Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" /> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells | Scientific.Net" /> <meta property="og:type" content="website" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35" /> <meta property="og:image" content="/Content/app/scinet5/images/metadata_logo.png" /> <meta property="og:image:type" content="image/png" /> <meta property="og:image:width" content="261" /> <meta property="og:image:height" content="260" /> <meta property="og:image:alt" content="Scientific.Net Logo" /> <meta name="citation_language" content="en" /> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Trans Tech Publications Ltd" /> <meta name="citation_title" content="Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells" /> <meta name="citation_publication_date" content="2022" /> <meta name="citation_online_date" content="2022/01/21" /> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Advanced Materials Research" /> <meta name="citation_issn" content="1662-8985" /> <meta name="citation_volume" content="1168" /> <meta name="citation_firstpage" content="35" /> <meta name="citation_lastpage" content="47" /> <meta name="citation_pdf_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35.pdf" /> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35" /> <meta name="citation_keywords" content="Catalytic Performance;Counter Electrode;Cyclic Voltammetry;Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells;Fill Factor" /> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Tika Erna Putri" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Pankaj Attri" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kunihiro Kamataki" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Naho Itagaki" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Kazunori Koga" /> <meta name="citation_author" content="Masaharu Shiratani" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Jihuai Wu; citation_author=Zhang Lan; citation_author=Jianming Lin; citation_author=Miaoliang Huang; citation_author=Yunfang Huang; citation_author=Leqing Fan; citation_author=Genggeng Luo; citation_author=Yu Lin; citation_author=Yimin Xie; citation_author=Yuelin Wei; citation_volume=46; citation_issue=19; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=5975-6023; citation_doi=10.1039/c6cs00752j" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Quantum dot-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Zhenxiao Pan; citation_author=Huashang Rao; citation_author=Iván Mora-Seró; citation_author=Juan Bisquert; citation_author=Xinhua Zhong; citation_volume=47; citation_issue=20; citation_publication_date=2018; citation_pages=7659-7702; citation_doi=10.1039/c8cs00431e" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Carbon nanotube/metal-sulfide composite flexible electrodes for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and supercapacitors; citation_author=Chandu V. V. Muralee Gopi; citation_author=Seenu Ravi; citation_author=S. Srinivasa Rao; citation_author=Araveeti Eswar Reddy; citation_author=Hee-Je Kim; citation_volume=7; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2017/4/19; citation_doi=10.1038/srep46519" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Advanced research trends in dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Mikko Kokkonen; citation_author=Parisa Talebi; citation_author=Jin Zhou; citation_author=Somayyeh Asgari; citation_author=Sohail Ahmed Soomro; citation_author=Farid Elsehrawy; citation_author=Janne Halme; citation_author=Shahzada Ahmad; citation_author=Anders Hagfeldt; citation_author=Syed Ghufran Hashmi; citation_volume=9; citation_issue=17; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=10527-10545; citation_doi=10.1039/d1ta00690h" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Effects of Activated Carbon Counter Electrode on Bifacial Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs); citation_author=Tika Erna Putri; citation_author=Yuan Hao; citation_author=Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa; citation_author=Hyunwoong Seo; citation_author=Min Kyu Son; citation_author=Kunihiro Kamataki; citation_author=Naho Itagaki; citation_author=Kazunori Koga; citation_author=Masaharu Shiratani; citation_volume=1016; citation_publication_date=2021/1/5; citation_pages=863-868; citation_doi=10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.863" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films; citation_author=Brian O'Regan; citation_author=Michael Grätzel; citation_volume=353; citation_issue=6346; citation_publication_date=1991/10; citation_pages=737-740; citation_doi=10.1038/353737a0" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Photofabrication of Highly Transparent Platinum Counter Electrodes at Ambient Temperature for Bifacial Dye Sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=Idris K. Popoola; citation_author=Mohammed A. Gondal; citation_author=Jwaher M. AlGhamdi; citation_author=Talal F. Qahtan; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2018/8/27; citation_doi=10.1038/s41598-018-31040-1" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Large-Area Light-Weight Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell based on All Titanium Substrates with an Efficiency of 6.69% Outdoors; citation_author=Jihuai Wu; citation_author=Yaoming Xiao; citation_author=Qunwei Tang; citation_author=Gentian Yue; citation_author=Jianming Lin; citation_author=Miaoliang Huang; citation_author=Yunfang Huang; citation_author=Leqing Fan; citation_author=Zhang Lan; citation_author=Shu Yin; citation_author=Tsugio Sato; citation_volume=24; citation_issue=14; citation_publication_date=2012/3/7; citation_pages=1884-1888; citation_doi=10.1002/adma.201200003" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Pt-Free Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with High Efficiency; citation_author=Sining Yun; citation_author=Anders Hagfeldt; citation_author=Tingli Ma; citation_volume=26; citation_issue=36; citation_publication_date=2014/8/1; citation_pages=6210-6237; citation_doi=10.1002/adma.201402056" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Graphite with Different Structures as Catalysts for Counter Electrodes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=Yu-Yan Li; citation_author=Chun-Ting Li; citation_author=Min-Hsin Yeh; citation_author=Kuan-Chieh Huang; citation_author=Ping-Wei Chen; citation_author=R. Vittal; citation_author=Kuo-Chuan Ho; citation_volume=179; citation_publication_date=2015/10; citation_pages=211-219; citation_doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.007" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Cobalt and Carbon Complex as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=Chi-Feng Lin; citation_author=Ting-Hsuan Hsieh; citation_author=Yu-Chen Chou; citation_author=Pin-Hung Chen; citation_author=Ci-Wun Chen; citation_author=Chun-Han Wu; citation_volume=8; citation_issue=5; citation_publication_date=2021/5/19; citation_pages=166; citation_doi=10.3390/photonics8050166" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Synthesis of highly effective Pt/carbon fiber composite counter electrode catalyst for dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Hongyue Guo; citation_author=Yajing Zhu; citation_author=Wenyan Li; citation_author=Haikuo Zheng; citation_author=Kezhong Wu; citation_author=Keqiang Ding; citation_author=Bei Ruan; citation_author=Anders Hagfeldt; citation_author=Tingli Ma; citation_author=Mingxing Wu; citation_volume=176; citation_publication_date=2015/9; citation_pages=997-1000; citation_doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.103" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells by flower-like mixed-phase Co<sub>x</sub>S<sub>y</sub>/Ni<sub>x</sub>S<sub>y</sub>/Mo<sub>x</sub>S<sub>y</sub> composites; citation_author=Vijaya Subbiah; citation_author=Giovanni Landi; citation_author=Jerry J. Wu; citation_author=Sambandam Anandan; citation_author=Muthupandian Ashokkumar; citation_volume=45; citation_issue=4; citation_publication_date=2021; citation_pages=1967-1976; citation_doi=10.1039/d0nj05512c" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Interlaced W<sub>18</sub>O<sub>49</sub> nanofibers as a superior catalyst for the counter electrode of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Huawei Zhou; citation_author=Yantao Shi; citation_author=Qingshun Dong; citation_author=Yanxiang Wang; citation_author=Chao Zhu; citation_author=Liang Wang; citation_author=Ning Wang; citation_author=Ying Wei; citation_author=Shengyang Tao; citation_author=Tingli Ma; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=12; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=4347-4354; citation_doi=10.1039/c3ta14345g" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Iron oxide nanostructures as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for mesoscopic photovoltaics; citation_author=Liang Wang; citation_author=Yantao Shi; citation_author=Hong Zhang; citation_author=Xiaogong Bai; citation_author=Yanxiang Wang; citation_author=Tingli Ma; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=37; citation_publication_date=2014; citation_pages=15279-15283; citation_doi=10.1039/c4ta03727h" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A new generation of platinum and iodine free efficient dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Shahzada Ahmad; citation_author=Takeru Bessho; citation_author=Florian Kessler; citation_author=Etienne Baranoff; citation_author=Julien Frey; citation_author=Chenyi Yi; citation_author=Michael Grätzel; citation_author=Mohammad K. Nazeeruddin; citation_volume=14; citation_issue=30; citation_publication_date=2012; citation_pages=10631; citation_doi=10.1039/c2cp41611e" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=In situ growth of oriented polyaniline nanowires array for efficient cathode of Co(<scp>iii</scp>)/Co(<scp>ii</scp>) mediated dye-sensitized solar cell; citation_author=Hong Wang; citation_author=Quanyou Feng; citation_author=Feng Gong; citation_author=Yan Li; citation_author=Gang Zhou; citation_author=Zhong-Sheng Wang; citation_volume=1; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=97-104; citation_doi=10.1039/c2ta00705c" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Preparation and Property Studies of Polyaniline Film for Flexible Counter Electrode of Dye鈥怱ensitized Solar Cells by Cyclic Voltammetry; citation_author=Shouzheng Jiao; citation_author=Jinyue Wen; citation_author=Yang Zhou; citation_author=Zhicheng Sun; citation_author=Yuanyuan Liu; citation_author=Ruping Liu; citation_volume=6; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2021/1/14; citation_pages=230-233; citation_doi=10.1002/slct.202004412" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Effect of Triton X-100 on the double layer capacitance and conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) films; citation_author=Tete Tevi; citation_author=Shantonio W. Saint Birch; citation_author=Sylvia W. Thomas; citation_author=Arash Takshi; citation_volume=191; citation_publication_date=2014/5; citation_pages=59-65; citation_doi=10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.02.005" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Multiple time constant modelling of a printed conducting polymer electrode; citation_author=Dan Sik Yoo; citation_author=Ali Mahmoudzadeh; citation_author=Eddie C.W. Fok; citation_author=Konrad Walus; citation_author=John D.W. Madden; citation_volume=56; citation_issue=13; citation_publication_date=2011/5; citation_pages=4711-4716; citation_doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.062" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=The Origin of the High Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)鈭扨oly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT鈭扨SS) Plastic Electrodes; citation_author=X. Crispin; citation_author=F. L. E. Jakobsson; citation_author=A. Crispin; citation_author=P. C. M. Grim; citation_author=P. Andersson; citation_author=A. Volodin; citation_author=C. van Haesendonck; citation_author=M. Van der Auweraer; citation_author=W. R. Salaneck; citation_author=M. Berggren; citation_volume=18; citation_issue=18; citation_publication_date=2006/8/2; citation_pages=4354-4360; citation_doi=10.1021/cm061032+" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Graphene-Si3N4 nanocomposite blended polymer counter electrode for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa; citation_author=Tika Erna Putri; citation_author=Min-Kyu Son; citation_author=Kunihiro Kamataki; citation_author=Naho Itagaki; citation_author=Kazunori Koga; citation_author=Masaharu Shiratani; citation_volume=758; citation_publication_date=2020/11; citation_pages=137920; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137920" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=High-efficiency ITO-free polymer solar cells using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS/surfactant bilayer transparent anodes; citation_author=Wenfeng Zhang; citation_author=Baofeng Zhao; citation_author=Zhicai He; citation_author=Xuemei Zhao; citation_author=Haitao Wang; citation_author=Shangfeng Yang; citation_author=Hongbin Wu; citation_author=Yong Cao; citation_volume=6; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=1956; citation_doi=10.1039/c3ee41077c" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nano-Onion/PEDOT:PSS Composites; citation_author=Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska; citation_author=Miko艂aj Lewandowski; citation_author=Ma艂gorzata B艂aszyk; citation_author=Agustin Molina-Ontoria; citation_author=Tadeusz Luci艅ski; citation_author=Luis Echegoyen; citation_volume=13; citation_issue=18; citation_publication_date=2012/11/21; citation_pages=4134-4141; citation_doi=10.1002/cphc.201200789" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=In situ fabricated PEDOT:PSS:PANI with enhanced thermoelectric performance by organic solvent and CSA treatment; citation_author=Jiaji Yang; citation_author=Qinglin Jiang; citation_author=Jiang Zhang; citation_author=Jingkun Xu; citation_author=Jing Liu; citation_author=Peipei Liu; citation_author=Guoqiang Liu; citation_author=Yeye Wang; citation_author=Fengxing Jiang; citation_volume=269; citation_publication_date=2020/11; citation_pages=116546; citation_doi=10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116546" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Nanostructured Titanium Nitride/PEDOT:PSS Composite Films As Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=Hongxia Xu; citation_author=Xiaoying Zhang; citation_author=Chuanjian Zhang; citation_author=Zhihong Liu; citation_author=Xinhong Zhou; citation_author=Shuping Pang; citation_author=Xiao Chen; citation_author=Shanmu Dong; citation_author=Zhongyi Zhang; citation_author=Lixue Zhang; citation_author=Pengxian Han; citation_author=Xiaogang Wang; citation_author=Guanglei Cui; citation_volume=4; citation_issue=2; citation_publication_date=2012/2/3; citation_pages=1087-1092; citation_doi=10.1021/am201720p" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Solid state properties of group IVb carbonitrides; citation_author=W. Lengauer; citation_author=S. Binder; citation_author=K. Aigner; citation_author=P. Ettmayer; citation_author=A. Guillou; citation_author=J. Debuigne; citation_author=G. Groboth; citation_volume=217; citation_issue=1; citation_publication_date=1995/1; citation_pages=137-147; citation_doi=10.1016/0925-8388(94)01315-9" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Carbon nitride transparent counter electrode prepared by magnetron sputtering for a dye-sensitized solar cell; citation_author=Chaoyu Wu; citation_author=Guoran Li; citation_author=Xueqin Cao; citation_author=Bao Lei; citation_author=Xueping Gao; citation_volume=2; citation_issue=3; citation_publication_date=2017/7; citation_pages=302-309; citation_doi=10.1016/j.gee.2017.06.002" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Effects of various imidazole-based weak bases and surfactant on the conductivity and transparency of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films; citation_author=Jong Seob Choi; citation_author=Jin-Heong Yim; citation_author=Dong-Won Kim; citation_author=Jong-Ki Jeon; citation_author=Young Soo Ko; citation_author=Youngjo Kim; citation_volume=159; citation_issue=23-24; citation_publication_date=2009/12; citation_pages=2506-2511; citation_doi=10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.08.049" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Electrochemical properties of supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolyte with surfactants; citation_author=Krzysztof Fic; citation_author=Grzegorz Lota; citation_author=Elzbieta Frackowiak; citation_volume=55; citation_issue=25; citation_publication_date=2010/10; citation_pages=7484-7488; citation_doi=10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.037" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Highly efficient and transparent counter electrode for application in bifacial solar cells; citation_author=Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa; citation_author=Tika Erna Putri; citation_author=Pankaj Attri; citation_author=Kunihiro Kamataki; citation_author=Naho Itagaki; citation_author=Kazunori Koga; citation_author=Masaharu Shiratani; citation_volume=768; citation_publication_date=2021/4; citation_pages=138369; citation_doi=10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138369" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Using modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): Poly(styrene sulfonate) film as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Jian-Ging Chen; citation_author=Hung-Yu Wei; citation_author=Kuo-Chuan Ho; citation_volume=91; citation_issue=15-16; citation_publication_date=2007/9; citation_pages=1472-1477; citation_doi=10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.024" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using a Composite of PEDOT:PSS and Carbon Derived from Human Hair for a Counter Electrode; citation_author=Klitsada Moolsarn; citation_author=Apishok Tangtrakarn; citation_author=Adulphan Pimsawat; citation_author=Kornrawit Duangsa; citation_author=Charusporn Mongkolkachit; citation_author=Wasan Maiaugree; citation_author=Vittaya Amornkitbamrung; citation_volume=2017; citation_publication_date=2017; citation_pages=1-11; citation_doi=10.1155/2017/1064868" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Platinum-Free Catalysts as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=Mingxing Wu; citation_author=Tingli Ma; citation_volume=5; citation_issue=8; citation_publication_date=2012/8/7; citation_pages=1343-1357; citation_doi=10.1002/cssc.201100676" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Transparent graphene/PEDOT鈥揚SS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Wenjing Hong; citation_author=Yuxi Xu; citation_author=Gewu Lu; citation_author=Chun Li; citation_author=Gaoquan Shi; citation_volume=10; citation_issue=10; citation_publication_date=2008/10; citation_pages=1555-1558; citation_doi=10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.007" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=A composite film of TiS2/PEDOT:PSS as the electrocatalyst for the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells; citation_author=Chun-Ting Li; citation_author=Chuan-Pei Lee; citation_author=Yu-Yan Li; citation_author=Min-Hsin Yeh; citation_author=Kuo-Chuan Ho; citation_volume=1; citation_issue=47; citation_publication_date=2013; citation_pages=14888; citation_doi=10.1039/c3ta12603j" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="citation_title=Synergistic Catalytic Effect of a Composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) Counter Electrode on Triiodide Reduction in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells; citation_author=P. Sudhagar; citation_author=S. Nagarajan; citation_author=Yong-Gun Lee; citation_author=Donghoon Song; citation_author=Taewook Son; citation_author=Woohyung Cho; citation_author=Miyoung Heo; citation_author=Kyoungjun Lee; citation_author=Jongok Won; citation_author=Yong Soo Kang; citation_volume=3; citation_issue=6; citation_publication_date=2011/6/2; citation_pages=1838-1843; citation_doi=10.1021/am2003735" /> <meta name="citation_reference" content="Z. Y. Zhang , X. Y. Zhang , H. X. Xu , Z. H. Liu , S. P. Pang , X. H. Zhou , S. M. Dong, X. Chen and G. L. Cui, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2012, 4 , 6242. https://doi.org/10.1021/am3018338." /> <meta name="person" content="Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa, Tika Erna Putri, Pankaj Attri, Kunihiro Kamataki, Naho Itagaki, Kazunori Koga, Masaharu Shiratani" /> <meta name="description" content="The development of platinum-free counter electrodes (CEs) is significant in the development of cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, Pt-free, low-cost carbon black-titanium nitrate (CB-TiN) nanocomposite counter electrodes CEs were prepared via simple heating and cooling process for application in DSSCs. Different weight concentrations of CB-TiN (15-200 mg) were uniformly blended with PEDOT:PSS at 350 rpm and 150°C for 10 mins. Thereafter, the solution mixtures were immediately cooled at 4°C overnight to produce PEDOT:PSS/CB-TiN CEs. Further, to investigate the effects of iso-octyphenoxy-polyethoxyethanol (TX100) on the performance of the PEDOT:PSS/CB-TIN CE, various concentrations of TX100 (1-10%) were blended with PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN CE mixture at room temperature to produce PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN/TX100 CEs. The results indicated a gradual increase in electrocatalytic activity coupled with a reduction in internal resistance in the DSSCs as the weight of CB-TiN nanoparticles was enhanced. Similar results were obtained when the concentration of TX100 was increased. The DSSCs with the PEDOT:PSS/200mgCB-TiN and PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN/10%TX100 CEs exhibited optimum performances of 4.42% and 4.32%, respectively. Their performance closely matches that of the Pt CE (4.43%)." /> <meta name="keywords" content="Catalytic Performance, Counter Electrode, Cyclic Voltammetry, Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells, Fill Factor" /> <meta name="copyright" content="2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved" /> <title>Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells | Scientific.Net</title> <link href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico" rel="shortcut icon" /> <link href="/Content/public.min.css?v=BKBihgCkUm340JBGsNjEPtWz8I22CUsubMPC3V1WYzw" rel="stylesheet" /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.gstatic.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.googletagmanager.com"> <link rel="icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/favicon.ico"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/Content/app/scinet5/images/apple-touch-icon.png"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.googleapis.com"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" crossorigin> <link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Open+Sans+Condensed:300,700%7COpen+Sans:300i,400,400i,600,600i,700&display=swap" rel="stylesheet">    <script> (function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-T3VDKWV');</script>  </head> <body> <noscript>  <iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-T3VDKWV" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe> </noscript> <div class="sc-content-container"> <div class="sc-content"> <div class="header-menu-container"> <div class="identity-menu-container header-menu-container-not-logged-in"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <ul class="role-menu"> <li class="user-menu between normal-user-menu"> <div class="hdivider-100"></div> <div class="cart-info"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Payment/Cart"> <i class="inline-icon cart-icon-white"></i> <span id="cartInfoTotalItemsCount"></span> </a> </div> <div class="user-menu-login-or-register"> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Registration?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1168.35" rel="nofollow"> Registration </a> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Account/Login?ReturnUrl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1168.35" rel="nofollow"> Log In </a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div class="header-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="block-header"> <div class="logo-block"> <a href="/" class="application-logo inline-icon logo-icon"></a> <div class="burger-menu-button visible-xs"> <div class="hamburger-box"> <div class="hamburger-inner"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="menu-and-search-block"> <div class="burger-menu"> <nav class="burger-menu-items"> <div class="public-menu"> <ul> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">News</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div class="header-menu-top"> <div class="header-menu-list"> <a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a> <a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a> <a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a> <a href="/news/all">News</a> <a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a> <a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a> </div> </div> <div class="search-block"> <input class="search-control" type="search" placeholder="Search" data-url="/Search"> <button class="button button-95 button-grey search-btn button-simple"> <span class="hidden-xs">Search</span> <i class="inline-icon search-icon-grey visible-xs"></i> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div class="row"> <div class="banner-new"></div> </div> </div> <div class="content"> <div class="container"> <div class="row content-container"> <div class="left-content col-md-4 col-sm-5"> <div class="left-content-first-line icon-container mobile-collapse-button"> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin sibling-name-block"> <div class="page-name-block-text"> Paper Titles <a class="left-content-expand-button"><i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-hover-icon on-focus-arrow-down-black"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="row mobile-collapse-content"> <a href="/AMR.1168.1" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Drying Shrinkage Reduction of Korean Loess Using Cations <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.1</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.11" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Application of Areca Palm Fibers as Strength Enhancement in Conventional Concrete <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.11</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.23" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Sustainable Mortar for Cobogo虂 Production <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.23</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.35" class="normal-large-text icon-container active-element active"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.35</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.49" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Effective Coefficients of Piezoelectric Fiber Reinforced Composites Using Modified Strength of Materials and Energy Approaches <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.49</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.75" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Estimation of Durability Benchmark on Concrete Samples Using Artificial Intelligence <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.75</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.93" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Adsorption of a Cationic Dye Crystal Violet onto a Binary Mixture of Forest Waste Biopolymer: Advanced Statistical Physics Studies <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.93</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.115" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Non-Destructive Evaluation of Mixing and Defects of Friction Stir Welded Dissimilar Aa6061-T6 and Az31b by X-Ray Computed Tomography <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.115</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> <a href="/AMR.1168.123" class="normal-large-text icon-container"> <div class="element-list"> <div class="element-list-text"> Experimental Study of the Hydraulic Jump Compactness in an Open Trapezoidal Channel <br /> <span class="paper-volume-number">p.123</span> </div> <div class="element-list-arrow"> <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black no-focus-icon on-hover-arrow-left-red"></i> </div> </div> </a> </div> </div> <div class="right-content col-md-8 col-sm-7 col-xs-12 paper-title-main-page"> <div class="bread-crumbs hidden-xs"> <a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/">Home</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/AMR">Advanced Materials Research</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><a class="bread-crumbs-first" href="/AMR.1168">Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1168</a><i class="inline-icon arrow-breadcrumbs"></i><span class="bread-crumbs-second">Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and...</span></div> <div class="page-name-block underline-begin"> <h1 class="page-name-block-text">Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells</h1> </div> <div class="paper-statistics"> <div class="loading"> <i class="inline-icon download-and-visitor-statistics-icon"></i> <span class="normal-text" id="paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"></span> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="page-paper-title"> <div class="preview-block"> <img alt="Article Preview" width="128" height="180" src="/AMR.1168.35/thumbnail.gif"> <div id="preview-button" data-url-preview-log="/Paper/PreviewImageLog?paperId=582455"> <i class="inline-icon preview-icon"></i> </div>  <div id="paper-preview-modal" class="modal fade"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Article Preview</div> </div> <img alt="Article Preview" class="preview-image lazyload" data-src="/AMR.1168.35/preview.gif"> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div>  </div> <div class="abstract-block-description"> <h3 class="page-paper-first-header">Abstract:</h3> <p class="normal-text"> The development of platinum-free counter electrodes (CEs) is significant in the development of cost-effective dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). In this study, Pt-free, low-cost carbon black-titanium nitrate (CB-TiN) nanocomposite counter electrodes CEs were prepared via simple heating and cooling process for application in DSSCs. Different weight concentrations of CB-TiN (15-200 mg) were uniformly blended with PEDOT:PSS at 350 rpm and 150掳C for 10 mins. Thereafter, the solution mixtures were immediately cooled at 4掳C overnight to produce PEDOT:PSS/CB-TiN CEs. Further, to investigate the effects of iso-octyphenoxy-polyethoxyethanol (TX100) on the performance of the PEDOT:PSS/CB-TIN CE, various concentrations of TX100 (1-10%) were blended with PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN CE mixture at room temperature to produce PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN/TX100 CEs. The results indicated a gradual increase in electrocatalytic activity coupled with a reduction in internal resistance in the DSSCs as the weight of CB-TiN nanoparticles was enhanced. Similar results were obtained when the concentration of TX100 was increased. The DSSCs with the PEDOT:PSS/200mgCB-TiN and PEDOT:PSS/15mgCB-TiN/10%TX100 CEs exhibited optimum performances of 4.42% and 4.32%, respectively. Their performance closely matches that of the Pt CE (4.43%). </p> </div> <div class="paper-access-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="sa-button-wrap"> <a id="sa-button" class="wayfinder-login d-flex sa-button" href="javascript:;"> <div class="sa-button-logo-wrap"> <i class="inline-icon sa-white"></i> </div> <div class="d-flex justify-content-center align-items-center sa-button-text text-truncate"> <div class="sa-button-text-primary text-truncate">Access through your institution</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="title-button-pdf"> <button id="readPaperButton" data-url-read-paper-log="/Paper/ReadThePaperLog?paperId=582455" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">Read The Paper</span> </button> </div> </div> <div class="row"> </div> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="connected-title-container"> <div class="connected-title-text semibold-middle-text">You might also be interested in these eBooks</div> <div class="connected-title-list-container"> <div class="connected-title-list-item"> <a href="/book/advanced-materials-research-vol-1168/978-3-0357-3848-3" title="Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1168"> <img class="ls-is-cached lazyloaded" src="/Image/TitleCover/6481?width=190" alt="Advanced Materials Research Vol. 1168" /> </a> <a id="downloadPdfButton" href="/book/advanced-materials-research-vol-1168/978-3-0357-3848-3/ebook" class="button"> <span>View Preview</span> <i class="inline-icon book-icon-white small-icon button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info-title"> <h2>Info:</h2> </div> <div class="clearfix"></div> <div class="papers-block-info-list"> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Periodical:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/AMR">Advanced Materials Research</a> <span>(Volume 1168)</span> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Pages:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>35-47</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>DOI:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35">https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Citation:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p><a id="paperCitationsButton" href="#">Cite this paper</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Online since:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p>January 2022</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Authors:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a class="inline-icon mail-icon-red author-send-message" href="#" data-url="/Paper/_Message?paperId=582455&personId=1683245&urlSent=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1168.35" title="Send message to Corresponding Author"> </a> <a href="/author-papers/fadzai-lesley-chawarambwa-1">Fadzai Lesley Chawarambwa</a>*, <a href="/author-papers/tika-erna-putri-1">Tika Erna Putri</a>, <a href="/author-papers/attri-pankaj">Pankaj Attri</a>, <a href="/author-papers/kunihiro-kamataki-1">Kunihiro Kamataki</a>, <a href="/author-papers/naho-itagaki-1">Naho Itagaki</a>, <a href="/author-papers/kazunori-koga-2">Kazunori Koga</a>, <a href="/author-papers/masaharu-shiratani">Masaharu Shiratani</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Keywords:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/paper-keyword/catalytic-performance">Catalytic Performance</a>, <a href="/paper-keyword/counter-electrode">Counter Electrode</a>, <a href="/paper-keyword/cyclic-voltammetry">Cyclic Voltammetry</a>, <a href="/paper-keyword/dye-sensitised-solar-cells">Dye-Sensitised Solar Cells</a>, <a href="/paper-keyword/fill-factor">Fill Factor</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Export:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <a href="/AMR.1168.35.ris">RIS</a>, <a href="/AMR.1168.35.bib">BibTeX</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Price:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p id="paper-price-info"></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Permissions:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p> <i class="inline-icon icon-permission"></i> <a href="https://marketplace.copyright.com/rs-ui-web/mp/search/article/10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1168.35" target="_blank"> Request Permissions </a> </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Сopyright:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <p> 漏 2022 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All Rights Reserved </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Share:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content share-icons semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row">  <div id="" class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_32 a2a_default_style"> <a class="a2a_button_linkedin"></a> <a class="a2a_button_mendeley"></a> <a class="a2a_button_email"></a> <a class="a2a_button_x"></a> <a class="a2a_button_twitter"></a> <a class="a2a_button_whatsapp"></a> <a class="a2a_button_microsoft_teams"></a> <a class="a2a_button_skype"></a> <a class="a2a_button_outlook_com"></a> <a class="a2a_dd" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a> </div> <script async src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js"></script>  </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="papers-block-info col-lg-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="info-row-name normal-text-gray col-md-2 col-sm-3 col-xs-4"> <div class="row"> <p>Citation:</p> </div> </div> <div class="info-row-content semibold-middle-text col-md-10 col-sm-9 col-xs-8"> <div class="row"> <div class="scite-badge" data-doi="10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.1168.35" data-layout="horizontal" data-show-zero="true" data-small="false" data-show-labels="false" data-tally-show="true"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="block-corresponding-buttons col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="block-corresponding normal-text-gray col-md-4 col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <p><span>*</span> - Corresponding Author</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-article reference-collapse col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="view"> <div class="panel-group" id="references-panel"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <a class="panel-title bold-large-text icon-container" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#references-panel" href="#reference-panel-element"> References <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black"></i> </a> </div> <div id="reference-panel-element" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <div class="panel-body"> <div class="references-block"> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[1]</span> J. Wu, Z. Lan; J. Lin, M. Huang, Y. Huang, L. Fan, G. Luo, Y. Lin, Y. Xie, Y. Wei. Counter electrodes in dye-sensitized solar cells, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2017, 46, 5975– 6023. https://doi.org/10.1039/C6CS00752J. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c6cs00752j">10.1039/c6cs00752j</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Counter%20electrodes%20in%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Jihuai%20Wu&author=Zhang%20Lan&author=Jianming%20Lin&author=Miaoliang%20Huang&author=Yunfang%20Huang&author=Leqing%20Fan&author=Genggeng%20Luo&author=Yu%20Lin&author=Yimin%20Xie&author=Yuelin%20Wei&publication_year=2017&journal=Chemical%20Society%20Reviews&volume=46&issue=19&pages=5975-6023&doi=10.1039%2Fc6cs00752j">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[2]</span> Z. Pan, H. Rao, I. Mora-Seró, J. Bisquert, X. Zhong. Chem. Quantum dot sensitized solar cells, Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 7659– 7702. https://doi.org/10.1039/C8CS00431E. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c8cs00431e">10.1039/c8cs00431e</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Quantum%20dot-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Zhenxiao%20Pan&author=Huashang%20Rao&author=Iv%C3%A1n%20Mora-Ser%C3%B3&author=Juan%20Bisquert&author=Xinhua%20Zhong&publication_year=2018&journal=Chemical%20Society%20Reviews&volume=47&issue=20&pages=7659-7702&doi=10.1039%2Fc8cs00431e">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[3]</span> C.V.V.M. Gopi, S. Ravi, S.S. Rao, A.E. Reddy, H.J. Kim. Carbon nanotube/metal-sulfide composite flexible electrodes for high-performance quantum dot-sensitized solar cells and supercapacitors, Sci Rep 7, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46519. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/srep46519">10.1038/srep46519</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Carbon%20nanotube%2Fmetal-sulfide%20composite%20flexible%20electrodes%20for%20high-performance%20quantum%20dot-sensitized%20solar%20cells%20and%20supercapacitors&author=Chandu%20V.%20V.%20Muralee%20Gopi&author=Seenu%20Ravi&author=S.%20Srinivasa%20Rao&author=Araveeti%20Eswar%20Reddy&author=Hee-Je%20Kim&publication_year=2017&journal=Scientific%20Reports&volume=7&issue=1&doi=10.1038%2Fsrep46519">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[4]</span> M. Kokkonen, P. Talebi, J. Zhou, S. Asgari, S.A. Soomro, F. Elsehrawy, J. Halme, S. Ahmad, A. Hagfeldt, & S.G. Hashmi. (2021). Advanced research trends in dye-sensitized solar cells. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, (2021) 9(17), 10527–10545. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00690h. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d1ta00690h">10.1039/d1ta00690h</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Advanced%20research%20trends%20in%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Mikko%20Kokkonen&author=Parisa%20Talebi&author=Jin%20Zhou&author=Somayyeh%20Asgari&author=Sohail%20Ahmed%20Soomro&author=Farid%20Elsehrawy&author=Janne%20Halme&author=Shahzada%20Ahmad&author=Anders%20Hagfeldt&author=Syed%20Ghufran%20Hashmi&publication_year=2021&journal=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry%20A&volume=9&issue=17&pages=10527-10545&doi=10.1039%2Fd1ta00690h">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[5]</span> T.E. Putri, Y. Hao, F.L Chawarambwa, H. Seo, M.K. Son, K. Kamataki, N. Itagaki, K. Koga, & M. Shiratani. Effects of activated carbon counter electrode on bifacial dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Materials Science Forum, (2021) 1016, 863–868. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.863. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.863">10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1016.863</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20Activated%20Carbon%20Counter%20Electrode%20on%20Bifacial%20Dye%20Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells%20%28DSSCs%29&author=Tika%20Erna%20Putri&author=Yuan%20Hao&author=Fadzai%20Lesley%20Chawarambwa&author=Hyunwoong%20Seo&author=Min%20Kyu%20Son&author=Kunihiro%20Kamataki&author=Naho%20Itagaki&author=Kazunori%20Koga&author=Masaharu%20Shiratani&publication_year=2021&journal=Materials%20Science%20Forum&volume=1016&pages=863-868&doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2Fmsf.1016.863">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[6]</span> B. O'Regan, M. Grätzel, A low-cost, high-efficiency solar cell based on dye-sensitized colloidal TiO2 films, Nature 353 (1991) 737–740. https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/353737a0">10.1038/353737a0</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20low-cost%2C%20high-efficiency%20solar%20cell%20based%20on%20dye-sensitized%20colloidal%20TiO2%20films&author=Brian%20O%27Regan&author=Michael%20Gr%C3%A4tzel&publication_year=1991&journal=Nature&volume=353&issue=6346&pages=737-740&doi=10.1038%2F353737a0">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[7]</span> I.K. Popoola, M.A. Gondal, J.M. AlGhamdi and T.F. Qahtan. Photofabrication of Highly Transparent Platinum Counter Electrodes at Ambient Temperature for Bifacial Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Sci Rep 8 (2018), 12864. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31040-1. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-31040-1">10.1038/s41598-018-31040-1</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Photofabrication%20of%20Highly%20Transparent%20Platinum%20Counter%20Electrodes%20at%20Ambient%20Temperature%20for%20Bifacial%20Dye%20Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=Idris%20K.%20Popoola&author=Mohammed%20A.%20Gondal&author=Jwaher%20M.%20AlGhamdi&author=Talal%20F.%20Qahtan&publication_year=2018&journal=Scientific%20Reports&volume=8&issue=1&doi=10.1038%2Fs41598-018-31040-1">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[8]</span> J. Wu, Y. Xiao, Q. Tang, G. Yue, J. Lin, M. Huang,L. Fan, Z. Lan, S. Yin, T. Sato. A Large-Area Light-Weight Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell based on All Titanium Substrates with an Efficiency of 6.69% Outdoors, Adv. Mater. 2012, 24, 1884– 1888, https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200003. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201200003">10.1002/adma.201200003</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20Large-Area%20Light-Weight%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cell%20based%20on%20All%20Titanium%20Substrates%20with%20an%20Efficiency%20of%206.69%25%20Outdoors&author=Jihuai%20Wu&author=Yaoming%20Xiao&author=Qunwei%20Tang&author=Gentian%20Yue&author=Jianming%20Lin&author=Miaoliang%20Huang&author=Yunfang%20Huang&author=Leqing%20Fan&author=Zhang%20Lan&author=Shu%20Yin&author=Tsugio%20Sato&publication_year=2012&journal=Advanced%20Materials&volume=24&issue=14&pages=1884-1888&doi=10.1002%2Fadma.201200003">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[9]</span> S. Yun, A. Hagfeldt, & T. Ma. Pt-Free Counter Electrode for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with High Efficiency, Adv. Mater. (2014) 26, 6210–6237. https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201402056. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/adma.201402056">10.1002/adma.201402056</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Pt-Free%20Counter%20Electrode%20for%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells%20with%20High%20Efficiency&author=Sining%20Yun&author=Anders%20Hagfeldt&author=Tingli%20Ma&publication_year=2014&journal=Advanced%20Materials&volume=26&issue=36&pages=6210-6237&doi=10.1002%2Fadma.201402056">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[10]</span> Y. Y. Li, C. T. Li, M. H. Yeh, K.C. Huang, P.W. Chen, R. Vittal, K.C. Ho. Graphite with Different Structures as Catalysts for Counter Electrodes in Dye-sensitized Solar Cells Electrochim. Acta 2015, 179, 211– 219, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.007. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.007">10.1016/j.electacta.2015.06.007</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Graphite%20with%20Different%20Structures%20as%20Catalysts%20for%20Counter%20Electrodes%20in%20Dye-sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=Yu-Yan%20Li&author=Chun-Ting%20Li&author=Min-Hsin%20Yeh&author=Kuan-Chieh%20Huang&author=Ping-Wei%20Chen&author=R.%20Vittal&author=Kuo-Chuan%20Ho&publication_year=2015&journal=Electrochimica%20Acta&volume=179&pages=211-219&doi=10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2015.06.007">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[11]</span> C. F. Lin, T.H. Hsieh, Y.C. Chou, P.H. Chen, C.W. Chen, C.H. Wu. Cobalt and Carbon Complex as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Photonics (2021), 8, 166. https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050166. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics8050166">10.3390/photonics8050166</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Cobalt%20and%20Carbon%20Complex%20as%20Counter%20Electrodes%20in%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=Chi-Feng%20Lin&author=Ting-Hsuan%20Hsieh&author=Yu-Chen%20Chou&author=Pin-Hung%20Chen&author=Ci-Wun%20Chen&author=Chun-Han%20Wu&publication_year=2021&journal=Photonics&volume=8&issue=5&pages=166&doi=10.3390%2Fphotonics8050166">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[12]</span> H. Guo, Y. Zhu, W. Li, H. Zheng, K. Wu, K. Ding, B. Ruan, A. Hagfeldt, T. Ma, M. Wu. Synthesis of highly effective Pt/carbon fiber composite counter electrode catalyst for dye-sensitized solar cells, Electrochim. Acta 2015, 176, 997– 1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2015.07.103. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.103">10.1016/j.electacta.2015.07.103</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Synthesis%20of%20highly%20effective%20Pt%2Fcarbon%20fiber%20composite%20counter%20electrode%20catalyst%20for%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Hongyue%20Guo&author=Yajing%20Zhu&author=Wenyan%20Li&author=Haikuo%20Zheng&author=Kezhong%20Wu&author=Keqiang%20Ding&author=Bei%20Ruan&author=Anders%20Hagfeldt&author=Tingli%20Ma&author=Mingxing%20Wu&publication_year=2015&journal=Electrochimica%20Acta&volume=176&pages=997-1000&doi=10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2015.07.103">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[13]</span> V. Subbiah., G. Landi, J.J. Wu., S. Anandan., & M. Ashokkumar. Platinum-free dye-sensitized solar cells BY FLOWER-LIKE Mixed-phase coxsy/nixsy/moxsy composites. New Journal of Chemistry, (2021), 45(4), 1967–1976. https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05512c. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/d0nj05512c">10.1039/d0nj05512c</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Platinum-free%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells%20by%20flower-like%20mixed-phase%20Co%3Csub%3Ex%3C%2Fsub%3ES%3Csub%3Ey%3C%2Fsub%3E%2FNi%3Csub%3Ex%3C%2Fsub%3ES%3Csub%3Ey%3C%2Fsub%3E%2FMo%3Csub%3Ex%3C%2Fsub%3ES%3Csub%3Ey%3C%2Fsub%3E%20composites&author=Vijaya%20Subbiah&author=Giovanni%20Landi&author=Jerry%20J.%20Wu&author=Sambandam%20Anandan&author=Muthupandian%20Ashokkumar&publication_year=2021&journal=New%20Journal%20of%20Chemistry&volume=45&issue=4&pages=1967-1976&doi=10.1039%2Fd0nj05512c">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[14]</span> H. Zhou, Y. Shi, Q. Dong, Y. Wang, C. Zhu, L. Wang, N. Wang, Y. Wei, S. Tao, T. Ma. Interlaced W18O49 nanofibers as a superior catalyst for the counter electrode of highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells, J. Mater. Chem. A. (2014), 2, 4347– 4354. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA14345G. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta14345g">10.1039/c3ta14345g</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Interlaced%20W%3Csub%3E18%3C%2Fsub%3EO%3Csub%3E49%3C%2Fsub%3E%20nanofibers%20as%20a%20superior%20catalyst%20for%20the%20counter%20electrode%20of%20highly%20efficient%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Huawei%20Zhou&author=Yantao%20Shi&author=Qingshun%20Dong&author=Yanxiang%20Wang&author=Chao%20Zhu&author=Liang%20Wang&author=Ning%20Wang&author=Ying%20Wei&author=Shengyang%20Tao&author=Tingli%20Ma&publication_year=2014&journal=J.%20Mater.%20Chem.%20A&volume=2&issue=12&pages=4347-4354&doi=10.1039%2Fc3ta14345g">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[15]</span> L. Wang, Y. Shi, H. Zhang, X. Bai, Y. Wang, T. Ma. Iron oxide nanostructures as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for mesoscopic photovoltaics, J. Mater. Chem. A, 2014, 2, 15279– 15283. https://doi.org/10.1039/C4TA03727H. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c4ta03727h">10.1039/c4ta03727h</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Iron%20oxide%20nanostructures%20as%20highly%20efficient%20heterogeneous%20catalysts%20for%20mesoscopic%20photovoltaics&author=Liang%20Wang&author=Yantao%20Shi&author=Hong%20Zhang&author=Xiaogong%20Bai&author=Yanxiang%20Wang&author=Tingli%20Ma&publication_year=2014&journal=J.%20Mater.%20Chem.%20A&volume=2&issue=37&pages=15279-15283&doi=10.1039%2Fc4ta03727h">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[16]</span> S. Ahmad; T. Bessho; F. Kessler; E. Baranoff; J. Frey; C. Yi; M. Gratzel; M. K. Nazeeruddin. A new generation of platinum and iodine free efficient dye-sensitized solar cells, Chem. Phys. 2012, 14, 10631– 10639. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2CP41611E. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2cp41611e">10.1039/c2cp41611e</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20new%20generation%20of%20platinum%20and%20iodine%20free%20efficient%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Shahzada%20Ahmad&author=Takeru%20Bessho&author=Florian%20Kessler&author=Etienne%20Baranoff&author=Julien%20Frey&author=Chenyi%20Yi&author=Michael%20Gr%C3%A4tzel&author=Mohammad%20K.%20Nazeeruddin&publication_year=2012&journal=Physical%20Chemistry%20Chemical%20Physics&volume=14&issue=30&pages=10631&doi=10.1039%2Fc2cp41611e">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[17]</span> H. Wang, Q. Feng, F. Gong, Y. Li, G. Zhou, Z.S. Wang,. In situ growth of oriented polyaniline nanowires array for efficient cathode of Co(iii)/Co(ii) mediated dye-sensitized solar cell, J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 97– 104. https://doi.org/10.1039/C2TA00705C. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c2ta00705c">10.1039/c2ta00705c</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=In%20situ%20growth%20of%20oriented%20polyaniline%20nanowires%20array%20for%20efficient%20cathode%20of%20Co%28%3Cscp%3Eiii%3C%2Fscp%3E%29%2FCo%28%3Cscp%3Eii%3C%2Fscp%3E%29%20mediated%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cell&author=Hong%20Wang&author=Quanyou%20Feng&author=Feng%20Gong&author=Yan%20Li&author=Gang%20Zhou&author=Zhong-Sheng%20Wang&publication_year=2013&journal=J.%20Mater.%20Chem.%20A&volume=1&issue=1&pages=97-104&doi=10.1039%2Fc2ta00705c">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[18]</span> S. Jiao., J. Wen., Y. Zhou., Z. Sun., Y. Liu., & R. Liu. Preparation and Property studies of POLYANILINE film for a flexible Counter electrode of DYE‐SENSITIZED solar cells by Cyclic Voltammetry. ChemistrySelect, (2021), 6(2), 230–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202004412. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202004412">10.1002/slct.202004412</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Preparation%20and%20Property%20Studies%20of%20Polyaniline%20Film%20for%20Flexible%20Counter%20Electrode%20of%20Dye%E2%80%90Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells%20by%20Cyclic%20Voltammetry&author=Shouzheng%20Jiao&author=Jinyue%20Wen&author=Yang%20Zhou&author=Zhicheng%20Sun&author=Yuanyuan%20Liu&author=Ruping%20Liu&publication_year=2021&journal=ChemistrySelect&volume=6&issue=2&pages=230-233&doi=10.1002%2Fslct.202004412">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[19]</span> T. Tevi, S. W. Birch, S. W. Thomas., & A. Takshi. Effect of Triton X-100 on the double layer capacitance and conductivity of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate) films, Synthetic Metals, (2014) 191, 59-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.02.005. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.02.005">10.1016/j.synthmet.2014.02.005</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effect%20of%20Triton%20X-100%20on%20the%20double%20layer%20capacitance%20and%20conductivity%20of%20poly%283%2C4-ethylenedioxythiophene%29%3Apoly%28styrenesulfonate%29%20%28PEDOT%3APSS%29%20films&author=Tete%20Tevi&author=Shantonio%20W.%20Saint%20Birch&author=Sylvia%20W.%20Thomas&author=Arash%20Takshi&publication_year=2014&journal=Synthetic%20Metals&volume=191&pages=59-65&doi=10.1016%2Fj.synthmet.2014.02.005">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[20]</span> D.S. Yoo, A. Mahmoudzadeh, E.C.W. Fok, K. Walus, J.D.W. Madden. Multiple time constant modeling of a printed conducting polymer electrode, Electrochimica Acta, 56 (2011), 4711-4716 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.062. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.062">10.1016/j.electacta.2011.02.062</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Multiple%20time%20constant%20modelling%20of%20a%20printed%20conducting%20polymer%20electrode&author=Dan%20Sik%20Yoo&author=Ali%20Mahmoudzadeh&author=Eddie%20C.W.%20Fok&author=Konrad%20Walus&author=John%20D.W.%20Madden&publication_year=2011&journal=Electrochimica%20Acta&volume=56&issue=13&pages=4711-4716&doi=10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2011.02.062">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[21]</span> X. Crispin, F.L.E. Jakobsson, A. Crispin, P.C.M. Grim, P. Andersson, A. Volodin, C. van Haesendonck, M. Van der Auweraer, W.R. Salaneck, M. Berggren. The Origin of the High Conductivity of Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)−Poly(styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT−PSS) Plastic Electrodes, Chemistry of Materials, 18 (2006), 4354-4360 https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061032+. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/cm061032+">10.1021/cm061032+</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=The%20Origin%20of%20the%20High%20Conductivity%20of%20Poly%283%2C4-ethylenedioxythiophene%29%E2%88%92Poly%28styrenesulfonate%29%20%28PEDOT%E2%88%92PSS%29%20Plastic%20Electrodes&author=X.%20Crispin&author=F.%20L.%20E.%20Jakobsson&author=A.%20Crispin&author=P.%20C.%20M.%20Grim&author=P.%20Andersson&author=A.%20Volodin&author=C.%20van%20Haesendonck&author=M.%20Van%20der%20Auweraer&author=W.%20R.%20Salaneck&author=M.%20Berggren&publication_year=2006&journal=Chemistry%20of%20Materials&volume=18&issue=18&pages=4354-4360&doi=10.1021%2Fcm061032%2B">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[22]</span> F. Chawarambwa, T. Putri, M. Son, K. Kamataki, N. Itagaki, K. Koga, et al., Graphene-Si3N4 nanocomposite blended polymer counter electrode for low-cost dye-sensitized solar cells, Chemical Physics Letters. 2020, 758, 137920. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137920. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137920">10.1016/j.cplett.2020.137920</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Graphene-Si3N4%20nanocomposite%20blended%20polymer%20counter%20electrode%20for%20low-cost%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Fadzai%20Lesley%20Chawarambwa&author=Tika%20Erna%20Putri&author=Min-Kyu%20Son&author=Kunihiro%20Kamataki&author=Naho%20Itagaki&author=Kazunori%20Koga&author=Masaharu%20Shiratani&publication_year=2020&journal=Chemical%20Physics%20Letters&volume=758&pages=137920&doi=10.1016%2Fj.cplett.2020.137920">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[23]</span> W. Zhang, B. Zhao, Z. He, X. Zhao, H. Wang, S. Yang, H. Wu, Y. Cao. High-efficiency ITO-free polymer solar cells using highly conductive PEDOT:PSS/surfactant bilayer transparent anodes, Energy Environ. Sci., 2013, (6), 1956-1964 https://doi.org/10.1039/C3EE41077C. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee41077c">10.1039/c3ee41077c</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=High-efficiency%20ITO-free%20polymer%20solar%20cells%20using%20highly%20conductive%20PEDOT%3APSS%2Fsurfactant%20bilayer%20transparent%20anodes&author=Wenfeng%20Zhang&author=Baofeng%20Zhao&author=Zhicai%20He&author=Xuemei%20Zhao&author=Haitao%20Wang&author=Shangfeng%20Yang&author=Hongbin%20Wu&author=Yong%20Cao&publication_year=2013&journal=Energy%20%26amp%3B%20Environmental%20Science&volume=6&issue=6&pages=1956&doi=10.1039%2Fc3ee41077c">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[24]</span> M.E. Plonska-Brzezinska, M. Lewandowski, M. Błaszyk, A. Molina-Ontoria, T. Luciński, L. Echegoyen, Preparation and Characterization of Carbon Nano-Onion/PEDOT:PSS Composites, ChemPhysChem, 13 (2012), 4134-4141 https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200789. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cphc.201200789">10.1002/cphc.201200789</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Preparation%20and%20Characterization%20of%20Carbon%20Nano-Onion%2FPEDOT%3APSS%20Composites&author=Marta%20E.%20Plonska-Brzezinska&author=Miko%C5%82aj%20Lewandowski&author=Ma%C5%82gorzata%20B%C5%82aszyk&author=Agustin%20Molina-Ontoria&author=Tadeusz%20Luci%C5%84ski&author=Luis%20Echegoyen&publication_year=2012&journal=ChemPhysChem&volume=13&issue=18&pages=4134-4141&doi=10.1002%2Fcphc.201200789">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[25]</span> J. Yang, Q. Jiang, J. Zhang, J. Xu, J. Liu, P. Liu, et al., In situ fabricated PEDOT:PSS:pani with enhanced thermoelectric performance by organic solvent and CSA treatment, Synthetic Metals. 269 (2020) 116546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116546. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116546">10.1016/j.synthmet.2020.116546</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=In%20situ%20fabricated%20PEDOT%3APSS%3APANI%20with%20enhanced%20thermoelectric%20performance%20by%20organic%20solvent%20and%20CSA%20treatment&author=Jiaji%20Yang&author=Qinglin%20Jiang&author=Jiang%20Zhang&author=Jingkun%20Xu&author=Jing%20Liu&author=Peipei%20Liu&author=Guoqiang%20Liu&author=Yeye%20Wang&author=Fengxing%20Jiang&publication_year=2020&journal=Synthetic%20Metals&volume=269&pages=116546&doi=10.1016%2Fj.synthmet.2020.116546">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[26]</span> H. Xu, X. Zhang, C. Zhang, Z. Liu, X. Zhou, S. Pang, et al., Nanostructured Titanium Nitride/PEDOT:PSS Composite Films As Counter Electrodes of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. (2012), 4(2), 1087-1092. https://doi.org/10.1021/am201720p. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am201720p">10.1021/am201720p</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Nanostructured%20Titanium%20Nitride%2FPEDOT%3APSS%20Composite%20Films%20As%20Counter%20Electrodes%20of%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=Hongxia%20Xu&author=Xiaoying%20Zhang&author=Chuanjian%20Zhang&author=Zhihong%20Liu&author=Xinhong%20Zhou&author=Shuping%20Pang&author=Xiao%20Chen&author=Shanmu%20Dong&author=Zhongyi%20Zhang&author=Lixue%20Zhang&author=Pengxian%20Han&author=Xiaogang%20Wang&author=Guanglei%20Cui&publication_year=2012&journal=ACS%20Applied%20Materials%20%26amp%3B%20Interfaces&volume=4&issue=2&pages=1087-1092&doi=10.1021%2Fam201720p">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[27]</span> W. Lengauer, S. Binder, K. Aigner, P. Ettmayer, A. Guillou, J. Debuigne, et al., Solid state properties of group IVB carbonitrides, Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 217 (1995) 137–147. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/0925-8388(94)01315-9">10.1016/0925-8388(94)01315-9</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Solid%20state%20properties%20of%20group%20IVb%20carbonitrides&author=W.%20Lengauer&author=S.%20Binder&author=K.%20Aigner&author=P.%20Ettmayer&author=A.%20Guillou&author=J.%20Debuigne&author=G.%20Groboth&publication_year=1995&journal=Journal%20of%20Alloys%20and%20Compounds&volume=217&issue=1&pages=137-147&doi=10.1016%2F0925-8388%2894%2901315-9">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[28]</span> C. Wu, G. Li, X. Cao, B. Lei, X. Gao. Carbon nitride transparent counter electrode prepared by magnetron sputtering for a dye-sensitized solar cell. Green Energy & Environment, (2017) 2(3), 302–309. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2017.06.002. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gee.2017.06.002">10.1016/j.gee.2017.06.002</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Carbon%20nitride%20transparent%20counter%20electrode%20prepared%20by%20magnetron%20sputtering%20for%20a%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cell&author=Chaoyu%20Wu&author=Guoran%20Li&author=Xueqin%20Cao&author=Bao%20Lei&author=Xueping%20Gao&publication_year=2017&journal=Green%20Energy%20%26amp%3B%20Environment&volume=2&issue=3&pages=302-309&doi=10.1016%2Fj.gee.2017.06.002">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[29]</span> J.S. Choi, J.-H. Yim, D.-W. Kim, J.-K. Jeon, Y.S. Ko, Y. Kim. Effects of various imidazole-based weak bases and surfactant on the conductivity and transparency of poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) films, Synthetic Metals, 159 (2009), 2506-2511 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.08.049. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.08.049">10.1016/j.synthmet.2009.08.049</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Effects%20of%20various%20imidazole-based%20weak%20bases%20and%20surfactant%20on%20the%20conductivity%20and%20transparency%20of%20poly%283%2C4-ethylenedioxythiophene%29%20films&author=Jong%20Seob%20Choi&author=Jin-Heong%20Yim&author=Dong-Won%20Kim&author=Jong-Ki%20Jeon&author=Young%20Soo%20Ko&author=Youngjo%20Kim&publication_year=2009&journal=Synthetic%20Metals&volume=159&issue=23-24&pages=2506-2511&doi=10.1016%2Fj.synthmet.2009.08.049">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[30]</span> K. Fic, G. Lota, E. Frackowiak. Electrochemical properties of supercapacitors operating in aqueous electrolyte with surfactants, Electrochimica Acta, 55 (2010), 7484-7488 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.037. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.037">10.1016/j.electacta.2010.02.037</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Electrochemical%20properties%20of%20supercapacitors%20operating%20in%20aqueous%20electrolyte%20with%20surfactants&author=Krzysztof%20Fic&author=Grzegorz%20Lota&author=Elzbieta%20Frackowiak&publication_year=2010&journal=Electrochimica%20Acta&volume=55&issue=25&pages=7484-7488&doi=10.1016%2Fj.electacta.2010.02.037">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[31]</span> F. L. Chawarambwa, T.E. Putri, Son, P. Attri, K. Kamataki, N. Itagaki, K. Koga, M. Shiratani. Highly efficient and transparent counter electrode for application in bifacial solar cells (2020). Cplett, 768, 138369 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138369. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138369">10.1016/j.cplett.2021.138369</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Highly%20efficient%20and%20transparent%20counter%20electrode%20for%20application%20in%20bifacial%20solar%20cells&author=Fadzai%20Lesley%20Chawarambwa&author=Tika%20Erna%20Putri&author=Pankaj%20Attri&author=Kunihiro%20Kamataki&author=Naho%20Itagaki&author=Kazunori%20Koga&author=Masaharu%20Shiratani&publication_year=2021&journal=Chemical%20Physics%20Letters&volume=768&pages=138369&doi=10.1016%2Fj.cplett.2021.138369">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[32]</span> J. Chen, H. Wei, & K. Ho. Using modified poly(3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene): Poly(styrene sulfonate) film as a counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, (2007) 91(15-16), 1472-1477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.024. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.024">10.1016/j.solmat.2007.03.024</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Using%20modified%20poly%283%2C4-ethylene%20dioxythiophene%29%3A%20Poly%28styrene%20sulfonate%29%20film%20as%20a%20counter%20electrode%20in%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Jian-Ging%20Chen&author=Hung-Yu%20Wei&author=Kuo-Chuan%20Ho&publication_year=2007&journal=Solar%20Energy%20Materials%20and%20Solar%20Cells&volume=91&issue=15-16&pages=1472-1477&doi=10.1016%2Fj.solmat.2007.03.024">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[33]</span> K. Moolsarn, A. Tangtrakarn, A. Pimsawat, K. Duangsa, C. Mongkolkachit, W. Maiaugree, et al., A Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Using a Composite of PEDOT:PSS and Carbon Derived from Human Hair for a Counter Electrode, International Journal Of Photoenergy. 2017, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1064868. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1064868">10.1155/2017/1064868</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cell%20Using%20a%20Composite%20of%20PEDOT%3APSS%20and%20Carbon%20Derived%20from%20Human%20Hair%20for%20a%20Counter%20Electrode&author=Klitsada%20Moolsarn&author=Apishok%20Tangtrakarn&author=Adulphan%20Pimsawat&author=Kornrawit%20Duangsa&author=Charusporn%20Mongkolkachit&author=Wasan%20Maiaugree&author=Vittaya%20Amornkitbamrung&publication_year=2017&journal=International%20Journal%20of%20Photoenergy&volume=2017&pages=1-11&doi=10.1155%2F2017%2F1064868">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[34]</span> M. Wu and T. Ma, Platinum-Free Catalysts as Counter Electrodes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, ChemSusChem, (2012) 5(8), 1343–1357. https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100676. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201100676">10.1002/cssc.201100676</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Platinum-Free%20Catalysts%20as%20Counter%20Electrodes%20in%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=Mingxing%20Wu&author=Tingli%20Ma&publication_year=2012&journal=ChemSusChem&volume=5&issue=8&pages=1343-1357&doi=10.1002%2Fcssc.201100676">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[35]</span> W. Hong, Y. Xu, G. Lu, Elecom., (2008) 1555-1558. Transparent graphene/PEDOT–PSS composite films as counter electrodes of dye-sensitized solar cells https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.007. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.007">10.1016/j.elecom.2008.08.007</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Transparent%20graphene%2FPEDOT%E2%80%93PSS%20composite%20films%20as%20counter%20electrodes%20of%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Wenjing%20Hong&author=Yuxi%20Xu&author=Gewu%20Lu&author=Chun%20Li&author=Gaoquan%20Shi&publication_year=2008&journal=Electrochemistry%20Communications&volume=10&issue=10&pages=1555-1558&doi=10.1016%2Fj.elecom.2008.08.007">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[36]</span> C.T. Li, C.P. Lee, Y.Y. Li, M.H. Yeh, K.C. Ho, A composite film of Tis2/PEDOT:PSS as the electrocatalyst for the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry A. 1 (2013) 14888. https://doi.org/10.1039/C3TA12603J. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ta12603j">10.1039/c3ta12603j</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=A%20composite%20film%20of%20TiS2%2FPEDOT%3APSS%20as%20the%20electrocatalyst%20for%20the%20counter%20electrode%20in%20dye-sensitized%20solar%20cells&author=Chun-Ting%20Li&author=Chuan-Pei%20Lee&author=Yu-Yan%20Li&author=Min-Hsin%20Yeh&author=Kuo-Chuan%20Ho&publication_year=2013&journal=Journal%20of%20Materials%20Chemistry%20A&volume=1&issue=47&pages=14888&doi=10.1039%2Fc3ta12603j">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[37]</span> P. Sudhagar, S. Nagarajan, Y. G. Lee, D. H. Song, T. W. Son, W.H. Cho , M. Y. Heo , K. J. Lee, J. G. Won and Y. S. Kang. Synergistic catalytic effect of a composite (CoS/PEDOT:PSS) counter electrode on triiodide reduction in dye-sensitized solar cells ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2011, 3, 1838. https://doi.org/10.1021/am2003735. </p> <p> DOI: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1021/am2003735">10.1021/am2003735</a> </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_lookup?title=Synergistic%20Catalytic%20Effect%20of%20a%20Composite%20%28CoS%2FPEDOT%3APSS%29%20Counter%20Electrode%20on%20Triiodide%20Reduction%20in%20Dye-Sensitized%20Solar%20Cells&author=P.%20Sudhagar&author=S.%20Nagarajan&author=Yong-Gun%20Lee&author=Donghoon%20Song&author=Taewook%20Son&author=Woohyung%20Cho&author=Miyoung%20Heo&author=Kyoungjun%20Lee&author=Jongok%20Won&author=Yong%20Soo%20Kang&publication_year=2011&journal=ACS%20Applied%20Materials%20%26amp%3B%20Interfaces&volume=3&issue=6&pages=1838-1843&doi=10.1021%2Fam2003735">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> <div class="reference-text volume-info-text"> <p> <span>[38]</span> Z. Y. Zhang , X. Y. Zhang , H. X. Xu , Z. H. Liu , S. P. Pang , X. H. Zhou , S. M. Dong, X. Chen and G. L. Cui, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2012, 4 , 6242. https://doi.org/10.1021/am3018338. </p> <p><a href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=Z.%20Y.%20Zhang%20%2C%20X.%20Y.%20Zhang%20%2C%20H.%20X.%20Xu%20%2C%20Z.%20H.%20Liu%20%2C%20S.%20P.%20Pang%20%2C%20X.%20H.%20Zhou%20%2C%20S.%20M.%20Dong%2C%20X.%20Chen%20and%20G.%20L.%20Cui%2C%20ACS%20Appl.%20Mater.%20Interfaces%2C%202012%2C%204%20%2C%206242.%20https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1021%2Fam3018338.">Google Scholar</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-article cited-collapse col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="view"> <div class="panel-group" id="cited-panel"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <a id="citedby-link" class="panel-title bold-large-text icon-container" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#cited-panel-" data-paper-id="582455" href="#citedby-root"> Cited by <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black"></i> </a> </div> <div id="citedby-root" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <span class="busy-icon"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="related-article related-collapse col-xs-12"> <div class="row"> <div class="view"> <div class="panel-group" id="related-articles-panel"> <div class="panel panel-default"> <div class="panel-heading"> <a id="related-articles-link" class="panel-title bold-large-text icon-container" data-toggle="collapse" data-parent="#related-articles-panel" href="#related-articles-root"> Related Articles <i class="inline-icon arrow-right-black"></i> </a> </div> <div id="related-articles-root" class="panel-collapse collapse"> <span class="busy-icon"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="author-message-modal" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"></div> <div id="citations-modal" class="modal fade" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog popup"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Citation</div> </div> <a class="inline-icon close-icon" data-dismiss="modal" title="Close"></a> <div class="modal-body"> <div id="citations-modal-content"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="addToCart" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Add To Cart</div> </div> <div class="shopping-cart-block"> <div class="popup-cart-block-image"> <i class="inline-icon add-paper-icon"></i> </div> <div class="popup-cart-block-text"> <p>Paper price: <span id="popup-paper-price"></span></p> <p>After payment, you will receive an email with instructions and a link to download the purchased paper.</p> <p>You may also check the possible access via personal account by logging in or/and check access through your institution.</p> </div> </div> <div class="popup-block-buttons clearfix"> <div class="three-buttons-block"> <a data-dismiss="modal" class="button button-95 button-grey icon-container"> <i class="inline-icon button-arrow-back-black button-icon-left"></i> <span class="inline-element">Back</span> </a> <button data-url="/Cart/AddPaper" data-paperid="582455" id="addPaperButton" class="button button-160" disabled> <span class="inline-element">Add to Cart</span> <i class="inline-icon cart-icon-white button-icon-right"></i> </button> </div> </div> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div> <div id="addedToCart" class="modal fade" tabindex="-1" role="dialog"> <div class="modal-dialog" role="document"> <div class="popup-page-name underline-begin"> <div class="page-name-block-text">Add To Cart</div> </div> <div class="shopping-cart-block"> <div class="popup-cart-block-image"> <i class="inline-icon add-paper-icon"></i> </div> <div class="popup-cart-block-text"> <p>This paper has been added to your cart</p> </div> </div> <div class="popup-block-buttons clearfix"> <div class="three-buttons-block"> <a data-dismiss="modal" class="button button-95 button-grey icon-container"> <i class="inline-icon button-arrow-back-black button-icon-left"></i> <span class="inline-element">Back</span> </a> <a href="https://main.scientific.net/Payment/Cart" class="button button-160"> <span class="inline-element">To Cart</span> <i class="inline-icon cart-icon-white button-icon-right"></i> </a> </div> </div> <a data-dismiss="modal" title="Close" class="inline-icon close-icon"></a> </div> </div> <div class="social-icon-popup"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-popup-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> <div class="sc-footer"> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="footer-menu col-md-12 col-sm-12 col-xs-12"> <ul class="list-inline menu-font"> <li><a href="/ForLibraries">For Libraries</a></li> <li><a href="/ForPublication/Paper">For Publication</a></li> <li><a href="/insights" target="_blank">Insights</a></li> <li><a href="/DocuCenter">Downloads</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/AboutUs">About Us</a></li> <li><a href="/PolicyAndEthics/PublishingPolicies">Policy & Ethics</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Contacts">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Imprint">Imprint</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/PrivacyPolicy">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/Home/Sitemap">Sitemap</a></li> <li><a href="/Conferences">All Conferences</a></li> <li><a href="/special-issues">All Special Issues</a></li> <li><a href="/news/all">All News</a></li> <li><a href="/read-and-publish-agreements">Read & Publish Agreements</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/Scientific.Net.Ltd/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon facebook-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/Scientific_Net/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon twitter-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/scientificnet/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" title="Scientific.Net"><i class="inline-icon linkedin-footer-icon social-icon"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="line-footer"></div> <div class="footer-fluid"> <div class="container"> <div class="row"> <div class="col-xs-12 footer-copyright"> <p> © 2024 Trans Tech Publications Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies. For open access content, terms of the Creative Commons licensing CC-BY are applied. <br />Scientific.Net is a registered trademark of Trans Tech Publications Ltd. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <a class="scrollTop inline-icon scroll-top-icon" href="#" style="display: none"></a> </div> <script src="/Scripts/public.min.js?v=BtSq2PJEHRTW2PekpQGgIQKs7-OSPiKhsoI9rMs6kTU"></script> <script src="https://scholar.google.com/scholar_js/casa.js" async></script> <script async type="application/javascript" src="https://cdn.scite.ai/badge/scite-badge-latest.min.js"></script> <script> $(function () { var statisticsDownloadedHandler = function ($element) { return function (count) { $element.text(count); $element.parent().removeClass("loading"); }; }; $.get("/Paper/GetDownloadsAndVisitorsCount?paperId=582455", statisticsDownloadedHandler($("#paperDownloadsAndVisitorsCount"))); $.ajax({method: "GET", url: "/Paper/GetPrice?paperId=582455" }) .retry({times: 3, timeout: 3000 }) .done(function (price) { $("#paper-price-info").html(price); $("#popup-paper-price").html(price); $("#addPaperButton").removeAttr("disabled"); }); $("#paperCitationsButton").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); Scinet.busy.lock(); var $modal = $("#citations-modal"), $modalContent = $("#citations-modal-content"); $.get("/Paper/Citations?doi=10.4028%2Fwww.scientific.net%2FAMR.1168.35") .done(function (content) { Scinet.busy.unlock(); $modalContent.html(content); $modal.modal(); }) .fail(function () { Scinet.busy.unlock(); Scinet.error("The DOI has not been activated yet. Please try again later."); }); }); $("#ask-by-email-button") .on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var url = $(this).data("url"); $("#ask-by-email-modal") .load(url, function () { $("#ask-by-email-modal").modal(); }); }); $("#downloadPdfButton").on("click", function () { Scinet.busy.lock(); setTimeout(Scinet.busy.unlock, 8000); }); var readThePaperLogged = false; $("#readPaperButton").on( "click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); $("#addToCart").modal(); if (!readThePaperLogged) { var url = $("#readPaperButton").data("urlReadPaperLog"); $.ajax({ url: url }); readThePaperLogged = true; } }); $("#addPaperButton").on( "click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var $button = $(this), url = $button.data("url"), paperId = $button.data("paperid"); $.post(url, { paperId: paperId }) .done( function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(); $('#addToCart').modal('hide'); $("#addedToCart").modal(); }); }); $(".paper-title-main-page a.panel-title").on("click", function () { $(this).toggleClass("active"); }); $(".author-send-message").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var url = $(this).data("url"), $modal = $("#author-message-modal"); $modal.load(url, function () { $modal.modal(); }); }); var previewLogged = false; $("#preview-button") .on("click", function () { $("#paper-preview-modal").modal(); if (!previewLogged) { var url = $(this).data("url-preview-log"); $.ajax({ url: url }); previewLogged = true; } }); function getCitedByInfo(page) { var $citedbyroot = $("#citedby-root"); var paperId = $("#citedby-link").data("paper-id"); if (paperId && page) { $.ajax( { method: "GET", url: "/Paper/CitedBy", data: { paperId: paperId, pageNumber: page } }) .done( function (response) { $citedbyroot.html(response); $(".citedby-paginator").on("click", function () { var pageNumber = $(this).attr("page"); getCitedByInfo(pageNumber); }); }) .fail( function (request, status, error) { $citedbyroot .html('<div style="color: red; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px;"><p>' + error + "</p></div>"); }); } } $("#citedby-link") .on("click", function () { var $citedbyroot = $("#citedby-root"); if (!$citedbyroot.data("loaded")) { getCitedByInfo(1); $citedbyroot.data("loaded", true); } }); $("#citations-modal-content") .on("click", ".citations-list-item-value a", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); }); var clipboard = new ClipboardJS("#citations-modal-content .citations-list-item .inline-icon"); clipboard.on("success", function (e) { var $icon = $(e.trigger); var originalName = "data-original-title"; var prevTitle = $icon.attr(originalName); $icon.addClass("icon-copied").removeClass("icon-copy"); $icon.attr(originalName, "Copied!").tooltip("show"); setTimeout(function () { $icon.attr(originalName, prevTitle).tooltip("hide"); $icon.addClass("icon-copy").removeClass("icon-copied"); }, 3000); e.clearSelection(); }); function getRelatedArticles() { var $releatedArticlesRoot = $("#related-articles-root"); $.ajax( { method: "GET", url: "/Paper/RelatedArticles?paperId=582455" }) .done( function (response) { $releatedArticlesRoot.html(response); }) .fail( function (request, status, error) { $releatedArticlesRoot .html('<div style="color: red; padding-top: 30px; padding-bottom: 30px;"><p>Server Error. Sorry for the inconvenience. Our team is working to fix this internal error. Please check back shortly.</p></div>'); }); } $("#related-articles-link") .on("click", function () { var $releatedArticlesRoot = $("#related-articles-root"); if (!$releatedArticlesRoot.data("loaded")) { getRelatedArticles(); $releatedArticlesRoot.data("loaded", true); } }) $("body").tooltip({ selector: "[data-toggle=tooltip]" }); }); $(document) .ready( function () { var isHidden = sessionStorage.getItem('isPublicMessagesHidden'); if (isHidden === 'true') { $('.message-container').hide(); } $('#hide-button') .click( function (event) { event.preventDefault(); $('.message-container').hide(); sessionStorage.setItem('isPublicMessagesHidden', 'true'); }); }); </script> <script asp-render-component-scripts> (function (w, a, y, f) { w._wayfinder = w._wayfinder || function () { (w._wayfinder.q = w._wayfinder.q || []).push(arguments) }; p = { oaDomain: 'scientific.net', oaAppId: '9a54dd64-0769-4f59-a7ec-b249515c9de7' }; w._wayfinder.settings = p; w._wayfinder.options = { rememberCrossSite: false }; h = a.getElementsByTagName('head')[0]; s = a.createElement('script'); s.async = 1; q = Object.keys(p).map(function (key) { return key + '=' + p[key] }).join('&'); s.src = y + 'v1' + f + "?" + q; h.appendChild(s); } )(window, document, 'https://wayfinder.openathens.net/embed/', '/loader.js'); $(function () { var wayfinderEnabled = true; $("#sa-button").on("click", function (e) { if (wayfinderEnabled) { setTargetPageCookie(); } else { e.preventDefault(); setTargetPageCookie(); window.location.href = this.href; } }); function setTargetPageCookie() { var in5Minutes = 1 / 3600 * 5; Cookies.set("Scinet.TargetPage", window.location.href, { domain: ".scientific.net", expires: in5Minutes, secure: true }); } }); Scinet.public = (function () { function loadCartInfo(onLoad) { var formatCartItemCount = function (count) { var format = (count > 1 || count === 0) ? "{0} items" : "{0} item"; $("#cartInfoTotalItemsCount").html(Scinet.stringFormat(format, count)); }, cookieCartItemCount = Cookies.get("Scinet5.CartItemsCount"); if (onLoad && cookieCartItemCount != null) { formatCartItemCount(parseInt(cookieCartItemCount, 10)); } else { $.ajax({ url: "/Cart/GetItemsCount", cache: false }) .done( function (count) { Cookies.set("Scinet5.CartItemsCount", count, { domain: ".scientific.net", secure: true }); formatCartItemCount(count); }); } } return { loadCartInfo: loadCartInfo }; })(); $(function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(true); $("[data-add-book-to-cart]").on("click", function (e) { e.preventDefault(); var data = $(this).data("add-book-to-cart"); console.log(data); var url = "/Cart/AddBook"; $.post(url, data) .done( function () { Scinet.public.loadCartInfo(); $("#addToCart").modal(); }) .fail( function (xhr) { Scinet.error(xhr.responseText); }); }) }); </script> <script> var $buoop = { required: { e: 11, f: -6, o: -6, s: -3, c: -6 }, insecure: false, unsupported: false, api: 2019.11, reminder: 0, onshow: function () { window.browserUpdateOutdated = true; } }; function $buo_f() { var e = document.createElement("script"); e.src = "//browser-update.org/update.min.js"; document.body.appendChild(e); }; try { document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded", $buo_f, false) } catch (e) { window.attachEvent("onload", $buo_f) } </script>   <script> window.clientErrorLogActionUrl = "/Errors/LogClientError"; </script> </body> </html>

CINXE.COM

Performances of Carbon Black-Titanium nitrate and Carbon Black-Titanium/Triton X-100 Composite Polymer Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells | Scientific.Net