MDPI - Publisher of Open Access Journals

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value="biomolecules" > Biomolecules </option> <option value="biophysica" > Biophysica </option> <option value="biosensors" > Biosensors </option> <option value="biosphere" > Biosphere </option> <option value="biotech" > BioTech </option> <option value="birds" > Birds </option> <option value="blockchains" > Blockchains </option> <option value="brainsci" > Brain Sciences </option> <option value="buildings" > Buildings </option> <option value="businesses" > Businesses </option> <option value="carbon" > C (Journal of Carbon Research) </option> <option value="cancers" > Cancers </option> <option value="cardiogenetics" > Cardiogenetics </option> <option value="catalysts" > Catalysts </option> <option value="cells" > Cells </option> <option value="ceramics" > Ceramics </option> <option value="challenges" > Challenges </option> <option value="ChemEngineering" > ChemEngineering </option> <option value="chemistry" > Chemistry </option> <option value="chemproc" > Chemistry Proceedings </option> <option value="chemosensors" > Chemosensors </option> <option value="children" > Children </option> <option value="chips" > Chips </option> <option value="civileng" > CivilEng </option> <option value="cleantechnol" > Clean Technologies (Clean Technol.) </option> <option value="climate" > Climate </option> <option value="ctn" > Clinical and Translational Neuroscience (CTN) </option> <option value="clinbioenerg" > Clinical Bioenergetics </option> <option value="clinpract" > Clinics and Practice </option> <option value="clockssleep" > Clocks & Sleep </option> <option value="coasts" > Coasts </option> <option value="coatings" > Coatings </option> <option value="colloids" > Colloids and Interfaces </option> <option value="colorants" > Colorants </option> <option value="commodities" > Commodities </option> <option value="complications" > Complications </option> <option value="compounds" > Compounds </option> <option value="computation" > Computation </option> <option value="csmf" > Computer Sciences & Mathematics Forum </option> <option value="computers" > Computers </option> <option value="condensedmatter" > Condensed Matter </option> <option value="conservation" > Conservation </option> <option value="constrmater" > Construction Materials </option> <option value="cmd" > Corrosion and Materials Degradation (CMD) </option> <option value="cosmetics" > Cosmetics </option> <option value="covid" > COVID </option> <option value="cmtr" > Craniomaxillofacial Trauma & Reconstruction (CMTR) </option> <option value="crops" > Crops </option> <option value="cryo" > Cryo </option> <option value="cryptography" > Cryptography </option> <option value="crystals" > Crystals </option> <option value="cimb" > Current Issues in Molecular Biology (CIMB) </option> <option value="curroncol" > Current Oncology </option> <option value="dairy" > Dairy </option> <option value="data" > Data </option> <option value="dentistry" > Dentistry Journal </option> <option value="dermato" > Dermato </option> <option value="dermatopathology" > Dermatopathology </option> <option value="designs" > Designs </option> <option value="diabetology" > Diabetology </option> <option value="diagnostics" > Diagnostics </option> <option value="dietetics" > Dietetics </option> <option value="digital" > Digital </option> <option value="disabilities" > Disabilities </option> <option value="diseases" > Diseases </option> <option value="diversity" > Diversity </option> <option value="dna" > DNA </option> <option value="drones" > Drones </option> <option value="ddc" > Drugs and Drug Candidates (DDC) </option> <option value="dynamics" > Dynamics </option> <option value="earth" > Earth </option> <option value="ecologies" > Ecologies </option> <option value="econometrics" > Econometrics </option> <option value="economies" > Economies </option> <option value="education" > Education Sciences </option> <option value="electricity" > Electricity </option> <option value="electrochem" > Electrochem </option> <option value="electronicmat" > Electronic Materials </option> <option value="electronics" > Electronics </option> <option value="ecm" > Emergency Care and Medicine </option> <option value="encyclopedia" > Encyclopedia </option> <option value="endocrines" > Endocrines </option> <option value="energies" > Energies </option> <option value="esa" > Energy Storage and Applications (ESA) </option> <option value="eng" > Eng </option> <option value="engproc" > Engineering Proceedings </option> <option value="entropy" > Entropy </option> <option value="eesp" > Environmental and Earth Sciences Proceedings </option> <option value="environments" > Environments </option> <option value="epidemiologia" > Epidemiologia </option> <option value="epigenomes" > Epigenomes </option> <option value="ebj" > European Burn Journal (EBJ) </option> <option value="ejihpe" > European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education (EJIHPE) </option> <option value="fermentation" > Fermentation </option> <option value="fibers" > Fibers </option> <option value="fintech" > FinTech </option> <option value="fire" > Fire </option> <option value="fishes" > Fishes </option> <option value="fluids" > Fluids </option> <option value="foods" > Foods </option> <option value="forecasting" > Forecasting </option> <option value="forensicsci" > Forensic Sciences </option> <option value="forests" > Forests </option> <option value="fossstud" > Fossil Studies </option> <option value="foundations" > Foundations </option> <option value="fractalfract" > Fractal and Fractional (Fractal Fract) </option> <option value="fuels" > Fuels </option> <option value="future" > Future </option> <option value="futureinternet" > Future Internet </option> <option value="futurepharmacol" > Future Pharmacology </option> <option value="futuretransp" > Future Transportation </option> <option value="galaxies" > Galaxies </option> <option value="games" > Games </option> <option value="gases" > Gases </option> <option value="gastroent" > Gastroenterology Insights </option> <option value="gastrointestdisord" > Gastrointestinal Disorders </option> <option value="gastronomy" > Gastronomy </option> <option value="gels" > Gels </option> <option value="genealogy" > Genealogy </option> <option value="genes" > Genes </option> <option value="geographies" > Geographies </option> <option value="geohazards" > GeoHazards </option> <option value="geomatics" > Geomatics </option> <option value="geometry" > Geometry </option> <option value="geosciences" > Geosciences </option> <option value="geotechnics" > Geotechnics </option> <option value="geriatrics" > Geriatrics </option> <option value="glacies" > Glacies </option> <option value="gucdd" > Gout, Urate, and Crystal Deposition Disease (GUCDD) </option> <option value="grasses" > Grasses </option> <option value="greenhealth" > Green Health </option> <option value="hardware" > Hardware </option> <option value="healthcare" > Healthcare </option> <option value="hearts" > Hearts </option> <option value="hemato" > Hemato </option> <option value="hematolrep" > Hematology Reports </option> <option value="heritage" > Heritage </option> <option value="histories" > Histories </option> <option value="horticulturae" > Horticulturae </option> <option value="hospitals" > Hospitals </option> <option value="humanities" > Humanities </option> <option value="humans" > Humans </option> <option value="hydrobiology" > Hydrobiology </option> <option value="hydrogen" > Hydrogen </option> <option value="hydrology" > Hydrology </option> <option value="hygiene" > Hygiene </option> <option value="immuno" > Immuno </option> <option value="idr" > Infectious Disease Reports </option> <option value="informatics" > Informatics </option> <option value="information" > Information </option> <option value="infrastructures" > Infrastructures </option> <option value="inorganics" > Inorganics </option> <option value="insects" > Insects </option> <option value="instruments" > Instruments </option> <option value="iic" > Intelligent Infrastructure and Construction </option> <option value="ijerph" > International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (IJERPH) </option> <option value="ijfs" > International Journal of Financial Studies (IJFS) </option> <option value="ijms" > International Journal of Molecular Sciences (IJMS) </option> <option value="IJNS" > International Journal of Neonatal Screening (IJNS) </option> <option value="ijom" > International Journal of Orofacial Myology and Myofunctional Therapy (IJOM) </option> <option value="ijpb" > International Journal of Plant Biology (IJPB) </option> <option value="ijt" > International Journal of Topology </option> <option value="ijtm" > International Journal of Translational Medicine (IJTM) </option> <option value="ijtpp" > International Journal of Turbomachinery, Propulsion and Power (IJTPP) </option> <option value="ime" > International Medical Education (IME) </option> <option value="inventions" > Inventions </option> <option value="IoT" > IoT </option> <option value="ijgi" > ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information (IJGI) </option> <option value="J" > J </option> <option value="jal" > Journal of Ageing and Longevity (JAL) </option> <option value="jcdd" > Journal of Cardiovascular Development and Disease (JCDD) </option> <option value="jcto" > Journal of Clinical & Translational Ophthalmology (JCTO) </option> <option value="jcm" > Journal of Clinical Medicine (JCM) </option> <option value="jcs" > Journal of Composites Science (J. Compos. Sci.) </option> <option value="jcp" > Journal of Cybersecurity and Privacy (JCP) </option> <option value="jdad" > Journal of Dementia and Alzheimer's Disease (JDAD) </option> <option value="jdb" > Journal of Developmental Biology (JDB) </option> <option value="jeta" > Journal of Experimental and Theoretical Analyses (JETA) </option> <option value="jemr" > Journal of Eye Movement Research (JEMR) </option> <option value="jfb" > Journal of Functional Biomaterials (JFB) </option> <option value="jfmk" > Journal of Functional Morphology and Kinesiology (JFMK) </option> <option value="jof" > Journal of Fungi (JoF) </option> <option value="jimaging" > Journal of Imaging (J. Imaging) </option> <option value="jintelligence" > Journal of Intelligence (J. Intell.) </option> <option value="jlpea" > Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA) </option> <option value="jmmp" > Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP) </option> <option value="jmse" > Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE) </option> <option value="jmahp" > Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP) </option> <option value="jmms" > Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (JMMS) </option> <option value="jmp" > Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP) </option> <option value="jnt" > Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT) </option> <option value="jne" > Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE) </option> <option value="ohbm" > Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM) </option> <option value="jop" > Journal of Parks </option> <option value="jpm" > Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM) </option> <option value="jpbi" > Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI) </option> <option value="jor" > Journal of Respiration (JoR) </option> <option value="jrfm" > Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM) </option> <option value="jsan" > Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN) </option> <option value="joma" > Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA) </option> <option value="jtaer" > Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER) </option> <option value="jvd" > Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD) </option> <option value="jox" > Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX) </option> <option value="jzbg" > Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG) </option> <option value="journalmedia" > Journalism and Media </option> <option value="kidneydial" > Kidney and Dialysis </option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases" > Kinases and Phosphatases </option> <option value="knowledge" > Knowledge </option> <option value="labmed" > LabMed </option> <option value="laboratories" > Laboratories </option> <option value="land" > Land </option> <option value="languages" > Languages </option> 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value="nursrep" > Nursing Reports </option> <option value="nutraceuticals" > Nutraceuticals </option> <option value="nutrients" > Nutrients </option> <option value="obesities" > Obesities </option> <option value="oceans" > Oceans </option> <option value="onco" > Onco </option> <option value="optics" > Optics </option> <option value="oral" > Oral </option> <option value="organics" > Organics </option> <option value="organoids" > Organoids </option> <option value="osteology" > Osteology </option> <option value="oxygen" > Oxygen </option> <option value="parasitologia" > Parasitologia </option> <option value="particles" > Particles </option> <option value="pathogens" > Pathogens </option> <option value="pathophysiology" > Pathophysiology </option> <option value="pediatrrep" > Pediatric Reports </option> <option value="pets" > Pets </option> <option value="pharmaceuticals" > Pharmaceuticals </option> <option value="pharmaceutics" > Pharmaceutics </option> <option 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Med.) </option> <option value="resources" > Resources </option> <option value="rheumato" > Rheumato </option> <option value="risks" > Risks </option> <option value="robotics" > Robotics </option> <option value="ruminants" > Ruminants </option> <option value="safety" > Safety </option> <option value="sci" > Sci </option> <option value="scipharm" > Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.) </option> <option value="sclerosis" > Sclerosis </option> <option value="seeds" > Seeds </option> <option value="sensors" > Sensors </option> <option value="separations" > Separations </option> <option value="sexes" > Sexes </option> <option value="signals" > Signals </option> <option value="sinusitis" > Sinusitis </option> <option value="smartcities" > Smart Cities </option> <option value="socsci" > Social Sciences </option> <option value="siuj" > Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ) </option> <option value="societies" > Societies </option> <option value="software" > Software </option> <option value="soilsystems" > Soil Systems </option> <option value="solar" > Solar </option> <option value="solids" > Solids </option> <option value="spectroscj" > Spectroscopy Journal </option> <option value="sports" > Sports </option> <option value="standards" > Standards </option> <option value="stats" > Stats </option> <option value="stresses" > Stresses </option> <option 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class="title-story-orbit" data-orbit> <li > <a href="/2073-4344/14/12/915"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17387284653641.jpg?1739771134" alt="Last 20 Years Update of DPEDA-Based Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Reactions" /> <div class="orbit-caption"> <strong><em>Catalysts</em></strong><br/> Last 20 Years Update of DPEDA-Based Organocatalysts for Asymmetric Reactions </div> </a> </li> <li class="hidden"> <a href="/1718-7729/31/11/507"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17365142806621.jpg?1739771134" alt="Malignant Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis and Treatment&mdash;Up-to-Date Perspective" /> <div class="orbit-caption"> <strong><em>Current Oncology</em></strong><br/> Malignant Pleural Effusion: Diagnosis and Treatment—Up-to-Date Perspective </div> </a> </li> <li class="hidden"> <a href="/2076-2615/14/22/3275"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/title_story/title_story_17350935678655.jpg?1739771134" alt="Defining the Role of IgE Against 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no-border"> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 10 pages, 204 KiB   </span> <a href="/2077-1444/16/2/245/pdf?version=1739776283" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Public, Poor, and Promiscuous? Defining the Prostitute in Sixteenth-Century Zurich" data-journal="religions"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2077-1444/16/2/245">Public, Poor, and Promiscuous? Defining the Prostitute in Sixteenth-Century Zurich</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adrina Schulz</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Religions</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>16</em>(2), 245; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel16020245 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The impact of the Reformations, in Switzerland and elsewhere, on the regulation of sexuality has been extensively researched in recent decades. Laws against adultery and premarital fornication were strengthened and promulgated, leading to the decline of the late-medieval public brothel. However, the impact <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1444/16/2/245/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The impact of the Reformations, in Switzerland and elsewhere, on the regulation of sexuality has been extensively researched in recent decades. Laws against adultery and premarital fornication were strengthened and promulgated, leading to the decline of the late-medieval public brothel. However, the impact of these theological, legal, and institutional changes on the women who engaged in transactional or commercial sex outside of marriage has been harder to capture. Even the authorities’ definitions of such women remain difficult to pin down: were they viewed as promiscuous sinners to be punished, laborers in a dishonorable profession, poor vagrants to be exiled, or all or none of the above? This paper first discusses the historiography of prostitution to show how previous research terminology and definitions of the phenomenon are insufficient for the early modern context. It then analyses a case study from sixteenth-century Zurich in which different understandings about premodern prostitutes coexisted, intersected, and conflicted with the argument that these individuals were conceived of in terms of authorities’ fears rather than a specific set of characteristics. <a href="/2077-1444/16/2/245">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/religions/special_issues/Y98TQX18KE ">The Swiss Reformation 1525–2025: New Directions</a>)<br/> </div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 13 pages, 3956 KiB   </span> <a href="/2673-8007/5/1/21/pdf?version=1739771719" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Bacillus velezensis SM1: A Promising Biocontrol Solution for Phytophthora Durian Root Rot" data-journal="applmicrobiol"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2673-8007/5/1/21"><i>Bacillus velezensis</i> SM1: A Promising Biocontrol Solution for Phytophthora Durian Root Rot</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ashara Pengnoo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Usman Lohlaeh</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fadila Maduerehand</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chuthamard Kaewmano</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sudanai Krualee</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pimchana Wongpisal</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wipa Homhaul</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pawika Boonyapipat</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sukhumaporn Saeng-ngam</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Abbas Äkbärjan</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Vipaporn Phuntumart</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Appl. Microbiol.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>5</em>(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/applmicrobiol5010021 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Plant diseases, particularly root rot caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> species, pose a significant threat to plants. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic activity of a <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain (Bv-SM1) against <i>Phytophthora palmivora</i> isolates, NKST002 and CP002, which cause root rot in durian. In <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/5/1/21/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Plant diseases, particularly root rot caused by <i>Phytophthora</i> species, pose a significant threat to plants. In this study, we investigated the antagonistic activity of a <i>Bacillus velezensis</i> strain (Bv-SM1) against <i>Phytophthora palmivora</i> isolates, NKST002 and CP002, which cause root rot in durian. In vitro assays using dual-plate, pour-plate, and volatile organic compounds demonstrated a strong inhibition of <i>Phytophthora</i> mycelial growth by Bv-SM1. Phylogenomic analysis based on 1000 genes confirmed that Bv-SM1 is most closely related to <i>B. velezensis.</i> Genome analysis revealed the presence of key genes that contribute to biocontrol activity, including genes encoding cell wall-degrading enzymes (β-glucanase and cellulase) and siderophore production. Additionally, 13 biosynthetic gene clusters are responsible for the production of various antimicrobial compounds, such as fengycin, bacillaene, macrolactin, and bacilysin. These findings are the first to demonstrate the potential of Bv-SM1 as a promising biocontrol agent for managing <i>Phytophthora</i>-induced root rot in durian, with potential applications in other crops. <a href="/2673-8007/5/1/21">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/applmicrobiol/special_issues/K73289O27E ">Exclusive Papers Collection of Editorial Board Members and Invited Scholars in Applied Microbiology (2025)</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8007/5/1/21/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592630"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592630"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592630" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592630" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592630" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592630-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g001-550.jpg?1739771805" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592630" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592630-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g002-550.jpg?1739771808'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592630-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g003-550.jpg?1739771810'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592630-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g004-550.jpg?1739771814'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592630-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g005-550.jpg?1739771816'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592630-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g001-550.jpg?1739771805" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>A phylogenomic tree of <span class="html-italic">B. velezensis</span> SM1 (in red), inferred from the alignment of nucleotide and amino acid sequences of 1000 shared genes across 10 genomes each from <span class="html-italic">Bacillus subtilis</span> and <span class="html-italic">Bacillus velezensis</span>, generated using the BV-BRC Phylogenetic Tree Building tool. Bootstrap values are shown in black and branch lengths are represented in gray.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-8007/5/1/21'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g002-550.jpg?1739771808" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Bv-SM1 antagonistic activity against <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span>: (<b>A</b>) isolate NKST002 by dual culture; (<b>B</b>) by pour plate; (<b>C</b>) isolate CP002 by dual culture; (<b>D</b>) by pour plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-8007/5/1/21'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g003-550.jpg?1739771810" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Antagonistic activity of volatile organic compounds from Bv-SM1 against (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> NKST002 and (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> CP002.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-8007/5/1/21'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g004-550.jpg?1739771814" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Detached leaf assays of Bv-SM1 antagonistic activity against (<b>A</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> NKST002 without Bv-SM1; (<b>B</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> NKST002 treated with Bv-SM1; (<b>C</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> CP002 without Bv-SM1; (<b>D</b>) <span class="html-italic">P. palmivora</span> CP002 treated with Bv-SM1.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-8007/5/1/21'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applmicrobiol/applmicrobiol-05-00021/article_deploy/html/images/applmicrobiol-05-00021-g005-550.jpg?1739771816" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>AntiSMASH output of biosynthetic gene clusters detected in the draft genome assembly of Bv-SM1.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2673-8007/5/1/21'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592656" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592656" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592656" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2304-8158/14/4/674/s1?version=1739774191"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 164 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 17 pages, 4469 KiB   </span> <a href="/2304-8158/14/4/674/pdf?version=1739774190" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Curdlan Incorporation Enhances the Cooking, Rheological, and Textural Attributes of Thermally Sterilized Rice Noodles" data-journal="foods"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2304-8158/14/4/674">Curdlan Incorporation Enhances the Cooking, Rheological, and Textural Attributes of Thermally Sterilized Rice Noodles</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jing Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yongxin Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qingjie Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Man Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yanfei Wang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fengwei Xie</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Foods</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>14</em>(4), 674; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14040674 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Thermal treatment of rice starch, which is the main ingredient in rice noodles and has cooling-set gelling behavior, can disrupt hydrogen bonding, leading to a compromised gel structure. This can lead to a softer texture and reduced textural attributes and cooking characteristics of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/4/674/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Thermal treatment of rice starch, which is the main ingredient in rice noodles and has cooling-set gelling behavior, can disrupt hydrogen bonding, leading to a compromised gel structure. This can lead to a softer texture and reduced textural attributes and cooking characteristics of rice noodles. This study investigated how thermal sterilization and curdlan integration affect the rheological characteristics, microstructure, and quality of rice noodles. Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, kinetic analysis, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) confirmed that the incorporation of curdlan, a thermally set polysaccharide gel, enhances hydrogen bonding, accelerates gel formation, and yields a denser gel structure to rice noodles. This enhancement improves solid-like behavior, storage modulus, textural properties, and cooking characteristics. Compared to pure rice noodles subjected to thermal sterilization, rice noodles incorporating 2.0% curdlan showed reductions of 74.71% in cooking breakage rate and 68.18% in cooking loss rate. Conversely, hardness and springiness increased by 19.82% and 18.75%, respectively. This study offers valuable insights for developing high-quality fresh rice noodles. <a href="/2304-8158/14/4/674">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/foods/special_issues/CWTCT81IYV ">Natural Polymer-Based Films and Coatings for Food Packaging</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/4/674/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592656"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592656"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592656" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592656" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592656" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-ag-550.jpg?1739774316" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1592656" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g001-550.jpg?1739774282'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002a-550.jpg?1739774284'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002b-550.jpg?1739774290'><p>Figure 2 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002c-550.jpg?1739774292'><p>Figure 2 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g003-550.jpg?1739774296'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g004a-550.jpg?1739774298'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g004b-550.jpg?1739774301'><p>Figure 4 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g005-550.jpg?1739774303'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g006-550.jpg?1739774310'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592656-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g007-550.jpg?1739774313'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592656-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-ag-550.jpg?1739774316" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g001-550.jpg?1739774282" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Storage modulus (<span class="html-italic">G</span>′, denoted by squares) and loss modulus (<span class="html-italic">G</span>″, denoted by circles) as a function of frequency (<span class="html-italic">ω</span>) for rice flour gels with different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>). The data was obtained from a frequency sweep analysis of the <span class="html-italic">G</span>′ and <span class="html-italic">G</span>″ of the sample structure at different frequencies.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002a-550.jpg?1739774284" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Temperature- and time-dependent curves of <span class="html-italic">SDR</span><sub>a</sub> (average structure developing rate denoted by red) and <span class="html-italic">G</span>′ (storage modulus denoted by black) (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>a<sub>5</sub></b>) and time-dependent <span class="html-italic">v</span><sub>g</sub> (instant structure developing rate) curves (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>b<sub>5</sub></b>) for rice flour gels incorporating different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD. Structural schematic representation of rice flour gel with CD (<b>c</b>). The analysis results of gel formation kinetics characterize the formation process of rice flour gel from multiple perspectives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002b-550.jpg?1739774290" title=" <strong>Figure 2 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Temperature- and time-dependent curves of <span class="html-italic">SDR</span><sub>a</sub> (average structure developing rate denoted by red) and <span class="html-italic">G</span>′ (storage modulus denoted by black) (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>a<sub>5</sub></b>) and time-dependent <span class="html-italic">v</span><sub>g</sub> (instant structure developing rate) curves (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>b<sub>5</sub></b>) for rice flour gels incorporating different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD. Structural schematic representation of rice flour gel with CD (<b>c</b>). The analysis results of gel formation kinetics characterize the formation process of rice flour gel from multiple perspectives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g002c-550.jpg?1739774292" title=" <strong>Figure 2 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Temperature- and time-dependent curves of <span class="html-italic">SDR</span><sub>a</sub> (average structure developing rate denoted by red) and <span class="html-italic">G</span>′ (storage modulus denoted by black) (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>a<sub>5</sub></b>) and time-dependent <span class="html-italic">v</span><sub>g</sub> (instant structure developing rate) curves (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>–<b>b<sub>5</sub></b>) for rice flour gels incorporating different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD. Structural schematic representation of rice flour gel with CD (<b>c</b>). The analysis results of gel formation kinetics characterize the formation process of rice flour gel from multiple perspectives.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g003-550.jpg?1739774296" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>SAXS patterns for rice noodles containing different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD without (<b>a<sub>1</sub></b>,<b>a<sub>2</sub></b>) and with sterilization (<b>b<sub>1</sub></b>,<b>b<sub>2</sub></b>). SAXS analyzes the fractal structure and lamellar ordered structure of rice noodles. <span class="html-italic">I</span> represents the intensity of the SAXS signal, and <span class="html-italic">q</span> denotes the scattering vector.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g004a-550.jpg?1739774298" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Textural characteristics (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness) of unsterilized and sterilized rice noodles incorporating different proportions of CD (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) (<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>). The texture tests evaluate the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of rice noodles under the TPA mode. Significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) of textural data for rice noodle samples without and with sterilization are respectively indicated by different lowercase letters (a–d) or by using different uppercase letters (A–E).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g004b-550.jpg?1739774301" title=" <strong>Figure 4 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Textural characteristics (hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness) of unsterilized and sterilized rice noodles incorporating different proportions of CD (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) (<b>a</b>–<b>e</b>). The texture tests evaluate the hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness of rice noodles under the TPA mode. Significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) of textural data for rice noodle samples without and with sterilization are respectively indicated by different lowercase letters (a–d) or by using different uppercase letters (A–E).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g005-550.jpg?1739774303" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>FTIR curves of unsterilized (<b>a</b>) and sterilized (<b>b</b>) rice noodles containing different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD. The changes of hydrogen bond characteristic peaks of different rice noodle samples were analyzed by FTIR results.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g006-550.jpg?1739774310" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>SEM images of unsterilized and sterilized rice noodles incorporating different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD. The cross-section morphology of rice noodles gel samples at 500× was observed by SEM.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/foods/foods-14-00674/article_deploy/html/images/foods-14-00674-g007-550.jpg?1739774313" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Sensory evaluation scores (appearance score, odor score, taste score, and palatability score) of unsterilized and sterilized rice noodles incorporating different proportions (0%, 0.1%, 0.5%, 1.0%, and 2.0%) of CD (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>). The sensory quality of rice noodles gel samples can be quantified by sensory evaluation tests. Significant differences (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05) of sensory evaluation scores for rice noodle samples without and with sterilization are respectively indicated by different lowercase letters (a,b) or by using different uppercase letters (A–D).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2304-8158/14/4/674'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592690" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592690" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592690" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2076-2607/13/2/433/s1?version=1739776287"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 872 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 2072 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-2607/13/2/433/pdf?version=1739776286" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Metagenomic Insights into the Abundance of Iron-Reducing Microorganisms in a Petroleum-Contaminated Iron-Rich Aquifer" data-journal="microorganisms"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-2607/13/2/433">Metagenomic Insights into the Abundance of Iron-Reducing Microorganisms in a Petroleum-Contaminated Iron-Rich Aquifer</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>He Di</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Min Zhang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhuo Ning</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Changli Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ze He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuaiwei Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Siyu Kong</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuang Gan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weichao Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhe Xu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jinjin Ti</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Microorganisms</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(2), 433; https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms13020433 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> In petroleum-contaminated aquifers, iron (III) serves as an electron acceptor, enabling microbial degradation of organic matter. While previous studies have focused on iron reduction and organic matter degradation under laboratory conditions, research on iron-associated microorganisms in petroleum-contaminated aquifers is limited. To explore the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/433/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> In petroleum-contaminated aquifers, iron (III) serves as an electron acceptor, enabling microbial degradation of organic matter. While previous studies have focused on iron reduction and organic matter degradation under laboratory conditions, research on iron-associated microorganisms in petroleum-contaminated aquifers is limited. To explore the diversity and distribution of such microorganisms in natural settings, this study used metagenomic analysis of an iron-rich, petroleum-contaminated aquifer. Sixteen groundwater samples from both pollution source and background areas were collected for species annotation and functional gene identification. Results show more than 7000 species were identified as iron-reducing microorganisms (IRMs), including several previously well-characterized iron-reducing species (e.g., <i>Geobacter luticola</i> and <i>Geobacter sulfurreducens</i>). However, the majority of IRMs were not found in existing iron-reducing microbial databases. Some of them, such as <i>Sulfurospirillum</i> sp. and <i>Extensimonas perlucida</i>, could be taxonomically classified at the species level, while most were only annotated as unclassified bacteria. In the contamination source zone, these microorganisms proliferated extensively, which led to hydrocarbon degradation predominantly driven by iron reduction in the aquifer. This study enhances our understanding of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms and supports the management of petroleum-contaminated sites. <a href="/2076-2607/13/2/433">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Topic <a href="/topics/Q84W3YI9N0">Transport, Transformation and Cycling of Elements in Water and Soil and Their Response to Human Activities</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/433/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592690"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592690"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592690" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592690" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592690" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g001-550.jpg?1739776388" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592690" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g002-550.jpg?1739776389'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g003-550.jpg?1739776390'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g004-550.jpg?1739776391'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g005-550.jpg?1739776392'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g006a-550.jpg?1739776393'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g006b-550.jpg?1739776394'><p>Figure 6 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592690-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g007-550.jpg?1739776396'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592690-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g001-550.jpg?1739776388" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The sketch map of groundwater flow and sampling locations. The blue arrow donates the groundwater flow direction. The dots represent the sampling locations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g002-550.jpg?1739776389" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Correlation analysis between major pollutants and environmental factors. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), while the double asterisk (**) indicates a highly significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g003-550.jpg?1739776390" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Abundance of various iron-related genes (<b>A</b>), boxplot of total iron gene abundance in different groups (<b>B</b>). The relative abundance of genes is expressed as reads per million (RPM) of annotated enzyme reads. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant difference between the two groups (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g004-550.jpg?1739776391" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Principal Coordinate Analysis (PCoA) of Microbial Community Composition Across Sampling Areas. The circles represent confidence ellipses for different sample groups in the PCoA plot.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g005-550.jpg?1739776392" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Correlation analysis between Gene abundance and environmental factors. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), while the double asterisk (**) indicates a highly significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g006a-550.jpg?1739776393" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The microbial community abundance chart of the iron-reducing gene population (<b>A</b>) and the relative proportion chart of microorganisms in the iron-reducing gene population compared to the total microbial community (<b>B</b>) illustrate the relative proportions of different microbial species associated with the iron-reducing gene population in the samples. These proportions are calculated as the ratio of the incomplete reads annotated to microorganisms in the iron-reducing gene population to the total microbial reads in the sample, multiplied by 1,000,000. The unit is reads per million (RPM). Since the annotated microbial reads represent only a fragmentary collection of sequences for these microorganisms, the resulting ratio is smaller than the proportion of iron-reducing gene population genes to the total microbial population genes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g006b-550.jpg?1739776394" title=" <strong>Figure 6 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>The microbial community abundance chart of the iron-reducing gene population (<b>A</b>) and the relative proportion chart of microorganisms in the iron-reducing gene population compared to the total microbial community (<b>B</b>) illustrate the relative proportions of different microbial species associated with the iron-reducing gene population in the samples. These proportions are calculated as the ratio of the incomplete reads annotated to microorganisms in the iron-reducing gene population to the total microbial reads in the sample, multiplied by 1,000,000. The unit is reads per million (RPM). Since the annotated microbial reads represent only a fragmentary collection of sequences for these microorganisms, the resulting ratio is smaller than the proportion of iron-reducing gene population genes to the total microbial population genes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/microorganisms/microorganisms-13-00433/article_deploy/html/images/microorganisms-13-00433-g007-550.jpg?1739776396" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Correlation Heatmap Between Microbial Species and Environmental Factors. The asterisk (*) indicates a significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05), while the double asterisk (**) indicates a highly significant correlation (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2607/13/2/433'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 15 pages, 1115 KiB   </span> <a href="/1424-8247/18/2/264/pdf?version=1739776624" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Effects of Echinacea (EP107TM) on Anxiety: A Comparison of Anxiety Measures in a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study" data-journal="pharmaceuticals"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1424-8247/18/2/264">The Effects of <i>Echinacea</i> (EP107<sup>TM</sup>) on Anxiety: A Comparison of Anxiety Measures in a Randomized, Double Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>József Haller</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gábor Faludi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gábor Kovacs</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>György Purebl</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zoltán Füzesi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tamás F. Freund</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Pharmaceuticals</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>18</em>(2), 264; https://doi.org/10.3390/ph18020264 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Echinacea</i> extracts with unique alkamide profiles (EP107™) have been shown to affect upper respiratory tract infections and reduce anxiety in both animals and humans. However, a recent study found that a similar extract did not reduce anxiety more than a placebo, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/264/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background/Objectives</b>: <i>Echinacea</i> extracts with unique alkamide profiles (EP107™) have been shown to affect upper respiratory tract infections and reduce anxiety in both animals and humans. However, a recent study found that a similar extract did not reduce anxiety more than a placebo, although it did enhance well-being and produced antidepressant-like effects. We hypothesized that the discrepancy arose from the differences in the anxiety assessment methods used. The study that observed no effects used the Clinically Useful Anxiety Outcome Scale, which focuses on physical symptoms, while earlier studies used the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, which focuses on psychic symptoms. <b>Methods</b>: To investigate the influence of the anxiety measure on the detectability of anxiolytic effects, we examined the effects of <i>Echinacea</i> EP107<sup>TM</sup> using the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–anxiety subscale (HADS-A), which focuses on psychic symptoms, and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A), most items of which involve physical symptoms. The study was placebo-controlled, double-blind, and multicenter. <b>Results</b>: The extract significantly alleviated anxiety compared to placebo when measured with HADS-A. HAM-A total scores did not show significant treatment effects. However, <i>Echinacea</i> was superior to placebo in three psychic anxiety items on the HAM-A. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings suggest that <i>Echinacea</i> EP107TM reduces psychic anxiety without affecting somatic symptoms. This indicates that the extract may be useful in mild or early-phase anxiety when somatic symptoms are not prominent. <a href="/1424-8247/18/2/264">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/pharmaceuticals/special_issues/GEZ51JU838 ">Discovery of Novel Antidepressants and Anxiolytics</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/18/2/264/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592693"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592693"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592693" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592693" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592693" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592693-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g001-550.jpg?1739776705" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592693" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592693-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g002-550.jpg?1739776708'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592693-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g003-550.jpg?1739776710'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592693-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g004-550.jpg?1739776712'><p>Figure 4</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592693-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g001-550.jpg?1739776705" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Structural similarities between the endocannabinoid anandamide and <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> alkamides. Examples of <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> alkamides are shown; all <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> alkamides have highly similar structures. For more information on the alkamide structure and their presence in various plants, see Boonen et al. 2012 [<a href="#B12-pharmaceuticals-18-00264" class="html-bibr">12</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8247/18/2/264'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g002-550.jpg?1739776708" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The impact of <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> EP107™ on HADS-A scores. (<b>A</b>) HADS-A scores over the experimental period. Both treatments reduced anxiety compared to the randomization visit, though the effects of <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> were faster and more pronounced. Notably, ANCOVA was performed on raw data; differences from the randomization visit are shown for clarity. (<b>B</b>,<b>C</b>) Anxiety state of participants on the randomization day and on the 28th day of the treatment. Anxiety states were determined using established cutoff scores (see Methods). For further explanations, see the text. <span class="html-italic">D</span>, study day; <span class="html-italic">R</span>, randomization visit; <span class="html-italic">S</span>, screening visit; #, significant <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span>/placebo difference; *, significant difference from randomization visit within the same group (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 at least).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8247/18/2/264'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g003-550.jpg?1739776710" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The impact of <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> EP107™ on HAM-A scores. (<b>A</b>) HAM-A scores over the treatment period. (<b>B</b>–<b>D</b>) Exploratory analyses revealed that three psychic anxiety items of the HAM-A showed larger improvements in the EP107<sup>TM</sup>-<span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span> group compared to the placebo group. <span class="html-italic">D</span>, day of the study; <span class="html-italic">R</span>, randomization visit; <span class="html-italic">S</span>, screening visit; #, significant <span class="html-italic">Echinacea</span>/placebo difference; *, within-group significant difference from randomization visit (<span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05 at least).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8247/18/2/264'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/pharmaceuticals/pharmaceuticals-18-00264/article_deploy/html/images/pharmaceuticals-18-00264-g004-550.jpg?1739776712" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The design of the study. Left-hand panel: timing of assessments. Right-hand panel: number of participants over the phases of the study. Abbreviations: BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; CGI, Clinical Global Impression; FUI, follow-up interview; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale–Anxiety subscale; HAM-A, Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale; MINI, MINI-International Neuro-psychiatric Interview; PSS, Perceived Stress Scale. ‘Withdrawn’ denotes participants who withdrew consent to participate in the study. Note that the HADS-A is a self-report instrument, administered repeatedly, while the HAM-A is a clinician-administered instrument, completed only during visits to the study sites. The validity of home-administered HADS-A assessments was studied on study days R and 2, as well as days 14 and 16, where the same inventory was completed both at the clinic and at home at two-day intervals.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1424-8247/18/2/264'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592692" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592692" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592692" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4441/17/4/572/s1?version=1739776598"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 78 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 3362 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4441/17/4/572/pdf?version=1739776597" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Assessment and Seasonal Monitoring of Groundwater Quality in Landfill-Affected Regions of China: Findings from Xiangyang" data-journal="water"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4441/17/4/572">Assessment and Seasonal Monitoring of Groundwater Quality in Landfill-Affected Regions of China: Findings from Xiangyang</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Juan Du</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wenbing Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qi Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>You Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xiang Wan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anan Zhu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zhenzhu He</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Rajendra Prasad Shrestha</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Amar Razzaq</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Water</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>17</em>(4), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/w17040572 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Groundwater pollution in landfill-adjacent regions presents a critical environmental and public health issue. This study evaluates groundwater quality in Xiangyang City, focusing on drinking water sources and key pollution points near landfill sites. The investigation involved a comprehensive field survey, systematic sampling, and <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/4/572/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Groundwater pollution in landfill-adjacent regions presents a critical environmental and public health issue. This study evaluates groundwater quality in Xiangyang City, focusing on drinking water sources and key pollution points near landfill sites. The investigation involved a comprehensive field survey, systematic sampling, and laboratory analysis to determine pollutant types, sources, and concentrations. A total of 13 landfill sites were examined, with 178 groundwater samples analyzed for physical, chemical, and biological indicators during both wet and dry seasons. The findings reveal that 27.0% of groundwater samples meet Class I standards, while 46.1% and 27.0% fall into Class IV and V categories, respectively, indicating a significant prevalence of poor-quality groundwater. Seasonal variations were observed, with both wet and dry seasons showing consistent distributions of Class I, IV, and V samples. Heavy metals such as lead and arsenic, along with organic pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls and pesticides (e.g., hexachlorobenzene), were significant contaminants in several sites. Key indicators such as nitrate, ammonia nitrogen, manganese, and total hardness consistently exceeded standard limits, with the most affected sites including L4 and L5 in Xiangyang. This study identifies leachate infiltration as the primary cause of pollution, exacerbated by geological and agricultural non-point sources. Based on these findings, a robust framework for monitoring and controlling groundwater pollution is proposed, emphasizing stricter regulations, advanced monitoring systems, and cross-regional coordination. The results underscore the urgency of immediate intervention to safeguard groundwater quality in landfill-adjacent regions. <a href="/2073-4441/17/4/572">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/water/special_issues/8D25W82FMQ ">Ecohydrological Processes, Environmental Effects, and Integrated Regulation of Wetland Ecosystems, 3rd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/17/4/572/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592692"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592692"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592692" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592692" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592692" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592692-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g001-550.jpg?1739776706" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592692" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592692-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g002-550.jpg?1739776710'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592692-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g003-550.jpg?1739776711'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592692-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g004-550.jpg?1739776713'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592692-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g005-550.jpg?1739776714'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592692-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g001-550.jpg?1739776706" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Monthly precipitation in Xiangyang City.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/17/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g002-550.jpg?1739776710" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Location of study area. (<b>b</b>) Distribution of landfill and groundwater drinking water sources in Xiangyang City.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/17/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g003-550.jpg?1739776711" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Locations of the monitoring wells across the landfill sites.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/17/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g004-550.jpg?1739776713" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Groundwater samples with Class V in the wet season near landfill sites in Xiangyang City.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/17/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/water/water-17-00572/article_deploy/html/images/water-17-00572-g005-550.jpg?1739776714" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Proportion of Class V groundwater samples during the dry season in the landfill sites in Xiangyang City.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4441/17/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 37 pages, 544 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-8954/13/2/123/pdf?version=1739776564" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Digital Transformation for Sustainability in Industry 4.0: Alleviating the Corporate Digital Divide and Enhancing Supply Chain Collaboration" data-journal="systems"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-8954/13/2/123">Digital Transformation for Sustainability in Industry 4.0: Alleviating the Corporate Digital Divide and Enhancing Supply Chain Collaboration</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Qi Li</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Weijian Tian</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hua Zhang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Systems</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(2), 123; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020123 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The swift advancement of digital technologies under Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed business operations and supply chain management. These advancements hold the potential to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and foster sustainable development; however, they also create challenges due to the uneven adoption of <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/123/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The swift advancement of digital technologies under Industry 4.0 has significantly transformed business operations and supply chain management. These advancements hold the potential to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and foster sustainable development; however, they also create challenges due to the uneven adoption of digital technologies across enterprises. (1) Background: The adoption of digital technologies across supply chains is uneven, resulting in a digital divide between enterprises. This disparity disrupts supply chain collaboration and alignment with sustainable practices. (2) Methods: This research examines how the corporate digital divide affects the supply–demand imbalance by employing a quantitative method to identify obstacles and strategies for improving collaboration. This research employs a quantitative approach, specifically multiple regression analysis, to investigate how the digital divide among enterprises affects the supply–demand imbalance and to identify strategies for overcoming collaboration barriers. The research utilizes firm-level data from the Chinese stock market and accounting research databases and performs robustness checks, including methods such as the instrumental variable approach and the Heckman two-stage model, to ensure the validity of the findings. (3) Results: The study finds that the corporate digital divide exacerbates imbalances in both upstream and downstream chains. Elevating supply chain resilience has effectively alleviated this relationship. Specifically, the strengthening of resource resilience and process resilience has effectively alleviated the impact of the corporate digital divide on the supply–demand imbalance in the upstream supply chain, while the enhancement of system resilience and product resilience has effectively mitigated the impact of the corporate digital divide on the supply–demand imbalance in the downstream supply chain. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the impact of the digital divide in supply chain enterprises on supply–demand imbalance varies under different conditions of network centrality, supply chain concentration, government digital focus, and enterprise nature. (4) Conclusions: To foster sustainability in Industry 4.0, enterprises must bridge the corporate digital divide and enhance supply chain collaboration. It is recommended to mitigate upstream supply chain disruptions caused by the digital divide by improving resource and process resilience while alleviating downstream impacts through strengthened system and product resilience. Furthermore, fostering collaborative digital development among enterprises is essential for optimizing supply chain sustainability. <a href="/2079-8954/13/2/123">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/systems/special_issues/X2KH1O1N63 ">Sustainable Business Model Innovation in the Era of Industry 4.0</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/123/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592673-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-13-00123/article_deploy/html/images/systems-13-00123-g001-550.jpg?1739776705" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1592673-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-13-00123/article_deploy/html/images/systems-13-00123-g001-550.jpg?1739776705" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Research model.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-8954/13/2/123'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 23 pages, 4221 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4433/16/2/225/pdf?version=1739774483" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Cadmium Pollution on Human Health: A Narrative Review" data-journal="atmosphere"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4433/16/2/225">Effects of Cadmium Pollution on Human Health: A Narrative Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yunxi Yang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammad Farooque Hassan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Waseem Ali</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Hui Zou</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Zongping Liu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yonggang Ma</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Atmosphere</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>16</em>(2), 225; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020225 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental and industrial toxin that poses significant health risks. It readily moves through soil–plant systems, leading to global contamination and human exposure through diet, smoking, and pollution. The main purpose of this review is to explore the effect <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/2/225/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Cadmium (Cd) is a pervasive environmental and industrial toxin that poses significant health risks. It readily moves through soil–plant systems, leading to global contamination and human exposure through diet, smoking, and pollution. The main purpose of this review is to explore the effect of Cd on physiological processes of different bodies’ organs, including the bones, kidneys, and liver, as well as the immune, cerebrovascular, cardiovascular, and reproductive systems. Accumulation of Cd in the body can result in poisoning with severe impacts on bone and kidney health, as well as reduced bone mineral density due to renal damage. Research has linked Cd to lung cancer and pulmonary toxicity, and elevated urinary biomarkers suggest compromised renal function. Cd also affects the cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and immune systems; the liver; and reproductive systems, contributing to various diseases by disrupting blood pressure and calcium regulation, causing oxidative stress and DNA damage, and impairing cell functions. Ongoing research is essential to fully understand Cd-induced toxicological effects and to develop effective interventions to prevent exposure and mitigate health risks. <a href="/2073-4433/16/2/225">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/atmosphere/special_issues/9663ESJ5D7 ">Development in Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/16/2/225/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592662"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592662"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592662" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592662" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592662" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g001-550.jpg?1739774608" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592662" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g002-550.jpg?1739774610'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g003-550.jpg?1739774611'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g004-550.jpg?1739774612'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g005-550.jpg?1739774616'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592662-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g006-550.jpg?1739774617'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592662-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g001-550.jpg?1739774608" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>The influence of Cd exposure on pulmonary function decline, autophagy activation, and apoptosis elevation in COPD patients.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g002-550.jpg?1739774610" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Impact of Cd on bone health leading to osteoporosis: The figure includes images of normal compact bone and osteoporotic spongy bone, and it lists symptoms such as height loss, back pain, stooped posture, bone fractures without major trauma, and bone or joint pain.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g003-550.jpg?1739774611" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Activation of Kupffer cells and macrophages due to Cd exposure in pubertal mice: Cd exposure activates Kupffer cells (M1) and macrophages (M2), releasing both anti-inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. The signaling pathways involve NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1, which regulate pro-inflammatory cytokines. Additionally, MCP1 plays a role in the recruitment and activation of macrophages. The presence of pubertal mice in this study provides a model to investigate these processes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g004-550.jpg?1739774612" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Impact of Cd on kidney cells and mitochondrial function. This figure illustrates the pathways through which Cd affects kidney cells, focusing on mitochondrial dysfunction. Cd exposure leads to increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), disruption of the electron transport system (ETS), and insufficient antioxidant response, resulting in decreased ATP production and mitochondrial fission. Genetic interactions include PGC-1α activation by Sirt1 and FOX-3, while mitochondrial biogenesis is reduced. The figure also shows the processes of replacing damaged mtDNA, increased apoptosis due to severe mitochondrial damage, and mitophagy for removing damaged mitochondria.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g005-550.jpg?1739774616" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Exposure to Cd has pro-inflammatory and pro-oxidative effects on neutrophils and macrophages. It leads to an increase in inflammatory cytokines and chemokines, resulting in the recruitment of neutrophils and macrophages as well as tissue damage. Cd also up-regulates caspase 3, leading to cell apoptosis. Additionally, it elevates the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX2), matrix metallopeptidases (MMPs), leukotriene B4 (LTB4), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFkB), activator protein 1 (AP-1), macrophage inflammatory protein 2-alpha (MIP-2), interleukin 6 (IL-6), interleukin 8 (IL-8), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-a), and interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/atmosphere/atmosphere-16-00225/article_deploy/html/images/atmosphere-16-00225-g006-550.jpg?1739774617" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The diagram specific cellular pathways and nuclear interactions associated with Cd. It includes annotations such as active ATPase transporter (AT), passive channel or carrier (PC), G-protein-coupled estrogen receptor-30 (GPR30), G-protein (G), metallothionein (MT), glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and endoplasmic reticulum (ER).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4433/16/2/225'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 30 pages, 23922 KiB   </span> <a href="/2072-666X/16/2/227/pdf?version=1739776028" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Influence of Contour Form Geometric Features and the Number of Cutting Passes on the Surface Quality Characteristics and Critical Points of Cutting Tools Fabricated by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM)" data-journal="micromachines"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2072-666X/16/2/227">The Influence of Contour Form Geometric Features and the Number of Cutting Passes on the Surface Quality Characteristics and Critical Points of Cutting Tools Fabricated by Wire Electrical Discharge Machining (WEDM)</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Amir Alinaghizadeh</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Bahman Azarhoushang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mohammadjafar Hadad</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Micromachines</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>16</em>(2), 227; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi16020227 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Since one of the effective methods for producing the form-cutting tools used in the form-turning process involves utilizing a wire cut machine, the effect of the geometric characteristics of the form contour on reducing the negative effects of the recast layer was investigated <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/2/227/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Since one of the effective methods for producing the form-cutting tools used in the form-turning process involves utilizing a wire cut machine, the effect of the geometric characteristics of the form contour on reducing the negative effects of the recast layer was investigated in this research. The basic assumption of the components for each type of profile form is based on a combination of four modes, i.e., concave arc, convex arc, flat surface, and oblique surface. Based on this, samples were fabricated as cutting tools with three different radii: a convex arc, a concave arc, and a flat surface. During the wire electrical discharge machining (WEDM) operation, one-pass mode was used to create a rough surface, two passes resulted in a semi-finished surface, and three passes resulted in a finished surface. Furthermore, the difference between the surface quality of the recast layer in the two areas above the workpiece or the wire entry point and the bottom area of the workpiece or the wire exit point was studied. Finally, the effect of the direction, size of the curvature and the number of passes in the electric discharge process of the wire on the recast layer was shown, and it was observed that with the increase in the number of passes in WEDM, the thickness of the recast layer was reduced, along with the uniformity of the cutting contour section in the areas close to the cutting region. The entry of the wire was greater than that in the areas near the exit of the wire. <a href="/2072-666X/16/2/227">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/micromachines/special_issues/C9LH9VG336 ">Recent Advances in Micro/Nanofabrication, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2072-666X/16/2/227/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592687"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592687"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592687" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592687" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592687" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g001-550.jpg?1739776104" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592687" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g002-550.jpg?1739776107'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g003a-550.jpg?1739776108'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g003b-550.jpg?1739776110'><p>Figure 3 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g004-550.jpg?1739776112'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g005-550.jpg?1739776113'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g006-550.jpg?1739776115'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g007-550.jpg?1739776120'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g008a-550.jpg?1739776121'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g008b-550.jpg?1739776122'><p>Figure 8 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g009-550.jpg?1739776123'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g010-550.jpg?1739776124'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g011-550.jpg?1739776125'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g012-550.jpg?1739776127'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g013-550.jpg?1739776128'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g014-550.jpg?1739776129'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g015-550.jpg?1739776130'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='17' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g016-550.jpg?1739776131'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='18' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g017-550.jpg?1739776133'><p>Figure 17</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='19' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g018-550.jpg?1739776134'><p>Figure 18</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='20' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g019-550.jpg?1739776135'><p>Figure 19</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='21' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g020-550.jpg?1739776137'><p>Figure 20</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='22' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g021-550.jpg?1739776139'><p>Figure 21</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='23' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g022-550.jpg?1739776141'><p>Figure 22</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='24' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g023-550.jpg?1739776143'><p>Figure 23</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='25' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g024-550.jpg?1739776145'><p>Figure 24</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='26' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g025-550.jpg?1739776145'><p>Figure 25</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='27' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g026-550.jpg?1739776148'><p>Figure 26</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='28' data-target='article-1592687-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g027-550.jpg?1739776151'><p>Figure 27</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592687-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g001-550.jpg?1739776104" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>An example of a form-cutting tool, resulting from the combination of different geometric components.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g002-550.jpg?1739776107" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>The machine used in the WEDM process and the seven contours considered to represent the cutting edge of the tool (named from A to I) and process parameters for one-, two-, and three-pass strategies.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g003a-550.jpg?1739776108" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Common methods (<b>a</b>) Grinding, (<b>b</b>) profile grinding and (<b>c</b>) electric discharge by wire to produce the form-cutting tool shown in <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g003b-550.jpg?1739776110" title=" <strong>Figure 3 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Common methods (<b>a</b>) Grinding, (<b>b</b>) profile grinding and (<b>c</b>) electric discharge by wire to produce the form-cutting tool shown in <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f001" class="html-fig">Figure 1</a>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g004-550.jpg?1739776112" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) SEM microscope used with features specification and (<b>b</b>) Test samples with different curvatures in terms of direction (convexity and concavity) and size.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g005-550.jpg?1739776113" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Selected directions for SEM imaging.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g006-550.jpg?1739776115" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Three-dimensional measurement of the sample surface by confocal scanning method and (<b>b</b>) Measurement range on the test sample with concave curvature.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g007-550.jpg?1739776120" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>SEM images of cutting tools of various forms (samples B, E and H, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>), based on the geometric characteristics and the number of different cutting passes.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g008a-550.jpg?1739776121" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The length of the contact segment between the wire and the surface of the workpiece for samples with (<b>a</b>) convex and (<b>b</b>) concave surfaces with large and small radii [<a href="#B33-micromachines-16-00227" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g008b-550.jpg?1739776122" title=" <strong>Figure 8 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>The length of the contact segment between the wire and the surface of the workpiece for samples with (<b>a</b>) convex and (<b>b</b>) concave surfaces with large and small radii [<a href="#B33-micromachines-16-00227" class="html-bibr">33</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g009-550.jpg?1739776123" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Contour color spectrometry to compare the cut samples with a small radius convex surface through the process of electric discharge with wire in three states: rough, semi-finished, and finished (Sample I according to the naming of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g010-550.jpg?1739776124" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Contour color spectrometry to compare the cut samples with a medium-radius convex surface, produced through an electric discharge process by wire in three states: roughing, semi-finishing and finishing (Sample H, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g011-550.jpg?1739776125" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Contour color spectrometry for comparison of cut samples with concave surface with medium radius, produced through an electric discharge process with wire in three states: roughing, semi-finishing and finishing (Sample B, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g012-550.jpg?1739776127" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Contour color spectrometry for comparison of flat-cut samples, produced through wire electrical discharge process in three states: roughing, semi-finishing and finishing (Sample E, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g013-550.jpg?1739776128" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of surface profile anisotropy of flat-cut samples, produced through wire electrical discharge process in three states: roughing, semi-finishing, and finishing (Sample E, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g014-550.jpg?1739776129" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Contour color spectrometry for comparison of flat and convex-curved cut samples with small, medium, and large radii produced through electrical discharge process by wire in roughing condition or one pass (samples I, H, G, and E, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g015-550.jpg?1739776130" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>The diagram of the influence of the radius of curvature on the surface roughness with the Rz criterion (for samples with different geometric profiles and three electrical discharge methods in terms of the number of cutting passes).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g016-550.jpg?1739776131" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>The graph of the influence of the radius of curvature of the samples on the surface roughness with the Rz criterion according to the number of passes in the WEDM process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g017-550.jpg?1739776133" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>Adjustment factors and diagram of EDS spectrometry method, for the materials used to manufacture form-cutting tools.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g018-550.jpg?1739776134" title=" <strong>Figure 18</strong><br/> <p>The intensity of the presence of copper (Cu%) in the upper and lower regions of the cut samples (with different contour geometries) through the process of discharging electricity via wire.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g019-550.jpg?1739776135" title=" <strong>Figure 19</strong><br/> <p>The intensity of the presence of zinc (Zn%) in the upper and lower regions of the cut samples (with different contour geometries) through the process of discharging electricity via wire.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g020-550.jpg?1739776137" title=" <strong>Figure 20</strong><br/> <p>The length of the contact segment between the wire and the workpiece surface in (<b>a</b>) high- and (<b>b</b>) low-thickness workpieces.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g021-550.jpg?1739776139" title=" <strong>Figure 21</strong><br/> <p>The difference between the recast layers on a sample with a high thickness, after the WEDM process in the (<b>a</b>) entry and (<b>b</b>) exit areas of the wire.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g022-550.jpg?1739776141" title=" <strong>Figure 22</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of color spectrum from CLSM 3D surface profile of different geometric samples created by the WEDM process.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g023-550.jpg?1739776143" title=" <strong>Figure 23</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of the effect of different cutting conditions (one, two, and three passes) on the creation of the recast layer according to a three-dimensional scan of the contour of the form (Sample I, according to the nomenclature of <a href="#micromachines-16-00227-f002" class="html-fig">Figure 2</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g024-550.jpg?1739776145" title=" <strong>Figure 24</strong><br/> <p>The length of the contact segment between the wire and the surface of the workpiece in the (<b>a</b>) external and (<b>b</b>) internal corners.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g025-550.jpg?1739776145" title=" <strong>Figure 25</strong><br/> <p>The process of the changes in the feed rate in three consecutive lines from a numerical control program [<a href="#B35-micromachines-16-00227" class="html-bibr">35</a>].</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g026-550.jpg?1739776148" title=" <strong>Figure 26</strong><br/> <p>The indentation area (corner) between the flat surface and the convex curvature of the tool produced with three wire-cut passes (the surface between the curvature of the upper area and the flat surface).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/micromachines/micromachines-16-00227/article_deploy/html/images/micromachines-16-00227-g027-550.jpg?1739776151" title=" <strong>Figure 27</strong><br/> <p>The difference between the recast layers created under the same WEDM conditions but which differs in terms of the features on the workpiece (here, the cutting tool—(<b>a</b>) external and (<b>b</b>) internal corners).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2072-666X/16/2/227'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 26 pages, 10090 KiB   </span> <a href="/2075-4442/13/2/89/pdf?version=1739776211" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Footwear Soles" data-journal="lubricants"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2075-4442/13/2/89">Wear Resistance of Additively Manufactured Footwear Soles</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuo Xu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shuvodeep De</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Meysam Khaleghian</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anahita Emami</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Lubricants</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(2), 89; https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants13020089 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study systematically evaluated the wear resistance and mechanical performance of 3D-printed thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and flexible stereolithography (SLA) resin materials for footwear outsoles. Abrasion tests were conducted on 26 samples (2 materials × 13 geometries) to analyze the weight loss, variations in <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/89/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study systematically evaluated the wear resistance and mechanical performance of 3D-printed thermoplastic rubber (TPR) and flexible stereolithography (SLA) resin materials for footwear outsoles. Abrasion tests were conducted on 26 samples (2 materials × 13 geometries) to analyze the weight loss, variations in the friction coefficient, temperature change, and deformation behavior. Finite element method (FEM) simulations incorporating the Ogden hyperelastic model were employed to investigate the stress distribution and wear patterns. The results revealed that TPR exhibits superior abrasion resistance and stable wear curves, making it suitable for high-load applications. On average, the TPR samples showed 27.3% lower weight loss compared to the SLA resin samples. The SLA resin samples exhibited a 65% higher mean coefficient of friction (COF) compared to the TPR samples. Furthermore, the SLA resin samples demonstrated a 94% higher temperature change during the sliding tests, reflecting greater friction-induced heating. The FEM simulations further validated TPR’s performance in high-stress regions and SLA resin’s deformation characteristics. This study’s findings not only highlight the performance differences between these two 3D-printed materials but also provide theoretical guidance for material selection based on wear behavior, contributing to the optimization of outsole design and its practical applications. <a href="/2075-4442/13/2/89">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/lubricants/special_issues/0F48H9M0WY ">Wear and Friction in Hybrid and Additive Manufacturing Processes</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4442/13/2/89/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592689"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592689"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592689" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592689" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592689" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g001-550.jpg?1739776284" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592689" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g002-550.jpg?1739776287'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' 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src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g006-550.jpg?1739776294'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g007-550.jpg?1739776294'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g008-550.jpg?1739776298'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g009-550.jpg?1739776301'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g010-550.jpg?1739776304'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g011-550.jpg?1739776306'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g012-550.jpg?1739776308'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g013-550.jpg?1739776310'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g014-550.jpg?1739776311'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A1-550.jpg?1739776313'><p>Figure A1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A2-550.jpg?1739776314'><p>Figure A2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1592689-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A3-550.jpg?1739776317'><p>Figure A3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592689-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g001-550.jpg?1739776284" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Pre-printing sample models for the Atomstack Cambrian 3D printer (1–13) and SLA printer (14–26) and the printed samples before abrasion testing.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g002-550.jpg?1739776287" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Sliding friction and wear test setup.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g003-550.jpg?1739776288" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>The abrasion test friction force for the SLA resin sample 19 and TPR sample 6.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g004-550.jpg?1739776291" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>The abrasion test weight loss of the testing samples: (<b>a</b>) TPR, and (<b>b</b>) SLA resin sample comparison.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g005-550.jpg?1739776292" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Contrast between the weight loss of sample 4 (TPR) and sample 17 (Resin) over the distances of testing.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g006-550.jpg?1739776294" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>The mean COFs of concrete conditions for samples 1 through 26 for the first test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g007-550.jpg?1739776294" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Key factors influencing wear.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g008-550.jpg?1739776298" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>The wear damage results after an abrasion test: (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) depict the TPR samples, and (<b>c</b>–<b>e</b>) depict the resin samples.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g009-550.jpg?1739776301" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) The temperature change of samples 1 through 26. (<b>b</b>) Comparison of the temperature change between TRR and SLA.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g010-550.jpg?1739776304" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>The wear and degradation results of different material surfaces after the abrasion test.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g011-550.jpg?1739776306" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>FEM results compared with the experimental deformation for sample 17.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g012-550.jpg?1739776308" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>FEM results compared with the experimental deformation for samples 1 vs. 14, 2 vs. 15, and 6 vs. 19.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g013-550.jpg?1739776310" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>FEM results compared with the experimental deformation for samples 1 and 14.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g014-550.jpg?1739776311" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>FEM results compared with the experimental deformation for shape-shifting sample 10.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A1-550.jpg?1739776313" title=" <strong>Figure A1</strong><br/> <p>Samples printed with resin material.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A2-550.jpg?1739776314" title=" <strong>Figure A2</strong><br/> <p>Model and boundary condition.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/lubricants/lubricants-13-00089/article_deploy/html/images/lubricants-13-00089-g0A3-550.jpg?1739776317" title=" <strong>Figure A3</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Coarse mesh with an average element edge length of 1 mm. (<b>b</b>) Refined mesh with an average element edge length of 0.8 mm. (<b>c</b>) von Mises stress plot for the coarse mesh. (<b>d</b>) von Mises stress plot for the coarse mesh.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4442/13/2/89'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592682" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592682" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592682" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4409/14/4/294/s1?version=1739775811"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 197 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 25 pages, 3378 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4409/14/4/294/pdf?version=1739776244" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Salicylate-Elicited Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Directly Triggers Degradation of C-Myc in Colorectal Cancer Cells" data-journal="cells"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4409/14/4/294">Salicylate-Elicited Activation of AMP-Activated Protein Kinase Directly Triggers Degradation of C-Myc in Colorectal Cancer Cells</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ana Laura S. A. Matos</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ashley J. Ovens</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Emil Jakobsen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diego Iglesias-Gato</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jacob M. Bech</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Stine Friis</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lasse Kristoffer Bak</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gunvor I. Madsen</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jonathan S. Oakhill</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pietri Puustinen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>José M. A. Moreira</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Cells</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>14</em>(4), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells14040294 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Aspirin has consistently shown preventive effects in some solid cancers, notably colorectal cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this positive effect have remained elusive. In this study, we used an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of colon carcinogenesis to identify aspirin-associated molecular alterations that <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/4/294/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Aspirin has consistently shown preventive effects in some solid cancers, notably colorectal cancer. However, the precise molecular mechanisms underlying this positive effect have remained elusive. In this study, we used an azoxymethane-induced mouse model of colon carcinogenesis to identify aspirin-associated molecular alterations that could account for its cancer-preventive effect. Transcriptomic analysis of aspirin-treated mice showed a strong reduction in c-Myc protein levels and effects on the Myc-dependent transcriptional program in colonic cells. Proto-oncogene c-Myc cooperates with AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) to control cellular energetics. Here, we show that salicylate, the active metabolite of aspirin, reduces c-Myc protein expression levels through multiple mechanisms that are both AMPK dependent and independent. This effect is cell-type dependent and occurs at both the transcriptional and post-translational levels. Salicylate-induced AMPK activation leads to the phosphorylation of c-Myc at Thr400, as well as its destabilization and degradation. Our results reveal a complex, multilayered, negative effect of salicylate on c-Myc protein abundance and suggest that chronic depletion of c-Myc can counteract the neoplastic transformation of colorectal epithelium, underpinning the preventive effect of aspirin on colorectal cancer. <a href="/2073-4409/14/4/294">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4409/14/4/294/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592682"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592682"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592682" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592682" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592682" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g001-550.jpg?1739776389" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592682" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g002-550.jpg?1739776392'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g003-550.jpg?1739776394'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g004-550.jpg?1739776397'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g005-550.jpg?1739776401'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592682-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g006-550.jpg?1739776402'><p>Figure 6</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592682-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g001-550.jpg?1739776389" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Aspirin has a preventive effect on mice with chemically induced CRC lesions. (<b>A</b>) Representative images of lesions in AOM-treated mice. Lesions were examined by colonoscopy. Tumors were counted, and each tumor scored from 1 to 5 based on the burden relative to colon circumference, according to [<a href="#B29-cells-14-00294" class="html-bibr">29</a>]. (<b>B</b>) Tumor number and (<b>C</b>) tumor score in untreated, AOM-treated, and AOM+aspirin-treated mice. Significance was evaluated with unpaired Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test. (<b>D</b>) immunohistochemical analysis of c-Myc in normal colonic tissue in AOM-treated (subpanel (<b>a</b>)) and AOM+aspirin-treated mice (subpanel (<b>b</b>)). The entire intestinal tract was collected using the Swiss-rolling technique (subpanel (<b>c</b>)), and lesions (subpanel (<b>d</b>)) were identified and analyzed, both in AOM-treated (subpanel (<b>e</b>)) and AOM+aspirin-treated mice (subpanel (<b>f</b>)). Colonic cells with expression of c-Myc are indicated by black arrows and cells with no expression by red arrows. Yellow arrow indicates immune cells. Original magnification was 40× for subpanels (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>), 4× for subpanels (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>), and 20× for subpanels (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>). (<b>E</b>) Histological analysis of colorectal adenomas. Depicted are representative c-Myc stainings of HG adenomas (subpanels (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>): c-Myc high, intermediate, and low expression, respectively). Original magnification was 40× for all subpanels. (<b>F</b>) Bar graph represents quantification of c-Myc-positive cells (n = 20 samples; * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05, Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test) in samples with high or low <span class="html-italic">p</span>-AMPKα T172 immunoreactivity.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g002-550.jpg?1739776392" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>AMPK activation causes loss of c-Myc. (<b>A</b>) Exposure of HCT116 colon cancer cells to 3 mM salicylate for 1, 4, 24, or 48 h (lanes 2 through 5) elicited AMPK activation, evaluated by phosphorylation of AMPKα at T172, followed by loss of c-Myc expression. Acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) phosphorylation (S79) was used as a marker of functional AMPK activation. (<b>B</b>) Schematic illustration of the molecular mechanisms leading to the activation or inhibition of AMPK. Modulators of AMPK used in this study, negative as well as positive, and their expected mechanism of action are represented. (<b>C</b>) Decreased levels of c-Myc are associated with AMPK activation. HCT116 cells were grown in complete medium for 48 h in the absence (lane 1) or presence of salicylate (lane 2), the synthetic AMPK activator A76966 (lane 3), phenformin (lane 5), or grown in glucose-free medium for 8 h (lane 6). Cells were also treated with a combination of salicylate (3 mM) and compound C (dorsomorphin 100 nM) for 48 h (lane 4). (<b>D</b>) HCT116 cells were cultured in glucose-free medium for up to 5 h in the absence (lanes 1 through 6) or presence of compound C (lanes 7 through 12). Representative western blots and quantification graphs of triplicate experiments are shown. Data are presented as mean ± SEM, n = 3.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g003-550.jpg?1739776394" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Salicylate affects multiple cell types and has diverse effects. (<b>A</b>) U2OS osteosarcoma cells and (<b>B</b>) MCF-7 breast cancer cells were grown in complete media for 48 h in the presence of salicylate (lane 2, (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>), respectively), the synthetic activator A76966 (lane 3, (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>), respectively), phenformin (lane 5, (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>), respectively), or in glucose-free media for 8 h (lane 6, (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>), respectively). Cells were also treated with a combination of salicylate (3 mM) and compound C (dorsomorphin 100 nM) for 48 h (lane 4, (<b>A</b>,<b>B</b>), respectively). In MCF-7 cells, the expression of c-Myc was significantly decreased by 4-OHT alone (lane 9) and even more by a combination of salicylate and 4-OHT (lane 10), compared with the negative control (lane 7). Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) was used in all cases as loading control for protein normalization. (<b>C</b>) Cell viability of HCT116 cells was determined by MTT assay after treatment with indicated concentrations of salicylate for 48 h. IC<sub>50</sub> for salicylate was determined using Prism v.9 (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA) based on the changes in HCT116 cell viability. (<b>D</b>) Cell viability was determined after 48 h in the presence of 1 mM or 3 mM of salicylate, the synthetic activator A76966, compound C (dorsomorphin: 100 nM), or combinations of these drugs. Mean values ± SEMs are shown. * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05; ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01; *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001; n.s.: not significant. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>) Seahorse extracellular flux analysis of the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) shows respiratory changes in HCT-116 cells brought about by sodium salicylate treatment. (<b>E</b>) Seahorse injection series analysis with OCR data presented for one experiment. (<b>F</b>) Calculated parameters from 3 independent experiments include ATP-linked respiration, proton leak, basal respiration, and maximal respiratory capacity. Basal respiration significantly increased when cells were treated with sodium salicylate (1 or 3 mM). Treatment with sodium salicylate caused an increased proton leak (uncoupling) and a decreased percental amount of oxygen being used for ATP production. The maximal respiratory capacity was lowered when treated with sodium salicylate, which suggests a compromised mitochondrial function.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g004-550.jpg?1739776397" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Dynamic interaction between AMPK and c-Myc regulates phosphorylation of c-Myc. Endogenous protein complexes were immunoprecipitated from HEK293 cell lysates with an AMPK1/2 antibody before and after (<b>A</b>) exposure to salicylate (3 mM for 3 h) or (<b>B</b>) glucose deprivation (20 min). Immunoprecipitated proteins were analyzed by immunoblotting, as indicated. Normal serum IgG served as a negative control. Immunoblots of the corresponding cell lysates are shown in the lower panel (input 5%). (<b>C</b>) Quantitation of three replicate experiments. Conditions were compared using Student’s <span class="html-italic">t</span>-test and the results are presented. *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001; **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001. (<b>D</b>) Immunoblotting of purified c-Myc-HA-tagged protein used for the in vitro kinase reaction. Cells were mock-transfected (lane 1) or transfected with a control HA-tag vector (lane 2), or recombinant c-Myc-HA (lane 3), and proteins immunopurified using the HA tag. Immunoblotting with HA-antibodies (upper panel) and c-Myc antibodies (lower panel) confirmed the identity of purified proteins. (<b>E</b>,<b>F</b>) AMPK phosphorylates c-Myc in vitro. In vitro kinase reaction was performed with (<b>E</b>) HEK293-expressed c-Myc-HA purified protein (lane 1), recombinant full-length active human AMPK complex (α1/β1/γ1) (lane 2), or a combination of both (lane 3). Addition of compound C to AMPK complex prior to the kinase reaction abolished phosphorylation of substrates in reaction. Recombinant GSK3β (lane 5) was used as control of reaction specificity. (<b>E</b>) Bacterially expressed rc-Myc protein (lane 1), active human AMPK complex (α1/β1/γ1) (lane 2), or a combination of both (lanes 3 and 4, at 1x and 2x amounts of AMPK). The * symbol in the autoradiograph indicates the presence of a phosphorylated substrate compatible with c-Myc. (<b>G</b>) AMPK substrate consensus sequence (upper panel). Lower panel shows the AMPK motifs present on the c-Myc protein ranked by score. (<b>H</b>) Phosphorylated peptides identified by in-gel tryptic digestion and mass spectrometry of in vitro phosphorylation of recombinant c-Myc with AMPK-α1/β1/ϒ1 complex (+AMPK). A mock reaction lacking AMPK complex (−AMPK) was used as control. Phosphorylated residues are shown in red. Results from two independent experiments are shown.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g005-550.jpg?1739776401" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>AMPK activation with sodium salicylate mediates c-Myc ubiquitinylation and nuclear depletion. (<b>A</b>) Exposure of HCT116 colon cancer cells to 1 or 3 mM salicylate for 48 h (lanes 2 and 3, respectively) elicited the loss of c-Myc expression accompanied by CIP2A, but no change in the levels of S62 phosphorylated c-Myc. Cells were also treated with a combination of salicylate (1 or 3 mM) and compound C (dorsomorphin 100 nM) for 8 h (lanes 5 and 6, respectively). (<b>B</b>) Salicylate induced phosphorylation of PP2A Y307. Samples were analyzed with an anti-pY307-PP2Ac antibody, and the blots were reprobed with an anti-PP2Ac antibody. (<b>C</b>) Sodium salicylate induced AMPK-mediated ubiquitinylation of c-Myc. HEK293 cells were transiently transfected with c-Myc-HA (lanes 1 through 4) or a mock construct (HA-vector, lane 5). Cells were then either left untreated (lanes 1 and 5) or treated with compound C (lane 2), sodium salicylate (lane 3), or a combination of both (lane 4), for three hours. C-Myc-HA-tagged protein was then immunopurified and its ubiquitination levels analyzed with a ubiquitin antibody by western blot (upper panel, ubiquitin). Immunoblots of the corresponding cell lysates (ubiquitin antibody) and purified proteins (HA antibody) are shown (lower panel). Red boxes highlight regions of interest corresponding to mono- and poly-ubiquitinylated c-Myc. (<b>D</b>,<b>E</b>) western blot detection of c-Myc in HCT116 cells treated with (<b>D</b>) MG-132 (20 μM) and (<b>E</b>) CHX (10 µg/mL) and in the presence or absence of 3 mM salicylate for 12 h. (<b>F</b>) QRT-PCR analysis of salicylate effects on relative levels of <span class="html-italic">MYC</span> mRNA in HCT116 cancer cells. <span class="html-italic">MYC</span> and <span class="html-italic">GAPDH</span> mRNA were quantified using a LightCycler Real-Time PCR system. Changes in mRNA levels of <span class="html-italic">MYC</span> were normalized to mRNA levels of <span class="html-italic">GAPDH</span>, and relative fold changes in mRNA levels were calculated compared to their respective vehicle-treated controls. Graphic bars indicate relative fold changes in mRNA ± SEM (arbitrary units) in each treatment group for each cell line. (<b>G</b>–<b>I</b>): sodium salicylate causes nuclear depletion of c-Myc. (<b>G</b>) AMPKα and c-Myc are visualized by indirect immunofluorescence in formaldehyde-fixed HCT116 cells. Also, COS cells were transfected with the GFP-tagged AMPK complex, either (<b>H</b>) α1β1γ1 or (<b>I</b>) α2β1γ1. Under normal growth conditions (control), c-Myc showed strong nuclear expression. Upon exposure to sodium salicylate (+salicylate), c-Myc was absent from the nuclear compartment. Scale bars: 10 µm. (<b>J</b>) Quantification of the nuclear signal of c-Myc relative to DAPI in HCT116 cells, and COS cells transfected with α1β1γ1 or α2β1γ1. *** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001; **** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.0001.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/cells/cells-14-00294/article_deploy/html/images/cells-14-00294-g006-550.jpg?1739776402" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Model of potential mode of action of salicylate on c-Myc. Salicylate decreases the expression of <span class="html-italic">MYC</span> mRNA at the transcriptional level. In addition, salicylate activates AMPK both through directly binding to the ADaM site and changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential, which lead to an increased AMP:ATP ratio. Activated AMPK can directly bind to c-Myc and phosphorylate it at the bHLH-LZ region (S373 and T400), disrupting DNA binding. Additionally, phosphorylation of PP2A at Y307 and downregulation of CIP2A further compound the regulatory loop, decreasing c-Myc levels and affecting the c-Myc transcriptional program. Modulation of miR-34 defines another regulatory loop, further linking AMPK activation and c-Myc expression.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4409/14/4/294'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 4550 KiB   </span> <a href="/2075-4418/15/4/482/pdf?version=1739775608" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Future Directions in Quantitative SPECT-CT Evaluation of Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Correlation with Clinical and Morphological Parameters" data-journal="diagnostics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2075-4418/15/4/482">Future Directions in Quantitative SPECT-CT Evaluation of Cardiac Transthyretin Amyloidosis: Correlation with Clinical and Morphological Parameters</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mirela Gherghe</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mario-Demian Mutuleanu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tatiana Lucia Suta</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Liliana Micu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adina Elena Stanciu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sinziana-Octavia Ionescu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ciprian Cirimbei</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diana Loreta Paun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Andreea Jercan</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sorina Nicoleta Badelita</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Daniel Coriu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Diagnostics</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(4), 482; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040482 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> <b>Background</b>: ATTRv and ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are underrecognized causes of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The diagnosis of CA remains challenging due to low diagnostic suspicion and clinical overlap with more common diseases. The aim of this study <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/482/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> <b>Background</b>: ATTRv and ATTRwt cardiac amyloidosis (CA) are underrecognized causes of heart failure with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction. The diagnosis of CA remains challenging due to low diagnostic suspicion and clinical overlap with more common diseases. The aim of this study was to use [<sup>99m</sup>Tc]-PYP SPECT-CT to perform a volumetric evaluation of bone scintigraphy to overcome the limitations of current practices. <b>Methods</b>: A monocentric prospective study was conducted to evaluate a lot of 22 patients with a mean age of 52.86 ± 13.80 years, diagnosed with hereditary cardiac transthyretin amyloidosis (ATTR). <b>Results</b>: Correlations between the quantitative SPECT-CT, clinical data, and morphological parameters were performed, demonstrating moderate to strong correlation of SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmaxBone to both ECG low voltage and EchoGLS, SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmaxLiver to myocardial gadolinium kinetics with T1 mapping MRI, diastolic disfunction, sensory–motor polyneuropathy, and EchoGLS, SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmeanBone with diastolic disfunction and sensory–motor polyneuropathy, as well as SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmaxSoft tissue to S II, respectively. <b>Conclusions</b>: The moderate to strong correlations among advanced quantitative SPECT-CT metrics and clinical and paraclinical data create the premises to use these parameters for early diagnosis of cardiac ATTR. Further multicentric studies in a larger patient population are needed to validate the newly identified quantitative SPECT-CT parameters. <a href="/2075-4418/15/4/482">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/diagnostics/special_issues/HPKMO5MQ2X ">Advances in Cardiovascular Diseases: Diagnosis and Management</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/482/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592679"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592679"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592679" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592679" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592679" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g001-550.jpg?1739775711" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592679" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g002-550.jpg?1739775713'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g003-550.jpg?1739775716'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g004-550.jpg?1739775718'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g005-550.jpg?1739775720'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g006-550.jpg?1739775721'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592679-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g007-550.jpg?1739775722'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592679-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g001-550.jpg?1739775711" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Whole-body and SPECT-CT axial view of a patient presenting cardiac ATTR: (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) Perugini Grade 1; (<b>d</b>–<b>f</b>) Perugini Grade 2; and (<b>g</b>–<b>i</b>) Perugini Grade 3.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g002-550.jpg?1739775713" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Whole-body and SPECT-CT acquisition of a 55-year-old patient presenting cardiac ATTR, Perugini Grade 2: (<b>a</b>) heart-to-contralateral ratio; (<b>b</b>) coronal SPECT-CT; (<b>c</b>) sagittal SPECT-CT; and (<b>d</b>) axial SPECT-CT.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g003-550.jpg?1739775716" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Contours of the VOIs automatically performed for the lungs, bone, and liver and semi-automatically for myocardium and soft tissue; high radiotracer uptake in the myocardium of the left ventricle.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g004-550.jpg?1739775718" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>SPECT-CT data obtained with dedicated software; quantitative parameters for ratios, measurements, and objective image interpretation; bone, lungs, liver, soft tissue, and heart.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g005-550.jpg?1739775720" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Presence/absence of low voltage on ECG and quantitative values of SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmaxBone ratio.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g006-550.jpg?1739775721" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Graphical representation of the positive correlation between S II and SUVmaxMyocardium/SUVmaxSoft tissue.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00482/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00482-g007-550.jpg?1739775722" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Scatterplot of SUVmax ratios distribution by EchoGLS.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/482'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 5277 KiB   </span> <a href="/2071-1050/17/4/1650/pdf?version=1739775955" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Exploring Trade-Offs/Synergies and Drivers of Ecosystem Services in the Dongting Lake Area, China" data-journal="sustainability"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2071-1050/17/4/1650">Exploring Trade-Offs/Synergies and Drivers of Ecosystem Services in the Dongting Lake Area, China</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ying Huang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xinsheng Chen</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lianlian Zhu</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Sustainability</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>17</em>(4), 1650; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17041650 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Identifying ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies and their influencing factors are prerequisites for formulating scientific ecosystem management strategies. We selected Dongting Lake Area as the study area, quantified four key ESs dynamics, including food production (FP), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ) and ecological leisure <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/4/1650/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Identifying ecosystem service trade-offs/synergies and their influencing factors are prerequisites for formulating scientific ecosystem management strategies. We selected Dongting Lake Area as the study area, quantified four key ESs dynamics, including food production (FP), soil conservation (SC), habitat quality (HQ) and ecological leisure (EL), identified relationships between paired ecosystem services using Spearman correlation coefficients, and analyzed how various drivers impact trade-offs and synergies by leveraging spatial panel data models; we also implemented ecosystem management zoning by superposition analysis on ecosystem services, the relationships between these services, and key drivers. The results showed that FC and SC displayed synergy before a trade-off over the period 2000–2022. The FP–HQ and HQ–EL initially displayed synergy, then trade-off, and then synergy again. Spatially, the spatial trade-off ratios of FP–HQ, SC–HQ, and HQ–EL exceeded the synergy ratios, and trade-off areas of FP–HQ, SC–HQ, and HQ–EL existed around Dongting Lake. The direct or indirect effects of DEM, slope, precipitation, and population density have the greatest effect on ecosystem service pairs. Furthermore, the DTLA was divided into ecological unbalance, soil conservation, habitat quality synergy, and ecological leisure areas. These finding may provide critical scientific insights into how to balance ecological conservation and socio-economic progress in the Dongting Lake Area. <a href="/2071-1050/17/4/1650">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/17/4/1650/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592685"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592685"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592685" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592685" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592685" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g001-550.jpg?1739776021" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592685" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g002-550.jpg?1739776023'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g003-550.jpg?1739776025'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g004-550.jpg?1739776026'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g005-550.jpg?1739776027'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g006-550.jpg?1739776028'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592685-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g007-550.jpg?1739776029'><p>Figure 7</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592685-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g001-550.jpg?1739776021" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Location of the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA), China.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g002-550.jpg?1739776023" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Temporal and spatial changes in ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g003-550.jpg?1739776025" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Spatial changes in trade-offs and synergies among ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g004-550.jpg?1739776026" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Area ratio of synergies and trade-offs among ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g005-550.jpg?1739776027" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Direct and indirect effects of biophysical condition, climate, and human factors on ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA), based on spatial panel modeling (*** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.001, ** <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.01, * <span class="html-italic">p</span> &lt; 0.05).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g006-550.jpg?1739776028" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Direct and indirect effects of biophysical condition, climate, and human factors on trade-off of ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA), based on spatial panel modeling.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/sustainability/sustainability-17-01650/article_deploy/html/images/sustainability-17-01650-g007-550.jpg?1739776029" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Direct and indirect effects of biophysical condition, climate, and human factors on synergy of ecosystem services in the Dongting Lake Area (DTLA), based on spatial panel modeling.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2071-1050/17/4/1650'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 18 pages, 3816 KiB   </span> <a href="/1996-1944/18/4/868/pdf?version=1739775997" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Experimental Investigation and FEM Simulation of the Tensile Behavior of Hot-Rolled Quenching and Partitioning 5Mn Steel" data-journal="materials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/1996-1944/18/4/868">Experimental Investigation and FEM Simulation of the Tensile Behavior of Hot-Rolled Quenching and Partitioning 5Mn Steel</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Firew Tullu Kassaye</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Tamiru Hailu Kori</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Aleksandra Kozłowska</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Adam Grajcar</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Materials</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>18</em>(4), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040868 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Medium manganese steels provide a good combination of tensile strength and ductility due to their multiphase microstructure produced during the multi-step heat treatment process. This study primarily focused on testing and analyzing the tensile properties of 0.17C-5Mn-0.76Al-0.9Si-Nb medium manganese quenching and partitioning (QP) <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/4/868/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Medium manganese steels provide a good combination of tensile strength and ductility due to their multiphase microstructure produced during the multi-step heat treatment process. This study primarily focused on testing and analyzing the tensile properties of 0.17C-5Mn-0.76Al-0.9Si-Nb medium manganese quenching and partitioning (QP) steel using both the experimental and finite element method (FEM) in the multilinear isotropic hardening material model. The 7 mm and 12 mm thick plates exhibited a similar microstructure of tempered primary martensite, lath-type retained austenite, and secondary martensite. The experiments measured tensile strengths of 1400 MPa for 12 mm round specimens and 1325 MPa for 7 mm flat specimens, with total elongations of 15% for round specimens and 11% for flat specimens. The results indicated that the sample’s geometry has some effect on the UTS and ductility of the studied medium-Mn QP steel. However, the more important is the complex relationship between the plate thickness and yield stress and ductility, which are affected by finishing hot rolling conditions. The FEM results showed that the von Mises stresses for flat and round specimens were 1496 MPa and 1514 MPa, respectively, and were consistent with the calculated true stresses of experimental results. This shows that numerical modeling, specifically a multilinear isotropic hardening material model, properly describes the material properties beyond the yield stress and accurately predicts the plastic deformation of the investigated multiphase QP steel. <a href="/1996-1944/18/4/868">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/materials/sections/metals_alloys">Metals and Alloys</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/18/4/868/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592686"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592686"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592686" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592686" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592686" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g001-550.jpg?1739776104" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592686" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g002a-550.jpg?1739776105'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g002b-550.jpg?1739776105'><p>Figure 2 Cont.</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g003-550.jpg?1739776107'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g004-550.jpg?1739776112'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g005-550.jpg?1739776113'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g006-550.jpg?1739776114'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g007-550.jpg?1739776115'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592686-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g008-550.jpg?1739776118'><p>Figure 8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592686-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g001-550.jpg?1739776104" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Processing schedule of investigated steel (FRT—finishing rolling temperature).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g002a-550.jpg?1739776105" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Tensile test specimen dimensions: (<b>a</b>) round specimen from 12 mm thickness plate; (<b>b</b>) flat specimen from 7 mm thickness plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g002b-550.jpg?1739776105" title=" <strong>Figure 2 Cont.</strong><br/> <p>Tensile test specimen dimensions: (<b>a</b>) round specimen from 12 mm thickness plate; (<b>b</b>) flat specimen from 7 mm thickness plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g003-550.jpg?1739776107" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Meshing: (<b>a</b>) round specimen; (<b>b</b>) flat specimen; boundary condition: (<b>c</b>) flat specimen; (<b>d</b>) round specimen: the round specimen from 12 mm thickness plate; the flat specimen from 7 mm thickness plate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g004-550.jpg?1739776112" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>SEM micrographs after quenching at 240 °C and partitioning at 450 °C (300 s): (<b>a</b>) plate 7 mm; (<b>b</b>) plate 12 mm. PM—primary martensite; SM—secondary martensite; RA—retained austenite.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g005-550.jpg?1739776113" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of averaged engineering and true stress-strain curves of investigated Q240P450(300 s) steel: (<b>a</b>) 12 mm thickness round specimen; (<b>b</b>) 7 mm thickness flat specimen.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g006-550.jpg?1739776114" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Strain hardening rate curves as a function of true strain for both plate thickness.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g007-550.jpg?1739776115" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>FEM simulation results of equivalent (von-Mises) stresses for Q240P450(300 s): (<b>a</b>) flat specimen; (<b>b</b>) round specimen.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/materials/materials-18-00868/article_deploy/html/images/materials-18-00868-g008-550.jpg?1739776118" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Comparison of experimental and FEM stress-strain curves: (<b>a</b>) Q240P450(300 s)—12 mm plate thickness; (<b>b</b>) Q240P450(300 s)—7 mm plate thickness.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/1996-1944/18/4/868'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592684" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592684" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592684" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2073-4344/15/2/185/s1?version=1739775900"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 113 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 19 pages, 10816 KiB   </span> <a href="/2073-4344/15/2/185/pdf?version=1739775899" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Self-Assembly of Benzyloxycarbonyl Histidine with Zinc Ions for the Construction of Esterase Mimics" data-journal="catalysts"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2073-4344/15/2/185">Self-Assembly of Benzyloxycarbonyl Histidine with Zinc Ions for the Construction of Esterase Mimics</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jiacheng Sun</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jingjing Guo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ling Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yu Liu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Linling Yu</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yan Sun</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Catalysts</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(2), 185; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal15020185 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Esterases have been applied in many industrial fields. However, many esterases have inherent defects as natural enzyme, such as low long-term storability, poor operational stability, and difficulty in recovery for reuse. Herein, two histidine derivatives with different structures, L-benzyloxycarbonyl histidine (Z-L-His) and D-benzyloxycarbonyl <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/15/2/185/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Esterases have been applied in many industrial fields. However, many esterases have inherent defects as natural enzyme, such as low long-term storability, poor operational stability, and difficulty in recovery for reuse. Herein, two histidine derivatives with different structures, L-benzyloxycarbonyl histidine (Z-L-His) and D-benzyloxycarbonyl histidine (Z-D-His), were used to self-assemble with zinc ions to construct esterase mimics (Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>) based on a minimalist strategy. Two natural enzymes were used for comparison. It was found that the Z-His structure influenced only the stereoselectivity of the enzyme mimic. The kinetics of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> followed the classical Michaelis–Menten equation, and its catalytic efficiency was comparable to that of natural enzymes. It was verified that Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> had good catalytic stability over a wide range of pH, organic solvent concentrations, ionic strengths, and incubation temperatures. Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> retained high activity after incubation in different environments for 7 d, demonstrating excellent long-term storage stability. Moreover, Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> exhibited good reusability, retaining 93% of its original activity after six cycles, proving its potential for industrial applications in mimicking esterase. <a href="/2073-4344/15/2/185">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/catalysts/special_issues/Q4WU5UA7SC ">New Trends in Industrial Biocatalysis, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4344/15/2/185/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592684"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592684"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592684" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592684" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592684" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g001-550.jpg?1739776003" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592684" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g002-550.jpg?1739776004'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g003-550.jpg?1739776006'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g004-550.jpg?1739776008'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g005-550.jpg?1739776008'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g006-550.jpg?1739776012'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g007-550.jpg?1739776012'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g008-550.jpg?1739776013'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g009-550.jpg?1739776015'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g010-550.jpg?1739776017'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g011-550.jpg?1739776020'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592684-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g012-550.jpg?1739776021'><p>Figure 12</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592684-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g001-550.jpg?1739776003" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Scheme of the synthesis of Z-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl acetate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g002-550.jpg?1739776004" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) SEM images and (<b>b</b>) EDS mappings of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g003-550.jpg?1739776006" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>XPS spectra of Z-L-His, Z-D-His, Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>a</b>–<b>d</b>) Full-scan XPS spectra of (<b>a</b>) Z-L-His, (<b>b</b>) Z-D-His, (<b>c</b>) Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and (<b>d</b>) Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>e</b>,<b>f</b>) N1s spectra of (<b>e</b>) Z-L-His and Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and (<b>f</b>) Z-D-His and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>g</b>,<b>h</b>) Zn 2p spectra of (<b>g</b>) Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and (<b>h</b>) Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>i</b>,<b>j</b>) O1s spectra of (<b>i</b>) Z-L-His and Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and (<b>j</b>) Z-D-His and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>k</b>,<b>l</b>) Zn LM2 spectra of (<b>k</b>) Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and (<b>l</b>) of Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g004-550.jpg?1739776008" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) XRD patterns, (<b>c</b>,<b>d</b>) FTIR spectra, (<b>e</b>,<b>g</b>) nitrogen isotherm adsorption–desorption isotherms, and (<b>f</b>,<b>h</b>) pore size distribution of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g005-550.jpg?1739776008" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) UV–Vis spectra of different catalysts, substrates, and pNP. (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) Relative catalytic activity of different combinations of catalyst components with (<b>b</b>) pNPA or (<b>c</b>) pNPB as the substrate.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g006-550.jpg?1739776012" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Time-dependent hydrolysis of pNPA and pNPB by Z-L-His and Z-D-His. (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Time-dependent changes in absorbance at 405 nm with Z-L-His (<b>a</b>) and Z-D-His (<b>b</b>) for hydrolysis of pNPA. (<b>c</b>) UV–Vis spectra of different catalysts for hydrolysis of pNPA. (<b>d</b>,<b>e</b>) Time-dependent changes in absorbance at 405 nm with Z-L-His (<b>d</b>) and Z-D-His (<b>e</b>) for hydrolysis of pNPB. (<b>f</b>) UV–Vis spectra of different catalysts for hydrolysis of pNPB.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g007-550.jpg?1739776012" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Substrate universality of Z-L-His, Z-D-His, Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Relative catalytic activity of (<b>a</b>) Z-L-His and Z-D-His, and (<b>b</b>) Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> and Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> for various substrates. (<b>c</b>) Relative activity of the four catalyzers with D-pNPA and L-pNPA as substrates.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g008-550.jpg?1739776013" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Enzymatic kinetics of varying catalysts with pNPA (<b>a</b>) and pNPB (<b>b</b>) as the substrates.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g009-550.jpg?1739776015" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Relative activity of Z-L-His, Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, PPL, and ANL under different (<b>a</b>) incubation temperatures, (<b>b</b>) pH, (<b>c</b>) NaCl concentrations, and (<b>d</b>) ACN concentrations.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g010-550.jpg?1739776017" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Long-term storage stability of Z-L-His, Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>, PPL and ANL at different (<b>a</b>–<b>c</b>) temperatures, (<b>a</b>,<b>d</b>,<b>g</b>) pH, (<b>a</b>,<b>e</b>,<b>h</b>) ion strengths and (<b>a</b>,<b>f</b>,<b>i</b>) organic solvents.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g011-550.jpg?1739776020" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Reusability of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>a</b>) Relative activity during the recycling process. (<b>b</b>) FTIR spectrum of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> after 6 cycles. (<b>c</b>) SEM images of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> after 6 cycles. (<b>d</b>) XPS spectrum of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> before and after 6 cycles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/catalysts/catalysts-15-00185/article_deploy/html/images/catalysts-15-00185-g012-550.jpg?1739776021" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>) Mechanism diagram for the hydrolysis of pNPA catalyzed by imidazole group in Z-His and Z-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>. (<b>b</b>) Catalytic mechanism of Z-L-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup> or Z-D-His/Zn<sup>2+</sup>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2073-4344/15/2/185'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 8244 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-2615/15/4/572/pdf?version=1739775474" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Effects of Temperature on the Thermal Biology and Locomotor Performance of Two Sympatric Extreme Desert Lizards" data-journal="animals"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-2615/15/4/572">Effects of Temperature on the Thermal Biology and Locomotor Performance of Two Sympatric Extreme Desert Lizards</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuhan Zheng</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruichen Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ziyi Wang</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Xunheng Wu</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Huawei Feng</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yi Yang</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Animals</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(4), 572; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15040572 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Lizards are ideal models for investigating animal adaptations to climate change, given their sensitivity to temperature and their significance in physiological ecology. In this study, the effects of temperature on the thermal biology and locomotor performance of two sympatric desert lizards, <i>Eremias roborowskii</i> <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/572/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Lizards are ideal models for investigating animal adaptations to climate change, given their sensitivity to temperature and their significance in physiological ecology. In this study, the effects of temperature on the thermal biology and locomotor performance of two sympatric desert lizards, <i>Eremias roborowskii</i> and <i>Phrynocephalus axillaris</i>, were examined. We analyzed morphological differences, the relationship between environmental temperatures (T<sub>e</sub>) and selected body temperatures (T<sub>sel</sub>), and locomotor performance across varying T<sub>e</sub>. We also assessed the critical thermal maximum (CT<sub>max</sub>) and active body temperature (T<sub>b</sub>) to evaluate current thermal conditions. Our results indicate that <i>E. roborowskii</i>’s T<sub>sel</sub> line intersected isotherm at 27.37 °C is higher than <i>P. axillaris</i> (27.04 °C), and the difference in correlation coefficients between the T<sub>sel</sub> line and isotherm indicates that <i>P. axillaris</i> exhibits a superior physiological thermoregulatory capacity, exhibiting less dependence on T<sub>e</sub>. Locomotor performance assessments showed <i>P. axillaris</i> and <i>E. roborowskii</i> displayed distinct strengths in sprint speed, number of pauses, and maximum distance movement. <i>Eremias roborowskii</i> demonstrated better endurance with fewer pauses and a more consistent length of continuous movement at higher T<sub>e</sub>, while <i>P. axillaris</i> exhibited a faster sprint speed (0.8355 vs. 0.8157 m/s at 30 °C) and greater movement distance (78.53 vs. 89.82 cm at 32 °C). These differences may be attributable to variations in body size and ecological strategies, as <i>E. roborowskii</i> is an ambush lizard, whereas <i>P. axillaris</i> is an active striking type, which suggests that there is a balanced relationship between endurance and speed. Our study provides critical insights into the convergent evolution and ecological adaptation of two sympatric lizard species in extreme desert ecosystems. <a href="/2076-2615/15/4/572">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/animals/sections/Herpetology">Herpetology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/15/4/572/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592676"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592676"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592676" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592676" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592676" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-ag-550.jpg?1739775584" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Graphical abstract</p></div><script id="images1592676" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g001-550.jpg?1739775569'><p>Figure 1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g002-550.jpg?1739775570'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g003-550.jpg?1739775571'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g004-550.jpg?1739775573'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592676-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g005-550.jpg?1739775575'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592676-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-ag-550.jpg?1739775584" title=" <strong>Graphical abstract</strong><br/><strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g001-550.jpg?1739775569" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Two sympatric lizards and their habitats.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g002-550.jpg?1739775570" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>PCA plot of morphological characters of <span class="html-italic">E. roborowskii</span> and <span class="html-italic">P. axillaris</span>.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g003-550.jpg?1739775571" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Linear regression relationships of T<sub>e</sub> and T<sub>sel</sub> in <span class="html-italic">E. roborowskii</span> (<b>A</b>) and <span class="html-italic">P. axillaris</span> (<b>B</b>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g004-550.jpg?1739775573" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Sprint speed (<b>A</b>), number of pauses (<b>B</b>), and maximum movement distance (<b>C</b>) of two sympatric lizards at varying T<sub>e</sub>. Note: Upper case letters represent multiple comparison results between groups; lower case letters represent multiple comparison results within groups.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/animals/animals-15-00572/article_deploy/html/images/animals-15-00572-g005-550.jpg?1739775575" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Model diagram illustrating the thermal biology and locomotor performance mechanisms of two lizard species for adaptation to the extreme desert environment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-2615/15/4/572'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592674" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592674" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592674" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-4991/15/4/304/s1?version=1739775611"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 3287 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 12 pages, 3426 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-4991/15/4/304/pdf?version=1739775611" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Porous Carbon Electrode Made of Biomass DNAs for High-Efficiency Quasi-Solid-State Supercapacitor" data-journal="nanomaterials"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-4991/15/4/304">Porous Carbon Electrode Made of Biomass DNAs for High-Efficiency Quasi-Solid-State Supercapacitor</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Samanth Kokkiligadda</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Surya Kiran Ampasala</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yeonju Nam</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Jeonghun Kim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Suk Ho Bhang</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Soong Ho Um</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Nanomaterials</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(4), 304; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15040304 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Since companies have declared their commitment to operating with 100% renewable energy, developing electrical storage systems using natural eco-friendly resources is in full swing. Efforts to replace existing materials in core electrode materials are accelerating, but the use of toxic chemicals in the <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/4/304/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Since companies have declared their commitment to operating with 100% renewable energy, developing electrical storage systems using natural eco-friendly resources is in full swing. Efforts to replace existing materials in core electrode materials are accelerating, but the use of toxic chemicals in the complex production process is decreasing its value. This study presents a unique porous carbon electrode made of pure biomass DNA wastes synthesized simply via a single step of hydrogelation-calcination without activation through carbonization. Electrochemical analysis of the electrodes revealed energy storage performance with an outstanding specific capacitance of 563.34 F g<sup>−1</sup> at 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>. The QSSC exhibited an energy density of 13.05 Wh kg<sup>−1</sup> and a power density of 486.67 W kg<sup>−1</sup>. It was connected to a solar panel for renewable energy storage and successfully powered a digital clock and LEDs (Light Emitting Diode), demonstrating the potential of advanced sustainable and cost-effective energy storage solutions. <a href="/2079-4991/15/4/304">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/nanomaterials/special_issues/0GQ9A6G51E ">Advanced Nanostructured Electrode Materials for Energy Storage and Conversion Systems</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/4/304/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592674"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592674"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592674" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592674" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592674" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592674-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g001-550.jpg?1739775709" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592674" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592674-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g002-550.jpg?1739775710'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592674-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g003-550.jpg?1739775713'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592674-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g004-550.jpg?1739775715'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592674-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g005-550.jpg?1739775717'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592674-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g001-550.jpg?1739775709" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Schematic illustration of the fabrication process for DC-x porous carbon derived from pure DNA.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/15/4/304'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g002-550.jpg?1739775710" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>XPS analysis of DC-900 with core-level spectra of each element. (<b>a</b>) High-resolution C 1s spectrum showing deconvoluted peaks corresponding to different carbon bonding states. (<b>b</b>) O 1s spectrum indicating various oxygen functional groups. (<b>c</b>) High-resolution N 1s spectrum revealing the nitrogen bonding states. (<b>d</b>) High-resolution P 2p spectrum depicted the phosphorus chemical states and bonding environment.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/15/4/304'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g003-550.jpg?1739775713" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Depicted various electrochemical characterization results for the DC-x electrodes: (<b>a</b>) Comparative cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves at a constant scan rate of 100 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, (<b>b</b>) CV curves at different scan rates specifically for the DC-900 electrode, (<b>c</b>) the Comparative galvanostatic charge–discharge (GCD) curves at a constant current density of 1 A g<sup>−1</sup>, (<b>d</b>) specific capacitance values at the same current density for the DC-x electrodes, (<b>e</b>) GCD curves at different current densities specifically for the DC-900 electrode, (<b>f</b>) comparative electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) plots for the DC-x electrodes, (<b>g</b>) long-term cyclic stability of the DC-900 electrode measured at 10 A g<sup>−1</sup> over 10,000 cycles.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/15/4/304'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g004-550.jpg?1739775715" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>QSSC device performance: (<b>a</b>) schematic representation of QSSC device, (<b>b</b>) CV curves measured at different potential windows from 1–1.5 V under the scan rate of 50 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, (<b>c</b>) CV curves of the QSSC device at different scan rates 5 mV to 150 mV s<sup>−1</sup>, (<b>d</b>) GCD curves at different current densities, (<b>e</b>) specific capacitance values at individual current densities, (<b>f</b>) EIS plots.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/15/4/304'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/nanomaterials/nanomaterials-15-00304/article_deploy/html/images/nanomaterials-15-00304-g005-550.jpg?1739775717" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>(<b>a</b>,<b>b</b>) Photograph representation of self-powered energy storage with two series connected QSSCs and solar panels intersecting to realize more eco-friendly charging and discharging and (<b>b</b>,<b>c</b>) the charging process of the QSSC device using a solar panel under natural sunlight and the operation of the digital clock. (<b>d</b>) The illumination of green LEDs. (<b>e</b>) Output voltage of the QSSC device after disconnecting from the solar panel.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-4991/15/4/304'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 16 pages, 4632 KiB   </span> <a href="/2227-7390/13/4/656/pdf?version=1739775779" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Interval Uncertainty Analysis for Wheel–Rail Contact Load Identification Based on First-Order Polynomial Chaos Expansion" data-journal="mathematics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label feature" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-feature" aria-expanded="false">Feature Paper</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2227-7390/13/4/656">Interval Uncertainty Analysis for Wheel–Rail Contact Load Identification Based on First-Order Polynomial Chaos Expansion</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Shengwen Yin</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Haotian Xiao</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lei Cao</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Mathematics</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(4), 656; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13040656 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Traditional methods for identifying wheel–rail contact loads are based on deterministic models, in which the uncertainties such as material inhomogeneity and geometric tolerance are not considered. For wheel–rail contact load analysis with uncertainties, a novel method named the Interval First-Order Polynomial Chaos Expansion <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/656/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Traditional methods for identifying wheel–rail contact loads are based on deterministic models, in which the uncertainties such as material inhomogeneity and geometric tolerance are not considered. For wheel–rail contact load analysis with uncertainties, a novel method named the Interval First-Order Polynomial Chaos Expansion method (IFOPCE) is proposed to propagate the uncertainty in wheel–rail contact systems. In IFOPCE, the polynomial chaos expansion (PCE) is first utilized to approximate the relationship between strain responses, wheel–rail loads, and uncertain variables. The expansion coefficients are calculated using Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS). To efficiently decouple the wheel–rail loads, the relationship between load and strain is established based on the first-order PCE. By using IFOPCE, the variation range of wheel–rail contact loads can be effectively obtained. It is shown in numerical examples that the IFOPCE achieves high computational accuracy and the uncertainties have a great effect on the identification of wheel–rail loads. <a href="/2227-7390/13/4/656">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/656/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592683"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592683"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592683" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592683" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592683" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g001-550.jpg?1739775851" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592683" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g002-550.jpg?1739775852'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g003-550.jpg?1739775852'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g004-550.jpg?1739775853'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g005-550.jpg?1739775853'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g006-550.jpg?1739775854'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g007-550.jpg?1739775855'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g008-550.jpg?1739775855'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g009-550.jpg?1739775857'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g010-550.jpg?1739775859'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g011-550.jpg?1739775861'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592683-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g012-550.jpg?1739775863'><p>Figure 12</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592683-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g001-550.jpg?1739775851" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Wheel–rail contact load.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g002-550.jpg?1739775852" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Three-dimensional model of wheel–rail contact.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g003-550.jpg?1739775852" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of 10 kN lateral load.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g004-550.jpg?1739775853" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Schematic diagram of 10 kN vertical load.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g005-550.jpg?1739775853" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Strain response range under vertical force.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g006-550.jpg?1739775854" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Strain response range under lateral force.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g007-550.jpg?1739775855" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Error plot of IFOPCE under vertical load.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g008-550.jpg?1739775855" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Error plot of IFOPCE under lateral load.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g009-550.jpg?1739775857" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>The influence of uncertainty in Young’s modulus on uncertainty under different loads.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g010-550.jpg?1739775859" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>The influence of strain uncertainty on vertical load uncertainty.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g011-550.jpg?1739775861" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>The influence of strain uncertainty on lateral load uncertainty.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00656/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00656-g012-550.jpg?1739775863" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>The influence of uncertainty in variables on uncertainty under different loads.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/656'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 26 pages, 1658 KiB   </span> <a href="/2077-0383/14/4/1322/pdf?version=1739775723" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="New Diseases Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): An Overview" data-journal="jcm"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2077-0383/14/4/1322">New Diseases Related to Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs): An Overview</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pasquale Crea</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Federica Cocuzza</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Salvatore Bonanno</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Nicola Ferrara</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Lucio Teresi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Diego La Maestra</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Paolo Bellocchi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonino Micari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Alice Moncada</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Antonio Micari</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gianluca Di Bella</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giuseppe Dattilo</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>J. Clin. Med.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>14</em>(4), 1322; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14041322 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The widespread use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) has transformed the management of cardiac arrhythmias, improving survival and quality of life for millions. However, this progress has introduced a range of device-related complications, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review examines <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/4/1322/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The widespread use of Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs) has transformed the management of cardiac arrhythmias, improving survival and quality of life for millions. However, this progress has introduced a range of device-related complications, which can significantly impact patient outcomes. This review examines “new diseases” linked to CIEDs, categorizing them into physical (e.g., infections, venous obstruction, lead failure, and device recalls) and functional complications (e.g., arrhythmias, pacemaker syndrome, and left ventricular dysfunction). Prevention and management strategies are emphasized. Emerging technologies, such as leadless devices, quadripolar leads, and remote monitoring systems, hold promise in reducing risks and enhancing patient care. Future directions include integrating artificial intelligence for real-time monitoring, improving device durability, and exploring novel materials to minimize infections and mechanical failures. Understanding CIED-related complications is essential for healthcare providers to balance the benefits and risks of these life-saving technologies. <a href="/2077-0383/14/4/1322">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/jcm/sections/JCM_Cardiology">Cardiology</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/14/4/1322/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592665"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592665"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592665" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592665" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592665" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592665-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g001-550.jpg?1739775809" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592665" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592665-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g002-550.jpg?1739775811'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592665-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g003-550.jpg?1739775812'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592665-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g004-550.jpg?1739775817'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592665-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g005-550.jpg?1739775819'><p>Figure 5</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592665-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g001-550.jpg?1739775809" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Overview of new complications associated with CIEDs.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-0383/14/4/1322'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g002-550.jpg?1739775811" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Fluoroscopic images showcasing different types of implantable cardiac devices: (<b>A</b>) Atrial single chamber pacemaker; (<b>B</b>) Ventricular single chamber pacemaker; (<b>C</b>) dual chamber pacemaker; (<b>D</b>) Single chamber ICD; (<b>E</b>) Dual chamber ICD; (<b>F</b>) CRT-D; (<b>G</b>) Leadless pacemaker (Micra-Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA); (<b>H</b>) Leadless pacemaker (Micra-Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA) plus subcutaneous ICD (Emblem-Boston Scientific, Marlborough, MA, USA); (<b>I</b>) Dual chamber leadless pacemaker (Aveir-Abbott, Abbott, Abbott Park, IL, USA); (<b>J</b>) Extravascular ICD (Aurora-Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN, USA).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-0383/14/4/1322'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g003-550.jpg?1739775812" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Pacemaker mediated tachycardia.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-0383/14/4/1322'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g004-550.jpg?1739775817" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Short-long-short sequence inducing atrial fibrillation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-0383/14/4/1322'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/jcm/jcm-14-01322/article_deploy/html/images/jcm-14-01322-g005-550.jpg?1739775819" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Ventricular tachycardia EGM’S. AV dissociation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2077-0383/14/4/1322'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 22 pages, 1147 KiB   </span> <a href="/2076-3417/15/4/2086/pdf?version=1739775735" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="The Impact of Kinesiophobia on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review" data-journal="applsci"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2076-3417/15/4/2086">The Impact of Kinesiophobia on Physical Activity and Quality of Life in Patients with Chronic Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marika Wlazło</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Patryk Szlacheta</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mateusz Grajek</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Wiktoria Staśkiewicz-Bartecka</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Mateusz Rozmiarek</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ewa Malchrowicz-Mośko</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ilona Korzonek-Szlacheta</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Appl. Sci.</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(4), 2086; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15042086 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Individuals suffering from non-communicable NCDs often experience chronic pain, which can directly contribute to the development of kinesiophobia and fear of movement, significantly impacting the quality of life and physical activity (PA) of chronically ill patients. This review aims to examine the impact <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2086/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Individuals suffering from non-communicable NCDs often experience chronic pain, which can directly contribute to the development of kinesiophobia and fear of movement, significantly impacting the quality of life and physical activity (PA) of chronically ill patients. This review aims to examine the impact of kinesiophobia on PA, quality of life, and the rehabilitation process in patients with diabetes, cancer, and chronic cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. The research methodology is based on a systematic literature review using six databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar), conducted according to PRISMA guidelines. The review included 81 articles (comprising experimental studies, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews). The prevalence of kinesiophobia and fear of movement among patients with chronic diseases ranged from 42.85% to 93%, depending on the type of condition. The average prevalence rate of kinesiophobia in the entire analyzed group was 63.6%, which highlights the significance of the problem in relation to the chronic diseases discussed. The presence of movement-related fear in individuals with chronic illnesses represents a significant barrier to engaging in PA, which can directly impact their quality of life. Future research is recommended to focus on identifying risk factors and the influence of kinesiophobia on various aspects of life, allowing for clearer understanding and coherence. <a href="/2076-3417/15/4/2086">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/applsci/special_issues/UPP7UHA0L5 ">Advances in Sports Science and Novel Technologies</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/2086/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592681"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592681"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592681" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592681" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592681" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592681-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applsci/applsci-15-02086/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-15-02086-g001-550.jpg?1739775810" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592681" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592681-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applsci/applsci-15-02086/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-15-02086-g002-550.jpg?1739775812'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592681-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applsci/applsci-15-02086/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-15-02086-g001-550.jpg?1739775810" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Flowchart illustrating the methodological approach at all stages of the study. ** with use the exclusion criteria.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-3417/15/4/2086'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/applsci/applsci-15-02086/article_deploy/html/images/applsci-15-02086-g002-550.jpg?1739775812" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Supportive therapies, risk factors, and consequences of kinesiophobia.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2076-3417/15/4/2086'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 24 pages, 6650 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-6412/15/2/237/pdf?version=1739775442" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Scalmalloy® (Al-Mg-Sc-Zr): Thermal Management Effects on Direct Age-Hardening Response" data-journal="coatings"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-6412/15/2/237">Wire Arc Additive Manufacturing of Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> (Al-Mg-Sc-Zr): Thermal Management Effects on Direct Age-Hardening Response</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Leandro João da Silva</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Douglas Bezerra de Araújo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Ruham Pablo Reis</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Frank Palm</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Américo Scotti</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Coatings</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(2), 237; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15020237 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The thermal history of a part deposited via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and hence its as-built properties can vary significantly depending on the thermal management applied, especially for metallurgically complex materials. Thus, this work aimed to assess the feasibility of processing thin-walled <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/2/237/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The thermal history of a part deposited via wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) and hence its as-built properties can vary significantly depending on the thermal management applied, especially for metallurgically complex materials. Thus, this work aimed to assess the feasibility of processing thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> (Al-Mg-Sc-Zr) structures by WAAM while examining the effects of arc energy and heat dissipation on their response to direct age-hardening heat treatment (without solution annealing). As a complement, the geometry, porosity, and processing time of such parts were also analyzed. The walls were built via the cold metal transfer (CMT) deposition process with different arc energy levels in combination with near-immersion active cooling (NIAC) settings (as thermal management solution), as well as with natural cooling (NC), resulting overall in both low surface waviness and porosity levels. Based on hardness testing, the resultant Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> direct-aging response (relative increase in hardness after direct age-hardening from WAAM as-built state) depended more on the arc energy per unit length of deposit applied. In contrast, the other thermal management approaches (NIAC or NC) helped in maintaining Sc in a supersaturated solid solution during deposition. Thus, Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> strengthening was demonstrated as feasibly triggered by means of a post-WAAM direct age-hardening heat treatment solely. Additionally, in comparison with a thermally equivalent (same interpass temperature) condition based on NC, the NIAC technique allowed the achievement of such a positive result on direct-aging response with much shorter WAAM processing times, therefore improving productivity. <a href="/2079-6412/15/2/237">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/coatings/special_issues/Surface_Additive_Manufacturing ">Surface Modification, Repairing and Forming of Metallic Materials by Additive Manufacturing</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6412/15/2/237/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592677"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592677"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592677" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592677" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592677" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g001-550.jpg?1739775562" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592677" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g002-550.jpg?1739775566'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g003-550.jpg?1739775566'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g004-550.jpg?1739775571'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g005-550.jpg?1739775572'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g006-550.jpg?1739775577'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g007-550.jpg?1739775582'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g008-550.jpg?1739775583'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g009-550.jpg?1739775584'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g010-550.jpg?1739775584'><p>Figure 10</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g011-550.jpg?1739775585'><p>Figure 11</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g012-550.jpg?1739775587'><p>Figure 12</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g013-550.jpg?1739775588'><p>Figure 13</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g014-550.jpg?1739775589'><p>Figure 14</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g015-550.jpg?1739775590'><p>Figure 15</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g016-550.jpg?1739775592'><p>Figure 16</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1592677-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g017-550.jpg?1739775593'><p>Figure 17</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592677-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g001-550.jpg?1739775562" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Experimental rig used for WAAM of thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> structures. <b>left</b>: actual deposition setup; <b>right</b>: deposition representation.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g002-550.jpg?1739775566" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>IR pyrometry arrangement used for monitoring the thermal features of the thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms (water temperature monitoring used for assuring stable operation of the NIAC technique).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g003-550.jpg?1739775566" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Geometric features analyzed in the cross-sections of the preforms.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g004-550.jpg?1739775571" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Hardness measurement path applied in the cross-sections of the preforms.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g005-550.jpg?1739775572" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between WFS/TS ratio and AE level for the CMT deposition process as applied.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g006-550.jpg?1739775577" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Lateral surface aspect and cross-section view of each thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preform built via WAAM with variation in the WFS/TS ratio (AE level) for the LEWD parameter fixed in 20 mm.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g007-550.jpg?1739775582" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Lateral surface aspect and cross-section view of each thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preform built via WAAM with variation in the LEWD parameter for the WFS/TS ratio fixed in 12.5 (same AE level) (NC case included for comparison basis).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g008-550.jpg?1739775583" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Thermal effect measured by the trailing/leading IR pyrometer in the thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms built via WAAM with different thermal management scenarios: (<b>a</b>) WFS/TS ratio (and AE level) variation (fixed LEWD value = 20 mm); (<b>b</b>) LEWD parameter variation (fixed WFS/TS ratio = 12.5 (same AE level)).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g009-550.jpg?1739775584" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Typical thermal history (measured by the fixed IR pyrometer) experienced by a given layer of the thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms built via WAAM with the NIAC technique as new layers were sequentially added.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g010-550.jpg?1739775584" title=" <strong>Figure 10</strong><br/> <p>Correlation between the peak temperature observed in the Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> layer surveyed in <a href="#coatings-15-00237-f009" class="html-fig">Figure 9</a> and the distance from the top (last) layer of the respective preform as new layers were sequentially added.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g011-550.jpg?1739775585" title=" <strong>Figure 11</strong><br/> <p>Typical correlation between the cooling rate and the peak temperature extracted from the thermal history of a Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> layer as new layers were sequentially added (case surveyed in <a href="#coatings-15-00237-f009" class="html-fig">Figure 9</a> and <a href="#coatings-15-00237-f010" class="html-fig">Figure 10</a>).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g012-550.jpg?1739775587" title=" <strong>Figure 12</strong><br/> <p>Effect of the WFS/TS ratio (and AE level) variation on the cooling rate of Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> layers (considering peak temperatures of 650 °C) with the LEWD parameter fixed in 20 mm.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g013-550.jpg?1739775588" title=" <strong>Figure 13</strong><br/> <p>Effect of the LEWD parameter variation on the cooling rate of Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> layers (considering peak temperatures of 650 °C) with the WFS/TS ratio fixed in 12.5 (same AE level).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g014-550.jpg?1739775589" title=" <strong>Figure 14</strong><br/> <p>Example of hardness profiles revealed along the height of thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms built via WAAM under different thermal management conditions (but with the same WFS/TS ratio = 12.5 (same AE level)) both in the as-built and heat-treated states: (<b>a</b>) NIAC technique; (<b>b</b>) NC approach.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g015-550.jpg?1739775590" title=" <strong>Figure 15</strong><br/> <p>Average hardness levels of the thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms built via WAAM under different thermal management conditions measured both in the as-built and heat-treated states: (<b>a</b>) WFS/TS ratio (and AE level) variation (fixed LEWD value = 20 mm); (<b>b</b>) LEWD parameter variation (fixed WFS/TS ratio = 12.5 (same AE level)) (NC case included for comparison basis).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g016-550.jpg?1739775592" title=" <strong>Figure 16</strong><br/> <p>Effect of the cooling rate (resulting from the thermal management conditions) on the direct-aging response of the thin-walled Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> preforms built via WAAM: (<b>a</b>) WFS/TS ratio (and AE level) variation (fixed LEWD value = 20 mm); (<b>b</b>) LEWD parameter variation (fixed WFS/TS ratio = 12.5 (same AE level)) (NC case (red marker) included for comparison basis).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/coatings/coatings-15-00237/article_deploy/html/images/coatings-15-00237-g017-550.jpg?1739775593" title=" <strong>Figure 17</strong><br/> <p>The potential of the NIAC technique for modulating the cooling rate of a Scalmalloy<sup>®</sup> target wall width (EWW of 5 mm).</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-6412/15/2/237'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <a data-dropdown="drop-supplementary-1592678" aria-controls="drop-supplementary-1592678" aria-expanded="false" title="Supplementary Material"> <i class="material-icons">attachment</i> </a> <div id="drop-supplementary-1592678" class="f-dropdown label__btn__dropdown label__btn__dropdown--wide" data-dropdown-content aria-hidden="true" tabindex="-1"> Supplementary material: <br/> <a href="/2079-8954/13/2/124/s1?version=1739775487"> Supplementary File 1 (ZIP, 156 KiB) </a><br/> </div> </div> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 20 pages, 529 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-8954/13/2/124/pdf?version=1739775486" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Directed Consumer-Generated Content (DCGC) for Social Media Marketing: Analyzing Performance Metrics from a Field Experiment in the Publishing Industry" data-journal="systems"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-8954/13/2/124">Directed Consumer-Generated Content (DCGC) for Social Media Marketing: Analyzing Performance Metrics from a Field Experiment in the Publishing Industry</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Eleni Ntousi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chris Lazaris</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Pavlina Katiaj</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Anastasios Koukopoulos</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Systems</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(2), 124; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems13020124 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This study examines the efficacy of a novel form of consumer-generated content (CGC) digital advertising, termed “directed” consumer-generated content (DCGC), in comparison to traditional brand-created social media advertisements. The analysis focuses on performance metrics and return on ad spend (ROAS). Data were gathered <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/124/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This study examines the efficacy of a novel form of consumer-generated content (CGC) digital advertising, termed “directed” consumer-generated content (DCGC), in comparison to traditional brand-created social media advertisements. The analysis focuses on performance metrics and return on ad spend (ROAS). Data were gathered from social media campaigns incorporating both DCGC and non-CGC through a field experiment, followed by a rigorous statistical analysis to identify the most effective advertising strategies. Findings indicate that DCGC typically results in significantly higher conversion rates, increased conversions, and superior ROAS. Overall, DCGC advertisements demonstrate enhanced performance relative to non-CGC campaigns, suggesting that they represent a more strategic allocation of a brand’s marketing resources, particularly when the primary objective is to drive sales and achieve elevated conversion rates. This research contributes to the academic discourse and practical implementation of social media advertising by highlighting the advantages of DCGC as a cost-effective and efficient advertising approach for brands. <a href="/2079-8954/13/2/124">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/systems/special_issues/8L87UM6Z2B ">Complex Systems for E-commerce and Business Management</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-8954/13/2/124/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592678-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-13-00124/article_deploy/html/images/systems-13-00124-g001-550.jpg?1739775563" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div></div></div><div id="article-1592678-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/systems/systems-13-00124/article_deploy/html/images/systems-13-00124-g001-550.jpg?1739775563" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Hypotheses and metrics graphical summary.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-8954/13/2/124'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 23 pages, 422 KiB   </span> <a href="/2079-9292/14/4/773/pdf?version=1739775130" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="A Rule-Based Stock Trading Recommendation System Using Sentiment Analysis and Technical Indicators" data-journal="electronics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2079-9292/14/4/773">A Rule-Based Stock Trading Recommendation System Using Sentiment Analysis and Technical Indicators</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Yuri Kim</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Sujin Yoo</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Seongbin Park</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Electronics</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>14</em>(4), 773; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronics14040773 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> This paper presents a stock trading recommendation system that integrates news sentiment analysis with the relative strength index (RSI) to provide informed buy–sell decisions. The system uses a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) approach to analyze recent news articles and combines the resulting <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/4/773/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> This paper presents a stock trading recommendation system that integrates news sentiment analysis with the relative strength index (RSI) to provide informed buy–sell decisions. The system uses a rule-based natural language processing (NLP) approach to analyze recent news articles and combines the resulting sentiment scores with the RSI, which tracks stock momentum. By evaluating seven days of news data, the system assigns a sentiment score (1 to 100) that reflects market sentiment, while the RSI identifies overbought or oversold conditions. This combined approach allows traders to make data-driven buy, sell, or hold decisions in real time. In this study, we conducted a comparative study with benchmark indices across various subsets of stocks to evaluate their relative performance, highlighting our system’s competitive edge in terms of accuracy, profitability, and lightweight design with low computational cost. The results showed the system’s adaptability across different market segments and its potential to enhance trading outcomes. By integrating real-time sentiment analysis with technical indicators, the system offers a practical and actionable investment strategy. <a href="/2079-9292/14/4/773">Full article</a> </div> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/14/4/773/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592669"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592669"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592669" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592669" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592669" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g001-550.jpg?1739775203" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592669" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g002-550.jpg?1739775205'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592669-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g003-550.jpg?1739775207'><p>Figure 3</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592669-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g001-550.jpg?1739775203" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>A conceptual framework for a rule-based stock trading recommendation system incorporating sentiment analysis and technical indicators.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-9292/14/4/773'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g002-550.jpg?1739775205" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>Side-by-side comparison of RoR scatter plots for 2-week and 1-month experiments by cap size.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-9292/14/4/773'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/electronics/electronics-14-00773/article_deploy/html/images/electronics-14-00773-g003-550.jpg?1739775207" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Side-by-side comparison of RoR scatter plots for 2-week and 1-month experiments.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2079-9292/14/4/773'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 11 pages, 890 KiB   </span> <a href="/2075-4418/15/4/481/pdf?version=1739775346" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Congenital Heart Disease After Mid-Age: From the “Grown-Up” to the Elderly" data-journal="diagnostics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Review</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2075-4418/15/4/481">Congenital Heart Disease After Mid-Age: From the “Grown-Up” to the Elderly</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Francesca Bonanni</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chiara Servoli</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Gaia Spaziani</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Elena Bennati</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Chiara Di Filippo</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Giulia Ksenia Cirri</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Marzia Giaccardi</strong>, </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Iacopo Olivotto</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Silvia Favilli</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Diagnostics</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>15</em>(4), 481; https://doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics15040481 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> Early surgery and improved medical care have led to the increased survival of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), who now commonly reach adulthood. Among adults with CHD, a growing subgroup is represented by middle-aged and even elderly patients. In this elderly population, <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/481/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> Early surgery and improved medical care have led to the increased survival of neonates with congenital heart disease (CHD), who now commonly reach adulthood. Among adults with CHD, a growing subgroup is represented by middle-aged and even elderly patients. In this elderly population, acquired cardiac and extracardiac comorbidities represent the main cause of morbidity and mortality; the control and correction of cardiovascular risk factors or an appropriate check for extracardiac complications (such as malignancies) is therefore of paramount importance. Complications and frailty syndrome appear to occur earlier in ACHD than in the general population due to a frequent discrepancy between chronological and biological age. Multiple stressors throughout life (hemodynamic abnormalities, cardiac operations and interventional procedures, the placement of foreign materials) that result in a chronic inflammatory response are among the leading causes of premature senescence. This review is aimed at assessing the characteristics and special needs of this elderly ACHD population with a view to proposing novel models for the organization of extended care. <a href="/2075-4418/15/4/481">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Section <a href="/journal/diagnostics/sections/pathology">Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/4/481/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592675"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592675"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592675" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592675" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592675" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592675-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00481/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00481-g001-550.jpg?1739775419" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592675" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592675-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00481/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00481-g002-550.jpg?1739775430'><p>Figure 2</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592675-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00481/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00481-g001-550.jpg?1739775419" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Diagnosis of congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries (CCTGA) in a 69-year-old woman due to the onset of cardiac palpitations. (<b>A</b>) MRI shows a morphologically right systemic ventricle and a morphologically left subpulmonary ventricle. (<b>B</b>) The aorta is dilated and positioned anterior to and to the left of the pulmonary artery. The left atrium is also dilated. (<b>C</b>) Working against systemic resistance, the right ventricle has progressively enlarged and hypertrophied. (<b>D</b>) Electrocardiogram performed during symptoms shows supraventricular tachycardia with aberrancy. AO—aorta; LA—left atrium; PA—pulmonary artery; PLV—pulmonary left ventricle; SRV—systemic right ventricle.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/diagnostics/diagnostics-15-00481/article_deploy/html/images/diagnostics-15-00481-g002-550.jpg?1739775430" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>A 77-year-old male with a diagnosis of Double Inlet Left Ventricle (DILV) and Chronic Coronary Syndrome (CCS). He has a history of smoking, diabetes, stage II chronic kidney disease and hypothyroidism. He suffers from chronic atrial fibrillation, for which he has undergone numerous electrical cardioversions (ECVs) and is on AVK treatment. At the age of 57, he underwent coronary angioplasty and stent implantation on the left anterior descending artery (LAD). (<b>A</b>) MRI shows a large ventricular septal defect (➞) and hypoplasia of the pulmonary artery (*), and (<b>B</b>) a rudimentary right ventricle. (<b>C</b>) Angiography shows an irregular right coronary artery without critical stenosis. (<b>D</b>) The left main coronary artery is free from stenosis; the left anterior descending artery presents a good result from previous stenting in the proximal section; and the circumflex branch, codominant, is free from stenosis. CX—circumflex branch; LAD—left anterior descending artery; LMCA—left main coronary artery; LV—left ventricle; PA—pulmonary artery; RCA—right coronary artery; RV—right ventricle.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2075-4418/15/4/481'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item article-item "> <div class="article-content"> <div class="label right label__btn"> <span style="font-size: 12px; color: #1a1a1a;"> 27 pages, 5252 KiB   </span> <a href="/2227-7390/13/4/655/pdf?version=1739775239" class="UD_Listings_ArticlePDF" title="Article PDF" data-name="Mathematical Modeling and Clustering Framework for Cyber Threat Analysis Across Industries" data-journal="mathematics"> <i class="material-icons custom-download"></i> </a> </div> <div class="article-icons"><span class="label openaccess" data-dropdown="drop-article-label-openaccess" aria-expanded="false">Open Access</span><span class="label articletype">Article</span></div> <a class="title-link" href="/2227-7390/13/4/655">Mathematical Modeling and Clustering Framework for Cyber Threat Analysis Across Industries</a> <div class="authors"> by <span class="inlineblock "><strong>Fahim Sufi</strong> and </span><span class="inlineblock "><strong>Musleh Alsulami</strong></span> </div> <div class="color-grey-dark"> <em>Mathematics</em> <b>2025</b>, <em>13</em>(4), 655; https://doi.org/10.3390/math13040655 (registering DOI) - 17 Feb 2025 </div> <div class="abstract-div"> <a href="#" onclick="$(this).next('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> <strong>Abstract </strong> </a> <div class="abstract-cropped inline"> The escalating prevalence of cyber threats across industries underscores the urgent need for robust analytical frameworks to understand their clustering, prevalence, and distribution. This study addresses the challenge of quantifying and analyzing relationships between 95 distinct cyberattack types and 29 industry sectors, leveraging <a href="#" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/655/more" onclick="$(this).parents('.abstract-cropped').toggleClass('inline').next('.abstract-full').toggleClass('inline'); return false;"> [...] Read more.</a> </div> <div class="abstract-full "> The escalating prevalence of cyber threats across industries underscores the urgent need for robust analytical frameworks to understand their clustering, prevalence, and distribution. This study addresses the challenge of quantifying and analyzing relationships between 95 distinct cyberattack types and 29 industry sectors, leveraging a dataset of 9261 entries filtered from over 1 million news articles. Existing approaches often fail to capture nuanced patterns across such complex datasets, justifying the need for innovative methodologies. We present a rigorous mathematical framework integrating chi-square tests, Bayesian inference, Gaussian Mixture Models (GMMs), and Spectral Clustering. This framework identifies key patterns, such as 1150 Zero-Day Exploits clustered in the IT and Telecommunications sector, 732 Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) in Government and Public Administration, and Malware with a posterior probability of 0.287 dominating the Healthcare sector. Temporal analyses reveal periodic spikes, such as in Zero-Day Exploits, and a persistent presence of Social Engineering Attacks, with 1397 occurrences across industries. These findings are quantified using significance scores (mean: 3.25 ± 0.7) and posterior probabilities, providing evidence for industry-specific vulnerabilities. This research offers actionable insights for policymakers, cybersecurity professionals, and organizational decision makers by equipping them with a data-driven understanding of sector-specific risks. The mathematical formulations are replicable and scalable, enabling organizations to allocate resources effectively and develop proactive defenses against emerging threats. By bridging mathematical theory to real-world cybersecurity challenges, this study delivers impactful contributions toward safeguarding critical infrastructure and digital assets. <a href="/2227-7390/13/4/655">Full article</a> </div> </div> <div class="belongsTo" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> (This article belongs to the Special Issue <a href=" /journal/mathematics/special_issues/R4WN9Z00S8 ">Analytical Frameworks and Methods for Cybersecurity, 2nd Edition</a>)<br/> </div> <a href="#" class="abstract-figures-show" data-counterslink = "https://www.mdpi.com/2227-7390/13/4/655/show" ><span >►</span><span style=" display: none;">▼</span> Show Figures </a><div class="abstract-image-preview "><div class="arrow left-arrow" id="prev1592672"><i class="fa fa-caret-left"></i></div><div class="arrow right-arrow" id="next1592672"><i class="fa fa-caret-right"></i></div><div class="absgraph cycle-slideshow manual" data-cycle-fx="scrollHorz" data-cycle-timeout="0" data-cycle-next="#next1592672" data-cycle-prev="#prev1592672" data-cycle-progressive="#images1592672" data-cycle-slides=">div" data-cycle-log="false"><div class='openpopupgallery cycle-slide' data-imgindex='0' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAAD/ACwAAAAAAQABAAACADs=" data-src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g001-550.jpg?1739775348" alt="" style="border: 0;"><p>Figure 1</p></div><script id="images1592672" type="text/cycle" data-cycle-split="---"><div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='1' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g002-550.jpg?1739775348'><p>Figure 2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='2' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g003-550.jpg?1739775350'><p>Figure 3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='3' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g004-550.jpg?1739775352'><p>Figure 4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='4' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g005-550.jpg?1739775353'><p>Figure 5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='5' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g006-550.jpg?1739775354'><p>Figure 6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='6' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g007-550.jpg?1739775355'><p>Figure 7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='7' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g008-550.jpg?1739775356'><p>Figure 8</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='8' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g009-550.jpg?1739775357'><p>Figure 9</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='9' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A1-550.jpg?1739775358'><p>Figure A1</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='10' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A2-550.jpg?1739775358'><p>Figure A2</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='11' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A3-550.jpg?1739775359'><p>Figure A3</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='12' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A4-550.jpg?1739775360'><p>Figure A4</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='13' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A5-550.jpg?1739775360'><p>Figure A5</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='14' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A6-550.jpg?1739775361'><p>Figure A6</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='15' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A7-550.jpg?1739775362'><p>Figure A7</p></div> --- <div class='openpopupgallery' data-imgindex='16' data-target='article-1592672-popup'><span class="helper"></span><img src='https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A8-550.jpg?1739775362'><p>Figure A8</p></div></script></div></div><div id="article-1592672-popup" class="popupgallery" style="display: inline; line-height: 200%"><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g001-550.jpg?1739775348" title=" <strong>Figure 1</strong><br/> <p>Diagram of methodology.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g002-550.jpg?1739775348" title=" <strong>Figure 2</strong><br/> <p>News data acquisition process. GPT-Based extraction of features was performed on the News title.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g003-550.jpg?1739775350" title=" <strong>Figure 3</strong><br/> <p>Heatmap of significant attack types across key industries. The figure highlights the clustering of specific attack types within prominent industries, showcasing their frequency and distribution.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g004-550.jpg?1739775352" title=" <strong>Figure 4</strong><br/> <p>Dominant attack types per top 7 industries. The chart highlights the leading attack types for the most impacted industries, emphasizing their frequency and dominance.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g005-550.jpg?1739775353" title=" <strong>Figure 5</strong><br/> <p>Bar chart of dominant attack types across significant industries. The figure illustrates the posterior probabilities <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>|</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>, highlighting the most prevalent attack types for each key industry.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g006-550.jpg?1739775354" title=" <strong>Figure 6</strong><br/> <p>Heatmap of posterior probabilities <math display="inline"><semantics> <mrow> <mi>P</mi> <mo>(</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>|</mo> <mi>I</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </semantics></math>. The figure visualizes the clustering of attack types across industries, providing a detailed view of their prevalence and likelihood.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g007-550.jpg?1739775355" title=" <strong>Figure 7</strong><br/> <p>Results obtained with GMM Clustering. The figure shows clusters of attack types based on their relationships with industries.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g008-550.jpg?1739775356" title=" <strong>Figure 8</strong><br/> <p>Results obtained with Spectral Clustering. The figure highlights affinity-based clusters of attack types across industries.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g009-550.jpg?1739775357" title=" <strong>Figure 9</strong><br/> <p>Temporal trends of top 4 attack types. The figure illustrates the monthly frequencies of the most significant attack types, showcasing their dynamic nature over time.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A1-550.jpg?1739775358" title=" <strong>Figure A1</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Information Technology and Telecommunication.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A2-550.jpg?1739775358" title=" <strong>Figure A2</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Government and Public Administration.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A3-550.jpg?1739775359" title=" <strong>Figure A3</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Financial Services.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A4-550.jpg?1739775360" title=" <strong>Figure A4</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Healthcare and Public Health.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A5-550.jpg?1739775360" title=" <strong>Figure A5</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Manufacturing and Industrial.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A6-550.jpg?1739775361" title=" <strong>Figure A6</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Retail and E-commerce.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A7-550.jpg?1739775362" title=" <strong>Figure A7</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Transportation and Logistics.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a><a href="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/mathematics/mathematics-13-00655/article_deploy/html/images/mathematics-13-00655-g0A8-550.jpg?1739775362" title=" <strong>Figure A8</strong><br/> <p>Distribution of top 5 attack types for Energy and Utilities.</p> <strong style='display: block; margin-top: 10px; font-size: 18px;'><a style='color: #fff' href='/2227-7390/13/4/655'>Full article</a></strong> "></a></div> </div> </div> <div class="generic-item last-item"> <a class="bold" href="/search?sort=pubdate&page_count=50">More Articles...</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="left-column" class="content__column large-3 large-pull-6 medium-3 medium-pull-6 small-12 columns"> <div id="js-large-main-top-container"> <div id="js-main-top-container" class="content__container top-border"> <h1 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Intell.)</option> <option value="jlpea">Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications (JLPEA)</option> <option value="jmmp">Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing (JMMP)</option> <option value="jmse">Journal of Marine Science and Engineering (JMSE)</option> <option value="jmahp">Journal of Market Access & Health Policy (JMAHP)</option> <option value="jmms">Journal of Mind and Medical Sciences (JMMS)</option> <option value="jmp">Journal of Molecular Pathology (JMP)</option> <option value="jnt">Journal of Nanotheranostics (JNT)</option> <option value="jne">Journal of Nuclear Engineering (JNE)</option> <option value="ohbm">Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine (JOHBM)</option> <option value="jop">Journal of Parks</option> <option value="jpm">Journal of Personalized Medicine (JPM)</option> <option value="jpbi">Journal of Pharmaceutical and BioTech Industry (JPBI)</option> <option value="jor">Journal of Respiration (JoR)</option> <option value="jrfm">Journal of Risk and Financial Management (JRFM)</option> <option value="jsan">Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks (JSAN)</option> <option value="joma">Journal of the Oman Medical Association (JOMA)</option> <option value="jtaer">Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (JTAER)</option> <option value="jvd">Journal of Vascular Diseases (JVD)</option> <option value="jox">Journal of Xenobiotics (JoX)</option> <option value="jzbg">Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens (JZBG)</option> <option value="journalmedia">Journalism and Media</option> <option value="kidneydial">Kidney and Dialysis</option> <option value="kinasesphosphatases">Kinases and Phosphatases</option> <option value="knowledge">Knowledge</option> <option value="labmed">LabMed</option> <option value="laboratories">Laboratories</option> <option value="land">Land</option> <option value="languages">Languages</option> <option value="laws">Laws</option> <option value="life">Life</option> <option value="limnolrev">Limnological Review</option> <option value="lipidology">Lipidology</option> <option value="liquids">Liquids</option> <option value="literature">Literature</option> <option value="livers">Livers</option> <option value="logics">Logics</option> <option value="logistics">Logistics</option> <option value="lubricants">Lubricants</option> <option value="lymphatics">Lymphatics</option> <option value="make">Machine Learning and Knowledge Extraction (MAKE)</option> <option value="machines">Machines</option> <option value="macromol">Macromol</option> <option value="magnetism">Magnetism</option> <option value="magnetochemistry">Magnetochemistry</option> <option value="marinedrugs">Marine Drugs</option> <option value="materials">Materials</option> <option value="materproc">Materials Proceedings</option> <option value="mca">Mathematical and Computational Applications (MCA)</option> <option value="mathematics">Mathematics</option> <option value="medsci">Medical Sciences</option> <option value="msf">Medical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="medicina">Medicina</option> <option value="medicines">Medicines</option> <option value="membranes">Membranes</option> <option value="merits">Merits</option> <option value="metabolites">Metabolites</option> <option value="metals">Metals</option> <option value="meteorology">Meteorology</option> <option value="methane">Methane</option> <option value="mps">Methods and Protocols (MPs)</option> <option value="metrics">Metrics</option> <option value="metrology">Metrology</option> <option value="micro">Micro</option> <option value="microbiolres">Microbiology Research</option> <option value="micromachines">Micromachines</option> <option value="microorganisms">Microorganisms</option> <option value="microplastics">Microplastics</option> <option value="microwave">Microwave</option> <option value="minerals">Minerals</option> <option value="mining">Mining</option> <option value="modelling">Modelling</option> <option value="mmphys">Modern Mathematical Physics</option> <option value="molbank">Molbank</option> <option value="molecules">Molecules</option> <option value="mti">Multimodal Technologies and Interaction (MTI)</option> <option value="muscles">Muscles</option> <option value="nanoenergyadv">Nanoenergy Advances</option> <option value="nanomanufacturing">Nanomanufacturing</option> <option value="nanomaterials">Nanomaterials</option> <option value="ndt">NDT</option> <option value="network">Network</option> <option value="neuroglia">Neuroglia</option> <option value="neurolint">Neurology International</option> <option value="neurosci">NeuroSci</option> <option value="nitrogen">Nitrogen</option> <option value="ncrna">Non-Coding RNA (ncRNA)</option> <option value="nursrep">Nursing Reports</option> <option value="nutraceuticals">Nutraceuticals</option> <option value="nutrients">Nutrients</option> <option value="obesities">Obesities</option> <option value="oceans">Oceans</option> <option value="onco">Onco</option> <option value="optics">Optics</option> <option value="oral">Oral</option> <option value="organics">Organics</option> <option value="organoids">Organoids</option> <option value="osteology">Osteology</option> <option value="oxygen">Oxygen</option> <option value="parasitologia">Parasitologia</option> <option value="particles">Particles</option> <option value="pathogens">Pathogens</option> <option value="pathophysiology">Pathophysiology</option> <option value="pediatrrep">Pediatric Reports</option> <option value="pets">Pets</option> <option value="pharmaceuticals">Pharmaceuticals</option> <option value="pharmaceutics">Pharmaceutics</option> <option value="pharmacoepidemiology">Pharmacoepidemiology</option> <option value="pharmacy">Pharmacy</option> <option value="philosophies">Philosophies</option> <option value="photochem">Photochem</option> <option value="photonics">Photonics</option> <option value="phycology">Phycology</option> <option value="physchem">Physchem</option> <option value="psf">Physical Sciences Forum</option> <option value="physics">Physics</option> <option value="physiologia">Physiologia</option> <option value="plants">Plants</option> <option value="plasma">Plasma</option> <option value="platforms">Platforms</option> <option value="pollutants">Pollutants</option> <option value="polymers">Polymers</option> <option value="polysaccharides">Polysaccharides</option> <option value="populations">Populations</option> <option value="poultry">Poultry</option> <option value="powders">Powders</option> <option value="proceedings">Proceedings</option> <option value="processes">Processes</option> <option value="prosthesis">Prosthesis</option> <option value="proteomes">Proteomes</option> <option value="psychiatryint">Psychiatry International</option> <option value="psychoactives">Psychoactives</option> <option value="psycholint">Psychology International</option> <option value="publications">Publications</option> <option value="qubs">Quantum Beam Science (QuBS)</option> <option value="quantumrep">Quantum Reports</option> <option value="quaternary">Quaternary</option> <option value="radiation">Radiation</option> <option value="reactions">Reactions</option> <option value="realestate">Real Estate</option> <option value="receptors">Receptors</option> <option value="recycling">Recycling</option> <option value="rsee">Regional Science and Environmental Economics (RSEE)</option> <option value="religions">Religions</option> <option value="remotesensing">Remote Sensing</option> <option value="reports">Reports</option> <option value="reprodmed">Reproductive Medicine (Reprod. Med.)</option> <option value="resources">Resources</option> <option value="rheumato">Rheumato</option> <option value="risks">Risks</option> <option value="robotics">Robotics</option> <option value="ruminants">Ruminants</option> <option value="safety">Safety</option> <option value="sci">Sci</option> <option value="scipharm">Scientia Pharmaceutica (Sci. Pharm.)</option> <option value="sclerosis">Sclerosis</option> <option value="seeds">Seeds</option> <option value="sensors">Sensors</option> <option value="separations">Separations</option> <option value="sexes">Sexes</option> <option value="signals">Signals</option> <option value="sinusitis">Sinusitis</option> <option value="smartcities">Smart Cities</option> <option value="socsci">Social Sciences</option> <option value="siuj">Société Internationale d’Urologie Journal (SIUJ)</option> <option value="societies">Societies</option> <option value="software">Software</option> <option value="soilsystems">Soil Systems</option> <option value="solar">Solar</option> <option value="solids">Solids</option> <option value="spectroscj">Spectroscopy Journal</option> <option value="sports">Sports</option> <option value="standards">Standards</option> <option value="stats">Stats</option> <option value="stresses">Stresses</option> <option value="surfaces">Surfaces</option> <option value="surgeries">Surgeries</option> <option value="std">Surgical Techniques Development</option> <option value="sustainability">Sustainability</option> <option value="suschem">Sustainable Chemistry</option> <option value="symmetry">Symmetry</option> <option value="synbio">SynBio</option> <option value="systems">Systems</option> <option value="targets">Targets</option> <option value="taxonomy">Taxonomy</option> <option value="technologies">Technologies</option> <option value="telecom">Telecom</option> <option value="textiles">Textiles</option> <option value="thalassrep">Thalassemia Reports</option> <option value="therapeutics">Therapeutics</option> <option value="thermo">Thermo</option> <option value="timespace">Time and Space</option> <option value="tomography">Tomography</option> <option value="tourismhosp">Tourism and Hospitality</option> <option value="toxics">Toxics</option> <option value="toxins">Toxins</option> <option value="transplantology">Transplantology</option> <option value="traumacare">Trauma Care</option> <option value="higheredu">Trends in Higher Education</option> <option value="tropicalmed">Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease (TropicalMed)</option> <option value="universe">Universe</option> <option value="urbansci">Urban Science</option> <option value="uro">Uro</option> <option value="vaccines">Vaccines</option> <option value="vehicles">Vehicles</option> <option value="venereology">Venereology</option> <option value="vetsci">Veterinary Sciences</option> <option value="vibration">Vibration</option> <option value="virtualworlds">Virtual Worlds</option> <option value="viruses">Viruses</option> <option value="vision">Vision</option> <option value="waste">Waste</option> <option value="water">Water</option> <option value="wild">Wild</option> <option value="wind">Wind</option> <option value="women">Women</option> <option value="world">World</option> <option value="wevj">World Electric Vehicle Journal (WEVJ)</option> <option value="youth">Youth</option> <option value="zoonoticdis">Zoonotic Diseases</option> </select> </div> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-browse-by link-browse-by__indexing UI_BrowseIndexing_Closed"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Browse by Indexing </a> <ul class="side-menu-ul side-menu-ul--padded index-browse-subjects hidden UI_BrowseIndexing_Elements"> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/scopus">Scopus</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/wos">Web of Science</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/sci">SCIE</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/ssci">SSCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/ahci">AHCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li side-menu-li__intended"> <a href="/about/journals/esci">ESCI</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/pubmed">PubMed</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/medline">MEDLINE</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/pmc">PMC</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/embase">Embase</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/compendex">Ei Compendex</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/inspec">Inspec</a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li "> <a href="/about/journals/cas">CAPlus / SciFinder</a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" id="link-browse-by" class="bolded-text link-browse-by link-browse-by__subject UI_BrowseSubject_Closed"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Browse by Subject </a> <ul class="side-menu-ul side-menu-ul--padded index-browse-subjects hidden UI_BrowseSubject_Elements"> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/bio-life"> Biology & Life Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/business-econ"> Business & Economics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/chem-materials"> Chemistry & Materials Science </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/computer-math"> Computer Science & Mathematics </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/engineering"> Engineering </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/environment"> Environmental & Earth Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/med-pharma"> Medicine & Pharmacology </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/physics-astronomy"> Physical Sciences </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/health"> Public Health & Healthcare </a> </li> <li class="side-menu-li" style="line-height: 18px; position: relative;"> <a href="/subject/arts-humanity"> Social Sciences, Arts and Humanities </a> </li> </ul> <a href="#" class="bolded-text link-browse-by show-for-small" style="margin-bottom: 10px;"> <span class="closed">►</span> <span class="open" style="display: none;">▼</span> Selected Journals </a> <ul id="index-journals" class="hidden"> <li> <a href="/journal/applsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/applsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Applied Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/ijms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijms-logo-sq.png?41930e44070e4940" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJMS <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sustainability"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sustainability-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sustainability <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jcm"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jcm-logo-sq.png?6922832c4f546280" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JCM <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/sensors"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/sensors-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Sensors <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/energies"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/energies-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Energies <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/materials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/materials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Materials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/molecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/molecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Molecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/electronics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/electronics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Electronics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nutrients"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nutrients-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nutrients <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/remotesensing"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/remotesensing-logo-sq.png?33ab614e9661caf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Remote Sensing <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/foods"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/foods-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Foods <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cancers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cancers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cancers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/mathematics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/mathematics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Mathematics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/buildings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/buildings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Buildings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/animals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/animals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Animals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/plants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/plants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Plants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/water"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/water-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Water <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/processes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/processes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Processes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/polymers"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/polymers-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Polymers <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agronomy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agronomy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agronomy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/diagnostics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/diagnostics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Diagnostics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/microorganisms"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/microorganisms-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Microorganisms <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomedicines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomedicines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomedicines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/agriculture"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/agriculture-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Agriculture <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/land"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/land-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Land <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/healthcare"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/healthcare-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Healthcare <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/jmse"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/jmse-logo-sq.png?7a9fe15cd28a3a0d" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> JMSE <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/forests"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/forests-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Forests <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/medicina"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/medicina-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Medicina <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/cells"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/cells-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Cells <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/nanomaterials"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/nanomaterials-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Nanomaterials <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/life"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/life-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Life <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biomolecules"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biomolecules-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biomolecules <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceuticals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceuticals-logo-sq.png?746b14512b967404" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceuticals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/symmetry"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/symmetry-logo-sq.png?2c65edf82f527115" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Symmetry <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/viruses"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/viruses-logo-sq.png?9dcd988b1d672389" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Viruses <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/ijerph"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/ijerph-logo-sq.png?f4a7c3c190986910" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> IJERPH </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antioxidants"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antioxidants-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antioxidants <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">6.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pharmaceutics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pharmaceutics-logo-sq.png?12ec7dfd193b82bf" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pharmaceutics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/religions"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/religions-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Religions <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">0.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/genes"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/genes-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Genes <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/children"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/children-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Children <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/education"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/education-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Education Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/atmosphere"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/atmosphere-logo-sq.png?88fe2866c16662af" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Atmosphere <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/coatings"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/coatings-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Coatings <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.9</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/horticulturae"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/horticulturae-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Horticulturae <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/behavsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/behavsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Behavioral Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.5</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/biology"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/biology-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Biology <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/micromachines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/micromachines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Micromachines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.0</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/metals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/metals-logo-sq.png?e13532d60707dc57" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Metals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.6</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/vaccines"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/vaccines-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Vaccines <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">5.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/entropy"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/entropy-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Entropy <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/antibiotics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/antibiotics-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Antibiotics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">4.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/bioengineering"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/bioengineering-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Bioengineering <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/brainsci"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/brainsci-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Brain Sciences <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/insects"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/insects-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Insects <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.7</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/minerals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/minerals-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Minerals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.2</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/crystals"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/crystals-logo-sq.png?a2c22e8538083c0b" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Crystals <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.4</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/pathogens"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/pathogens-logo-sq.png?5e90221cc618abf2" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Pathogens <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.3</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/catalysts"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/catalysts-logo-sq.png?8600e93ff98dbf14" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Catalysts <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">3.8</span> </span> </a> </li> <li> <a href="/journal/photonics"> <img src="https://pub.mdpi-res.com/img/journals/photonics-logo-sq.png?8f2b3fc8179503ee" alt="" border="0" style="max-width: 100%; max-height: 50px; height: auto;"> Photonics <span class="impact-factor"> IMPACT<br/> FACTOR<br/> <span class="if" style="font-family: Suisse Intl;">2.1</span> </span> </a> </li> </ul> <div 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