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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Life and reign</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Life_and_reign-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Life and reign subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Life_and_reign-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Court_of_Amenhotep_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Court_of_Amenhotep_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Court of Amenhotep III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Court_of_Amenhotep_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Malkata_Palace" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Malkata_Palace"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Malkata Palace</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Malkata_Palace-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sed_festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sed_festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Sed festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sed_festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-International_relations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#International_relations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>International relations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-International_relations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Succession" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Succession"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Succession</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Succession-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Succession subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Succession-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Proposed_coregency_with_Amenhotep_IV_/_Akhenaten" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Proposed_coregency_with_Amenhotep_IV_/_Akhenaten"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Proposed coregency with Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Proposed_coregency_with_Amenhotep_IV_/_Akhenaten-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Later life subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Health_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Health_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Health and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Health_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Burial_and_mummy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Burial_and_mummy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.2</span> <span>Burial and mummy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Burial_and_mummy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments_and_legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments_and_legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Monuments and legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments_and_legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ancestry_and_genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ancestry_and_genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Ancestry and genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ancestry_and_genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Footnotes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Footnotes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Footnotes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Footnotes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Amenhotep III</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 62 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-62" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">62 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%85%D9%86%D8%AD%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB" title="أمنحتب الثالث – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أمنحتب الثالث" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/III_Amenhotep" title="III Amenhotep – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="III Amenhotep" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхатэп III – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Аменхатэп III" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхотеп III – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Аменхотеп III" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofis_III" title="Amenofis III – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Amenofis III" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхотеп III – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Аменхотеп III" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III." title="Amenhotep III. – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Amenhotep III." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_3." title="Amenhotep 3. – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Amenhotep 3." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenophis_III." title="Amenophis III. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Amenophis III." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CE%BC%CE%AD%CE%BD%CE%BF%CF%86%CE%B9%CF%82_%CE%93%27" title="Αμένοφις Γ' – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Αμένοφις Γ'" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofis_III" title="Amenofis III – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Amenofis III" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofis_III.a" title="Amenofis III.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Amenofis III.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%87%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%BE_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="آمنهوتپ سوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="آمنهوتپ سوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81man%C3%B3tap_III" title="Ámanótap III – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Ámanótap III" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofis_III" title="Amenofis III – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Amenofis III" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%95%84%EB%A9%98%ED%98%B8%ED%85%8C%ED%94%84_3%EC%84%B8" title="아멘호테프 3세 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="아멘호테프 3세" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B1%D5%B4%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%B0%D5%B8%D5%BF%D5%A5%D5%BA_III" title="Ամենհոտեպ III – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ամենհոտեպ III" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofis_III." title="Amenofis III. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Amenofis III." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenofi_III" title="Amenofi III – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Amenofi III" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A0%D7%97%D7%95%D7%AA%D7%A4_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%A9%D7%99" title="אמנחותפ השלישי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אמנחותפ השלישי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%9B%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%B0%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%94%E1%83%9E_III" title="ამენჰოტეპ III – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ამენჰოტეპ III" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amana_Hatpa_III" title="Amana Hatpa III – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Amana Hatpa III" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenchotepas_III" title="Amenchotepas III – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Amenchotepas III" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Amenhotep" title="III. Amenhotep – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="III. Amenhotep" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenh%C3%B4tepa_III" title="Amenhôtepa III – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Amenhôtepa III" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%93%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB%E0%B4%B9%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9F%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AE%E0%B5%BB" title="ഓമൻഹോട്ടപ്പ് മൂന്നാമൻ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഓമൻഹോട്ടപ്പ് മൂന്നാമൻ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A8_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA" title="امينوحوتب التالت – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="امينوحوتب التالت" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%83%A1%E3%83%B3%E3%83%9B%E3%83%86%E3%83%973%E4%B8%96" title="アメンホテプ3世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アメンホテプ3世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenxotep_III" title="Amenxotep III – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Amenxotep III" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amen%C3%B3fis_III" title="Amenófis III – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Amenófis III" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_al_III-lea" title="Amenhotep al III-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Amenhotep al III-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхотеп III – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Аменхотеп III" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%85%E0%B6%B8%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%84%E0%B7%9C%E0%B6%A7%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%8A_III" title="අමෙන්හොටෙප් III – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="අමෙන්හොටෙප් III" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III." title="Amenhotep III. – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Amenhotep III." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III." title="Amenhotep III. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Amenhotep III." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхотеп III – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Аменхотеп III" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D" title="மூன்றாம் அமென்கோதேப் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="மூன்றாம் அமென்கோதேப்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AD%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%AE%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_3" title="ฟาโรห์แอเมนโฮเทปที่ 3 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์แอเมนโฮเทปที่ 3" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF%D0%B8_III" title="Аменхотепи III – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Аменхотепи III" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/III._Amenhotep" title="III. Amenhotep – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="III. Amenhotep" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%85%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BF_III" title="Аменхотеп III – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Аменхотеп III" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A2%D9%85%D9%88%D9%86_%D8%AD%D9%88%D8%AA%D9%BE_%D8%B3%D9%88%D9%85" title="آمون حوتپ سوم – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="آمون حوتپ سوم" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Amenhotep III" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="阿蒙霍特普三世 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="阿蒙霍特普三世" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amenhotep_3k" title="Amenhotep 3k – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Amenhotep 3k" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E6%96%87%E8%8D%B7%E5%A1%94%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="阿文荷塔三世 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="阿文荷塔三世" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%98%BF%E8%92%99%E9%9C%8D%E7%89%B9%E6%99%AE%E4%B8%89%E4%B8%96" title="阿蒙霍特普三世 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="阿蒙霍特普三世" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Ninth Pharaoh of the Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Amenhotep III</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Nibmu(`w)areya,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran19927_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran19927-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mimureya, Amenophis III</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Statue of Amenhotep III, British Museum"><img alt="Statue of Amenhotep III, British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="309" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1119" data-file-height="1572" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Statue of Amenhotep III, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1391–1353 or <br />1388–1351 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Horus name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Ka nakht kha em maat<br /><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">Kꜣ nḫt ḫˁ m mꜣˁt</i></span><br />"The strong bull who has appeared in truth"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="48px" width="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="46" style="padding:0 5px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_E1.png?4dcff" height="28" title="E1" alt="E1" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D40.png?462ae" height="11" title="D40" alt="D40" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G17.png?3741e" height="38" title="G17 [m]" alt="m" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N28.png?3f65d" height="15" title="N28" alt="N28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_H6.png?2f03d" height="38" title="H6" alt="H6" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/50px-Srxtail2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/75px-Srxtail2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/100px-Srxtail2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Nebty_("two_ladies")_name" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nebty name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Semen hepu segereh tawy<br /><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">smn hpw sgrḥ tꜣwy</i></span><br />"Who has established laws and pacified the Two Lands"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:4px 10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G16.png?dbf15" height="38" title="G16" alt="G16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y1.png?22c01" height="10" title="Y1" alt="Y1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O4.png?2d920" height="18" title="O4" alt="O4" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z2.png?805ea" height="8" title="Z2" alt="Z2" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="31" title="G43 [w]" alt="w" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W11.png?e5e65" height="18" title="W11" alt="W11" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28" alt="V28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D36.png?9d512" height="12" title="D36 [a]" alt="a" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N17.png?35167" height="6" title="N17" alt="N17" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N17.png?35167" height="6" title="N17" alt="N17" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_of_Gold" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Golden Horus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Aa khepesh hui setjetiu<br /><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">ˁꜣ-ḫpš ḥwi sṯtyw</i></span><br />"The great-of-strength one who has struck down the Asiatics"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:4px 10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G8.png?a8843" height="38" title="G8" alt="G8" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O29.png?3e0b0" height="7" title="O29" alt="O29" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D36.png?9d512" height="12" title="D36 [a]" alt="a" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F23.png?17eaa" height="14" title="F23" alt="F23" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V28.png?f1179" height="38" title="V28" alt="V28" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_A24.png?ecb44" height="38" title="A24" alt="A24" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S22.png?0bd4f" height="15" title="S22" alt="S22" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="6" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G4.png?8f503" height="24" title="G4" alt="G4" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_T14.png?183d0" height="38" title="T14" alt="T14" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z3.png?25d86" height="38" title="Z3" alt="Z3" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Throne_name_(praenomen)" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Prenomen  (Praenomen)</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Neb maat re<br /><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">Nb mꜣˁt rˁ</i></span><br />"The possessor of the Maat of Re"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br />The Lord of Truth is Re<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994112_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994112-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23" alt="M23" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L2.png?ff0ae" height="38" title="L2" alt="L2" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5 [ra]" alt="ra" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C10.png?7f60a" height="38" title="C10 [mAat]" alt="mAat" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_V30.png?e0ed0" height="12" title="V30 [nb]" alt="nb" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Imen hetepu heka waset<br /><span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">Imn ḥtp(.w) ḥḳꜣ wꜣst</i></span><br />"Amun is satisfied, ruler of Thebes"<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /><br /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M17.png?2e70b" height="38" title="M17 [i]" alt="i" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R4.png?60956" height="15" title="R4" alt="R4" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S38.png?35ff7" height="38" title="S38 [HqA]" alt="HqA" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R19.png?d3487" height="38" title="R19" alt="R19" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Consort</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Gilukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilukhepa">Gilukhepa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Tadukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadukhepa">Tadukhepa</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sitamun" title="Sitamun">Sitamun</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iset_(daughter_of_Amenhotep_III)" title="Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)">Iset</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_(prince)" title="Thutmose (prince)">Thutmose</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Amenhotep IV/Akhenaten</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Sitamun" title="Sitamun">Sitamun</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Iset_(daughter_of_Amenhotep_III)" title="Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)">Iset</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Henuttaneb" title="Henuttaneb">Henuttaneb</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Nebetah" title="Nebetah">Nebetah</a><br />"<a href="/wiki/The_Younger_Lady" title="The Younger Lady">The Younger Lady</a>"<br /><a href="/wiki/Beketaten" title="Beketaten">Beketaten</a> (theorized)<br /><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a> (theorized)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Mother</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1353 BC or 1351 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Burial</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/WV22" title="WV22">WV22</a>; Mummy found in the <a href="/wiki/KV35" title="KV35">KV35 royal cache</a> (Theban Necropolis)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Monuments</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malkata" title="Malkata">Malkata</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Temple_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III">Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III</a>, <a href="/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon" title="Colossi of Memnon">Colossi of Memnon</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">18th Dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Amenhotep III</b> (<a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Egyptian language">Ancient Egyptian</a>: <i lang="egy">jmn-ḥtp(.w)</i> <span title="Ancient Egyptian-language romanization"><i lang="egy-Latn">Amānəḥūtpū</i></span>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">IPA:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="sem-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ʔaˌmaːnəʔˈħutpu]</a></span>;<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> "<a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> is satisfied"<sup id="cite_ref-Ranke_1935_30_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Ranke_1935_30-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), also known as <b>Amenhotep the Magnificent</b> or <b>Amenhotep the Great</b> and <a href="/wiki/Hellenization" title="Hellenization">Hellenized</a> as <b>Amenophis III</b>, was the ninth <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth Dynasty</a>. According to different authors following the "Low Chronology", he ruled <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> from June 1386 to 1349 BC, or from June 1388 BC to December 1351 BC/1350 BC,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckerath1997190_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckerath1997190-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> after his father <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a> died. Amenhotep was Thutmose's son by a minor wife, <a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19983_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19983-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of its artistic and international power, and as such he is considered one of ancient Egypt's greatest pharaohs.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When he died in the 38th or 39th year of his reign he was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, who later changed his name to <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Family_and_early_life">Family and early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Family and early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg/220px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg/330px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg/440px-Colossal_Amenhotep_III_statue.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1446" data-file-height="1958" /></a><figcaption>Amenhotep and Tiye with one of their daughters</figcaption></figure> <p>Amenhotep was the son of Thutmose IV and his minor wife <a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a>. He was born probably around 1401 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher200010_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher200010-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later in his life, Amenhotep commissioned the depiction of his divine birth to be displayed at <a href="/wiki/Luxor" title="Luxor">Luxor</a> Temple. Amenhotep claimed that his true father was the god <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>, who had taken the form of Thutmose IV to father a child with Mutemwiya.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19984_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19984-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyldesley2006_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETyldesley2006-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> In Regnal Year 2, Amenhotep married <a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Yuya" title="Yuya">Yuya</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thuya" title="Thuya">Thuya</a>. Tiye was the <a href="/wiki/Great_Royal_Wife" title="Great Royal Wife">Great Royal Wife</a> throughout Amenhotep's reign. Many <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_scarabs_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Commemorative scarabs of Amenhotep III">commemorative scarabs</a> were commissioned and distributed during Amenhotep's reign. On the "marriage scarabs," Amenhotep affirmed his divine power and the legitimacy of his wife. With Tiye, Amenhotep fathered at least two sons, <a href="/wiki/Crown_Prince_Thutmose" class="mw-redirect" title="Crown Prince Thutmose">Crown Prince Thutmose</a> and <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Amenhotep IV (later called Akhenaten)</a>. In addition, several daughters are frequently credited to the couple: <a href="/wiki/Sitamun" title="Sitamun">Sitamun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Henuttaneb" title="Henuttaneb">Henuttaneb</a>, <a href="/wiki/Iset_(daughter_of_Amenhotep_III)" title="Iset (daughter of Amenhotep III)">Iset</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nebetah" title="Nebetah">Nebetah</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Beketaten" title="Beketaten">Beketaten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19987-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Most of the daughters appear frequently on statues and reliefs from Amenhotep's reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992nos._24,_57,_103_&_104_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992nos._24,_57,_103_&_104-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Nebetah is attested only once, on a <a href="/wiki/Colossal_statue_of_Amenhotep_III_and_Tiye" title="Colossal statue of Amenhotep III and Tiye">colossal limestone group of statues</a> from Medinet Habu,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19987-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992fig._II,_5_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992fig._II,_5-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and Beketaten only appears in <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Davies_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Davies-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg/220px-Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg/330px-Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg/440px-Egyptian_-_Commemorative_Scarab_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Walters_42206_-_Bottom.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="1645" /></a><figcaption>One of the many commemorative "<a href="/wiki/Commemorative_scarabs_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Commemorative scarabs of Amenhotep III">marriage scarabs</a>" of Amenhotep, which affirm the divine power of the king and the legitimacy of his wife, Tiye. <a href="/wiki/Walters_Art_Museum" title="Walters Art Museum">Walters Art Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltimore" title="Baltimore">Baltimore</a>.</figcaption></figure><p>Amenhotep is also sometimes credited as the father of <a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a> or <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>, with varying proposals for their mothers, but these theories are not as accepted as his other, known children. </p><p>In addition to Tiye, Amenhotep <a href="/wiki/Harem" title="Harem">had several other wives</a>. In Regnal Year 10, Amenhotep married <a href="/wiki/Gilukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilukhepa">Gilukhepa</a>, the daughter of <a href="/wiki/Shuttarna_II" title="Shuttarna II">Shuttarna II</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton2004154_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton2004154-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He later married <a href="/wiki/Tadukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadukhepa">Tadukhepa</a>, daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tushratta" title="Tushratta">Tushratta</a> of Mitanni, in or around Regnal Year 36 of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000156_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000156-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other wives, whose names are unknown, included: a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Kurigalzu_I" title="Kurigalzu I">Kurigalzu</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>; a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil</a>, king of <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>; a daughter of <a href="/wiki/Tarhundaradu" class="mw-redirect" title="Tarhundaradu">Tarhundaradu</a>, ruler of <a href="/wiki/Arzawa" title="Arzawa">Arzawa</a>; and a daughter of the ruler of Ammia (modern-day Syria).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Finally, he married at least two of his daughters, Sitamun and Iset, in the last decade of his reign. Jar-label inscriptions from Regnal Year 30 indicate that Sitamun was elevated to the status of Great Royal Wife by that time.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19987-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although shunned by common Egyptians, incest was not uncommon among royalty.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A sculpture restored by Amenhotep for his grandfather, Amenhotep II, shows Sitamun with a young prince beside her.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This has led to theories that Sitamun was the mother of Smekhkare and/or Tutankhamun. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life_and_reign">Life and reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Life and reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_(45475847564).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg/219px-EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="219" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg/329px-EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg/438px-EstelaAmenhotepIIIYTiye_%2845475847564%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2564" data-file-height="2914" /></a><figcaption>Amenhotep III and <a href="/wiki/Queen_Tiye" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Tiye">Queen Tiye</a>, Great Royal Wife of Amenhotep</figcaption></figure> <p>Amenhotep probably became pharaoh when he was between the ages of 6 and 12. While it is likely that a <a href="/wiki/Regent" title="Regent">regent</a> would have ruled until he came of age, none is attested in the surviving records. In Regnal Year 11, Amenhotep commanded the construction of an artificial lake at Tiye's hometown of Djakaru. He then celebrated a Festival of Opening the Lake in the third month of Inundation, day sixteen, and rowed the royal barge <i>Aten-tjehen</i> on the lake. This event was commemorated on at least eleven commemorative scarabs.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992no._2_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992no._2-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>From other scarabs, Amenhotep is known to have killed either 102 or 110 lions in the first ten years of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199813_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199813-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Despite the martial prowess Amenhotep displayed during the hunt, he is known to have participated in only one military incident. In Regnal Year Five, he led a victorious campaign against a rebellion in Kush. This victory was commemorated by three rock-carved stelae found near <a href="/wiki/Aswan" title="Aswan">Aswan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sa%C3%AF_(island)" title="Saï (island)">Saï</a> in Nubia. The official account of Amenhotep's military victory emphasizes his martial prowess with the <a href="/wiki/Hyperbole" title="Hyperbole">hyperbole</a> typical of the period.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Court_of_Amenhotep_III">Court of Amenhotep III</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Court of Amenhotep III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is a significant attestation for the court officials who served during Amenhotep's reign, primarily through the discovery of their tombs in the <a href="/wiki/Theban_Necropolis" title="Theban Necropolis">Theban Necropolis</a>. Among these court officials were the <a href="/wiki/Vizier_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Vizier (Ancient Egypt)">viziers</a> <a href="/wiki/Ramose_(TT55)" title="Ramose (TT55)">Ramose</a>, <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep" title="Amenhotep">Amenhotep</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aperel" title="Aperel">Aperel</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ptahmose_(vizier)" title="Ptahmose (vizier)">Ptahmose</a>. Other officials included the treasurers Ptahmose and Merire; the high stewards, Amenemhat Surer and <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_(Huy)" title="Amenhotep (Huy)">Amenhotep (Huy)</a>; and the Viceroy of Kush, Merimose. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a> held many offices during the reign of Amenhotep the pharaoh, but is best known for receiving the right to build his mortuary temple behind that of the king.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012197_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012197-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was deified after his death and was one of the few non-royals to be worshiped in such a manner.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim1980104_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELichtheim1980104-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Malkata_Palace">Malkata Palace</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Malkata Palace"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The palace of <a href="/wiki/Malkata" title="Malkata">Malkata</a> was built in the 14th century BC and its ancient name was <i><a href="/wiki/Per_(hieroglyph)" class="mw-redirect" title="Per (hieroglyph)">Per</a>-Hay</i>, "House of Rejoicing". Originally, the palace was known as <i>the Palace of the Dazzling <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a></i>. Built mostly out of mud-brick, it was Amenhotep's residence throughout most of the later part of his reign. Construction began around Regnal Year 11 and continued until the king moved to the palace permanently around Regnal Year 29. Once completed, it was the largest royal residence in Egypt. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sed_festivals">Sed festivals</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Sed festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amenhotep celebrated three <a href="/wiki/Sed_festival" title="Sed festival">Sed festivals</a> in Regnal Years 30, 34, and 37, each at Malkata palace in Western Thebes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199816–17_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199816–17-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A temple of Amun and festival hall were built especially for the celebrations.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199816_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199816-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Sed festival was a tradition that dated to the <a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199815_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199815-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> consisting of a series of tests that demonstrated the pharaoh's fitness for continuing as ruler of Egypt. Based on indications left by Queen Tiye's steward Khenruef, the festival may have lasted two to eight months.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012192_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012192-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amenhotep wanted his Sed Festivals to be far more spectacular than those of the past.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He appointed <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep,_son_of_Hapu" title="Amenhotep, son of Hapu">Amenhotep, son of Hapu</a> to plan the ceremony, potentially because he was one of the few courtiers still alive to have served at the last Sed Festival, held for Amenhotep II.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In preparation for the first Sed Festival, Amenhotep, son of Hapu enlisted scribes to gather information from records and inscriptions, most found in ancient funerary temples,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182_33-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> describing the appropriate rituals and costumes. </p><p>Temples were built and statues erected up and down the Nile. Craftsmen and jewelers created ornaments commentating the event including jewelry, ornaments, and stelae.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182_33-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012182-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scribe Nebmerutef coordinated every step of the event.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He directed Amenhotep to use his mace to knock on the temple doors. Beside him, Amenhotep-Hapu mirrored his effort like a royal shadow.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king was followed by Queen Tiye and the royal daughters. When moving to another venue, the banner of the jackal god Wepwawet, "Opener of Ways" preceded the King. The king changed his costume at each major activity of the celebration.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189_34-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012189-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the major highlights of the festival was the king's dual coronation. He was enthroned separately for Upper and Lower Egypt. For Upper Egypt, Amenhotep wore the white crown but changed to the red crown for the Lower Egypt coronation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012190_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012190-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After the Sed festival, Amenhotep transcended from being a near-god to one divine.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012195_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012195-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king may have later traveled across Egypt following the festival, potentially reenacting the ceremony for different audiences.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012192_32-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012192-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Few Egyptian kings lived long enough for their own celebration. Those who survived used the celebration as the affirmation of transition to divinity. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="International_relations">International relations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: International relations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amarna_letter._Letter_from_Labayu_(ruler_of_Shechem)_to_the_Egyptian_Pharaoh_Amenhotep_III_or_his_son_Akhenaten._14th_century_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amarna_letter._Letter_from_Labayu_%28ruler_of_Shechem%29_to_the_Egyptian_Pharaoh_Amenhotep_III_or_his_son_Akhenaten._14th_century_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/220px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amarna_letter._Letter_from_Labayu_%28ruler_of_Shechem%29_to_the_Egyptian_Pharaoh_Amenhotep_III_or_his_son_Akhenaten._14th_century_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/330px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Amarna_letter._Letter_from_Labayu_%28ruler_of_Shechem%29_to_the_Egyptian_Pharaoh_Amenhotep_III_or_his_son_Akhenaten._14th_century_BCE._From_Tell_el-Amarna%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/440px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2792" data-file-height="2649" /></a><figcaption>Amarna letter. Letter from Labayu (ruler of Shechem) to the Egyptian Pharaoh Amenhotep III or his son Akhenaten. 14th century BCE. From Tell el-Amarna, Egypt.</figcaption></figure> <p>Diplomatic correspondence from Amenhotep's reign are partially preserved in the <a href="/wiki/Amarna_Letters" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarna Letters">Amarna Letters</a>, a collection of documents found near the city of <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a>. The letters come from the rulers of <a href="/wiki/Assyria" title="Assyria">Assyria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitanni</a>, <a href="/wiki/Babylon" title="Babylon">Babylon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hittite_Empire" class="mw-redirect" title="Hittite Empire">Hatti</a>, and other states, typically including requests by those rulers for gold and other gifts from Amenhotep. The letters cover the period from Year 30 of Amenhotep until at least the end of <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>'s reign. In <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_4" title="Amarna letter EA 4">Amarna Letter EA 4</a>, Amenhotep is quoted by the Babylonian king <a href="/wiki/Kadashman-Enlil_I" title="Kadashman-Enlil I">Kadashman-Enlil I</a> in firmly rejecting the latter's entreaty to marry one of this pharaoh's daughters: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>From time immemorial, no daughter of the king of Egy[pt] is given to anyone.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran19928_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran19928-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Amenhotep's refusal to allow one of his daughters to be married to the Babylonian monarch may indeed have followed from Egyptian royal custom, which allowed a claim upon the throne through descent from a royal princess. It could also be viewed as a diplomatic stratagem to enhance Egypt's prestige, as Amenhotep himself married the daughters of several foreign rulers while refusing them his own daughters. </p><p>The Amarna Letters also reference the exchange between Amenhotep and the Mitanni King Tushratta of the statue of a healing goddess, <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a> of <a href="/wiki/Nineveh" title="Nineveh">Nineveh</a>, late in Amenhotep's reign. Scholars have generally assumed that the statue's sojourn to Egypt was requested by Amenhotep in order to cure him of his various ailments, which included painful abscesses in his teeth.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHayes1973346_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHayes1973346-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, <a href="/wiki/William_L._Moran" title="William L. Moran">William L. Moran</a>'s analysis of <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_23" title="Amarna letter EA 23">Amarna Letter EA 23</a>, relating to the dispatch of the statue to Thebes, discounts this theory. </p><p>The arrival of the statue is known to have coincided with Amenhotep's marriage with <a href="/wiki/Tadukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadukhepa">Tadukhepa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tushratta" title="Tushratta">Tushratta</a>'s daughter, in the pharaoh's 36th year; letter EA 23's arrival in Egypt is dated to "regnal year 36, the fourth month of winter, day 1" of his reign.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEAldred199113_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEAldred199113-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Furthermore, Tushratta never mentions in EA 23 that the statue's dispatch was meant to heal Amenhotep of his maladies. Instead, Tushratta writes in part: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>... Thus <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Šauška</a> of Nineveh, mistress of all lands: "I wish to go to Egypt, a country that I love, and then return." Now I herewith send her, and she is on her way. Now, in the time, too, of my father,...[she] went to this country, and just as earlier she dwelt there and they honored her, may my brother now honor her 10 times more than before. May my brother honor her, [then] at [his] pleasure let her go so that she may come back. May Šauška (i.e., <a href="/wiki/Ishtar" class="mw-redirect" title="Ishtar">Ishtar</a>), the mistress of heaven, protect us, my brother and me, a 100,000 years, and may our mistress grant both of us great joy. And let us act as friends. Is Šauška for me alone my god[dess], and for my brother not his god[dess]?<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran199261–62_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran199261–62-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>The likeliest explanation is that the statue was sent to Egypt "to shed her blessings on the wedding of Amenhotep and Tadukhepa, as she had been sent previously for Amenhotep and <a href="/wiki/Gilukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Gilukhepa">Gilukhepa</a>."<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199822_41-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199822-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Moran agrees that this explanation was more likely.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran1992p._62_n._2_42-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran1992p._62_n._2-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further, Moran argues that the contents of Amarna Letter EA 21 support this claim, wherein Tushratta asks the gods, including Ishtar, for their blessing of the marriage. <sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran199250_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran199250-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 14th century BCE, the pharaoh sent an expedition to Cyprus to establish Egyptian control over the island, which was subsequently maintained for several centuries. During this time, the Egyptians established a number of settlements on the island, and they exported copper and other raw materials from Cyprus to Egypt in exchange for luxury goods and other commodities.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> <sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability"><span title="The material near this tag needs to be fact-checked with the cited source(s). (July 2023)">verification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> However, the Egyptian presence on Cyprus was at times interrupted by incursions of other powers, including the Hittites and the Mycenaeans. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Succession">Succession</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Succession"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Thutmose, the eldest son of Amenhotep III with his wife Tiye, became Crown Prince,<sup id="cite_ref-Dodson_JEA_46-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dodson_JEA-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but died before his father. Amenhotep was ultimately succeeded by his second son, who ascended the throne as Amenhotep IV and later took the name Akhenaten. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Proposed_coregency_with_Amenhotep_IV_/_Akhenaten"><span id="Proposed_coregency_with_Amenhotep_IV_.2F_Akhenaten"></span>Proposed coregency with Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Proposed coregency with Amenhotep IV / Akhenaten"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>It has long been theorized that Amenhotep III shared a <a href="/wiki/Co-regency" class="mw-redirect" title="Co-regency">coregency</a> with his son Amenhotep IV. Lawrence Berman has claimed that proponents of the coregency theory tended to be art historians, while historians remained unconvinced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199823_47-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199823-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Eric_H._Cline" title="Eric H. Cline">Eric Cline</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nicholas_Reeves" title="Nicholas Reeves">Nicholas Reeves</a>, <a href="/wiki/Peter_Dorman" title="Peter Dorman">Peter Dorman</a>, and other scholars argue strongly against the establishment of a long coregency between the two rulers and in favor of either no coregency or one of at most two years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDorman2009_48-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDorman2009-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Donald_B._Redford" title="Donald B. Redford">Donald B. Redford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Murnane" title="William J. Murnane">William J. Murnane</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alan_Gardiner" title="Alan Gardiner">Alan Gardiner</a>, and Lawrence Berman contest the view of any coregency whatsoever between Akhenaten and his father. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt,_New_Kingdom,_Dynasty_18,_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="249" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-330px-Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5e/Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif/lossy-page1-440px-Egypt%2C_New_Kingdom%2C_Dynasty_18%2C_reign_of_Amenhotep_III_-_Head_of_Amenhotep_III_Wearing_the_Blue_Crown_-_1952.513_-_Cleveland_Museum_of_Art.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3509" data-file-height="3966" /></a><figcaption>A statue head of Amenhotep III collected by the <a href="/wiki/Cleveland_Museum_of_Art" title="Cleveland Museum of Art">Cleveland Museum of Art</a>. The image was created during his reign.</figcaption></figure> <p>Evidence against a coregency includes <a href="/wiki/Amarna_letter_EA_27" title="Amarna letter EA 27">Amarna Letter EA 27</a>, which is dated to Regnal Year 2 of Amenhotep IV. The subject of the letter involves a complaint from the <a href="/wiki/Mitanni" title="Mitanni">Mitannian</a> king Tushratta, claiming that Amenhotep IV did not honor his father's promise to send Tushratta gold statues as part of the marriage arrangement between <a href="/wiki/Tadukhepa" class="mw-redirect" title="Tadukhepa">Tadukhepa</a>, and Amenhotep III.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran199287–89_49-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran199287–89-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This correspondence implies that if any coregency occurred between Amenhotep and Akhenaten, it lasted no more than a year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReeves200075–78_50-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReeves200075–78-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>However in February 2014, <a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Tourism_and_Antiquities_(Egypt)" title="Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities (Egypt)">Egyptian Ministry of Antiquities</a> announced that findings from the tomb of Vizier <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep-Huy" title="Amenhotep-Huy">Amenhotep-Huy</a> gave "conclusive evidence" of a coregency that lasted at least eight years.<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the tomb, the cartouches of the two pharaohs were carved side by side. However, this conclusion has since been called into question by other egyptologists, according to whom the inscription means only that construction on Amenhotep-Huy's tomb started during Amenhotep III's reign and ended under Akhenaten's, and Amenhotep-Huy thus simply wanted to pay his respects to both rulers, carving their names separately rather than simultaneously. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Later life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg/220px-Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg/330px-Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg/440px-Luxor_Museum_Statuen_Sobek_Amenophis_III._02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2994" data-file-height="3994" /></a><figcaption>Amenhotep and <a href="/wiki/Sobek" title="Sobek">Sobek</a>, from Dahamsha, now in the <a href="/wiki/Luxor_Museum" title="Luxor Museum">Luxor Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Health_and_death">Health and death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Health and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Amenhotep's greatest attested regnal date is Year 38, which appears on wine jar-label dockets from <a href="/wiki/Malkata" title="Malkata">Malkata</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992p._39,_fig._II.4_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992p._39,_fig._II.4-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He may have lived briefly into an unrecorded Year 39 and died before the wine harvest of that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994119_54-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994119-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Reliefs from the wall of the temple of Soleb in Nubia and scenes from the <a href="/wiki/TT192" title="TT192">Theban tomb</a> of <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kheruef&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kheruef (page does not exist)">Kheruef</a>, Steward of the King's Great Wife, Tiye, depict Amenhotep as a visibly weak and sick figure.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992225_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992225-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>55<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Scientists believe that in his final years he suffered from <a href="/wiki/Arthritis" title="Arthritis">arthritis</a> and obesity. Further, a forensic examination of his mummy revealed worn and cavity-pitted teeth which must have inflicted constant pain. An examination of the mummy by the Australian anatomist <a href="/wiki/Grafton_Elliot_Smith" title="Grafton Elliot Smith">Grafton Elliot Smith</a> concluded that the pharaoh had died at between the age of 40 and 50.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESmith191250_56-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESmith191250-56"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>56<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He was survived by at least one child, his successor Amenhotep IV. His wife Tiye is known to have outlived him by at least twelve years, as she is mentioned in several Amarna letters dated from her son's reign, as well as depicted at the royal dinner table in Akhenaten's years 9 and 12, in scenes from the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Huya_(Noble)" class="mw-redirect" title="Huya (Noble)">Huya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-57" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-57"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>57<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199823_47-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199823-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Foreign leaders communicated their grief at the pharaoh's death, with Tushratta saying: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>When I heard that my brother Nimmureya had gone to his fate, on that day I sat down and wept. On that day I took no food, I took no water.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000161_58-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000161-58"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>58<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Burial_and_mummy">Burial and mummy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Burial and mummy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png/220px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="89" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png/330px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/90/Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png/440px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_profile.png 2x" data-file-width="3063" data-file-height="1238" /></a><figcaption>The mummy of Amenhotep III during unwrapping</figcaption></figure> <p>Amenhotep was buried in tomb <a href="/wiki/WV22" title="WV22">WV22</a> in the Western Valley of the <a href="/wiki/Valley_of_the_Kings" title="Valley of the Kings">Valley of the Kings</a> outside of Thebes. The tomb is the largest in the West Valley of the Kings and includes two side chambers for his Great Royal Wives, Tiye and Sitamun. However, it does not seem that either woman was buried there. During the reign of Smendes in the <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Intermediate Period">Third Intermediate Period</a>, Amenhotep's mummy was later moved to the mummy cache in <a href="/wiki/KV35" title="KV35">KV35</a> along with several other pharaohs of the <a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Eighteenth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">Nineteenth Dynasties</a>, where it lay until discovered by <a href="/wiki/Victor_Loret" title="Victor Loret">Victor Loret</a> in 1898.<sup id="cite_ref-59" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-59"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>59<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReevesWilkinson1996198_60-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReevesWilkinson1996198-60"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>60<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For the 18th dynasty, the mummy shows an unusually heavy use of subcutaneous stuffing to make the mummy look more lifelike.<sup id="cite_ref-Habicht_61-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habicht-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The mummy has museum inventory number CG 61074.<sup id="cite_ref-Habicht_61-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Habicht-61"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>61<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png/220px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png/330px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png/440px-Amenhotep_III_mummy_head.png 2x" data-file-width="1560" data-file-height="2200" /></a><figcaption>Mummified head of Amenhotep III following unwrapping</figcaption></figure> <p>In April 2021, his mummy was moved from the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Egyptian_Antiquities" class="mw-redirect" title="Museum of Egyptian Antiquities">Museum of Egyptian Antiquities</a> to the <a href="/wiki/National_Museum_of_Egyptian_Civilization" title="National Museum of Egyptian Civilization">National Museum of Egyptian Civilization</a>, along with those of 17 other kings and 4 queens in an event termed the <a href="/wiki/Pharaohs%27_Golden_Parade" title="Pharaohs' Golden Parade">Pharaohs' Golden Parade</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Parisse_62-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Parisse-62"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>62<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monuments_and_legacy">Monuments and legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Monuments and legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egypt.ColossiMemnon.01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Egypt.ColossiMemnon.01.jpg/200px-Egypt.ColossiMemnon.01.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="288" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a0/Egypt.ColossiMemnon.01.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="275" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption>The northern <a href="/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon" title="Colossi of Memnon">Colossus of Memnon</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG/220px-GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="293" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG/330px-GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG/440px-GD-EG-Louxor-114-2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="921" data-file-height="1228" /></a><figcaption>Amenhotep, Luxor Museum</figcaption></figure><p>Amenhotep has the distinction of having the most surviving statues of any Egyptian pharaoh, with over 250 identified. These statues provide a series of portraits covering the entire length of his reign. </p><p>When Amenhotep died, he left behind a country at the very height of its power and influence, commanding immense respect in the international world. However, it was a country wedded to age-old political and religious certainties under the Amun priesthood.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992223,_225_63-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992223,_225-63"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>63<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The resulting upheavals from his son <a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a>'s reforming zeal shook these old certainties to their foundations, and forced the momentous question whether a pharaoh was more powerful than his society as represented in the worship of Amun. Akhenaten even moved the capital away from Thebes, the center of Amun's worship, and built <a href="/wiki/Amarna" title="Amarna">Amarna</a>, a city dedicated to his new deity, the <a href="/wiki/Aten" title="Aten">Aten</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000162_64-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000162-64"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>64<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Amenhotep built extensively at the temple of <a href="/wiki/Karnak" title="Karnak">Karnak</a>, including the <a href="/wiki/Luxor_temple" class="mw-redirect" title="Luxor temple">Luxor temple</a> with two <a href="/wiki/Pylon_(architecture)" title="Pylon (architecture)">pylons</a>, a colonnade behind the new temple entrance, and a new temple to the goddess <a href="/wiki/Ma%27at" class="mw-redirect" title="Ma'at">Ma'at</a>. Amenhotep dismantled the Fourth Pylon of the Temple of Amun at Karnak to construct a new Third Pylon — and created a new entrance to this structure where he erected two rows of columns with open papyrus capitals down the centre of this newly formed forecourt.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The forecourt between the Third and Fourth Pylons, sometimes called an <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> court, was also decorated with scenes of the sacred funerary <a href="/wiki/Barque" title="Barque">barques</a> of the deities <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mut" title="Mut">Mut</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Khonsu" title="Khonsu">Khonsu</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-65" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-65"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>65<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The king also started work on the Tenth Pylon at the Temple of Amun. Amenhotep's first recorded act as king — in his Years 1 and 2 — was to open new <a href="/wiki/Limestone" title="Limestone">limestone</a> <a href="/wiki/Quarries" class="mw-redirect" title="Quarries">quarries</a> at <a href="/wiki/Tura,_Egypt" title="Tura, Egypt">Tura</a>, just south of Cairo and at <a href="/wiki/Dayr_al-Barsha" class="mw-redirect" title="Dayr al-Barsha">Dayr al-Barsha</a> in <a href="/wiki/Middle_Egypt" title="Middle Egypt">Middle Egypt</a> to undertake his great building projects.<sup id="cite_ref-66" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-66"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>66<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He virtually covered <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a> with new monuments: </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>...including a small temple with a colonnade (dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a>) at <a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Elephantine</a>, a rock temple dedicated to Amun "Lord of the Ways" at Wadi es-Sebuam, and the temple of Horus of Miam at <a href="/wiki/Aniba_(Nubia)" title="Aniba (Nubia)">Aniba</a>...[as well as founding] additional temples at <a href="/wiki/Kawa,_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Kawa, Egypt">Kawa</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sesebi" title="Sesebi">Sesebi</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992223_67-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992223-67"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>67<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temple_of_Amenhotep,_Luxor.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg/220px-Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="157" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg/330px-Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg/440px-Temple_of_Amenhotep%2C_Luxor.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption>Luxor Temple of Amenhotep</figcaption></figure> <p>His enormous <a href="/wiki/Mortuary_Temple_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Mortuary Temple of Amenhotep III">mortuary temple</a> on the west bank of the <a href="/wiki/Nile" title="Nile">Nile</a> was, in its day, the largest religious complex in <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Egypt" title="Thebes, Egypt">Thebes</a>, but the king built too close to the <a href="/wiki/Floodplain" title="Floodplain">floodplain</a>, and less than two hundred years later it was reduced to ruins. Much of the masonry was purloined by <a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a> and later pharaohs for their own construction projects.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992224_68-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992224-68"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>68<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> All that remained standing was the gateway with the <a href="/wiki/Colossi_of_Memnon" title="Colossi of Memnon">Colossi of Memnon</a> — two massive stone statues depicting Amenhotep,18 m (59 ft) high. Amenhotep also built the Third Pylon at Karnak and erected 600 statues of the goddess <a href="/wiki/Sekhmet" title="Sekhmet">Sekhmet</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Precinct_of_Mut" title="Precinct of Mut">Temple of Mut</a> to the south.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992224,_295_69-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrimal1992224,_295-69"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>69<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of the most magnificent statues of New Kingdom Egypt date to his reign "such as the <a href="/wiki/Prudhoe_Lions" title="Prudhoe Lions">two outstanding couchant rose granite lions originally set before the temple at Soleb in Nubia</a>" as well as a large series of royal sculptures.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118_70-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several black granite seated statues of Amenhotep wearing the <i><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">nemes</a></i> headress have come from excavations behind the Colossi of Memnon as well as from Tanis in the Delta.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118_70-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2014, two giant statues of Amenhotep toppled by an earthquake in 1200 BC were reconstructed from more than 200 fragments and re-erected at the northern gate of the king's funerary temple.<sup id="cite_ref-71" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-71"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>71<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg/220px-Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg/330px-Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg/440px-Kom_el-Hettan_09.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="2074" /></a><figcaption>Remains of Kom el-Hettan (mortuary temple of Amenhotep III)</figcaption></figure> <p>One of the most stunning finds of royal statues dating to his reign was made as recently as 1989 in the courtyard of Amenhotep 's colonnade of the Temple of Luxor. The <a href="/wiki/Luxor_statue_cache" title="Luxor statue cache">cache of statues</a> included a nearly undamaged 6 feet (1.8 m)-high pink quartzite statue of the king wearing the <a href="/wiki/Pschent" title="Pschent">Double Crown</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118_70-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was mounted on a sled, and may have been a cult statue.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118_70-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only the name of the god <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> had been hacked out wherever it appeared in the pharaoh's <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a>, clearly part of Akhenaten's campaign against the god of his father.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118_70-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994118-70"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>70<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III,_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo,_Egypt._(14)_(1904)_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg/215px-The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg" decoding="async" width="215" height="117" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg/323px-The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/72/The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg/430px-The_Stela_of_Amenophis_III%2C_raised_by_Merneptah_and_bearing_the_earliest_mention_of_Israel_--Cairo%2C_Egypt._%2814%29_%281904%29_-_front_edited_-_TIMEA.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="558" /></a><figcaption>Obverse: The Stela of Amenhotep. back: raised by <a href="/wiki/Merenptah" class="mw-redirect" title="Merenptah">Merenptah</a> (1213–1203 a.c.) <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_Museum" title="Egyptian Museum">Egyptian Museum</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun,_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum,_London.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/159px-thumbnail.jpg" decoding="async" width="159" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/238px-thumbnail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/Hieroglyphs_on_the_backpillar_of_Amenhotep_III%27s_statue._There_are_2_places_where_Akhenaten%27s_agents_erased_the_name_Amun%2C_later_restored_on_a_deeper_surface._The_British_Museum%2C_London.jpg/318px-thumbnail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4015" data-file-height="6015" /></a><figcaption>Hieroglyphs on the backpillar of Amenhotep 's statue. There are 2 places where Akhenaten erased the name Amun, later restored on a deeper surface. The British Museum, London</figcaption></figure> <p>One of Amenhotep's most popular epithets was <i>Aten-tjehen</i> which means "the Dazzling Sun Disk"; it appears in his titulary at Luxor temple and was frequently used as the name for one of his palaces, and for the Year 11 royal barge, as well as for a company of Amenhotep's army.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19983,_14_72-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19983,_14-72"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>72<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2021, excavations revealed a settlement near Amenhotep's mortuary temple, called the <i><a href="/wiki/Aten_(city)" title="Aten (city)">Dazzling Aten</a></i>, believed to have been built by king<sup id="cite_ref-73" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-73"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>73<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to house craftsmen and labourers working on royal projects at Thebes, along with its own bakery and cemetery. </p><p>A <b>Sed Festival Stela of Amenhotep III</b> was taken from Egypt to Europe by an art dealer. Once owned by Eric Cassirer, it is now believed to be in a private collection in the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassirer1952128_74-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassirer1952128-74"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>74<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The white alabaster stela is 10 × 9 cm (3.94 × 3.54 in), but only its upper half survived.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassirer1952129_75-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassirer1952129-75"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>75<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Front view:</i> The god Heh, representing the number one million, holds notched palm leaves signifying years and the cartouche of Amenhotep, symbolically raising the pharoah for a million years. <i>Side view:</i> A series of festival (ḥb) emblems together with a Sed (sd) emblem identifying the stela as one made for Amenhotep 's Sed Festival royal jubilee. <i>Top and back view:</i> These show malicious damage where the cartouche was chipped away. Cassirer suggests this was another example of Akhenaten's vandalism against Amun<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassirer1952130_76-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassirer1952130-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other gods displayed on the stela, Re and Ma’at, showed no damage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTECassirer1952130_76-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTECassirer1952130-76"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>76<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The altered stela may then have been displayed by Akhenaten. </p><p>Another striking characteristic of Amenhotep's reign is the series of over 200 large <a href="/wiki/Commemorative_scarabs_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Commemorative scarabs of Amenhotep III">commemorative stone scarabs</a> that have been discovered over a large geographic area ranging from Syria (<a href="/wiki/Ras_Shamra" class="mw-redirect" title="Ras Shamra">Ras Shamra</a>) through to <a href="/wiki/Soleb" title="Soleb">Soleb</a> in Nubia.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199811–12_77-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199811–12-77"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>77<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly, five other scarabs state that his wife Gilukhepa of Mitanni arrived in Egypt with a retinue of 317 women. She was the first of many such princesses who would enter the pharaoh's family.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199813_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199813-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ancestry_and_genetics">Ancestry and genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Ancestry and genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886387087">.mw-parser-output table.ahnentafel{border-collapse:separate;border-spacing:0;line-height:130%}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel tr{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-t{border-top:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}.mw-parser-output .ahnentafel-b{border-bottom:#000 solid 1px;border-left:#000 solid 1px}</style><div class="noresize"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="margin:0.3em auto;clear:none;min-width:60em;width:auto;font-size:88%;border:1px solid #aaa"><tbody><tr><th style="padding:0.2em 0.3em 0.2em 4.3em;background:none;color:inherit;width:auto">Ancestors of Amenhotep III</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center"><table class="ahnentafel" style="margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><tbody><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="28" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="13"> </td><td rowspan="12" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="5"> </td><td rowspan="4" colspan="2"> </td><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">8. <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">4. <a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #bfc;">9. <a href="/wiki/Merytre_Hatshepsut" class="mw-redirect" title="Merytre Hatshepsut">Merytre Hatshepsut</a></td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">2. <a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-t"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #ffc;">5. <a href="/wiki/Tiaa" title="Tiaa">Tiaa</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fcc;">1. <b>Amenhotep III</b></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="11"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="16" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="15" class="ahnentafel-b"> </td><td rowspan="14" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="6" colspan="2"> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="3"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td rowspan="2" colspan="4" style="border:1px solid black;height:0.5em; padding:0 0.2em;background-color: #fb9;">3. <a href="/wiki/Mutemwiya" title="Mutemwiya">Mutemwiya</a></td><td rowspan="2" colspan="7"> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td></tr><tr><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td><td> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p>Genetic analysis has confirmed that Amenhotep III is the father of both the <a href="/wiki/KV55#The_identification_of_the_mummy" title="KV55">KV55 mummy</a>, identified in the study as Akhenaten, and "The Younger Lady", sibling parents of his grandson, Tutankhamun.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHawass_et_al.2010_78-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHawass_et_al.2010-78"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>78<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A more recent study, published in 2020, traced the family lineage via Y-chromosomes and mtDNA. Although only a partial profile was obtained, he shares his YDNA haplogroup, <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_R1b" title="Haplogroup R1b">R1b</a>, with his son and grandson, upholding the family tree outlined in the earlier study. However, the specific clade of R1b was not determined. The mitochondrial haplogroup of Amenhotep III was found to be <a href="/wiki/Haplogroup_H_(mtDNA)" title="Haplogroup H (mtDNA)">H2b</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGad_et_al.2020_79-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEGad_et_al.2020-79"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>79<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is associated with migrations from the <a href="/wiki/Pontic-Caspian_steppe" class="mw-redirect" title="Pontic-Caspian steppe">Pontic-Caspian steppe</a> to <a href="/wiki/South_Asia" title="South Asia">South Asia</a> and the spread of <a href="/wiki/Indo-Iranian_languages" title="Indo-Iranian languages">Indo-Iranian languages</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-80" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-80"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>80<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-81" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-81"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>81<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2022, S.O.Y. Keita analysed 8 <a href="/wiki/STR_analysis" title="STR analysis">Short Tandem loci</a> (STR) published data from studies by Hawass et al. 2010;2012<sup id="cite_ref-82" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-82"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>82<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-83" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-83"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>83<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which sought to determine familial relations and research pathological features such as potential infectious diseases among the New Kingdom royal mummies, including <a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a>, Amenhotep III, and <a href="/wiki/Rameses_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Rameses III">Rameses III</a>. Keita used the Popaffiliator algorithm which differentiates <a href="/wiki/Eurasia" title="Eurasia">Eurasians</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sub-Sahara" class="mw-redirect" title="Sub-Sahara">Sub-Saharan Africans</a>, and <a href="/wiki/East_Asia" title="East Asia">East Asians</a>; he concluded that "a majority [have] an affinity with 'Sub-Saharan' Africans in one affinity analysis". However, he emphasized the complexity of ethnic attributions, cautioning that the royal mummies may have had other affiliations obscured by the typological categories, and that different "data and <a href="/wiki/Algorithm" title="Algorithm">algorithms</a> might give different results".<sup id="cite_ref-84" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-84"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>84<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>According to historian William Stiebling and archaeologist Susan N. Helft, conflicting DNA analyses by different research teams have thusfar failed to establish consensus on the genetic makeup of the ancient Egyptians and their geographic origins.<sup id="cite_ref-85" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-85"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>85<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granodiorite seated statue of Amenhotep at the British Museum, from its left side."><img alt="Granodiorite seated statue of Amenhotep at the British Museum, from its left side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg/64px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg/96px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg/128px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM.jpg 2x" data-file-width="671" data-file-height="1256" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Granodiorite seated statue of Amenhotep at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, from its left side.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granodiorite statue of Amenhotep at the British Museum, Left of Statue above."><img alt="Granodiorite statue of Amenhotep at the British Museum, Left of Statue above." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg/60px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg/90px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg/120px-Amenhotep_III_at_BM_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Granodiorite statue of Amenhotep at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, Left of Statue above.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Granodiorite Amenhotep (Left Statue) Close up, British Museum"><img alt="Granodiorite Amenhotep (Left Statue) Close up, British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg/85px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="85" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg/127px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/bd/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg/170px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Granodiorite Amenhotep (Left Statue) Close up, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bulls Tail (Left Statue), British Museum"><img alt="Bulls Tail (Left Statue), British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg/60px-Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg/90px-Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg/120px-Amenhotep%27s_Bulls_Tail.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Bulls Tail (Left Statue), <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Belt (Left Statue), British Museum"><img alt="Belt (Left Statue), British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg/120px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg/180px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/ae/Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg/240px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep%27s_belt.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Belt (Left Statue), <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Feet (Left Statue), British Museum"><img alt="Feet (Left Statue), British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg/120px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg/180px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/57/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg/240px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_feet.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Feet (Left Statue), <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Left Inscriptions (Left Statue), British Museum"><img alt="Left Inscriptions (Left Statue), British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg/60px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg/90px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/5/5b/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg/120px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Left Inscriptions (Left Statue), <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Right Inscriptions (Left Statue), British Museum"><img alt="Right Inscriptions (Left Statue), British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg/60px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="60" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg/90px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/7/79/Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg/120px-Granodiorie_Amenhotep_Inscriptions_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="1440" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Right Inscriptions (Left Statue), <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Red Granite Statue, North East side, British Museum"><img alt="Red Granite Statue, North East side, British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg/99px-Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg" decoding="async" width="99" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg/149px-Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f9/Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg/198px-Red_Amenhotep_1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="594" data-file-height="719" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Red Granite Statue, North East side, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Limestone Amenhotep, British Museum"><img alt="Limestone Amenhotep, British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg/92px-Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg" decoding="async" width="92" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg/139px-Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/40/Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg/185px-Limestone_Amenhotep.jpg 2x" data-file-width="555" data-file-height="720" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Limestone Amenhotep, <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt,_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, c. 1400 BCE. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA6"><img alt="Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, c. 1400 BCE. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA6" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/88px-EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="88" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/132px-EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5f/EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/176px-EA_6._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="5479" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400 BCE</span>. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA6</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt,_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, c. 1400 BCE. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA7"><img alt="Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, c. 1400 BCE. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA7" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/103px-EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/155px-EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/207px-EA_7._Amenhotep_III_wearing_the_red_crown_of_Lower_Egypt%2C_c._1400_BCE._From_Thebes%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="4663" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amenhotep wearing the red crown of Lower Egypt, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1400 BCE</span>. From Thebes, Egypt. British Museum. EA7</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_(146110918).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Drawing of Amenhotep III bust in the British Museum"><img alt="Drawing of Amenhotep III bust in the British Museum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg/83px-Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="83" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg/124px-Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg/166px-Darstellung_des_Menschen_in_der_alteren_griechischen_Kunst_1899_%28146110918%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3096" data-file-height="4484" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Drawing of Amenhotep III bust in the British Museum</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Amenhotep III from KV 22 tomb of Amenhotep III Louvre Museum N 521 A, Other inventory number: LP 2114"><img alt="Amenhotep III from KV 22 tomb of Amenhotep III Louvre Museum N 521 A, Other inventory number: LP 2114" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg/109px-AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg" decoding="async" width="109" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg/164px-AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg/218px-AmenhotepIII-Peinture-Museedulouvre.jpg 2x" data-file-width="466" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Amenhotep III from KV 22 tomb of Amenhotep III <a href="/wiki/Louvre_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Louvre Museum">Louvre Museum</a> N 521 A, Other inventory number: LP 2114</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Xviii_dinastia,_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III,_da_tebe,_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Depiction of Amenhotep III in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden"><img alt="Depiction of Amenhotep III in the Rijksmuseum van Oudheden" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg/101px-Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg" decoding="async" width="101" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg/152px-Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg/202px-Xviii_dinastia%2C_rilievo_di_re_amenhotep_III%2C_da_tebe%2C_1370-1353_ac_ca.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2388" data-file-height="2832" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Depiction of Amenhotep III in the <a href="/wiki/Rijksmuseum_van_Oudheden" title="Rijksmuseum van Oudheden">Rijksmuseum van Oudheden</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e,_Amenhotep_III,_GEM_189.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A prostrate figurine of Amenhotep III found in Tutankhamun's tomb"><img alt="A prostrate figurine of Amenhotep III found in Tutankhamun's tomb" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg/120px-Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg/180px-Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg/240px-Figurine_prostern%C3%A9e%2C_Amenhotep_III%2C_GEM_189.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4392" data-file-height="2745" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A prostrate figurine of Amenhotep III found in Tutankhamun's tomb</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Amenhotep_III" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_red_granite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal red granite statue of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colossal_quartzite_statue_of_Amenhotep_III" title="Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III">Colossal quartzite statue of Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_ancient_Egypt" title="History of ancient Egypt">History of ancient Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_dynasty_of_Egypt_Family_Tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree">Eighteenth dynasty of Egypt Family Tree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quay_with_Sphinxes" title="Quay with Sphinxes">Quay with Sphinxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_lion_hunts_of_Amenhotep_III_during_the_first_ten_years_of_his_reign" title="The lion hunts of Amenhotep III during the first ten years of his reign">The lion hunts of Amenhotep III during the first ten years of his reign</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Footnotes">Footnotes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Footnotes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMoran19927-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMoran19927_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMoran1992">Moran 1992</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELeprohon2013102–104_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLeprohon2013">Leprohon 2013</a>, pp. 102–104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEClayton1994112-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEClayton1994112_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFClayton1994">Clayton 1994</a>, p. 112.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loprieno, Antonio (1995) <i>Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction,</i> Cambridge: Cambridge University Press,</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Loprieno, Antonio (2001) "From Ancient Egyptian to Coptic" in Haspelmath, Martin et al. (eds.), <i>Language Typology and Language Universals</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ranke_1935_30-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Ranke_1935_30_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFRanke1935" class="citation book cs1">Ranke, Hermann (1935). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gizamedia.rc.fas.harvard.edu/images/MFA-images/Giza/GizaImage/full/library/ranke_personennamen_1.pdf"><i>Die Ägyptischen Personennamen, Bd. 1: Verzeichnis der Namen</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Glückstadt: J.J. Augustin. p. 30<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 July</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Die+%C3%84gyptischen+Personennamen%2C+Bd.+1%3A+Verzeichnis+der+Namen&rft.place=Gl%C3%BCckstadt&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=J.J.+Augustin&rft.date=1935&rft.aulast=Ranke&rft.aufirst=Hermann&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgizamedia.rc.fas.harvard.edu%2Fimages%2FMFA-images%2FGiza%2FGizaImage%2Ffull%2Flibrary%2Franke_personennamen_1.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBeckerath1997190-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBeckerath1997190_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBeckerath1997">Beckerath 1997</a>, p. 190.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19983-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19983_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerman1998">Berman 1998</a>, p. 3.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Silver, C. (2017). Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. ThoughtCo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thoughtco.com/pharaoh-amenhotep-iii-and-queen-tiye-120268">https://www.thoughtco.com/pharaoh-amenhotep-iii-and-queen-tiye-120268</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Team, E. (2023). King Amenhotep III. Egypt Tours Portal. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.egypttoursportal.com/en-us/blog/egyptian-pharaohs/king-amenhotep-iii/">https://www.egypttoursportal.com/en-us/blog/egyptian-pharaohs/king-amenhotep-iii/</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Amenhotep III achieved unprecedented equality with his wife Tiye, recent study. (2022, August 3). EgyptToday. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/118093/Amenhotep-III-achieved-unprecedented-equality-with-his-wife-Tiye-recent">https://www.egypttoday.com/Article/4/118093/Amenhotep-III-achieved-unprecedented-equality-with-his-wife-Tiye-recent</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher200010-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher200010_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher2000">Fletcher 2000</a>, p. 10.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19984-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19984_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerman1998">Berman 1998</a>, p. 4.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTETyldesley2006-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTETyldesley2006_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFTyldesley2006">Tyldesley 2006</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman19987-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman19987_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerman1998">Berman 1998</a>, p. 7.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992nos._24,_57,_103_&_104-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992nos._24,_57,_103_&_104_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKozloffBryan1992">Kozloff & Bryan 1992</a>, nos. 24, 57, 103 & 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992fig._II,_5-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992fig._II,_5_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKozloffBryan1992">Kozloff & Bryan 1992</a>, fig. II, 5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Davies-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Davies_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">N. de G. Davies, The rock tombs of El-Amarna, Parts III and IV, 1905 (Reprinted 2004), The Egypt Exploration Society, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-85698-160-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-85698-160-5">0-85698-160-5</a>. Facsimile in Internet Archive: <a href="//archive.org/details/cu31924020525360" class="extiw" title="iarchive:cu31924020525360">Part III. The Tombs of Huya and Ahmes, 1905</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton2004154-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDodsonHilton2004154_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDodsonHilton2004">Dodson & Hilton 2004</a>, p. 154.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000156-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEFletcher2000156_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFFletcher2000">Fletcher 2000</a>, p. 156.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEGrajetzki2005_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFGrajetzki2005">Grajetzki 2005</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012194_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKozloff2012">Kozloff 2012</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992no._2-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloffBryan1992no._2_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKozloffBryan1992">Kozloff & Bryan 1992</a>, no. 2.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBerman199813-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199813_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBerman199813_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBerman1998">Berman 1998</a>, p. 13.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Urk. IV 1665–66</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012197-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKozloff2012197_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKozloff2012">Kozloff 2012</a>, p. 197.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELichtheim1980104-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELichtheim1980104_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLichtheim1980">Lichtheim 1980</a>, p. 104.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlbrechtFeldmeier2014" class="citation book cs1">Albrecht, Felix; Feldmeier, Reinhard, eds. 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It contains several ancient samples from Russia, all basal to the rest of the branch, including one individual from the Yamnaya culture and one from the Late Bronze Age Srubnaya culture, both from the Pontic-Caspian Steppe region, and five other Bronze Age samples from east of the Volga river: three from Sintashta and two from Krasnoyarsk. Also in a basal position, there are three modern Russian samples (two from the Altai region) and one Danish sequence. Interestingly, while the vast majority (70%) of H2 modern sequences in our dataset are of European origin, H2b displays a strong South Asian component, with seven samples from Pakistan, India and Sri Lanka. The newly published Sintashta and Middle Bronze Age Krasnoyarsk (Russian) sequences (Narasimhan et al.2018), together with the previously released Yamnaya and Srubnaya, span a period from 5 to 3.5 ka. 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(2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/62081">"Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study"</a>. <i>BMJ</i>. <b>345</b> (e8268): e8268. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1136%2Fbmj.e8268">10.1136/bmj.e8268</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/10072%2F62081">10072/62081</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23247979">23247979</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:206896841">206896841</a></span>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230314194504/https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/62081">Archived</a> from the original on Mar 14, 2023 – via Griffith Research Online.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BMJ&rft.atitle=Revisiting+the+harem+conspiracy+and+death+of+Ramesses+III%3A+anthropological%2C+forensic%2C+radiological%2C+and+genetic+study&rft.volume=345&rft.issue=e8268&rft.pages=e8268&rft.date=2012&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F10072%2F62081&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A206896841%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F23247979&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1136%2Fbmj.e8268&rft.au=Hawass%2C+Zahi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fresearch-repository.griffith.edu.au%2Fhandle%2F10072%2F62081&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-84"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-84">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeita2022" class="citation web cs1">Keita, S. O. Y. (September 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://egyptianexpedition.org/articles/ideas-about-race-in-nile-valley-histories-a-consideration-of-racial-paradigms-in-recent-presentations-on-nile-valley-africa-from-black-pharaohs/">"Ideas about "Race" in Nile Valley Histories: A Consideration of "Racial" Paradigms in Recent Presentations on Nile Valley Africa, from "Black Pharaohs" to Mummy Genomest"</a>. <i>Journal of Ancient Egyptian Interconnections</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Ancient+Egyptian+Interconnections&rft.atitle=Ideas+about+%22Race%22+in+Nile+Valley+Histories%3A+A+Consideration+of+%22Racial%22+Paradigms+in+Recent+Presentations+on+Nile+Valley+Africa%2C+from+%22Black+Pharaohs%22+to+Mummy+Genomest&rft.date=2022-09&rft.aulast=Keita&rft.aufirst=S.+O.+Y.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fegyptianexpedition.org%2Farticles%2Fideas-about-race-in-nile-valley-histories-a-consideration-of-racial-paradigms-in-recent-presentations-on-nile-valley-africa-from-black-pharaohs%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-85"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-85">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJrHelft2023" class="citation book cs1">Jr, William H. Stiebing; Helft, Susan N. (3 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=AUm7EAAAQBAJ&q=Gourdine+keita"><i>Ancient Near Eastern History and Culture</i></a>. Taylor & Francis. pp. 209–212. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-000-88066-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-000-88066-3"><bdi>978-1-000-88066-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Near+Eastern+History+and+Culture&rft.pages=209-212&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2023-07-03&rft.isbn=978-1-000-88066-3&rft.aulast=Jr&rft.aufirst=William+H.+Stiebing&rft.au=Helft%2C+Susan+N.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DAUm7EAAAQBAJ%26q%3DGourdine%2Bkeita&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Amenhotep_III&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAldred1991" class="citation book cs1">Aldred, Cyril (1991). <i>Akhenaten: King of Egypt</i>. Thames & Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akhenaten%3A+King+of+Egypt&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=1991&rft.aulast=Aldred&rft.aufirst=Cyril&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen2009" class="citation book cs1">Allen, James P. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/blogs.memphis.edu/dist/4/463/files/2014/03/Allen-z82g3a.pdf">"The Amarna Succession"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Brand, Peter James; Cooper, Louise (eds.). <i>Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane</i>. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 9–20. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17644-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17644-7"><bdi>978-90-04-17644-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Amarna+Succession&rft.btitle=Causing+His+Name+to+Live%3A+Studies+in+Egyptian+Epigraphy+and+History+in+Memory+of+William+J.+Murnane&rft.place=Leiden%3B+Boston&rft.pages=9-20&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17644-7&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=James+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com%2Fblogs.memphis.edu%2Fdist%2F4%2F463%2Ffiles%2F2014%2F03%2FAllen-z82g3a.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBeckerath1997" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen_von_Beckerath" title="Jürgen von Beckerath">Beckerath, Jürgen von</a> (1997). <i>Chronologie des Pharaonischen Ägypten</i>. Mainz: Philipp von Zabern. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8053-2310-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-8053-2310-7"><bdi>3-8053-2310-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronologie+des+Pharaonischen+%C3%84gypten&rft.place=Mainz&rft.pub=Philipp+von+Zabern&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=3-8053-2310-7&rft.aulast=Beckerath&rft.aufirst=J%C3%BCrgen+von&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBerman1998" class="citation book cs1">Berman, Lawrence M. (1998). "Overview of Amenhotep III and His Reign". In O'Connor, David; Cline, Eric (eds.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/AmenhotepIIIPerspectivesOnHisReign_201905/page/n8/mode/1up"><i>Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign</i></a> (2001 ed.). Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. pp. 1–25. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-472-10742-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-472-10742-9"><bdi>0-472-10742-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Overview+of+Amenhotep+III+and+His+Reign&rft.btitle=Amenhotep+III%3A+Perspectives+on+His+Reign&rft.place=Ann+Arbor&rft.pages=1-25&rft.edition=2001&rft.pub=University+of+Michigan+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-472-10742-9&rft.aulast=Berman&rft.aufirst=Lawrence+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FAmenhotepIIIPerspectivesOnHisReign_201905%2Fpage%2Fn8%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlankenberg-van_Delden1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/C._Blankenberg-van_Delden" title="C. Blankenberg-van Delden">Blankenberg-van Delden, C.</a> (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/largecommemorati0000blan"><i>The Large Commemorative Scarabs of Amenhotep III</i></a></span>. Leiden: E.J. Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-00474-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-00474-0"><bdi>978-90-04-00474-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Large+Commemorative+Scarabs+of+Amenhotep+III&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=E.J.+Brill&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-90-04-00474-0&rft.aulast=Blankenberg-van+Delden&rft.aufirst=C.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Flargecommemorati0000blan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCassirer1952" class="citation journal cs1">Cassirer, Manfred (1952). "A <i>hb-sd</i> Stela of Amenophis III". <i>The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology</i>. <b>38</b>: 128–130. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F3855505">10.2307/3855505</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/3855505">3855505</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Egyptian+Archaeology&rft.atitle=A+hb-sd+Stela+of+Amenophis+III&rft.volume=38&rft.pages=128-130&rft.date=1952&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F3855505&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F3855505%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Cassirer&rft.aufirst=Manfred&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFClayton1994" class="citation book cs1">Clayton, Peter (1994). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00clay"><i>Chronicle of the Pharaohs</i></a></span>. Thames & Hudson Ltd. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780500050743" title="Special:BookSources/9780500050743"><bdi>9780500050743</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Pharaohs&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson+Ltd.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=9780500050743&rft.aulast=Clayton&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00clay&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDodsonHilton2004" class="citation book cs1">Dodson, Aidan; Hilton, Dylan (2004). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/completeroyalfam0000dods_a3h8/page/154/mode/2up"><i>The Complete Royal Families of Ancient Egypt</i></a></span>. London: Thames & Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05128-3"><bdi>0-500-05128-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Royal+Families+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-500-05128-3&rft.aulast=Dodson&rft.aufirst=Aidan&rft.au=Hilton%2C+Dylan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcompleteroyalfam0000dods_a3h8%2Fpage%2F154%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDorman2009" class="citation book cs1">Dorman, Peter (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://oi.uchicago.edu/sites/oi.uchicago.edu/files/uploads/shared/docs/LongCoregency.pdf">"The Long Coregency Revisited: Architectural and Iconographic Conundra in the Tomb of Kheruef"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. In Brand, Peter James; Cooper, Louise (eds.). <i>Causing His Name to Live: Studies in Egyptian Epigraphy and History in Memory of William J. Murnane</i>. Leiden; Boston: Brill. pp. 65–82. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17644-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-17644-7"><bdi>978-90-04-17644-7</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Long+Coregency+Revisited%3A+Architectural+and+Iconographic+Conundra+in+the+Tomb+of+Kheruef&rft.btitle=Causing+His+Name+to+Live%3A+Studies+in+Egyptian+Epigraphy+and+History+in+Memory+of+William+J.+Murnane&rft.place=Leiden%3B+Boston&rft.pages=65-82&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-90-04-17644-7&rft.aulast=Dorman&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Foi.uchicago.edu%2Fsites%2Foi.uchicago.edu%2Ffiles%2Fuploads%2Fshared%2Fdocs%2FLongCoregency.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFletcher2000" class="citation book cs1">Fletcher, Joann (2000). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chronicleofphara00flet"><i>Chronicle of a Pharaoh – The Intimate Life of Amenhotep III</i></a></span>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-521660-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-521660-8"><bdi>978-0-19-521660-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+a+Pharaoh+%E2%80%93+The+Intimate+Life+of+Amenhotep+III&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-19-521660-8&rft.aulast=Fletcher&rft.aufirst=Joann&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchronicleofphara00flet&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGad_et_al.2020" class="citation book cs1">Gad, Yehia; Ismail, Somaia; Fathalla, Dina; Khairat, Rabab; Fares, Suzan; Gad, Ahmed Zakaria; Saad, Rama; Moustafa, Amal; ElShahat, Eslam; Mandil, Naglaa; Fateen, Mohamed; Elleithy, Hisham; Wasef, Sally; Zink, Albert; Hawass, Zahi; Pusch, Carsten (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/353306320">"Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun's Family"</a>. In Kamrin, Janice; Bárta, Miroslav; Ikram, Salima; Lehner, Mark; Megahed, Mohamed (eds.). <i>Guardian of Ancient Egypt: Essays in Honor of Zahi Hawass</i>. Czech Institute of Egyptology. pp. 497–518. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-979-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-80-7308-979-5"><bdi>978-80-7308-979-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 February</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Maternal+and+Paternal+Lineages+in+King+Tutankhamun%E2%80%99s+Family&rft.btitle=Guardian+of+Ancient+Egypt%3A+Essays+in+Honor+of+Zahi+Hawass&rft.pages=497-518&rft.pub=Czech+Institute+of+Egyptology&rft.date=2020&rft.isbn=978-80-7308-979-5&rft.aulast=Gad&rft.aufirst=Yehia&rft.au=Ismail%2C+Somaia&rft.au=Fathalla%2C+Dina&rft.au=Khairat%2C+Rabab&rft.au=Fares%2C+Suzan&rft.au=Gad%2C+Ahmed+Zakaria&rft.au=Saad%2C+Rama&rft.au=Moustafa%2C+Amal&rft.au=ElShahat%2C+Eslam&rft.au=Mandil%2C+Naglaa&rft.au=Fateen%2C+Mohamed&rft.au=Elleithy%2C+Hisham&rft.au=Wasef%2C+Sally&rft.au=Zink%2C+Albert&rft.au=Hawass%2C+Zahi&rft.au=Pusch%2C+Carsten&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F353306320&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrajetzki2005" class="citation book cs1">Grajetzki, Wolfram (2005). <i>Ancient Egyptian Queens: A Hieroglyphic Dictionary</i>. London: Golden House Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-9547218-9-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-9547218-9-3"><bdi>978-0-9547218-9-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Queens%3A+A+Hieroglyphic+Dictionary&rft.place=London&rft.pub=Golden+House+Publications&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-9547218-9-3&rft.aulast=Grajetzki&rft.aufirst=Wolfram&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimal1992" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Nicolas (1992). <i>A History of Ancient Egypt</i>. Blackwell Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+Ancient+Egypt&rft.pub=Blackwell+Books&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawass_et_al.2010" class="citation journal cs1">Hawass, Zahi; et al. (17 February 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.leben-in-luxor.de/docs/Hawass_Ancestry_and_Pathology_joc05008_638_647.pdf">"Ancestry and Pathology in King Tutankhamun's Family"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i><a href="/wiki/JAMA_(journal)" class="mw-redirect" title="JAMA (journal)">The Journal of the American Medical Association</a></i>. <b>303</b> (7): 638–647. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1001%2Fjama.2010.121">10.1001/jama.2010.121</a></span>. <a href="/wiki/PMID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="PMID (identifier)">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20159872">20159872</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Cleveland.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Royal+and+Divine+Statuary+in+Egypt%27s+Dazzling+Sun%3A+Amenhotep+III+and+his+World&rft.place=Cleveland&rft.date=1992&rft.aulast=Kozloff&rft.aufirst=Arielle&rft.au=Bryan%2C+Betsy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKozloff2012" class="citation book cs1">Kozloff, Arielle P. (2012). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amenhotepiiiegyp0000kozl"><i>Amenhotep III: Egypt's Radiant Pharaoh</i></a></span>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01196-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-107-01196-0"><bdi>978-1-107-01196-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Amenhotep+III%3A+Egypt%27s+Radiant+Pharaoh&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-1-107-01196-0&rft.aulast=Kozloff&rft.aufirst=Arielle+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famenhotepiiiegyp0000kozl&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLeprohon2013" class="citation book cs1">Leprohon, Ronald J. (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/LEPROHON2013TheGreatNameAncientEgyptianRoyalTitulary/page/n121/mode/2up"><i>The Great Name: Ancient Egyptian Royal Titulary</i></a>. SBL Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-736-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58983-736-2"><bdi>978-1-58983-736-2</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 December</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Great+Name%3A+Ancient+Egyptian+Royal+Titulary&rft.pub=SBL+Press&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-1-58983-736-2&rft.aulast=Leprohon&rft.aufirst=Ronald+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FLEPROHON2013TheGreatNameAncientEgyptianRoyalTitulary%2Fpage%2Fn121%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLichtheim1980" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Miriam_Lichtheim" title="Miriam Lichtheim">Lichtheim, Miriam</a> (1980). <i>Ancient Egyptian Literature: A Book of Readings: The Late Period</i>. University of California Press.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egyptian+Literature%3A+A+Book+of+Readings%3A+The+Late+Period&rft.pub=University+of+California+Press&rft.date=1980&rft.aulast=Lichtheim&rft.aufirst=Miriam&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMoran1992" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_L._Moran" title="William L. Moran">Moran, William L.</a> (1992). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amarnaletters0000unse_c3q4/mode/2up"><i>The Amarna Letters</i></a></span>. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8018-4251-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8018-4251-4"><bdi>0-8018-4251-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Amarna+Letters&rft.place=Baltimore&rft.pub=Johns+Hopkins+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=0-8018-4251-4&rft.aulast=Moran&rft.aufirst=William+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famarnaletters0000unse_c3q4%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'ConnorCline1998" class="citation book cs1">O'Connor, David; Cline, Eric (1998). <i>Amenhotep III: Perspectives on His Reign</i>. 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London: Thames and Hudson. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-500-05080-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-500-05080-5"><bdi>0-500-05080-5</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Complete+Valley+of+the+Kings%3A+Tombs+and+Treasures+of+Egypt%27s+Greatest+Pharaohs&rft.place=London&rft.edition=2000&rft.pub=Thames+and+Hudson&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-500-05080-5&rft.aulast=Reeves&rft.aufirst=Nicholas&rft.au=Wilkinson%2C+Richard+H.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2FTheCompleteValleyOfTheKingsTombsAndTreasuresOfEgyptsGreatestPharaohsC.N.ReevesRi%2Fpage%2Fn198%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmith1912" class="citation book cs1">Smith, Grafton Elliot (1912). <i>The Royal Mummies</i>. 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"Patterns of Queenship in Ancient Egyptian Myth and History". <i>Uppsala Studies in Ancient Mediterranean and Near Eastern Civilizations</i>. <b>14</b>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Uppsala+Studies+in+Ancient+Mediterranean+and+Near+Eastern+Civilizations&rft.atitle=Patterns+of+Queenship+in+Ancient+Egyptian+Myth+and+History&rft.volume=14&rft.date=1986&rft.aulast=Troy&rft.aufirst=Lana&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTyldesley2006" class="citation book cs1">Tyldesley, Joyce (2006). <i>Chronicle of the Queens of Egypt</i>. Thames & Hudson.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Chronicle+of+the+Queens+of+Egypt&rft.pub=Thames+%26+Hudson&rft.date=2006&rft.aulast=Tyldesley&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAmenhotep+III" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pharaohs" title="Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pharaohs" title="Template talk:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pharaohs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pharaohs" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(pre-3150 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(3150–2686 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2686–2181 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2181–2040 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(2040–1802 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1802–1550 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;"> (1550–664 BC)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1550–1070 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twosret" class="mw-redirect" title="Twosret">Twosret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(1069–664 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Piankh" title="Piankh">Piankh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masaharta" title="Masaharta">Masaharta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkhonsuefankh" title="Djedkhonsuefankh">Djedkhonsuefankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkheperre" title="Menkheperre">Menkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smendes_II" title="Smendes II">Smendes II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_II" title="Pinedjem II">Pinedjem II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_III" title="Psusennes III">Psusennes III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(664–332 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(332–30 BC)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_II" title="Arsinoe II">Arsinoe II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_II" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice II">Berenice II Euergetes</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_III_Philopator" class="mw-redirect" title="Arsinoe III Philopator">Arsinoe III Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_I_Syra" title="Cleopatra I Syra">Cleopatra I Syra</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_IV" title="Cleopatra IV">Cleopatra IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"><span style="font-size:85%;">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tutankhamun" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Tutankhamun" title="Template:Tutankhamun"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Tutankhamun" title="Template talk:Tutankhamun"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Tutankhamun" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Tutankhamun"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tutankhamun" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten (father)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Younger_Lady" title="The Younger Lady">"The Younger Lady" (mother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ankhesenamun" title="Ankhesenamun">Ankhesenamun (wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/317a_and_317b_mummies" title="317a and 317b mummies">317a and 317b mummies (daughters)</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Amenhotep III (grandfather)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiye" title="Tiye">Tiye (grandmother)</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="4" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Mask on Tutankhamun's innermost coffin"><img alt="Mask on Tutankhamun's innermost coffin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg/140px-Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg" decoding="async" width="140" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg/210px-Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg/280px-Tutanhkamun_innermost_coffin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="667" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artifacts and<br />exhibitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mask_of_Tutankhamun" title="Mask of Tutankhamun">Mask</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun%27s_mummy" title="Tutankhamun's mummy">Mummy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anubis_Shrine" title="Anubis Shrine">Anubis Shrine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_of_Nefertem" title="Head of Nefertem">Head of Nefertem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lotus_chalice" title="Lotus chalice">Lotus chalice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun%27s_trumpets" title="Tutankhamun's trumpets">Trumpets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun%27s_meteoric_iron_dagger" title="Tutankhamun's meteoric iron dagger">Meteoric iron dagger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Tutankhamun" title="Chariots of Tutankhamun">Chariots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exhibitions_of_artifacts_from_the_tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Exhibitions of artifacts from the tomb of Tutankhamun">Exhibitions</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Tomb of Tutankhamun">Tomb</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discovery_of_the_tomb_of_Tutankhamun" title="Discovery of the tomb of Tutankhamun">Discovery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howard_Carter" title="Howard Carter">Howard Carter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Herbert,_5th_Earl_of_Carnarvon" title="George Herbert, 5th Earl of Carnarvon">Earl of Carnarvon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Burton_(Egyptologist)" title="Harry Burton (Egyptologist)">Harry Burton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Callender" title="Arthur Callender">Arthur Callender</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Evelyn_Beauchamp" title="Lady Evelyn Beauchamp">Lady Evelyn Herbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lucas_(chemist)" title="Alfred Lucas (chemist)">Alfred Lucas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albert_Lythgoe" title="Albert Lythgoe">Albert Lythgoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Cruttenden_Mace" title="Arthur Cruttenden Mace">Arthur Mace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Popular<br />culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Of_Time,_Tombs_and_Treasures" title="Of Time, Tombs and Treasures"><i>Of Time, Tombs and Treasures</i> (1977 documentary)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_King_Tut%27s_Tomb_(1980_film)" title="The Curse of King Tut's Tomb (1980 film)"><i>The Curse of King Tut's Tomb</i> (1980 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mysteries_of_Egypt" title="Mysteries of Egypt"><i>Mysteries of Egypt</i> (1998 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutenstein" title="Tutenstein"><i>Tutenstein</i> (2003 series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egypt_(TV_series)" title="Egypt (TV series)"><i>Egypt</i> (2005 TV series)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Curse_of_King_Tut%27s_Tomb_(2006_film)" title="The Curse of King Tut's Tomb (2006 film)"><i>The Curse of King Tut's Tomb</i> (2006 film)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tut_(miniseries)" title="Tut (miniseries)"><i>Tut</i> (2015 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun_(TV_series)" title="Tutankhamun (TV series)"><i>Tutankhamun</i> (2016 miniseries)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/King_Tut_(song)" title="King Tut (song)">Steve Martin song</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_the_pharaohs" title="Curse of the pharaohs">Curse of the pharaohs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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