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Romanización de Galicia - Wikipedia, a enciclopedia libre

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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Véxase tamén</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Mostrar ou agochar a subsección &quot;Véxase tamén&quot;</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Véxase_tamén-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Bibliografía" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografía"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Bibliografía</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografía-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Outros_artigos" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Outros_artigos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Outros artigos</span> </div> </a> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> <div id="mw-indicator-04-1000_artigos_icona_título" class="mw-indicator"><div class="mw-parser-output"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikiproxecto_1000_artigos_de_calidade_para_alumnado_de_12_a_16_anos" title="1000 12/16"><img alt="1000 12/16" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/19px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/28px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ea/Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png/38px-Hezkuntza_Programa_12-16_ikonoa.png 2x" data-file-width="747" data-file-height="794" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Na Galipedia, a Wikipedia en galego.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="gl" dir="ltr"><dl><dd><i>Para o sistema de <a href="/wiki/Transliteraci%C3%B3n" title="Transliteración">transliteración</a>, ver <a href="/wiki/Romanizaci%C3%B3n_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Romanización (lingüística)">romanización (lingüística)</a></i></dd></dl> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox vcard" style="width:22em; font-size:90%; background-color:#f8f9fa;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:larger; background-color:#ededed; color:#000000;" class="fn"><b>Romanización de Galicia</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png/250px-Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="243" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8b/Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png/375px-Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/8b/Gallaecia-Dioclecianus.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="485" /></a></span><br />Mapa da <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a> de <a href="/wiki/Diocleciano" title="Diocleciano">Diocleciano</a>. </td></tr> <tr> <td width="85px" align="right"><b>Historia</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Historia_de_Galicia" title="Historia de Galicia">Historia de Galicia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="85px" align="right"><b>Cronoloxía</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cronolox%C3%ADa_de_Galicia" title="Cronoloxía de Galicia">Cronoloxía de Galicia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="85px" align="right"><b>Categoría</b></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Categor%C3%ADa:Historia_de_Galicia" title="Categoría:Historia de Galicia">Historia de Galicia</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ededed; text-align:center;"><b>Idade Antiga</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><span class="role"><i><a href="/wiki/Historia_antiga_de_Galicia" title="Historia antiga de Galicia">Historia antiga de Galicia</a><br /></i></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="background-color:#ededed; text-align:center;"><b>Relacionados</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="85px" align="right"><b>Historia</b></td> <td><span class="role"><a href="/wiki/Historia_da_lingua_galega" title="Historia da lingua galega">Historia da lingua galega</a></span> </td></tr> <tr> <td width="85px" align="right"><b>Artigos</b></td> <td><span class="role"><a href="/wiki/Romanizaci%C3%B3n_(ling%C3%BC%C3%ADstica)" title="Romanización (lingüística)">Romanización (lingüística)</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana_en_Galicia" title="Arquitectura romana en Galicia">Arquitectura romana en Galicia</a></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>A <b>romanización</b> foi o proceso polo que os territorios conquistados polo <a href="/wiki/Imperio_Romano" title="Imperio Romano">Imperio Romano</a> ían adoptando os costumes, técnicas, relixión e finalmente <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">idioma</a> destes. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Orixe_e_evolución"><span id="Orixe_e_evoluci.C3.B3n"></span>Orixe e evolución</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar a sección: «Orixe e evolución»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Orixe e evolución"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Ficheiro:Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png/300px-Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="179" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png/450px-Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png/600px-Bellum-Asturicum-Cantabricum.png 2x" data-file-width="1147" data-file-height="686" /></a><figcaption>Campañas romanas no noroeste peninsular <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:95%; display:block;"><span style="border:#C878B2; background-color:#C878B2; color:#C878B2;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;D.J. Brutus no ano 137 a.C.</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:95%; display:block;"><span style="border:#FFCD33; background-color:#FFCD33; color:#FFCD33;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;Cesar no 61 a.C.</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:95%; display:block;"><span style="border:#52BA65; background-color:#52BA65; color:#52BA65;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;Campaña do ano 26 a. C.</span> <span style="margin:0px; padding-bottom:1px; font-size:95%; display:block;"><span style="border:#EE1E3A; background-color:#EE1E3A; color:#EE1E3A;">&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</span>&#160;Campaña do ano 25 a. C.</span></figcaption></figure> <p>O comezo de romanización de <a href="/wiki/Galicia" title="Galicia">Galicia</a> adóitase datar na expedición de <a href="/wiki/D%C3%A9cimo_Xunio_Bruto_Galaico" title="Décimo Xunio Bruto Galaico">Décimo</a>, o Gallaico, e o seu fito de atravesar o <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Lethes" title="Río Lethes">río Lethes</a> ou do esquecemento (o <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Limia" title="Río Limia">Limia</a>). Porén, o noroeste <a href="/wiki/Pen%C3%ADnsula_Ib%C3%A9rica" title="Península Ibérica">peninsular</a> non ficou integrado inmediatamente no mundo romano. Ao longo do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_I" title="Século I">século I</a> foise estabelecendo un comercio, principalmente nas costas, ao que acompañaron varias expedicións militares (<a href="/wiki/Marco_Licinio_Craso" title="Marco Licinio Craso">Craso</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Perpenna&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Perpenna (a páxina aínda non existe)">Perpenna</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xulio_C%C3%A9sar" title="Xulio César">Xulio César</a>), de maneira que cando <a href="/wiki/Octavio_Augusto" title="Octavio Augusto">Augusto</a> emprendeu as <a href="/wiki/Guerras_C%C3%A1ntabras" class="mw-redirect" title="Guerras Cántabras">Guerras Cántabras</a>, o noroeste era xa unha simple base de operacións. O noroeste peninsular foi organizado sobre a base do sistema pre-existente en <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Populum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Populum (a páxina aínda non existe)">populi</a></i> e <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Castellum&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Castellum (a páxina aínda non existe)">castella</a></i>, representado nas inscricións por un <b>C</b> invertido. No ano <a href="/wiki/74" title="74">74</a> dC, concedeuse o <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ius_latii&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Ius latii (a páxina aínda non existe)">ius latii</a></i> para toda a península. </p><p>O territorio pertenceu primeiro á provincia de <a href="/wiki/Lusitania" title="Lusitania">Lusitania</a>, logo á <a href="/w/index.php?title=Tarraconensis&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Tarraconensis (a páxina aínda non existe)">Tarraconensis</a> e finalmente constituíuse a <a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a>, xa no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III" title="Século III">século III</a>. Esta dividiuse en tres <a href="/wiki/Conventus_iuridicus" title="Conventus iuridicus">conventos</a> (demarcacións) xurídicos: <a href="/wiki/Convento_Bracarense" title="Convento Bracarense">bracarense</a>, <a href="/wiki/Convento_Lucense" title="Convento Lucense">lucense</a> e <a href="/wiki/Convento_Asturicense" title="Convento Asturicense">asturicense</a>. O latín foi substituíndo as linguas anteriores nun proceso que remataría probabelmente no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_III" title="Século III">século III</a> d.C. </p><p>Os medios de subsistencia continuaron a ser os mesmos; na organización económica resultan relevantes dous elementos: dunha parte, a introdución da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Vila_romana&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vila romana (a páxina aínda non existe)"><i>vila</i> romana</a>, residencia rural de luxo e explotación agrícola a un tempo, que se expandiría a partir do século III; doutra, o aproveitamento de minas, en especial de ouro, que decaería no <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_II" title="Século II">século II</a>. Nas minas empregábanse escravos, mais as <i>villae</i> foron atendidas por colonos. A estrutura social <a href="/wiki/Cultura_castrexa" title="Cultura castrexa">castrexa</a> persistiría longo tempo en forma de aristocracia indíxena romanizada e de poboación rural. </p><p>Na Gallaecia o <a href="/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo">cristianismo</a> foi introducido serodiamente, a mediados do século III, por soldados da <a href="/wiki/Legio_VII_Gemina" title="Legio VII Gemina">Legio VII Gemina</a>. Un episodio notorio foi a difusión do <a href="/wiki/Priscilianismo" title="Priscilianismo">priscilianismo</a> a fins do <a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9culo_IV" title="Século IV">século IV</a>. </p><p>As referencias documentais para o estudo da romanización en Galicia atópanse na obra de diversos escritores gregos e latinos. Unha listaxe dos principais sería o que segue: <a href="/wiki/Apiano" title="Apiano">Apiano</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tito_Livio" title="Tito Livio">Tito Livio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Floro" title="Floro">Floro</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paulo_Orosio" title="Paulo Orosio">Orosio</a>, <a href="/wiki/Estrab%C3%B3n" title="Estrabón">Estrabón</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pomponio_Mela" title="Pomponio Mela">Pomponio Mela</a>, <a href="/wiki/Plinio_o_Vello" title="Plinio o Vello">Plinio o Vello</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tolomeo" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolomeo">Tolomeo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Avieno" title="Avieno">Rufo Festo Avieno</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hidacio" title="Hidacio">Hidacio</a> e <a href="/wiki/Marti%C3%B1o_de_Dumio" title="Martiño de Dumio">Martiño de Dumio</a>, e no <a href="/wiki/Itinerario_de_Antonino" title="Itinerario de Antonino">Itinerario de Antonino</a>. </p><p>Trátanse de breves descricións de Galicia que, como a feita por <a href="/wiki/Pomponio_Mela" title="Pomponio Mela">Mela</a> na súa obra <i>Coreografía</i>, achegan poucos datos, e que neste caso fala do territorio dos <i>Celtici</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Véxase_tamén"><span id="V.C3.A9xase_tam.C3.A9n"></span>Véxase tamén</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar a sección: «Véxase tamén»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Véxase tamén"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliografía"><span id="Bibliograf.C3.ADa"></span>Bibliografía</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar a sección: «Bibliografía»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Bibliografía"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Felipe_Arias" title="Felipe Arias">Arias Vilas, Felipe</a>. <i>A Romanización de Galicia</i>. Historia de Galicia 4. <a href="/wiki/Edici%C3%B3ns_A_Nosa_Terra" title="Edicións A Nosa Terra">Edicións A Nosa Terra</a>. (<a href="/wiki/1992" title="1992">1992</a>).</li> <li>Tranoy, Alain. <i>La Galice Romaine</i>. Pub. du Centre Pierre <a href="/wiki/Par%C3%ADs" title="París">París</a>, 7. (<a href="/wiki/1981" title="1981">1981</a>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Outros_artigos">Outros artigos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar a sección: «Outros artigos»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Outros artigos"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arquitectura_romana_en_Galicia" title="Arquitectura romana en Galicia">Arquitectura romana en Galicia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallaecia" title="Gallaecia">Gallaecia</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ligazóns_externas"><span id="Ligaz.C3.B3ns_externas"></span>Ligazóns externas</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar a sección: «Ligazóns externas»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>editar</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Romanizaci%C3%B3n_de_Galicia&amp;action=edit&amp;section=5" title="Editar o código fonte da sección: Ligazóns externas"><span>editar a fonte</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080509142913/http://moana.servidores.net/libros/romanizacion.txt">Xosé C. Villaverde Román, <i>A Romanización do Morrazo.</i> Agrupación Cultural NÓS, agosto (2000)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.it/t/a-romanizacion-de-galicia">Recompilación de novas na prensa sobre a romanización de Galicia</a><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131002021032/http://www.scoop.it/t/a-romanizacion-de-galicia">Arquivado</a> 02 de outubro de 2013 en <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/65038363">Vídeo sobre a romanización de Galicia no Museo Provincial de Lugo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/43662703">Vídeo sobre a romanización de Galicia no Museo do Castelo de Santo Antón da Coruña</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vimeo.com/56086272">Vídeo sobre a romanización de Galicia no Museo Arqueolóxico de Ourense</a></li></ul> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐b56b5d65d‐bpwmc Cached time: 20241202145036 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.080 seconds Real time usage: 0.390 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 501/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 4476/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 1383/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 7/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time usage: 0.028/10.000 seconds Lua memory usage: 1187907/52428800 bytes Number of Wikibase entities loaded: 1/400 --> <!-- Transclusion expansion time report (%,ms,calls,template) 100.00% 124.002 1 -total 71.96% 89.235 1 Modelo:Control_de_autoridades 11.70% 14.505 1 Modelo:Webarchive 7.80% 9.675 1 Modelo:1000_artigos_icona_título 5.76% 7.147 1 Modelo:Icona_en_título 4.43% 5.494 1 Modelo:Historia 3.72% 4.611 4 Modelo:Legend --> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key glwiki:pcache:21360:|#|:idhash:canonical and timestamp 20241202145036 and revision id 6791606. 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