CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>SMART-1 - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"56420dd5-f805-4f95-8e57-d67c5aa00931","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"SMART-1","wgTitle":"SMART-1","wgCurRevisionId":1256021083,"wgRevisionId":1256021083,"wgArticleId":206217,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use dmy dates from May 2020","Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas","Commons link from Wikidata","LQ26 quadrangle","Missions to the Moon","Hall effect","European Space Agency space probes","Space programme of Sweden","Space probes launched in 2003","Spacecraft that impacted the Moon","2003 establishments in South America","2006 on the Moon"], "wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"SMART-1","wgRelevantArticleId":206217,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q213498", "wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js", "ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.WikiMiniAtlas","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/1200px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="847"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/800px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="564"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/640px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="451"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="SMART-1 - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-SMART-1 rootpage-SMART-1 skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=SMART-1" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=SMART-1" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=SMART-1" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=SMART-1" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Spacecraft_design" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Spacecraft_design"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Spacecraft design</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Spacecraft_design-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Instruments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Instruments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-AMIE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#AMIE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>AMIE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-AMIE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-D-CIXS" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#D-CIXS"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>D-CIXS</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-D-CIXS-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-XSM" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#XSM"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>XSM</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-XSM-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SIR" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SIR"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>SIR</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SIR-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-EPDP" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#EPDP"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>EPDP</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-EPDP-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-SPEDE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#SPEDE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>SPEDE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-SPEDE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-KATE" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#KATE"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.7</span> <span>KATE</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-KATE-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flight" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flight"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Flight</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Flight-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Flight subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Flight-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Lunar_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lunar_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Lunar impact</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lunar_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Important_events_and_discoveries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Important_events_and_discoveries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Important events and discoveries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Important_events_and_discoveries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart-1_Ground_Segment_and_Operations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart-1_Ground_Segment_and_Operations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Smart-1 Ground Segment and Operations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart-1_Ground_Segment_and_Operations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Smart-1_Mission_Phases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Smart-1_Mission_Phases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Smart-1 Mission Phases</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Smart-1_Mission_Phases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SMART-1</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 32 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-32" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">32 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA_1" title="سمارت 1 – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سمارت 1" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2-1" title="СМАРТ-1 – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="СМАРТ-1" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA-%DB%B1" title="اسمارت-۱ – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اسمارت-۱" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_1" title="Smart 1 – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Smart 1" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_1" title="Smart 1 – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Smart 1" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98-1" title="סמארט-1 – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סמארט-1" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART%E2%80%931" title="SMART–1 – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="SMART–1" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%83%881" title="スマート1 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="スマート1" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-1" title="Смарт-1 – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Смарт-1" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%9C%D0%90%D0%A0%D0%A2-1" title="СМАРТ-1 – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="СМАРТ-1" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82-1" title="Смарт-1 – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Смарт-1" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" title="SMART-1 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="SMART-1" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213498#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/SMART-1" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:SMART-1" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/SMART-1"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/SMART-1"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/SMART-1" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/SMART-1" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Special pages</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&oldid=1256021083" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=SMART-1&id=1256021083&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSMART-1"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSMART-1"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=SMART-1&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SMART-1" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q213498" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">European Space Agency satellite that orbited the Moon</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the electric crossover SUV, see <a href="/wiki/Smart_1" title="Smart 1">Smart 1</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1089065853">.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight{width:25em}.mw-parser-output .ib-spaceflight .infobox-header{background:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .ib-edit-wd{float:right}</style><table class="infobox ib-spaceflight"><caption class="infobox-title">SMART-1</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/260px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg" decoding="async" width="260" height="183" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/390px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg/520px-Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3035" data-file-height="2141" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Artist's impression of SMART-1</div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission type</th><td class="infobox-data">Technology<br />Lunar orbiter</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Operator</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">ESA</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/International_Designator" title="International Designator">COSPAR ID</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=2003-043C">2003-043C</a></span><span class="ib-edit-wd"> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213498#P247" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_Catalog_Number" title="Satellite Catalog Number">SATCAT <abbr title="number">no.</abbr></a></th><td class="infobox-data">27949</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/index.html">SMART-1</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Mission duration</th><td class="infobox-data">2 years, 11 months, 6 days, 6 hours, 27 minutes, 36 seconds</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Spacecraft properties</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Space_Corporation" title="Swedish Space Corporation">Swedish Space Corporation</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch mass</th><td class="infobox-data">367 kilograms (809 lb)<sup id="cite_ref-SMART-1_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMART-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Dry mass</th><td class="infobox-data">287 kilograms (633 lb)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Start of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch date</th><td class="infobox-data">27 September 2003, 23:14:46<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtstart">2003-09-27UTC23:14:46Z</span>)</span> UTC <sup id="cite_ref-SMART-1_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMART-1-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Rocket</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5G</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Launch site</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Kourou</a> <a href="/wiki/ELA-3" title="ELA-3">ELA-3</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Contractor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">End of mission</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Decay date</th><td class="infobox-data">3 September 2006, 05:42:22<span style="display:none"> (<span class="dtend">2006-09-03UTC05:42:23Z</span>)</span> UTC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Orbital parameters</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Reference system</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Selenocentric_orbit" class="mw-redirect" title="Selenocentric orbit">Selenocentric</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_eccentricity" title="Orbital eccentricity">Eccentricity</a></th><td class="infobox-data">0.352054</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Periselene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">2,205 kilometres (1,370 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Apsis" title="Apsis">Aposelene altitude</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,600 kilometres (2,900 mi)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_inclination" title="Orbital inclination">Inclination</a></th><td class="infobox-data">90.26 degrees</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Orbital_period" title="Orbital period">Period</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4.95 hours</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Epoch_(astronomy)" title="Epoch (astronomy)">Epoch</a></th><td class="infobox-data">18 July 2005, 11:14:28 UTC</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background: #ddf;"><a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Lunar</a> orbiter</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Orbital insertion</th><td class="infobox-data">15 November 2004</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Impact site</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=SMART-1&params=34.262_S_46.193_W_globe:moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′43″S</span> <span class="longitude">46°11′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.262°S 46.193°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.262; -46.193</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-astromag_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astromag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox collapsible collapsed"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:95%"><span style="font-size:105%;">Instruments</span></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">AMIE</th><td class="infobox-data">Advanced Moon micro-Imager Experiment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">D-CIXS</th><td class="infobox-data">Demonstration of a Compact X-ray Spectrometer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">EPDP</th><td class="infobox-data">Electric Propulsion Diagnostic Package</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">KATE</th><td class="infobox-data">Ka band TT&C Experiment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">SIR</th><td class="infobox-data">Smart-1 Infrared Spectrometer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">SPEDE</th><td class="infobox-data">Spacecraft Potential, Electron and Dust Experiment</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">XSM</th><td class="infobox-data">X-ray Solar Monitor</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SMART-1_insignia.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="ISO legacy mission insignia" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/SMART-1_insignia.png/180px-SMART-1_insignia.png" decoding="async" width="180" height="102" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/SMART-1_insignia.png/270px-SMART-1_insignia.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/02/SMART-1_insignia.png/360px-SMART-1_insignia.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="227" /></a></span><br />Legacy ESA insignia for the <i>SMART-1</i> mission <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>SMART-1</b> was a Swedish-designed <a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a> <a href="/wiki/Satellite" title="Satellite">satellite</a> that <a href="/wiki/Orbit" title="Orbit">orbited</a> the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a>. It was launched on 27 September 2003 at 23:14 <a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a> from the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kourou" title="Kourou">Kourou</a>, <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>. "SMART-1" stands for <b>Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology-1</b>. On 3 September 2006 (05:42 UTC), SMART-1 was deliberately crashed into the Moon's surface, ending its mission.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spacecraft_design">Spacecraft design</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Spacecraft design"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SMART-1 was about one meter across (3.3 ft), and lightweight in comparison to other probes. Its launch mass was 367 kg or 809 pounds, of which 287 kg (633 lb) was non-propellant. </p><p>It was propelled by a solar-powered <a href="/wiki/Hall-effect_thruster" title="Hall-effect thruster">Hall-effect thruster</a> (Snecma <a href="/wiki/PPS-1350" title="PPS-1350">PPS-1350</a>-G) using 82 kg of <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> gas contained in a 50 <a href="/wiki/Litre" title="Litre">litres</a> tank at a pressure of 150 bar at launch. The <a href="/wiki/Ion_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Ion engine">ion engine</a> thruster used an <a href="/wiki/Electrostatic_field" class="mw-redirect" title="Electrostatic field">electrostatic field</a> to ionize the xenon and accelerate the <a href="/wiki/Ion" title="Ion">ions</a> achieving a <a href="/wiki/Specific_impulse" title="Specific impulse">specific impulse</a> of 16.1 kN·s/kg (1,640 seconds), more than three times the maximum for chemical rockets. One kg of propellant (1/350 to 1/300 of the total mass of the spacecraft) produced a <a href="/wiki/Delta-v" title="Delta-v">delta-v</a> of about 45 m/s. The electric propulsion subsystem weighted 29 kg with a peak power consumption of 1,200 watts. SMART-1 was the first in the program of ESA's Small Missions for Advanced Research and Technology. </p><p>The solar arrays made capable of 1850 W at the beginning of the mission, were able to provide the maximum set of 1,190 W to the thruster, giving a nominal thrust of 68 mN, hence an acceleration of 0.2 mm/s<sup>2</sup> or 0.7 m/s per hour (i.e., just under 0.00002 <a href="/wiki/G-force" title="G-force"><i>g</i></a> of acceleration). As with all ion-engine powered craft, <a href="/wiki/Orbital_maneuver" title="Orbital maneuver">orbital maneuvers</a> were not carried out in short bursts but very gradually. The particular trajectory taken by SMART-1 to the Moon required thrusting for about one third to one half of every orbit. When spiraling away from the Earth thrusting was done on the <a href="/wiki/Perigee" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigee">perigee</a> part of the orbit. At the end of the mission, the thruster had demonstrated the following capability: </p> <ul><li>Thruster operating time: 5000 h</li> <li>Xenon throughput: 82 kg</li> <li>Total Impulse: 1.2 MN-s</li> <li>Total ΔV: 3.9 km/s</li></ul> <p>As part of the European Space Agency's strategy to build very inexpensive and relatively small <a href="/wiki/Spacecraft" title="Spacecraft">spaceships</a>, the total cost of SMART-1 was a relatively small 110 million <a href="/wiki/Euro" title="Euro">euros</a> (about 170 million <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollars</a>). SMART-1 was designed and developed by the <a href="/wiki/Swedish_Space_Corporation" title="Swedish Space Corporation">Swedish Space Corporation</a> on behalf of <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a>. Assembly of the spacecraft was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Saab_Space" class="mw-redirect" title="Saab Space">Saab Space</a> in <a href="/wiki/Link%C3%B6ping" title="Linköping">Linköping</a>. Tests of the spacecraft were directed by Swedish Space Corporation and executed by Saab Space. The project manager at <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> was Giuseppe Racca until the spacecraft achieved the moon operational orbit. He was then replaced by <a href="/wiki/Gerhard_Schwehm" title="Gerhard Schwehm">Gerhard Schwehm</a> for the Science phase. The project manager at the Swedish Space Corporation was Peter Rathsman. The Principal Project Scientist was <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Foing" title="Bernard Foing">Bernard Foing</a>. The Ground Segment Manager during the preparation phase was Mike McKay and the Spacecraft Operations manager was <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/octavio-camino-ramos-06ab73b/">Octavio Camino</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Instruments">Instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="AMIE">AMIE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: AMIE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Advanced Moon micro-Imager Experiment was a miniature colour camera for lunar imaging. The CCD camera with three filters of 750, 900 and 950 nm was able to take images with an average pixel resolution of 80 m (about 260 ft). The camera weighed 2.1 kg (about 4.5 lb) and had a power consumption of 9 watts.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="D-CIXS">D-CIXS</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: D-CIXS"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Demonstration of a Compact X-ray Spectrometer was an <a href="/wiki/X-ray_telescope" title="X-ray telescope">X-ray telescope</a> for the identification of chemical elements on the lunar surface. It detected the <a href="/wiki/X-ray_fluorescence" title="X-ray fluorescence">X-ray fluorescence</a> (XRF) of crystal compounds created through the interaction of the electron shell with the solar wind particles to measure the abundance of the three main components: <a href="/wiki/Magnesium" title="Magnesium">magnesium</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silicon" title="Silicon">silicon</a> and <a href="/wiki/Aluminium" title="Aluminium">aluminium</a>. The detection of <a href="/wiki/Iron" title="Iron">iron</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calcium" title="Calcium">calcium</a> and <a href="/wiki/Titanium" title="Titanium">titanium</a> depended on the solar activity. The detection range for X-rays was 0.5 to 10 keV. The spectrometer and XSM (described below) together weighed 5.2 kg and had a power consumption of 18 watts. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="XSM">XSM</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: XSM"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The X-ray solar monitor studied the <a href="/wiki/Solar_variation" class="mw-redirect" title="Solar variation">solar variability</a> to complement D-CIXS measurements. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SIR">SIR</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: SIR"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Smart-1 Infrared Spectrometer was an <a href="/wiki/Infrared_spectroscopy" title="Infrared spectroscopy">infrared spectrometer</a> for the identification of mineral spectra of <a href="/wiki/Olivine" title="Olivine">olivine</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pyroxene" title="Pyroxene">pyroxene</a>. It detected wavelengths from 0.93 to 2.4 μm with 256 channels. The package weighed 2.3 kg and had a power consumption of 4.1 watts.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="EPDP">EPDP</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: EPDP"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Electric Propulsion Diagnostic Package was to acquire data on the new propulsion system on SMART-1. The package weighed 0.8 kg and had a power consumption of 1.8 watts.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="SPEDE">SPEDE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: SPEDE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Spacecraft Potential, Electron and Dust Experiment. The experiment weighed 0.8 kg and had a power consumption of 1.8 watts. Its function was to measure the properties and density of the plasma around the spacecraft, either as a Langmuir probe or as an electric field probe. SPEDE observed the emission of the spacecraft's ion engine and the "wake" the Moon leaves to the <a href="/wiki/Solar_wind" title="Solar wind">solar wind</a>. Unlike most other instruments that have to be shut down to prevent damage, SPEDE could keep measuring inside radiation belts and in solar storms, such as the <a href="/wiki/Halloween_solar_storms,_2003" class="mw-redirect" title="Halloween solar storms, 2003">Halloween 2003 solar storms</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt2014_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was built by <a href="/wiki/Finnish_Meteorological_Institute" title="Finnish Meteorological Institute">Finnish Meteorological Institute</a> and its name was intentionally chosen so that its acronym is the same as the nickname of <a href="/wiki/Spede_Pasanen" title="Spede Pasanen">Spede Pasanen</a>, a famous Finnish movie actor, movie producer, and inventor. The algorithms developed for SPEDE were later used in the <a href="/wiki/ESA" class="mw-redirect" title="ESA">ESA</a> lander <a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Schmidt2014_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Schmidt2014-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="KATE">KATE</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: KATE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Ka_band" title="Ka band">K<sub>a</sub> band</a> TT&C (telemetry, tracking and control) Experiment. The experiment weighed 6.2 kg and had a power consumption of 26 watts. The Ka-band transponder was designed as precursor for <a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> to perform radio science investigations and to monitor the dynamical performance of the electric propulsion system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Flight">Flight</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Flight"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SMART-1 was launched 27 September 2003 together with <a href="/wiki/INSAT-3E" title="INSAT-3E">Insat 3E</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eurobird_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurobird 3">eBird 1</a>, by an <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a> rocket from the <a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana Space Centre</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">French Guiana</a>. After 42 minutes it was released into a <a href="/wiki/Geostationary_transfer_orbit" title="Geostationary transfer orbit">geostationary transfer orbit</a> of 7,035 × 42,223 km. From there it used its Solar Electric Primary Propulsion (SEPP) to gradually spiral out during thirteen months. </p><p>The orbit can be seen up to 26 October 2004 at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spaceref.com/news/viewsr.html?pid=14345">spaceref.com</a>, when the orbit was 179,718 × 305,214 km. On that date, after the 289th engine pulse, the SEPP had accumulated a total on-time of nearly 3,648 hours out of a total flight time of 8,000 hours, hence a little less than half of its total mission. It consumed about 58.8 kg of <a href="/wiki/Xenon" title="Xenon">xenon</a> and produced a delta-v of 2,737 m/s (46.5 m/s per kg xenon, 0.75 m/s per hour on-time). It was powered on again on 15 November for a planned burn of 4.5 days to enter fully into lunar orbit. It took until February 2005 using the electric thruster to decelerate into the final orbit 300–3,000 km above the Moon's surface.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The end of mission performance demonstrated by the propulsion system is stated above. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Summary of <a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">osculating</a> geocentric orbital elements</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th abbr="Epoch">Epoch (UTC) </th> <th abbr="Perigee">Perigee (km) </th> <th abbr="Apogee">Apogee (km) </th> <th>Eccentricity </th> <th abbr="Inclination">Inclination (deg)<br />(to Earth equator) </th> <th abbr="Period">Period (h) </th></tr> <tr> <th>27 September 2003 </th> <td align="right">~7,035</td> <td align="right">~42,223</td> <td align="right">~0.714</td> <td align="right">~6.9</td> <td align="right">~10.6833 </td></tr> <tr> <th>26 October 2003, 21:20:00.0 </th> <td align="right">8,687.994</td> <td align="right">44,178.401</td> <td align="right">0.671323</td> <td align="right">6.914596</td> <td align="right">11.880450 </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 November 2003, 04:29:48.4 </th> <td align="right">10,843.910</td> <td align="right">46,582.165</td> <td align="right">0.622335</td> <td align="right">6.861354</td> <td align="right">13.450152 </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 December 2003, 06:41:47.6 </th> <td align="right">13,390.351</td> <td align="right">49,369.049</td> <td align="right">0.573280</td> <td align="right">6.825455</td> <td align="right">15.366738 </td></tr> <tr> <th>29 December 2003, 05:21:47.8 </th> <td align="right">17,235.509</td> <td align="right">54,102.642</td> <td align="right">0.516794</td> <td align="right">6.847919</td> <td align="right">18.622855 </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 February 2004, 22:46:08.6 </th> <td align="right">20,690.564</td> <td align="right">65,869.222</td> <td align="right">0.521936</td> <td align="right">6.906311</td> <td align="right">24.890737 </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 March 2004, 00:40:52.7 </th> <td align="right">20,683.545</td> <td align="right">66,915.919</td> <td align="right">0.527770</td> <td align="right">6.979793</td> <td align="right">25.340528 </td></tr> <tr> <th>25 August 2004, 00:00:00 </th> <td align="right">37,791.261</td> <td align="right">240,824.363</td> <td align="right">0.728721</td> <td align="right">6.939815</td> <td align="right">143.738051 </td></tr> <tr> <th>19 October 2004, 21:30:45.9 </th> <td align="right">69,959.278</td> <td align="right">292,632.424</td> <td align="right">0.614115</td> <td align="right">12.477919</td> <td align="right">213.397970 </td></tr> <tr> <th>24 October 2004, 06:12:40.9 </th> <td align="right">179,717.894</td> <td align="right">305,214.126</td> <td align="right">0.258791</td> <td align="right">20.591807</td> <td align="right">330.053834 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>After its last <a href="/wiki/Perigee" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigee">perigee</a> on 2 November,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> on 11 November 2004 it passed through the <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#Earth–Moon" title="Lagrange point">Earth-Moon</a> L<sub>1</sub> <a href="/wiki/Lagrangian_Point" class="mw-redirect" title="Lagrangian Point">Lagrangian Point</a> and into the area dominated by the Moon's <a href="/wiki/Gravity" title="Gravity">gravitational</a> influence, and at 1748 <a href="/wiki/Universal_Time" title="Universal Time">UT</a> on 15 November passed the first <a href="/wiki/Periselene" class="mw-redirect" title="Periselene">periselene</a> of its lunar orbit. The <a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">osculating orbit</a> on that date was 6,704 × 53,208 km,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> with an orbital period of 129 hours, although the actual orbit was accomplished in only 89 hours. This illustrates the significant impact that the engine burns have on the orbit and marks the meaning of the osculating orbit, which is the orbit that would be travelled by the spacecraft if at that instant all perturbations, including thrust, would cease. </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption><b>Summary of <a href="/wiki/Osculating_orbit" title="Osculating orbit">osculating</a> selenocentric orbital elements</b> </caption> <tbody><tr> <th abbr="Epochea">Epoch (UTC) </th> <th abbr="Periseleneaa">Periselene (km) </th> <th abbr="Aposeleneaa">Aposelene (km) </th> <th>Eccentricity </th> <th abbr="Inclinationaa">Inclination (deg)<br />(to Moon equator) </th> <th abbr="Periodic">Period (h) </th></tr> <tr> <th>15 November 2004, 17:47:12.1 </th> <td align="right">6,700.720</td> <td align="right">53,215.151</td> <td align="right">0.776329</td> <td align="right">81.085</td> <td align="right">129.247777 </td></tr> <tr> <th>4 December 2004 10:37:47.3 </th> <td align="right">5,454.925</td> <td align="right">20,713.095</td> <td align="right">0.583085</td> <td align="right">83.035</td> <td align="right">37.304959 </td></tr> <tr> <th>9 January 2005, 15:24:55.0 </th> <td align="right">2,751.511</td> <td align="right">6,941.359</td> <td align="right">0.432261</td> <td align="right">87.892</td> <td align="right">8.409861 </td></tr> <tr> <th>28 February 2005, 05:18:39.9 </th> <td align="right">2,208.659</td> <td align="right">4,618.220</td> <td align="right">0.352952</td> <td align="right">90.063603</td> <td align="right">4.970998 </td></tr> <tr> <th>25 April 2005, 08:19:05.4 </th> <td align="right">2,283.738</td> <td align="right">4,523.111</td> <td align="right">0.328988</td> <td align="right">90.141407</td> <td align="right">4.949137 </td></tr> <tr> <th>16 May 2005, 09:08:52.9 </th> <td align="right">2,291.250</td> <td align="right">4,515.857</td> <td align="right">0.326807</td> <td align="right">89.734929</td> <td align="right">4.949919 </td></tr> <tr> <th>20 June 2005, 10:21:37.1 </th> <td align="right">2,256.090</td> <td align="right">4,549.196</td> <td align="right">0.336960</td> <td align="right">90.232619</td> <td align="right">4.947432 </td></tr> <tr> <th>18 July 2005, 11:14:28.0 </th> <td align="right">2,204.645</td> <td align="right">4,600.376</td> <td align="right">0.352054</td> <td align="right">90.263741</td> <td align="right">4.947143 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>ESA announced on 15 February 2005 an extension of the mission of <i>SMART-1</i> by one year until August 2006. This date was later shifted to 3 September 2006 to enable further scientific observations from Earth.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lunar_impact">Lunar impact</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Lunar impact"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>SMART-1 impacted the Moon's surface, as planned, on 3 September 2006 at 05:42:22 <a href="/wiki/Universal_Coordinated_Time" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Coordinated Time">UTC</a>, ending its mission. Moving at approximately 2,000 m/s (4,500 mph), SMART-1 created an impact visible with ground telescopes from Earth. It is hoped that not only will this provide some data simulating a <a href="/wiki/Meteor_impact" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteor impact">meteor impact</a>, but also that it might expose materials in the ground, like water ice, to <a href="/wiki/Spectroscopy" title="Spectroscopy">spectroscopic analysis</a>. </p><p>ESA originally estimated that impact occurred at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=SMART-1&params=34.4_S_46.2_W_globe:Moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°24′S</span> <span class="longitude">46°12′W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.4°S 46.2°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.4; -46.2</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2017, the impact site was identified from <a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a> data at <span class="geo-inline"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=SMART-1&params=34.262_S_46.193_W_globe:Moon"><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">34°15′43″S</span> <span class="longitude">46°11′35″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">34.262°S 46.193°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-34.262; -46.193</span></span></span></a></span></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-astromag_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-astromag-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of impact, the Moon was visible in North and South America, and places in the Pacific Ocean, but not Europe, Africa, or western Asia. </p><p>This project has generated data and know-how that will be used for other missions, such as the ESA's <a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> mission to <a href="/wiki/Mercury_(planet)" title="Mercury (planet)">Mercury</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Important_events_and_discoveries">Important events and discoveries</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Important events and discoveries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table align="right"> <tbody><tr style="vertical-align: bottom;"> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> <ul><li>27 September 2003: SMART-1 launched from the European Spaceport in Kourou by an <a href="/wiki/Ariane_5" title="Ariane 5">Ariane 5</a> launcher.</li> <li>17 June 2004: SMART-1 took a test image of Earth with the camera that would later be used for Moon closeup pictures. It shows parts of Europe and Africa. It was taken on 21 May with the AMIE camera.</li> <li>2 November 2004: Last <a href="/wiki/Perigee" class="mw-redirect" title="Perigee">perigee</a> of Earth orbit.</li> <li>15 November 2004: First <a href="/wiki/Perilune" class="mw-redirect" title="Perilune">perilune</a> of lunar orbit.</li> <li>15 January 2005: Calcium detected in <a href="/wiki/Mare_Crisium" title="Mare Crisium">Mare Crisium</a>.</li> <li>26 January 2005: First close up pictures of the lunar surface sent back.</li> <li>27 February 2005: Reached final orbit around the Moon with an orbital period of about five hours.</li> <li>15 April 2005: The search for <a href="/wiki/Peak_of_Eternal_Light" class="mw-redirect" title="Peak of Eternal Light">PELs</a> begins.</li> <li>3 September 2006: Mission ends with a planned crash into the Moon during orbit number 2,890.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smart-1_Ground_Segment_and_Operations">Smart-1 Ground Segment and Operations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Smart-1 Ground Segment and Operations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg/220px-ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg/330px-ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg/440px-ESA%27s_SMART-1-_testing_solar_electric_propulsion_and_studying_the_Moon_ESA194476.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1179" data-file-height="1476" /></a><figcaption>Smart-1 spacecraft</figcaption></figure> <p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/SMART-1">Smart-1</a> operations were conducted from the ESA European Space Operations Center <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/About_Us/ESOC">ESOC</a> in Darmstadt Germany led by the Spacecraft Operations Manager <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.linkedin.com/in/octavio-camino-ramos-06ab73b/">Octavio Camino</a>. </p><p>The ground segment of Smart-1 was a good example of infrastructure reuse at ESA: Flight Dynamics infrastructure and Data distribution System (DDS) from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Rosetta">Rosetta</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Science_Exploration/Space_Science/Mars_Express">Mars Express</a> and <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Venus_Express">Venus Express</a>. The generic mission control system software <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/gse/SCOS-2000">SCOS 2000</a>, and a set of generic interface elements use at ESA for the operations of their missions. </p><p>The use of CCSDS TLM and TC standards permitted a cost effective tailoring of seven different terminals of the ESA Tracking network (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Estrack">ESTRACK</a>) plus <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dlr.de/content/en/sites/weilheim.html">Weilheim</a> in Germany (DLR). </p><p>The components that were developed specifically for Smart-1 were: the simulator; a mix of hardware and software derived from the Electrical Ground Support Equipment EGSE equipment, the Mission Planning System and the Automation System developed from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rheagroup.com/news/new-generation-toolset-mission-operations-preparation-and-validation">MOIS</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190803032612/https://www.rheagroup.com/news/new-generation-toolset-mission-operations-preparation-and-validation">Archived</a> 3 August 2019 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (this last based on a prototype implemented for <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://earth.esa.int/web/guest/missions/esa-operational-eo-missions/envisat">Envisat</a>) and a suite of engineering tools called <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/WebMUST_br_A_web-based_client_for_MUST">MUST</a>. This last permitted the Smart-1 engineers to do anomaly investigation through internet, pioneering at ESA monitoring of spacecraft TLM using mobile phones and <a href="/wiki/Personal_digital_assistant" title="Personal digital assistant">PDAs</a> and receiving spacecraft alarms via <a href="/wiki/SMS" title="SMS">SMS</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Mission Control Team was composed of seven engineers in the Flight Control Team FCT, a variable group between 2–5 Flight Dynamics engineers and 1–2 Data Systems engineers. Unlike most ESA missions, there were no Spacecraft Controllers (SPACONs), and all operations and mission-planning activities were done by the FCT. This concept originated overtime and night shifts during the first months of the mission but worked well during the cruise and the Moon phases. The major concern during the first three months of the mission was to leave the radiation belts as soon as possible in order to minimize the degradation of the solar arrays and the star tracker CCDs. </p><p>The first and most critical problem came after the first revolution when a failure in the onboard Error Detection and Correction (EDAC) algorithm triggered an autonomous switch to the redundant computer in every orbit causing several reboots, finding the spacecraft in SAFE mode after every pericenter passage. The analysis of the spacecraft telemetry pointed directly to a radiation-triggered problem with the EDAC interrupt routine.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other anomalies during this period were a combination of environmental problems: high radiation doses, especially in the star trackers and onboard software anomalies: the Reed Solomon encoding became corrupt after switching data rates and had to be disabled. It was overcome by procedures and changes on ground operations approach. The star trackers were also subject of frequent hiccups during the earth escape and caused some of the Electric Propulsion (EP) interruptions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They were all resolved with several software patches. </p><p>The EP showed sensitivity to radiation inducing shutdowns. This phenomenon identified as the Opto-coupler Single Event Transient (OSET), initially seen in LEOP during the first firing using cathode B, was characterized by a rapid drop in Anode Current triggering the alarm 'Flame Out' bit causing the shutdown of the EP. The problem was identified to be radiation induced Opto-coupler sensitivity. The recovery of such events was to restart the thruster. This was manually done during several months until an On Board Software Patch (OBSW) was developed to detect it and initiate an autonomous thruster restart. Its impact was limited to the orbit prediction calculation used for the Ground Stations to track the spacecraft and the subsequent orbit corrections. </p><p>The different kind of anomalies and the frequent interruptions in the thrust of the Electric Propulsion led to an increase of the ground stations support and overtime of the flight operations team who had to react quickly. Their recovery was sometimes time consuming, especially when the spacecraft was found in SAFE mode.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Overall, they impeded to run the operations as originally planned having one 8 hours pass every 4 days. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity,_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif/220px-Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="247" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif/330px-Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif/440px-Once_SMART-1_has_been_captured_by_the_Moon%27s_gravity%2C_it_begins_to_work_its_way_closer_to_the_lunar_surface_ESA234908.gif 2x" data-file-width="2841" data-file-height="3189" /></a><figcaption>Smart-1 Moon orbit descend</figcaption></figure> <p>The mission negotiated the use the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/Enabling_Support/Operations/Estrack">ESTRACK</a> network spare capacity. This concept permitted about eight times additional network coverage at no extra cost but originated unexpected overheads and conflicts. It ultimately permitted additional contacts with the spacecraft during the early stage of the mission and an important increase of science during the Moon phase. This phase required a major reconfiguration of the on-board stores and its operation. This change designed by the flight control team at ESOC and implemented by the Swedish Space Corporation in a short time required to re-write part of the Flight Control Procedures FOP for the operations at the Moon. </p><p>The Operations during the Moon phase become highly automated: the flight dynamics pointing was "menu driven" allowing more than 98% of commanding being generated by the Mission Planning System MPS. The extension of the MPS system with the so called MOIS Executor,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> became the Smart-1 automation system. It permitted to operate 70% of the passes unmanned towards the end of the mission and allowed the validation of the first operational "spacecraft automation system" at ESA.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The mission achieved all its objectives: getting out of the radiation belts influence 3 months after launch, spiraling out during 11 months and being captured by the Moon using resonances, the commissioning and operations of all instruments during the cruise phase and the optimization of the navigation and operational procedures required for Electric Propulsion operation.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The efficient operations of the Electric Propulsion at the Moon allowed the reduction of the orbital radius benefiting the scientific operations and extending this mission by one extra year. </p><p>A detailed chronology of the operations events is provided in ref.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Smart-1_Mission_Phases">Smart-1 Mission Phases</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Smart-1 Mission Phases"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Launch and Early Orbit Phase: Launch on 27 September 2003, initial orbit 7,029 x 42263 km.</li> <li>Van Allen Belt Escape: Continuous thrust strategy to raise the perigee radius. Escape phase completed by 22 December 2003, orbit 20000 x 63427 km.</li> <li>Earth Escape Cruise: Thrust around perigee only to raise the apogee radius.</li> <li>Moon resonances and Capture: Trajectory assists by means of Moon resonances. Moon capture on 15 November 2004 at 310,000 km from the Earth and 90,000 km from the Moon.</li> <li>Lunar Descent: Thrust used to lower the orbit, operational orbit 2,200 x 4,600 km.</li> <li>Lunar Science: Until the end of lifetime in September 2006, interrupted only by a one-month re-boost phase in September 2005 to optimize the lunar orbit.</li> <li>Orbit re-boost: Phase in June/July 2006 using the attitude thrusters to adjust the impact date and time.</li> <li>Moon Impact: Operations from July 2006 until the impact on 3 September 2006.</li></ul> <p>The full mission phases from the operations perspective is documented in<sup id="cite_ref-:12_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:12-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the performance of the different subsystems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/28px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/42px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/RocketSunIcon.svg/56px-RocketSunIcon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Spaceflight" title="Portal:Spaceflight">Spaceflight portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-SMART-1-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SMART-1_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMART-1_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/smart-1/in-depth/">"SMART-1"</a>. NASA's Solar System Exploration website<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SMART-1&rft.pub=NASA%27s+Solar+System+Exploration+website&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsolarsystem.nasa.gov%2Fmissions%2Fsmart-1%2Fin-depth%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-astromag-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-astromag_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-astromag_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlesman2017" class="citation web cs1">Klesman, Alison (22 September 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://astronomy.com/news/2017/09/a-lunar-orbiters-final-resting-place">"New observations reveal a lunar orbiter's final resting place"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Astronomy_(magazine)" title="Astronomy (magazine)">Astronomy Magazine</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 September</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Astronomy+Magazine&rft.atitle=New+observations+reveal+a+lunar+orbiter%27s+final+resting+place&rft.date=2017-09-22&rft.aulast=Klesman&rft.aufirst=Alison&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fastronomy.com%2Fnews%2F2017%2F09%2Fa-lunar-orbiters-final-resting-place&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/5309656.stm">"Probe crashes into Moon's surface"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 3 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 May</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Probe+crashes+into+Moon%27s+surface&rft.date=2006-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F1%2Fhi%2Fsci%2Ftech%2F5309656.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJosset_J._L.Beauvivre_S.Cerroni_P.De_Sanctis_M._C.2006" class="citation journal cs1">Josset J. L.; Beauvivre S.; Cerroni P.; De Sanctis M. C.; et al. (2006). "Science objectives and first results from the SMART-1/AMIE multicolour micro-camera". <i>Advances in Space Research</i>. <b>37</b> (1): 14–20. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2006AdSpR..37...14J">2006AdSpR..37...14J</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.asr.2005.06.078">10.1016/j.asr.2005.06.078</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Advances+in+Space+Research&rft.atitle=Science+objectives+and+first+results+from+the+SMART-1%2FAMIE+multicolour+micro-camera&rft.volume=37&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=14-20&rft.date=2006&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.asr.2005.06.078&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2006AdSpR..37...14J&rft.au=Josset+J.+L.&rft.au=Beauvivre+S.&rft.au=Cerroni+P.&rft.au=De+Sanctis+M.+C.&rft.au=Pinet+P.&rft.au=Chevrel+S.&rft.au=Langevin+Y.&rft.au=Barucci+M.+A.&rft.au=Plancke+P.&rft.au=Koschny+D.&rft.au=Almeida+M.&rft.au=Sodnik+Z.&rft.au=Mancuso+S.&rft.au=Hoffmann+B.+A.&rft.au=Muinonen+K.&rft.au=Shevchenko+V.&rft.au=Shkuratov+Y.&rft.au=Ehrenfreund+P.&rft.au=Foing+B.+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBasilevsky_A._T.Keller_H._U.Nathues_A.Mall_J.2004" class="citation journal cs1">Basilevsky A. T.; Keller H. U.; Nathues A.; Mall J.; et al. (2004). "Scientific objectives and selection of targets for the SMART-1 Infrared Spectrometer (SIR)". <i>Planetary and Space Science</i>. <b>52</b> (14): 1261–1285. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2004P&SS...52.1261B">2004P&SS...52.1261B</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.pss.2004.09.002">10.1016/j.pss.2004.09.002</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Planetary+and+Space+Science&rft.atitle=Scientific+objectives+and+selection+of+targets+for+the+SMART-1+Infrared+Spectrometer+%28SIR%29&rft.volume=52&rft.issue=14&rft.pages=1261-1285&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.pss.2004.09.002&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2004P%26SS...52.1261B&rft.au=Basilevsky+A.+T.&rft.au=Keller+H.+U.&rft.au=Nathues+A.&rft.au=Mall+J.&rft.au=Hiesinger+H.&rft.au=Rosiek+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDi_Cara_D._M.Estublier_D.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Di Cara D. M.; Estublier D. (2005). "Smart-1: An analysis of flight data". <i>Acta Astronautica</i>. <b>57</b> (2–8): 250–256. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AcAau..57..250D">2005AcAau..57..250D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2005.03.036">10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.036</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=Smart-1%3A+An+analysis+of+flight+data&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2%E2%80%938&rft.pages=250-256&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2005.03.036&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005AcAau..57..250D&rft.au=Di+Cara+D.+M.&rft.au=Estublier+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/31415-instruments/">"ESA Science & Technology - Instruments"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=ESA+Science+%26+Technology+-+Instruments&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsci.esa.int%2Fsmart-1%2F31415-instruments%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Schmidt2014-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt2014_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Schmidt2014_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchmidt,_WalterMälkki,_Anssi2014" class="citation journal cs1">Schmidt, Walter; Mälkki, Anssi (2014). "SMART-1 SPEDE: Results and Legacy after 10 Years". <i>EGU General Assembly Conference Abstracts</i>. <b>16</b>: 13174. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2014EGUGA..1613174S">2014EGUGA..1613174S</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=EGU+General+Assembly+Conference+Abstracts&rft.atitle=SMART-1+SPEDE%3A+Results+and+Legacy+after+10+Years&rft.volume=16&rft.pages=13174&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2014EGUGA..1613174S&rft.au=Schmidt%2C+Walter&rft.au=M%C3%A4lkki%2C+Anssi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRathsman_P.Kugelberg_J.Bodin_P.Racca_G._D.2005" class="citation journal cs1">Rathsman P.; Kugelberg J.; Bodin P.; Racca G. D.; et al. (2005). "SMART-1: Development and lessons learnt". <i>Acta Astronautica</i>. <b>57</b> (2–8): 455–468. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibcode (identifier)">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ui.adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2005AcAau..57..455R">2005AcAau..57..455R</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2005.03.041">10.1016/j.actaastro.2005.03.041</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Astronautica&rft.atitle=SMART-1%3A+Development+and+lessons+learnt&rft.volume=57&rft.issue=2%E2%80%938&rft.pages=455-468&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2Fj.actaastro.2005.03.041&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2005AcAau..57..455R&rft.au=Rathsman+P.&rft.au=Kugelberg+J.&rft.au=Bodin+P.&rft.au=Racca+G.+D.&rft.au=Foing+B.&rft.au=Stagnaro&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moontoday.net/news/viewsr.html?pid=14345">SMART-1: On Course for Lunar Capture | Moon Today – Your Daily Source of Moon News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20051102120549/http://www.moontoday.net/news/viewsr.html?pid=14345">Archived</a> 2 November 2005 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.moontoday.net/news/viewsr.html?pid=14573">SMART-1 completes its first orbit around the Moon | Moon Today – Your Daily Source of Moon News</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041215100120/http://www.moontoday.net/news/viewsr.html?pid=14573">Archived</a> 15 December 2004 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/esaCP/SEMQFHL8IOE_index_0.html">ESA Portal – SMART-1 manoeuvres prepare for mission end</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060905050753/http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMBY5BVLRE_0.html">"SMART-1 impacts Moon"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></i>. 3 September 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMBY5BVLRE_0.html">the original</a> on 5 September 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 September</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=European+Space+Agency&rft.atitle=SMART-1+impacts+Moon&rft.date=2006-09-03&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.esa.int%2FSPECIALS%2FSMART-1%2FSEMBY5BVLRE_0.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/SEMV386LARE_0.html">ESA – SMART-1 – Intense final hours for SMART-1</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFESA2005" class="citation cs2">ESA, 6th ICLCPM 2005 SMART-1 Lunar Mission – Reducing Mission Operations Costs.pdf (O.Camino et al) (22 September 2005), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:6th_ICLCPM_2005_SMART-1_Lunar_Mission_-_Reducing_Mission_Operations_Costs.pdf"><i>English: SMART-1 is the first of the European Space Agency's Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology.</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English%3A+SMART-1+is+the+first+of+the+European+Space+Agency%27s+Small+Missions+for+Advanced+Research+in+Technology.&rft.date=2005-09-22&rft.aulast=ESA&rft.aufirst=6th+ICLCPM+2005+SMART-1+Lunar+Mission+%E2%80%93+Reducing+Mission+Operations+Costs.pdf+%28O.Camino+et+al%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3A6th_ICLCPM_2005_SMART-1_Lunar_Mission_-_Reducing_Mission_Operations_Costs.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_16-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamino2020" class="citation cs2">Camino, Octavio (10 February 2020), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%27s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_(114381).pdf"><i>English: Smart-1 Operations Report (O.Camino et al)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English%3A+Smart-1+Operations+Report+%28O.Camino+et+al%29&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.aulast=Camino&rft.aufirst=Octavio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ARCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%2527s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_%28114381%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:0_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SMART-1_Lunar_Mission_Star_Tracker_Operations_Experience.pdf" class="extiw" title="c:File:SMART-1 Lunar Mission Star Tracker Operations Experience.pdf">SMART</a>-1 Lunar Mission Star Tracker Operations Experience (M.Alonso)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFESA2005" class="citation cs2">ESA, SMART-1 AOCS and its relation with electric propulsion system (M.Alonso et al) (16 October 2005), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SMART-1_AOCS_and_its_relation_with_electric_propulsion_system_GNC_Alonso_Ref166673.pdf"><i>English: SMART-1 is the first of the European Space Agency's Small Missions for Advanced Research in Technology.</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English%3A+SMART-1+is+the+first+of+the+European+Space+Agency%27s+Small+Missions+for+Advanced+Research+in+Technology.&rft.date=2005-10-16&rft.aulast=ESA&rft.aufirst=SMART-1+AOCS+and+its+relation+with+electric+propulsion+system+%28M.Alonso+et+al%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ASMART-1_AOCS_and_its_relation_with_electric_propulsion_system_GNC_Alonso_Ref166673.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamino2020" class="citation cs2">Camino, Octavio (10 February 2020), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%27s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_(114381).pdf"><i>SMART-1 – Europe's Lunar Mission (O.Camino et al)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=SMART-1+%E2%80%93+Europe%27s+Lunar+Mission+%28O.Camino+et+al%29&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.aulast=Camino&rft.aufirst=Octavio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ARCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%2527s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_%28114381%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Operationally Enhanced Electric Propulsion Performance on Electrically Propelled Spacecraft (D.Milligan)<a class="external autonumber" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:SMART-1_D.Milligan_SMART-1_Electric_Propulsion_Operational_Experience.pdf">[1]</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:12_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCamino2020" class="citation cs2">Camino, Octavio (10 February 2020), <a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:RCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%27s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_(114381).pdf"><i>English: Smart-1 Operations Report (O.Camino et al)</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 May</span> 2020</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English%3A+Smart-1+Operations+Report+%28O.Camino+et+al%29&rft.date=2020-02-10&rft.aulast=Camino&rft.aufirst=Octavio&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcommons.wikimedia.org%2Fwiki%2FFile%3ARCSGSO_SMART-1_-_Europe%2527s_Lunar_Mission_-_Octavio_Camino_%28114381%29.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASMART-1" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>General</dt></dl> <ul><li>Kaydash V., Kreslavsky M., Shkuratov Yu., Gerasimenko S., Pinet P., Chevrel S., Josset J.-L., Beauvivre S., Almeida M., <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Foing" title="Bernard Foing">Foing B.</a> (2007). "PHOTOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION OF SELECTED LUNAR SITES BY SMART-1 AMIE DATA". <i>Lunar Planetary Science, XXXVIII,</i> abstract 1535, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2007/pdf/1535.pdf">[2]</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/SMART-1" class="extiw" title="commons:SMART-1"><span style="font-style:italic; font-weight:bold;">SMART-1</span></a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.esa.int/SPECIALS/SMART-1/">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q213498#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://sci.esa.int/science-e/www/area/index.cfm?fareaid=10">ESA SMART-1 scientific website</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040106163407/http://www.solarsystem.nasa.gov/missions/profile.cfm?MCode=SMART-1">SMART-1 Mission Profile</a> by <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://solarsystem.nasa.gov">NASA's Solar System Exploration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cfht.hawaii.edu/News/Smart1/">Observation of the Impact of Smart-1</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://viva-fizika.org/content.php?article.21">SMART 1 on Serbian science portal Viva fizika</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070928221629/http://viva-fizika.org/content.php?article.21">Archived</a> 28 September 2007 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lpi.usra.edu/publications/newsletters/lpib/lpib101.pdf">SMART-1, Europe at the Moon</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Moon_spacecraft" title="Template talk:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Moon_spacecraft" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Moon spacecraft"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Spacecraft_missions_to_the_Moon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">Spacecraft missions</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Moon" title="Moon">Moon</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Exploration_of_the_Moon" title="Exploration of the Moon">Exploration</a><br />programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/NASA" title="NASA">American</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_program" title="Lunar Orbiter program">Lunar Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Precursor_Robotic_Program" title="Lunar Precursor Robotic Program">Lunar Precursor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_program" title="Pioneer program">Pioneer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_program" title="Ranger program">Ranger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_program" title="Surveyor program">Surveyor</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Space_Administration" title="China National Space Administration">Chinese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">Chang'e</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISRO" title="ISRO">Indian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Space_and_Astronautical_Science" title="Institute of Space and Astronautical Science">Japanese</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Japanese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Japanese Lunar Exploration Program">Japanese Lunar Exploration Program</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korea_Aerospace_Research_Institute" title="Korea Aerospace Research Institute">South Korean</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roscosmos" title="Roscosmos">Russian</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_space_program" title="Soviet space program">Soviet</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Soviet_crewed_lunar_programs" title="Soviet crewed lunar programs">Crewed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_programme" title="Luna programme">Luna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_programme" title="Lunokhod programme">Lunokhod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_program" title="Zond program">Zond</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Active<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/THEMIS#ARTEMIS" title="THEMIS">ARTEMIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CAPSTONE" title="CAPSTONE">CAPSTONE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2" title="Chandrayaan-2">Chandrayaan-2</a> Orbiter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a> (service module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danuri" title="Danuri">Danuri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Reconnaissance_Orbiter" title="Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter">Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao relay satellite">Queqiao 1</a> (relay satellite at <a href="/wiki/Lagrange_point#L2" title="Lagrange point">L<sub>2</sub></a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queqiao-2_relay_satellite" class="mw-redirect" title="Queqiao-2 relay satellite">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">Tiandu-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiandu" title="Tiandu">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICUBE-Q" title="ICUBE-Q">ICUBE-Q</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Landers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_3" title="Chang'e 3">Chang'e 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4" title="Chang'e 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">SLIM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Rovers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Yutu-2" title="Yutu-2">Yutu-2</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Flybys</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ArgoMoon" title="ArgoMoon">ArgoMoon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Past<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li>(<a href="/wiki/List_of_Apollo_astronauts" title="List of Apollo astronauts">List of Apollo astronauts</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Orbiters</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_8" title="Apollo 8">Apollo 8</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_10" title="Apollo 10">10</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_I" title="Artemis I">Artemis I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_1" title="Chang'e 1">Chang'e 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_2" title="Chang'e 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-1" title="Chandrayaan-1">Chandrayaan-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Chandrayaan-3</a> (propulsion module)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clementine_(spacecraft)" title="Clementine (spacecraft)">Clementine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_35" title="Explorer 35">Explorer 35</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Explorer_49" title="Explorer 49">49</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRAIL" title="GRAIL">GRAIL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hiten_(spacecraft)" title="Hiten (spacecraft)">Hiten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LADEE" title="LADEE">LADEE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_10" title="Luna 10">Luna 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_11" title="Luna 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_12" title="Luna 12">12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_14" title="Luna 14">14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_19" title="Luna 19">19</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_22" title="Luna 22">22</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_1" title="Lunar Orbiter 1">Lunar Orbiter 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_2" title="Lunar Orbiter 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_3" title="Lunar Orbiter 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_4" title="Lunar Orbiter 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbiter_5" title="Lunar Orbiter 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Prospector" title="Lunar Prospector">Lunar Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15#Lunar_subsatellite" title="Apollo 15">PFS-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16#Lunar_subsatellite_PFS-2" title="Apollo 16">PFS-2</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMART-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE" title="SELENE">SELENE (Kaguya, Okina, Ouna)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Impactors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LCROSS" title="LCROSS">LCROSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_2" title="Luna 2">Luna 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Impact_Probe" title="Moon Impact Probe">Moon Impact Probe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_4" title="Ranger 4">Ranger 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_6" title="Ranger 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_7" title="Ranger 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_8" title="Ranger 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_9" title="Ranger 9">9</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing" title="Moon landing">Landers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_Lunar_Module" title="Apollo Lunar Module">Apollo Lunar Module</a></i> ×6</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_9" title="Luna 9">Luna 9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_13" title="Luna 13">13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_17" title="Luna 17">17</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_21" title="Luna 21">21</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_23" title="Luna 23">23</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_1" title="Surveyor 1">Surveyor 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_3" title="Surveyor 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_5" title="Surveyor 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_6" title="Surveyor 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_7" title="Surveyor 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-3" title="Chandrayaan-3">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-3)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EagleCam" class="mw-redirect" title="EagleCam">EagleCam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-1" title="IM-1">IM-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Lunar_rover" title="Lunar rover">Rovers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Roving_Vehicle" title="Lunar Roving Vehicle">Lunar Roving Vehicle</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">Apollo 15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_1" title="Lunokhod 1">Lunokhod 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_2" title="Lunokhod 2">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yutu_(rover)" title="Yutu (rover)">Yutu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-2)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)">Pragyan (Chandrayaan-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pragyan_(Chandrayaan-3)" title="Pragyan (Chandrayaan-3)">(Chandrayaan-3)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_1" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smart_Lander_for_Investigating_Moon#Lunar_Excursion_Vehicle_2" title="Smart Lander for Investigating Moon">LEV-2</a> (<a href="/wiki/Sora-Q" title="Sora-Q">Sora-Q</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">Jinchan</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Sample-return_mission" title="Sample-return mission">Sample return</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11" title="Apollo 11">Apollo 11</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_12" title="Apollo 12">12</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_14" title="Apollo 14">14</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_15" title="Apollo 15">15</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_16" title="Apollo 16">16</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_17" title="Apollo 17">17</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_16" title="Luna 16">Luna 16</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_20" title="Luna 20">20</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_24" title="Luna 24">24</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5" title="Chang'e 5">Chang'e 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_6" title="Chang'e 6">6</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Failed landings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet" title="Beresheet">Beresheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emirates_Lunar_Mission" title="Emirates Lunar Mission">Emirates Lunar Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_1" title="Hakuto-R Mission 1">Hakuto-R M1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_5" title="Luna 5">Luna 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_7" title="Luna 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_8" title="Luna 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_15" title="Luna 15">15</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_18" title="Luna 18">18</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_25" title="Luna 25">25</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OMOTENASHI" title="OMOTENASHI">OMOTENASHI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_2" title="Surveyor 2">Surveyor 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Surveyor_4" title="Surveyor 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-2#Vikram_lander" title="Chandrayaan-2">Vikram</a> (Chandrayaan-2)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peregrine_Mission_One" title="Peregrine Mission One">Peregrine Mission One</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Category:Lunar_flybys" title="Category:Lunar flybys">Flybys</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Manfred_Memorial_Moon_Mission" title="Manfred Memorial Moon Mission">4M</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Apollo_13" title="Apollo 13">Apollo 13</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_5-T1" title="Chang'e 5-T1">Chang'e 5-T1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geotail" title="Geotail">Geotail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_project" title="Galileo project">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Cometary_Explorer" title="International Cometary Explorer">ICE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_4#Microsatellites" title="Chang'e 4">Longjiang-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_1" title="Luna 1">Luna 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_3" title="Luna 3">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_4" title="Luna 4">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_6" title="Luna 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Hydrogen_Mapper" title="Lunar Polar Hydrogen Mapper">LunaH-Map</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Flashlight" title="Lunar Flashlight">Lunar Flashlight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_IceCube" title="Lunar IceCube">Lunar IceCube</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunIR" title="LunIR">LunIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariner_10" title="Mariner 10">Mariner 10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Near-Earth_Asteroid_Scout" title="Near-Earth Asteroid Scout">NEA Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nozomi_(spacecraft)" title="Nozomi (spacecraft)">Nozomi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pioneer_4" title="Pioneer 4">Pioneer 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ranger_5" title="Ranger 5">Ranger 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STEREO" title="STEREO">STEREO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transiting_Exoplanet_Survey_Satellite" title="Transiting Exoplanet Survey Satellite">TESS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wilkinson_Microwave_Anisotropy_Probe" title="Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe">WMAP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wind_(spacecraft)" title="Wind (spacecraft)">Wind</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_3" title="Zond 3">Zond 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_5" title="Zond 5">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_6" title="Zond 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_7" title="Zond 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zond_8" title="Zond 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PAS-22" title="PAS-22">PAS-22</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Planned<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_II" title="Artemis II">Artemis II</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Gateway" title="Lunar Gateway">Lunar Gateway</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_III" title="Artemis III">Artemis III</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_IV" title="Artemis IV">Artemis IV</a></i> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_V" title="Artemis V">Artemis V</a></i> (2030)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VI">Artemis VI</a></i> (2031)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VII">Artemis VII</a></i> (2032)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Artemis_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Artemis VIII">Artemis VIII</a></i> (2033)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Commercial Lunar Payload Services">CLPS</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Firefly_Aerospace_Blue_Ghost" title="Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost">Firefly Aerospace Blue Ghost</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/IM-2" title="IM-2">IM-2</a> (2025) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Trailblazer" title="Lunar Trailblazer">Lunar Trailblazer</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Luna-Glob" title="Luna-Glob">Luna-Glob</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Luna_26" title="Luna 26">Luna 26</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_27" title="Luna 27">Luna 27</a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Luna_28" title="Luna 28">Luna 28</a> (2030)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_29&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 29 (page does not exist)">Luna 29</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 30 (page does not exist)">Luna 30</a> (2030s)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Luna_31&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Luna 31 (page does not exist)">Luna 31</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chinese_Lunar_Exploration_Program" title="Chinese Lunar Exploration Program">CLEP</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_7" title="Chang'e 7">Chang'e 7</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chang%27e_8" title="Chang'e 8">Chang'e 8</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan_programme" title="Chandrayaan programme">Chandrayaan</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chandrayaan-4" title="Chandrayaan-4">Chandrayaan-4</a> (2027)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Polar_Exploration_Mission" title="Lunar Polar Exploration Mission">Chandrayaan-5 (LUPEX)</a> (2028)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hakuto-R_Mission_2" title="Hakuto-R Mission 2">Hakuto-R M2</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beresheet_2" title="Beresheet 2">Beresheet 2</a> (2025)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ispace_(Japanese_company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ispace (Japanese company)">ispace M3</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Pathfinder" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunar Pathfinder">Lunar Pathfinder</a> (2026)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/DESTINY%2B" title="DESTINY+">DESTINY<sup>+</sup></a> (2028)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cislunar_Explorers" title="Cislunar Explorers">Cislunar Explorers</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earth_Escape_Explorer" title="Earth Escape Explorer">CU-E<sup>3</sup></a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astrobotic_Technology#Rovers" title="Astrobotic Technology">MoonRanger</a> (2020s)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argonaut_(lunar_lander)" title="Argonaut (lunar lander)">Argonaut M1</a> (2031)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Research_Station" title="International Lunar Research Station">International Lunar Research Station</a> (2030s)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Proposed<br />missions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Robotic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Transportation_Systems" title="Planetary Transportation Systems">ALINA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Draper_Laboratory#Commercial_Lunar_Payload_Services" title="Draper Laboratory">Artemis-7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blue_Moon_(spacecraft)" title="Blue Moon (spacecraft)">Blue Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BOLAS_(spacecraft)" title="BOLAS (spacecraft)">BOLAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garat%C3%A9a-L" title="Garatéa-L">Garatéa-L</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ISOCHRON_(spacecraft)" title="ISOCHRON (spacecraft)">ISOCHRON</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LunaNet" title="LunaNet">LunaNet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Crater_Radio_Telescope" title="Lunar Crater Radio Telescope">Lunar Crater Radio Telescope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McCandless_Lunar_Lander" title="McCandless Lunar Lander">McCandless</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_Diver_(spacecraft)" title="Moon Diver (spacecraft)">Moon Diver</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;">Crewed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/DSE-Alpha" title="DSE-Alpha">DSE-Alpha</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Boeing_Lunar_Lander" title="Boeing Lunar Lander">Boeing Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lockheed_Martin_Lunar_Lander" title="Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander">Lockheed Martin Lunar Lander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Orbital_Station" title="Lunar Orbital Station">Lunar Orbital Station</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Cancelled /<br />concepts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Altair_(spacecraft)" title="Altair (spacecraft)">Altair</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baden-W%C3%BCrttemberg_1" title="Baden-Württemberg 1">Baden-Württemberg 1</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/DearMoon_project" title="DearMoon project">#dearMoon project</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Lunar_Explorer" title="European Lunar Explorer">European Lunar Explorer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Lunar_Outpost" title="First Lunar Outpost">First Lunar Outpost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Lunar_Network" title="International Lunar Network">International Lunar Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LEO_(spacecraft)" title="LEO (spacecraft)">LEO</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/LK_(spacecraft)" title="LK (spacecraft)">LK</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar-A" title="Lunar-A">Lunar-A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Mission_One" title="Lunar Mission One">Lunar Mission One</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Observer_program" title="Planetary Observer program">Lunar Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunokhod_3" class="mw-redirect" title="Lunokhod 3">Lunokhod 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonLITE" title="MoonLITE">MoonLITE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MoonRise" title="MoonRise">MoonRise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OrbitBeyond" title="OrbitBeyond">OrbitBeyond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Harvest_Moon" title="Project Harvest Moon">Project Harvest Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prospector_(spacecraft)" title="Prospector (spacecraft)">Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resource_Prospector_(rover)" class="mw-redirect" title="Resource Prospector (rover)">Resource Prospector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SELENE-2" title="SELENE-2">SELENE-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrselena" class="mw-redirect" title="Ukrselena">Ukrselena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masten_Space_Systems#XL-1" title="Masten Space Systems">XL-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VIPER_(rover)" title="VIPER (rover)">VIPER</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;;width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colonization_of_the_Moon" title="Colonization of the Moon">Colonization of the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Google_Lunar_X_Prize" title="Google Lunar X Prize">Google Lunar X Prize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lunar_probes" title="List of lunar probes">List of lunar probes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_missions_to_the_Moon" title="List of missions to the Moon">List of missions to the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_artificial_objects_on_the_Moon" title="List of artificial objects on the Moon">List of artificial objects on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_species_that_have_landed_on_the_Moon" title="List of species that have landed on the Moon">List of species that have landed on the Moon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_resources" title="Lunar resources">Lunar resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fe,_Fi,_Fo,_Fum,_and_Phooey" title="Fe, Fi, Fo, Fum, and Phooey">Apollo 17 Moon mice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moon_landing_conspiracy_theories" title="Moon landing conspiracy theories">Moon landing conspiracy theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third-party_evidence_for_Apollo_Moon_landings" title="Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings">Third-party evidence for Apollo Moon landings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apollo_11_anniversaries" title="Apollo 11 anniversaries">Apollo 11 anniversaries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_crewed_lunar_landers" title="List of crewed lunar landers">List of crewed lunar landers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background:#DDDDDD;"><div> <ul><li>Missions are ordered by launch date. Crewed missions are in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Space_Agency" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Space_Agency" title="Template talk:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Space_Agency" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Space Agency"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Space_Agency" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency" title="European Space Agency">European Space Agency</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Spaceport" title="Spaceport">Space Centres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Guiana_Space_Centre" title="Guiana Space Centre">Guiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Esrange" title="Esrange">Esrange</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Launch_vehicle" title="Launch vehicle">Launch vehicles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_6" title="Ariane 6">Ariane 6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_C" title="Vega C">Vega C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Facilities</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Operations_Centre" title="European Space Operations Centre">Space Operations Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_and_Technology_Centre" title="European Space Research and Technology Centre">Space Research and Technology Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Centre_for_Earth_Observation" title="ESA Centre for Earth Observation">ESA Centre for Earth Observation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Astronaut_Centre" title="European Astronaut Centre">European Astronaut Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Astronomy_Centre" title="European Space Astronomy Centre">Space Astronomy Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Centre_for_Space_Applications_and_Telecommunications" title="European Centre for Space Applications and Telecommunications">Space Applications and Telecommunications Centre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concurrent_Design_Facility" title="Concurrent Design Facility">Concurrent Design Facility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Telescope_European_Coordinating_Facility" title="Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility">Space Telescope European Coordinating Facility</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Communications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ESTRACK" title="ESTRACK">ESTRACK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Programmes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_program" title="Artemis program">Artemis</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Service_Module" title="European Service Module">ESM</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aurora_programme" title="Aurora programme">Aurora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat" title="CryoSat">CryoSat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Programme_for_Life_and_Physical_Sciences_in_Space" title="European Programme for Life and Physical Sciences in Space">ELIPS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ExoMars" title="ExoMars">ExoMars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Future_Launchers_Preparatory_Programme" title="Future Launchers Preparatory Programme">FLPP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Living_Planet_Programme" title="Living Planet Programme">Living Planet Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Space_Situational_Awareness_Programme" title="Space Situational Awareness Programme">Space Situational Awareness Programme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Agency_Science_Programme" title="European Space Agency Science Programme">Science Programme</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cosmic_Vision" title="Cosmic Vision">Cosmic Vision</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Programme_for_Reusable_In-orbit_Demonstrator_in_Europe" title="Programme for Reusable In-orbit Demonstrator in Europe">PRIDE</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Launcher_Development_Organisation" title="European Launcher Development Organisation">European Launcher Development Organisation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation" title="European Space Research Organisation">European Space Research Organisation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arianespace" title="Arianespace">Arianespace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ESA_Television" title="ESA Television">ESA Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EUMETSAT" title="EUMETSAT">EUMETSAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Camp" title="European Space Camp">European Space Camp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Energy_and_Water_Exchanges" title="Global Energy and Water Exchanges">GEWEX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planetary_Science_Archive" title="Planetary Science Archive">Planetary Science Archive</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;"><div id="Projects_and_missions" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_European_Space_Agency_programs_and_missions" class="mw-redirect" title="List of European Space Agency programs and missions">Projects and missions</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Solar physics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ISEE-2" title="ISEE-2">ISEE-2</a> (1977–1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(spacecraft)" title="Ulysses (spacecraft)">Ulysses</a> (1990–2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_and_Heliospheric_Observatory" title="Solar and Heliospheric Observatory">SOHO</a> (1995–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_II_(spacecraft)" title="Cluster II (spacecraft)">Cluster II</a> (2000–2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Orbiter" title="Solar Orbiter">Solar Orbiter</a> (2020–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ESA_Vigil" title="ESA Vigil">Vigil</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Planetary science</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giotto_(spacecraft)" title="Giotto (spacecraft)">Giotto</a> (1985–1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huygens_(spacecraft)" title="Huygens (spacecraft)">Huygens</a> (1997–2005)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMART-1</a> (2003–2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (2003–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosetta_(spacecraft)" title="Rosetta (spacecraft)">Rosetta</a>/<a href="/wiki/Philae_(spacecraft)" title="Philae (spacecraft)">Philae</a> (2004–2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venus_Express" title="Venus Express">Venus Express</a> (2005–2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trace_Gas_Orbiter" title="Trace Gas Orbiter">ExoMars <i>Trace Gas Orbiter</i></a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/BepiColombo" title="BepiColombo">BepiColombo</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jupiter_Icy_Moons_Explorer" title="Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer">Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer</a> (2023)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hera_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hera (spacecraft)">Hera</a> (2024)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rosalind_Franklin_(rover)" title="Rosalind Franklin (rover)"><i>Rosalind Franklin</i> rover</a> (2028)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Comet_Interceptor" title="Comet Interceptor">Comet Interceptor</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EnVision" title="EnVision">EnVision</a></i> (2031)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Astronomy and<br />cosmology</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cos-B" title="Cos-B">Cos-B</a> (1975–1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Ultraviolet_Explorer" title="International Ultraviolet Explorer">IUE</a> (1978–1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/EXOSAT" title="EXOSAT">EXOSAT</a> (1983–1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hipparcos" title="Hipparcos">Hipparcos</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hubble_Space_Telescope" title="Hubble Space Telescope">Hubble Space Telescope</a> (1990–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Retrievable_Carrier" title="European Retrievable Carrier">Eureca</a> (1992–93)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infrared_Space_Observatory" title="Infrared Space Observatory">ISO</a> (1995–1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/XMM-Newton" title="XMM-Newton">XMM-Newton</a> (1999–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/INTEGRAL" title="INTEGRAL">INTEGRAL</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CoRoT" title="CoRoT">CoRoT</a> (2006–13)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Planck_(spacecraft)" title="Planck (spacecraft)">Planck</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herschel_Space_Observatory" title="Herschel Space Observatory">Herschel</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaia_(spacecraft)" title="Gaia (spacecraft)">Gaia</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CHEOPS" title="CHEOPS">CHEOPS</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Webb_Space_Telescope" title="James Webb Space Telescope">James Webb Space Telescope</a> (2021–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euclid_(spacecraft)" title="Euclid (spacecraft)">Euclid</a> (2023–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PLATO_(spacecraft)" title="PLATO (spacecraft)">PLATO</a></i> (2026)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARIEL" title="ARIEL">ARIEL</a></i> (2029)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ARRAKIHS" title="ARRAKIHS">ARRAKIHS</a></i> (2030s)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Advanced_Telescope_for_High_Energy_Astrophysics" title="Advanced Telescope for High Energy Astrophysics">Athena</a></i> (2035)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Laser_Interferometer_Space_Antenna" title="Laser Interferometer Space Antenna">LISA</a></i> (2035)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7.0em;text-align: center;">Earth observation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Copernicus_Programme" title="Copernicus Programme">Copernicus</a> (1988–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#First_generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat First Generation</a> (1977–1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-1</a> (1991–2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Remote-Sensing_Satellite" title="European Remote-Sensing Satellite">ERS-2</a> (1995–2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meteosat#Second_Generation" title="Meteosat">Meteosat Second Generation</a> (2002–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Envisat" title="Envisat">Envisat</a> (2002–2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Star_(satellite)" title="Double Star (satellite)">Double Star</a> (2003–2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/MetOp" title="MetOp">MetOp</a> (2006–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GOCE" title="GOCE">GOCE</a> (2009–2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soil_Moisture_and_Ocean_Salinity" title="Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity">SMOS</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-2" title="CryoSat-2">CryoSat-2</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swarm_(spacecraft)" title="Swarm (spacecraft)">Swarm</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1" title="Sentinel-1">Sentinel-1</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1A" title="Sentinel-1A">1A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-1B" title="Sentinel-1B">1B</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2" title="Sentinel-2">Sentinel-2</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2A" title="Sentinel-2A">2A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2B" title="Sentinel-2B">2B</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-2C" class="mw-redirect" title="Sentinel-2C">2C</a> (2015–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3" title="Sentinel-3">Sentinel-3</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3A" title="Sentinel-3A">3A</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sentinel-3B" title="Sentinel-3B">3B</a> (2016–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-5_Precursor" title="Sentinel-5 Precursor">Sentinel-5 Precursor</a> (2017–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/ADM-Aeolus" title="ADM-Aeolus">ADM-Aeolus</a> (2018–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Biomass_(satellite)" title="Biomass (satellite)">Biomass</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/EarthCARE" title="EarthCARE">EarthCARE</a></i> (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Meteosat_Third_Generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Meteosat Third Generation">Meteosat Third Generation</a></i> (<i><a href="/wiki/Sentinel-4" title="Sentinel-4">Sentinel-4</a></i>) (2024)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/ALTIUS" title="ALTIUS">ALTIUS</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/FLEX_(satellite)" title="FLEX (satellite)">FLEX</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-A" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-A">MetOp-SG-A</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/MetOp-SG-B" class="mw-redirect" title="MetOp-SG-B">MetOp-SG-B</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/SMILE_(spacecraft)" title="SMILE (spacecraft)">SMILE</a></i> (2025)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Far-infrared_Outgoing_Radiation_Understanding_and_Monitoring" title="Far-infrared Outgoing Radiation Understanding and Monitoring">FORUM</a></i> (2027)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/European_contribution_to_the_International_Space_Station" title="European contribution to the International Space Station">ISS contributions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_(ISS_module)" title="Columbus (ISS module)">Columbus</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Automated_Transfer_Vehicle" title="Automated Transfer Vehicle">Automated Transfer Vehicle</a> (2008–2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cupola_(ISS_module)" title="Cupola (ISS module)">Cupola</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Robotic_Arm" title="European Robotic Arm">European Robotic Arm</a> (2021)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Telecommunications</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 2</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Olympus-1" title="Olympus-1">Olympus-1</a> (1989–1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artemis_(satellite)" title="Artemis (satellite)">Artemis</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-A" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-A">GIOVE-A</a> (2005–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/GIOVE-B" class="mw-redirect" title="GIOVE-B">GIOVE-B</a> (2008–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/HYLAS-1" title="HYLAS-1">HYLAS-1</a> (2010–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#In-Orbit_Validation_(IOV)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo IOV</a> (2011–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galileo_(satellite_navigation)#Full_Operational_Capability_(FOC)_satellites" title="Galileo (satellite navigation)">Galileo FOC</a> (2014–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Geostationary_Navigation_Overlay_Service" title="European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service">EGNOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Data_Relay_System" title="European Data Relay System">European Data Relay System</a> (2016–present)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Technology<br />demonstrators</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atmospheric_Reentry_Demonstrator" title="Atmospheric Reentry Demonstrator">ARD</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA" title="PROBA">PROBA-1</a> (2001–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Young_Engineers%27_Satellite_2" title="Young Engineers' Satellite 2">YES2</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-2" title="PROBA-2">PROBA-2</a> (2009–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PROBA-V" title="PROBA-V">PROBA-V</a> (2013–present)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intermediate_eXperimental_Vehicle" title="Intermediate eXperimental Vehicle">IXV</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/LISA_Pathfinder" title="LISA Pathfinder">LISA Pathfinder</a> (2015–2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/OPS-SAT" title="OPS-SAT">OPS-SAT</a> (2019–present)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/PROBA-3" title="PROBA-3">PROBA-3</a></i> (2024)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Cancelled<br />and proposed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AIDA_(mission)" class="mw-redirect" title="AIDA (mission)">AIDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_5_ME" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariane 5 ME">Ariane 5 ME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calathus_Mission" title="Calathus Mission">Calathus Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ceres_Polar_Lander" title="Ceres Polar Lander">Ceres Polar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Columbus_Man-Tended_Free_Flyer" title="Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer">Columbus Man-Tended Free Flyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSTS" title="CSTS">CSTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darwin_(spacecraft)" title="Darwin (spacecraft)">Darwin Mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Quijote_(spacecraft)" title="Don Quijote (spacecraft)">Don Quijote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.Deorbit" title="E.Deorbit">e.Deorbit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EChO" title="EChO">EChO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eddington_(spacecraft)" title="Eddington (spacecraft)">Eddington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_eXPErimental_Re-entry_Testbed" title="European eXPErimental Re-entry Testbed">EXPERT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(spacecraft)" title="Hermes (spacecraft)">Hermes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hopper_(spacecraft)" title="Hopper (spacecraft)">Hopper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LOFT" title="LOFT">LOFT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lunar_Lander_(spacecraft)" title="Lunar Lander (spacecraft)">Lunar Lander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marco_Polo_(spacecraft)" title="Marco Polo (spacecraft)">Marco Polo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MarcoPolo-R" class="mw-redirect" title="MarcoPolo-R">MarcoPolo-R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mars_sample_return_mission" class="mw-redirect" title="Mars sample return mission">Mars sample return mission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ODINUS" title="ODINUS">ODINUS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phootprint" title="Phootprint">Phootprint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SOLARIS" class="mw-redirect" title="SOLARIS">SOLARIS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SPICA_(spacecraft)" title="SPICA (spacecraft)">SPICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STE-QUEST" title="STE-QUEST">STE-QUEST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/THESEUS_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="THESEUS (satellite)">THESEUS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align:center;;width:1%">Failed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cluster_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cluster (spacecraft)">Cluster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CryoSat-1" title="CryoSat-1">CryoSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/European_Space_Research_Organisation#GEOS" title="European Space Research Organisation">GEOS 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schiaparelli_EDM" title="Schiaparelli EDM">Schiaparelli EDM</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Future missions in <i>italics</i> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" title="Category:European Space Agency">Category</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:European Space Agency"><b>Commons</b></a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikinews-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Wikinews page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/16px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="9" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/24px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/32px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /></a></span> <b><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency" class="extiw" title="wikinews:Category:European Space Agency">Wikinews</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Europe/ESA" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Europe/ESA">WikiProject</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Template talk:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital_launches_in_2003" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Orbital launches in 2003"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="←_2002Orbital_launches_in_20032004_→" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><div style="float: left;"><a href="/wiki/2002_in_spaceflight" title="2002 in spaceflight">← 2002</a></div><a href="/wiki/2003_in_spaceflight" title="2003 in spaceflight"><span class="vevent"><span class="summary">Orbital launches in <span class="dtstart">2003</span></span></span></a><div style="float: right;"><a href="/wiki/2004_in_spaceflight" title="2004 in spaceflight">2004 →</a></div></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">January</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coriolis_(satellite)" title="Coriolis (satellite)">Coriolis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ICESat" title="ICESat">ICESat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CHIPSat" class="mw-redirect" title="CHIPSat">CHIPSat</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/STS-107" title="STS-107">STS-107</a></u> (<a href="/wiki/SpaceHab" class="mw-redirect" title="SpaceHab">SpaceHab RDM</a>, <a href="/wiki/Extended_Duration_Orbiter" title="Extended Duration Orbiter">EDO</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solar_Radiation_and_Climate_Experiment" title="Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment">SORCE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-166" title="USA-166">USA-166</a>, <a href="/wiki/XSS-10" title="XSS-10">XSS-10</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">February</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-47" title="Progress M-47">Progress M-47</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intelsat_907" title="Intelsat 907">Intelsat 907</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">March</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-167&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-167 (page does not exist)">USA-167</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1A (page does not exist)">IGS-1A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-1B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-1B (page does not exist)">IGS-1B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-168" title="USA-168">USA-168</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">April</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-1_No.92&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-1 No.92 (page does not exist)">Molniya-1 No.92</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-169" class="mw-redirect" title="USA-169">USA-169</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/INSAT-3A" title="INSAT-3A">INSAT-3A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Galaxy_12&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Galaxy 12 (page does not exist)">Galaxy 12</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=AsiaSat-4&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AsiaSat-4 (page does not exist)">AsiaSat-4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2397" title="Kosmos 2397">Kosmos 2397</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-2" title="Soyuz TMA-2">Soyuz TMA-2</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GALEX" title="GALEX">GALEX</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">May</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GSAT-2" title="GSAT-2">GSAT-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hayabusa" title="Hayabusa">Hayabusa</a> (<a href="/wiki/Minerva_(spacecraft)" class="mw-redirect" title="Minerva (spacecraft)">Minerva</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellas_Sat_2" title="Hellas Sat 2">Hellas Sat 2</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Beidou_1C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Beidou 1C (page does not exist)">Beidou 1C</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">June</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mars_Express" title="Mars Express">Mars Express</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beagle_2" title="Beagle 2">Beagle 2</a>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2398&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2398 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2398</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMC-9" title="AMC-9">AMC-9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M1-10" title="Progress M1-10">Progress M1-10</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thuraya_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thuraya 2 (page does not exist)">Thuraya 2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirit_(rover)" title="Spirit (rover)">Spirit</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Optus_and_Defence_C1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Optus and Defence C1 (page does not exist)">Optus and Defence C1</a>, <a href="/wiki/BSAT-2c" title="BSAT-2c">BSAT-2c</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Molniya-3_No.53&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Molniya-3 No.53 (page does not exist)">Molniya-3 No.53</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbview-3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbview-3 (page does not exist)">Orbview-3</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Monitor-E_GVM&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monitor-E GVM (page does not exist)">Monitor-E GVM</a>, <a href="/wiki/MIMOSA" title="MIMOSA">MIMOSA</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=DTUSat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="DTUSat (page does not exist)">DTUSat</a>, <a href="/wiki/MOST_(satellite)" class="mw-redirect" title="MOST (satellite)">MOST</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cute-I&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cute-I (page does not exist)">Cute-I</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuakeSat" class="mw-redirect" title="QuakeSat">QuakeSat</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=AAU-Cubesat&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="AAU-Cubesat (page does not exist)">AAU-Cubesat</a>, <a href="/wiki/CanX-1" class="mw-redirect" title="CanX-1">CanX-1</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cubesat_XI-IV&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cubesat XI-IV (page does not exist)">Cubesat XI-IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">July</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Opportunity_(rover)" title="Opportunity (rover)">Opportunity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_XII" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar XII">Rainbow 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">August</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/EchoStar_IX" class="mw-redirect" title="EchoStar IX">EchoStar IX</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2399&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2399 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2399</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCISAT-1" title="SCISAT-1">SCISAT-1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2400&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2400 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2400</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kosmos_2401&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kosmos 2401 (page does not exist)">Kosmos 2401</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spitzer_Space_Telescope" title="Spitzer Space Telescope">Spitzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progress_M-48" title="Progress M-48">Progress M-48</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-170&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-170 (page does not exist)">USA-170</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">September</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_USA_satellites" title="List of USA satellites">USA-171</a> / <a href="/wiki/Orion_(satellite)" title="Orion (satellite)">Orion 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UK-DMC" title="UK-DMC">UK-DMC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BILSAT-1" title="BILSAT-1">BILSAT-1</a>, <a href="/wiki/STSat-1" title="STSat-1">STSat-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eutelsat_33A" class="mw-redirect" title="Eutelsat 33A">e-Bird</a>, <a href="/wiki/INSAT-3E" title="INSAT-3E">INSAT-3E</a>, <a class="mw-selflink selflink">SMART-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">October</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Galaxy_13" class="mw-redirect" title="Galaxy 13">Galaxy 13</a>/<a href="/wiki/Horizons-1" title="Horizons-1">Horizons-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Shenzhou_5" title="Shenzhou 5">Shenzhou 5</a></u></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resourcesat-1" title="Resourcesat-1">Resourcesat-1</a></li> <li><u><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_TMA-3" title="Soyuz TMA-3">Soyuz TMA-3</a></u></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-172&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-172 (page does not exist)">USA-172</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBERS-2" title="CBERS-2">CBERS-2</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Chuang_Xin_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chuang Xin 1 (page does not exist)">Chuang Xin 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERVIS-1" title="SERVIS-1">SERVIS-1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">November</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fanhui_Shi_Weixing" title="Fanhui Shi Weixing">FSW-3 1</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Shen_Tong_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Shen Tong 1 (page does not exist)">Shen Tong 1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yamal-201" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-201">Yamal-201</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yamal-202" class="mw-redirect" title="Yamal-202">Yamal-202</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2A (page does not exist)">IGS-2A</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=IGS-2B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="IGS-2B (page does not exist)">IGS-2B</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">December</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-173&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-173 (page does not exist)">USA-173</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gruzomaket&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gruzomaket (page does not exist)">Gruzomaket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2402" title="Kosmos 2402">Kosmos 2402</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2403" title="Kosmos 2403">Kosmos 2403</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kosmos_2404" title="Kosmos 2404">Kosmos 2404</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=USA-174&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="USA-174 (page does not exist)">USA-174</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USA-175" title="USA-175">USA-175</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amos-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Amos-2">Amos-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ekspress_AM22" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekspress AM22">Ekspress AM22</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tan_Ce_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tan Ce 1 (page does not exist)">Tan Ce 1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>Launches are separated by dots ( • ), payloads by commas ( , ), multiple names for the same satellite by slashes ( / ).<br /><u>Crewed flights</u> are underlined. Launch failures are marked with the † sign. Payloads deployed from other spacecraft are (enclosed in parentheses).</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&oldid=1256021083">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&oldid=1256021083</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:LQ26_quadrangle" title="Category:LQ26 quadrangle">LQ26 quadrangle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Missions_to_the_Moon" title="Category:Missions to the Moon">Missions to the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Hall_effect" title="Category:Hall effect">Hall effect</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:European_Space_Agency_space_probes" title="Category:European Space Agency space probes">European Space Agency space probes</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_programme_of_Sweden" title="Category:Space programme of Sweden">Space programme of Sweden</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Space_probes_launched_in_2003" title="Category:Space probes launched in 2003">Space probes launched in 2003</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Spacecraft_that_impacted_the_Moon" title="Category:Spacecraft that impacted the Moon">Spacecraft that impacted the Moon</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2003_establishments_in_South_America" title="Category:2003 establishments in South America">2003 establishments in South America</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:2006_on_the_Moon" title="Category:2006 on the Moon">2006 on the Moon</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_May_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from May 2020">Use dmy dates from May 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons link from Wikidata">Commons link from Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 7 November 2024, at 20:41<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=SMART-1&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4d6wn","wgBackendResponseTime":214,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.793","walltime":"1.002","ppvisitednodes":{"value":4046,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":218185,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":9261,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":97583,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 798.997 1 -total"," 39.40% 314.809 8 Template:Infobox"," 27.42% 219.064 1 Template:Reflist"," 27.09% 216.488 1 Template:Infobox_spaceflight"," 13.44% 107.375 1 Template:Moon_spacecraft"," 12.90% 103.048 4 Template:Cite_web"," 9.46% 75.624 1 Template:Short_description"," 6.04% 48.259 2 Template:Pagetype"," 6.00% 47.955 5 Template:Navbox"," 5.90% 47.170 5 Template:Cite_journal"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.428","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":9185028,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-7l5xc","timestamp":"20241122160649","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"SMART-1","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/SMART-1","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213498","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q213498","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2003-04-05T06:57:02Z","dateModified":"2024-11-07T20:41:58Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/f\/f8\/Artist%27s_impression_of_the_SMART-1_mission_ESA199399.jpg","headline":"European Space Agency satellite that orbited around the Moon"}</script> </body> </html>