has-overpass-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--overpass) !important;}.has-pt-serif-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--pt-serif) !important;}.has-petrona-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--petrona) !important;}.has-piazzolla-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--piazzolla) !important;}.has-playfair-display-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--playfair-display) !important;}.has-plus-jakarta-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--plus-jakarta-sans) !important;}.has-poppins-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--poppins) !important;}.has-raleway-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--raleway) !important;}.has-roboto-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto) !important;}.has-roboto-slab-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--roboto-slab) !important;}.has-rubik-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rubik) !important;}.has-rufina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--rufina) !important;}.has-sora-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--sora) !important;}.has-source-sans-3-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-sans-3) !important;}.has-source-serif-4-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--source-serif-4) !important;}.has-space-mono-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--space-mono) !important;}.has-syne-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--syne) !important;}.has-texturina-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--texturina) !important;}.has-urbanist-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--urbanist) !important;}.has-work-sans-font-family{font-family: var(--wp--preset--font-family--work-sans) !important;} :where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} :where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-10-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/wp-content/themes/pub/gateway/style.css?m=1603385923i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='gateway-fonts-css' href='https://fonts-api.wp.com/css?family=Quattrocento%3A400%2C700%7CFanwood+Text%3A400%2C400italic&subset=latin%2Clatin-ext' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-12-1' href='https://s2.wp.com/_static/??/wp-content/themes/pub/gateway/fonts/css/font-awesome.css,/wp-content/themes/pub/gateway/inc/style-wpcom.css?m=1433173455j&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'> .a-stats { --akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49; --akismet-color-white: #fff; --akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7; max-width: 350px; width: auto; } .a-stats * { all: unset; box-sizing: border-box; } .a-stats strong { font-weight: 600; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited, .a-stats a.a-stats__link:active { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); border: none; box-shadow: none; border-radius: 8px; color: var(--akismet-color-white); cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, 'Segoe UI', 'Roboto', 'Oxygen-Sans', 'Ubuntu', 'Cantarell', 'Helvetica Neue', sans-serif; font-weight: 500; padding: 12px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; transition: all 0.2s ease; } /* Extra specificity to deal with TwentyTwentyOne focus style */ .widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus { background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green); color: var(--akismet-color-white); text-decoration: none; } .a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover { filter: brightness(110%); box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.06), 0 0 2px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.16); } .a-stats .count { color: var(--akismet-color-white); display: block; font-size: 1.5em; line-height: 1.4; padding: 0 13px; white-space: nowrap; } </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-14-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/_static/??-eJzTLy/QTc7PK0nNK9HPLdUtyClNz8wr1i9KTcrJTwcy0/WTi5G5ekCujj52Temp+bo5+cmJJZn5eSgc3bScxMwikFb7XFtDE1NLExMLc0OTLACohS2q&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='print-css-15-1' href='https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/global-print/global-print.css?m=1465851035i&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='print' /> <style id='jetpack-global-styles-frontend-style-inline-css'> :root { --font-headings: unset; --font-base: unset; --font-headings-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif; --font-base-default: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,"Helvetica Neue",sans-serif;} </style> <link crossorigin='anonymous' rel='stylesheet' id='all-css-18-1' href='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNjcsKQjEMBX/ImlsQry7ET5GahrbXNCmmRfx7H7gRN+7OwGEGbs2hSifpUIdrPFIRg4V6C3j5MNgQqBoHk4HlcKUYYry/Z5G0RrMV/C06FUEwxRLYsSa1L/iR9Uz1mc0bSKznwK/DsR787Kd5P/ntbnkAuNBIYA==&cssminify=yes' type='text/css' media='all' /> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack_related-posts-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var related_posts_js_options = {"post_heading":"h4"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="wpcom-actionbar-placeholder-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var actionbardata = {"siteID":"14439209","postID":"477","siteURL":"http:\/\/oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com","xhrURL":"https:\/\/oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"cf4bc0afc7","isLoggedIn":"","statusMessage":"","subsEmailDefault":"instantly","proxyScriptUrl":"https:\/\/s0.wp.com\/wp-content\/js\/wpcom-proxy-request.js?ver=20211021","shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/pYAit-7H","i18n":{"followedText":"New posts from this site will now appear in your <a href=\"https:\/\/wordpress.com\/reader\">Reader<\/a>","foldBar":"Collapse this bar","unfoldBar":"Expand this bar","shortLinkCopied":"Shortlink copied to clipboard."}}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="jetpack-mu-wpcom-settings-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var JETPACK_MU_WPCOM_SETTINGS = {"assetsUrl":"https:\/\/s1.wp.com\/wp-content\/mu-plugins\/jetpack-mu-wpcom-plugin\/sun\/jetpack_vendor\/automattic\/jetpack-mu-wpcom\/src\/build\/"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJx9T9EKwjAM/CGzokX3JH6KbG0pnW1ak9a5v7eyITpRCBxJLncXMSZwqHzRhsVQ61oMTQs0wWEz8Eb8I0Fwlrps3skqYjaYvwXHpGKARPE+AZk647y+CQWSL9ZhvTU5deqy9IILinPNIfrivBZkfLXVkCJn/ux+ZCGfZ+/1rvfRvlzHSLrTDMp3zPPDKiRx2z0BMCJYnahKnMJx20rZHvZSyuEB9Jl63g=='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="rlt-proxy-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ rltInitialize( {"token":null,"iframeOrigins":["https:\/\/widgets.wp.com"]} ); /* ]]> */ </script> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress.com" /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://wp.me/pYAit-7H' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=json&url=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F16%2Fthe-byzness-42%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" /><link rel="alternate" type="application/xml+oembed" href="https://public-api.wordpress.com/oembed/?format=xml&url=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F16%2Fthe-byzness-42%2F&for=wpcom-auto-discovery" />  <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="The Byzness" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/" /> <meta property="og:description" content="= = = = = OXFORD BYZANTINE SOCIETY The Byzness, 16th October 2011   1. CALL FOR PAPERS 2. CONFERENCE PROGRAMS 3. STUDY OPPORTUNITIES 4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES   = = = = = 1. CALL FOR PA…" /> <meta property="article:published_time" content="2011-10-16T16:21:00+00:00" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2011-10-16T16:21:00+00:00" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS)" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=200" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="200" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="249643311490" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/WordPresscom" /> <meta name="twitter:text:title" content="The Byzness" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=240" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />  <link rel='openid.server' href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/?openidserver=1' /> <link rel='openid.delegate' href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/' /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/osd.xml" title="Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS)" /> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://s1.wp.com/opensearch.xml" title="WordPress.com" /> <style type="text/css"> .recentcomments a { display: inline !important; padding: 0 !important; margin: 0 !important; } table.recentcommentsavatartop img.avatar, table.recentcommentsavatarend img.avatar { border: 0px; margin: 0; } table.recentcommentsavatartop a, table.recentcommentsavatarend a { border: 0px !important; background-color: transparent !important; } td.recentcommentsavatarend, td.recentcommentsavatartop { padding: 0px 0px 1px 0px; margin: 0px; } td.recentcommentstextend { border: none !important; padding: 0px 0px 2px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstextend { padding: 0px 10px 2px 0px; } td.recentcommentstexttop { border: none; padding: 0px 0px 0px 10px; } .rtl td.recentcommentstexttop { padding: 0px 10px 0px 0px; } </style> <meta name="description" content="= = = = = OXFORD BYZANTINE SOCIETY The Byzness, 16th October 2011   1. CALL FOR PAPERS 2. CONFERENCE PROGRAMS 3. STUDY OPPORTUNITIES 4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES   = = = = = 1. CALL FOR PAPERS   2nd Interna,tional Symposium on the History, Culture and Civilization of Western Anatolian Principalities (Menteshe Principality) Mugla 25-28…" /> <style type="text/css"> .site-title, .site-description { position: absolute; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); } .header-bg { background-image: url( https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-header-theodore-2.png ); background-repeat: no-repeat; } @media screen and ( min-width: 50em ) { .header-bg { background-attachment: scroll; background-position: center; } } </style> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var wa_smart = { 'network_id': 3905, 'site_id': 474853, 'page_id': 1572546, 'blog_id': 14439209, 'post_id': 477, 'theme': 'pub/gateway', 'target': 'wp_blog_id=14439209;language=en', '_': { 'title': 'Advertisement', 'privacy_settings': 'Privacy Settings' }, 'top': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135099 }, 'inline': { 'enabled': true, 'format_id': 110354, 'max_slots': 20, 'max_blaze_slots': 20 }, 'belowpost': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134071 }, 'bottom_sticky': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 117571 }, 'sidebar': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134686 }, 'sidebar_sticky_right': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135281 }, 'gutenberg_rectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 134788 }, 'gutenberg_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135073 }, 'gutenberg_mobile_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135098 }, 'gutenberg_skyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 135088 }, 'sidebar_widget_mediumrectangle': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137624 }, 'sidebar_widget_leaderboard': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137625 }, 'sidebar_widget_wideskyscraper': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137626 }, 'shortcode': { 'enabled': false, 'format_id': 137678 } }; wa_smart.cmd = []; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> function __ATA_CC() {var v = document.cookie.match('(^|;) ?personalized-ads-consent=([^;]*)(;|$)');return v ? 1 : 0;} var __ATA_PP = { 'pt': 1, 'ht': 0, 'tn': 'gateway', 'uloggedin': 0, 'amp': false, 'consent': __ATA_CC(), 'gdpr_applies': false, 'ad': { 'label': { 'text': 'Advertisements' }, 'reportAd': { 'text': 'Report this ad' } }, 'disabled_slot_formats': [ 'IAD' ], 'siteid': 8982, 'blogid': 14439209, 'afp_ad_client': 'pub-2525073648898608' }; var __ATA = __ATA || {}; __ATA.cmd = __ATA.cmd || []; __ATA.criteo = __ATA.criteo || {}; __ATA.criteo.cmd = __ATA.criteo.cmd || []; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function(){var g=Date.now||function(){return+new Date};function h(a,b){a:{for(var c=a.length,d="string"==typeof a?a.split(""):a,e=0;e<c;e++)if(e in d&&b.call(void 0,d[e],e,a)){b=e;break a}b=-1}return 0>b?null:"string"==typeof a?a.charAt(b):a[b]};function k(a,b,c){c=null!=c?"="+encodeURIComponent(String(c)):"";if(b+=c){c=a.indexOf("#");0>c&&(c=a.length);var d=a.indexOf("?");if(0>d||d>c){d=c;var e=""}else e=a.substring(d+1,c);a=[a.substr(0,d),e,a.substr(c)];c=a[1];a[1]=b?c?c+"&"+b:b:c;a=a[0]+(a[1]?"?"+a[1]:"")+a[2]}return a};var l=0;function m(a,b){var c=document.createElement("script");c.src=a;c.onload=function(){b&&b(void 0)};c.onerror=function(){b&&b("error")};a=document.getElementsByTagName("head");var d;a&&0!==a.length?d=a[0]:d=document.documentElement;d.appendChild(c)}function n(a){var b=void 0===b?document.cookie:b;return(b=h(b.split("; "),function(c){return-1!=c.indexOf(a+"=")}))?b.split("=")[1]:""}function p(a){return"string"==typeof a&&0<a.length} function r(a,b,c){b=void 0===b?"":b;c=void 0===c?".":c;var d=[];Object.keys(a).forEach(function(e){var f=a[e],q=typeof f;"object"==q&&null!=f||"function"==q?d.push(r(f,b+e+c)):null!==f&&void 0!==f&&(e=encodeURIComponent(b+e),d.push(e+"="+encodeURIComponent(f)))});return d.filter(p).join("&")}function t(a,b){a||((window.__ATA||{}).config=b.c,m(b.url))}var u=Math.floor(1E13*Math.random()),v=window.__ATA||{};window.__ATA=v;window.__ATA.cmd=v.cmd||[];v.rid=u;v.createdAt=g();var w=window.__ATA||{},x="s.pubmine.com"; w&&w.serverDomain&&(x=w.serverDomain);var y="//"+x+"/conf",z=window.top===window,A=window.__ATA_PP&&window.__ATA_PP.gdpr_applies,B="boolean"===typeof A?Number(A):null,C=window.__ATA_PP||null,D=z?document.referrer?document.referrer:null:null,E=z?window.location.href:document.referrer?document.referrer:null,F,G=n("__ATA_tuuid");F=G?G:null;var H=window.innerWidth+"x"+window.innerHeight,I=n("usprivacy"),J=r({gdpr:B,pp:C,rid:u,src:D,ref:E,tuuid:F,vp:H,us_privacy:I?I:null},"","."); (function(a){var b=void 0===b?"cb":b;l++;var c="callback__"+g().toString(36)+"_"+l.toString(36);a=k(a,b,c);window[c]=function(d){t(void 0,d)};m(a,function(d){d&&t(d)})})(y+"?"+J);}).call(this); </script> <script> var sas_fallback = sas_fallback || []; sas_fallback.push( { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 120,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'belowpost' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 310,formFactor: \'001\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'inline' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 140,formFactor: \'003\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'sidebar' }, { tag: "<div id="atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}"></div><script>__ATA.cmd.push(function() {__ATA.initDynamicSlot({id: \'atatags-26942-{{unique_id}}\',location: 110,formFactor: \'002\',label: {text: \'Advertisements\',},creative: {reportAd: {text: \'Report this ad\',},privacySettings: {text: \'Privacy\',}}});});</script>", type: 'top' } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.doNotSellCallback = function() { var linkElements = [ 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_blog"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_website"]', 'a[href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=vertical_footer"]', 'a[href^="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_segment_"]', ].join(','); var dnsLink = document.createElement( 'a' ); dnsLink.href = 'https://wordpress.com/advertising-program-optout/'; dnsLink.classList.add( 'do-not-sell-link' ); dnsLink.rel = 'nofollow'; dnsLink.style.marginLeft = '0.5em'; dnsLink.textContent = 'Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information'; var creditLinks = document.querySelectorAll( linkElements ); if ( 0 === creditLinks.length ) { return false; } Array.prototype.forEach.call( creditLinks, function( el ) { el.insertAdjacentElement( 'afterend', dnsLink ); }); return true; }; </script> <style type="text/css" id="custom-colors-css">body, abbr, acronym, .comment-metadata, .comment-metadata a { color: #6D6D6D;} .site-footer { color: #A0A0A0;} .footer-widgets .jetpack_widget_social_icons a:hover { color: #8E8E8E;} .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget a:before, button:hover, button:focus, .button:hover, .button:focus, .footer-widgets .widget_tag_cloud a, .footer-widgets .wp_widget_tag_cloud a, .widget_tag_cloud a, .wp_widget_tag_cloud a, .footer-widgets .widget_tag_cloud a:hover, .footer-widgets .wp_widget_tag_cloud a:hover, .widget_tag_cloud a:hover, .wp_widget_tag_cloud a:hover, .site-title a, .site-description, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], button, .button, #infinite-handle span { color: #FFFFFF;} .site-footer .search-form input[type="search"] { color: #FFFFFF;} .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget a:hover before, html input[type="button"]:hover, input[type="reset"]:hover, input[type="submit"]:hover, #infinite-handle span:hover { color: #FFFFFF;} .entry-footer .left i { color: #6D6D6D;} abbr[title], .featured-image img, table, hr, .stick, .main-navigation ul ul { border-color: #dddddd;} abbr[title], .featured-image img, table, hr, .stick, .main-navigation ul ul { border-color: rgba( 221, 221, 221, 0.3 );} input[type="text"]:focus, input[type="password"]:focus, input[type="date"]:focus, input[type="datetime"]:focus, input[type="datetime-local"]:focus, input[type="month"]:focus, input[type="week"]:focus, input[type="email"]:focus, input[type="number"]:focus, input[type="search"]:focus, input[type="tel"]:focus, input[type="time"]:focus, input[type="url"]:focus, input[type="color"]:focus, textarea:focus { border-color: #999999;} input[type="text"]:focus, input[type="password"]:focus, input[type="date"]:focus, input[type="datetime"]:focus, input[type="datetime-local"]:focus, input[type="month"]:focus, input[type="week"]:focus, input[type="email"]:focus, input[type="number"]:focus, input[type="search"]:focus, input[type="tel"]:focus, input[type="time"]:focus, input[type="url"]:focus, input[type="color"]:focus, textarea:focus { border-color: rgba( 153, 153, 153, 0.3 );} blockquote, blockquote p { color: #6D6D6D;} table tr th, .comment-meta .fn a, .jetpack_widget_social_icons a:hover { color: #555555;} input[type="text"], input[type="password"], input[type="date"], input[type="datetime"], input[type="datetime-local"], input[type="month"], input[type="week"], input[type="email"], input[type="number"], input[type="search"], input[type="tel"], input[type="time"], input[type="url"], input[type="color"], textarea { color: #555555;} table tr td { color: #6D6D6D;} .main-navigation a, .single .hentry .right, #infinite-footer .blog-info a, #infinite-footer .blog-credits a { color: #666666;} .main-navigation ul li.menu-item-has-children > a:after, .main-navigation ul li.page_item_has_children > a:after { border-top-color: #666666;} .main-navigation ul ul li.menu-item-has-children > a:after, .main-navigation ul ul li.page_item_has_children > a:after { border-left-color: #666666;} .widget_archive ul, .widget_categories ul, .widget_pages ul, .widget_links ul, .widget_meta ul, .widget_recent_comments ul, .widget_recent_entries ul { color: #6D6D6D;} .main-navigation ul ul a { color: #6D6D6D;} .menu-toggle { color: #D6D6D6;} code { color: #333333;} .hentry.sticky { background-color: #f7fbff;} .hentry.sticky { background-color: rgba( 247, 251, 255, 0.2 );} body, .stick, table, .main-navigation ul ul { background-color: #ffffff;} #infinite-footer .container { background-color: #ffffff;} #infinite-footer .container { background-color: rgba( 255, 255, 255, 0.9 );} input[type="text"]:focus, input[type="password"]:focus, input[type="date"]:focus, input[type="datetime"]:focus, input[type="datetime-local"]:focus, input[type="month"]:focus, input[type="week"]:focus, input[type="email"]:focus, input[type="number"]:focus, input[type="search"]:focus, input[type="tel"]:focus, input[type="time"]:focus, input[type="url"]:focus, input[type="color"]:focus, textarea:focus { background-color: #FCFCFC;} input[type="text"], input[type="password"], input[type="date"], input[type="datetime"], input[type="datetime-local"], input[type="month"], input[type="week"], input[type="email"], input[type="number"], input[type="search"], input[type="tel"], input[type="time"], input[type="url"], input[type="color"], textarea, pre, .comment-body, code, .entry-footer .left, blockquote, table tr.even, table tr.alt, table tr:nth-of-type(even) { background-color: #F9F9F9;} code { border-color: #F7F7F7;} blockquote { border-color: #0d112a;} .widget_wpcom_social_media_icons_widget a:before, .widget_tag_cloud a, .wp_widget_tag_cloud a, .header-bg, html input[type="button"], input[type="reset"], input[type="submit"], button, .button, #infinite-handle span { background-color: #0d112a;} button:hover, button:focus, .button:hover, .button:focus { background-color: #070917;} #infinite-footer .blog-info a:hover, .main-navigation .current_page_item > a, .main-navigation .current-menu-item > a, .main-navigation .current_page_ancestor > a, .entry-footer .left i:hover, a, a:hover, a:focus, .main-navigation li:hover > a, .main-navigation li.focus > a { color: #0D112A;} .site-info a, .site-info a:hover, .site-info a:focus, .footer-widgets a, .footer-widgets a:hover, .footer-widgets a:focus { color: #989CE6;} h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6 { color: #393A3C;} .hentry h1 a, .hentry h2 a, .hentry h3 a, .hentry h4 a, .hentry h5 a { color: #393A3C;} .site-footer h1, .site-footer h2, .site-footer h3, .site-footer h4, .site-footer h5, .site-footer h6 { color: #A0A1A5;} </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=32" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=192" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=180" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=270" /> <script type="text/javascript"> window.google_analytics_uacct = "UA-52447-2"; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var _gaq = _gaq || []; _gaq.push(['_setAccount', 'UA-52447-2']); _gaq.push(['_gat._anonymizeIp']); _gaq.push(['_setDomainName', 'wordpress.com']); _gaq.push(['_initData']); _gaq.push(['_trackPageview']); (function() { var ga = document.createElement('script'); ga.type = 'text/javascript'; ga.async = true; ga.src = ('https:' == document.location.protocol ? 'https://ssl' : 'http://www') + '.google-analytics.com/ga.js'; (document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0] || document.getElementsByTagName('body')[0]).appendChild(ga); })(); </script> </head> <body class="post-template-default single single-post postid-477 single-format-standard customizer-styles-applied jetpack-reblog-enabled has-marketing-bar has-marketing-bar-theme-gateway"> <div id="page" class="hfeed site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content">Skip to content</a> <div class="header-bg"> <div class="site-branding"> <h1 class="site-title"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/" rel="home">Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS)</a></h1> <h2 class="site-description">The official website of the Oxford University Byzantine Society</h2> </div> </div> <header id="masthead" class="site-header" role="banner"> <div class="stick"> <nav id="site-navigation" class="main-navigation clear" role="navigation"> <button class="menu-toggle" aria-controls="primary-menu" aria-expanded="false">Menu</button> <div class="menu-main-menu-container"><ul id="primary-menu" class="menu"><li id="menu-item-3356" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-home menu-item-3356"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/">About OUBS / Contact Us</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3461" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current_page_parent menu-item-3461"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/newsfeed/">Newsfeed</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3402" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3402"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/oubs-history/">OUBS History</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4595" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4595"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/27th-oubs-conference/">27th OUBS International Graduate Conference (1st-2nd March, 2025)</a></li> <li id="menu-item-4519" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-4519"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/oubs-research-trip-to-georgia-2024/">OUBS Research Trip to Georgia, 2024</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3368" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3368"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/annual-international-graduate-conference-previous-conferences/">Annual International Graduate Conference / Previous Conferences</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3359" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-3359"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/newsletterthe-byzantinist/">Annual Newsletter / The Byzantinist</a></li> <li id="menu-item-3361" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category current-post-ancestor current-menu-parent current-post-parent menu-item-3361"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/byzness/">Weekly Newletter / The Byzness</a></li> </ul></div> </nav> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main" role="main"> <article id="post-477" class="post-477 post type-post status-publish format-standard hentry category-byzness"> <header class="entry-header"> <h3 class="entry-title">The Byzness</h3> <div class="entry-meta"> <span class="posted-on">Posted on <a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/" rel="bookmark"><time class="entry-date published updated" datetime="2011-10-16T16:21:00+00:00">October 16, 2011</time></a></span><span class="byline"> by <span class="author vcard"><a class="url fn n" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/author/obsoc/">obsoc</a></span></span> </div> </header> <div class="entry-content"> <p>= = = = =</p> <p>OXFORD BYZANTINE SOCIETY</p> <p>The Byzness, 16th October 2011</p> <p> </p> <p>1. CALL FOR PAPERS</p> <p>2. CONFERENCE PROGRAMS</p> <p>3. STUDY OPPORTUNITIES</p> <p>4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES</p> <p> </p> <p>= = = = =</p> <p>1. CALL FOR PAPERS</p> <p> </p> <p>2nd Interna,tional Symposium on the History, Culture and Civilization of Western Anatolian Principalities (Menteshe Principality)</p> <p>Mugla 25-28 April, 2012</p> <p> </p> <p>The series of symposiums on the Western Anatolian principilaties, a joint project of the universities of Aegean region and supported by the Turkish Historical Association, aim to present and promote research about each single principality of Western Anatolia. The second symposium of series, dedicated to the Menteshe principality will be held in Mugla on 25-28 April, 2012. Mugla University, founded in the Menteshe region, will host the symposium.</p> <p>The symposium subjects are as follows:<br /> Origin and foundation of the Menteshe principality<br /> The place and importance of Menteshe principality among the Western Anatolian principalities<br /> Relations of Menteshe principality with other states and principalites<br /> Architecture and art of Menteshe principality<br /> Wakfs and Wakfiyyes of Menteshe<br /> Religious and Cultural life in Menteshe period<br /> Trade and maritime life in Menteshe Principality<br /> Historical geography of Menteshe Principality</p> <p>Other subjects, if proposed, will be reviewed by the Scientific committee and could be included in the programme.<br /> Symposium Language: Turkish and English<br /> Deadline for sending the title and summary of papers: 30 October 2011<br /> Symposium Date: 25-28 April 2012</p> <p>Contact for sending papers and all other communications:<br /> e-mail: <a href="mailto:mentese.sempozyum@gmail.com">mentese.sempozyum@gmail.com</a><br /> Accomodation and travel: The travel and accomodation expenses of persons presenting papers in the symposium will be met by the University of Mugla.</p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>AUSTRALIAN ASSOCIATION FOR BYZANTINE STUDIES XVIITH BIENNIAL CONFERENCE: BYZANTIUM, ITS NEIGHBOURS AND ITS CULTURES: DIVERSITY AND INTERACTION</p> <p>20-22 July 2012, Macquarie University, New South Wales, Australia</p> <p><a href="http://home.vicnet.net.au/~byzaus/conferences/17th2012/">http://home.vicnet.net.au/~byzaus/conferences/17th2012/</a></p> <p> </p> <p>Our understanding of Byzantium’s external and internal interactions has shifted significantly as a result of recent scholarship. The significance of this state to a millennium of developments throughout Eurasia has been examined; more importantly, the nature of contacts between Byzantium and its Eurasian neighbours has been reconceived. Models for understanding Byzantium’s interactions with its neighbours have moved from imperial centre and periphery, to ‘commonwealth’, to ‘overlapping circles’, to parallel and mutual developments in political and cultural identity. The Byzantine millennium now seems more connected, by commerce, diplomacy and common cultural heritage, than before. Artefacts and ideologies were acquired, appropriated or mediated amongst Byzantium and its neighbours in the Latin West, southeastern and central Europe, Iran and Dar al-Islam; even prolonged conflict did not preclude exchanges and indeed sometimes sprang from shared developments. At the same time, what we think of as the distinctively Byzantine milieu of Constantinople also interacted with regional cultures that at various times formed part of its empire. Coptic and Syriac cultures in Late Antiquity, Latin and Arabic regions in later periods, displayed both ambivalence and engagement with the culture of Constantinople and with its imperial and ecclesiastical leaders. As with Byzantium’s external connections, ‘centre and periphery’ models of internal interactions are giving way to more dynamic models seeing metropolis and regions as parts of broader, common developments. The conference aims to explore these developments.</p> <p> </p> <p>Keynote Speaker:<br /> Professor Jonathan Shepard, University of Cambridge, former Lecturer in History at the University of Cambridge, Fellow of Selwyn College and of Peterhouse; his major publications include inter alia: Jonathan Shepard and Simon Franklin, ‘The Emergence of Rus, 750-1200’ (1996), Jonathan Shepard and Simon Franklin (eds), ‘Byzantine Diplomacy’ (1992), Jonathan Shepard, ‘Byzantium’s Overlapping Circles’, Proceedings of the 21st International Congress of Byzantine Studies (2006), Jonathan Shepard (ed.), ‘The Expansion of Orthodox Europe: Byzantium, the Balkans and Russia’ (2007), Jonathan Shepard (ed.), ‘The Cambridge History of the Byzantine Empire c. 500-1492′ (2008).</p> <p>The Biennial General Meeting of the Association will be held during the conference.</p> <p> </p> <p>CALL FOR PAPERS<br /> Papers exploring any aspect of cultural and political interactions between Byzantium and its neighbours, or within regions of the Byzantine empire, are invited. Abstracts of up to 300 words for papers of 20 minutes’ duration should be sent by 31 March to <a href="mailto:AABS2012@mq.edu.au">AABS2012@mq.edu.au</a>.</p> <p>Postgraduate and Post-doctoral Conference Bursaries</p> <p>The AABS committee will give a limited number of bursaries of $500 each to postgraduate and postdoctoral members of AABS from outside Sydney who wish to present a paper. Please send an application letter with details of your circumstances along with your abstract to <a href="mailto:AABS2012@mq.edu.au">AABS2012@mq.edu.au</a>.</p> <p> </p> <p>Conference Organisers<br /> Andrew Gillett<br /> Danijel Dzino<br /> Ken Parry</p> <p>Email: <a href="mailto:AABS2012@mq.edu.au">AABS2012@mq.edu.au</a></p> <p> </p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE: The Archaeology of Late Antique and Byzantine Cyprus (4th – 12th centuries AD): Recent Research and New Discoveries<br /> Nicosia, October 19-21, 2012</p> <p> </p> <p>CALL FOR PAPERS<br /> This conference aims to serve as an international scientific forum for archaeologists and other researchers, to present, in some cases for the first time, the results of their recent work. This could include archaeological excavations and field surveys, analyses of archaeological data using new analytical techniques and methodological tools, and new research projects on various aspects of the culture of Late Antique and Byzantine Cyprus, from architecture, painting and epigraphy to ceramics and numismatics. Contributions dealing with the period from the 7th century up to the 12th would be particularly welcome, considering the many grievous gaps in our knowledge and understanding of the material culture of the island following the end of Late Antiquity.</p> <p>We plan a three-day event, with individual contributions up to 20 minutes in length. The conference will take place at Nicosia between the 19th and the 21st of October, 2012. There is no registration fee.</p> <p>Prospective speakers are invited to submit a title and a 500-word abstract for consideration electronically, by January 15, 2012. Please send all materials and address all queries to Demetrios Michaelides (<a href="mailto:d.michaelides@ucy.ac.cy">d.michaelides@ucy.ac.cy</a>) and Maria Parani (<a href="mailto:mparani@ucy.ac.cy">mparani@ucy.ac.cy</a>).</p> <p>The Organizing and Scientific Committee<br /> Prof. Demetrios Michaelides, Director of Archaeological Research Unit<br /> Assist. Prof. Maria Parani, Department of History and Archaeology<br /> Maria Parani, D.Phil. Assistant Professor in Byzantine Art and Archaeology</p> <p> </p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>Byzantine authorship: theories and practices<br /> An international conference to be held at Durham University, 23th-25th July 2012</p> <p>Confirmed speakers: Margaret Mullett (Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection/Washington DC); Ingela Nilsson (University of Uppsala); Stratis Papaioannou (Brown University), Derek Krueger (University of North Carolina Greensboro).</p> <p>This international conference aims to bring together scholars working on Byzantine literature from many different angles in order to investigate explicit theories and actual practices of authorship in the Middle Byzantine period. The aim is to understand how a culture obsessed with tradition faced and conceptualized its own ideological shifts. Is it possible to single out new tendencies in the way classical authors were approached and valued? Does the emergence of new genres affect the notion of literary creation? Do contemporary textual practices promote a new attitude in reading the past tradition? Can we detect a more subjective approach to canonical authors? Can we outline one or more «implicit poetics» in texts describing the production and consumption of literary works? Do the way Byzantine commentators engage with their texts (both profane and sacred) change according to their social, religious, political or geographical background? Can we speak for Byzantium of «textual harrassment», as has been done for the latin Middle Ages? And, more importantly, how do commentators describe their strategies of interpretation or even manipulation? Finally, how do they posit themselves as compared to previous hermeneutical traditions?</p> <p>Please submit proposals for 40-minute papers, including a title and an abstract of no more than 400 words, by 6 January 2012; submissions from postgraduate students are also welcome.<br /> All enquiries and submissions: Dr Aglae Pizzone (<a href="mailto:aglae.pizzone@durham.ac.uk">aglae.pizzone@durham.ac.uk</a>), Department of Classics and Ancient History, 38 North Bailey, Durham University, Durham, UNITED KINGDOM, DH1 3EU.</p> <p><a href="http://www.dur.ac.uk/classics/events/upcoming_events/?eventno=11111">http://www.dur.ac.uk/classics/events/upcoming_events/?eventno=11111</a></p> <p> </p> <p>= = = = =</p> <p>2. CONFERENCE PROGRAMS</p> <p> </p> <p>CLAMS Study Day</p> <p>KCL, Thursday 10th November 2011</p> <p> </p> <p>‘The Dynamics of the Medieval Codex: Text and Image Study Day’ program is available here.</p> <p> </p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>Dumbarton Oaks Research Library and Collection: Byzantine Studies Public Lecture</p> <p>Thursday, November 10, 2011 At 5:30 p.m.</p> <p> </p> <p>A public lecture by Averil Cameron, “Dialogues in Byzantium: the long history of literary form”. To attend, please RSVP to: <a href="mailto:Byzantine2011@doaks.org">Byzantine2011@doaks.org</a> 202-339-6940.<br /> The lecture will be held in the Music Room at Dumbarton Oaks’s Main House located at 1703 32nd Street, NW, Washington DC.</p> <p> </p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>Memorial Lecture on Byzantine Scholars and the Union of the Churches by Professor Costas N. Constantinides</p> <p>The Hellenic Centre, 16-18 Paddington Street, Marylebone, London W1U 5AS on Tuesday 18th October 2011, at 7pm</p> <p> </p> <p>You are warmly invited to a Memorial Lecture on Byzantine Scholars and the Union of the Churches by Professor Costas N. Constantinides (University of Ioannina), on the occasion of the third anniversary of the passing away of Julian Chrysostomides (21.IV.1928-18.X.2008), Emeritus Reader in Byzantine History at the University of London and former Director of the Hellenic Institute at Royal Holloway, University of London (RHUL). Co-organised by The Hellenic Centre and RHUL Hellenic Institute the lecture will take place at The Hellenic Centre, 16-18 Paddington Street, Marylebone, London W1U 5AS on Tuesday 18th October 2011, at 7pm. The lecture will be followed by a reception. For further information please consult: <a href="http://www.helleniccentre.org/">http://www.helleniccentre.org/</a></p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>“A wonderful aspect and of abundant avail? Man and his Environment in the Byzantine Empire”</p> <p>Conference: November 17th and 18th in Mainz</p> <p> </p> <p>Program (in English and German) is available here.</p> <p> </p> <p>= = = = =</p> <p>3. STUDY OPPORTUNITIES</p> <p> </p> <p>2012 Greek Language Summer School at Dumbarton Oaks</p> <p>June 4 – 30, 2012</p> <p> </p> <p>Dumbarton Oaks will again offer an intensive four-week course in medieval Greek and paleography in the early summer of 2012. A limited number of places will be available for students from North America and Europe.</p> <p>Course Offerings<br /> The principal course will be a daily 1 ½ hour session devoted to the translation of sample Byzantine texts. Each week texts will be selected from a different genre, e.g., historiography, hagiography, poetry, and epistolography. Two afternoons a week hour-long sessions on paleography will be held. In addition each student will receive a minimum of one hour per week of individual tutorial. Students will also have the opportunity to view facsimiles of manuscripts in the Dumbarton Oaks Rare Books Collection, as well as original manuscripts in the Byzantine<br /> Collection. Thus approximately eleven hours per week will be devoted to formal classroom instruction. It is anticipated that students will require the remaining hours of the week to prepare their assignments. If they should have extra time, they may conduct personal research in the Dumbarton Oaks library.</p> <p>Faculty<br /> Alice-Mary Talbot, Dumbarton Oaks, emerita; Stratis Papaioannou, Brown University</p> <p>Accommodation and Costs<br /> No tuition fees will be charged. Successful candidates from outside the Washington area will be provided with housing at no cost and lunch on weekdays. Local area students will not be offered accommodation, but will receive free lunch on weekdays. Students are expected to cover their own transportation expenses.</p> <p>Requirements for Admission<br /> Applicants must be graduate students in a field of Byzantine studies (or advanced undergraduates with a strong background in Greek) at a North American or European university. Two years of college level ancient Greek (or the equivalent) are a prerequisite; a diagnostic test will be administered to finalist applicants before the final selection of successful candidates is made.</p> <p>Application Procedure<br /> Applicants should send a letter by January 16, 2012, to Dr. Margaret Mullett, Director of Byzantine Studies, describing their academic background, career goals, previous study of Greek, and reasons for wishing to attend the summer school. The application should also include a curriculum vitae and a transcript of the graduate school or undergraduate record. Two letters of recommendation should be sent separately, one from the student’s advisor, and one from an instructor in Greek, assessing the candidate’s present level of competence in ancient or medieval Greek. Principles of selection will include three considerations: previous meritorious achievement, need for intensive study of Byzantine Greek, and future direction of research. Awards will be announced in late February 2012, and must be accepted by March 15.<br /> Please send all required materials to:<br /> Dumbarton Oaks<br /> Program in Byzantine Studies<br /> 1703 32nd Street, NW<br /> Washington, DC 20007<br /> Tel.: 202-339-6940 FAX: 202-298-8409, E-mail: <a href="mailto:Byzantine2011@doaks.org">Byzantine2011@doaks.org</a></p> <p> </p> <p>[+]</p> <p> </p> <p>Council for British Research in the Levant Awards 2012-13</p> <p> </p> <p>The Council for British Research in the Levant (CBRL) aims to promote, sponsor and carry out high-quality research in the humanities and social sciences throughout the countries of the Levant: Cyprus, Israel, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine and Syria.</p> <p>Applications are invited for the following award schemes:</p> <p> </p> <p>Visiting Research Fellowships<br /> To enable established scholars in university posts (Senior Visiting Fellowships), early career postdoctoral candidates within three years of the award of PhD (Visiting Fellowships) and students conducting PhD/DPhil research (Visiting Scholarships) to spend a period of time based at one or more of the CBRL’s overseas institutes to conduct primary research, develop contacts, give lectures, and write up project results/publications derived from a thesis/research. Applicants for Senior Visiting Fellowships must be employed at a UK university, applicants for a Visiting Fellowship must be British or normally resident in the UK, applicants for Visiting Scholarships must be registered on a full-time doctoral degree in a UK university.<br /> Number varies; offered annually.<br /> Closing Date: 16 January 2012</p> <p> </p> <p>Pilot Study Awards<br /> These are intended to enable postdoctoral scholars to undertake initial exploratory work or a feasibility study as a preliminary to making applications for major funding to a Research Council, the British Academy or another body. Awards may be used to cover travel, round tables, seminars, or initial exploratory fieldwork and research. In addition, CBRL may assist such feasibility studies through the provision of its facilities and in establishing local contacts. To be eligible under this scheme, a project must involve an element of travel to (or from) the Middle East. Applicants should normally be either a British citizen or ordinarily resident in the UK.<br /> Number varies; offered annually; value up to £7,500<br /> Closing Date: 1 December 2011</p> <p> </p> <p>Travel Grants<br /> To cover costs of travel and subsistence of students, academics and researchers undertaking reconnaissance tours or smaller research projects (possibly as part of postgraduate degrees) in the countries of the Levant. Such grants are not awarded to assist individuals to join a project, where it could be seen as a hidden subsidy to the project in question. Applicants should normally be either a British Citizen or ordinarily resident in the UK or registered on a full-time degree at a UK University.<br /> Number varies; offered annually; value up to £800<br /> Closing Date: 16 January 2012</p> <p> </p> <p>Project Completion Grants<br /> CBRL has a policy of ensuring the completion of research projects, including a small number of ‘back-log’ projects inherited from its predecessors, the BSAJ and BIAAH. In some cases this includes support for additional analytical work, in others for support to produce final publication manuscripts, to complete project archives, or to repatriate research materials to the appropriate authorities in the region. CBRL has limited funds available to help such work. At present most of these funds are dedicated to completing projects that have been prioritized by the CBRL Research Committee, but it may be possible to provide some small-scale support to other researchers.<br /> Closing Date: 1 December 2011</p> <p> </p> <p>Guidance notes and application forms for the above schemes are available at:<br /> <a href="<a href="http://www.cbrl.org.uk/support.htmlhttp://www.cbrl.org.uk/support.html<http://email.britac.ac.uk/_act/link.php?mId=A8299442466931281436296402420&tId=9419304" rel="nofollow">http://www.cbrl.org.uk/support.htmlhttp://www.cbrl.org.uk/support.html<http://email.britac.ac.uk/_act/link.php?mId=A8299442466931281436296402420&tId=9419304</a></a>></p> <p> </p> <p>= = = = =</p> <p>4. EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES</p> <p> </p> <p>Cornell University, Department of the History of Art</p> <p>The Department of the History of Art invites applications for a tenure-track assistant professor to begin fall semester 2012. We are searching in two areas and plan to conduct interviews at the College Art Association for candidates in both fields. Comparative and interdisciplinary interests are encouraged. The PhD must be completed by Fall 2012. We will accept and review applications on a rolling basis until November 21st. The first area is Ancient and/or Colonial Latin American Visual Culture with emphasis on the visual arts of South America and the Caribbean. Ideally, the successful candidate would teach courses in both time periods. The chronological frame is flexible. We are especially interested in applicants with broad theoretical knowledge and interest in issues of indigeneity. The second area is the Visual Culture of Byzantium in the Mediterranean World, 500-1200 A.D. The department seeks a specialist in the visual culture of Byzantium with broad-ranging interdisciplinary and comparative interests, with a desired chronological spectrum of specialization from 500-1200 A.D. We are particularly interested in candidates who consider Byzantium and its culture in relation to the Islamic world, and/or to the ‘Catholic West,’ and who possess the linguistic portfolio to carry out in-depth research in the area of comparison. Priority will be given to those applications received by Nov. 15th. Electronic applications are required. Applicants may apply at <a href="https://academicjobsonline.org/ajo/jobs/1070">https://academicjobsonline.org/ajo/jobs/1070</a>. All required elements of the application may be uploaded to the online site. Cornell is an Affirmative Action, Equal Opportunity Employer and Educator.</p> <div id="atatags-370373-67c03096e7ec8"> <script type="text/javascript"> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initVideoSlot('atatags-370373-67c03096e7ec8', { sectionId: '370373', format: 'inread' }); }); </script> </div><span id="wordads-inline-marker" style="display: none;"></span> <div id="atatags-26942-67c03096e7f6d"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-26942-67c03096e7f6d', location: 120, formFactor: '001', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script><div id="jp-post-flair" class="sharedaddy sd-like-enabled sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="sharedaddy sd-sharing-enabled"><div class="robots-nocontent sd-block sd-social sd-social-icon-text sd-sharing"><h3 class="sd-title">Share this:</h3><div class="sd-content"><ul><li class="share-facebook"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-facebook-477" class="share-facebook sd-button share-icon" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/?share=facebook" target="_blank" title="Click to share on Facebook" ><span>Facebook</span></a></li><li class="share-x"><a rel="nofollow noopener noreferrer" data-shared="sharing-x-477" class="share-x sd-button share-icon" href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/?share=x" target="_blank" title="Click to share on X" ><span>X</span></a></li><li class="share-end"></li></ul></div></div></div><div class='sharedaddy sd-block sd-like jetpack-likes-widget-wrapper jetpack-likes-widget-unloaded' id='like-post-wrapper-14439209-477-67c03096e8b4f' data-src='//widgets.wp.com/likes/index.html?ver=20250227#blog_id=14439209&post_id=477&origin=oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com&obj_id=14439209-477-67c03096e8b4f' data-name='like-post-frame-14439209-477-67c03096e8b4f' data-title='Like or Reblog'><div class='likes-widget-placeholder post-likes-widget-placeholder' style='height: 55px;'><span class='button'><span>Like</span></span> <span class='loading'>Loading...</span></div><span class='sd-text-color'></span><a class='sd-link-color'></a></div> <div id='jp-relatedposts' class='jp-relatedposts' > <h3 class="jp-relatedposts-headline"><em>Related</em></h3> </div></div> </div> <footer class="entry-footer clear"> <span class="left"> <a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/"><i class="fa fa-link"></i></a> </span> <span class="right"><span class="cat-links">Posted in <a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/byzness/" rel="category tag">Byzness</a></span></span> </footer> </article> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Posts"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Post navigation</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/09/mt-w1/" rel="prev">MT W1</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/mt-w2-3/" rel="next">MT W2</a></div></div> </nav> <hr> </main> </div> <div id="secondary" class="widget-area" role="complementary"> <aside id="categories-4" class="widget widget_categories"><h1 class="widget-title">Categories</h1> <ul> <li class="cat-item cat-item-38298973"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/byzness/">Byzness</a> (591) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-120116935"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/international-graduate-conference-2013/">International Graduate Conference 2013</a> (2) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-201451646"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/international-graduate-conference-2014/">International Graduate Conference 2014</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-294498196"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/special-announcements/international-graduate-conference-2015/">International Graduate Conference 2015</a> (6) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-593921825"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/international-graduate-conference-2018/">International Graduate Conference 2018</a> (1) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-38533773"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/oxford-listings/">Oxford Listings</a> (115) </li> <li class="cat-item cat-item-24254"><a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/category/special-announcements/">Special Announcements</a> (3) </li> </ul> </aside><aside id="media_image-5" class="widget widget_media_image"><style>.widget.widget_media_image { overflow: hidden; }.widget.widget_media_image img { height: auto; max-width: 100%; }</style><img width="748" height="745" src="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png" class="image wp-image-2906 alignnone attachment-full size-full" alt="" decoding="async" loading="lazy" style="max-width: 100%; height: auto;" srcset="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=748&h=745 748w, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=1496&h=1490 1496w, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=150&h=150 150w, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=300&h=300 300w, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=768&h=765 768w, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=1024&h=1020 1024w" sizes="(max-width: 748px) 100vw, 748px" data-attachment-id="2906" data-permalink="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/oubs-logo-full-resolution/" data-orig-file="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png" data-orig-size="2455,2445" data-comments-opened="0" data-image-meta="{"aperture":"0","credit":"","camera":"","caption":"","created_timestamp":"0","copyright":"","focal_length":"0","iso":"0","shutter_speed":"0","title":"","orientation":"0"}" data-image-title="OUBS LOGO FULL RESOLUTION" data-image-description="" data-image-caption="" data-medium-file="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=300" data-large-file="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/oubs-logo-full-resolution.png?w=748" /></aside><aside id="linkcat-25381" class="widget widget_links"><h1 class="widget-title">Useful Links</h1> <ul class='xoxo blogroll'> <li><a href="http://www.aembyzantin.com">Association des Etudiants du Monde Byzantin</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/byzstud/graduate_students/index.html">Late Antique and Byzantine Studies at Oxford</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.manar-al-athar.ox.ac.uk/" title="The Manar al-Athar open-access website, based at the University of Oxford, aims to provide high resolution, searchable images for teaching, research, and publication.">Manar al-Athar Photo Archive</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ocbr.ox.ac.uk/Home.html">Oxford Centre for Byzantine Research</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.ocla.ox.ac.uk/">Oxford Centre for Late Antiquity</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.history.ox.ac.uk/medieval/index.htm">Oxford Centre for Medieval History</a></li> <li><a href="http://www.byzantium.ac.uk/">Society for the Promotion of Byzantine Studies</a></li> </ul> </aside> <aside id="search-3" class="widget widget_search"><form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/"> <label> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> </label> <input type="submit" class="search-submit" value="Search" /> </form></aside><aside id="archives-3" class="widget widget_archive"><h1 class="widget-title">Archives</h1> <ul> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2024/12/'>December 2024</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2024/11/'>November 2024</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2024/10/'>October 2024</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2024/09/'>September 2024</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/10/'>October 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/08/'>August 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/07/'>July 2023</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/06/'>June 2023</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/05/'>May 2023</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/04/'>April 2023</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/03/'>March 2023</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/02/'>February 2023</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2023/01/'>January 2023</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/12/'>December 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/11/'>November 2022</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/10/'>October 2022</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/09/'>September 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/08/'>August 2022</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/07/'>July 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/06/'>June 2022</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/05/'>May 2022</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/04/'>April 2022</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/03/'>March 2022</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/02/'>February 2022</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2022/01/'>January 2022</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/12/'>December 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/11/'>November 2021</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/10/'>October 2021</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/09/'>September 2021</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/08/'>August 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/03/'>March 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/02/'>February 2021</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2021/01/'>January 2021</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/11/'>November 2020</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/10/'>October 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/09/'>September 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/08/'>August 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/07/'>July 2020</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/06/'>June 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/05/'>May 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/03/'>March 2020</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/02/'>February 2020</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2020/01/'>January 2020</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/12/'>December 2019</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/11/'>November 2019</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/10/'>October 2019</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/09/'>September 2019</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/08/'>August 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/07/'>July 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/06/'>June 2019</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/05/'>May 2019</a> (10)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/04/'>April 2019</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/03/'>March 2019</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/02/'>February 2019</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2019/01/'>January 2019</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/12/'>December 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/11/'>November 2018</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/10/'>October 2018</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/09/'>September 2018</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/08/'>August 2018</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/07/'>July 2018</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/06/'>June 2018</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/05/'>May 2018</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/04/'>April 2018</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/03/'>March 2018</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/02/'>February 2018</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2018/01/'>January 2018</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/12/'>December 2017</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/11/'>November 2017</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/10/'>October 2017</a> (10)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/09/'>September 2017</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/08/'>August 2017</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/07/'>July 2017</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/06/'>June 2017</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/05/'>May 2017</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/04/'>April 2017</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/03/'>March 2017</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/02/'>February 2017</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2017/01/'>January 2017</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/12/'>December 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/11/'>November 2016</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/10/'>October 2016</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/09/'>September 2016</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/08/'>August 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/07/'>July 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/06/'>June 2016</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/05/'>May 2016</a> (10)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/04/'>April 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/03/'>March 2016</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/02/'>February 2016</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2016/01/'>January 2016</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/12/'>December 2015</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/11/'>November 2015</a> (10)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/10/'>October 2015</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/09/'>September 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/08/'>August 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/07/'>July 2015</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/06/'>June 2015</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/05/'>May 2015</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/04/'>April 2015</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/03/'>March 2015</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/02/'>February 2015</a> (13)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2015/01/'>January 2015</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/12/'>December 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/11/'>November 2014</a> (13)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/10/'>October 2014</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/09/'>September 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/08/'>August 2014</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/07/'>July 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/06/'>June 2014</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/05/'>May 2014</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/04/'>April 2014</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/03/'>March 2014</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/02/'>February 2014</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2014/01/'>January 2014</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/12/'>December 2013</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/11/'>November 2013</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/10/'>October 2013</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/09/'>September 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/08/'>August 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/07/'>July 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/06/'>June 2013</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/05/'>May 2013</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/04/'>April 2013</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/03/'>March 2013</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/02/'>February 2013</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2013/01/'>January 2013</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/12/'>December 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/11/'>November 2012</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/10/'>October 2012</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/09/'>September 2012</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/08/'>August 2012</a> (1)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/07/'>July 2012</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/06/'>June 2012</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/05/'>May 2012</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/04/'>April 2012</a> (5)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/03/'>March 2012</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/02/'>February 2012</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2012/01/'>January 2012</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/12/'>December 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/11/'>November 2011</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/'>October 2011</a> (9)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/09/'>September 2011</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/08/'>August 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/07/'>July 2011</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/06/'>June 2011</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/05/'>May 2011</a> (8)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/04/'>April 2011</a> (2)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/03/'>March 2011</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/02/'>February 2011</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/01/'>January 2011</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/11/'>November 2010</a> (7)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/10/'>October 2010</a> (6)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/09/'>September 2010</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/08/'>August 2010</a> (4)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/07/'>July 2010</a> (3)</li> <li><a href='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2010/06/'>June 2010</a> (1)</li> </ul> </aside> <div id="atatags-286348-67c03096ebfc7"></div> <script> __ATA.cmd.push(function() { __ATA.initDynamicSlot({ id: 'atatags-286348-67c03096ebfc7', location: 140, formFactor: '003', label: { text: 'Advertisements', }, creative: { reportAd: { text: 'Report this ad', }, privacySettings: { text: 'Privacy', } } }); }); </script> </div> </div> <div class="footer-wrap clear"> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer" role="contentinfo"> <div class="footer-widgets"> <div class="widget-area"> <aside id="text-5" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p>Header Image: The eleventh-century <em>Theodore Psalter</em> (BL Add. MS 19352), f.190r. This image is in the <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodore_Psalter_page_190r_Samuel_and_David.jpg">public domain</a>. Digitized manuscript available <a href="http://www.bl.uk/manuscripts/Viewer.aspx?ref=add_ms_19352_f190r">here</a>.</p> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="widget-area"> </div> <div class="widget-area"> </div> </div> <div class="site-info"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/?ref=footer_custom_com" rel="nofollow">Website Built with WordPress.com</a>. </div> </footer> </div> </div>  <div style="display:none"> </div> <script type="text/javascript"> ( function() { function init() { document.body.addEventListener( 'is.post-load', function() { if ( typeof __ATA.insertInlineAds === 'function' ) { __ATA.insertInlineAds(); } } ); } if ( document.readyState !== 'loading' ) { init(); } else { document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', init ); } } )(); </script>  <script type="text/javascript"> ( function () { var setupPrivacy = function() { // Minimal Mozilla Cookie library // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/Document/cookie/Simple_document.cookie_framework var cookieLib = window.cookieLib = {getItem:function(e){return e&&decodeURIComponent(document.cookie.replace(new RegExp("(?:(?:^|.*;)\\s*"+encodeURIComponent(e).replace(/[\-\.\+\*]/g,"\\$&")+"\\s*\\=\\s*([^;]*).*$)|^.*$"),"$1"))||null},setItem:function(e,o,n,t,r,i){if(!e||/^(?:expires|max\-age|path|domain|secure)$/i.test(e))return!1;var c="";if(n)switch(n.constructor){case Number:c=n===1/0?"; expires=Fri, 31 Dec 9999 23:59:59 GMT":"; max-age="+n;break;case String:c="; expires="+n;break;case Date:c="; expires="+n.toUTCString()}return"rootDomain"!==r&&".rootDomain"!==r||(r=(".rootDomain"===r?".":"")+document.location.hostname.split(".").slice(-2).join(".")),document.cookie=encodeURIComponent(e)+"="+encodeURIComponent(o)+c+(r?"; domain="+r:"")+(t?"; path="+t:"")+(i?"; secure":""),!0}}; // Implement IAB USP API. window.__uspapi = function( command, version, callback ) { // Validate callback. if ( typeof callback !== 'function' ) { return; } // Validate the given command. if ( command !== 'getUSPData' || version !== 1 ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Check for GPC. If set, override any stored cookie. if ( navigator.globalPrivacyControl ) { callback( { version: 1, uspString: '1YYN' }, true ); return; } // Check for cookie. var consent = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Invalid cookie. if ( null === consent ) { callback( null, false ); return; } // Everything checks out. Fire the provided callback with the consent data. callback( { version: 1, uspString: consent }, true ); }; // Initialization. document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', function() { // Internal functions. var setDefaultOptInCookie = function() { var value = '1YNN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 365 * 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultOptOutCookie = function() { var value = '1YYN'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setDefaultNotApplicableCookie = function() { var value = '1---'; var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'usprivacy', value, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); }; var setCcpaAppliesCookie = function( applies ) { var domain = '.wordpress.com' === location.hostname.slice( -14 ) ? '.rootDomain' : location.hostname; cookieLib.setItem( 'ccpa_applies', applies, 24 * 60 * 60, '/', domain ); } var maybeCallDoNotSellCallback = function() { if ( 'function' === typeof window.doNotSellCallback ) { return window.doNotSellCallback(); } return false; } // Look for usprivacy cookie first. var usprivacyCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'usprivacy' ); // Found a usprivacy cookie. if ( null !== usprivacyCookie ) { // If the cookie indicates that CCPA does not apply, then bail. if ( '1---' === usprivacyCookie ) { return; } // CCPA applies, so call our callback to add Do Not Sell link to the page. maybeCallDoNotSellCallback(); // We're all done, no more processing needed. return; } // We don't have a usprivacy cookie, so check to see if we have a CCPA applies cookie. var ccpaCookie = cookieLib.getItem( 'ccpa_applies' ); // No CCPA applies cookie found, so we'll need to geolocate if this visitor is from California. // This needs to happen client side because we do not have region geo data in our $SERVER headers, // only country data -- therefore we can't vary cache on the region. if ( null === ccpaCookie ) { var request = new XMLHttpRequest(); request.open( 'GET', 'https://public-api.wordpress.com/geo/', true ); request.onreadystatechange = function () { if ( 4 === this.readyState ) { if ( 200 === this.status ) { // Got a geo response. Parse out the region data. var data = JSON.parse( this.response ); var region = data.region ? data.region.toLowerCase() : ''; var ccpa_applies = ['california', 'colorado', 'connecticut', 'delaware', 'indiana', 'iowa', 'montana', 'new jersey', 'oregon', 'tennessee', 'texas', 'utah', 'virginia'].indexOf( region ) > -1; // Set CCPA applies cookie. This keeps us from having to make a geo request too frequently. setCcpaAppliesCookie( ccpa_applies ); // Check if CCPA applies to set the proper usprivacy cookie. if ( ccpa_applies ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } else { // Could not geo, so let's assume for now that CCPA applies to be safe. setCcpaAppliesCookie( true ); if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } } }; // Send the geo request. request.send(); } else { // We found a CCPA applies cookie. if ( ccpaCookie === 'true' ) { if ( maybeCallDoNotSellCallback() ) { // Do Not Sell link added, so set default opt-in. setDefaultOptInCookie(); } else { // Failed showing Do Not Sell link as required, so default to opt-OUT just to be safe. setDefaultOptOutCookie(); } } else { // CCPA does not apply. setDefaultNotApplicableCookie(); } } } ); }; // Kickoff initialization. if ( window.defQueue && defQueue.isLOHP && defQueue.isLOHP === 2020 ) { defQueue.items.push( setupPrivacy ); } else { setupPrivacy(); } } )(); </script>  <div class="widget widget_eu_cookie_law_widget"> <div class="hide-on-button ads-active" data-hide-timeout="30" data-consent-expiration="180" id="eu-cookie-law" style="display: none" > <form method="post"> <input type="submit" value="Close and accept" class="accept" /> Privacy & Cookies: This site uses cookies. By continuing to use this website, you agree to their use. <br /> To find out more, including how to control cookies, see here: <a href="https://automattic.com/cookies/" rel="nofollow"> Cookie Policy </a> </form> </div> </div> <div id="actionbar" dir="ltr" style="display: none;" class="actnbr-pub-gateway actnbr-has-follow actnbr-has-actions"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-reblog" href=""> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-reblog" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M22.086 9.914L20 7.828V18c0 1.105-.895 2-2 2h-7v-2h7V7.828l-2.086 2.086L14.5 8.5 19 4l4.5 4.5-1.414 1.414zM6 16.172V6h7V4H6c-1.105 0-2 .895-2 2v10.172l-2.086-2.086L.5 15.5 5 20l4.5-4.5-1.414-1.414L6 16.172z"/></g></svg><span>Reblog</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-btn actnbr-hidden"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-notice" id="follow-bubble"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner actnbr-follow-bubble"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=50' srcset='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=50 1x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=75 1.5x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=100 2x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=150 3x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=200 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS) </a> </li> <div class="actnbr-message no-display"></div> <form method="post" action="https://subscribe.wordpress.com" accept-charset="utf-8" style="display: none;"> <div class="actnbr-follow-count">Join 246 other subscribers</div> <div> <input type="email" name="email" placeholder="Enter your email address" class="actnbr-email-field" aria-label="Enter your email address" /> </div> <input type="hidden" name="action" value="subscribe" /> <input type="hidden" name="blog_id" value="14439209" /> <input type="hidden" name="source" value="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/" /> <input type="hidden" name="sub-type" value="actionbar-follow" /> <input type="hidden" id="_wpnonce" name="_wpnonce" value="1cc200e2d1" /> <div class="actnbr-button-wrap"> <button type="submit" value="Sign me up"> Sign me up </button> </div> </form> <li class="actnbr-login-nudge"> <div> Already have a WordPress.com account? <a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F16%2Fthe-byzness-42%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in now.</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> <li class="actnbr-ellipsis actnbr-hidden"> <svg class="gridicon gridicons-ellipsis" height="24" width="24" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M7 12c0 1.104-.896 2-2 2s-2-.896-2-2 .896-2 2-2 2 .896 2 2zm12-2c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2zm-7 0c-1.104 0-2 .896-2 2s.896 2 2 2 2-.896 2-2-.896-2-2-2z"/></g></svg> <div class="actnbr-popover tip tip-top-left actnbr-more"> <div class="tip-arrow"></div> <div class="tip-inner"> <ul> <li class="actnbr-sitename"> <a href="https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com"> <img loading='lazy' alt='' src='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=50' srcset='https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=50 1x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=75 1.5x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=100 2x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=150 3x, https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/cropped-oubs-logo-with-white-background.png?w=200 4x' class='avatar avatar-50' height='50' width='50' /> Oxford University Byzantine Society (OUBS) </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-folded-follow"> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-follow " href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path clip-rule="evenodd" d="m4 4.5h12v6.5h1.5v-6.5-1.5h-1.5-12-1.5v1.5 10.5c0 1.1046.89543 2 2 2h7v-1.5h-7c-.27614 0-.5-.2239-.5-.5zm10.5 2h-9v1.5h9zm-5 3h-4v1.5h4zm3.5 1.5h-1v1h1zm-1-1.5h-1.5v1.5 1 1.5h1.5 1 1.5v-1.5-1-1.5h-1.5zm-2.5 2.5h-4v1.5h4zm6.5 1.25h1.5v2.25h2.25v1.5h-2.25v2.25h-1.5v-2.25h-2.25v-1.5h2.25z" fill-rule="evenodd"></path></svg> <span>Subscribe</span> </a> <a class="actnbr-action actnbr-actn-following no-display" href=""> <svg class="gridicon" height="20" width="20" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 20 20"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M16 4.5H4V15C4 15.2761 4.22386 15.5 4.5 15.5H11.5V17H4.5C3.39543 17 2.5 16.1046 2.5 15V4.5V3H4H16H17.5V4.5V12.5H16V4.5ZM5.5 6.5H14.5V8H5.5V6.5ZM5.5 9.5H9.5V11H5.5V9.5ZM12 11H13V12H12V11ZM10.5 9.5H12H13H14.5V11V12V13.5H13H12H10.5V12V11V9.5ZM5.5 12H9.5V13.5H5.5V12Z" fill="#008A20"></path><path class="following-icon-tick" d="M13.5 16L15.5 18L19 14.5" stroke="#008A20" stroke-width="1.5"></path></svg> <span>Subscribed</span> </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-signup"><a href="https://wordpress.com/start/">Sign up</a></li> <li class="actnbr-login"><a href="https://wordpress.com/log-in?redirect_to=https%3A%2F%2Foxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com%2F2011%2F10%2F16%2Fthe-byzness-42%2F&signup_flow=account">Log in</a></li> <li class="actnbr-shortlink"> <a href="https://wp.me/pYAit-7H"> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__text">Copy shortlink</span> <span class="actnbr-shortlink__icon"><svg class="gridicon gridicons-checkmark" height="16" width="16" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><g><path d="M9 19.414l-6.707-6.707 1.414-1.414L9 16.586 20.293 5.293l1.414 1.414"/></g></svg></span> </a> </li> <li class="flb-report"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/abuse/?report_url=https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com/2011/10/16/the-byzness-42/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> Report this content </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-reader"> <a href="https://wordpress.com/reader/blogs/14439209/posts/477"> View post in Reader </a> </li> <li class="actnbr-subs"> <a href="https://subscribe.wordpress.com/">Manage subscriptions</a> </li> <li class="actnbr-fold"><a href="">Collapse this bar</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <script> window.addEventListener( "load", function( event ) { var link = document.createElement( "link" ); link.href = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.css?v=20250116"; link.type = "text/css"; link.rel = "stylesheet"; document.head.appendChild( link ); var script = document.createElement( "script" ); script.src = "https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/mu-plugins/actionbar/actionbar.js?v=20250204"; script.defer = true; document.body.appendChild( script ); } ); </script> <script type="text/javascript"> window.WPCOM_sharing_counts = {"https:\/\/oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com\/2011\/10\/16\/the-byzness-42\/":477}; </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://s1.wp.com/wp-content/js/mobile-useragent-info.js?m=1609849039i&ver=20241018" id="mobile-useragent-info-js" defer="defer" data-wp-strategy="defer"></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-extra"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var sharing_js_options = {"lang":"en","counts":"1","is_stats_active":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" id="custom-content-types-data-js-before"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE; typeof CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE === "object" || (CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22active%22%3Atrue%2C%22over_ride%22%3Afalse%2C%22should_show_testimonials%22%3Atrue%2C%22should_show_portfolios%22%3Atrue%7D"))); /* ]]> */ </script> <script crossorigin='anonymous' type='text/javascript' src='https://s0.wp.com/_static/??-eJyNkMFqAzEMRH+ojlhCyKn0U4rWVrxay7K7srPN39cphZYcQm8a6c0wCPbqfNFG2mCWEl2VHlkN9rIFDOa8oBkZrGOFTQ6rvcAfT+6/Dg6RmgH1cS2JyQnu0ChXwUYP+yc5wmnQH506LahBaHuE20J5ILXPEEf0jrd7PcUrD8lF/8db4uqENblL8d3chT+ftFqpVfTpR4N1hXdWD3NnCWALbjT+FW7fI2s8ZL73eMuv0/l4Pp2O0zStXzAuiHk='></script> <script type="text/javascript" id="sharing-js-js-after"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-facebook' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomfacebook', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=400' ); return false; } } ); } )(); var windowOpen; ( function () { function matches( el, sel ) { return !! ( el.matches && el.matches( sel ) || el.msMatchesSelector && el.msMatchesSelector( sel ) ); } document.body.addEventListener( 'click', function ( event ) { if ( ! event.target ) { return; } var el; if ( matches( event.target, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target; } else if ( event.target.parentNode && matches( event.target.parentNode, 'a.share-x' ) ) { el = event.target.parentNode; } if ( el ) { event.preventDefault(); // If there's another sharing window open, close it. if ( typeof windowOpen !== 'undefined' ) { windowOpen.close(); } windowOpen = window.open( el.getAttribute( 'href' ), 'wpcomx', 'menubar=1,resizable=1,width=600,height=350' ); return false; } } ); } )(); /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript"> (function () { var wpcom_reblog = { source: 'toolbar', toggle_reblog_box_flair: function (obj_id, post_id) { // Go to site selector. This will redirect to their blog if they only have one. const postEndpoint = `https://wordpress.com/post`; // Ideally we would use the permalink here, but fortunately this will be replaced with the // post permalink in the editor. const originalURL = `${ document.location.href }?page_id=${ post_id }`; const url = postEndpoint + '?url=' + encodeURIComponent( originalURL ) + '&is_post_share=true' + '&v=5'; const redirect = function () { if ( ! window.open( url, '_blank' ) ) { location.href = url; } }; if ( /Firefox/.test( navigator.userAgent ) ) { setTimeout( redirect, 0 ); } else { redirect(); } }, }; window.wpcom_reblog = wpcom_reblog; })(); </script> <iframe src='https://widgets.wp.com/likes/master.html?ver=20250227#ver=20250227&origin=https://oxfordbyzantinesociety.wordpress.com' scrolling='no' id='likes-master' name='likes-master' style='display:none;'></iframe> <div id='likes-other-gravatars' class='wpl-new-layout' role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> <div class="likes-text"> <span>%d</span> </div> <ul class="wpl-avatars sd-like-gravatars"></ul> </div> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?68" defer></script> <script type="text/javascript"> _tkq = window._tkq || []; _stq = window._stq || []; _tkq.push(['storeContext', {'blog_id':'14439209','blog_tz':'0','user_lang':'en','blog_lang':'en','user_id':'0'}]); _stq.push(['view', {'blog':'14439209','v':'wpcom','tz':'0','user_id':'0','post':'477','subd':'oxfordbyzantinesociety'}]); _stq.push(['extra', {'crypt':'UE5XaGUuOTlwaD85flAmcm1mcmZsaDhkV11YdWtpP0NsWnVkPS9sL0ViLndld3BsSjRjQ0FmMWk0bjhwYkI9bVh4bTM3ZXRPaEczXUZdby15W0cyNXNNMGt5aGs9Zz05T3dUUmdVVGEyTlFJP35mNjdGSXk/QnE/PTdySX5hZXFtLW4ra19QJks/TnBnRURaVFtvNV9HYTFbTksuR2xDRy4yJXVIRHd+Qnl5di5OaGFTbk0sTi9bTUhDOGNWRTV6X11ibGxnJjB5LnVdQnJLeGtGclZVLC9nYTV3SCxEc1Nham5Yck4lLVRaVEFkYV1mWHdVa2tuSX4zLytddFlZZHklMUE4bFQ0Mjc0NixRXVZVQ1glRzUlMF8xcnxoczFxP2tpfjlPMVFsclFoek8wd2I2flFQ'}]); _stq.push([ 'clickTrackerInit', '14439209', '477' ]); </script> <noscript><img src="https://pixel.wp.com/b.gif?v=noscript" style="height:1px;width:1px;overflow:hidden;position:absolute;bottom:1px;" alt="" /></noscript> <script defer id="bilmur" data-customproperties="{"enq_jquery":"1","logged_in":"0","wptheme":"pub\/gateway","wptheme_is_block":"0"}" data-provider="wordpress.com" data-service="simple" data-site-tz="Etc/GMT-0" src="/wp-content/js/bilmur-4.min.js?i=12&m=202509"></script><div id="marketingbar" class="marketing-bar noskim "><div class="marketing-bar-text">Design a site like this with WordPress.com</div><a class="marketing-bar-button" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar">Get started</a><a class="marketing-bar-link" tabindex="-1" aria-label="Create your website at WordPress.com" href="https://wordpress.com/start/?ref=marketing_bar"></a></div> <script type="text/javascript"> window._tkq = window._tkq || []; window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_impression', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); document.querySelectorAll( '#marketingbar > a' ).forEach( link => { link.addEventListener( 'click', ( e ) => { window._tkq.push( [ 'recordEvent', 'wpcom_marketing_bar_cta_click', {"is_current_user_blog_owner":false} ] ); } ); }); </script><script> ( function() { function getMobileUserAgentInfo() { if ( typeof wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info === 'object' ) { wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.init(); var mobileStatsQueryString = ''; if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_platforms' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedPlatformName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName !== false ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'mobile_devices' + '=' + wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.matchedUserAgentName; } if ( wpcom_mobile_user_agent_info.isIPad() ) { mobileStatsQueryString += '&x_' + 'ipad_views' + '=' + 'views'; } if ( mobileStatsQueryString != '' ) { new Image().src = document.location.protocol + '//pixel.wp.com/g.gif?v=wpcom-no-pv' + mobileStatsQueryString + '&baba=' + Math.random(); } } } document.addEventListener( 'DOMContentLoaded', getMobileUserAgentInfo ); } )(); </script> </body> </html>