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searchaux" style="display:none">Type of social dance</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Country_Dance_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Country Dance (disambiguation)">Country Dance (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">Irish set dancing</a>.</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall;_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg/290px-A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg/435px-A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg/580px-A_country_dance_in_a_long_hall%3B_the_elegance_of_the_couple_o_Wellcome_V0049213.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3260" data-file-height="2556" /></a><figcaption>Comical 18th-century country dance; engraving by <a href="/wiki/William_Hogarth" title="William Hogarth">Hogarth</a></figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>country dance</b> is any of a very large number of <a href="/wiki/Social_dance" title="Social dance">social dances</a> of a type that originated in <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a> in the British Isles; it is the repeated execution of a predefined sequence of figures, carefully designed to fit a fixed length of music, performed by a group of people, usually in couples, in one or more sets. The figures involve interaction with your partner and/or with other dancers, usually with a progression so that you dance with everyone in your set. It is common in modern times to have a "caller" who teaches the dance and then calls the figures as you dance. Country dances are done in many different styles.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a <a href="/wiki/Category:Dance_forms_in_classical_music" title="Category:Dance forms in classical music">musical form</a> written in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span> or <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>6</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>8</b></sub></span></span></span></span> time, the contredanse was used by Beethoven and Mozart. Beethoven's 6 Ecosaises WoO83 are dated to 1806.<sup id="cite_ref-6_Ecosaises_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6_Ecosaises-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mozart's 6 Ländlerische Tänze, K.606 are dated to 1791. <sup id="cite_ref-6_Ländlerische_Tänze_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6_Ländlerische_Tänze-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Introduced to South America by French immigrants, Country Dance had great influence upon Latin American music as <a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">contradanza</a>. </p><p>The <i>Anglais</i> (from the <a href="/wiki/French_language" title="French language">French</a> word meaning "English") or <i>Angloise</i> is another term for the English country dance.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Scottish_country_dance" title="Scottish country dance">Scottish country dance</a> may be termed an <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr"><a href="/wiki/%C3%89cossaise" title="Écossaise">écossaise</a></i></span>. <a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Irish set dance">Irish set dance</a> is also related. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Characteristics">Characteristics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Characteristics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/290px--English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="290" height="163" data-durationhint="65" data-mwtitle="English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a3/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm/English_country_dancing_in_Manhattan_in_May_2024.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>English country dancing in Manhattan in May 2024</figcaption></figure> <p>A <i>set</i> is a formation<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of dancers. The most common formations are <i>longways for as many as will</i>, i.e. couples in long lines, and <i>squares</i>, consisting of four couples. The longways formation occurs in over 12,000 modern <a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra dances</a>;<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> it was also the most popular formation in all the dance publications of the 18th and early 19th centuries.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2003, Burleson's Square Dancer's Encyclopedia<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> listed 5125<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> calls or figures. Circles and fixed-length longways sets are also very common, but the possible formations are limited only by the imagination of the choreographer. </p><p>Thomas Wilson, in 1808, wrote, "A Country Dance is composed of an indefinite number of persons, not less than six, but as many more as chuse, but six are sufficient to perform any figure in the treatise."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wilson was writing about his own period. In fact, there are numerous dances for two couples, and quite a few for three or five dancers. </p><p>A <i>figure</i> is a pattern that the dancers trace along the floor, simple ones such as Circle Left are intuitive and can be danced with no prior knowledge, while complex moves such as <a href="/wiki/Strip_the_willow" title="Strip the willow">Strip the willow</a> need to be taught. The stepping and style of dancing varies by region and by period. </p><p>Wilson, in 1820, wrote, "Country Dance Figures are certain Movements or Directions formed in Circular, Half Circular, Serpentine, Angular, Straight Lines, etc. etc. drawn out into different Lengths, adapted to the various <i>Strains</i> of Country Dance Music." .<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Again, the possible figures are limited only by the imagination of the choreographer. Examples of some of the figures are provided in the <a href="/wiki/Glossary_of_country_dance_terms" title="Glossary of country dance terms">Glossary of country dance terms</a>. </p><p>The music most commonly associated with country dancing is folk/country/traditional/historical music, however modern bands are experimenting with countless other genres. </p><p>While some dances may have originated on <a href="/wiki/Village_green" title="Village green">village greens</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percy_A._Scholes_1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the vast majority were, and still are, written by dancing masters and choreographers. </p><p>Each dance consists of a series of figures, hopefully smoothly linked together, designed to fit to the chosen music. The most common form of music is 32 bar jigs or reels, but any music suitable for dancing can be used. In most dances the dancers will progress to a new position so that the next time through the music they are dancing with different people. </p><p>While English <a href="/wiki/Folk_dance" title="Folk dance">folk dance</a> clubs<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> generally embrace all types of country dance, American English country dance groups<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tend to exclude modern contra dances and <a href="/wiki/Square_dance" title="Square dance">square dances</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_1" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/290px--Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="290" height="163" data-durationhint="502" data-mwtitle="Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/80/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm/Softly_Good_Tummas_at_YDW_2024.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The English country dance "Softly Good Tummas" (1718) at Youth Dance Weekend 2024 in Vermont</figcaption></figure> <p>Country dancing is intended for general participation, unlike folk dances such as <a href="/wiki/Clogging" title="Clogging">clogging</a>, which are primarily <a href="/wiki/Concert_dance" title="Concert dance">concert dances</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ballroom_dance" title="Ballroom dance">ballroom dances</a> in which dancers dance with their partners independently of others. Bright, rhythmic and simple, country dances had appeal as a refreshing finale to an evening of stately dances such as the <a href="/wiki/Minuet" title="Minuet">minuet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percy_A._Scholes_1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Historically, the term <i>contra dance</i> is just another name for a country dance. Howe, in 1858, wrote, "The term "Country Dance" is the one invariably used in all books on dancing that have been published in England during the last three centuries, while all works issued in France within the same period employ the term Contra Dance, or in French "Contre Danse". As the authority is equally good in both cases, either term is therefore correct. The Country or Contra Dance has been one of the most popular amusements in the British Isles, France, and other continental countries from time immemorial".<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, "contra dance" is most commonly used today to refer to a specific American genre called contra dance. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Country_dance,_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg/290px-Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg" decoding="async" width="290" height="215" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg/435px-Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg/580px-Country_dance%2C_performed_by_villagers._Engraving_by_Abraham_Wellcome_V0049745.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3352" data-file-height="2487" /></a><figcaption>Village country dance; engraving by <a href="/wiki/Abraham_Bosse" title="Abraham Bosse">Abraham Bosse</a>, 1633</figcaption></figure> <p>Country dances began to influence courtly dance in the 15th century<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and became particularly popular at the court of <a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_I_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I of England">Elizabeth I of England</a>. Many references to country dancing and titles shared with known 17th-century dances appear from this time, though few of these can be shown to refer to English country dance. While some early features resemble the <a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">morris dance</a> and other early styles, the influence of the courtly dances of Continental Europe, especially those of <a href="/wiki/Italian_Renaissance" title="Italian Renaissance">Renaissance Italy</a>, may also be seen, and it is probable that English country dance was affected by these at an early date.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Little is known of these dances before the mid-17th century.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/John_Playford" title="John Playford">John Playford</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_English_Dancing_Master" class="mw-redirect" title="The English Dancing Master">The English Dancing Master</a></i> (1651) listed over a hundred tunes, each with its own figures. This was enormously popular, reprinted constantly for 80 years and much enlarged. Playford and his successors had a practical monopoly on the publication of dance manuals until 1711, and ceased publishing around 1728. During this period English country dances took a variety of forms including finite sets for two, three and four couples as well as circles and squares. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Andre_Lorin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Andre_Lorin.jpg/220px-Andre_Lorin.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="320" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Andre_Lorin.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="318" data-file-height="463" /></a><figcaption>Lorin's contradanse choreography, one of the earliest western dance notations</figcaption></figure> <p>The country dance was introduced to the court of <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> of France, where it became known as <i>contredanse</i>, and later to Germany and Italy. André Lorin, who visited the English court in the late 17th century, presented a manuscript of dances in the English manner to Louis XIV on his return to France. In 1706 <a href="/wiki/Raoul_Auger_Feuillet" title="Raoul Auger Feuillet">Raoul Auger Feuillet</a> published his <i>Recüeil de Contredances</i>, a collection of "<i>contredanses anglaises</i>" presented in a simplified form of <a href="/wiki/Beauchamp-Feuillet_notation" class="mw-redirect" title="Beauchamp-Feuillet notation">Beauchamp-Feuillet notation</a> and including some dances invented by the author as well as authentic English dances. This was subsequently translated into English by <a href="/wiki/John_Essex" title="John Essex">John Essex</a> and published in England as <i>For the Further Improvement of Dancing</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the 1720s the term <i>contradanse</i> had come to refer to longways sets divided into groups of three or two couples, which would remain normative until English country dance's eclipse.<sup id="cite_ref-Thurston_29–35_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurston_29–35-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The earliest French works refer only to the longways form as <i>contradanse</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which allowed the false etymology of "a dance in which lines dance opposite one another".<sup id="cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percy_A._Scholes_1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The square-set type also had its vogue in France and spread to much of Europe, Russia and North America during the later 18th century as the <a href="/wiki/Quadrille" title="Quadrille">quadrille</a><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirstein1969212_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirstein1969212-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the <a href="/wiki/Cotillion" title="Cotillion">cotillion</a>. These usually require a group of eight people, a couple along each side. "<a href="/wiki/Les_Lanciers" title="Les Lanciers">Les Lanciers</a>", a descendant of the <i>quadrille</i>, and the "Eightsome Reel" are examples of this kind of dance. Dancing in square sets still survives in Ireland, under the name <a href="/wiki/Irish_set_dancing" title="Irish set dancing">"set dancing"</a> or "figure dancing". </p><p>For some time English publishers issued annual collections of these dances in popular pocket-books. <a href="/wiki/Jane_Austen" title="Jane Austen">Jane Austen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Dickens" title="Charles Dickens">Charles Dickens</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Hardy" title="Thomas Hardy">Thomas Hardy</a> all loved country dancing and put detailed descriptions into their novels. But the vogue for the <a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">waltz</a> and the quadrille ousted the country dance from English ballrooms in the early 19th century, though <a href="/wiki/Scottish_country_dance" title="Scottish country dance">Scottish country dance</a> remained popular.<sup id="cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Percy_A._Scholes_1970-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Thurston_29–35_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Thurston_29–35-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence">Influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg/240px-La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg/360px-La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg/480px-La_Tr%C3%A9nis_1805.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1120" data-file-height="729" /></a><figcaption>The "La Trénis" figure of the Contredanse, an illustration from Le Bon Genre, Paris, 1805</figcaption></figure> <p>The English country dance and the French <i>contredanse</i>, arriving independently in the American colonies, became the New England <a href="/wiki/Contra_dance" title="Contra dance">contra dance</a>, which experienced a resurgence in the mid-20th century. The quadrille evolved into square dance in the United States while in Ireland it contributed to the development of modern Irish set dance. English country dance in <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scotland</a> developed its own flavour and became the separate <a href="/wiki/Scottish_country_dance" title="Scottish country dance">Scottish country dance</a>. <a href="/wiki/C%C3%A9ilidh#Similar_gatherings_in_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Céilidh">English céilidh</a> is a special case, being a convergence of English, Irish and Scottish forms. In addition certain English country dances survived independently in the popular repertoire. One such is the <a href="/wiki/Virginia_reel_(dance)" title="Virginia reel (dance)">Virginia Reel</a>, which is almost exactly the same as the "Sir Roger de Coverley". </p><p>The <i><a href="/wiki/Contradanza" title="Contradanza">contradanza</a></i>, the Spanish and Spanish-American version of the French <i>contradanse</i>, became an internationally popular style of music and dance in the 18th century. The <i>contradanza</i> was popular in Spain and spread throughout Spanish America during the 18th century, where it took on folkloric forms that still exist in Mexico, Venezuela, Colombia, Peru, Panama and Ecuador. In Cuba during the 19th century the <i>contradanza</i> became an important genre, the ancestor of <a href="/wiki/Danzon" class="mw-redirect" title="Danzon">danzon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mambo_(dance)" title="Mambo (dance)">mambo</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cha-cha-cha_(dance)" title="Cha-cha-cha (dance)">cha cha cha</a>. Haitians fleeing the <a href="/wiki/Haitian_Revolution" title="Haitian Revolution">Haitian Revolution</a> of 1791 brought to the Cuban version a Creole influence and a new syncopation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <i>Engelska</i> (Swedish for "English") or Danish <i>Engelsk</i> is a 16-bar Scandinavian folk dance in <span class="music-symbol" style="font-family: Arial Unicode MS, Lucida Sans Unicode;"><span class="serif-fonts" style="font-family: 'Georgia Pro', Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', Times, 'Times New Roman', FreeSerif, 'DejaVu Math TeX', 'URW Bookman L', serif;"><span class="nowrap"><span style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:-0.3em;vertical-align:-0.4em;line-height:0.85em;font-size:80%;text-align:center"><sup style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>2</b></sup><br /><sub style="font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit;vertical-align:baseline"><b>4</b></sub></span></span></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its name comes from the adoption in Scandinavia of English country dances and contra dances in the early 19th century. In Denmark the description "Engelsk" was used for both line and square dances of English origin.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Revival">Revival</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance,_Helenvale,_ca._1910.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg/240px-StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg" decoding="async" width="240" height="175" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg/360px-StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg/480px-StateLibQld_1_201235_Country_dance%2C_Helenvale%2C_ca._1910.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="731" /></a><figcaption>Country dance, <a href="/wiki/Helenvale" class="mw-redirect" title="Helenvale">Helenvale</a>, Queensland, Australia, about 1910</figcaption></figure> <p>Only due to the efforts of <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Sharp" title="Cecil Sharp">Cecil Sharp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mary_Neal" title="Mary Neal">Mary Neal</a> and the <a href="/wiki/English_Folk_Dance_and_Song_Society" title="English Folk Dance and Song Society">English Folk Dance and Song Society</a> in the late 19th and early 20th century did a revival take place, so that for some time schoolchildren were taught country dances. In the early 20th century, traditional and historical dances began to be revived in England. Neal, one of the first to do so, was principally known for her work in ritual dances, but <a href="/wiki/Cecil_Sharp" title="Cecil Sharp">Cecil Sharp</a>, in the six volumes of his <i>Country Dance Book</i>, published between 1909 and 1922, attempted to reconstruct English country dance as it was performed at the time of Playford, using the surviving traditional English village dances as a guide, as the manuals defined almost none of the figures described. Sharp and his students were, however, almost wholly concerned with English country dances as found in the early dance manuals:<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Sharp published 160 dances from the Playford manuals and 16 traditional village country dances. Sharp believed that the Playford dances, especially those with irregular forms, represented the original "folk" form of English country dance and that all later changes in the dance's long history were corruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This view is no longer held<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch#Unsupported_attributions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch"><span title="The material near this tag may use weasel words or too-vague attribution. (January 2020)">by whom?</span></a></i>]</sup>. </p><p>The first collection of modern English country dances since the 1820s, <i>Maggot Pie</i>, was published in 1932, though only in the late 20th century did modern compositions become fully accepted.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reconstructions of historical dances and new compositions continue. Interpreters and composers of the 20th century include Douglas and Helen Kennedy, Pat Shaw, Tom Cook, Ken Sheffield, Charles Bolton, Michael Barraclough, Colin Hume, Gary Roodman, and Andrew Shaw. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_2" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/290px--English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="290" height="163" data-durationhint="78" data-mwtitle="English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-width="1920" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="256" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/1e/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm/English_country_dancing_at_Pinewoods.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>Contemporary English country dancing at <a href="/wiki/Pinewoods_Camp" title="Pinewoods Camp">Pinewoods Camp</a> in Massachusetts, U.S.</figcaption></figure> <p>The modern English country dance community in the United States consists primarily of liberal white professionals.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Country%E2%80%93western_dance" title="Country–western dance">Country–western dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baroque_dance" title="Baroque dance">Baroque dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_folk_dance" title="International folk dance">International folk dance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maypole" title="Maypole">Maypole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stave_dancing" title="Stave dancing">Stave dancing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Troyl" title="Troyl">Troyl</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Cornwall" title="Cornwall">Cornish</a> gathering similar to a céilidh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twmpath" title="Twmpath">Twmpath</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_Wales" title="Culture of Wales">Welsh</a> gathering similar to a céilidh</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schottische" title="Schottische">Schottische</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrafusion.co.uk/Videos.html">"Dance Videos"</a>, contrafusion.co.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6_Ecosaises-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6_Ecosaises_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 June</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMSLP&rft.atitle=List_of_works_by_Ludwig_van_Beethoven&rft.aulast=Kinsky&rft.aufirst=Georg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimslp.org%2Fwiki%2FList_of_works_by_Ludwig_van_Beethoven&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6_Ländlerische_Tänze-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6_Ländlerische_Tänze_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvon_Köchel" class="citation web cs1">von Köchel, Ludwig. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/Category:Mozart%2C_Wolfgang_Amadeus">"Category:Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus"</a>. <i>IMSLP</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2007-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Western+Social+Dance%3A+An+Overview+of+the+Collection&rft.atitle=Transition+From+Renaissance+Dance+To+Baroque+Dance&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Aldrich&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmemory.loc.gov%2Fammem%2Fdihtml%2Fdiessay3.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dolmetsch.com/defsa7.htm">"Music Dictionary : An–Ang"</a>. <i>Music Dictionary Online</i>. Dolmetsch Online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 August</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Music+Dictionary+Online&rft.atitle=Music+Dictionary+%3A+An%E2%80%93Ang&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dolmetsch.com%2Fdefsa7.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://contrafusion.co.uk/Formations.html">Dance Formations</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ibiblio.org/contradance/thecallersbox/">Contra Dance Database</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?q=site:imslp.org+country%20dance">Search of IMSLP for "country dance"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/30316510">Burleson's Square Dancer's Encyclopedia</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://fortytwo.ws/~cbaker/Call%20Evolution%20by%20Clark%20Baker.pdf">"Call Evolution"</a> by Clark Baker, Don Beck; fortytwo.ws/~cbaker</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1808" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Thomas (1808). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/42049716/"><i>An Analysis of Country Dancing</i></a>. London: W. Calvert.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Analysis+of+Country+Dancing&rft.place=London&rft.pub=W.+Calvert&rft.date=1808&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fitem%2F42049716%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson1820" class="citation book cs1">Wilson, Thomas (1820). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://imslp.org/wiki/A_Companion_to_the_Ball_Room_(Wilson%2C_Thomas)"><i>A Companion to the Ballroom</i></a>. London.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Companion+to+the+Ballroom&rft.place=London&rft.date=1820&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fimslp.org%2Fwiki%2FA_Companion_to_the_Ball_Room_%28Wilson%252C_Thomas%29&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Percy_A._Scholes_1970-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Percy_A._Scholes_1970_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Percy_Scholes" title="Percy Scholes">Percy A. Scholes</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Companion_to_Music" title="The Oxford Companion to Music">The Oxford Companion to Music</a></i>, Oxford University Press 1970, article "Country dance".</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.setandturnsingle.org.uk/index.php?option=com_contentbuilder&controller=list&view=list&search_form_id=1&id=1&Itemid=1026">"Set and Turn Single"</a>, directory of folk dance clubs, setandturnsingle.org.uk</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/~winston/ecd/hotbeds.htmlx">"ECD (English country dance) around the United States"</a>, www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/~winston/</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/resource/musdi.243.0?sp=25">Howe's <i>Complete Ball-room Hand Book</i>, p. 25</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKirstein1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Lincoln_Kirstein" title="Lincoln Kirstein">Kirstein, Lincoln</a> (1969). <i>Dance</i>. New York: Dance Horizons. p. 119.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dance&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=119&rft.pub=Dance+Horizons&rft.date=1969&rft.aulast=Kirstein&rft.aufirst=Lincoln&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood1937" class="citation journal cs1">Wood, Melusine (December 1937). "Some Notes on the English Country Dance before Playford". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_English_Folk_Dance_and_Song_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society">Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): 93–99.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+English+Folk+Dance+and+Song+Society&rft.atitle=Some+Notes+on+the+English+Country+Dance+before+Playford&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=93-99&rft.date=1937-12&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Melusine&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCunningham1962" class="citation journal cs1">Cunningham, J. P. (December 1962). "The Country Dance: Early References". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_English_Folk_Dance_and_Song_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society">Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society</a></i>. <b>9</b> (3): 148–154.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+English+Folk+Dance+and+Song+Society&rft.atitle=The+Country+Dance%3A+Early+References&rft.volume=9&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=148-154&rft.date=1962-12&rft.aulast=Cunningham&rft.aufirst=J.+P.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copies of these books may be found online:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/musdibib:@field(NUMBER+@band(musdi+070))">Recüeil de Contredances</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016065943/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem%2Fmusdibib%3A%40field%28NUMBER+%40band%28musdi+070%29%29">Archived</a> 2015-10-16 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1706) by Raoul Auger Feuillet, and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/musdibib:@field(NUMBER+@band(musdi+069))">For the further Improvement of Dancing</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150320124136/http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem%2Fmusdibib%3A%40field%28NUMBER+%40band%28musdi+069%29%29">Archived</a> 2015-03-20 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (1710) by John Essex</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Thurston_29–35-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Thurston_29–35_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Thurston_29–35_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFThurston1952" class="citation journal cs1">Thurston, Hugh (December 1952). "The Development of the Country Dance as Revealed in Printed Sources". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_the_English_Folk_Dance_and_Song_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society">Journal of the English Folk Dance and Song Society</a></i>. <b>7</b> (1): 29–35.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+the+English+Folk+Dance+and+Song+Society&rft.atitle=The+Development+of+the+Country+Dance+as+Revealed+in+Printed+Sources&rft.volume=7&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=29-35&rft.date=1952-12&rft.aulast=Thurston&rft.aufirst=Hugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp1924" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Cecil (1924). <i>The Dance: An Historical Survey of Dancing in Europe</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Dance%3A+An+Historical+Survey+of+Dancing+in+Europe&rft.date=1924&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Cecil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKirstein1969212-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKirstein1969212_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKirstein1969">Kirstein 1969</a>, p. 212.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140201194105/http://www.boogalu.com/features/history-cuban-music">"History of Cuban Music"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boogalu.com/features/history-cuban-music">the original</a> on 1 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+Cuban+Music&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.boogalu.com%2Ffeatures%2Fhistory-cuban-music&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>The History of Latin American Dance</i> by Jessica Martinez</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.folkdancing.com/Pages/skandia/02engel.htm">"Enkel Engelska © 1997 by SMF"</a>. Folkdancing.com<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Enkel+Engelska+%C2%A9+1997+by+SMF&rft.pub=Folkdancing.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.folkdancing.com%2FPages%2Fskandia%2F02engel.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nodeknek.dk/hjemmeside/johnbaek1.pdf">"Dansk Spillemansmuik (1660-1999)"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Danish). Nodenek.dk. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070716005805/http://nodeknek.dk/hjemmeside/johnbaek1.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 2007-07-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2013-12-09</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Dansk+Spillemansmuik+%281660-1999%29&rft.pub=Nodenek.dk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnodeknek.dk%2Fhjemmeside%2Fjohnbaek1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkowitz2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walkowitz" title="Daniel Walkowitz">Walkowitz, Daniel J.</a> (2010). <i>City Folk: English Country Dance and the Politics of Folk in Modern America</i>. New York University Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=City+Folk%3A+English+Country+Dance+and+the+Politics+of+Folk+in+Modern+America&rft.pub=New+York+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Walkowitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSharp1911" class="citation book cs1">Sharp, Cecil J. (1911). <i>The Country Dance Book, Part II</i>. Novello and Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Country+Dance+Book%2C+Part+II&rft.pub=Novello+and+Company&rft.date=1911&rft.aulast=Sharp&rft.aufirst=Cecil+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colinhume.com/demaggot.htm">"Maggot Pie"</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 November</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Maggot+Pie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.colinhume.com%2Fdemaggot.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWalkowitz2006" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Walkowitz" title="Daniel Walkowitz">Walkowitz, Daniel J.</a> (2006). "The Cultural Turn and a New Social History: Folk Dance and the Renovation of Class in Social History". <i><a href="/wiki/Journal_of_Social_History" title="Journal of Social History">Journal of Social History</a></i>. <b>39</b> (3): 781–802. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1353%2Fjsh.2006.0022">10.1353/jsh.2006.0022</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0022-4529">0022-4529</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3790291">3790291</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:142830484">142830484</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Social+History&rft.atitle=The+Cultural+Turn+and+a+New+Social+History%3A+Folk+Dance+and+the+Renovation+of+Class+in+Social+History&rft.volume=39&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=781-802&rft.date=2006&rft.issn=0022-4529&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A142830484%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3790291%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1353%2Fjsh.2006.0022&rft.aulast=Walkowitz&rft.aufirst=Daniel+J.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ACountry+dance" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-External_links plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style ambox-external_links" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article's <b>use of <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">external links</a> may not follow Wikipedia's policies or guidelines</b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit">improve this article</a> by removing <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_a_mirror_or_a_repository_of_links,_images,_or_media_files" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">excessive</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">inappropriate</a> external links, and converting useful links where appropriate into <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">footnote references</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2022</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="History_2">History</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>A multi-edition transcription of <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdss.org/elibrary/dancing-master/Index.htm">Playford's <i>The Dancing Master,</i></a> compiled by Robert M. Keller, hosted by the Country Dance and Song Society.   Or go straight to the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cdss.org/elibrary/dancing-master/Title/BrowTitl.htm">alphabetical index</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202091008/http://www.originsofplayforddance.com/">Evolution of the <i>Playford dances</i> (archived)</a> by Nicole Salomone</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~flip/contrib/dance/playford.html">A transcription of the first edition of Playford's <i>The Dancing Master</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170507082421/http://www.contrib.andrew.cmu.edu/~flip/contrib/dance/playford.html">Archived</a> 2017-05-07 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081012001536/http://members.aol.com/Dance18thc/">The Colonial Dancing Master</a> Books and recordings.</li> <li>Alan Winston's history survey <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110202091008/http://www.originsofplayforddance.com/"><i>English Country Dance and its American Cousin</i></a></li> <li>Gene Murrow's <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/~winston/ecd/origins_and_evolution.htmlx">comments on the history of ECD</a></li> <li>John Gardiner-Garden's 10 volume 7,000 page magnum opus on social dance from 1450 to 1900 <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthlydelights.com.au/books-cds"><i>Historic Dance</i></a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interpretation">Interpretation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Interpretation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151016065943/http://michaelbarraclough.com/dance-instructions/my-interpretations/introduction">Michael Barraclough</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.colinhume.com/instr.htm">Colin Hume</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20020602081918/http://vintagedancers.org/ball_in_box.html">Patri J. Pugliese</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthlydelights.com.au/about-us/john-gardiner-garden">John Gardiner-Garden</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Dance_associations">Dance associations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Dance associations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bacds.org/">Bay Area Country Dance Society</a> promotes, preserves, and teaches traditional English and American music and dance in the San Francisco Bay area.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://cdny.org">CD NY</a> Country Dance New York holds weekly dances in New York City.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdss.org/">Country Dance and Song Society</a> is a United States umbrella organization whose members enjoy English dance.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cdny.org/">Country Dance*New York</a> runs English and contra dance events in New York City.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cds-boston.org/">Country Dance Society, Boston Centre</a> runs English and contra dances in Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aactmad.org/">Ann Arbor Community for Traditional Music and Dance</a> is an umbrella organization whose sponsored events include English and American music and dance in Michigan.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.doverdancers.org/">Dover English Country Dancers</a> runs English dances in Dover, DE, USA & presents demonstrations at festivals & historic sites in MD & DE.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.earthlydelights.com.au/">Earthly Delights Historic Dance Academy</a> run dance classes and balls in Australia, as well as a Shakespeare Dance & Music Festival, Baroque Dance Weekend, Jane Austen Festival Australia and Yarrangobilly 19th Century Dance Retreat.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-ssrl.slac.stanford.edu/~winston/ecd/hotbeds.htmlx">ECD around the United States</a> A list of English dance series.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efdss.org/">English Folk Dance and Song Society</a> has an online shop selling books and compact disks.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.interfolk.co.uk/fmcdc/hist.html">Felpham & Middleton Country Dance Club</a> has written a history from 1933–1994, just about one of the oldest extant English Country Dance clubs in England.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sca.org/">Society for Creative Anachronism</a> practices many English country dances in a historical context.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theleesburgassembly.org/">The Leesburg Assembly</a> is an English Country Dance community centered in Northern Virginia, USA.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vecds.bc.ca/">The Victoria English Country Dance Society</a> is a group of friendly people who gather once a week to dance in Victoria, BC, Canada. Live music is provided by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.vecds.bc.ca/tdp.html">The Dancehall Players</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161021094518/http://www.vecds.bc.ca/tdp.html">Archived</a> 2016-10-21 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General">General</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Country_dance&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: General"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mtcn.free.fr/mtcn-traditional-music-dance.php">Folk dances from County of Nice, France</a> <span class="languageicon">(in English, French, and Occitan)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://my.strathspey.org/dd/dance/">Scottish Country Dancing database</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_England.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of England"><img alt="Flag of England" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/24px-Flag_of_England.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/36px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/be/Flag_of_England.svg/48px-Flag_of_England.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="480" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/English_folk_music" title="English folk music">English folk music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Folk music by era</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1500%E2%80%931899)" title="English folk music (1500–1899)">1500–1899</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1900%E2%80%931949)" title="English folk music (1900–1949)">1900–1949</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1950%E2%80%931959)" title="English folk music (1950–1959)">1950–1959</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1960%E2%80%931969)" title="English folk music (1960–1969)">1960–1969</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1970%E2%80%931979)" title="English folk music (1970–1979)">1970–1979</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1980%E2%80%931989)" title="English folk music (1980–1989)">1980–1989</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(1990%E2%80%931999)" title="English folk music (1990–1999)">1990–1999</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_folk_music_(2000%E2%80%932009)" title="English folk music (2000–2009)">2000–2009</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Subgenres and fusions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_folk_rock" title="British folk rock">British folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_baroque" title="Folk baroque">Folk baroque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_punk" title="Folk punk">Folk punk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folk_metal" title="Folk metal">Folk metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_folk" title="Progressive folk">Progressive folk</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dance forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>General</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Abbots_Bromley_Horn_Dance" title="Abbots Bromley Horn Dance">Abbots Bromley Horn Dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/English_country_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="English country dance">English country dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Furry_Dance" title="Furry Dance">Furry Dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Garland_dance" title="Garland dance">Garland dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Long_Sword_dance" title="Long Sword dance">Long Sword dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maypole_dance" class="mw-redirect" title="Maypole dance">Maypole dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Morris_dance" title="Morris dance">Morris dance</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rapper_sword" title="Rapper sword">Rapper dance</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/4 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Polka" title="Polka">Polka</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>2/2 and 4/4 Dances</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe" title="Hornpipe">Hornpipe</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reel_(dance)" title="Reel (dance)">Reel</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/4 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Waltz" title="Waltz">Waltz</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>3/2 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Hornpipe#Folk_hornpipes" title="Hornpipe">Triple Hornpipe</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>6/8 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Jig" title="Jig">Jigs</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>9/8 Dance</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Slip_jig" title="Slip jig">Slip jig</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Song forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballad" title="Ballad">Ballads</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Children%27s_song" title="Children's song">Children's songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protest_song#Early_protest_songs_from_Britain" title="Protest song">Protest songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sea_shanty" title="Sea shanty">Sea shanties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_song" title="War song">War songs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Work_song" title="Work song">Work songs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Instruments</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accordion" title="Accordion">Accordion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertina" title="Concertina">Concertina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowdy-crawn" title="Crowdy-crawn">Crowdy-crawn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fiddle" title="Fiddle">Fiddle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fife_(instrument)" title="Fife (instrument)">Fife</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flute" title="Flute">Flute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lancashire_bagpipe" title="Lancashire bagpipe">Lancashire bagpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lincolnshire_bagpipes" title="Lincolnshire bagpipes">Lincolnshire bagpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diatonic_button_accordion" title="Diatonic button accordion">Melodeon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northumbrian_smallpipes" title="Northumbrian smallpipes">Northumbrian smallpipes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tabor_(instrument)" title="Tabor (instrument)">Tabor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tin_whistle" title="Tin whistle">Tin whistle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yorkshire_bagpipe" title="Yorkshire bagpipe">Yorkshire bagpipe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_pipes" title="Border pipes">Half-long pipes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regional traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cornwall" title="Music of Cornwall">Cornwall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Northumbria" title="Music of Northumbria">Northumbria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Somerset#Folk_music" title="Music of Somerset">Somerset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Sussex" title="Music of Sussex">Sussex</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related articles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt>External relations</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Scottish_folk_music" title="Scottish folk music">Scottish folk music</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Danish_traditional_music" title="Danish traditional music">Folk music of Denmark</a></dd></dl> <dl><dt>Miscellaneous</dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Folk_club" title="Folk club">Folk clubs</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/List_of_folk_festivals" title="List of folk festivals">Folk festival</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDBEA; text-align:center;"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Portal:England" title="Portal:England">Portal:England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:Music" title="Portal:Music">Portal:Music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: 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