{"title":"Analytical Model for Brine Discharges from a Sea Outfall with Multiport Diffusers","authors":"Anton Purnama","volume":56,"journal":"International Journal of Physical and Mathematical Sciences","pagesStart":1106,"pagesEnd":1111,"ISSN":"1307-6892","URL":"https:\/\/publications.waset.org\/pdf\/10081","abstract":"Multiport diffusers are the effective engineering\r\ndevices installed at the modern marine outfalls for the steady\r\ndischarge of effluent streams from the coastal plants, such as\r\nmunicipal sewage treatment, thermal power generation and seawater\r\ndesalination. A mathematical model using a two-dimensional\r\nadvection-diffusion equation based on a flat seabed and incorporating\r\nthe effect of a coastal tidal current is developed to calculate the\r\ncompounded concentration following discharges of desalination\r\nbrine from a sea outfall with multiport diffusers. The analytical\r\nsolutions are computed graphically to illustrate the merging of\r\nmultiple brine plumes in shallow coastal waters, and further\r\napproximation will be made to the maximum shoreline's\r\nconcentration to formulate dilution of a multiport diffuser discharge.","references":"[1] S. Lattemann, and T. Hopner, \"Environmental impact and impact\r\nassessment of seawater desalination,\" Desalination, vol. 220, pp. 1-15,\r\n2008.\r\n[2] C. Sheppard, M. Al-Husiani, F. Al-Jamali, F. Al-Yamani, R. Baldwin, J.\r\nBishop, F. Benzoni, E. Dutrieux, N.K. Dulvy, S.R.V. Durvasula, D.A.\r\nJones, R. Loughland, D. Medio, M. Nithyanandan, G.M. Pilling, I.\r\nPolykarpov, A.R.G. Price, S. Purkis, B Riegl, M. Saburova, K.S. Namin,\r\nO. Taylor, S. Wilson, and K. Zainal, \"The Gulf: A young sea in decline,\r\n\" Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol. 60, pp. 13-34, 2010.\r\n[3] D.A. Roberts, E.L. Johnston, and N.A. Knott, \"Impacts of desalination\r\nplant discharges on the marine environment: A critical review of\r\npublished studies,\" Water Research, vol. 44, pp. 5117-5128, 2010.\r\n[4] A. Purnama, H.H. Al-Barwani, T. Bleninger, and R.L. Doneker, \"CORMIX\r\nsimulations of brine discharges from Barka plants, Oman,\" Desalination and\r\nWater Treatment, vol. 31, pp. 1-10, 2011.\r\n[5] T. Bleninger, and G.H. Jirka, \"Modelling and environmentally sound\r\nmanagement of brine discharges from desalination plants,\" Desalination,\r\nvol. 221, pp. 585-597, 2008.\r\n[6] M. Barry and T. McAlister, \"A comment on the application of numerical\r\nhydrodynamic models to simulate brine discharges,\" Desalination and Water\r\nTreatment, (to be published) 2010.\r\n[7] G.H. Jirka, \"Integral model for turbulent buoyant jets in unbounded stratified\r\nflows. Part 2: Plane jet dynamics resulting from multiport diffuser jets,\"\r\nEnvironmental Fluid Dynamics, vol. 6, pp. 43-100, 2006.\r\n[8] P.J.W. Roberts, and X. Tian, \"New experimental techniques for\r\nvalidation of marine discharge models,\" Environmental Modelling &\r\nSoftware, vol. 19, pp. 691-699, 2004.\r\n[9] H.H. Al-Barwani, and A. Purnama, \"Analytical solutions for brine\r\ndischarge plumes on a sloping beach,\" Desalination and Water\r\nTreatment, vol. 11, pp. 2-6, 2009.\r\n[10] H.H. Al-Barwani, and A. Purnama, \"Simulating brine plumes discharged\r\ninto the seawaters,\" Desalination, vol. 221, pp. 608-613, 2008.\r\n[11] A. Kay, \"Advection-diffusion in reversing and oscillating flows: 1. The\r\neffect of a single reversal,\" IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics, vol.\r\n45, pp. 115-137, 1990.\r\n[12] A. Purnama, and A. Kay, \"Effluent discharges into tidal waters: optimal\r\nor economic strategy?,\" Environmetrics, vol. 10, pp. 601-624, 1999.\r\n[13] W.E. Johns, G.A. Jacobs, J.C. Kindle, S.P. Murray, and M. Carron,\r\nArabian Marginal Seas and Gulfs, Technical Report 2000-01, RSMAS,\r\nUniversity of Miami, 2000,\r\n(http:\/\/www.rsmas.miami.edu\/personal\/zantopp\/AMSG-report.html).\r\n[14] R. Smith, and C.F. Scott, \"Mixing in the tidal environment,\" Journal of\r\nHydraulic Engineering, ASCE, vol. 123, pp. 332-340, 1997.\r\n[15] I.S. Gradshteyn, and I. Ryzhik, \"Tables of Integrals, Series and\r\nProducts,\" Academic Press, London, UK, 1980.","publisher":"World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology","index":"Open Science Index 56, 2011"}