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href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" data-event-name="menu.edit" data-mw="interface" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-edit"> Baguhin </a></li> </ul> </nav> <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"> <script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="tl" dir="ltr"> <section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <table class="toccolours" cellspacing="3px" style="float: right; clear: right; margin: 0 0 1em 1em; text-align:center;"> <tbody> <tr> <td colspan="2">Bahagi ito ng serye hinggil sa <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Kristiyanismo</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Christian_cross.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/50px-Christian_cross.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/75px-Christian_cross.svg.png 1.5x,https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Christian_cross.svg/100px-Christian_cross.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="404" data-file-height="564"></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:11px"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kasaysayan_ng_Kristiyanismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kasaysayan ng Kristiyanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kasaysayan ng Kristiyanismo</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Alagad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Alagad">Mga Alagad</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_kapulungang_ekumenikal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga kapulungang ekumenikal">Mga kapulungang ekumenikal</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangan-Kanlurang_Pagpapangkat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Silangan-Kanlurang Pagpapangkat">Malakihang Pagkakapangkat</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagbabagong_Protestante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagbabagong Protestante">Pagbabago</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:11px"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos_Ama?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos Ama">Diyos Ama</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristo">Kristo</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anak_ng_Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anak ng Diyos">Anak ng Diyos</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banal_na_Espiritu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Banal na Espiritu">Banal na Espiritu</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:11px"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliyang_Hebreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bibliyang Hebreo">Lumang Tipan</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apokripa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apokripa">Apokripa</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo">Mga Ebanghelyo</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampung_Utos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampung Utos">Sampung Utos</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pangaral_sa_Bundok&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pangaral sa Bundok (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pangaral sa Bundok</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:11px"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teolohiyang_Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teolohiyang Kristiyano">Teolohiyang Kristiyano</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagliligtas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagliligtas">Pagliligtas</a> · <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Banal_na_Biyaya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Banal na Biyaya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biyaya</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pananampalatayang_Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pananampalatayang Kristiyano">Pananampalatayang Kristiyano</a></td> </tr> <tr> <td style="font-size:11px"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Kristiyano">Simbahang Kristiyano</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katolisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katolisismo">Katolisismo</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ortodoksiya">Ortodoksiya</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantismo">Protestantismo</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_denominasyong_Kristiyano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga denominasyong Kristiyano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga denominasyong Kristiyano</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_kilusang_Kristiyano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga kilusang Kristiyano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga kilusang Kristiyano</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekumenismong_Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekumenismong Kristiyano">Ekumenismong Kristiyano</a> </td> </tr> </tbody> </table> Ang Kristiyanismo ay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Abrahamiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Abrahamiko">Abrahamiko</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monoteistang&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monoteistang (hindi pa naisusulat)">monoteistang</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> na nakabatay sa buhay at mga aral ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesu_Kristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesu Kristo">Hesu Kristo</a>, ang itinataguriang Anak ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">Diyos</a> at tagapagligtas ng sangkatauhan. Sa kasalukuyan, ito ang pinakamalaking relihiyon sa mundo, na may humigit-kumulang 2.4 bilyong kasapi o 31.2% ng pandaigdigang populasyon. Ang Kristiyanismo sa simulang kasaysayan nito noong mga maagang siglo nito ay hindi isang nagkakaisang kilusan ngunit binubuo ng mga pangkat na may mga magkakatunggaling pananaw na gumagamit ng mga iba't ibang kasulatan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-1">[1]</a> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng Bagong Tipan (na tinatanggap ng marami ngunit hindi lahat ng Kristiyano sa ngayon) na nabuo lamang noong ika-4 siglo CE ang kanon na pinagpasyahan ng isang pangkat ng Kristiyano. Sa karagdagan, ang mga kasunduan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teolohiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Teolohiya">teolohiya</a> ay nabuo lámang sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Pitong_Konsilyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unang Pitong Konsilyo">Unang Pitong Konsilyo</a> na nagsimula lamang noong ika-4 siglo CE kung saan ang pangkat na nanalo sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halalan">halalang</a> ito ang naging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Ortodoksiya">ortodoksiya</a>. Ang mga konsehong ito ay inumpisahan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakilang_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakilang Constantino">Emperador Constantino</a> upang maabot ang isang pagkakaisa ng mga magkakatunggaling sektang Kristiyano sa kanyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyong_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Imperyong Romano">Imperyong Romano</a>. Sa mga konsehong ito na kinondena ng nanalong ortodoksiya ang kanilang mga katunggaling sektang Kristiyano na natalo sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halalan">halalang</a> ito bilang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erehiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erehiya">eretiko</a>. Ang ortodoksiya ang ginawang opisyal na relihiyon ng Imperyo Romano ni Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> at kanyang sinupil ang ibang mga sektang Kristiyano gayundin ang mga relihiyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a> na katunggali ng ortodoksiyang ito. Kalaunan, ang ortodoksiya ay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#P">nagkabaha-bahagi sa iba't ibang mga pangkat</a> dahil sa mga hindi mapagkasunduang doktrina. Ang mga pagkakabaha-bahaging ito ay nagpapatuloy pa rin hanggang sa kasalukuyang panahon dahil sa mga iba't ibang magkakatunggaling interpretasyon tungkol sa tunay na kalikasan at mga katuruan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a>. Ang mga karamihan sa mga sektang ito ay nag-aangkin na sila <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ang_isang_totoong_simbahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ang isang totoong simbahan">ang isang totoong simbahang</a> Kristiyano at ang ibang mga sektang Kristiyano ay hindi totoo. <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"> <input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"> <div class="toctitle" lang="tl" dir="ltr"> <h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Nilalaman</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label> </div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Simula_at_kahulugan_ng_pangalang_Kristiyano">1 Simula at kahulugan ng pangalang Kristiyano</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kasaysayan">2 Kasaysayan</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-3"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Unang_siglo">2.1 Unang siglo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-4"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Alitan_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_pinunong_Kristiyano">2.1.1 Alitan sa pagitan ng mga pinunong Kristiyano</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-5"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ikalawang_siglo">2.2 Ikalawang siglo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-6"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ikatlong_siglo">2.3 Ikatlong siglo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-7"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ikaapat_na_siglo">2.4 Ikaapat na siglo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-8"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Sa_ilalim_ni_Emperador_Constantino_I">2.5 Sa ilalim ni Emperador Constantino I</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-9"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagtatatag_ng_Ortodoksiyang_Katoliko">2.5.1 Pagtatatag ng Ortodoksiyang Katoliko</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-10"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pag-uusig_ng_mga_Kristiyano_sa_paganismo">2.6 Pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa paganismo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-11"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagkakalikha_ng_Kanon_na_Katoliko">2.6.1 Pagkakalikha ng Kanon na Katoliko</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-12"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagkakabaha-bahagi_ng_Kristiyanismo">2.7 Pagkakabaha-bahagi ng Kristiyanismo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-13"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_Gitnang_Panahon">2.8 Mga Gitnang Panahon</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-14"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_Krusada">2.8.1 Mga Krusada</a></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-15"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_inkisisyon">2.8.2 Mga inkisisyon</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-16"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Renasimiyento_at_mga_reporma">2.9 Renasimiyento at mga reporma</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-17"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panahon_ng_Protestanteng_Repormasyon">2.10 Panahon ng Protestanteng Repormasyon</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-18"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan_at_sekularismo">2.10.1 Panahon ng Kaliwanagan at sekularismo</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-19"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_naka-impluwensiya_sa_Kristiyanismo">3 Mga naka-impluwensiya sa Kristiyanismo</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-20"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_Paniniwala_ng_iba't_ibang_sektang_Kristiyano">4 Mga Paniniwala ng iba't ibang sektang Kristiyano</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-21"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagkakatulad">4.1 Pagkakatulad</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-22"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_Pagkakaiba">4.2 Mga Pagkakaiba</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-23"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_iba't_ibang_doktrina">4.2.1 Mga iba't ibang doktrina</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-24"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalikasan_ng_diyos">4.2.1.1 Kalikasan ng diyos</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-25"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalikasan_ni_Hesus">4.2.1.2 Kalikasan ni Hesus</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-3 tocsection-26"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalikasan_ng_Espirito_Santo">4.2.2 Kalikasan ng Espirito Santo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-27"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kalikasan_ni_Maria">4.2.2.1 Kalikasan ni Maria</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-28"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Anyo_ng_pagsamba">4.2.2.2 Anyo ng pagsamba</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-29"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paggamit_ng_deuterokanoniko">4.2.2.3 Paggamit ng deuterokanoniko</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-30"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pinagkukunan_ng_doktrina">4.2.2.4 Pinagkukunan ng doktrina</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-31"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Paggamit_ng_ikono">4.2.2.5 Paggamit ng ikono</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-32"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Impiyerno">4.2.2.6 Impiyerno</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-33"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Predestinasyon">4.2.2.7 Predestinasyon</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-34"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Interpretasyon_ng_Eskatolohiya">4.2.2.8 Interpretasyon ng Eskatolohiya</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-35"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pagbabalik_ni_Hesus">4.2.2.9 Pagbabalik ni Hesus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-36"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Ordinasyon_ng_babae">4.2.2.10 Ordinasyon ng babae</a></li> <li class="toclevel-4 tocsection-37"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kasaganaan">4.2.2.11 Kasaganaan</a></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-38"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kritisismo_ng_Krisitiyanismo">5 Kritisismo ng Krisitiyanismo</a> <ul> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-39"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tagagpagtatag_ng_Kristiyanismo_na_si_Hesus">5.1 Tagagpagtatag ng Kristiyanismo na si Hesus</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-40"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tekstuwal_na_kritisismo_ng_Bagong_Tipan">5.2 Tekstuwal na kritisismo ng Bagong Tipan</a></li> <li class="toclevel-2 tocsection-41"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Pag-aasal_ng_mga_Kristiyano_sa_buong_kasaysayan">5.3 Pag-aasal ng mga Kristiyano sa buong kasaysayan</a></li> </ul></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-42"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Tingnan_din">6 Tingnan din</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-43"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Talababa">7 Talababa</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-44"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Mga_sanggunian">8 Mga sanggunian</a></li> </ul> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"> <h2 id="Simula_at_kahulugan_ng_pangalang_Kristiyano">Simula at kahulugan ng pangalang Kristiyano</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Simula at kahulugan ng pangalang Kristiyano" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> Ang pangalang Kristiyano (Griyegong Χριστιανός, "Christianos" Strong's G5546), ay may kahulugang "kabílang kay Kristo" o "pagmamay-ari ni Kristo", na naging tawag para sa mga sinaunang disipulo sa lungsod ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioke?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioke">Antioke</a> na kilala rin bilang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioque">Antioque</a> o <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> (Gawa 11:26). Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=San_Ignacio_ng_Antioch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="San Ignacio ng Antioch (hindi pa naisusulat)">San Ignacio ng Antioch</a> ang unang gumamit ng "Kristiyanismo" (Χριστιανισμός, "Christianismos") bílang pangalan ng pananampalataya kay Kristo. Sa diwà ng Kristiyanismo, kapag ginamit ang salitang Kristiyano - kasáma at katulad ng mga katagang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alagad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alagad">alagad</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol">apostol</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Disipulo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Disipulo">disipulo</a>, mananampalataya, sumasampalatáyà, nanalig, o naniniwala - nagpapahiwatig ito ng pagtitiwala at pagsunod kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesukristo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hesukristo">Hesukristo</a>. Ginamit ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simon_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon Pedro">Simon Pedro</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Haring_Agrippa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Haring Agrippa (hindi pa naisusulat)">Haring Agrippa</a> ang katawagang Kristiyano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Biblia4-2">[2]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"> <h2 id="Kasaysayan">Kasaysayan</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=2&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaysayan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Tingnan din: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Pitong_Konsehong_Ekumenikal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal">Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Kasaysayan" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Kasaysayan ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko</a> </div> Ang pinaniniwalaan (ng mga Kristiyano) na tagapagtatag ng Kristiyanismo na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ay pinaniwalaang ipinanganak sa Romanong Judea sa pagitan ng 7 BCE at 2 CE.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-3">[3]</a> Ang Kristiyanismo ay nagsimulang kumalat mula sa Herusalem tungo sa mga lugar gaya ng Syria, Assyria, Mesopotamia, Phoenicia, Asia Minor, Jordan at Ehipto. Ang Kristiyanismo ay ginawang opisyal na relihiyon ng estado ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenia</a> noong 301 CE, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Georgia_(bansa)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Georgia (bansa)">Georgia</a> noong 319 CE, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Imperyong_Aksumnite&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Imperyong Aksumnite (hindi pa naisusulat)">Imperyong Aksumnite</a> noong 325 CE at ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyo Romano">imperyo Romano</a> noong 380 CE. Ang mga kondisyon sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyo Romano">imperyo Romano</a> ay nagpadali sa pagkalat ng mga bagong ideya. Ang mga mahuhusay na lansangan at mga daanang pantubig ay pumayag sa madalíng paglalakbay samantalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pax_Romana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pax Romana">Pax Romana</a> ay gumawa sa paglalakbay mula sa isang rehiyon tungo sa isa pa na ligtas. Ang mga sinaunang Kristiyano ay nakaakay ng mga pamayanang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudyo</a> sa buong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Dagat_Meditteraneo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Dagat Meditteraneo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Dagat Meditteraneo</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwickhenry23and24-4">[4]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Hitchcock_281-5">[5]</a> Bagaman ang karamihan ng mga naakay sa Kristiyanismo ay mula sa Imperyo Romano, ang mga kilalang pamayanang Kristiyano ay itinatag rin sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Iran">Iran</a> at sa kahabaan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Baybaying_Malabar?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baybaying Malabar">Baybaying Malabar</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-AFM-6">[6]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-7">[7]</a> Ang bagong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> na Kristiyanismo ay pinakamatagumpay sa mga lugar na urbano at kumalat muna sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alipin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alipin">alipin</a> at mga tao na may mabababang mga katayuan sa lipunan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-8">[8]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Unang_siglo">Unang siglo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=3&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Unang siglo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Alitan_sa_pagitan_ng_mga_pinunong_Kristiyano">Alitan sa pagitan ng mga pinunong Kristiyano</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=4&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Alitan sa pagitan ng mga pinunong Kristiyano" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Sa simula, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> at Kristiyanismo ayon sa mga iskolar ay hindi pa hiwalay at ang mga Kristiyano ay sumasambang kasáma ng mga Hudyo na tinatawag ng mga historyan na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudyong_Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudyong Kristiyano">Hudyong Kristiyano</a> gaya ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a>. Ang mga Hudyong Kristiyano ang bumubuo sa karamihan ng mga Kristiyano sa unang siglo ng Kristiyanismo at sumusunod pa rin sa mga Kautusan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moises">Moises</a> ayon sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Gawa_ng_mga_Apostol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol">Mga Gawa ng mga Apostol</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davidson115-9">[9]</a> Gayunpaman, dahil ang mga ibang Kristiyano ay nagsimulang umakay sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hentil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hentil">hentil</a> (hindi Hudyo), nagkaroon ng alitan sa pagitan ng mga Kristiyano kung dapat pang sundin ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hentil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hentil">hentil</a> (hindi-Hudyo) ang mga kautusan ni Moises. Upang malutas ang mga magkakatunggaling pananaw tungkol sa Kautusan ni Moises, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Herusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Herusalem">konseho ng Herusalem</a> ay tinipon ng mga haligi ng iglesia (simbahan) na sina Pedro at Santiago (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DGalatians%25202:9%26version%3Dnrsv">Galacia 2:9</a>). Nagpasya si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Santiago_ang_Makatarungan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Santiago ang Makatarungan">Santiago ang Makatarungan</a> na ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hentil?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hentil">hentil</a> (hindi-Hudyo) ay maaaring maging mga Kristiyano nang hindi sumusunod sa ilang mga kautusan ni Moises gaya ng pagtutuli ngunit kailangan pa ring silang sumunod sa ilang mga kautusan ni Moises gaya ng paglayo sa mga pagkaing inihandog sa mga diyos-diyosan at binigti at dugo, imoralidad...sapagkat ang kautusan ni Moises ay ipinapangaral sa bawat lungsod mula pa nang unang panahon at binabasa ito sa mga sinagoga bawat araw ng Sabat (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D15:20-21">Mga Gawa</a>*).<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwick37-10">[10]</a> Gayunpaman, ayon <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D16:3-4">Mga Gawa</a>*, tinuli ni Pablo si Timoteo at sa pagtahak nila sa mga lungsod, ibinigay nila Pablo sa mga iglesia ang pinagpasiyahan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol">apostol</a> at ng mga nakakatanda sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Herusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Herusalem">konseho ng Herusalem</a> na kanilang dapat sundin.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwickhenry23and24-4">[4]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculloch109-11">[11]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davidson149-12">[12]</a> Ang alitan tungkol sa pagsunod sa Kautusan ni Moises ay hindi natapos sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Herusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Herusalem">konseho ng Herusalem</a>. Ayon sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D21:17-25">Mga Gawa</a>*, nabalitaan ng mga Hudyo patungkol kay Pablo, na tinuturuan mo ang lahat ng mga Hudyo na nasa mga hentil, ng pagtalikod kay Moises. Sinabi mo na huwag tuliin ang kanilang mga anak, ni mamuhay ng ayon sa mga kaugalian...Dalisayiin mo ang iyong sarili kasama nila. Bayaran mo ang kanilang magugugol upang magpaahit sila ng kanilang mga ulo. Upang malaman ng lahat na hindi totoo ang mga bagay na nabalitaan nila patungkol sa iyo. At malalaman din na ikaw ay lumalakad ng maayos na tumutupad ng kautusan.". Ayon sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DGalatians%25202:11%25E2%2580%259314%26version%3Dnrsv">Galacia 2:11–14</a>, kinompronta at sinaway ni Pablo si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pedro">Pedro</a> dahil sa pamimilit ni Pedro sa mga hentil na sumunod sa kautusan ni Moises. Taliwas sa pinagpasyahan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Herusalem?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Herusalem">Konseho ng Herusalem</a> na bawal kainin ang pagkaing inihandog sa diyos-diyosan, binigti at dugo, isinaad ni Pablo sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Corinthians%252010:25%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Corinto 10:25</a>, "anumang ipinagbibili sa pamilihan ay kainin ninyo".<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-13">[13]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-14">[14]</a> at sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Corinthians%25208:4%25E2%2580%25938%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Corinto 8:4–8</a> ay "hindi tayo nagiging katanggap-tanggap sa Diyos sa pamamagitan ng pagkain". Ang pagkain ng mga inihandog sa diyos-diyosan ay ipinagbawal rin ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DRevelation%25202:20%26version%3Dnrsv">Pahayag 2:20,14</a>. Bagaman nakapasok sa kanon na Katoliko ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>, ang mga sulat na ito ay itinakwil ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudyong-Kristiyano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudyong-Kristiyano">Hudyong-Kristiyanong</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> na naniniwalang si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> ay isang natalikod at impostor na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol">apostol</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-15">[15]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-16">[16]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-17">[17]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-18">[18]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ikalawang_siglo">Ikalawang siglo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=5&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ikalawang siglo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Ang ilang mga pamayanang Kristiyano sa ikalawang siglo CE ay nagebolb sa isang mas may istrukturang hierarka na ang isang sentral na obispo ay may autoridad sa siyudad at humantong sa pagpapaunlad ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Obispong_Metropolitan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Obispong Metropolitan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Obispong Metropolitan</a>. Ang organisasyon ng Simbahang Kristiyano ay nagsimulang gumaya sa organisasyon ng Imperyo Romano. Ang mga obispo sa mga siyudad na mas mahalaga sa politika ay naglapat ng mas malaking autoridad sa mga obispo sa mga kalapit na siyudad.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy9and10-19">[19]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-markus75-20">[20]</a> Ang mga simbahan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> ang humawak ng pinakamatataas na mga posisyon.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculloch134-21">[21]</a> Kabilang sa mga magkakatunggaling pananaw na Kristiyanong lumaganap noong ika-2 siglo ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Montanismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Montanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Montanismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Docetismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Docetismo">Docetismo</a>. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcion?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcion">Marcion</a> ang pinaniniwalang ang unang nagtipon ng isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> na binubuo lamang 11 mga aklat na isang Ebanghelyo ni Lucas at 10 <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a>. Ang ibang mga aklat nang kalaunang naging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng Bagong Tipan ay itinakwil ni Marcion. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irenaeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> ang unang nagmungkahi ng pagtanggap lamang sa apat na ebanghelyo at nangatwiran laban sa mga ibang pangkat na Kristiyano na gumagamit ng mga ebanghelyo na kaunti o higit pa sa 4. Kanyang binatikos ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a> at itinakwil ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ng_Katotohanan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ng Katotohanan">Ebanghelyo ng Katotohanan</a> dahil sa nilalamang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostiko">gnostiko</a> nito. Tinangka ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_V%C3%ADctor_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Víctor I">Victor</a> na obispo ng Roma na ideklarang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erehiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erehiya">erehiya</a> at itiwalag ang mga nagdiriwang ng paskuwa sa Nisan 14. Bago ni Victor, may isang pagkakaiba sa petsa ng pagdiriwang ng Paskuwa sa pagitan ng mga obispo ng Asya menor at Kanluran. Ipinagdiriwang ito ng mga simbahan sa Asya menor tuwing ika-14 ng buwang Nisan ng mga Hudyo na araw bago ang paskuwa ng mga Hudyo nang hindi isinasaalang kung anong araw ng linggo ito mahulog na kanilang binatay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%252018:28%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 18:28</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%252019:14%25E2%2580%259315%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 19:14–15</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eusebius-22">[22]</a> Ang kasanayang ito ay sinunod ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Policarpio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Policarpio">Policarpio</a> na obispo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Smyrna?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Smyrna">Smyrna</a> sa Asya (na inangking alagad ni Apostol Juan) gayundin ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Melito_ng_Sardis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Melito ng Sardis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Melito ng Sardis</a>. Salungat sa Ebanghelyo ni Juan, ang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DMark%252014:12%25E2%2580%259318%26version%3Dnrsv">Marcos 14:12–18</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DMatthew%252026:17%25E2%2580%259321%26version%3Dnrsv">Mateo 26:17–21</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DLuke%252022:8%26version%3Dnrsv">Lucas 22:8</a> ay nagsasaad na ang Huling Hapunan ang Seder na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paskuwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paskuwa">Paskuwa</a> na isinasagawa ng mga Hudyo sa simula ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nisan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nisan">Nisan</a> 15. Ipinagdiriwang ng Kanluran ang Paskuwa tuwing linggo kasunod ng ika-14 ng Nisan. Ang mga synod ay idinaos sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Syria_Palaestina&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Syria Palaestina (hindi pa naisusulat)">Palestina</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diocese_of_Pontus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diocese of Pontus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pontus</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Osrhoene&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Osrhoene (hindi pa naisusulat)">Osrhoene</a> sa silangan at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Roma">Roma</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gaul&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gaul (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gaul</a> sa kanluran na ang bawat isa ay nagpasyang ang pagdiriwang ng paskuwa ay dapat tuwing linggo. Ang isang pagpupulong sa Roma ay idinaos na pinangasiwaan ni Victor at nagpadala ng liham kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Polycrates_ng_Efeso&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Polycrates ng Efeso (hindi pa naisusulat)">Polycrates ng Efeso</a> at mga simbahan sa probinsiya ng Asya. Sa parehong taon, tinipon ni Polycrates ang isang pagpupulong sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Efeso">Efeso</a> na dinaluhan ng mga obispo sa buong probinsiya ng Asya at nagpasya silang sawayin si Victor at panatilihin ang kanilang tradisyon ng paskuwa.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-eusebius-22">[22]</a> Pinutol ni Victor ang kanyang kaugnayan sa mga obispong gaya nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Polycrates&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Polycrates (hindi pa naisusulat)">Polycrates</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Efeso">Efeso</a> na sumalungat sa kanyang mga pananaw tungkol sa Paskuwa. Ang isyu ng paskuwa ay sinagot sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Unang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> noong 325 CE na nagpasyang ang paskuwa ay dapat idaos tuwing linggo kasunod ng buong buwan pagkatapos ng equinox na tagsibol. Itinakwil rin ni Victor si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodotus_ng_Byzantium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodotus ng Byzantium">Theodotus ng Byzantium</a> dahil sa kanyang paniniwalang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adopsiyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adopsiyonismo">adopsiyonismo</a> tungkol kay Kristo. Naniwala si Theodotus na si Hesus ay ipinanganak bilang isang hindi-Diyos na tao at kalaunan lamang "inampon" ng Diyos sa kanyang bautismo at naging Diyos pagkatapos ng kanyang pagkabuhay muli. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ikatlong_siglo">Ikatlong siglo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=6&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ikatlong siglo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Isinaad ni Duffy na noong ikatlong siglo CE, ang obispo sa Roma ay nagsimulang umasal bilang korte ng pag-aapela sa mga problema na hindi malutas ng ibang mga obispo sa ibang mga siyudad.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy18-23">[23]</a> Ang ilang mga Kristiyano na humahawak ng paniniwalang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_proto-Ortodoksiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang proto-Ortodoksiya">proto-ortodokso</a> na kilala bilang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ama_ng_simbahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama ng simbahan">ama ng simbahan</a> ay nagsimulang maglarawan ng mga katuruan nito bilang pagsalungat sa ibang mga pangkat ng Kristiyano gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-24">[24]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Davidson169-25">[25]</a> Hindi katulad ng karamihan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> sa Imperyo Romano sa panahong ito, ang mga Kristiyano ay inaatasan na magtakwil ng ibang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na isang kasanayang minana mula sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a>. Ang pagtanggi ng mga Kristiyano na lumahok sa mga pagdiriwang na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a> ay nangangahulugang hindi nito magawang makilahok sa karamihan ng buhay pampubliko na nagtulak sa mga hindi Kristiyano kabilang ang pamahalaan ng Imperyo Romano na matakot na ginagalit ng mga Kristiyano ang mga diyos at nagiging banta sa kapayapaan at kasaganaan ng imperyo. Sa karagdagan, ang pagiging malapit ng mga lipunang Kristiyano at pagiging masikreto sa mga kasanayan nito ay lumikha ng mga tsismis na ang mga Kristiyano ay nagsasagawa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Insesto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Insesto">insesto</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanibalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kanibalismo">kanibalismo</a>. Ito ay nagresulta sa mga pag-uusig na Romano sa mga Kristiyano na karaniwan ay lokal at bihira bago ang ikaapat na siglo CE.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculloch155and164-26">[26]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwick21-27">[27]</a> Ang isang sunod sunod na mas sentral na organisadong mga pag-uusig sa Kristiyano ay lumitaw noong ikatlong siglo nang inatas ng mga emperador na ang mga krisis sa militar, pampolitika at pang-ekonomiya ng imperyo ay sanhi ng galit ng mga diyos. Ang lahat ng mga mamamayan ay inatasang maghandog sa mga diyos o kundi ay paparusahan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-chadwick41and42-28">[28]</a> Ang mga Hudyo ay hindi isinama hangga't nagbabayad ang mga ito ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Fiscus_Judaicus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Fiscus Judaicus (hindi pa naisusulat)">fiscus Judaicus</a> (buwis ng Hudyo). Ang ilang mga kristiyano ay pinaslang, lumisan sa imperyo o tumakwil sa kanilang paniniwalang Kristiyano. Ang mga hindi pagkakasunduan sa papel sa Iglesia (kung meron man) na dapat magkaroon ang mga tumalikod na ito ay humantong sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paghahati?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paghahati">paghahati</a> ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Donatista&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Donatista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Donatista</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Novatianista&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Novatianista (hindi pa naisusulat)">Novatianista</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-macculloch174-29">[29]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy20-30">[30]</a> Ang mga relasyon sa pagitan ng pamayanang Kristiyano at Imperyo Romano ay hindi konsistente: Ninais na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tiberius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a> na ilagay ang Kristo sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panteon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panteon">panteon</a> ng mga diyos at tumanggi sa simula na usigin ang mga Kristiyano. Ang ilang mga emperador ay umusig sa mga Kristiyano ngunit ang iba gaya nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Commodus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodus">Commodus</a> at iba pa ay pumapabor sa mga Kristiyano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-31">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Ikaapat_na_siglo">Ikaapat na siglo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=7&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ikaapat na siglo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Noong Abril 311 CE, si Galerius na nakaraang nangungunang pigura sa mga pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano ay naglabas ng isang kautusan na pumapayag sa pagsasanay ng relihiyong Kristiyano sa ilalim ng kanyang pamumuno.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-PersecutionsEnded-32">[32]</a> Mula 313 hanggang 380 CE, ang Kristiyanismo ay nagtamasa ng isang katayuan bilang isang legal na relihiyon sa loob ng Imperyo Romano. Noong 380 CE, Ang Kristiyanismo ang naging relihiyong pang-estado ng Imperyo Romano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StoChris59-33">[33]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-34">[34]</a> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/180px-Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="287" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="538" data-file-height="858"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 180px;height: 287px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/180px-Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg" data-width="180" data-height="287" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/270px-Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/05/Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg/360px-Constantine_Musei_Capitolini.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Itinatag ni Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakilang_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakilang Constantino">Dakilang Constantino</a> ang mga karapatan ng simbahan sa taong 315 CE. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Sa_ilalim_ni_Emperador_Constantino_I">Sa ilalim ni Emperador Constantino I</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=8&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Sa ilalim ni Emperador Constantino I" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg/220px-Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="107" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="267"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 107px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg/220px-Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="107" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg/330px-Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg/440px-Follis-Constantine-lyons_RIC_VI_309.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Barya ni Emperador Constantino I na nagpapakita kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sol_Invictus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a>, SOLI INVICTO COMITI na opisyal na Diyos na Araw ng Imperyo Romano, ca. 315 CE. </figcaption> </figure> Ayon sa mga manunulat na Kristiyano, nang maging emperador si Dakilang Constantino I ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanlurang_Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanlurang Imperyo Romano">Kanlurang Imperyo Romano</a> noong 312 CE, kanyang itinuro ang kanyang pagkapanalo sa isang labanan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> ng Kristiyanismo. Inangkin ng mga sangguniang Kristiyano na si Constantino I ay tumingin sa araw bago ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Labanan_sa_tulay_na_Milvian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Labanan sa tulay na Milvian (hindi pa naisusulat)">labanan sa tulay na Milvian</a> at nakita ang isang krus ng liwanag sa itaas nito na may mga salitang "ΕΝ ΤΟΥΤΩ ΝΙΚΑ" ("sa pamamagitan nito, sumakop!"). Iniutos ni Constantino sa kanyang mga hukbo na palamutian ang kanilang mga kalasag ng isang simbolong Kristiyano (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Chi_Ro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Chi Ro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Chi Ro</a>) at pagkatapos nito ay nanalo sa labanan. Pagkatapos ng labanan sa tulay ng Milvian, ang bagong emperador na Constantino I ay hindi pumansin sa mga dambana ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_diyos_na_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga diyos na Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">mga diyos na Romano</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bundok_Capitolino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bundok Capitolino">Capitolino</a> at hindi rin nagsagawa ng mga handog ayon sa kustombreng Romano upang ipagdiwang ang pagpasok ng pagwawagi sa Roma. Sa halip nito, siya ay tuwirang tumungo sa palasyo ng emperador. Gayunpaman, ang karamihan ng mga maimpluwensiyal na tao sa imperyo Romano lalo na ang mga opisyal ng militar ay hindi nagpaakay sa Kristiyanismo at nanatiling lumalahok sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon_sa_Sinaunang_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon sa Sinaunang Roma">relihiyon ng Sinaunang Roma</a>. Sa pamumuno ni Constantino I, kanyang sinikap na pahupain ang mga paksiyong ito na hindi Kristiyano. Ang mga salaping Romano na inilimbag hanggang 8 taon pagkatapos ng labanan sa tulay na Milvian ay naglalaman pa rin ng mga imahen ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Diyos_na_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Diyos na Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Diyos na Romano</a> Ang mga monumentong unang kinomisyong itayo ni Constantino I gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arko_ni_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arko ni Constantino">Arko ni Constantino</a> ay hindi naglalaman ng anumang reperensiya sa Kristiyanismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-35">[35]</a> Sa halip, ang mga munting estatwa ng Diyos na Romanong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sol_Invictus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> na dala dala ng mga tagapagdala ng pamantayan ay lumilitaw sa tatlong lugar sa mga relief ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arko_ni_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arko ni Constantino">Arko ni Constantino</a>. Ang mga opisyal na barya ni Constantino I ay patuloy na naglalaman ng mga imahen ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sol_Invictus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sol Invictus">Sol Invictus</a> hanggang noong 325/6 CE. Kasama ng emperador ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangan_Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangan Imperyo Romano">Silangan Imperyo Romano</a> na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Licinius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Licinius">Licinius</a>, si Constantino ay naglabas ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kautusan_ng_Milan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kautusan ng Milan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kautusan ng Milan</a> na nag-atas ng pagpayag ng lahat ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> sa imperyo kabilang ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon_sa_Sinaunang_Roma?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon sa Sinaunang Roma">tradisyonal na relihiyong Romano</a> at ang Kristiyanismo. Ang kautusang ito ay humigit din sa mas maagang Kautusan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galerius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galerius">Galerius</a> noong 311 dahil sa pagbabalik nito ng mga kinumpiskang mga pag-aari ng Simbahang Kristiyano. Gayunpaman, ang atas na ito ay may kaunting epekto sa mga saloobin ng tao.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-36">[36]</a> Ang mga bagong batas ay nilikha upang isabatas ang ilan sa mga paniniwala at kasanayang Kristiyano. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-37">[Note 1]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-38">[37]</a> Ang pinakamalaking epekto sa Kristiyanismo ni Constantino ang kanyang pagtangkilik sa relihiyong ito. Siya ay nagkaloob ng malalaking regalo ng mga lupain at salapi sa simbahan at nag-alok ng mga eksempsiyon sa buwis at iba pang mga legal na katayuan sa mga pag-aari ng simbahan at mga tauhan nito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mcmullen49and50-39">[38]</a> Ang pinagsamang mga regalong ito at ang mga kalaunan pang regalo ni Constantino sa simbahan ay gumawa sa simbahan na pinakamalaking may ari ng lupain sa Kanluranin noong ikaanim na siglo CE.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy64-40">[39]</a> Ang karamihan sa mga regalong ito ay pinondohan sa pamamagitan ng malalang mga pagbubuwis sa mga kultong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-mcmullen49and50-39">[38]</a> Ang ilang mga kultong pagano ay pinwersang tumigil sa kawalan ng mga pondo. Nang ito ay mangyari, pinalitan ng simbahang Kristiyano ang nakaraang papel ng mga kulto sa pagkalinga sa mga mahihirap ng lipunan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-41">[40]</a> Sa isang repleksiyon ng tumaas na katayuan ng kaparian sa imperyo Romano, ang mga ito ay nagsimulang magsuot ng kasuotan ng mga sambahayan ng mga marharlika.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-42">[41]</a> Sa paghahari ni Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantino_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantino I">Constantino I</a>, ang tinatayang kalahati ng mga Kristiyano ay hindi sumusunod sa kalaunang nagwaging bersiyon ng Kristiyanismo<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-43">[42]</a> at may pagkakaiba iba sa mga paniniwala ang mga Kristiyano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-44">[43]</a> Natakot si Constantino na ang kawalang pagkakaisa ay magpagalit sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> at humantong sa mga problema sa imperyo. Dahil dito, siya ay nagsagawa ng mga kautusang militar at panghukuman upang lipulin ang ilang mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-45">[44]</a> Upang lutasin ang ibang mga alitan, si Constantino ay nagsimula ng kasanayan na tumatawag sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Pitong_Konsehong_Ekumenikal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal">konsehong ekumenikal</a> upang matukoy ang mga nagtataling interpretasyon ng doktrina ng Kristiyanismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-duffy29-46">[45]</a> Pinagtibay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Unang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> noong 325 CE ang pananaw ng ilang mga obispo na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> na Anak ay isang tunay na Diyos mula sa Tunay na Diyos, ipinanganak at hindi nilalang, at nang isang substansiya o kaparehong substansiya sa Ama (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Homoousian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Homoousian (hindi pa naisusulat)">homoousios</a> sa Griyego). Kinondena ng Unang Konseho ng Nicaea ang mga katuruan ng heterodoksong teologong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arius">Arius</a> na may suporta ng ilang mga obispo na ang Anak ay nilikhang nilalang ng Ama, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subordinasyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subordinasyonismo">mas mababa sa Diyos Ama</a>, may pasimula at hindi kapwa walang hanggan sa Ama at ang Ama at Anak ay ng isang katulad na substansiya (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Homoiousios&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Homoiousios (hindi pa naisusulat)">homoiousios</a>) ngunit hindi ng kaparehong substansiya. Kabilang sa mga talatang ginamit ni Arius upang suportahan ang kanyang pananaw ang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%252014:28%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 14:28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DColossians%25201:15%26version%3Dnrsv">Colosas 1:15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DProverbs%2B8%253A22%26version%3DNRSV">Kawikaan 8:22</a> (Nilikha ako ng Panginoon sa pasimula ng kanyang gawa) at iba pa. Sa tinatayang mga 250–318 Kristiyano na dumalo, ang lahat maliban sa 2 ang bumoto laban sa pananaw ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arius">Arius</a>. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> na kalahok sa Unang Konseho ng Nicaea noong 325 CE ay nagsaad na napilitang gumamit ang mga obispo ng terminolohiyang homoousios na hindi matatagpuan sa kasulatan dahil ang mga pariralang biblikal na kanilang nais gamitin ay inangkin ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Ariano</a> na mapapakahulugan sa itinuring ng mga obispong isang kahulugang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erehiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erehiya">eretiko</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-47">[46]</a> Dahil dito, "kanilang sinunggaban ang wala sa kasulatan na katagang homoousios (parehong substansiya) upang ingatan ang mahalagang ugnayan ng Anak sa Ama na itinanggi ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arius">Arius</a>".<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-48">[47]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-49">[48]</a> Sa Unang konseho ng Nicaea, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Caesarea">Eusebio ng Caesarea</a> ay nagmungkahi ng isang kredong kompromiso na ang Anak ay "Diyos ng DIyos, ang unang ipinanganak sa lahat ng mga nilalang, ang bugtong ng Ama bago ang lahat ng panahon". Ang mga obispong anti-Ariano ay umayon dito at kahit ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Arian">Ariano</a> ngunit ang partido ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Alejandro_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Alejandro ng Alehandriya">Alejandro</a> ang malakas na tumutol dito. Sa pang-uudyok ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hosius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosius">Hosius</a>, iminungkahi ni Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakilang_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakilang Constantino">Constantino I</a> sa Unang Konseho ng Nicaea na ipasok ang katagang homoousios (parehong substansiya) sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Kredong Niceno</a> ngunit ito ay hindi inayunan ng mga Ariano na nagmungkahi ng katagang homoiousios (katulad na substansiya).<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-50">[49]</a> Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hosius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosius">Hosius</a> na pinakamalapit na tagapayo at kompidante ng Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantino_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantino I">Constantino I</a> sa lahat ng mga bagay na pangsimbahan ay maaaring nagtulak sa konseho na tanggapin ang homoousios. Sa karagdagan, itinuro ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> ang pagkatha ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">kredong Niceno</a> kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hosius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hosius">Hosius</a>. Ang kontrobersiya ay hindi nagtapos dito at maraming mga kleriko sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangan</a> Kristiyanismo ay tumakwil sa terminong homoousios (parehong substansiya) dahil sa mas maagang pagkondena ng ilang Kristiyano sa paggamit nito ni Pablo ng Samosata. Sa karagdagan, ang relihiyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> ay yumabong sa labas ng imperyo Romano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-51">[50]</a> Pinaniniwalaang ipinatapon ni Constantino I ang mga tumangging tumanggap sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Kredong Niceno</a> kabilang ang mismong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arius">Arius</a>, ang deakonong si Euzois at ang mga obispong Libyano na sina Theonas ng Marmarica at Secundus ng Ptolemais gayundin ang mga obispong lumagda sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">kredong Niceno</a> ngunit tumangging sumali sa pagkokondena kina Arius, Eusebio ng Nicomedia at Theognis ng Nicaea. Inutos rin ni Constantino I na sunugin ang lahat ng mga kopya ng Thalia na aklat na pinaghayagan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arius">Arius</a> ng kanyang mga katuruan. Noong 331 CE, kinomisyon ni Constantino I si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Caesarea">Eusebio ng Caesarea</a> na maghatid ng 50 bibliya para sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simabahn ng Constantinople</a>. Itinala ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> na ang mga 40 skribang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriyano</a> ay naghanda ng mga bibliya para kay Constans. Pinaniniwalaang ang mga bibliyang inutos ni emperador Constantino ang naging dahilan upang likhain ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a>. Bagaman nakatuon si Constantino I sa pagpapanatili ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Kredong Niseno</a>, si Constantino ay naging determinado na papayapain ang sitwasyon at kalaunan ay naging mas maluwag sa mga kinondena at ipinatapon ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Unang Konseho ng Nicaea</a>. Pinayagan ni Constantino I si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Nicomedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Nicomedia">Eusebio ng Nicomedia</a> na protégé ng kanyang kapatid na babae at si Theognis na bumalik matapos lumagda ng isang hindi malinaw na pahayag. Ang dalawang ito at ibang mga kaibigan ni Arius ay gumawa para sa rehabilitasyon ni Arius. Sa Unang Synod ng Tyre noong 335 CE, sila ay nagdala ng mga akusasyon laban kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> na obispo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a> at tagapagtaguyod ng pananampalatayang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Niseno</a>. Si Atanasio ay ipinatapon ni Constantino na tumuring sa kanyang isang hadlang sa pakikipagkasunduan. Kalaunan ay naakay si Dakilang Constantino I sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> at binautismuhan ng obispong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ariano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ariano">Ariano</a> na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Nicomedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Nicomedia">Eusebio ng Nicomedia</a> noong 2 Mayo 337 CE bago mamatay si Constantino. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Nicomedia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Nicomedia">Eusebio ng Nicomedia</a> ay napakaimpluwensiyal sa Imperyo kahit pagkatapos ng kanyang kamatayan na pinakinggan ni anak ni Constantino na si Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantius_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> ang kanyang payo at ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eudoxus_ng_Constantinople&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eudoxus ng Constantinople (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eudoxus ng Constantinople</a> na tangkaing akayin ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyo Romano">Imperyo Romano</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> sa pamamagitan ng paglikha ng mga Konsehong Ariano at opisyal na mga doktrinang Ariano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-guitton-pp86-52">[51]</a> Dahil kay Eusebio ng Nicomedia na "Sa kabuuan, si Constantino at ang kanyang mga kahalili sa trono ay gumawang miserable sa mga pinuno ng Simbahan na naniwala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Niseno</a> at sa pormulang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinitariano</a> nito."<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ellingsen-pp119-53">[52]</a> Si Constantino I ay namatay noong 337 CE na nag-iwan sa kanyang anak na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantius_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> na pumabor sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> bilang emperador ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Imperyo Romano">Silangang Imperyo Romano</a> at ang isa pang anak ni Constantino I na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constans">Constans</a> na pumabor naman sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Kredong Niseno</a> bilang emperador ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanlurang_Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanlurang Imperyo Romano">Kanlurang Imperyo Romano</a>. Ang isang konseho sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a> noong 341 CE ay naglabas ng isang pagpapatibay ng pananampalataya na hindi nagsama ng sugnay na homoousion (ng parehong substansiya). Si Constantius na nakatira sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sirmium?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sirmium">Sirmium</a> ay nagtipon ng Unang Konseho ng Sirmium noong 347 CE. Ito ay sumalungat kay Photinus na obispo ng Sirmium na isang Anti-Ariano na may paniniwalang katulad kay Macellus. Noong 350 CE, si Constantius ang naging tanging emperador ng parehong Silangan at Kanluran ng Imperyo na naging dahilan ng isang temporaryong paglakas ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>. Sa Ikalawang Konseho ng Sirmium noong 351 CE, si Basil na obispo ng Ancyra at pinuno ng mga semi-Ariano ay nagpatalsik kay Photinus. Ang mga semi-Ariano ay naniwala na ang Anak ay "ng katulad na substansiya" (homoiousios) sa Ama. Ang mga konseho ay idinaos sa Arles noong 353 CE at Milan noong 355 CE kung saan kinondena ang pro-Nicenong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a>. Noong 356 CE, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> ay ipinatapon at si George ay hinirang na obispo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahan ng Alehandriya">Simbahan ng Alehandriya</a>. Ang Ikatlong Konseho ng Sirmium noong 357 CE ay isang mataas na punto ng Arianismo. Ang Ikapitong Konpesyong Ariano (Ikalawang konpesyong Sirmium) ay nagsaad na ang parehong homoousio (ng parehong isang substansiya) at homoiousios (ng katulad ngunit hindi parehong substansiya) ay hindi <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">biblikal</a> at ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subordinasyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subordinasyonismo">Ama ay mas dakila sa Anak</a>. Ang isang konseho sa Ancyra noong 358 CE na pinangasiwaan ni Basil ay naglabas ng isang pahayag na gumagamit ng terminong homoousios. Gayunpaman, ang ikaapat na Konseho ng Sirmium noong 358 ay nagmungkahi ng isang malabong kompromiso na ang Anak ay homoios (katulad na substansiya) ng Ama. Sa dalawang mga konseho noong 359 CE sa Rimini at Seleucia ay tinangka ni Constantius na ipataw ang pormulang homoios ng Sirmium IV sa Simbahang Kristiyano. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_Constinople_(360)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konseho ng Constinople (360) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng Constantinople noong 360 CE</a> ay sumuporta sa isang kompromiso na pumapayag sa parehong magkatunggaling pananaw na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Niceno</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>. Ang isang konseho sa Constantinople noong 361 CE ay nagpatibay ng homoios (katulad sa substansiya) na nagsasaad na ang Anak ay "katulad ng Ama na nagpanganak sa kaniya". Itinakwil din nito ang ousia (substansiya). Gayunpaman, sa kamatayan ni Constantius noong 361 CE, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">partidong Niceno</a> na nagpatibay ng homoosuios (ng parehas na substansiya) ay nagpalakas ng posisyon nito. Sa kamatayan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Athanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Athanasio">Athanasio</a> noong 373 CE, ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_amang_Capadocio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga amang Capadocio">mga amang Capadocio</a> ay nanguna sa pagsuporta ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">pananampalatayang Niceno</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Pagtatatag_ng_Ortodoksiyang_Katoliko">Pagtatatag ng Ortodoksiyang Katoliko</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=9&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagtatatag ng Ortodoksiyang Katoliko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> </div> Sa kanyang pamumuno, kailangang komprontahin ni Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valens">Valens</a> ang pagkakaiba sa mga teolohiya ng Kristiyanismo na nagsisimulang lumikha ng pagkakahati sa Imperyo. Tinangka ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emperador_Julian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Emperador Julian">Emperador Julian</a> (361–363) na muling buhayin ang mga relihiyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a>. Gayunpaman, sa kabila ng malawak na suporta, ang kanyang aksiyon ay nakitang malabis at bago mamatay ay kinamuhian. Tulad ng mga magkapatid na mga Emperador na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantius_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Constantius II">Constantius II</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constans?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constans">Constans</a>, sina Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valens?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valens">Valens</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentinian_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinian I">Valentinian I</a> ay nag-aangkin ng magkaibang mga pananaw teolohikal. Si Valens ay isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Ariano</a> samantalang si Valentinian I ay naniwala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Kredong Niceno</a>. Pinaboran ni Valens ang pangkat na gumamit ng pormulang homoios na teolohiyang kilala sa karamihan ng Silangan at sa ilalim ng mga anak ni Constantino ay tumibay sa Kanluran. Gayunpaman, nang mamatay si Valens, ang sanhi ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> sa Romanong Silangan ay nagwakas. Noong 380 CE, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Kristiyanismong Niceno</a> bilang pagsalungat sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> ay naging opisyal na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> ng Imperyo Romano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-54">[53]</a> Itinaguyod ng kanyang kahaliling emperador na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Kredong Niceno</a> na interpretasyon na pinaniniwalaan ng Simbahan sa Roma at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Simbahan_sa_Alehandriya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Simbahan sa Alehandriya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Simbahan sa Alehandriya</a>. Noong 27 Pebrero 380 CE, sina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodosius_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodosius I">Theodosius I</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gratian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gratian">Gratian</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Valentinian_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Valentinian II">Valentinian II</a> ay naglimbag ng "Kautusan ng Tesalonica" upang ang ihayag ng lahat ng kanilang mga nasasakupan ang pananampalataya ng mga obispo ng Roma na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Damaso_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Damaso I">Papa Damaso I</a> at ng papa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahan ng Alehandriya">Simbahan ng Alehandriya</a> na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Pedro_II_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Pedro II ng Alehandriya">Papa Pedro II ng Alehandriya</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">pananampalatayang Niceno</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-theodosius-55">[54]</a> Kanyang binigyan ng pinahintulutan ang mga tagasunod ng kautusang ito na kunin ang pamagat na "Katolikong Kristiyano".<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-56">[55]</a> Ang Kautusang ito ay inilbasa sa ilalim ng impluwensiya ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Acholius&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Acholius (hindi pa naisusulat)">Acholius</a> at kaya ay ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Damaso_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Damaso I">Papa Damaso I</a> na humirang sa kanya. Si Acholius ang obispo ng Tesalonika na nagbautismo kay Theodosius I pagkatapos nitong magkaroon ng malalang sakit. Noong 26 Nobyembre 380 CE, dalawang araw pagkatapos niyang makarating sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a>, kanyang pinatalsik ang obispong hindi-Niceno na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Demophilus_ng_Constantinople&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Demophilus ng Constantinople (hindi pa naisusulat)">Demophilus ng Constantinople</a> at hinirang si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Meletius_of_Antioch&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Meletius of Antioch (hindi pa naisusulat)">Meletius</a> patriarka ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Antioch">Antioch</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_ng_Nazianzus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorio ng Nazianzus">Gregorio ng Nazianzus</a> na isa sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_amang_Capadocio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga amang Capadocio">mga amang Capadocio</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarka_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarka ng Constantinople">patriarka ng Constantinople</a>. Noong Mayo 381 CE, hinimok ni Theodosius ang isang bagong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Constantinople">konsehong ekumenikal sa Constantinople</a> upang kumpunihin ang pagkakahati sa pagitan ng Silangan at Kanluran sa batayan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">ortodoksiyang Niceno</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-57">[56]</a> Inilarawan ng konseho ang ortodoksiya kabilang ang misteryosong Ikatlong Persona ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a>, na Banal na Espirito na bagaman katumbas ng Ama ay nagmula sa kanya samantalang ang Anak ay ipinanganak ng Ama.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-p55-58">[57]</a> Hanggang noong mga 360 CE, ang mga debateng teolohikal ay pangunahing nauukol sa pagkadiyos ng Anak. Gayunpaman, dahil hindi nilinaw sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Nicaea">Unang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> (325 CE) ang pagkadiyos ng Banal na Espirito, ito ay patuloy na naging paksa ng debate sa pagitan ng mga pangkat Kristiyano. Ang paniniwala ng sektang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pneumatomachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pneumatomachi">Pneumatomachi</a> na ang Banal na Espirito ay isang nilalang ng Anak at lingkod ng Ama at Anak ay nagtulak sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Constantinople">Unang Konseho ng Constantinople</a> (381 CE) na tinipon ni Theodosius I na idagdag sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niseno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kredong Niseno">Kredong Niseno</a> ang, "At sa Banal na Multo, ang Panginoon, ang Tagabigay ng Buhay, Na nagmumula sa Ama, na kasama ng Ama at Anak ay katumbas na sinasamba at niluluwalhati..." Kinondena rin ng Konsehong ito (381 CE) ang mga paniniwalang Kristiyano na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollinarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollinarismo">Apollinarismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pneumatomachi?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pneumatomachi">Pneumatomachi</a> at niliwanag ang mga hurisdiksiyon ng simbahang estado ng Imperyo Romano ayon sa mga hangganang sibil at nagpasya na ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> ay ikalawa sa karapatan sa pangunguna sa Roma.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-p55-58">[57]</a> Noong 383 CE, iniutos ni Theodosius I sa iba't ibang mga hindi-<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Nicenong</a> sektang Kristiyano na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anomoeanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anomoeanismo">Anomoeanismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Macedoniano_(sekta)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Macedoniano (sekta) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Macedoniano</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Novatian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Novatian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Novatian</a> na magsumite ng isinulat na mga kredo sa kanya na kanyang siniyasat at pagkatapos ay sinunog maliban sa kredo ng mga Novatian. Ang ibang mga sekta ay nawalan ng karapatan na magpulong, mag-ordina ng mga pari nito at ikalat ang kanilang mga paniniwala.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-59">[58]</a> Ipinagbawal ni Theodosius I ang pagtira ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erehiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erehiya">eretiko</a> sa loob ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> at noong 392 CE at 394 CE ay sinamsam ang kanilang mga lugar ng sambahan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-60">[59]</a>. Ang Ikatlong Konsehong Ekumenikal na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Konseho_ng_Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Konseho ng Efeso">Unang Konseho ng Efeso</a> (431 CE) ay muling nagpatibay ng orihinal na bersiyon ng Kredong Niceno (325 CE) <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-61">[60]</a> at idineklara na "hindi nararapat para sa anumang tao na magsulong o sumulat o lumikha ng isang ἑτέραν (na isinaling "iba", "kasalungat" at hindi "iba pa") na Pananampalataya na itinatag ng mga banal na ama na nagtipon kasama ng Banal na Multo sa Nicæa (i.e. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Kredong Niceno</a> noong 325 CE)".<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-62">[61]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-63">[62]</a> Ang ilang mga modernong skolar ay naniniwalang ang kredong Niceno ng 381 CE ay isinaad ng mga obispo sa Constantinople ngunit hindi prinomulga bilang isang opisyal na akto sa Konseho. Ang ilang mga skolar ay tumututol rin kung ang Kredong Niceno ng 381 CE ay isang simpleng pagpapalawig ng Kredong Nicseno ng 325 CE o ng isang tradisyonal na kredo na kapareho ngunit hindi katulad ng kredong Niceno ng 325 CE. Noong 451 CE, tinukoy ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Chalcedon">Konseho ng Chalcedon</a> ang Kredong Niseno ng 381 CE bilang "ang kredo...ng 150 banal na mga amang nagtipon sa Constantinople." <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-64">[63]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pag-uusig_ng_mga_Kristiyano_sa_paganismo">Pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa paganismo</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=10&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa paganismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Ang pag-uusig ng mga Kristiyano sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paganismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paganismo">paganismo</a> sa ilalim ni Theodosius I ay nagsimula noong 381 CE pagkatapos ng unang ilang taon ng kanyang pamumuno sa Silangang Imperyo Romano. Noong 380, inulit ni Theodosius I ang pagbabawal ni Constantino sa paghahandog na pagano, ipinagbawal ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Haruspicy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Haruspicy (hindi pa naisusulat)">haruspicy</a> sa parusa ng kamatayan, pinangunahan ang kriminalisasyon ng mga Mahistrado na hindi nagpapatupad ng mga batas na anti-pagano, winasak ang mga ugnayang pagano at winasak ang mga templong pagano. Sa pagitan ng 389–391, kanyang inihayag ang mga atas na Theodosian na nagbabawal ng paganismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TheodosianCode16.10.11-65">[64]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Routery1997ch4-66">[65]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-TheodosianCode16.10.10-67">[66]</a> Siya ay nag-atas ng komprehensihibong batas na nagbabawal sa anumang paganong ritwal kahit sa pribasiya ng tahanan ng mga ito <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-hughes-68">[67]</a> at umapi sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Manichean&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Manichean (hindi pa naisusulat)">Manichean</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-FirstChristianTheologiansp68-69">[68]</a> Ang paganismo ay pinagbabawal na, isang "religio illicita."<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HughesVol3-70">[69]</a> Noong 385, ang bagong legal na autoridad na ito ng nananaig na bersiyon ng Kristiyanismo ay humantong sa unang paggamit ng parusang kamatayan na inihahayag bilang sentensiya sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erehiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Erehiya">eretikong Kristiyanong</a> si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Priscillian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Priscillian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Priscillian</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-HereticsExecuted-71">[70]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Pagkakalikha_ng_Kanon_na_Katoliko">Pagkakalikha ng Kanon na Katoliko</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=11&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakalikha ng Kanon na Katoliko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Sa panahong ito, ang kasalukuyang bersiyon <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng katoliko ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">bibliya</a> ay unang opisyal na inilatag sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_simbahan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konseho ng simbahan (hindi pa naisusulat)">konseho ng simbahan</a> at synod. Bago ang mga konsehong ito, ang iba't ibang mga pangkat Kristiyano ay may kanya kanyang pinaniniwalaang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a>. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcion_ng_Sinope?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcion ng Sinope">Marcion ng Sinope</a> na isang obispong Kristiyano ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asya_menor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asya menor">Asya menor</a> na tumungo sa Roma at kalaunang itiniwalag ng kanyang mga kalabang Kristiyano para sa kanyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcionismo">mga pananaw</a> ang pinaniniwalaan na kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagmungkahi ng isang depinitibo, eksklusibo, at isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng mga kasulatang Kristiyano na kanyang tinipon sa pagitan nang 130–140 CE.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-72">[71]</a> Kanyang itinakwil ang ibang mga ebanghelyo maliban sa kanyang bersiyon ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a> at 10 sa kanyang bersiyon ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a> at hindi kasama ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_Timoteo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Timoteo">1 Timoteo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_Timoteo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Timoteo">2 Timoteo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tito?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Tito">Tito</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>. Ang mga sektang Kristiyanong gaya ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> at iba pa ay tumakwil sa lahat ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Pablo">sulat ni Pablo</a> at tumuring kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> na isang impostor na apostol. Ang isang sekta ng Kristiyanismo noong ca. 170 CE na tinawag ng kanilang kalaban na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Epiphanius_ng_Salamis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Epiphanius ng Salamis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Epiphanius ng Salamis</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alogi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alogi (hindi pa naisusulat)">alogi</a> ay tumakwil sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> (at posibleng ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> at mga sulat ni Juan) bilang hindi apostoliko at itinuro ng sektang ito ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> na isinulat ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gnostiko">gnostikong</a> si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cerinthus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cerinthus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cerinthus</a>. Si Cerinthus ay tumanggap lamang sa isang ebanghelyo na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Ebanghelyo ni Mateo</a>. Ang isang apat na ebanghelyong kanon (Tetramorph) ay unang isinulong ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irenaeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Irenaeus">Irenaeus</a> noong c. 180 CE. Si Ireneaus rin ang kauna-unahang Kristiyano na nagbanggit ng apat na ebanghelyo sa mga pangalan na Mateo, Marcos, Lucas at Juan. Sa kanyang akdang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adversus_Haereses&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adversus Haereses (hindi pa naisusulat)">Adversus Haereses</a>, kinondena ni Irenaeus ang mga sinaunang pangkat na sekta ng Kristiyanismo na gumamit lamang ng isang ebanghelyo gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a> (na gumamit lamang ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a>) o mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a> na tila gumamit ng isang bersiyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aramaiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aramaiko">Aramaiko</a> ng Ebanghelyo ni Mateo gayundin ang ilang mga pangkat na gumamit ng higit sa apat na mga ebanghelyo gaya ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Valentinianismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Valentinianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Valentinian</a> (A.H. 1.11). Ang dahilang ibinigay ni Irenaeus sa kanyang pagtanggap ng 4 na ebanghelyo ay, "hindi posibleng may higit o kakaunti sa apat na ebanghelyo" dahil ang daigdig ay may apat na sulok at apat na hangin (3.11.8). Ang may akda ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pragmentong_Muratorian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pragmentong Muratorian">Pragmentong Muratorian</a> na ipinagpapalagay na isinulat noong ca. 170 CE dahil sa pagbanggit sa Obispo ng Roma na si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/P%C3%ADo_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pío I">Pío I</a> (bagaman ang ilan ay naniniwalang isinulat ito noong ika-4 <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Siglo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Siglo">siglo</a> CE) ay nagtala ng karamihan ngunit hindi lahat ng mga aklat ng naging 27 aklat ng bagong tipan. Hindi binanggit sa Pragmentong Muratorian ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Sulat_ni_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unang Sulat ni Pedro">Unang Sulat ni Pedro</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Sulat ni Santiago</a> at tumakwil sa mga liham na inangking isinulat ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Laodicea&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Laodicea (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulat sa mga taga-Laodicea</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sulat_sa_mga_taga-Alehandriyano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sulat sa mga taga-Alehandriyano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sulat sa mga taga-Alehandriyano</a> na isinaad ng pagramentong Muratorian na "pineke sa pangalan ni Pablo upang isulong ang erehiya ni Marcion." Ilan sa mga kasamang "kinasihang kasulatan" para kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a> ang "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Barnabas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Barnabas">Sulat ni Barnabas</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pastol_ni_Hermas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastol ni Hermas">Pastol ni Hermas</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/1_Clemente?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="1 Clemente">1 Clemente</a>" ngunit ang mga aklat na ito ay inalis ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Caesarea">Eusebio ng Caesarea</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-73">[72]</a> Ang mga mga aklat na ito ay tinawag ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Caesarea">Eusebio ng Caesarea</a> na "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilegomena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilegomena">antilegomena</a>" o mga tinutulang aklat. Kabilang din sa antilegomena ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Santiago</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Judas</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Pedro">2 Pedro</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Sulat_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikalawang Sulat ni Juan">2</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikatlong_Sulat_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikatlong Sulat ni Juan">3 Juan</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Apocalipsis ni Juan</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Apocalipsis_ni_Pedro&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Apocalipsis ni Pedro (hindi pa naisusulat)">Apocalipsis ni Pedro</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Didache?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Didache">Didache</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ayon_sa_mga_Hebreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ayon sa mga Hebreo">Ebanghelyo ayon sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_Gawa_ni_Pablo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga Gawa ni Pablo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Gawa ni Pablo</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-74">[73]</a> Noong 331 CE, kinomisyon ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dakilang_Constantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dakilang Constantino">Emperador Constantino</a> si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Eusebio_ng_Caesarea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Eusebio ng Caesarea">Eusebio ng Caesarea</a> na maghatid ng 50 bibliya para sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simabahn ng Constantinople</a>. Itinala ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> na ang mga 40 skribang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriyano</a> ay naghanda ng mga bibliya para kay Constans. Pinaniniwalaang ang mga bibliyang inutos ni emperador Constantino ang naging dahilan upang likhain ang mga kanon. Noong 367 CE, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Atanasio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Atanasio">Atanasio</a> na obispo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahan ng Alehandriya">Simbahan ng Alehandriya</a> at tagapagtaguyod ng pananampalatayang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kredong_Niceno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kredong Niceno">Niceno</a> ay nagbigay ng listahan ng eksaktong parehong mga aklat na naging 27 aklat na kanon ng Bagong Tipan <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-75">[74]</a> at kanyang ginamit ang salitang "kanonisado" (kanonizomena) tungkol sa mga ito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-76">[75]</a> Pinaniniwalaan ng ilan na sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Konseho_ng_Roma&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Konseho ng Roma (hindi pa naisusulat)">Konseho ng Roma</a> noong 382 CE nang i-atas ng Obispo ng Roma na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Damaso_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Damaso I">Papa Damaso I</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> na nagtatala ng mga tinanggap na aklat ng Lumang Tipan (kasama ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">Deuterokanoniko</a>) at 27 aklat ng Bagong Tipan. Gayunpaman, ang talaan ni Damaso (na isinaad na nagmula sa Konseho ng Roma) na isinama sa pseudepigrapikal na Decretum Gelasianum ay maaring hindi mula kay Damaso.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-77">[76]</a> Noong 391 CE, kinomisyon ni Papa Damaso I si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeronimo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeronimo">Jeronimo</a> na isalin ang Lumang Tipan sa Latin na tinawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vulgata?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vulgata">Vulgata</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StoryChristianity-78">[77]</a> Ang mga pinakamaagang salin ni Jeronimo ng Lumang Tipan ay batay sa mga rebisyon ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuagint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ngunit kalaunang direktang bumase sa orihinal na tekstong Hebreo na iba sa Septuagint sa maraming mga lugar. Ang kanyang desisyon na gumamit ng tekstong Hebreo sa halip na nakaraang isinaling Septuagint ay sumalungat sa payo ng karamihang ibang mga Kristiyano kabilang si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustin_ng_Hipona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustin ng Hipona">Agustin ng Hipona</a> na naniwalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuagint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ay kinasihan ng Diyos. Gayunpaman, ang mga modernong skolar ay nagdududa sa aktuwal na kalidad ng kaalamang Hebreo ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jeronimo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jeronimo">Jeronimo</a>. Ang mga modernong skolar ay naniniwalang ang Griyegong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hexapla?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hexapla">Hexapla</a> ang pangunahing sanggunian para sa saling "iuxta Hebraeos" ni Jeronimo ng Lumang Tipan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-79">[78]</a> Itinakwil rin ni Jeronimo ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apokripa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apokripa">apokripa</a>. Gayunpaman, ang kanyang mga pananaw ay hindi nanaig. Noong 393 CE sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Synod_ng_Hipona&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Synod ng Hipona (hindi pa naisusulat)">Synod ng Hipona</a>, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuagint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> (kasama ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">Deuterokanoniko</a> at 27 aklat ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a>) ay pinaniniwalaang kinanonisa dahil sa impluwensiya ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustin_ng_Hipona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustin ng Hipona">Agustin ng Hipona</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-80">[79]</a> Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustin_ng_Hipona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustin ng Hipona">Agustin ng Hipona</a> ay naghayag na ang isa ay "magnanais ng mga tinatanggap ng lahat ng mga Simbahang Katoliko kesa sa mga hindi tinatanggap ng ilan sa kanila". Isinaad ni Augstin na ang mga sumasalungat na simbahan ay dapat mas higitan sa timbang ng mga opinyon ng mas marami at mas matimbang na mga simbahan. Epektibong pinwersa ni Augustin ang kanyang opinyon sa Simbahan sa pamamagitan ng pag-uutos ng tatlong mga synod tungkol sa kanonisidad: Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Synod_ng_Hipona&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Synod ng Hipona (hindi pa naisusulat)">synod ng Hipona</a> (393 CE), <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Synod_ng_Carthage&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Synod ng Carthage (hindi pa naisusulat)">synod ng Carthage</a> (397 CE) at isa pa sa Carthage (419 CE). Ang mga synod na ito ay tinipon sa ilalim ng kapangyarihan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agustin_ng_Hipona?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agustin ng Hipona">Agustin ng Hipona</a> na tumuring sa kanon bilang sarado na.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Ferguson,_Everett-81">[80]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-82">[81]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-83">[82]</a> Ang unang konseho na tumanggap ng kasalukuyang kanon ng mga aklat ng Bagong Tipan ay maaaring ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Synod_ng_Hipona&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Synod ng Hipona (hindi pa naisusulat)">Synod ng Hipona</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hilagang_Aprika?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hilagang Aprika">Hilagang Aprika</a> noong 393 CE. Kalaunang kinumpirma sa Mga Konseho ng Carthage noong 397 CE at 419 CE ang aksiyong kinuha sa Synod ng Hipona na muli ay dahil sa malaking impluwensiya ni Agustin ng Hipona.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-84">[83]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-85">[84]</a> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> ay idinagdag sa talaan noong 419 CE.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-86">[85]</a> Ang kontrobersiya ay hindi natapos dito at hindi lahat ng mga Kristiyano ay tumatangap sa naging kanon na 27 aklat ng Bagong Tipan. Ang kanon ng Bagong Tipan ng Bibliyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Peshitta?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Peshitta">Peshitta</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismong_Syriac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiyanismong Syriac">Kristiyanismong Syriac</a> ay naglalaman lamang ng 22 aklat at hindi kasama rito ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_Pedro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Pedro">2 Pedro</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/2_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="2 Juan">2 Juan</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/3_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="3 Juan">3 Juan</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a>. Ang kanon na may 22 aklat ng Bagong Tipan ang binanggit nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Juan_Crisostomo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Juan Crisostomo">Juan Crisostomo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodoret?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodoret">Theodoret</a> mula sa eskwelang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antioquia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antioquia">Antioquia</a>. Ang kanon ng Bagong Tipan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Etiopianong_Ortodoksong_Tewahedo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahang Etiopianong Ortodoksong Tewahedo">Simbahang Etiopianong Ortodoksong Tewahedo</a> ay naglalaman naman ng 35 aklat. Tinangkang alisin ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> (1483–1546) sa kanon ng Bagong Tipan ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_sa_mga_Hebreo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat sa mga Hebreo">Sulat sa mga Hebreo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Santiago?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sulat ni Santiago">Sulat ni Santiago</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sulat_ni_Judas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sulat ni Judas">Sulat ni Judas</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a>. Gayunpaman, ito ay hindi pangkalahatang tinatanggap ng kanyang mga tagasunod. Ang mga aklat na ito ay nilagay sa huli ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliyang_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliyang Luther">Bibliyang Luther</a> hanggang sa kasalukuyan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-87">[86]</a> Inilipat rin ni Luther ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">deuterokanoniko</a> sa isang seksiyong kanyang tinawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apokripa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apokripa">apokripa</a>. Sa De Canonicis Scripturis ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Trent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Trent">Konseho ng Trent</a> (1545–1563) na pumasa sa isang boto (24 oo, 15 hindi, 16 nangilin) noong 1546, kinumpirma ng Konseho na ang mga aklat na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">deuterokanoniko</a> ay kalebel ng ibang mga aklat ng kanon ng Lumang Tipan. Winakasan rin ng konseho ang debate sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antilegomena?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antilegomena">antilegomena</a> ng Bagong Tipan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pagkakabaha-bahagi_ng_Kristiyanismo">Pagkakabaha-bahagi ng Kristiyanismo </h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=12&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakabaha-bahagi ng Kristiyanismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Christianity_major_branches.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christianity_major_branches.svg/600px-Christianity_major_branches.svg.png" decoding="async" width="600" height="186" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="644" data-file-height="200"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 600px;height: 186px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christianity_major_branches.svg/600px-Christianity_major_branches.svg.png" data-width="600" data-height="186" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christianity_major_branches.svg/900px-Christianity_major_branches.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Christianity_major_branches.svg/1200px-Christianity_major_branches.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Pagkakabahagi ng Kristiyanismo sa kasaysayan. </figcaption> </figure> Pagkatapos ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Konseho ng Efeso">Konseho ng Efeso</a> noong 431 CE, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Iglesiang_Assyrian_ng_Silangan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Iglesiang Assyrian ng Silangan">Iglesiang Assyrian ng Silangan</a> ay humiwalay sa ibang mga obispo ng simbahan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantino">Bizantino</a>. Ang konsehong ito ay ipinatawag ng mga obispo upang lutasin at talakayin ang mga paniniwala ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestorian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nestorian">Nestorian</a> na isinulong ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestorio?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nestorio">Nestorio</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekumenikal_na_Patriarka_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekumenikal na Patriarka ng Constantinople">Patriarka ng Constantinople</a> noong 428–431 CE. Ang doktrina ni Nestorio ay nagbibigay-diin sa hindi pag-iisa ng kalikasang tao at diyos ni Hesus. Sa ibang salita, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestorianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nestorianismo">Nestorianismo</a> ay nagtuturong si Hesus ay umiral bilang dalawang natatanging kalikasan na isang taong Hesus at isang diyos na anak ng diyos sa halip na pinag-isang persona at kaya ay tumutol rin sa paggamit ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theotokos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Theotokos">Theotokos</a> (Ina ng Diyos) para kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maria_(ina_ni_Hesus)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Maria (ina ni Hesus)">Maria</a> na ina ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> at sa halip ay gumamit ng Christotokos (Ina ni Kristo). Ang mga katuruang ito ni Nestorio ang nagdulot sa kanya sa pakikipag-alitan sa ibang mga mahalagang pinuno ng Iglesia na ang pinakilala dito ay si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Cirilo_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Cirilo ng Alehandriya">Cirilo ng Alehandriya</a>. Si Nestorio at ang kanyang mga katuruan ay kalaunang kinondena ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Efeso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Konseho ng Efeso">Konseho ng Efeso</a> noong 431 CE gayundin sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Chalcedon">Konseho ng Chalcedon</a> noong 451 CE. Ang pagkondenang ito sa Konseho ng Efeso ang nagtulak sa ibang mga simbahan ng Kristiyanismo na sumusuporta sa katuruan ni Nestorio na humiwalay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahan sa Bizantino</a>. Ang mga simbahang ito na humiwalay ay naging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Silangan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahan ng Silangan">Simbahan ng Silangan</a>. Sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Chalcedon">Konseho ng Chalcedon</a> na nasa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> noong 451 CE, ang di pagkakasunduan ay nabuo sa pagitan ng karamihan ng mga obispo sa mga sakop ng Kristiyano at sa mga obispo na nakatalaga sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ethiopia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ethiopia">Ethiopia</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Armenia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Armenia">Armenia</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Syria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Syria">Syria</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/India?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="India">India</a> hinggil sa paglalarawan ng pagkatao at pagkadiyos ni Hesus. Ang pakikipag-hiwalay ay dulot sa isang bahagi ng pagtanggi ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Dioscoro_I_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Dioscoro I ng Alehandriya">Papa Dioscoro I ng Alehandriya</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarka_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Patriarka ng Alehandriya">Patriarka ng Alehandriya</a> na tanggapin ang dogma na pinalaganap ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Chalcedon">Konseho ng Chalcedon</a> na si Hesus ay may dalawang kalikasan na isang diyos at isang tao sa isang persona. Ang pananaw ni Dioscoro ay sumusunod sa pananaw ni Cirilo ng "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miapisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miapisismo">isang kalikasan ng Diyos na Salitang naging tao</a>" na nangangahulugang pagkatapos ng pagkakatawang ni Kristo, ang kanyang pagkaDiyos at pagkatao ay buong nagkakaisa sa isang kalikasan kay Kristo. Isinaad ni Dioscoro na hindi niya tinatanggap "ang dalawang mga kalikasan pagkatapos ng pagkakaisa" ngunit hindi siya tumututol sa "mula sa dalawang mga kalikasan pagkatapos ng pagkakaisa". Para sa mga pinuno o hierarka na naging pinuno ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ortodoksong_Oriental?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ortodoksong Oriental">Ortodoksong Oriental</a>, ang pananaw ng Konseho ng Chalcedon ay katumbas ng pagtanggap sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nestorianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nestorianismo">Nestorianismo</a>. Ang Konseho ng Chalcedon ay kumondena sa posisyon ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Dioscoro_I_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Dioscoro I ng Alehandriya">Dioscoro</a> na kanilang inalis sa tungkulin at pinatapon. Ang mga humiwalay na simbahan at tumakwil sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Chalcedon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Chalcedon">Konseho ng Chalcedon</a> na tinatawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismong_hindi-Chalcedoniano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kristiyanismong hindi-Chalcedoniano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Kristiyanismong hindi-Chalcedoniano</a> ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Oriental_na_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Oriental na Ortodokso">Simbahang Oriental na Ortodokso</a>. Ang sektang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Oriental_na_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental na Ortodokso">Oriental na Ortodokso</a> sa kasalukuyang panahon ay kinabibilangan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Coptikong_Simbahan_ng_Ehipto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptikong Simbahan ng Ehipto">Coptikong Simbahan ng Ehipto</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Etiopianong_Ortodoksong_Simbahang_Tewahedo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Etiopianong Ortodoksong Simbahang Tewahedo">Etiopianong Ortodoksong Simbahang Tewahedo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Ortodoksong_Syriac?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Ortodoksong Syriac">Simbahang Ortodoksong Syriac</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Armenianong_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Armenianong Ortodokso">Simbahang Armenianong Ortodokso</a>, at Simbahang Malankara (Indian) Ortodokso. Si Dioscoro ay namatay sa pagkakatapon noong 454 CE. Pinahintulutan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emperador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emperador">emperador</a> ang paglalagay ng obispo (partiarka) na Alehandriyanong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Proterio_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Proterio ng Alehandriya">Proterio</a> na humalili sa sede (diocese) ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a>, Ehipto. Ang pagkahirang kay Proterio na isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismong_Chalcedoniano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiyanismong Chalcedoniano">Chalcedoniano</a> ay humantong sa pagkakabahagi sa pagitan ng hindi-Chalcedonianong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Koptikong_Ortodoksong_Simbahan_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Koptikong Ortodoksong Simbahan ng Alehandriya">Koptikong Ortodoksong Simbahan ng Alehandriya</a> at Chalcedonianong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Ortodoksong_Griyego_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahang Ortodoksong Griyego ng Alehandriya">Simbahang Ortodoksong Griyego ng Alehandriya</a> na hindi kailanman na nalutas. Kalaunan, ang mga Kristiyano sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Alehandriya">Alehandriya</a> na sumusuporta kay Dioscoro ay naghimagsik sa hinirang na dayuhang obispo. Pinagsasaksak ng mga Kristiyanong Alehandriyano si Proterio, kanilang kinaladkad ang kanyang bangkay sa buong lungsod at pinagpuputol-putol ang kanyang bangkay at sinunog at ikinalat ang mga abo nito sa hangin. Si Proterio ay hinalinan ng hindi-Chalcedonianong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Timoteo_II_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya">Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya</a> ngunit noong 460 CE ay pinatalsik ng Emperador na naglagay sa Chalcedonianong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Patriarka_Timoteo_III_ng_Alehandriya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Patriarka Timoteo III ng Alehandriya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Timoteo III</a> bilang Patriarka. Ang mga Alehandriyanong Kristiyano na hindi-Chalcedoniano ay tumugon sa pamamagitan ng muling paglalagay sa katunggaling patriarkang hindi-Chalcedoniano na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Timoteo_II_ng_Alehandriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya">Papa Timoteo II ng Alehandriya</a>. Ang pinakamahalagang pagkakabahagi ay naganap noong 1054 CE na nagdulot ng matinding pinsala sa pagkakaisa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismong_Chalcedoniano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kristiyanismong Chalcedoniano">Kristiyanismong Chalcedoniano</a>. Ito ay resulta sa ilang siglo na pagkakaibang kultural (o teolohikal) sa pagitan ng Silangan (Bizantino) at Kanlurang bahagi ng Iglesiang Kristiyano. Ito ay nangyari nang itiwalag ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_ng_Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa ng Simbahang Katoliko Romano">papa sa Roma</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ekumenikal_na_Patriarka_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ekumenikal na Patriarka ng Constantinople">patriarka ng Bizantino</a> at itiniwalag naman nang patriarka ng Bizantino ang papa sa Roma. Ang pagkakabahagi ay sanhi ng pag-aangkin na ang papa sa Roma ang pangkalahatang autoridad sa buong mga kristiyano. Kabilang din sa mga pinag-talunan ng mga ito ang araw na isasagawa ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Easter?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Easter">easter</a>, kung ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Purgatoryo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Purgatoryo">purgatoryo</a> ay tamang konsepto, kung ang may <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lebadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebadura">lebadura</a> o walang lebadurang tinapay ay ihahandog bilang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Komunyon">komunyon</a> at kakainin sa mga banal na araw gayundin ang katayuan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Banal_na_espiritu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Banal na espiritu (hindi pa naisusulat)">banal na espiritu</a>. Ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Kristiyanong Bizantino</a> ay naniwalang ang banal na espiritu ay nagmula "lamang" sa Diyos Ama samantalang ang Kanlurang simbahan na nakabase sa Roma ay naniwalang ang banal na espiritu ay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filioque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filioque">nagmula sa parehong Ama at Anak</a>. Ang Silangang Kristiyanismo ay tinawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso</a> at ang Kanluraning Kristiyanismo ang naging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a>. Noong ika-labing anim na siglo (1517–1648), Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Repormasyong_Protestante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Repormasyong Protestante">Repormasyong Protestante</a> ay nagsanhi ng pagkakabahagi ng Kristiyanismo sa sektang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestante?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestante">Protestante</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calvinismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Calvinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Calvinismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anabaptismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anabaptismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anabaptismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lutheranismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheranismo">Lutheranismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglikanismo">Anglikanismo</a> at iba pa mula sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano_Katolisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katolisismo">Romano Katolisismo</a>. Sa kalaunan, ang mga sektang ito ay nagkabaha-bahagi pa sa iba't ibang mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mga_Gitnang_Panahon">Mga Gitnang Panahon</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=13&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Gitnang Panahon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Pagkatapos ng pagbagsak ng imperyo Romano noong 476 CE, ang Simbahang romano katoliko ay nakipagtunggali sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a> sa pang-aakay ng mga tribong barbarian.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff20-88">[87]</a> Ang kombersiyon ng paganong haring si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Clovis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Clovis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Clovis</a> sa Kristiyano ay nakakita ng pagsisimula ng isang patuloy na pag-akyat ng Kristiyanismo sa Kanluranin.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff21-89">[88]</a> Noong 530, isinulat ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Benedicto_ng_Nursia?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Benedicto ng Nursia">Benedicto ng Nursia</a> ang isang gabay na praktikal sa buhay ng pamayanang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monastiko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monastiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">monastiko</a>. Ang mensahe nito ay kumalat sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monasteryo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monasteryo (hindi pa naisusulat)">monasteryo</a> sa buong Europa.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods27-90">[89]</a> Sa simula ng ikawalong siglo CE, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikonoklasmong_Bizantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikonoklasmong Bizantino">ikonoklasmong Bizantino</a> ay naging pangunahing pinagmulan ng alitan sa pagitan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">simbahang Silanganin</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Kanluranin</a>. Ipinagbawal ng mga emperador na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bizantino?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bizantino">Bizantino</a> ang paglikha at benerasyon ng mga larawang relihiyoso o mga imahe bilang paglabag sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sampung_Utos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sampung Utos">ikalawang utos</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> na Huwag kang gagawa ng imahen ng anumang nilalang na nasa langit, nasa lupa, o nasa tubig upang sambahin. Huwag mo silang yuyukuran ni sasambahin sapagkat akong si Yahweh na iyong Diyos ay mapanibughuing Diyos. Ang kasalanan ng mga magulang ay sinisingil ko sa kanilang mga anak hanggang sa ikatlo at ikaapat na salinlahi (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Exodo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Exodo">Aklat ng Exodo</a> 20:4-5). Para sa mag ikonoklasto (anti-ikono), ang tanging tunay na imahe ay dapat eksaktong wangis ng prototipo na parehong substansiya na kanilang itinuturing na imposible dahil ang kahoy at mga imahe ay hindi naglalaman ng espirito at buhay. Para sa mga anti-ikono, ang tanging tunay na ikono ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ang Eukarista na katawan at dugo ni Kristo. Si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gregorio_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Gregorio III">Gregorio III</a> ay hindi umayon.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar103-91">[90]</a> Bilang tugon sa mga ikonoklasto, ang mga ikonodulo (pro-ikono) ay nangatwirang inutos ng Diyos kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moises?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moises">Moises</a> na gumawa ng dalawang mga estatwa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kerubin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kerubin">kerubin</a> sa Arko ng tipan (Exodus 25:18–22) at burdahan ang kurtina ng tabernakulo ng mga kerubin (Exodo 26:31). Sa karagdagan, kanila ring ikinatwiran na ang mga idolo ay kumakatawan sa mga taong walang realidad samantalang ang mga ikono ay naglalarawan ng mga tunay na persona. Samakatuwid sa kanilang pananaw, ang lahat ng mga imahe na hindi ng kanilang pananampalataya ay mga idolo at ang lahat ng mga imahe ng kanilang pananampalataya ay mga ikonong pinapipitagan na maihahambing sa kasanayan sa Lumang Tipan ng paghahandog lamang ng mga handog sa Diyos ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> at hindi sa ibang mga Diyos ng ibang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a>. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Kanluranin</a> ay nanatiling matibay sa pagsuporta nito sa paggamit ng mga imahe sa panahong ito na humantong sa malaking paghahati ng mga tradisyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">simbahang Silanganin</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Kanluranin</a>. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Hieria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Hieria">Konseho ng Hieria</a> ay tinipon ng emperador na Bizantinong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantino_V?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantino V">Constantino V</a> noong 754 CE na nagpatibay sa posisyong ikonklasto (anti-ikono) ng emperador. Ideneklara ng konseho ng Hieria ang sarili nito bilang ang ikapitong konsehong ekumenikal ngunit ito ay hindi tinatanggap ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano_Katoliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katoliko">Romano Katoliko</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-92">[91]</a> Ang bagong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Irene_ng_Atenas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Irene ng Atenas">emperatris na si Irene</a> ay tumawag sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea">Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> noong 787 na muling bumuhay sa benerasyon ng mga ikono sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silanganin</a> na muling nagsanhi ng pagkakaisa ng Simbahangang Silanganin sa Simbahang Kanluranin. Ideneklara ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea">Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> ang sarili nito bilang ang ikapitong konsehong ekumenikal. Sa pagtatapos, ang 300 mga obispo na pinangunahan ng mga kinatawan ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Adriano_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Adriano I">Papa Adriano I</a> ay tumangap sa katuruan ng Papa na pabor sa mga ikono. Gayunpaman, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Constantinople_(815)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Constantinople (815)">Konseho ng Constantinople noong 815</a> ay idinaos na muling nagbabalik ng pagbabawal sa mga ikono at tumatakwil sa desisyon ng mas maagang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_Konseho_ng_Nicaea?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea">Ikalawang Konseho ng Nicaea</a> at muling nagpapatibay ng desisyom ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Hieria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Konseho ng Hieria">Konseho ng Hieria</a>. Sa koronasyon ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Carlomagno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Carlomagno">Carlomagno</a> ni papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Leo_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Leo III">Leo III</a> noong 800, ang kapapahan ay nagkamit ng bagong protektor sa kanluran. Ito ay nagpalaya sa mga papa mula sa kapangyarihan ng emperador sa Constantinople. Ito ay humantong sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paghahating_Silangan-Kanluran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paghahating Silangan-Kanluran">paghahating Silangan-Kanluran</a> dahil ang mga emperador at ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarka_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarka ng Constantinople">patriarka ng Constantinople</a> ay nagbigay kahulugan sa kanilang mga sarili na mga tunay na inapo ng imperyo Romano na may petsang bumabalik sa mga pagsisimula ng simbahan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-93">[92]</a> Tumanggi si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicholas_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nicholas II">Nicholas II</a> na kilalalin ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Patriarkang_Photios_I_ng_Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Patriarkang Photios I ng Constantinople">Patriarkang Photios I ng Constantinople</a> na umatake naman sa papa bilang eretiko dahil pinanatili nito ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Filioque?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Filioque">filioque</a> sa kredo na tumutukoy sa banal na espirito na nagmumula sa diyos ama at anak. Ang kapapahan ay napalakas sa pamamagitan ng kanyang mga bagong alyansa na lumikha ng bagong problema para sa mga papa nang sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kontrobersiyang_imbestitura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kontrobersiyang imbestitura (hindi pa naisusulat)">kontrobersiyang imbestitura</a>, ang mga humaliling emperador ay naghangad na hirangin ang mga obispo at kahit ang panghinaharap na mga papa.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar107-94">[93]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy78-95">[94]</a> Pagkatapos ng disintegrasyon ng imperyo ni Carlomagno at paulit ulit na pananakop ng mga pwersang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Islam?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Islam">Islamiko</a>, ang kapapahan nang walang anumang proteksiyon ay pumasok sa yugto ng isang malaking kahinaan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-96">[95]</a> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Repormang_Cluniac&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Repormang Cluniac (hindi pa naisusulat)">repormang Cluniac</a> ng mga monasteryo na nagsimula noong 910 ay naglagay sa mga abbot sa ilalim ng direktang kontrol ng papa kesa sa sekular na kontrol ng mga panginoong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Feudal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Feudal">feudal</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy88-97">[96]</a> Sa ikalabingisang siglo CE, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paghahating_Silangan-Kanluran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paghahating Silangan-Kanluran">Paghahating Silangan-Kanluran</a> ay permanenteng naghati sa Kristiyanismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SandSp91-98">[97]</a> Ito ay lumitaw sa isang alitan kung ang Constantinople o Roma ay may hurisdiksiyon sa Sicily at humantong sa mga mutual na pagtitiwalag ng papa sa patriarka at ng patriarka sa papa noong 1054.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SandSp91-98">[97]</a> Mula nito, ang Kanluran (Latin) na nasa Roma na sangay ng Kritiyanismo ay naging Romano Katoliko samantalang ang Silanganing (Griyego) na nasa Constantinople sangay ay naging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-StoChris44-99">[98]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar104-100">[99]</a> Ang ikalabingisang siglo CE ay nakakakita ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kontrobersiyang_imbestitura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Kontrobersiyang imbestitura (hindi pa naisusulat)">kontrobersiyang imbestitura</a> sa pagitan ng emperador at papa sa karapatan na gumawa ng mga paghirang ng simbahan na isang pangunahing yugto ng paglalaban sa pagitan ng estado at simbahan sa mediebal na Europa. Ang kapapahan ang mga nanalo sa simula ngunit dahil ang mga Italyano ay nahati sa pagitan ng mga Guelph at Ghibelline sa mga paksiyon na kadalasang ipinapasa sa pamamagitan ng mga pamilya o estado hanggang sa wakas ng Gitnang Panhon, ang alitan ay unti unting nagpahina sa kapapahan. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Mga_Krusada">Mga Krusada</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=14&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Krusada" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga Krusada">Mga Krusada</a> </div> Inilunsad ni Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Urban_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban II">Urban II</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Unang Krusada">Unang Krusada</a> noong 1095 nang makatanggap ito ng apela mula sa emperador na Byzantine na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Alexius_I_Komnenos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Alexius I Komnenos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Alexius I Komnenos</a> upang pigilan ang mga pananakop ng Turko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-rileysmith-101">[100]</a> Si papa Urban II ay naniwala na ang Krusada ay makakatulong upang magdulot ng rekonsilyasyon sa Silanganing Kristiyanismo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar130-102">[101]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter140-103">[102]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter155-104">[103]</a> Ang sermon ni Urban II as Clermont ang simula ng walong buwang pangangaral na isinagawa ng papa sa buong Pransiya na humihimok ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Banal_na_digmaan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Banal na digmaan">banal na digmaan</a> at humimok sa mga Kristiyano na ipagtanggol ang Byzantine laban sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muslim?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muslim">Muslim</a>. Siya ay nagpadala rin ng mga mangangaral sa buong Kanluraning Europa upang ipalaganap ang tungkol sa Krusada. Ang pangangaral na ito ni Urban II ay humimok ng isang pagsiklab ng karahasan laban sa ma Hudyo. Sa Pransiya at Alemanya, ang mga Hudyo ay nakita na mga kaaway ng mga Kristiyano gaya ng mga Muslim at pinaniniwalaang responsable sa pagpapapako kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-105">[104]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-106">[105]</a> Ang sunod sunod na mga kampanyang militar na tinatawag na mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Krusada">krusada</a> ay nagsimula noong 1096. Ang mga ito ay nilayon upang ibalik ang Banal na Lupain (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Israel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Israel">Israel</a>) sa kontrol ng mga Kristiyano. Ang layuning ito ay hindi naisakatuparan at ang mga episodyo ng brutalidad na isinagawa ng mga hukbo ng parehong panig ay nag-iwan ng isang legasiya ng mutual na kawalang pagtitiwala sa pagitan ng mga Muslim at mga Kristiyano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-LeGoff66-107">[106]</a> Ang mga nagkrusada ay nabigo na magtatag ng mga permanenteng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_estado_ng_nagkrusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga estado ng nagkrusada">estadong Kristiyano sa Banal na Lupain</a>. Ang pagsalakay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Constantinople?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Constantinople">Constantinople</a> noong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikaapat_na_Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikaapat na Krusada">Ikaapat na Krusada</a> ay nag-iwan sa mga Kristiyano sa Silanganin na mapoot sa kabila ng pagbabawal ni Papa Inosento III ng anumang gayong pag-atake.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Tyerman-108">[107]</a> Noong 1199, kasunod ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikatlong_Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikatlong Krusada">Ikatlong Krusada</a>, inatas ni Inosente III na palayain ng mga nagpautang na Hudyo ang mga nagkrusada. Maraming mga nagkrusada ay nangailangan mangutang sa mga Hudyo upang bumili ng mga sandata para sa Krusada. Ang batas sa Pransiya noong ika-13 siglo ay nagrereplekta sa mga pagsisikap ng Simbahang Katoliko na buwagin ang mga pagpapautang ng mga Hudyo. Ang patakarang ito ay may malalang epekto sa mga Hudyo ng Pransiya dahil ang pagpapautang ang isa sa kakaunting tanging mga bukas na trabaho para sa kanila. Ang papa ay tumawag rin ng panloob na Krusada laban sa mga hindi mananampalataya ng Katolisismo, lalo na ang mga heretiko ng katimugang Pransiya. Ang masaker ng mga libo libong heretiko sa Bezier, Pransiya noong 1209 ay humantong sa pagmamasaker ng mga 800 Hudyo. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikaapat_na_Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikaapat na Krusada">Ikaapat na Krusada</a> na may autorisasyon ni Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inosente_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosente III">Inosente III</a> noon 1202 na nilayong muling kunin ang Banal na Lupain ay sandaling pinabagsak ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Venetian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Venetian">Venetian</a> na gumamit ng mga pwersa upang salakayin ang siyudad na Kristiyano ng Zara. Kalaunan, ang mga nagkrusada ay dumating sa Constantinople ngunit sa halip na tumuloy sa Banal na Lupain ay sinalakay ang Constantinople at ibang mga bahagi ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asya_menor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asya menor">Asya menor</a> na nagtatag ng Imperyong Latin ng Constantinope sa Gresya at Asya minor. Noong 2001, si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Paul_II?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="John Paul II">John Paul II</a> ay humingi ng tawad para sa mga kasalanan ng Katoliko kabilang ang pagsalakay sa Constantinope noong 1204.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-109">[108]</a> Ang mga impluwensiya at reporma ng mongheng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Cistercian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Cistercian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Cistercian</a> na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bernard_ng_Clairvaux&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bernard ng Clairvaux (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bernard ng Clairvaux</a> ay nagtulak kay Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander III">Alexander III</a> na magpasimula ng mga reporma na humantong sa pagkakatatag ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batas_na_kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Batas na kanon">batas na kanon</a> ng Romano Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy101-110">[109]</a> Noong ikalabingdalawang siglo, ang Pransiya ay nakasaksi ng paglago ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catharismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Catharismo">Catharismo</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Languedoc&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Languedoc (hindi pa naisusulat)">Languedoc</a>, Pransiya. Ang Catharismo ay isang sektang Kristiyano na may pilosopiyang neo-manichean. Pagkatapos na akusahan ang mga Cathar ng pagpatay sa isang legato ng papa noong 1208, si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inosente_III?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inosente III">Inosente III</a> ay nagdeklara ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krusadang_Albigensian?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Krusadang Albigensian">Krusadang Albigensian</a> na nag-aalok ng mga lupain ng mga heretikong Cathar sa sinumang Maharlikang Pranses na makikidigma sa mga Cathar.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy112-111">[110]</a> Ang karahasan nito ay humantong sa pagkakamit ng Pransiya ng mga lupain na may malapit na ugnayang pampolitika at kultural sa Catalonia.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar144-112">[111]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter132-113">[112]</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Mga_inkisisyon">Mga inkisisyon</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=15&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga inkisisyon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">Inkisisyon</a> ay itinatag sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Toulouse?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a> noong Nobyembre 1229 at ang mga natirang mga elemento ng Catharismo ay nilipol sa rehiyon. Ang inkisisyong ito ay pumaslang sa aberahang tatlong katao kada taon sa tugatog nito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter132-113">[112]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman93-114">[113]</a> Sa paglipas ng panahon, ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">inkisisyon</a> ay inilunsad ng mga pinuno ng Romano Katoliko upang usigin ang mga heretiko, upang tumugon sa banta ng pananakop ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Moor">Moor</a> o para sa mga layuning pampolitika.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-christopherblack-115">[114]</a> Ang mga nilitis ay hinikayat na bawiin ang kanilang heresiya at ang mga tumanggi ay pinarusahan ng mga pangungumpisal, mga multa, mga pagkabilanggo, pagpapahirap o pagpatay sa pamamagitan ng pagsunog.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-christopherblack-115">[114]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Casey-116">[115]</a> Sa isang liham mula sa mga Consul ng Carcassone noong 1285 kay Jean Garland, inilarawan ito ng isang inkwisitor na: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2106284">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style> <blockquote class="templatequote"> Ang buhay para sa kanila ay isang pagdurusa at ang kamatayan ay isang kaginhawaan. Sa ilalim ng mga pagpipilit na ito, kanilang pinagtibay bilang totoo ang hindi totoo na piniling mamatay ng minsan kesa pahirapan ng maraming mga beses...kanilang inakusahan hindi lamang ang kanilang mga sarili kundi pati ang mga iba na inosente upang takasan ang kanilang paghihirap sa anumang paraan...ang mga nangumpisal ay naghayag kalaunan na ang kanilang sinabi sa Kapatid na mga Inkwisitor (mga Dominikano) ay hindi totoo at sila ay nangumpisal sa takot ng panganib ng sandali. Sa ilang mga saksi na iyong binanggit, ikaw ay nangako ng imunidad upang kanilang malayang kondenahin ang iba nang walang takot. </blockquote> Ang mga kondemnasyon noong 1210–1277 ay isinabatas sa mediebal na Unibersidad ng Paris upang limitahan ang ilang mga katuruan na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heresiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heresiya">heretikal</a>. Ang mga ito ay kinabibilangan ng ilang mga mediebal na katuruang teolohikal ngunit ang isa pinakamahalaga ang mga tratadong pisikal ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aristotle?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Aristotle">Aristotle</a>. Ang mga imbestigasyon ng mga katuruang ito ay isinagawa ng mga obispo ng Paris. Ang tinatayang 16 na mga talaan ng mga hindi inaprobahang tesis ay inisyu ng Unibersidad ng Paris noong mga ika-13 at ika-14 siglo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Stanford-117">[116]</a> Ang mga talaan ng proposiyong ito ay tinipon sa isang sistematikong mga kalipunan ng mga pinagbawal na artikulo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods91-2-118">[117]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Renasimiyento_at_mga_reporma">Renasimiyento at mga reporma</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=16&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Renasimiyento at mga reporma" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Sa huli at simula ng ikalabinglima at ikalabinganim na mga siglo CE, ang mga misyong Europeo at mga maglalayag ay nagpakalat ng Romano Katolisismo sa mga Amerika, Asya, Aprika at Oceania. Si Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a> sa kanyang papal bull na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inter_caetera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inter caetera">inter caetera</a> ay naggawad ng mga karapatang kolonyal sa karamihan ng mga bagong natuklasang lupain sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Espanya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Espanya">Espanya</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Portugal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Portugal">Portugal</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke13-119">[118]</a> Noong Disyembre 1511, bukas na sinuway ng prayleng Dominikano na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Antonio_de_Montesinos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Antonio de Montesinos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Antonio de Montesinos</a> ang mga autoridad na Espanyol na namamahala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Hispaniola&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Hispaniola (hindi pa naisusulat)">Hispaniola</a> sa masasamang pagtrato sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katutubong_Amerikano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Katutubong Amerikano">katutubong Amerikano</a> na nagsasabi sa mga ito na "...kayo ay nasa mortal na kasalanan... para sa kalupitan at kabagsikan na ginagamit ninyo sa pakikitungo sa mga inosenteng taong ito." <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods135-120">[119]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johansen1092-121">[120]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke287-122">[121]</a> Bilang tugon, isinabatas ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ferdinand_II_of_Aragon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ferdinand II of Aragon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Haring Ferdinand</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_Batas_ng_Burgos&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga Batas ng Burgos (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Batas ng Burgos</a>. Ang pagpapatupad ay maluwag at ang ilan ay nagsisi sa Simbahang Katoliko sa hindi paggawa ng sapat upang mapalay ang mga Amerikanong Indiyano.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Dussel45-123">[122]</a> Ang isyung ito ay nagresulta sa krisis ng konsensiya noong ikalabing anim na siglong Espanya.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Johansen109-124">[123]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke287-122">[121]</a> Ang pagbubuhos ng pagbatikos sa sarili at pagninilay nilay na pilosopikal sa mga teologong Katoliko ay humantong sa debate sa kalikasan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karapatang_pantao?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Karapatang pantao">karapatang pantao</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke287-122">[121]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Woods137-125">[124]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Chadwick327-126">[125]</a> Noong ikalabinglimang siglo, Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nicolaus_Copernicus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nicolaus Copernicus">Nicolaus Copernicus</a> na isang astronomo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renasimiyento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renasimiyento">Renasimiyento</a> ay unang bumuo ng isang komprehensibong kosmolohiyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heliosentriko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heliosentriko">heliosentriko</a> na nag-aalis sa planetang mundo mula sa sentro ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Uniberso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Uniberso">uniberso</a>. Sa orihinal na paglilimbag ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=De_revolutionibus_orbium_coelestium&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (hindi pa naisusulat)">De revolutionibus orbium coelestium</a>, ang aklat ni Copernicus ay nagsanhi ng katamtamang kontrobersiya at hindi pumukaw ng anumang mga mabagsik na sermon mula sa simbahan tungkol sa pagsasalungat ng teoriyang ito sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">bibliya</a>. Pagkatapos ng tatlong taon noong 1546, ang Dominikanong si Giovanni Maria Tulosi ay bumatikos sa teoriya ni Copernicus sa kanyang papel na natatanggol sa absolutong katotohanan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">bibliya</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-127">[126]</a> Kanya ring isinaad na pinlano ng Panginoon ng Sagradong Palasyo (i.e. ang hepe ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Censor_librorum&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Censor librorum (hindi pa naisusulat)">censor librorum</a> ng Simbahang Katoliko) na Dominikanong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bartolomeo_Spina&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bartolomeo Spina (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bartolomeo Spina</a> na kondenahin ang De revolutionibus ngunit napigilang gawin ito dahil sa pagkakasakit at kamatayan..<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-128">[127]</a> Pagkatapos ng 1610, nang publikong suportahan ni siyentipikong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Galileo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Galileo">Galileo</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heliosentrismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heliosentrismo">heliosentrismo</a> ni Copernicus siya ay nakatagpo ng mapait na pagsalungat mula sa ilang mga pilosopo at mga kaparian na ang dalawa ng mga pari ay kalaunang nagakusa sa kanya sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">inkisisyon</a> ng Simbahang Katoliko noong 1615. Ang karamihan ng mga astronomo at pilosopo sa panahong ito ay naniniwala pa rin sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heosentrismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Heosentrismo">heosentrismong</a> pananaw na ang planetang daigdig ay nasa sentro ng uniberso.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-contrary_to_scripture-129">[128]</a> Sa kanyang sermon noong 1614 (na ang paksa ay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ni_Josue?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ni Josue">Aklat ni Josue</a> 10 kung saan pinatigil ni Josue ang araw), ang prayleng Dominikanong Tommmaso Caccini ang unang gumawa ng pag-atake kay Galileo. Si Galileo ay hinimok sa Roma upang litisin sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">Inkisisyon</a> at natagpuang "malalang suspek ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heresiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heresiya">heresiya</a> sa pagsunod sa posiyon ni Copernicus na salungat sa tunay na kahulugan at autoridad ng Banal na Kasulatan". Siya ay inilagay sa pagkakabilanggo sa kanyang tahanan sa natitira ng kanyang buhay. Ang isa pang biktima ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">Inkisisyon</a> ng Simbahang Katoliko si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Giordano_Bruno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Giordano Bruno">Giordano Bruno</a> na lumagpas sa modelong Copernican at nagmungkahi na ang araw ay isang bituin at ang uniberso ay naglalaman ng walang hangganang bilang mga tinatahanang daigdig na tinatahanan ng ibang mga matatalinong nilalang. Pagkatapos ng inkisiyon ni Bruno, siya ay natagpuang nagkasala ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heresiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heresiya">heresiya</a> at ipinagsunog ng buhay. Noong 1521, sa pamamagitan ng pamumuno at pangangaral ng Portuges na maglalayag na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ferdinand_Magellan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ferdinand Magellan">Ferdinand Magellan</a>, ang unang mga Katoliko ay nabautismuhan sa unang bansang Krisityano sa Asya na Pilipinas.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke21-130">[129]</a> Sa sumunod na taon, ang mga misyong Franciscan ay dumating sa Mehiko at naghangad na akayin ang mga Indiyano sa Katolisismo. Ang mga katutubong Indiyano ay inilarawan sa batas bilang mga bata at ang mga pari ay nagkaroon ng papel na pang-ama na kadalasang pinapatupad ng mga parusang pisikal.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jacksonxiii-131">[130]</a> Sa India, ang mga misyonaryong Portuges at Heswitang si Francis Xavier ay nang-akay ng mga hindi Kristiyano at isang pamayanang Kristiyano na nag-aangkin na itinatag ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Tomas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Tomas">Apostol Tomas</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Koschorke3-132">[131]</a> Sa Europa, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Renasimiyento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Renasimiyento">Renasimiyento</a> ay nagmarka sa panahon ng binagong interest ssa pagkatutong sinauna at klasiko. Ito ay nagdulot rin sa muling pagsisiyasat ng mga tinatanggap na paniniwala. Ang pagtanggap sa europa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Humanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Humanismo">humanismo</a> ay nagkaroon ng mga epekto sa Simbahan na yumakap rin dito. Noong 1509, ang skolar na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Erasmus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Erasmus">Erasmus</a> sa kanyang "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ang_Papuri_sa_Kahangalan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ang Papuri sa Kahangalan (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ang Papuri sa Kahangalan</a>" ay bumihag ng isang malawak na pagkabalisa sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Korupsiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Korupsiyon">korupsiyon</a> ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman86-133">[132]</a> Ang mismong kapapahan ay kinuwestiyon ng mga kousilarismo na inihayag sa mga konsilyo ng Constance at Basel. Ang mga tunay na pagbabago sa mga konsehong ekumenikal ay tinangka ng ilang mga beses ngunit napigilan. Ang mga ito ay nakitang kinakailangan ngunit hindi nagtagumpay dahil sa panloob na mga alitan sa simbahang Romano Katoliko <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen_65-78-134">[133]</a> gayundin sa patuloy na mga alitan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyong_Ottoman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyong Ottoman">imperyong Ottoman</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saracen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saracen">Saracen</a> at sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Simoniya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Simoniya (hindi pa naisusulat)">simoniya</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepotismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepotismo">nepotismo</a> na sinasanay sa Simbahang Romano Katoliko nang ika-15 at ika-16 na siglo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen_65-78-134">[133]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter202-135">[134]</a> Dahil dito, ang mga mayayaman, makapangyarihan at makamundong mga tao tulad ni Rodrigo <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=House_of_Borgia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="House of Borgia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Borgia</a> na naging Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Alexander_VI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexander VI">Alexander VI</a> ay nagawang manalo sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Halalan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Halalan">halalan</a> ng kapapahan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter202-135">[134]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy149-136">[135]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Panahon_ng_Protestanteng_Repormasyon">Panahon ng Protestanteng Repormasyon</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=17&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Panahon ng Protestanteng Repormasyon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Martin_Luther,_1529.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="236" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="643"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 236px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/220px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="236" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/330px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg/440px-Martin_Luther%2C_1529.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Tagapagpasimula ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestanteng_Repormasyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanteng Repormasyon">Protestanteng Repormasyon</a> na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> </figcaption> </figure> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ikalimang_Konsehong_Lateran&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ikalimang Konsehong Lateran (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikalimang Konsehong Lateran</a> ay naglabas ng ilan ngunit mga maliliit na reporma noong Marso 1517. Pagkatapos ng ilang mga buwan noong 31 Oktubre 1517, ang paring Katoliko na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a> ay nagpaskil ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ang_Siyamnaputlimang_Tesis&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ang Siyamnaputlimang Tesis (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ang Siyamnaputlimang Tesis</a> sa publiko na umaasang magpasimula ng debate.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar184-137">[136]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter215-138">[137]</a> Ang kanyang tesis ay nagprotesta sa mga mahahalagang punto ng doktrinang Katoliko gayon din ang pagbebenta ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Indulhensiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Indulhensiya">indulhensiya</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar184-137">[136]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter215-138">[137]</a> Ang iba pa gaya nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huldrych_Zwingli?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huldrych Zwingli">Huldrych Zwingli</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Calvin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a> ay bumatikos rin sa mga katuruan ng Romano Katoliko. Ang mga hamong ito na sinuportahan ng mga makapangyarihang pwersang pampolitika sa rehiyon ay umunlad sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestanteng_Repormasyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanteng Repormasyon">Protestanteng Repormasyon</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ConciseHistory-139">[138]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar196-140">[139]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-141">[140]</a> Sa Alemanya, ang Repormasyon ay nagresulta sa digmaan sa pagitan ng Protestang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ligang_Schmalkaldic&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ligang Schmalkaldic (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ligang Schmalkaldic</a> at emperador na Katolikong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Charles_V,_Banal_na_Emperador_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Charles V, Banal na Emperador Romano">Charles V, Banal na Emperador Romano</a>. Ang unang siyam na taong digmaan ay nagwakas noong 1555 ngunit ang patuloy na mga tensiyon ay lumikha ng higit na malalang alitan na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=TatlumpungTaong_Digmaan&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="TatlumpungTaong Digmaan (hindi pa naisusulat)">TatlumpungTaong Digmaan</a> na sumiklab noong 1618.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar233-142">[141]</a> Sa Pransiya, ang sunod sunod na mga alitang tinaguriang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_Digmaang_Pranses_ng_Relihiyon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga Digmaang Pranses ng Relihiyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Digmaang Pranses ng Relihiyon</a> ay nilabanan mula 1562 hanggang 1598 sa pagitan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Huguenot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> at mga pwersa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ligang_Katolikong_Pranses&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ligang Katolikong Pranses (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ligang Katolikong Pranses</a>. Ang mga sunod sunod na papa ay pumanig at naging mga tagasuportang pinansiyal ng Ligang Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy177-143">[142]</a> Ito ay nagwakas sa ilalim ni Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clemente_VIII?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemente VIII">Clemente VIII</a> na may pag-aatubiling tanggapin ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Atas_ng_Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Atas ng Nantes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Atas ng Nantes</a> ni Haring <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_IV_ng_Pransiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry IV ng Pransiya">Henry IV ng Pransiya</a> noong 1598 na nagkakaloob ng tolerasyong relihiyoso at sibil sa mga Protestante.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar233-142">[141]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy177-143">[142]</a> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Repormasyong_Ingles&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Repormasyong Ingles (hindi pa naisusulat)">Repormasyong Ingles</a> ay maliwanag na batay sa pagnanais ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Henry_VIII_ng_Inglatera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Henry VIII ng Inglatera">Henry VIII ng Inglatera</a> sa pagpapawalang bisa ng kanyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kasal">kasal</a> kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Catherine_ng_Aragon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Catherine ng Aragon">Catherine ng Aragon</a> at sa simula ay mas pampolitika at kalaunang naging alitang teolohikal.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-scruton1996p470-144">[143]</a> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mga_Akto_ng_Supremasya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mga Akto ng Supremasya (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mga Akto ng Supremasya</a> ay gumawa sa hari ng Inglatera na maging pinuno ng simbahan ng Inglatera at sa gayon ay sa pagkakatatag ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahan_ng_Inglatera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Simbahan ng Inglatera">Simbahan ng Inglatera</a>. Pagkatapos nito sa simula ng 1536, ang ilang mga monasteryo sa Inglater, Wales at ireland ay nahinto at ang mga simbahang Katoliko ay sinunggaban.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Schama-145">[144]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar220-146">[145]</a> Nang mamatay si Henry noong 1547, ang lahat ng mga monasteryo, priaryo, mga kombento at ma dambana ay winasak o hininto.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar220-146">[145]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Gonzalez75-147">[146]</a> Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Maria_I_ng_Inglatera?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Maria I ng Inglatera">Maria I ng Inglatera</a> ay muling nagpaisa ng Simbahan ng Inglatera at Roma laban sa payo ng ambahador na Espanyol at inusig ang mga Protestante sa panahon ng mga pag-uusig na Marian.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar225-148">[147]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Haigh159-149">[148]</a> Pagkatapos ng ilang probokasyon, ang sumunod na reynang si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Elizabeth_I?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Elizabeth I">Elizabeth I</a> ay napatupad ng Akto ng Supremasya. Ito ay pumigil sa mga Katoliko na maging mga kasapi ng propesyon, humawak ng opisyong pampubliko, pagboto o pagbibigay edukasyon sa mga anak nito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar225-148">[147]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar225-148">[147]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Solt149-150">[149]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-SchamaII-151">[150]</a> Ang Simbahang Katoliko Romano <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-152">[151]</a> ay tumugon sa mga hamong pang doktrina at mga pang-aabuso na binigyang diin ng Repormasyon sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konseho_ng_Trent?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konseho ng Trent">Konseho ng Trent</a> (1545–1563). Ang konsehong ito ay naging nagpapatakbong pwersa ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kontra-Repormasyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kontra-Repormasyon">Kontra-Repormasyon</a> at muling pinagtibay ang mga sentral na doktrinang Katoliko gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Transubsansiasyon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Transubsansiasyon (hindi pa naisusulat)">transubsansiasyon</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter242-153">[152]</a> Ito ay nagbago rin sa ibang mga mahalagang sa simbahan gaya ng pag-iisa ng hurisdiksiyon ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Roman_Curia&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Roman Curia (hindi pa naisusulat)">Roman Curia</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter242-153">[152]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman81-154">[153]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Vidmar237-155">[154]</a> Ang mga batikos ng Repormasyon ang kabilang na paktor na nagpasimula ng mga bagong orden kabilang ang mga theatine, Barnabite at Heswita.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman91-156">[155]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan_at_sekularismo">Panahon ng Kaliwanagan at sekularismo</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=18&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Panahon ng Kaliwanagan at sekularismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panahon ng Kaliwanagan">Panahon ng Kaliwanagan</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sekularismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sekularismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sekularismo</a> </div> Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panahon ng Kaliwanagan">Panahon ng Kaliwanagan</a> ay bumubuo sa isang bagong hamon sa Kristiyanismo. Hindi tulad ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestanteng_Repormasyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestanteng Repormasyon">Protestanteng Repormasyon</a> na kumuwestiyon ng ilang mga doktrina ng Romano Katoliko, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panahon ng Kaliwanagan">Panahon ng Kaliwanagan</a> ay kumuwestiyon sa Kristiyano sa kabuuan nito. Sa pangkalahatan, itinaas nito ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Katwiran?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Katwiran">katwiran</a> ng tao ng higit sa pahayag ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> at pinababa nito ang mga autoridad na pang-<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Relihiyon">relihiyon</a> gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">kapapahan</a> batay dito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-157">[156]</a> Tinangka ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko na itaboy ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Galicanismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Galicanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Galicanismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Councilarismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Councilarismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Councilarismo</a> na mga ideolohiyang nagbanta sa kapapahan at istruktura ng Simbahang Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-158">[157]</a> Tungo sa huling bahagi ng ika-17 siglo, nakita ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa_Inocencio_XI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Papa Inocencio XI">Papa Inocencio XI</a> ang papataas na mga pag-atake ng Turko laban sa Europa na sinuportahan ng Pransiya bilang pangunahing banta sa Simbahang Katoliko. Kanyang itinatag ang koalisyong Polish-Austrian para sa pagkatalo ng mga Turko sa Vienna noong 1683. Ang ilang mga skolar ay tumatawag sa kanyang santong papa dahil kanyang nireporma ang mga pang-aabuso ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko kabilang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Simoniya&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Simoniya (hindi pa naisusulat)">simoniya</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nepotismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nepotismo">nepotismo</a> at maaksayang mga paggasta ng papa na nagresulta sa kanyang magmana ng utang ng papa na 50,000,000 <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Italian_scudo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Italian scudo (hindi pa naisusulat)">scudi</a>. Sa pagtanggal ng ilang mga honoraryong posisyon at pagpapakilala ng patakarang piskal, nagawa ni Inocencio XI na muling makuha ang kontrol ng mga pinansiya ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy188-159">[158]</a> Sa Pransiya, nilabanan ng Simbahang Katoliko ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Jansenismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Jansenismo">Jansenismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Gallicanismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Gallicanismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Gallicanismo</a> na sumuporta sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Councilarismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Councilarismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Councilarismo</a> at tumakwil sa primasya ng kapapahan at humingi ng mga espesyal na konsesyon para sa Simbahang Katoliko sa Pransiya. Ito ay nagpahina sa kakayahan ng Simbahang Katoliko na tumugon sa mga taga-isip na Gallicanista gaya ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Denis_Diderot&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Denis Diderot (hindi pa naisusulat)">Denis Diderot</a> na humamon sa mga pundamental na doktrina ng Simbahang Romano Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Bokenkotter267-160">[159]</a> Noong 1685, ang gallicanistang Haring si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Louis_XIV?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV">Louis XIV</a> ay naglabas ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pagbawi_ng_Atas_ng_Nantes&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pagbawi ng Atas ng Nantes (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pagbawi ng Atas ng Nantes</a> na nagwakas sa isang siglo ng tolerasyong relihiyoso. Ang Pransiya ay pumwersa sa mga teologong Katoliko na suportahan ang councilarismo at itanggi ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Impalibilidad_ng_Papa&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Impalibilidad ng Papa (hindi pa naisusulat)">impalibilidad ng Papa</a>. Ang hari ay nagbanta kay Papa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inocencio_XI?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Inocencio XI">Inocencio XI</a> sa isang pangkalahatang konseho at militar na pagsunggab ng estado ng papa.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-161">[160]</a> Ang absolutong monarkiya ng estado ng Pransiya ay gumamit ng Gallicanismo upang makamit ang kontrol ng halos lahat ng mga pangunahing paghirang ng Simbahang Katoliko gayundin ang mga pag-aari ng Simbahan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Duffy188-159">[158]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Norman137-162">[161]</a> Ang autoridad ng Estado ng ibabaw sa Simbahang Katoliko ay naging sikat rin sa ibang mga bansa. Sa Alemanya at Belgium, ang Gallicanismo ay lumitaw sa anyo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Febronianismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Febronianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Febronianismo</a> na tumakwil sa mga prerogratibo ng papa sa katulad na paraan.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen_328-163">[162]</a> Si Emperador <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Joseph_II,_Banal_na_Emperador_Romano&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Joseph II, Banal na Emperador Romano (hindi pa naisusulat)">Joseph II, Banal na Emperador Romano</a> ng Austria (1780–1790) ay nagsanay ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Josephinismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Josephinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Josephinismo</a> sa pamamagitan ng pagkontrol sa buhay ng Simbahang Katoliko, mga paghirang at malawak na pagsunggab sa mga pag-aari ng Simbahang Katoliko.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Franzen_328-163">[162]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"> <h2 id="Mga_naka-impluwensiya_sa_Kristiyanismo">Mga naka-impluwensiya sa Kristiyanismo</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=19&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga naka-impluwensiya sa Kristiyanismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> Maraming mga skolar ay naniniwalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudaismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hudaismo">Hudaismo</a> ay naimpluwensiyahan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastrianismo">Zoroastrianismo</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-164">[163]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-165">[164]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-166">[165]</a> Ang Zoroastrianismo ay kalaunang nakaimpluwensiya sa Kristiyanismo at Islam dahil sa malakas na impluwensiya ng Hudaismo sa parehong relihiyong ito. Kabilang sa mga paniniwala ng relihiyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastrianismo">Zoroastrianismo</a> na matatagpuan rin sa Hudaismo o Kristiyanismo ang mga puripikasyon, mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saserdote?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saserdote">saserdote</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mito_ng_paglikha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mito ng paglikha">mito ng paglikha</a>, mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anghel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anghel">anghel</a>, mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonyo">demonyo</a>, paglitaw ng isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a> o Tagapagligtas na bubuhay muli ng mga namatay (resureksiyon) at hahatol sa wakas ng panahon, pagtalo sa masama ng mabuti, ang ideya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monoteismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monoteismo">monoteismo</a>, walang hanggang buhay at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Impluwensiya_sa_Hudaismo" title="Zoroastrianismo">marami pang iba</a>. Marami ring mga skolar ang naniniwala sa posibilidad na ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Budismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Budismo">Budismo</a> ay nakaimpluwensiya sa simulang pag-unlad ng Kristiyanismo. Ayon sa mga skolar, maraming pagkakatugma sa kapanganakan, buhay, mga doktrina at kamatayan nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Buddha?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddha">Buddha</a> (ipinanganak ca. 563 BCE) at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> (ipinanganak ca. 4 BCE) <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-167">[166]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-168">[167]</a> Noong ika-2 siglo CE, isinaad na at tinukoy ng Kristiyanong si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Justin_Martyr?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Justin Martyr">Justin Martyr</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_misteryong_relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga misteryong relihiyon">mga misteryong relihiyon</a> bilang "mga panggagaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demonyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Demonyo">demonyo</a>" sa relihiyong Kristiyanismo. Ikinatwiran ni Justin Martyr na umabot sa mga tenga ng diablo na hinulaan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Propesiya_ng_Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Propesiya ng Bibliya">propeta sa Lumang Tipan</a> ang pagdating ni Hesus, at inudyokan ang mga paganong manunulat (bago pa ang paglitaw ng Kristiyanismo) na magsulong ng mga tatawaging mga anak ni Hupiter upang ipaniwala sa mga tao na ang Kristo ay katulad ng mga anak ni Hupiter. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> "Nang aming sabihing si Hesu-Kristo ay nilikha nang walang pagsasamang seksuwal, ipinako at namatay at muling nabuhay at umakyat sa langit, wala kaming isinusulong na bago o iba mula sa pinaniniwalaan niyong tungkol sa mga ginagalang niyong mga anak na lalake ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hupiter_(diyos)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hupiter (diyos)">Hupiter</a>...Tungkol sa pagtutol na ipinako ang aming Hesus, aking sinasabi na ang pagdurusa ay karaniwan sa lahat ng mga binanggit na anak ni Hupiter...Tungkol sa kanyang pagkapanganak sa isang birhen, kayo ay mayroong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perseus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perseus">Perseus</a> upang balansihin ito...At nang isulong ng diablo si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Asclepius?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Asclepius">Asclepius</a> bilang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Resureksiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Resureksiyon">tagabuhay ng patay</a> at tagpagpagaling ng lahat ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Karamdaman?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Karamdaman">karamdaman</a>, hindi ko ba maaaring sabihin na gayundin sa bagay na ito ay kanyang ginaya ang mga hula tungkol kay Kristo?" </blockquote> Isinaad din ni Justin Martyr na "...ang mga demonyo ay humimok sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a> na pumapasok sa kanilang mga templo...na wisikan ang kanilang mga sarili ng tubig; sa karagdagan, sinanhi nila silang maghugas ng kanilang mga buong pagkatao." Isinulat ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Tertullian&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Tertullian (hindi pa naisusulat)">Tertullian</a> na "sa mga ritong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Appilinarinismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Appilinarinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Appolinariano</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Misteryong_Eleusiniano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Misteryong Eleusiniano">Eleusinian</a>, sila ay binabautismo at kanilang naiisip na ang resulta ng bautismong ito ay muling kapanganakan at pagpapatawad ng parusa ng kasalanan ..." Isinaad ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a> (46 CE – 120 CE) na "Nang si Antalcidas ay na-inisiyado tungo sa mga misteryo sa Samothrace, humiling ang pari sa kanya [na ikumpisal] ang lalong nakakatakot na bagay na kanyang nagawa sa kanyang buhay..." Mula ika-1 hanggang ika-4 na siglo CE, ang Kristiyanismo ay direktang nakipagtunggali sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_misteryong_Greko-Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga misteryong Greko-Romano">mga relihiyong misteryong</a> ito para sa mga tagasunod.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-KlauckMcNeil-169">[168]</a> Ayon kina Klauck a McNeil, " "ang doktrinang Kristiyano ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sakramento?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sakramento">sakramento</a> sa anyo na kilala natin ay hindi lumitaw nang walang ugnayan sa pagitan ng Kristiyanismo at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_misteryong_Greko-Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga misteryong Greko-Romano">Mga Misteryong Relihiyon</a>. Naunawaan rin ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristolohiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kristolohiya">Kristolohiya</a> kung paano itaas ang pagmamanang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mitikal&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mitikal (hindi pa naisusulat)">mitikal</a> na nagdadalisay nito at itinataas ito."<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-KlauckMcNeil-169">[168]</a>:152 Tulad ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a>, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mitraismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitraismo">Mitraismo</a> ay may pitong mga sakramento kabilang ang bautismo at komunyon ng tinapay na minarkahan ng krus at alak na isinasagawa ng mga tagasunod ni Mitra tuwing linggo. Ang komunyong ito ay tinawag na mizd o sa latin ay missa. Ayon kay Ulansey, ang pinakamaagang ebidensiya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Misteryong_Mitraiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Misteryong Mitraiko">Mga Misteryong Mitraiko</a> ay naglalagay ng kanilang paglitaw sa gitna ng unang siglo BCE. Ayon sa historyan ni si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Plutarch?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Plutarch">Plutarch</a>, noong 67 BCE, ang mga pirata ng Cilicia ay nagsasanay ng mga sikretong rito ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mitras&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mitras (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mitras</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-170">[169]</a> Ipinakita ni Ulansey na Ang isang inskripsiyon kay Mitras ay mababasang "Siya na hindi kakain ng aking katawan at iinom ng aking dugo upang siya ay sasaakin at ako ay sasakanya, ang pareho ay hindi makakaalam ng kaligtasan". Ayon sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%25206:53%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 6:53</a>, "Sinabi nga ni Hesus sa kanila: Katotohanan, katotohanang sinasabi ko sa inyo: Malibang kayo ay makakain ng laman ng Anak ng tao at makainom ng kaniyang dugo ay wala kayong buhay". Isinaad ni Justin Martyr tungkol sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Misteryong_Mitraiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Misteryong Mitraiko">Mga Misteryong Mitraiko</a> na mas naunang lumitaw sa Kristiyanismo na: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2106284"> <blockquote class="templatequote"> "Sapagkat ang mga apostol sa mga memoir na kanilang nilikha na tinatawag na mga ebanghelyo ay kaya inihatid sa atin kung ano ang inutos sa kanila; na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ay kumuha ng tinapay at nang makapagpasalamat ay nagsabing, "Gawin ninyo ito bilang pag-alaala sa akin at pagkatapos sa parehong paraan ay kinuha ang saro at nagpasalamat. Kanyang sinabi, Ito ang aking dugo at ibinigay lamang sa kanila. Na ginaya ng mga masasamang diablo sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Misteryong_Mitraiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Misteryong Mitraiko">mga misteryo ni Mitras</a> na nag-uutos sa kanila na gawin ang parehong bagay."<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-171">[170]</a> "At nang mga ang mga nagtala ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Misteryong_Mitraiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mga Misteryong Mitraiko">mga misteryo ni Mitras</a> ay nagsasabing siya ay ipinanganak sa isang bato at tumatawag sa lugar kung saan ang mga naniniwala sa kanya ay iniisiyado ay kweba, hindi ko ba natanto na ang pagbigkas ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ni_Daniel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ni Daniel">Daniel</a> na ang bato na walang mga kamay ay natibag sa isang dakilang bundok, ay ginaya nila at gayundin ay kanilang tinangkang gayahin ang buong mga salita ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ni_Isaias?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ni Isaias">Isaias</a>?"<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-172">[171]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-173">[172]</a> </blockquote> Sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zoroastrianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zoroastrianismo">Zoroastrianismo</a>, si Mitra ay isang kasapi ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">trinidad</a> ng mga [ahura], mga protektor ng asha/arta "katotohanan" o "kung ano ang tama". Si Mithras ay ipinanganak noong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Disyembre_25" title="Pasko">Disyembre 25</a> bilang supling ng Araw, itinuturing na isang dakilang manlalakbay na guro, may 12 mga alagad, nagsagawa ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Milagro?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Milagro">milagro</a>, tinawag na "ang mabuting pastol", "ang daan, ang katotohan at ang buhay", "tagapagligtas", "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a>", tinukoy ng parehong leon at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kordero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-disambig" title="Kordero">kordero</a>, inilibing sa isang libingan at pagkatapos ng 3 araw ay muling nabuhay. Ang salitang "misteryo (Griyeong mystirion) ay lumilitaw ng 22 beses sa singular at 5 beses sa plural sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> kabilang ang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Timothy%25203:9%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Timoteo 3:9,16</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DEphesians%25201:9%26version%3Dnrsv">Efeso 1:9,3:4,9,5:32,6:19</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DColossians%25201:26%26version%3Dnrsv">Colosas 1:26,4:3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Corinthians%25204:1%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Corinto 4:1,15:51</a>. Ayon kay David Ulansey, noong huli nang ika-2 siglo BCE, ang isang pangkat ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Stoiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Stoiko">Stoiko</a> sa siyudad ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tarso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tarso">Tarso</a> ay nagpasimula ng Mitraismo. Ayon sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D21:39">Mga Gawa</a>*, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a> ay nagmula sa Tarso. Bilang pag-ayon kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apostol_Pablo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apostol Pablo">Apostol Pablo</a>, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Clemente_ng_Alexandria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Clemente ng Alexandria">Clemente ng Alexandria</a> ay nag-anyaya sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pagano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pagano">pagano</a> na maging inisiyado sa mga misteryo ng Kristiyano. Isinulat ni Clemente na "At pagkatapos ay magkakaroon kay ng pangitain ng aking Diyos, at magiging inisiyado sa mga banal na misteryong iyon at malalasap ang mga kagalakan na itinago sa langit". Inilarawan rin ni Clemente ang Kristiyanismo bilang "ang mga sagradong misteryo". Ang ilang mga wika at mga imahen na matatagpuan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> ay hinango sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_misteryong_Greko-Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga misteryong Greko-Romano">Mga Misteryong relihiyon</a> na ito. Halimbawa ang butil na isang manipestasyon ng buhay rito na sumisimbolo sa buhay sa lahat at katulad ng makikita sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520Corinthians%252015:36%25E2%2580%259338%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Corinto 15:36–38</a> at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%252012:24%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 12:24</a>. Sa isang seremonyang inisiasyon ng mga misteryong Eleusiniano sa madilim na kwarto ng inisiasyon, ang pari ay lumilikha ng isang korona ng liwanag na may mga dila ng apoy sa palibot ng kanyang ulo. Una ay kanilang aahitin ang kanyang ulo at tatakpan ito ng protektibong unggwento. Pagkatapos ay kanilang ikakabit sa tuktok ng kanyang ulo ang isang pabilog na metal na isang lalagyan na may alkohol na aapuyan sa dilim at liliwanag sa isang maikling panahon. Ang korona ng apoy sa ulo ng pari ay tulad ng isang dila ng apoy. Ang imaheng ito ay hiniram sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D2:3">Mga Gawa</a>*. Ang pakikipag-isa o "pananahan" sa diyos na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionysus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> ay makikita sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D1%2520John%25204:15%26version%3Dnrsv">1 Juan 4:15</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DGalatians%25203:28%26version%3Dnrsv">Galacia 3:28</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3D2%2520Corinthians%25205:17%26version%3Dnrsv">2 Corinto 5:17</a>. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_misteryong_Greko-Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga misteryong Greko-Romano">Mga Misteryong Relihiyong</a> ito ay may sakramental na komunyon sa kanilang diyos na si Zagreus-Dionysus na nagdusa, namatay at muling nabuhay. Sa simbolikong pagkain ng katawan at pag-inom ng dugo, ang mga nagdiriwang ay nagiging sinasapian ni Dionysus at makikita sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DJohn%25206:54%25E2%2580%259356%26version%3Dnrsv">Juan 6:54–56</a>. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionysus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> ay isa sa maraming mga tagapagligtas na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos_na_namatay_at_nabuhay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Diyos na namatay at nabuhay">diyos na namatay at nabuhay</a>. Ang kanyang kaarawan ay ipinagdiriwang tuwing <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pasko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Disyembre_25" title="Pasko">Disyembre 25</a>. Siya ay sinamba sa buong Gitnang Silangan gayundin sa Gresya. Siya ay mayroong sentro ng pagsamba sa Herusalem noong ika-1 siglo BCE. Siya ang anak ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Zeus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Zeus">Zeus</a> na Diyos Ama at ang kanyang laman at dugo ay simbolikong kinakain ng kanyang mga tagasunod sa anyo ng tinapay at alak. Si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionysus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a> ay ipinanganak ng isang birhen, nagsagawa ng mga milagro gaya ng pagbabago ng tubig sa alak, may 12 alagad, tinawag na "Diyos na naging laman", "Tanging Bugtong na Anak" at "Tagapagligtas", ipinako sa krus at namatay bilang isang handog para sa mga kasalanan ng daigdig. Si Dionysus ay muling nabuhay pagkatapos ng 3 araw at umakyat sa langit.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-174">[173]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-175">[174]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-176">[175]</a> Ayon sa skolar na si Peter Wick, ang paggamit ng simbolismong alak sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Ebanghelyo ni Juan</a> kabilang ang kuwento ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasalan_sa_Cana?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasalan sa Cana">kasalan sa Cana</a> kung saan binago ni Hesus ang tubig sa alak ay nilayon upang ipakita ng Juan si Hesus ay mas superior kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dionysus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dionysus">Dionysus</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wick_2004_179%E2%80%93198-177">[176]</a> Ang pag-uusig sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Demi-diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Demi-diyos">demi-diyos</a> na si Dionysus sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ang_Bacchae?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ang Bacchae">Ang Bacchae</a> (405 BCE) ay makikita sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D26:14-15">Mga Gawa</a>* (bakit mo ako pinag-uusig? Mahirap sa iyo ang sumikad sa mga pangtaboy na patpat.). Sa Bacchae, isinaad ni Dionysus sa kanyang taga-usig na si Pentheus: "Binalewala mo ang mga salita ng aking babala...at sumikad sa mga pangtaboy na patpat." Madaling makita na pinaghiraman ng Gawa ang Bacchae dahil sa pagpapanatili ng anyong plural ng kentra sa Gawa 26:14 samantalang pagpapanatili ng metro ng Bacchae na tila wala sa lugar sa Gawa. Ang <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search%3DMga%2B%26version%3D16:26">Mga Gawa</a>* ay hinango rin sa Bacchae kung saan ang mga gapos ng mga inusig na tagasunod ni Dionysus ay nakalas at ang mga pinto ay nabuksan nang hindi hinawakan ng kamay ng tao. Inihambing rin ng ilang mga skolar ang senaryo sa Bacchae kung saan si Dionysus ay humarap at tinanong ni Pentheus sa kaso ng pag-aangkin ng pagiging diyos sa pagharap ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Poncio_Pilato?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Poncio Pilato">Poncio Pilato</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Wick_2004_179%E2%80%93198-177">[176]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Powell-178">[177]</a> Inilalarawan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dead_Sea_Scrolls?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Dead Sea Scrolls">Dead Sea Scrolls</a> tungkol sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mga_Essene?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mga Essene">Mga Essene</a> ang isang sagradong pagkain ng tinapay at alak sa isang hapunan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paskuwa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paskuwa">Paskuwa</a> na inihanda ng walang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lebadura?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Lebadura">lebadurang</a> tinapay na kakainin sa mga pagwawakas ng mundo kasama ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a>. Ang mga Essene tulad ng mga Kristiyano ay isang pamayanang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Komunismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Komunismo">Komunismo</a> at ang lahat ng kasapi ng pamayanang Essene ay dapat ipamigay ang lahat ng kanilang ari-arian. Ayon sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Ebanghelyo ni Lucas</a> 1:31-35, "At ikaw ay maglilihi sa iyong sinapupunan at magkakaanak ng isang anak na lalake at tatawagin siyang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a>. Siya ay magiging dakila at tatawaging anak ng lalake ng Kataas-taasan...ang Anak ng Diyos". Ang halos parehong pangungusap ay matatagpuan sa Dead Sea Scrolls, "Siyay tatawaging dakila at siya ay tatawaging Anak ng Diyos at tatawagin nila siyang Anak na Kataas-taasan." (DDS, 4Q 246) Ang parehong mga Essene at mga Kristiyano ay dualistiko na naniwala sa isang mundo na may labanan ng mga puwersa ng kabutihan at kasamaan liwanag at kadiliman. Sa mga Iskrolyo ng Dagat na Patay, "Ang lahat ng mga anak ng katwiran ay pinamumunuan ng Prinsipe ng Liwanag ngunit ang mga anak ng kasinungalingan ay pinamumunuan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anghel?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anghel">Anghel</a> ng Kadiliman at lumalakad sa mga landas ng kadiliman". (Rule of the Community, 3) Kahit ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sermon_sa_Bundok?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Sermon sa Bundok">Sermon sa Bundok</a> sa Mateo 5:3-12 at sa Lucas 6:20-23 ay may pagkakatulad sa mga nakasulat sa Iskrolyo ng Dagat na Patay.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-179">[178]</a> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"> <h2 id="Mga_Paniniwala_ng_iba't_ibang_sektang_Kristiyano">Mga Paniniwala ng iba't ibang sektang Kristiyano</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=20&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Paniniwala ng iba't ibang sektang Kristiyano" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Thebible33.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Thebible33.jpg/200px-Thebible33.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="150" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="960"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 200px;height: 150px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Thebible33.jpg/200px-Thebible33.jpg" data-width="200" data-height="150" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Thebible33.jpg/300px-Thebible33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Thebible33.jpg/400px-Thebible33.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Mga halimbawa ng mga relihiyosong bagay sa sekta ng Kristiyanismo na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano_Katolisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katolisismo">Romano Katolisismo</a>: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Crucifix?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Crucifix">krusipiho</a>, at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Rosaryo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Rosaryo">rosaryo</a>. Ang mga bagay na ito ay kinokondena ng mga protestante at iba pang sekta. </figcaption> </figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pagkakatulad">Pagkakatulad</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=21&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagkakatulad" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Sa halos lahat ng sektang kristiyano, ang sentral na karakter ng relihiyong ito na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> ay pinaniniwalaang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a> at tagapagligtas. Bukod dito, ang iba ibang sekta ng Kristiyanismo ay naniniwalang ang kanilang sekta ang tanging totoo at nag-ingat ng tunay na aral ni Hesus samantalang ang ibang sektang Kristiyano ay nalihis sa tamang doktrina. Halimbawa, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano_Katolisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katolisismo">Romano Katolisismo</a> ay naniniwala na ito ang tunay na iglesia batay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Paghaliling_apostoliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Paghaliling apostoliko">paghaliling apostoliko</a> (apostolic succession). Ang paghaliling apostoliko ay inaangkin rin ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a> at iba pang mga sekta. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Restorasyonismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Restorasyonismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">restorasyonismo</a> sa kabilang dako ay naniniwalang ang Romano Katoliko ay isang nalihis na Kristiyanismo at ang mga sektang restorasiyonismo ay naniniwalang sila ang nagpanumbalik ng tunay na aral at iglesiang itinatag ni Hesus. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Mga_Pagkakaiba">Mga Pagkakaiba</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=22&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga Pagkakaiba" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Ang pagkakaiba sa doktrina ng iba't ibang mga sekta ng Kristiyano ay umuukol sa "tunay" na kalikasan ni Hesus gayundin kung ano ang mga kataruan nito at kung ano pamamaraan ng pagsamba dito. Kabilang din sa pagkakaiba sa doktrina ng iba't ibang sektang Kristiyano ang ukol sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Free_will&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Free will (hindi pa naisusulat)">free will</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Sabbath?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Sabbath">sabbath</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impyerno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Impyerno">impyerno</a>, paggamit ng mga ikono, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikapu?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ikapu">pag-iikapu</a>, interpretasyon ng mga talata, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Moralidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Moralidad">moralidad</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Predestinasyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Predestinasyon">predestinasyon</a>, at iba pa. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Mga_iba't_ibang_doktrina">Mga iba't ibang doktrina</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=23&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga iba't ibang doktrina" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalikasan_ng_diyos">Kalikasan ng diyos</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=24&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ng diyos" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/150px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="135" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="520" data-file-height="468"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 150px;height: 135px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/150px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png" data-width="150" data-height="135" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/225px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg/300px-Shield-Trinity-Scutum-Fidei-English.svg.png 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianismo">Trinitarianismo</a>: Ang trinitarianismo ang paniniwala sa isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na may tatlong persona. Ang tatlong personang ama, anak at espirito santo ay natatangi ngunit kapwa umiiral sa pagkakaisa at magkakatumbas na substansiya (ὁμοούσιοι). Ang mga sektang naniniwala sa doktrina ng Trinitarianismo ay kinabibilangan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Protestantismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Protestantismo">Protestantismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Anglikanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Anglikanismo">Anglikanismo</a> at marami pang iba. Taliwas sa paniniwala ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a>, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso</a> ay naniniwala sa monarkiya ng Ama na nagsasaad na ang Anak at Banal na Espirito ay hinango mula sa Ama at ang Ama ang natatanging walang pinagmulan o sanhi. Ayon sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a>, ang Ama ay walang hanggan at hindi nalikhang realidad. Si Kristo at Banal na Espirito ay walang hanggan rin at hindi nalikha sa dahilang ang kanilang pinagmulan ay hindi sa ousia ng Diyos kundi sa hypostasis ng Diyos na tinatawag na Ama. Ayon sa Katekismo ng Silangang Ortodosko, ang pananaw na ito ay minsang maling nauunawaan ng mga Kristiyano ng Simbahang Kanluranin na isang subordinasyonismo ngunit ito ay hindi tamang mailalapat sa katuruan ng Silangang Ortodokso dahil masasabing ang Ama ay nakasalalay sa Anak upang matawag na Ama. Sa Romano Katoliko, ang Banal na Espirito ay nagmula nang pantay mula sa parehong Ama at Anak.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindi-Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi-Trinitarianismo">Hindi-Trinitarianismo</a>: Ang mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na tumatakwil sa konsepto ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianismo">Trinitarianismo</a>. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subordinasyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subordinasyonismo">Subordinasyonismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modalismo">Modalismo</a> at sa modernong panahong ay mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Saksi_ni_Jehovah?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Saksi ni Jehovah">Saksi ni Jehovah</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Oneness_Pentecostalism&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Oneness Pentecostalism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Oneness Pentecostalism</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Unitarianismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Unitarianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Unitarianismo</a> at marami pang iba.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalikasan_ni_Hesus">Kalikasan ni Hesus</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=25&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ni Hesus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Subordinasyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Subordinasyonismo">Subordinasyonismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay mas mababa sa Ama sa kalikasan. Ayon sa mga skolar, ito ang doktrinang tinatanggap ng maraming mga teologong Kristiyano bago ang pagkakabuo ng doktrinang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> noong ika-4 siglo. Ang subordinasyonismong ontolohikal ay natatangi mula sa subordinasyong ekonomiko o subordinasyong relasyonal na tinatanggap ng ilang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinitariano</a>. Sa subordinasyonismo o subordinasyong ontolohikal, ang Anak at Ama ay hindi lamang hindi magkatumbas sa opisina kundi pati sa kanilang kalikasan. Sa subordinasyong ekonomiko, ang subordinasyon ng Anak ay nauukol lamang sa paraan ng subsistensiya at operasyon ngunit hindi sa kalikasan. Ang tagapagtaguyod ng doktrinang subordinasyonismo na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Origen?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Origen">Origen</a> ay nagturo na si Hesus ay isang ikalawang Diyos at may ibang substansiya sa Ama.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arianismo">Arianismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay hindi diyos at nilikha lamang ng diyos. Ang tunay na diyos lamang ang ama at sa pamamagitan ng anak ay nilikha ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Banal_na_espiritu&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Banal na espiritu (hindi pa naisusulat)">banal na espiritu</a> na nagpapasakop sa anak kung paanong ang anak ay nagpapasakop sa ama.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianismo">Trinitarianismo</a>: Ang paniniwala na nabuo noong ika-4 siglo<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-180">[179]</a> na si Hesus ang isa sa tatlong mga persona ng isang Diyos. Ang Diyos Ama, Diyos Anak (Hesus) at Diyos Espirito Santo ay mga personang natatangi sa bawat isa ngunit may iisang "substansiya, esensiya o kalikasan". Ito ay nabuo noong mga ika-4 na siglo bilang reaksiyon sa subordinasyonismo at Arianismo. Taliwas sa paniniwala ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Katoliko_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Katoliko Romano">Simbahang Katoliko Romano</a>, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Simbahang_Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso">Simbahang Silangang Ortodokso</a> ay naniniwala sa monarkiya ng Ama na nagsasaad na ang Anak at Banal na Espirito ay hinango mula sa Ama at ang Ama ang natatanging walang pinagmulan o sanhi. Ayon sa Silangang Ortodokso, ang Ama ay walang hanggan at hindi nalikhang realidad. Si Kristo at Banal na Espirito ay walang hanggan rin at hindi nalikha sa dahilang ang kanilang pinagmulan ay hindi sa ousia ng Diyos kundi sa hypostasis ng Diyos na tinatawag na Ama. Sa Romano Katoliko, ang Banal na Espirito ay nagmula nang pantay mula sa parehong Ama at Anak.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Modalismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Modalismo">Modalismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang salungat sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinidad?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinidad">Trinidad</a> na ang Ama, Anak at Banal na Espirito ay mga iba ibang aspeto ng isang monadikong Diyos sa halip na tatlong mga natatanging persona sa isang PagkaDiyos.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adopsiyonismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Adopsiyonismo">Adopsiyonismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay naging "anak ng diyos" sa pamamagitan ng pag-aampon sa kanyang bautismo.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Psilantropismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Psilantropismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Psilantropismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay isa lamang tao at ang literal na anak ng mga taong magulang.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Socinianismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Socinianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Socinianismo</a>: Itinuro ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Photinus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Photinus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Photinus</a> na si Hesus bagaman perpekto at walang kasalanan at isang mesiyas ay isa lamang perpektong Anak ng Diyos at walang pag-iral bago ang kanyang kapanganakan.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a>: Si Kristo ay isang makalangit na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Aeon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Aeon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Aeon</a> ngunit hindi kaisa ng Ama.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Chalcedoniano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Chalcedoniano">Chalcedoniano</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay may dalawang kalikasan: isang tao at isang diyos pagkatapos ng kanyang pagkakatawang tao.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Eutychianismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Eutychianismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eutychianismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang kalikasang pagkatao at pagkadiyos ni Hesus ay pinagsama sa isang (mono) kalikasan. Ang kanyang pagkatao ay "natunaw gaya ng patak ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pulot?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pulot">pulot</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dagat?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dagat">dagat</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Miapisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Miapisismo">Miapisismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang pagkaDiyos at pagkatao ni Kristo ay nagkakaisa sa isang kalikasan.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Monopisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Monopisismo">Monopisismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay may isa lamang kalikasan. Ang kanyang pagkatao ay sinisipsip ng kanyang pagka-diyos.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Apollinarismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Apollinarismo">Apollinarismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay may katawang tao at may taong "buhay na prinsipyo" ngunit ang diyos na logos ay pumalit sa nous o "nag-iisip na prinsipyo", na maikukumpara ngunit hindi katulad ng tinatawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Isip?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Isip">isip</a> sa kasalukuyang panahon.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monothelitismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monothelitismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Monothelitismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ay may dalawang kalikasan sa isang persona ngunit siya ay may kaloobang (will) pagkadiyos ngunit walang kaloobang pangtao.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Docetismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Docetismo">Docetismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang pisikal na katawan ni Hesus ay isa lamang ilusyon gayundin ang kanyang krusipiksiyon. Samakatuwid, si Hesus ay para lamang may pisikal na katawan at parang pisikal na namatay ngunit sa realidad, si Hesus ay walang katawan, isang purong espiritu kaya hindi maaaring mamamatay ng pisikal.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Mandaeismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Mandaeismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Mandaeismo</a>: Sila ay naniniwala na si Hesus ay isang "bulaang propeta" na nagliko ng mga katuruang ipinagkatiwala sa kanya ni Juan Bautista.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Marcionismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Marcionismo">Marcionismo</a>: Sila ay naniniwala na ang Kristo ay hindi ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">mesiyas</a> ng Hudaismo ngunit isang entidad na espiritwal na ipinadala ng Monad upang ihayag ang katotohanan tungkol sa pag-iral at kaya ay pumapayag sa sangkatauhan na makatakas sa bitag na pangmundo ng demiurge.</li> <li>Mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebionita">Ebionita</a>: Kanilang itinakwil ang pre-eksistensiya ni Hesus, kanyang pagkaDiyos, kanyang birheng kapanganakan, pagtitikang kamatayan at pisikal na pagkabuhay muli sa kamatayan. Sila ay naniwalang si Hesus ay isang biolohikal na anak nina Maria at Jose at pinili ng Diyos na maging propetang mesiyaniko nang siya ay pahiran ng Banal na Espirito sa kanyang bautismo. Sila ay tumatanggap lamang sa isang ebanghelyo na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ng_mga_Ebionita?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ng mga Ebionita">Ebanghelyo ng mga Ebionita</a> bilang karagdagan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanakh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a> (Hebreong Lumang Tipan) at nagturo na ang mga Hudyo at Hentil ay dapat sumunod sa mga kautusan ni Moises.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pablo_ng_Samosta&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pablo ng Samosta (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pablo ng Samosta</a>: Kanyang itinuro na si Hesus say isa lamang tao na nilagyan ng Diyos na Logos. Dahil dito, si Hesus ay hindi isang Diyos na naging tao kundi Tao na naging Diyos.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Kalikasan_ng_Espirito_Santo">Kalikasan ng Espirito Santo</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=26&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ng Espirito Santo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Trinitarianismo">Trinitarianismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang si Hesus ang isa sa tatlong mga persona ng isang Diyos. Ang Diyos Ama, Diyos Anak (Hesus) at Diyos Espirito Santo ay mga personang natatangi sa bawat isa ngunit may iisang "substansiya, esensiya o kalikasan".</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hindi-Trinitarianismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hindi-Trinitarianismo">Hindi-Trinitarianismo</a>: Ang Banal na Espirito ay hindi isang persona o hindi diyos at sa ilang mga sektang Kristiyano ay isa lamang pwersa ng diyos.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kalikasan_ni_Maria">Kalikasan ni Maria</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=27&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kalikasan ni Maria" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>Ayon sa ibang sektang Kristiyano, si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mahal_na_Birheng_Maria?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Mahal na Birheng Maria">Maria</a> ay isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ina_ng_Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ina ng Diyos">Theotokos</a> (ina ng diyos) at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Birhen_ng_Mediatrix_ng_lahat_ng_Grasya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Birhen ng Mediatrix ng lahat ng Grasya">tagapamagitan</a>.</li> <li>Ayon sa ibang sektang Kristiano, si Maria ay hindi ina ng diyos at hindi tagapamagitan.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Anyo_ng_pagsamba">Anyo ng pagsamba</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=28&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Anyo ng pagsamba" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>Sa ibang sektang Kristiyanismo gaya ng born again, ang pagsamba ay sa pamamagitan ng paggamit ng maiingay na musika, pagpapalakpak, at pagsayaw.</li> <li>Sa ibang sektang Krisityanismo gaya ng Romano Katoliko, Eastern Orthodox at iba, ang pagsamba ay taimtim (solemn) at tahimik.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Paggamit_ng_deuterokanoniko">Paggamit ng deuterokanoniko</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=29&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paggamit ng deuterokanoniko" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>Ang mga sekta na naniniwalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">deuterokanoniko</a> ay kinasihan ng diyos ay kinabibilangan ng Romano Katoliko, Eastern Orthodox, Syriac at marami pang iba.</li> <li>Ang mga sekta na tutol sa paggamit ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Deuterokanoniko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Deuterokanoniko">deuterokanoniko</a> ay kinabibilangan ng mga protestante at mga sektang nagmula dito.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Pinagkukunan_ng_doktrina">Pinagkukunan ng doktrina</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=30&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pinagkukunan ng doktrina" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>May mga sektang naniniwala na ang tanging <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> "lamang" ang dapat pagkunan ng mga doktrina. Ang paniniwalang ito ay tinatawag na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sola_Scriptura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sola Scriptura (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sola Scriptura</a>. Ang mga sektang naniniwala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Sola_Scriptura&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Sola Scriptura (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sola Scriptura</a> ay kinabibilangang ng Baptist, Wesleyan at marami pang iba.</li> <li>May mga sektang naniniwala na bukod sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a>, may iba pang mapagkukunan ng mga doktrina. Halimbawa, sa Romano Katolisismo at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Silangang_Ortodokso?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Silangang Ortodokso">Silangang Ortodokso</a>, bukod sa Bibliya, ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ama_ng_simbahan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ama ng simbahan">ama ng simbahan</a> (church fathers), mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">papa</a> (pope), mga obispo, at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Unang_Pitong_Konsehong_Ekumenikal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal">Unang Pitong Konsehong Ekumenikal</a> at iba pa ang mapagkukunan ng mga aral.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Paggamit_ng_ikono">Paggamit ng ikono</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=31&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Paggamit ng ikono" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Talaksan:Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-file-description"> <noscript> <img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg/220px-Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="280" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="1482" data-file-height="1886"> </noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 280px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg/220px-Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="280" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg/330px-Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b5/Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg/440px-Triumph_orthodoxy.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a> <figcaption> Isang ikono na nilikha noong huli ng ika-14 hanggang ika-15 siglo CE na nagpapakita ng "Pagwawagi ng Ortodoksiya" sa ilalim ng empress na Byzantine na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Theodora?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Theodora">Theodora</a> laban sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikonoklasmo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikonoklasmo">ikonoklasmo</a> (pagwasak ng mga idolo at ikono) noong 843 CE. </figcaption> </figure> <ul> <li>Ang mga naniniwala sa paggamit ng ikono ay kinabibilangan ng Romano Katoliko at Orthodox church.</li> <li>Ang mga tutol sa paggamit ng ikono ay kinabibilangan ng mga protestante at mga sektang nagmula dito.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Impiyerno">Impiyerno</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=32&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Impiyerno" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>May mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na naniniwalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Impyerno?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Impyerno">impyerno</a> ay isang lugar ng walang hanggang kaparusahan at pagdurusa sa mga masasama samantalang ang mga maliligtas ay mabubuhay ng walang hanggan. Kabilang sa mga naniniwala dito ang Romano Katolika, Protestante at marami pang iba.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anihilasyonismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anihilasyonismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anihilasyonismo</a>: Mga mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na naniniwalang walang impyerno na magpaparusa ng walang hanggan sa masasama kundi ang makakamit ng mga ito ay isang anihilasyon (pagkawasak). Ang mga maliligtas lang ang bubuhaying muli at mabubuhay ng walang hanggan: Kabilang sa sektang naniniwala sa doktrinang ito ang: Jehovah's Witness, Seventh-day Adventists, Bible Students, Christadelphians at iba pa.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Christian_Universalism&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Christian Universalism (hindi pa naisusulat)">Christian Universalism</a>: May mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na naniniwalang ang lahat ng tao ay kalaunang maliligtas.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Predestinasyon">Predestinasyon</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=33&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Predestinasyon" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Calvinismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Calvinismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Calvinismo</a>: Paniniwalang ang lahat ng pangyayari ay itinakda na ng diyos. Ayon kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/John_Calvin?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="John Calvin">John Calvin</a>, bago pa nilikha ang mundo, itinakda na ng diyos na ang ibang tao ay mapahamak sa walang hanggan at ang ibang tao na maligtas.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Arminiasmo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Arminiasmo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Arminiasmo</a>: Paniniwalang hinirang ng diyos ang mga tao ayon sa kanilang kalooban. Ang pagkakahirang ay nakabatay sa pagtugon ng tao sa diyos.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Interpretasyon_ng_Eskatolohiya">Interpretasyon ng Eskatolohiya</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=34&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Interpretasyon ng Eskatolohiya" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Preterismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Preterismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Preterismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang mga pangyayari sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> ay tumutukoy sa mga pangyayaring naganap noong unang siglo CE. Ayon sa paniniwalang ito, ang anti-kristo ay tumutukoy kay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Emperador?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Emperador">emperador</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nero?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Nero">Nero</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyo Romano">Imperyo Romano</a>. Bukod sa mga sektang tumatanggap sa paniniwalang ito, ang interpretasyon ding ito ang tinatanggap ng karamihan ng mga skolar ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a>.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Historisismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Historisismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Historisismo</a>; Ang paniniwalang ang ilan sa mga pangyayari sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> ay naganap at ang ilan ay nagaganap sa kasalukuyang panahon. Ayon sa paniniwalang ito, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anti-kristo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anti-kristo (hindi pa naisusulat)">anti-kristo</a> ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Papa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Papa">papa</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Romano_Katoliko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Romano Katoliko">Romano Katoliko</a>. Kanila ding ginagamit ang titulong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Vicarius_Filii_Dei?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Vicarius Filii Dei">Vicarius Filii Dei</a> upang patunayang ang papa ang 666. Ang mga sektang Kristiyanong may ganitong paniniwala ay kinabibilangan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Adventista&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Adventista (hindi pa naisusulat)">adventista</a> at mga sektang nagmula dito.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Futurismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Futurismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Futurismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang mga pangyayari sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> ay mangyayari sa hinaharap. Ayon sa paniniwalang ito, ang anti-kristo ay lilitaw pagkatapos itayo ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ikatlong_Templo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ikatlong Templo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Ikatlong Templo</a> sa Jerusalem at makikipagkasundo sa bansang Israel sa 7 taon ngunit kanyang lalabagin ang kasunduan sa loob ng 3 1/2 taon at papasok sa itinayong templo sa Jerusalem at idedeklara ang kanyang sarili na diyos.</li> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Idealismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Idealismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Idealismo</a>: Ang paniniwalang ang mga pangyayari sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> ay simboliko.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Pagbabalik_ni_Hesus">Pagbabalik ni Hesus</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=35&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pagbabalik ni Hesus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Tingnan din: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ikalawang_pagbabalik?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ikalawang pagbabalik">Ikalawang pagbabalik</a> </div> <ul> <li>Ayon sa mga naniniwala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Preterismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Preterismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Preterismo</a>, ang pagbabalik muli ni Hesus ay naganap noong unang siglo CE.</li> <li>Ayon sa mga naniniwala sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Historisismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Historisismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Historisismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Futurismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Futurismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">Futurismo</a>, ang pagbabalik ni Hesus ay mangyayari sa hinaharap.</li> <li>Millenium: May mga iba't ibang opinyon at interpretasyon ang mga iba't ibang sekta ng Kristiyanismo ng interpretasyong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Futurismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Futurismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">futurismo</a> at dispensasyonalismo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> tungkol sa isang libong taon ng kapayapaan (millenium) na inilalarawan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Aklat_ng_Pahayag?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Aklat ng Pahayag">Aklat ng Pahayag</a> 21. Ang ilan sa mga karaniwanng interpretasyon nito ay <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Premillennialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Premillennialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">premillennialismo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Postmillennialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Postmillennialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">postmillennialismo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amillennialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Amillennialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">amillennialismo</a>. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Premillenialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Premillenialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">premillenialismo</a> ay naniniwalang ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Ikalawang_pagbabalik_ni_Hesus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Ikalawang pagbabalik ni Hesus (hindi pa naisusulat)">ikalawang pagbabalik ni Hesus</a> ay maglulunsad ng isang literal na 1000 kaharian sa mundo. Ang pagbabalik ni Hesus ay kasabay ng tribulasyon. Sa panahong ito, may mangyayaring <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Muling_pagkabuhay?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Muling pagkabuhay">muling pagkabuhay</a> ng mga namatay at isang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Rapture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Rapture (hindi pa naisusulat)">rapture</a> ng mga nabubuhay pang mga kristiyano. Ang 1000 taon ng kapayapaan ay susunod kung saan si Hesus ay maghahari at si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Satanas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Satanas">Satanas</a> ay ibibilanggo. Ang mga interpretasyon sa pananaw na ito ay nahuhulog pa sa tatlo pang mga kategorya: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pretribulation_rapture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pretribulation rapture (hindi pa naisusulat)">pretribulation rapture</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Midtribulation_rapture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Midtribulation rapture (hindi pa naisusulat)">midtribulation rapture</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Posttribulation_rapture&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Posttribulation rapture (hindi pa naisusulat)">posttribulation rapture</a>. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Postmillennialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Postmillennialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">postmillennialismo</a> ay hindi naniniwala sa isang premillenial na paglitaw ni Hesus. Ayon sa interpretasyong ito, ang millenium ay nagsimula sa inaugurasyon ng paghahari ng kaharian ni Hesus nang siya ay umakyat sa trono ng kalangitan at hindi bilang resulta ng pagbabalik ni Hesus ngunit dahil sa pagkaakay ng mga tao sa kristiyanismo. Ayon sa interpretasyong ito, ang panahon ng kapayapaan ay isa pa ring nagpapatuloy na gawa ng biyaya ng diyos ngunit walang makikitang presensiya ni Kristo na magiging pinuno ng mundo. Ayon din sa interpretasyong ito, si Hesus ay lilitaw sa huli ng millenium upang pangunahan ang mga tao sa bagong Herusalem. Ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Amillennialismo&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Amillennialismo (hindi pa naisusulat)">amillennialismo</a> ay hindi naniniwala sa isang literal na millenium. Ayon sa interpretasyong ito, ang 1000 taon ay isang ekspresyon na tumutukoy sa kabuuang panahon ng unang pagdating ni Hesus mga 2000 taon ang nakalilipas hanggang sa ikalawang pagbabalik ni Hesus.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Ordinasyon_ng_babae">Ordinasyon ng babae</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=36&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Ordinasyon ng babae" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>May mga sekta ng Kristiyano na pumapayag sa pag-oordina ng babae sa isang posisyon sa Iglesia gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obispo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obispo">obispo</a> o <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pastor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastor">pastor</a>. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng United Methodist Church, Progressive National Baptist Convention, Mennonite Church Canada at marami pang iba.</li> <li>May mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na tutol sa pag-oordina ng babae sa isang posisyon sa Iglesia gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Obispo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Obispo">obispo</a> o <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pastor?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pastor">pastor</a>. Ito ay kinabibilangan ng Presbyterian Church in America, Seventh-day Adventist Church, Independent Evangelical-Lutheran Church, Romano Katoliko, Orthodox church at marami pang iba.</li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading5"> <h5 id="Kasaganaan">Kasaganaan</h5> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=37&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kasaganaan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <ul> <li>May mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na naniniwalaang ang nais ng diyos sa mga Kristiyano ay maging masagana at mayaman (o prosperity gospel). Ito ay kinabibilangan ng mga karismatiko, El Shaddai (Velarde), Born Again at marami pang iba pa.</li> <li>May mga sekta ng Kristiyanismo na naniniwalang ang nais ng diyos sa mga Kristiyanismo ay isang simpleng pamumuhay at pinagbabawalan ng diyos ang mga Kristiyano na magtipon ng mga kayamanan sa lupa gaya ng mababasa sa Mateo 6:19, Mateo 19:16-22 at iba pa. Ang mga sektang ito ay kinabibilangan ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Monastiko&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Monastiko (hindi pa naisusulat)">monastikong</a> kristiyano gaya ng ilang order ng Romano Katoliko at Eastern Orthodox Church.</li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"> <h2 id="Kritisismo_ng_Krisitiyanismo">Kritisismo ng Krisitiyanismo</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=38&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Kritisismo ng Krisitiyanismo" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> </div> Ang kritisismo ng Kristiyanismo ay nagsimula pa noong sinaunang panahon. Ang mga sinaunang kritiko ng Bagong Tipan ay kinabibilangan ng mga Griyegong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pilosopo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Pilosopo">pilosopo</a> na sina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Celsus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Celsus">Celsus</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Porphyry&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Porphyry (hindi pa naisusulat)">Porphyry</a>. Sa modernong panahon, ang kritisismo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> at Kristiyanismo ay sumidhi pagdating ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panahon_ng_Kaliwanagan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panahon ng Kaliwanagan">Panahon ng Kaliwanagan</a> (Age of Enlightenment) noong ika 18 siglo CE at pagsulong ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Historikal_na_kritisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Historikal na kritisismo">historikal na kritisismo</a> o pagsusuri sa pinagmulan ng Bibliya.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-Handbook,_78-181">[180]</a> Ang pagsulong din ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agham">agham</a> gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Teoriya_ng_ebolusyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Teoriya ng ebolusyon">teoriya ng ebolusyon</a> ay lalong nagbigay duda sa pagiging totoo ng Bibliya. Ayon sa mga kritiko, ang Bibliya ay hindi salita ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> dahil ito ay naglalaman ng mga paniniwalang sinasalungat ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Arkeolohiya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Arkeolohiya">arkeolohiya</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agham">agham</a>, at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kasaysayan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kasaysayan">kasaysayan</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-msbnc-182">[181]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-finkelstein-183">[182]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-nyt-184">[183]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-185">[184]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"> <h4 id="Tagagpagtatag_ng_Kristiyanismo_na_si_Hesus">Tagagpagtatag ng Kristiyanismo na si Hesus</h4> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=39&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tagagpagtatag ng Kristiyanismo na si Hesus" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Mga pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Mesiyas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Mesiyas">Mesiyas</a> </div> Walang arkeolohikal na ebidensiya na nagpapatunay na umiral si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> sa mundo. Ang tanging "pinagkunang biograpiya" ni Hesus at tinatanggap ng mga Kristiyano na "tamang" salaysay ng buhay ni Hesus ay mula lamang sa apat <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanonikal</a> na Ebanghelyo ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Marcos</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Juan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Juan">Juan</a>. Ang ibang mga ebanghelyo gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Tomas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Tomas">Ebanghelyo ni Tomas</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Judas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebanghelyo ni Judas">Ebanghelyo ni Judas</a> at iba pa na hindi nakapasok sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kanon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Kanon">kanon</a> ng katoliko ay naglalaman ng mga detalye na iba sa mga nakasulat sa apat ng ebanghelyo. Halimbawa, ayon sa aklat na Second Treatise of the Great Seth na natagpuan sa Nag hammadi noong 1945, si Hesus ay hindi ipinako sa krus kundi si Simon na Cireneo ay napagkamalang si Hesus at siyang ipinako sa krus. Inilalarawan din sa aklat na ito na si Hesus ay nakatayo sa malapit at "tumatawa sa kanilang kamangmangan". Ayon din sa aklat na ito, ang mga naniniwalang si Hesus ay namatay sa krus ay naniniwala sa "doktrina ng patay na tao".<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-186">[185]</a> Ang mga aklat na ito ay pinasunog ng sektang proto-ortodox noong ika apat na siglo CE nang ang proto-ortodox ay gawing opisyal na relihiyon ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Imperyo_Romano?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Imperyo Romano">Imperyo Romano</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-gnostic-187">[186]</a> Ang mga natira at naitagong manuskrito ay natagpuan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Nag_hammadi&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Nag hammadi (hindi pa naisusulat)">Nag hammadi</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ehipto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a> noong 1945. Bukod dito ang mga tagasunod ng ibang sekta ng Kristyanismo gaya ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gnostisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gnostisismo">Gnostisismo</a> ay pinag-usig at pinapatay rin ng sektang proto-ortodox.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-188">[187]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-189">[188]</a> Ang apat na kanonikal na ebanghelyo na Mateo, Marcos, Lucas at Juan ay hindi maituturing na mga "walang kinikilingang" (hindi biased) mga salaysay ng buhay ni Hesus dahil ang layunin ng mga aklat na ito ay mang-akay sa relihiyong Kristiyanismo (Juan 20:30). Bukod dito, ang mga salaysay na may "pagmimilagro" at mga ekstradordinaryong mga salaysay gaya ng pagkabuhay ng mga patay at pag-ahon nito sa mga libingan (Mateo 27:51-53) ay hindi itinuturing ng mga historyan na kapani-paniwala. Ang mga ibang skolar ay nagsasabing ang mga apat na kanonikal na ebanghelyo ay hindi isinulat ng mga "saksi" (eyewitness) dahil ang mga ito ay naglalaman ng mga maling heograpiya ng Palestina (o Israel) gayundin ng mga maling paglalarawan ng mga kustombre ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hudyo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Hudyo">Hudyo</a> noong unang siglo CE. Bukod dito, sinasabi din ng mga skolar na ang mga kanonikal na ebanghelyo na Mateo, Marcos, Lucas Juan ay naglalaman ng mga magkakasalungat na mga salaysay.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-190">[189]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ji-191">[190]</a> Ayon din sa mga iskolar, ang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Mateo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Mateo">Mateo</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Lucas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Lucas">Lucas</a> ay kumopya lamang sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebanghelyo_ni_Marcos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebanghelyo ni Marcos">Marcos</a> at sa isang hindi na umiiral na dokumentong tinatawag na "<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Dokumentong_Q?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Dokumentong Q">Dokumentong Q</a>". Walang kontemporaryong (nabuhay noong panahon ni Hesus o nakasaksing pagano kay Hesus) salaysay mula sa mga "hindi" Kristiyanong may-akda ang umiiral. Ang mga "paganong" salaysay sa buhay ni Hesus ay isinulat pagkatapos ng ilang mga dekada pagkatapos ng sinasabing "kamatayan ni Hesus" (ca. 30–33 CE). Halimbawa, ang Hudyong historyan na si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josephus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> ay sumulat ng ilang linya tungkol kay Hesus ngunit si <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josephus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> ay hindi kakontemporaryo ni Hesus at maaaaring narinig (hearsay) lamang ni Josephus ang mga salaysay na ito dahil hindi niya ito "mismo" nasaksikhan. Dahil dito, may mga ilang iskolar na nagmungkahi na si Hesus ay hindi talaga umiral at ang mga kuwento ni Hesus sa ebanghelyo ay inimbento at kinopya lamang mula sa mga kuwento ng mga diyos na paganong namatay at nabuhay sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ehipto?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ehipto">Ehipto</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Gresya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Gresya">Gresya</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-jne-192">[191]</a> Ang mga kapansin pansing pagkakatugma sa salaysay ng buhay ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Hesus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Hesus">Hesus</a> at ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Diyos?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Diyos">diyos</a> na klasikal gaya ng mga demigod o kalahating-diyos (na anak ng diyos at tao) gaya nina <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bacchus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Bacchus">Bacchus</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bellerophon&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bellerophon (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bellerophon</a> o <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Perseus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Perseus">Perseus</a> ay napansin ng mga ama ng simbahan at tinakalay ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Justyn_Martyr&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Justyn Martyr (hindi pa naisusulat)">Justyn Martyr</a> noong ika-2 siglo CE ukol sa "panggagaya ng demonyo" kay Kristo.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-193">[192]</a> Ayon sa mga skolar ng Hudaismo, ang mga sinasabing hula na katuparan ni Hesus sa Bagong Tipan ay batay sa maling salin na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuagint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a> at misinterpretasyon ng mga talata sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tanakh?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Tanakh">Tanakh</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-194">[193]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-195">[194]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-196">[195]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-autogenerated1-197">[196]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-198">[197]</a> Ang opisyal na <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliyang</a> ginagamit ng mga Hudyo ay ang Hebreong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Masoretiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Masoretiko">Masoretiko</a> at hindi ang Griyegong <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Septuagint?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Septuagint">Septuagint</a> na pinaniniwalaan ng mga Hudyo na naglalaman ng korupsiyon. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Tekstuwal_na_kritisismo_ng_Bagong_Tipan">Tekstuwal na kritisismo ng Bagong Tipan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=40&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tekstuwal na kritisismo ng Bagong Tipan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable"> Pangunahing artikulo: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Tekstwal_na_kritisismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Tekstwal na kritisismo">Tekstwal na kritisismo</a> </div> Dahil sa hindi na umiiral ang mga "orihinal na manuskrito" (sulat kamay) ng Bagong Tipan at ang mga kopya ng kopya ng orihinal na manuskritong ito ay hindi magkakatugma, ang kritismong tekstwal (textual criticism) ay lumalayon na alamin ang orihinal o ang pinakamalapit na teksto ng orihinal na manuskrito. Ang ilang halimbawa ng mga tekstong sinasabi ng mga skolar na mga "interpolasyon" (dagdag) o hindi bahagi ng orihinal na manuskrito ay Juan 7:53-8:11, 1 Juan 5:7-9, Markos 16:9-20 na idinagdag lang sa ikalawang siglo CE<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-199">[198]</a> gayundin ang mga salaysay ng kapanganakan at pagkasanggol ni Hesus na huli ng idinagdag sa mga teksto.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ActJBirth-200">[199]</a> Ayon pa sa mga skolar, ang Lukas at Mateo ay orihinal na isinulat na hindi kasama ang unang dalawang kapitulo ng mga aklat na mga ito.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-ActJBirth-200">[199]</a> Ang ilan sa mga talatang ito ay inalis sa mga bagong salin ng Biblia gaya ng NIV at Magandang Balita ngunit kasama sa mga lumang salin gaya ng King James Version (1611). Ang 5,800 manuskritong Griego ng bagong tipan ay hinati sa tatlong pangkat ng magkakatugmang uri ng teksto (text-type): Ang Alexandrian, Western at Byzantine.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-201">[200]</a> Ang Alexandrian na binubuo ng pinagkalumang teksto ng Bagong tipan (mula ikalawa hanggang ikaapat ng siglo) ang siyang naging basehan ng edisyong kritikal na "Novum Testamentum Graece" na naging basehan ng mga bagong salin ng Biblia tulad ng NIV, NASB at Magandang Balita samantalang ang Byzantine, na bumubuo ng 80% ng manuskrito ng Bagong Tipan at siyang pinakabagong teksto (ika 5 hanggang 15 siglo CE) ang siya namang naging basehan ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Textus_Receptus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Textus Receptus">Textus Receptus</a> na naging basehan ng mga saling gaya ng King James Version na isinalin mula 1604-1611. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"> <h3 id="Pag-aasal_ng_mga_Kristiyano_sa_buong_kasaysayan">Pag-aasal ng mga Kristiyano sa buong kasaysayan</h3> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=41&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Pag-aasal ng mga Kristiyano sa buong kasaysayan" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> Ang pag-aasal na ginawa at kasalukuyang ginagawa ng mga Kristiyano sa buong kasaysayan ng mundo ang isa pa sa tinutuligsa ng mga kritiko. Sa buong kasaysayan, ang mga katuruan sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Lumang_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Lumang Tipan">Lumang Tipan</a> at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bagong_Tipan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bagong Tipan">Bagong Tipan</a> ay ginamit at kasalukuyang ginagamit ng mga Kristiyano upang ipangatwiran at ipagtanggol ang paggamit ng dahas laban sa mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Heretiko?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Heretiko">heretiko</a>, mga makasalanan at mga kaaway ng Kristiyanismo. Ang pinakakilala sa mga ito ang mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Inkisisyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Inkisisyon">inkisisyon</a> ng Romano Katoliko, mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Krusada?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Krusada">krusada</a>, mga digmaan sa ngalan ng Kristiyanismo at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Antisemitismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Antisemitismo">antisemitismo</a> o pagkapoot/diskriminasyon laban sa mga Hudyo ng mga Kristiyano gaya ng ginawa ni <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Martin_Luther?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Martin Luther">Martin Luther</a>.<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-202">[201]</a> Bukod dito, ang mga Kristiyanismo sa buong kasaysayan ay nagsagawa rin ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Pang-aalipin_sa_Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Pang-aalipin sa Bibliya">pang-aalipin</a>,<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-203">[202]</a> mababang pagtrato sa mga kababaihan, pwersahang pang-aakay sa ibang tao sa relihiyong Kristiyanismo at marami pang iba. Ang mga Kristiyano ay tinutuligsa din sa kasalukuyang panahon sa pagiging laban sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Agham?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Agham">agham</a> gaya ng pagtutol sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Ebolusyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Ebolusyon">ebolusyon</a>, sa pagsasaliksik ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stem-cell&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stem-cell (hindi pa naisusulat)">stem-cell</a>, paggamit ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Condom?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Condom">kontraseptibo</a> at marami pang iba. Tinutuligsan rin ng mga kritiko ang pag-aasal ng mga Kristiyano ng pagiging arogante, mapanghatol, panatiko, hindi magpaparaan sa iba (intolerant), pagkakaroon ng pagtingin sa kanilang sarili na sila lang ang tama o banal (self-rigtheous), pagkakaroon ng poot sa ibang tao na may ibang paniniwala (bigot), <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kapaimbabawan?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kapaimbabawan">kapaimbabawan</a> (hipocrisy).<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-204">[203]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-205">[204]</a> Binabatikos din ang mga sekta ng Kristiyano dahil sa pamumwersa at pagpipilit ng kanilang mga paniniwala sa ibang mga mamamayan (na hindi Kristiyano) sa isang bansa sa pamamagitan ng pagpapasa ng mga <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Batas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Batas">batas</a> ng <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bansa?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bansa">bansa</a> na tanging umaayon sa kanilang paniniwala o pananakot sa mga politikong hindi sumusuporta sa kanilang itinataguyod o kinokontrang <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Panukalang_batas?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Panukalang batas">panukalang batas</a>. Bukod dito, ang mga sektang Kristiyano ay kilala rin sa panghihimasok sa politika ng isang bansa gaya ng Pilipinas kahit ang mga relihiyong ito ay hindi <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Nagbabayad_ng_buwis?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Nagbabayad ng buwis">nagbabayad ng buwis</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-206">[205]</a><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_note-207">[206]</a> at may <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Separasyon_ng_estado_at_relihiyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Separasyon ng estado at relihiyon">separasyon ng estado at relihiyon</a> sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Konstitusyon?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Konstitusyon">konstitusyon</a> ng Pilipinas.At ang Taong nagagalang Legaspi ay lahad ng kristyanismo dito sa pilipinas. </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"> <h2 id="Tingnan_din">Tingnan din</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=42&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Tingnan din" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul> <li><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Bibliya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Bibliya">Bibliya</a></li> </ul> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(7)"> <h2 id="Talababa">Talababa</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=43&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Talababa" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-7 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-7"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2121818">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style> <div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-37">↑</a> Halimbawa, ayon kay Bokenkotter, ang linggo ay ginawang araw ng kapahingahan sa estadong Romano, ang mga mas malupit na parusa ay ibinigay sa prostitusyon at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Adulteriya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Adulteriya">adulteriya</a> at ang ilang mga proteksiyon ay ibinigay sa mga alipin. (Bokenkotter, pp. 41–42.)</li> </ol> </div> </div> </section> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(8)"> <h2 id="Mga_sanggunian">Mga sanggunian</h2> <a role="button" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=edit&section=44&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Baguhin seksiyon: Mga sanggunian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet "> baguhin </a> </div> <section class="mf-section-8 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-8"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2121818"> <div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-1">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/story/pagels.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/story/pagels.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-Biblia4-2"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Biblia4_2-0">↑</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r2132731">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#3a3;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"What's the difference between a disciple and a Christian?, pahina 156". Fackler, Mark (patnugot). 500 Questions & Answers from the Bible / 500 mga Katanungan at mga Kasagutan mula sa Bibliya. The Livingston Corporation/Barbour Publishing, Inc., Uhrichsville, Ohio, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/9781597894739?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/9781597894739">9781597894739</a>. 2006.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=What%27s+the+difference+between+a+disciple+and+a+Christian%3F%2C+pahina+156&rft.btitle=Fackler%2C+Mark+%28patnugot%29.+500+Questions+%26+Answers+from+the+Bible+%2F+500+mga+Katanungan+at+mga+Kasagutan+mula+sa+Bibliya&rft.pub=The+Livingston+Corporation%2FBarbour+Publishing%2C+Inc.%2C+Uhrichsville%2C+Ohio%2C+ISBN+9781597894739&rft.date=2006&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_ensiklopedya?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Padron:Cite ensiklopedya">cite ensiklopedya</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-3">↑</a> Rahner (page 731) states that the consensus among historians is c. 4 BC/BCE. Sanders supports c. 4 BC/BCE. Vermes supports c. 6/5 BC/BCE. Finegan supports c. 3/2 BC/BCE. Sanders refers to the general consensus, Vermes a common 'early' date, Finegan defends comprehensively the date according to early Christian traditions.</li> <li id="cite_note-chadwickhenry23and24-4">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwickhenry23and24_4-0">4.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwickhenry23and24_4-1">4.1</a> Chadwick, Henry, pp. 23–24.</li> <li id="cite_note-Hitchcock_281-5"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Hitchcock_281_5-0">↑</a> Hitchcock, Geography of Religion (2004), p. 281, quote: "By the year 100, more than 40 Christian communities existed in cities around the Mediterranean, including two in North Africa, at Alexandria and Cyrene, and several in Italy."</li> <li id="cite_note-AFM-6"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-AFM_6-0">↑</a> A.E. Medlycott, India and The Apostle Thomas, pp.1-71, 213-97; M.R. James, Apocryphal New Testament, pp.364-436; Eusebius, History, chapter 4:30; J.N. Farquhar, The Apostle Thomas in North India, chapter 4:30; V.A. Smith, Early History of India, p.235; L.W. Brown, The Indian Christians of St. Thomas, p.49-59</li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-7">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.stthoma.com/">http://www.stthoma.com/</a></li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-8">↑</a> McMullen, pp. 37, 83.</li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson115-9"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davidson115_9-0">↑</a> Davidson, The Birth of the Church (2005), p. 115</li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick37-10"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwick37_10-0">↑</a> Chadwick, Henry, p. 37.</li> <li id="cite_note-macculloch109-11"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculloch109_11-0">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 109.</li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson149-12"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davidson149_12-0">↑</a> Davidson, The Birth of the Church (2005), p. 149</li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-13">↑</a> I Corinthians: a new translation Volume 32 Anchor Bible William Fridell Orr, James Arthur Walther - 1976 "Paul's openness regarding dietary restrictions raises again the question of the connection with the decrees of the council at Jerusalem (Acts 15:29; Introduction, pp. 63–65). There is no hint here of an apostolic decree involving food."</li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-14">↑</a> Gordon D. Fee The First Epistle to the Corinthians 1987 p480 "Paul's "rule" for everyday life in Corinth is a simple one: "Eat anything19 sold in the meat market""</li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-15">↑</a> Ecclesiastical History 3.27.4</li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-16">↑</a> Irenaeus; Aganist Heresies 1.26.2</li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-17">↑</a> Epiphanius, Panarion, 30.16.6-9</li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-18">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, pp.127–131.</li> <li id="cite_note-duffy9and10-19"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy9and10_19-0">↑</a> Duffy, pp. 9–10.</li> <li id="cite_note-markus75-20"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-markus75_20-0">↑</a> Markus, p. 75.</li> <li id="cite_note-macculloch134-21"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculloch134_21-0">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 134.</li> <li id="cite_note-eusebius-22">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eusebius_22-0">22.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-eusebius_22-1">22.1</a> Eusebius, Church History 5.23-4</li> <li id="cite_note-duffy18-23"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy18_23-0">↑</a> Duffy, p. 18.</li> <li id="cite_note-24"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-24">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 141.</li> <li id="cite_note-Davidson169-25"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Davidson169_25-0">↑</a> Davidson, The Birth of the Church (2005), pp. 169, 181</li> <li id="cite_note-macculloch155and164-26"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculloch155and164_26-0">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, pp. 155–159, 164.</li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick21-27"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwick21_27-0">↑</a> Chadwick, Henry, p. 41.</li> <li id="cite_note-chadwick41and42-28"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-chadwick41and42_28-0">↑</a> Chadwick, Henry, pp. 41–42, 55.</li> <li id="cite_note-macculloch174-29"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-macculloch174_29-0">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 174.</li> <li id="cite_note-duffy20-30"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy20_30-0">↑</a> Duffy, p. 20.</li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-31">↑</a> Simone Weil, Letter to a Priest, Excerpt 35</li> <li id="cite_note-PersecutionsEnded-32"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-PersecutionsEnded_32-0">↑</a> Lactantius, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ucalgary.ca/~vandersp/Courses/texts/lactant/lactpers.html%23XXXIV">De Mortibus Persecutorum</a> ("On the Deaths of the Persecutors") ch.34–35</li> <li id="cite_note-StoChris59-33"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StoChris59_33-0">↑</a> Collins, The Story of Christianity (1999), p. 59</li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-34">↑</a> Weil, Letter to a Priest, excerpt 35</li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-35">↑</a> J.R. Curran, Pagan City and Christian Capital. Rome in the Fourth Century (Oxford, 2000) pp. 70–90.</li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-36">↑</a> McMullen, p. 44.</li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-38">↑</a> Bokenkotter, p. 41.</li> <li id="cite_note-mcmullen49and50-39">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mcmullen49and50_39-0">38.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-mcmullen49and50_39-1">38.1</a> McMullen, pp. 49–50.</li> <li id="cite_note-duffy64-40"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy64_40-0">↑</a> Duffy, p. 64.</li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-41">↑</a> McMullen, p. 54.</li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-42">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 199.</li> <li id="cite_note-43"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-43">↑</a> McMullen, p. 93.</li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-44">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/diversity.html">http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/first/diversity.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-45"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-45">↑</a> Duffy, p. 27. Chadwick, Henry, p. 56.</li> <li id="cite_note-duffy29-46"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-duffy29_46-0">↑</a> Duffy, p. 29. MacCulloch Christianity, p. 212.</li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-47">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/fathers2/NPNF2-04/Npnf2-04-34.htm%23TopOfPage">"Athanasius: De Decretis or Defence of the Nicene Definition, Introduction, 19"</a>. Tertullian.org. 2004-08-06. Nakuha noong 2012-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Athanasius%3A+De+Decretis+or+Defence+of+the+Nicene+Definition%2C+Introduction%2C+19&rft.pub=Tertullian.org&rft.date=2004-08-06&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tertullian.org%2Ffathers2%2FNPNF2-04%2FNpnf2-04-34.htm%23TopOfPage&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-48">↑</a> "The bishops were forced to use 'non-Scriptural' terminology (not 'un-Scriptural') to protect and preserve the Scriptural meaning" (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.journal33.org/godworld/html/arian1.pdf">The Arian Controversy</a>).</li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-49">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-260797/">"Encyclopædia Britannica Online"</a>. Britannica.com. Nakuha noong 2012-01-02.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica+Online&rft.pub=Britannica.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.britannica.com%2Feb%2Farticle-260797%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-50">↑</a> Berkhoff, The History of Christian Doctrines (Grand Rapids: Baker, 1937), 58, as found in David K. Bernard, Oneness and Trinity A.D. 100–300 (Hazelwood, MO: Word Aflame Press, 1991), 87</li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-51">↑</a> MacCulloch, Christianity, p. 221.</li> <li id="cite_note-guitton-pp86-52"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-guitton-pp86_52-0">↑</a> Guitton, "Great Heresies and Church Councils", pp.86.</li> <li id="cite_note-ellingsen-pp119-53"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ellingsen-pp119_53-0">↑</a> Ellingsen, "Reclaiming Our Roots: An Inclusive Introduction to Church History, Vol. I, The Late First Century to the Eve of the Reformation", pp.119.</li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-54">↑</a> Duffy, p. 34.</li> <li id="cite_note-theodosius-55"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-theodosius_55-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227120555/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html">"Theodosian Code XVI.i.2, Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html">orihinal</a> noong 2007-02-27. Nakuha noong 2012-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theodosian+Code+XVI.i.2%2C+Medieval+Sourcebook%3A+Banning+of+Other+Religions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fsource%2FtheodcodeXVI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-56">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070227120555/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html">"Theodosian Code XVI.i.2, Medieval Sourcebook: Banning of Other Religions"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/theodcodeXVI.html">orihinal</a> noong 2007-02-27. Nakuha noong 2012-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Theodosian+Code+XVI.i.2%2C+Medieval+Sourcebook%3A+Banning+of+Other+Religions&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fordham.edu%2Fhalsall%2Fsource%2FtheodcodeXVI.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-57">↑</a> Williams and Friell, p54.</li> <li id="cite_note-p55-58">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-p55_58-0">57.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-p55_58-1">57.1</a> William and Friell, p55.</li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-59">↑</a> Boyd (1905), p. 47</li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-60">↑</a> Boyd (1905), p. 50</li> <li id="cite_note-61"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-61">↑</a> It was the original 325 creed, not the one that is attributed to the second Ecumenical Council in 381, that was recited at the Council of Ephesus (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">The Third Ecumenical Council. The Council of Ephesus, p. 202</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20000816024110/http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/basis/ephesus.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2000-08-16 sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.).</li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-62">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.xi.html">Excursus on the Words πίστιν ἑτέραν</a></li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-63">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/npnf214.x.xvi.x.html">Canon VII</a> of the Council of Ephesus</li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-64">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFNorman_TannerGiuseppe_Alberigo1990" class="citation book cs1">Norman Tanner; Giuseppe Alberigo (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/decreesofecumeni0000norm_l8e1">Decrees of the Ecumenical Councils</a>. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/decreesofecumeni0000norm_l8e1/page/n245">84</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Decrees+of+the+Ecumenical+Councils&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pages=84&rft.pub=Georgetown+University+Press&rft.date=1990&rft.au=Norman+Tanner&rft.au=Giuseppe+Alberigo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fdecreesofecumeni0000norm_l8e1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-TheodosianCode16.10.11-65"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TheodosianCode16.10.11_65-0">↑</a> Theodosian Code 16.10.11</li> <li id="cite_note-Routery1997ch4-66"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Routery1997ch4_66-0">↑</a> Routery, Michael (1997) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.vinland.org/scamp/grove/kreich/chapter4.html">The First Missionary War. The Church take over of the Roman Empire, Ch. 4, The Serapeum of Alexandria</a></li> <li id="cite_note-TheodosianCode16.10.10-67"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-TheodosianCode16.10.10_67-0">↑</a> Theodosian Code 16.10.10</li> <li id="cite_note-hughes-68"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-hughes_68-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/HUGHHIST.TXT">"A History of the Church", Philip Hughes, Sheed & Ward, rev ed 1949</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20181223191523/http://www.ewtn.com/library/CHISTORY/HUGHHIST.TXT">Naka-arkibo</a> 2018-12-23 sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., vol I chapter 6.</li> <li id="cite_note-FirstChristianTheologiansp68-69"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-FirstChristianTheologiansp68_69-0">↑</a> "The First Christian Theologians: An Introduction to Theology in the Early Church", Edited by Gillian Rosemary Evans, contributor Clarence Gallagher SJ, "The Imperial Ecclesiastical Lawgivers", p68, Blackwell Publishing, 2004, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0631231870?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-631-23187-0</a></li> <li id="cite_note-HughesVol3-70"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HughesVol3_70-0">↑</a> Hughes, Philip Studies in Comparative Religion, The Conversion of the Roman Empire, Vol 3, CTS.</li> <li id="cite_note-HereticsExecuted-71"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-HereticsExecuted_71-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.historyguide.org/ancient/lecture27b.html">"Lecture 27: Heretics, Heresies and the Church"</a>. 2009. Nakuha noong 2010-04-24.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lecture+27%3A+Heretics%2C+Heresies+and+the+Church&rft.date=2009&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historyguide.org%2Fancient%2Flecture27b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>) Review of Church policies towards heresy, including capital punishment (see Synod at Saragossa).</li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-72">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html">http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/marcion.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-73">↑</a> McGuckin, John A. "Origen as Literary Critic in the Alexandrian Tradition.” 121–37 in vol. 1 of 'Origeniana octava: Origen and the Alexandrian Tradition.' Papers of the 8th International Origen Congress (Pisa, 27–31 Agosto 2001). Edited by L. Perrone. Bibliotheca Ephemeridum theologicarum Lovaniensium 164. 2 vols. Leuven: Leuven University Press, 2003.</li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-74">↑</a> Among the disputed writings, [των αντιλεγομένων], which are nevertheless recognized by many, are extant the so-called epistle of James and that of Jude, also the second epistle of Peter, and those that are called the second and third of John, whether they belong to the evangelist or to another person of the same name. Among the rejected writings must be reckoned also the Acts of Paul, and the so-called Shepherd, and the Apocalypse of Peter, and in addition to these the extant epistle of Barnabas, and the so-called Teachings of the Apostles; and besides, as I said, the Apocalypse of John, if it seem proper, which some, as I said, reject, but which others class with the accepted books. And among these some have placed also the Gospel according to the Hebrews, with which those of the Hebrews that have accepted Christ are especially delighted. And all these may be reckoned among the disputed books [των αντιλεγομένων].</li> <li id="cite_note-75"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-75">↑</a> Carter Lindberg, A Brief History of Christianity (Blackwell Publishing, 2006) p. 15.</li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-76">↑</a> David Brakke, "Canon Formation and Social Conflict in Fourth Century Egypt: Athanasius of Alexandria's Thirty Ninth Festal Letter", in Harvard Theological Review 87 (1994) pp. 395–419.</li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-77">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm">http://www.tertullian.org/articles/burkitt_gelasianum.htm</a></li> <li id="cite_note-StoryChristianity-78"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StoryChristianity_78-0">↑</a> Collins, The Story of Christianity (1999), pp. 61–2</li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-79">↑</a> Pierre Nautin, article Hieronymus, in: Theologische Realenzyklopädie, Vol. 15, Walter de Gruyter, Berlin - New York 1986, p. 304–315, here p. 309-310.</li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-80">↑</a> The Canon Debate, Sundberg, page 72, adds further detail: "However, it was not until the time of Augustine of Hippo (354–430 C.E.) that the Greek translation of the Jewish scriptures came to be called by the Latin term septuaginta. [70 rather than 72] In his City of God 18.42, while repeating the <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Letter_of_Aristeas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Letter of Aristeas (hindi pa naisusulat)">story of Aristeas</a> with typical embellishments, Augustine adds the remark, "It is their translation that it has now become traditional to call the Septuagint" ...[Latin omitted]... Augustine thus indicates that this name for the Greek translation of the scriptures was a recent development. But he offers no clue as to which of the possible antecedents led to this development: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bible.oremus.org/?passage%3DExodus%252024:1%25E2%2580%25938%26version%3Dnrsv">Exod 24:1–8</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Josephus?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="Josephus">Josephus</a> [Antiquities 12.57, 12.86], or an elision. ...this name Septuagint appears to have been a fourth- to fifth-century development."</li> <li id="cite_note-Ferguson,_Everett-81"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Ferguson,_Everett_81-0">↑</a> Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon", in The Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320</li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-82">↑</a> F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230</li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-83">↑</a> cf. Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8.</li> <li id="cite_note-84"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-84">↑</a> Ferguson, Everett. "Factors leading to the Selection and Closure of the New Testament Canon," in The Canon Debate. eds. L. M. McDonald & J. A. Sanders (Hendrickson, 2002) p. 320; F. F. Bruce, The Canon of Scripture (Intervarsity Press, 1988) p. 230</li> <li id="cite_note-85"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-85">↑</a> cf. Augustine, De Civitate Dei 22.8</li> <li id="cite_note-86"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-86">↑</a> McDonald & Sanders' The Canon Debate, Appendix D-2, note 19: "Revelation was added later in 419 at the subsequent synod of Carthage."</li> <li id="cite_note-87"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-87">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/">http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20100419071230/http://www.bibelcenter.de/bibel/lu1545/">Naka-arkibo</a> 2010-04-19 at <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Archive.is&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Archive.is (hindi pa naisusulat)">Archive.is</a> note order: ... Hebr�er, Jakobus, Judas, Offenbarung; see also <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bible-researcher.com/links10.html">http://www.bible-researcher.com/links10.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-LeGoff20-88"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff20_88-0">↑</a> Le Goff, Medieval Civilization (1964), pp. 5–20</li> <li id="cite_note-LeGoff21-89"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff21_89-0">↑</a> Le Goff, Medieval Civilization (1964), p. 21</li> <li id="cite_note-Woods27-90"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods27_90-0">↑</a> Woods, How the Church Built Western Civilization (2005), p. 27</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar103-91"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar103_91-0">↑</a> Vidmar, Jedin 34</li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-92">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/source/icono-cncl754.asp">Medieval Sourcebook: Iconoclastic Council, 754</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20141023080921/http://www.fordham.edu/Halsall/source/icono-cncl754.asp">Naka-arkibo</a> 2014-10-23 sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>., Fordham University</li> <li id="cite_note-93"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-93">↑</a> Jedin 36</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar107-94"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar107_94-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), pp. 107–11</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy78-95"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy78_95-0">↑</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), p. 78, quote: "By contrast, Paschal's successor <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pope_Eugene_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pope Eugene II (hindi pa naisusulat)">Eugenius II</a> (824–7), elected with imperial influence, gave away most of these papal gains. He acknowledged the Emperor's sovereignty in the papal state, and he accepted a constitution imposed by Lothair which established imperial supervision of the administration of Rome, imposed an oath to the Emperor on all citizens, and required the Pope–elect to swear fealty before he could be consecrated. Under <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pope_Sergius_II&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pope Sergius II (hindi pa naisusulat)">Sergius II</a> (844–7) it was even agreed that the Pope could not be consecrated without an imperial mandate, and that the ceremony must be in the presence of his representative, a revival of some of the more galling restrictions of Byzantine rule."</li> <li id="cite_note-96"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-96">↑</a> Franzen. 36-42</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy88-97"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy88_97-0">↑</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), pp. 88–9</li> <li id="cite_note-SandSp91-98">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SandSp91_98-0">97.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SandSp91_98-1">97.1</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), p. 91</li> <li id="cite_note-StoChris44-99"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-StoChris44_99-0">↑</a> Collins, The Story of Christianity (1999), p. 103</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar104-100"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar104_100-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), p. 104</li> <li id="cite_note-rileysmith-101"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-rileysmith_101-0">↑</a> Riley-Smith, The First Crusaders (1997), p. 8</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar130-102"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar130_102-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), pp. 130–1</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter140-103"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter140_103-0">↑</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), p. 140 quote: "And so when Urban called for a crusade at Clermont in 1095, one of his motives was to bring help to the beleaguered Eastern Christians."</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter155-104"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter155_104-0">↑</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), p. 155 quote: "Stories were also circulating about the harsh treatment of Christian pilgrims to Jerusalem at the hands of the infidel, inflaming Western opinion."</li> <li id="cite_note-105"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-105">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130115012858/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04737.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/judaica/ejud_0002_0005_0_04737.html">orihinal</a> noong 2013-01-15. Nakuha noong 2012-12-03.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2Fjudaica%2Fejud_0002_0005_0_04737.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-106"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-106">↑</a> Hans Mayer. "The Crusades" (Oxford University Press: 1988) p. 41.</li> <li id="cite_note-LeGoff66-107"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-LeGoff66_107-0">↑</a> Le Goff, Medieval Civilization (1964), pp. 65–7</li> <li id="cite_note-Tyerman-108"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Tyerman_108-0">↑</a> Tyerman, God's War: A New History of the Crusades (2006), pp. 525–60</li> <li id="cite_note-109"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-109">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/3850789.stm">"Pope sorrow over Constantinople"</a>. BBC News. 2004-06-29. Nakuha noong 2008-04-06.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pope+sorrow+over+Constantinople&rft.pub=BBC+News&rft.date=2004-06-29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.bbc.co.uk%2F2%2Fhi%2Feurope%2F3850789.stm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy101-110"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy101_110-0">↑</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), p. 101</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy112-111"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy112_111-0">↑</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), p. 112</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar144-112"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar144_112-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), pp. 144–7, quote: "The Albigensian Crusade, as it became known, lasted until 1219. The pope, Innocent III, was a lawyer and saw both how easily the crusade had gotten out of hand and how it could be mitigated. He encouraged local rulers to adopt anti-heretic legislation and bring people to trial. By 1231 a papal inquisition began, and the friars were given charge of investigating tribunals."</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter132-113">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter132_113-0">112.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter132_113-1">112.1</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), p. 132, quote: "A crusade was proclaimed against these Albigenses, as they were sometimes called ... It was in connection with this crusade that the papal system of Inquisition originated-a special tribunal appointed by the Popes and charged with ferreting out heretics. Until then the responsibility devolved on the local bishops. However, Innocent found it necessary in coping with the Albigensian threat to send out delegates who were entrusted with special powers that made them independent of the episcopal authority. In 1233 Gregory IX organized this ad hoc body into a system of permanent inquisitors, who were usually chosen from among the mendicant friars, Dominicans and Franciscans, men who were often marked by a high degree of courage, integrity, prudence, and zeal."</li> <li id="cite_note-Norman93-114"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman93_114-0">↑</a> Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), p. 93</li> <li id="cite_note-christopherblack-115">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-christopherblack_115-0">114.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-christopherblack_115-1">114.1</a> Black, Early Modern Italy (2001), pp. 200–2</li> <li id="cite_note-Casey-116"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Casey_116-0">↑</a> Casey, Early Modern Spain: A Social History (2002), pp. 229–30</li> <li id="cite_note-Stanford-117"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Stanford_117-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFHans_Thijssen2003" class="citation web cs1">Hans Thijssen (2003-01-30). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/condemnation/">"Condemnation of 1277"</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Stanford_Encyclopedia_of_Philosophy&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (hindi pa naisusulat)">Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=University_of_Stanford&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="University of Stanford (hindi pa naisusulat)">University of Stanford</a>. Nakuha noong 2009-09-14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Condemnation+of+1277&rft.date=2003-01-30&rft.au=Hans+Thijssen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Fentries%2Fcondemnation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Woods91-2-118"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods91-2_118-0">↑</a> Woods, p 91-92</li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke13-119"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke13_119-0">↑</a> Koschorke, A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (2007), pp. 13, 283</li> <li id="cite_note-Woods135-120"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods135_120-0">↑</a> Woods, How the Church Built Western Civilization (2005), p. 135</li> <li id="cite_note-Johansen1092-121"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johansen1092_121-0">↑</a> Johansen, Bruce, The Native Peoples of North America, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2006, pp. 109, 110, quote: "In the Americas, the Catholic priest <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Bartolom%C3%A9_de_Las_Casas&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Bartolomé de Las Casas (hindi pa naisusulat)">Bartolome de las Casas</a> avidly encouraged enquiries into the Spanish conquest's many cruelties. Las Casas chronicled Spanish brutality against the Native peoples in excruciating detail."</li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke287-122">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke287_122-0">121.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke287_122-1">121.1</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke287_122-2">121.2</a> Koschorke, A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (2007), p. 287</li> <li id="cite_note-Dussel45-123"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Dussel45_123-0">↑</a> Dussel, Enrique, A History of the Church in Latin America, Wm B Eerdmans Publishing, 1981, pp. 45, 52, 53 quote: "The missionary Church opposed this state of affairs from the beginning, and nearly everything positive that was done for the benefit of the indigenous peoples resulted from the call and clamor of the missionaries. The fact remained, however, that widespread injustice was extremely difficult to uproot ... Even more important than Bartolome de Las Casas was the Bishop of Nicaragua, Antonio de Valdeviso, who ultimately suffered martyrdom for his defense of the Indian."</li> <li id="cite_note-Johansen109-124"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Johansen109_124-0">↑</a> Johansen, Bruce, The Native Peoples of North America, Rutgers University Press, New Brunswick, 2006, pp. 109, 110, quote: In large part because of Las Casas's work, a movement arose in Spain for more humane treatment of indigenous peoples.</li> <li id="cite_note-Woods137-125"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Woods137_125-0">↑</a> Woods, How the Church Built Western Civilization (2005), p. 137</li> <li id="cite_note-Chadwick327-126"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Chadwick327_126-0">↑</a> Chadwick, Owen, The Reformation, Penguin, 1990, p. 327</li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-127">↑</a> Rosen <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reference-Rosen-1995">(1995, pp.151–59)</a></li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-128">↑</a> Rosen <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reference-Rosen-1995">(1995, p.158)</a></li> <li id="cite_note-contrary_to_scripture-129"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-contrary_to_scripture_129-0">↑</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reference-Sharratt-1994">Sharratt (1994, pp.127–131)</a>, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#Reference-McMullin-2005a">McMullin (2005a)</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke21-130"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke21_130-0">↑</a> Koschorke, A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (2007), p. 21</li> <li id="cite_note-jacksonxiii-131"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jacksonxiii_131-0">↑</a> Jackson, From Savages to Subjects: Missions in the History of the American Southwest (2000), p. 13</li> <li id="cite_note-Koschorke3-132"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Koschorke3_132-0">↑</a> Koschorke, A History of Christianity in Asia, Africa, and Latin America (2007), pp. 3, 17</li> <li id="cite_note-Norman86-133"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman86_133-0">↑</a> Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), p. 86</li> <li id="cite_note-Franzen_65-78-134">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen_65-78_134-0">133.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen_65-78_134-1">133.1</a> Franzen 65-78</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter202-135">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter202_135-0">134.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter202_135-1">134.1</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), pp. 201–5</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy149-136"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy149_136-0">↑</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), p. 149</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar184-137">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar184_137-0">136.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar184_137-1">136.1</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), p. 184</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter215-138">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_138-0">137.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter215_138-1">137.1</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), p. 215</li> <li id="cite_note-ConciseHistory-139"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ConciseHistory_139-0">↑</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), pp. 223–4</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar196-140"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar196_140-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), pp. 196–200</li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-141">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFCarroll1994" class="citation book cs1">Carroll, Anne W. (1994). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/christkinglordof0000carr">Christ the King, Lord of History</a>. Rockford, Illinois: TAN Books and Publishers, Inc. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/christkinglordof0000carr/page/220">220</a>–221. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-89555-503-8?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-89555-503-8"><bdi>978-0-89555-503-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Christ+the+King%2C+Lord+of+History&rft.place=Rockford%2C+Illinois&rft.pages=220-221&rft.pub=TAN+Books+and+Publishers%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=978-0-89555-503-8&rft.aulast=Carroll&rft.aufirst=Anne+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchristkinglordof0000carr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar233-142">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar233_142-0">141.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar233_142-1">141.1</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), p. 233</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy177-143">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy177_143-0">142.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy177_143-1">142.1</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), pp. 177–8</li> <li id="cite_note-scruton1996p470-144"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-scruton1996p470_144-0">↑</a> Scruton, A Dictionary of Political Thought (1996), p. 470, quote: "The (English) Reformation must not be confused with the changes introduced into the Church of England during the 'Reformation Parliament' of 1529–36, which were of a political rather than a religious nature, designed to unite the secular and religious sources of authority within a single sovereign power: the <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Anglican_Communion&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Anglican Communion (hindi pa naisusulat)">Anglican Church</a> did not until later make any substantial change in doctrine."</li> <li id="cite_note-Schama-145"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Schama_145-0">↑</a> Schama, A History of Britain 1: At the Edge of the World? (2003), pp. 309–11</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar220-146">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar220_146-0">145.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar220_146-1">145.1</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), p. 220, quote: "Henry, seeing how far Cranmer had tried to take him in making the land Lutheran or Calvinist, pulled the plug in Setyembre 1538 and passed the Six Articles, which tried to restore the ancient faith, including the practice of celibacy for the clergy. By 1543 most of the Reformation legislation was reversed. One man, John Lambert, was made an example in Nobyembre 1538. He was burned by being dragged in and out of the fire for holding the very same beliefs about the Eucharist that Cranmer held. Cranmer was made to watch the whole brutal event. He also had to send his wife back to Germany."</li> <li id="cite_note-Gonzalez75-147"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Gonzalez75_147-0">↑</a> Gonzalez, The Story of Christianity, Volume 2 (1985), p. 75, quote: "In England, he took steps to make the church conform as much as possible to Roman Catholicism, except in the matter of obedience to the pope. He also refused to restore monasteries, which he had suppressed and confiscated under the pretense of reformation, and whose properties he had no intention of returning."</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar225-148">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar225_148-0">147.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar225_148-1">147.1</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar225_148-2">147.2</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), pp. 225–6</li> <li id="cite_note-Haigh159-149"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Haigh159_149-0">↑</a> Haigh, The English Reformation Revised (1987), p. 159, quote: "Mary wanted to make England a Catholic country as quickly as possible: to reintroduce the pope's authority, to repeal those parliamentary statutes which had so radically altered the relationship of Church and State and to restore to the Church its Catholic doctrine and services. Nothing was to be allowed to stand in her way. No murmurings among the people, no riots or rebellions or intrigues, not even the advice of the Spanish ambassador to make haste slowly could deflect the Queen from her purpose. ... Death by burning at the hands of the sheriffs became the penalty for those who, convicted of heresy in the church courts, refused to recant."</li> <li id="cite_note-Solt149-150"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Solt149_150-0">↑</a> Solt, Church and State in Early Modern England, 1509-1640, (1990), p. 149</li> <li id="cite_note-SchamaII-151"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-SchamaII_151-0">↑</a> Schama, A History of Britain 1: At the Edge of the World? (2003), pp. 272–3.</li> <li id="cite_note-152"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-152">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFPotemra2004" class="citation web cs1">Potemra, Michael (2004-07-13). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070426172353/http://nationalreview.com/books/potemra200407131542.asp">"Crucible of Freedom"</a>. National Review. Inarkibo mula sa orihinal noong 2007-04-26. Nakuha noong 2008-06-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Crucible+of+Freedom&rft.pub=National+Review&rft.date=2004-07-13&rft.aulast=Potemra&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnationalreview.com%2Fbooks%2Fpotemra200407131542.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_bot:_original_URL_status_unknown?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter242-153">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter242_153-0">152.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter242_153-1">152.1</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), pp. 242–4</li> <li id="cite_note-Norman81-154"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman81_154-0">↑</a> Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), p. 81</li> <li id="cite_note-Vidmar237-155"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Vidmar237_155-0">↑</a> Vidmar, The Catholic Church Through the Ages (2005), p. 237</li> <li id="cite_note-Norman91-156"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman91_156-0">↑</a> Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), pp. 91–2</li> <li id="cite_note-157"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-157">↑</a> Lortz, IV, 7-11</li> <li id="cite_note-158"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-158">↑</a> Duffy 188-189</li> <li id="cite_note-Duffy188-159">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy188_159-0">158.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Duffy188_159-1">158.1</a> Duffy, Saints and Sinners (1997), pp. 188–91</li> <li id="cite_note-Bokenkotter267-160"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Bokenkotter267_160-0">↑</a> Bokenkotter, A Concise History of the Catholic Church (2004), pp. 267–9</li> <li id="cite_note-161"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-161">↑</a> Franzen 326</li> <li id="cite_note-Norman137-162"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Norman137_162-0">↑</a> Norman, The Roman Catholic Church an Illustrated History (2007), p. 137</li> <li id="cite_note-Franzen_328-163">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen_328_163-0">162.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Franzen_328_163-1">162.1</a> Franzen 328</li> <li id="cite_note-164"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-164">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15283-zoroastrianism">http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/15283-zoroastrianism</a></li> <li id="cite_note-165"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-165">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121015092426/http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Exilic.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/Exilic.html">orihinal</a> noong 2012-10-15. Nakuha noong 2012-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.org%2Fjsource%2FJudaism%2FExilic.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-166"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-166">↑</a> S. A. Nigosian, The Zoroastrian Faith, 97</li> <li id="cite_note-167"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-167">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFBentley1992" class="citation book cs1">Bentley, Jerry H. (1992). Cross-Cultural Contacts and Exchanges in Pre-Modern Times. Oxford University Press. p. 240. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-19-507640-0?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-19-507640-0"><bdi>978-0-19-507640-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cross-Cultural+Contacts+and+Exchanges+in+Pre-Modern+Times&rft.pages=240&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=978-0-19-507640-0&rft.aulast=Bentley&rft.aufirst=Jerry+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-168"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-168">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111021824/http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/buddha.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/buddha.html">orihinal</a> noong 2013-01-11. Nakuha noong 2012-12-26.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusneverexisted.com%2Fbuddha.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-KlauckMcNeil-169">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-KlauckMcNeil_169-0">168.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-KlauckMcNeil_169-1">168.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFKlauckMcNeil2003" class="citation cs2">Klauck, Brian; McNeil (2003), The Religious Context of Early Christianity, Continuum International Publishing Group, <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/978-0-567-08943-4?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/978-0-567-08943-4"><bdi>978-0-567-08943-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Religious+Context+of+Early+Christianity&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-0-567-08943-4&rft.aulast=Klauck&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft.au=McNeil&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Citation?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>).</li> <li id="cite_note-170"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-170">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFUlansey" class="citation web cs1">Ulansey, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.well.com/user/davidu/mithras.html">"The Cosmic Mysteries of Mithras"</a>. Nakuha noong 2011-03-20. <q>Our earliest evidence for the Mithraic mysteries places their appearance in the middle of the first century B.C.: the historian Plutarch says that in 67 B.C. a large band of pirates based in Cilicia (a province on the southeastern coast of Asia Minor) were practicing "secret rites" of Mithras.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Cosmic+Mysteries+of+Mithras&rft.aulast=Ulansey&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.well.com%2Fuser%2Fdavidu%2Fmithras.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-171"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-171">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/justinmartyr-firstapology.html">http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/justinmartyr-firstapology.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-172"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-172">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.iv.lxx.html">http://www.ccel.org/ccel/schaff/anf01.viii.iv.lxx.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-173"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-173">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20130111082759/http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/gospel-mithras.html">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/gospel-mithras.html">orihinal</a> noong 2013-01-11. Nakuha noong 2012-12-21.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.jesusneverexisted.com%2Fgospel-mithras.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-174"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-174">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20121116080152/http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_jcpa2.htm">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_jcpa2.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2012-11-16. Nakuha noong 2012-12-22.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.religioustolerance.org%2Fchr_jcpa2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-175"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-175">↑</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pausanias_(geographer)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pausanias (geographer) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pausanias</a>, Description of Greece 6. 26. 1 - 2</li> <li id="cite_note-176"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-176">↑</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Athenaeus&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Athenaeus (hindi pa naisusulat)">Athenaeus</a>, Deipnosophistae 2. 34a</li> <li id="cite_note-Wick_2004_179–198-177">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wick_2004_179%E2%80%93198_177-0">176.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Wick_2004_179%E2%80%93198_177-1">176.1</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFWick2004" class="citation journal cs1">Wick, Peter (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bsw.org/?l%3D71851%26a%3DComm06.html">"Jesus gegen Dionysos? Ein Beitrag zur Kontextualisierung des Johannesevangeliums"</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Biblica_(journal)&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Biblica (journal) (hindi pa naisusulat)">Biblica</a>. Rome: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Pontifical_Biblical_Institute&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Pontifical Biblical Institute (hindi pa naisusulat)">Pontifical Biblical Institute</a>. 85 (2): 179–198. Nakuha noong 2007-10-10.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biblica&rft.atitle=Jesus+gegen+Dionysos%3F+Ein+Beitrag+zur+Kontextualisierung+des+Johannesevangeliums&rft.volume=85&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=179-198&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Wick&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bsw.org%2F%3Fl%3D71851%26a%3DComm06.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"> <code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_journal?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite journal">cite journal</a>}}</code>: Invalid <code class="cs1-code">|ref=harv</code> (<a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:CS1_errors%23invalid_param_val" class="extiw" title="en:Help:CS1 errors">tulong</a>)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-Powell-178"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Powell_178-0">↑</a> Powell, Barry B., Classical Myth Second ed. With new translations of ancient texts by Herbert M. Howe. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1998.</li> <li id="cite_note-179"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-179">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/the-essenes-and-the-origins-of-christianity-562442">https://www.jpost.com/jerusalem-report/the-essenes-and-the-origins-of-christianity-562442</a></li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-180">↑</a> HarperCollins Bible Dictionary, "The formal doctrine of the Trinity as it was defined by the great church councils of the fourth and fifth centuries is not to be found in the NT [New Testament]" (Paul Achtemeier, editor, 1996, "Trinity").</li> <li id="cite_note-Handbook,_78-181"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-Handbook,_78_181-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFSoulenSoulen,_R._Kendall2001" class="citation book cs1">Soulen, Richard N.; Soulen, R. Kendall (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8">Handbook of biblical criticism</a> (ika-3rd ed., rev. and expanded. (na) edisyon). Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.org/details/handbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8/page/78">78</a>. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0664223141?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/0664223141"><bdi>0664223141</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Handbook+of+biblical+criticism&rft.place=Louisville%2C+Ky.&rft.pages=78&rft.edition=3rd+ed.%2C+rev.+and+expanded.&rft.pub=Westminster+John+Knox+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=0664223141&rft.aulast=Soulen&rft.aufirst=Richard+N.&rft.au=Soulen%2C+R.+Kendall&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhandbookofbiblic0000soul_z2x8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-msbnc-182"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-msbnc_182-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20101206175603/http://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2008/11/18/4350632-bible-gets-a-reality-check">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com/_news/2008/11/18/4350632-bible-gets-a-reality-check">orihinal</a> noong 2010-12-06. Nakuha noong 2011-11-09.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcosmiclog.msnbc.msn.com%2F_news%2F2008%2F11%2F18%2F4350632-bible-gets-a-reality-check&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-finkelstein-183"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-finkelstein_183-0">↑</a> Israel Finkelstein and Neil Asher Silberman, Free Press, New York, 2001, 385 pp., <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0684869128?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-684-86912-8</a>, tignan din ang artikulo sa English Wikipedia na: <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:The_Bible_Unearthed&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Wikipedia:The Bible Unearthed (hindi pa naisusulat)">The Bible Unearthed</a></li> <li id="cite_note-nyt-184"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-nyt_184-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/world/africa/03exodus.html">http://www.nytimes.com/2007/04/03/world/africa/03exodus.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-185"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-185">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/">Jesus Never Existed</a></li> <li id="cite_note-186"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-186">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/2seth.html">http://www.gnosis.org/naghamm/2seth.html</a></li> <li id="cite_note-gnostic-187"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-gnostic_187-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/religion/story/pagels.html">The Gnostic Gospels:PBS</a></li> <li id="cite_note-188"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-188">↑</a> Lost Christianities: the battles for scripture and the faiths we never knew, Bart D. Ehrman</li> <li id="cite_note-189"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-189">↑</a> Gnostic Visions: Uncovering the Greatest Secret of the Ancient World, p 218</li> <li id="cite_note-190"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-190">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.infidels.org/library/modern/paul_carlson/nt_contradictions.html">NT contradictions</a></li> <li id="cite_note-ji-191"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ji_191-0">↑</a> Jesus, Interrupted: Revealing the Hidden Contradictions in the Bible (And Why We Don't Know About Them). Bart Ehrman, HarperCollins, USA. 2009. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0061173932?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-06-117393-2</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-jne-192"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-jne_192-0">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.jesusneverexisted.com/">Jesus Never Existed</a></li> <li id="cite_note-193"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-193">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cv/pch/pch70.htm">http://www.sacred-texts.com/bib/cv/pch/pch70.htm</a></li> <li id="cite_note-194"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-194">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm">Why did the majority of the Jewish world reject Jesus as the Messiah, and why did the first Christians accept Jesus as the Messiah?</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20110716072627/http://judaism.about.com/library/3_askrabbi_o/bl_simmons_messiah3.htm">Naka-arkibo</a> 2011-07-16 sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. by Rabbi <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Shraga_Simmons&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Shraga Simmons (hindi pa naisusulat)">Shraga Simmons</a> (about.com)</li> <li id="cite_note-195"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-195">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite id="CITEREFMichoel_Drazin1990" class="citation book cs1">Michoel Drazin (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.drazin.com">Their Hollow Inheritance. A Comprehensive Refutation of Christian Missionaries</a>. Gefen Publishing House, Ltd. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/965-229-070-X?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Natatangi:Mga pinagmulang aklat/965-229-070-X"><bdi>965-229-070-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Their+Hollow+Inheritance.+A+Comprehensive+Refutation+of+Christian+Missionaries&rft.pub=Gefen+Publishing+House%2C+Ltd.&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=965-229-070-X&rft.au=Michoel+Drazin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.drazin.com&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-196"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-196">↑</a> Troki, Isaac. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://faithstrengthened.org/FS_TOC.html">"Faith Strengthened"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20070929141607/http://faithstrengthened.org/FS_TOC.html">Naka-arkibo</a> 2007-09-29 sa <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Wayback_Machine?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>..</li> <li id="cite_note-autogenerated1-197"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-autogenerated1_197-0">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://archive.today/20020624174607/http://www.messiahtruth.com/isa714b.html">"The Jewish Perspective on Isaiah 7:14"</a>. Messiahtruth.com. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.messiahtruth.com/isa714b.html">orihinal</a> noong 2002-06-24. Nakuha noong 2009-04-11.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Jewish+Perspective+on+Isaiah+7%3A14&rft.pub=Messiahtruth.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.messiahtruth.com%2Fisa714b.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-198"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-198">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.outreachjudaism.org/FAQ">http://www.outreachjudaism.org/FAQ</a></li> <li id="cite_note-May_Metzger_Mark-199"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-May_Metzger_Mark_199-0">↑</a> May, Herbert G. and Bruce M. Metzger. The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocrypha. 1977. "Mark" p. 1213-1239</li> <li id="cite_note-ActJBirth-200">↑ <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ActJBirth_200-0">199.0</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-ActJBirth_200-1">199.1</a> <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Robert_W._Funk&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Robert W. Funk (hindi pa naisusulat)">Funk, Robert W.</a> and the <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Jesus_Seminar&action=edit&redlink=1&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="new" title="Jesus Seminar (hindi pa naisusulat)">Jesus Seminar</a>. The acts of Jesus: the search for the authentic deeds of Jesus. HarperSanFrancisco. 1998. "Birth & Infancy Stories" p. 497-526.</li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-201">↑</a> Aland, Kurt; Barbara Aland (1995). The Text of The New Testament: An Introduction to the Critical Editions and to the Theory and Practice of Modern Textual Criticism. Translated by Erroll F. Rhodes (2nd ed. ed.). Grand Rapids, MI: Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. pp. 40f, 72f. <a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Natatangi:Mga_pinagmulang_aklat/0802840981?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-8028-4098-1</a>.</li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-202">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://books.google.com/books?hl%3Den%26lr%3D%26id%3DsMNbcU7UnywC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA323%26dq%3DChristianity%2Bantisemitism%2B%2522violent%2Breligion%2522%26ots%3D966PvtELST%26sig%3D3xQZzU0CteLD6jDjf85-hKO-u3w%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse">International encyclopedia of violence research, Volume 2</a>. Springer. 2003.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=International+encyclopedia+of+violence+research%2C+Volume+2&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fhl%3Den%26lr%3D%26id%3DsMNbcU7UnywC%26oi%3Dfnd%26pg%3DPA323%26dq%3DChristianity%2Bantisemitism%2B%2522violent%2Breligion%2522%26ots%3D966PvtELST%26sig%3D3xQZzU0CteLD6jDjf85-hKO-u3w%23v%3Donepage%26q%26f%3Dfalse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_book?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-203">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/history/slavery_1.shtml">http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/christianity/history/slavery_1.shtml</a></li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-204">↑</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_scandals_involving_evangelical_Christians" class="extiw" title="en:List of scandals involving evangelical Christians">List of scandals involving evangelical Christians</a></li> <li id="cite_note-205"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-205">↑</a> <a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Criticism_of_christianity" class="extiw" title="en:Criticism of christianity">Criticism of Christianity</a></li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-206">↑</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://www.bir.gov.ph/legalmatters/8757.htm">Tax Exemption on Churches, Bureau of Internal Revenue</a></li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kristiyanismo?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB#cite_ref-207">↑</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r2132731"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://web.archive.org/web/20120301152850/http://atheism.about.com/od/churchestaxexemptions/a/whyitmatters.htm">"Archive copy"</a>. Inarkibo mula sa <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=http://atheism.about.com/od/churchestaxexemptions/a/whyitmatters.htm">orihinal</a> noong 2012-03-01. Nakuha noong 2011-11-20.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Archive+copy&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fatheism.about.com%2Fod%2Fchurchestaxexemptions%2Fa%2Fwhyitmatters.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Ftl.wikipedia.org%3AKristiyanismo" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Padron:Cite_web?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Padron:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_archived_copy_as_title?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: archived copy as title">link</a>) CS1 maint: date auto-translated (<a href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/wiki/Kategorya:CS1_maint:_date_auto-translated?_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB" title="Kategorya:CS1 maint: date auto-translated">link</a>)</li> </ol> </div> <div 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id="page-secondary-actions"> </div> </main> <footer class="mw-footer minerva-footer" role="contentinfo"><a class="last-modified-bar" href="https://tl-m-wikipedia-org.translate.goog/w/index.php?title=Kristiyanismo&action=history&_x_tr_sl=auto&_x_tr_tl=en&_x_tr_hl=en-GB"> <div class="post-content last-modified-bar__content"> Huling binago noong 14 Hunyo 2024, sa oras na 13:41. </div></a> <div class="post-content footer-content"> <div id="mw-data-after-content"> <div class="read-more-container"></div> </div> <div id="p-lang"> <h4>Mga wika</h4> <section> <ul id="p-variants" class="minerva-languages"></ul> <ul class="minerva-languages"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2590%25D2%259B%25D1%258C%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D1%2581%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0" title="Ақьырсианра – Abkhazian" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ақьырсианра" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhazian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Аԥсшәа</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Чыристан дин – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Чыристан дин" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Christendom" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christentum" title="Christentum – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Christentum" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-alt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://alt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD_%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D2%25A5" title="Христиан јаҥ – Southern Altai" lang="alt" hreflang="alt" data-title="Христиан јаҥ" data-language-autonym="Алтай тил" data-language-local-name="Southern Altai" class="interlanguage-link-target">Алтай тил</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%2589%25B5%25E1%258A%2593" title="ክርስትና – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ክርስትና" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Cristianismo" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%25C4%25ABstend%25C5%258Dm" title="Crīstendōm – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Crīstendōm" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ænglisc</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ann mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ann.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristien" title="Kiristien – Obolo" lang="ann" hreflang="ann" data-title="Kiristien" data-language-autonym="Obolo" data-language-local-name="Obolo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Obolo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ईसाई धर्म – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ईसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25A7%25D9%2584%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="المسيحية – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="المسيحية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DC%25A1%25DC%25AB%25DC%259D%25DC%259A%25DC%259D%25DC%2598%25DC%25AC%25DC%2590" title="ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܫܝܚܝܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target">ܐܪܡܝܐ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25A9" title="مسيحية – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مسيحية" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D9%2587" title="مسيحيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="مسيحيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A7%2580%25E0%25A6%25B7%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25BE%25E0%25A6%25A8_%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A7%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE" title="খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম – Assamese" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="খ্ৰীষ্টান ধৰ্ম" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">অসমীয়া</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismu" title="Cristianismu – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cristianismu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25B1_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Насранияб дин – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Насранияб дин" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target">Авар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristeva" title="Kristeva – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Kristeva" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ईसाई धर्म – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ईसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">अवधी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristianl%25C4%25B1q" title="Xristianlıq – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Xristianlıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="مسیحیت – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D2%25A1" title="Христианлыҡ – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Христианлыҡ" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Kristen" title="Agama Kristen – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Agama Kristen" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristndum" title="Kristndum – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Kristndum" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C4%2597k%25C5%25A1tiuon%25C4%25ABb%25C4%2597" title="Krėkštiuonībė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Krėkštiuonībė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bbc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bbc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Batak Toba" lang="bbc" hreflang="bbc" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Batak Toba" data-language-local-name="Batak Toba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Toba</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianismo" title="Kristianismo – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Kristianismo" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Хрысціянства – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Хрысціянства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%258C%25D1%2586%25D1%2596%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25B0" title="Хрысьціянства – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Хрысьціянства" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Християнство – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Християнство" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ईसाई धर्म – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="ईसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristaniti" title="Kristaniti – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="Kristaniti" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karistin" title="Karistin – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Karistin" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Banjar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-blk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://blk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2582%258F" title="ခရိယာန်ႏဘာႏသာႏ – Pa'O" lang="blk" hreflang="blk" data-title="ခရိယာန်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-autonym="ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ" data-language-local-name="Pa'O" class="interlanguage-link-target">ပအိုဝ်ႏဘာႏသာႏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A6%2596%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A6%25BF%25E0%25A6%25B8%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%259F%25E0%25A6%25A7%25E0%25A6%25B0%25E0%25A7%258D%25E0%25A6%25AE" title="খ্রিস্টধর্ম – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="খ্রিস্টধর্ম" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BD%25A1%25E0%25BD%25BA%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A4%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%25A0%25E0%25BD%25B2%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%2586%25E0%25BD%25BC%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258B%25E0%25BD%25A3%25E0%25BD%25B4%25E0%25BD%2582%25E0%25BD%25A6%25E0%25BC%258D" title="ཡེ་ཤུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཡེ་ཤུའི་ཆོས་ལུགས།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristeniezh" title="Kristeniezh – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Kristeniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587anstvo" title="Kršćanstvo – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Kršćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karisten" title="Karisten – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Karisten" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target">Batak Mandailing</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D1%2581%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0%25D0%25B6%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD" title="Христосой шажан – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Христосой шажан" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cristianisme" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%25C4%25AD-d%25C3%25B3k-g%25C3%25A1u" title="Gĭ-dók-gáu – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gĭ-dók-gáu" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259D%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BB%25D0%25BB%25D0%25B0" title="Насаралла – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Насаралла" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Kristiyanismo" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25DB%2595%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25DB%258C%25DB%2595%25D8%25AA" title="مەسیحییەت – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="مەسیحییەت" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisimu" title="Cristianisimu – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Cristianisimu" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristianl%25C4%25B1q" title="Hristianlıq – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Hristianlıq" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C5%2599es%25C5%25A5anstv%25C3%25AD" title="Křesťanství – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Křesťanství" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D1%2597%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2597%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Хрїстїаньство – Church Slavic" lang="cu" hreflang="cu" data-title="Хрїстїаньство" data-language-autonym="Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ" data-language-local-name="Church Slavic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Словѣньскъ / ⰔⰎⰑⰂⰡⰐⰠⰔⰍⰟ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25C4%2583%25D1%2585" title="Христианлăх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Христианлăх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target">Чӑвашла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristnogaeth" title="Cristnogaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Cristnogaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Kristendom" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristatali" title="Kristatali – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="Kristatali" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christentum" title="Christentum – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Christentum" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-din mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://din.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25ABr%25C3%25ABth%25C3%25A4nu%25C9%2594%25C9%2594i" title="Kërëthänuɔɔi – Dinka" lang="din" hreflang="din" data-title="Kërëthänuɔɔi" data-language-autonym="Thuɔŋjäŋ" data-language-local-name="Dinka" class="interlanguage-link-target">Thuɔŋjäŋ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/X%25C4%25B1ristiyaniye" title="Xıristiyaniye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Xıristiyaniye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C5%259Bes%25C4%2587ija%25C5%2584stwo" title="Kśesćijaństwo – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Kśesćijaństwo" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agama_Kristian" title="Agama Kristian – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Agama Kristian" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kadazandusun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DE%2589%25DE%25A6%25DE%2590%25DE%25A9%25DE%2580%25DE%25A9%25DE%258B%25DE%25A9%25DE%2582%25DE%25B0" title="މަސީހީދީން – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="މަސީހީދީން" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25CE%25A7%25CF%2581%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CF%2584%25CE%25B9%25CE%25B1%25CE%25BD%25CE%25B9%25CF%2583%25CE%25BC%25CF%258C%25CF%2582" title="Χριστιανισμός – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χριστιανισμός" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity – English" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Christianity" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="English" class="interlanguage-link-target">English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristanismo" title="Kristanismo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Kristanismo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cristianismo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristlus" title="Kristlus – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kristlus" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristautasun" title="Kristautasun – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Kristautasun" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismu" title="Cristianismu – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Cristianismu" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="مسیحیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristanci" title="Kiristanci – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="Kiristanci" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristinusko" title="Kristinusko – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kristinusko" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ristiusk" title="Ristiusk – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Ristiusk" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristind%25C3%25B3mur" title="Kristindómur – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kristindómur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianisme" title="Christianisme – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Christianisme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Cristianismo" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krastendoom" title="Krastendoom – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Krastendoom" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianesim" title="Cristianesim – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Cristianesim" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Furlan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Kristendom" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_Chr%25C3%25ADosta%25C3%25ADocht" title="An Chríostaíocht – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An Chríostaíocht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristianl%25C4%25B1k" title="Hristianlık – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="Hristianlık" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E6%2595%2599" title="基督教 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="基督教" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target">贛語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristyanism" title="Kristyanism – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Kristyanism" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cr%25C3%25ACosdaidheachd" title="Crìosdaidheachd – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Crìosdaidheachd" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cristianismo" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hesu_rape" title="Hesu rape – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Hesu rape" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristanvponn" title="Kristanvponn – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="Kristanvponn" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AA%2596%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AA%25BF%25E0%25AA%25B8%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25A4%25E0%25AB%2580_%25E0%25AA%25A7%25E0%25AA%25B0%25E0%25AB%258D%25E0%25AA%25AE" title="ખ્રિસ્તી ધર્મ – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="ખ્રિસ્તી ધર્મ" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target">ગુજરાતી</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Chreestiaght" title="Yn Chreestiaght – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Chreestiaght" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristanci" title="Kiristanci – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Kiristanci" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C3%25AE-tuk-kau" title="Kî-tuk-kau – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kî-tuk-kau" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A0%25D7%25A6%25D7%25A8%25D7%2595%25D7%25AA" title="נצרות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נצרות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ईसाई धर्म – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ईसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isai_Dharam" title="Isai Dharam – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Isai Dharam" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587anstvo" title="Kršćanstvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kršćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%25C5%2599es%25C4%2587anstwo" title="Křesćanstwo – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Křesćanstwo" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisyanis" title="Krisyanis – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Krisyanis" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kereszt%25C3%25A9nys%25C3%25A9g" title="Kereszténység – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Kereszténység" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25B5%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Քրիստոնեություն – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Քրիստոնեություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D5%2594%25D6%2580%25D5%25AB%25D5%25BD%25D5%25BF%25D5%25B8%25D5%25B6%25D5%25A7%25D5%25B8%25D6%2582%25D5%25A9%25D5%25AB%25D6%2582%25D5%25B6" title="Քրիստոնէութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Քրիստոնէութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Արեւմտահայերէն</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianismo" title="Christianismo – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Christianismo" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Kristian" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jaku Iban</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kekristenan" title="Kekristenan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kekristenan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Cristianisme" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efefe_Kra%25E1%25BB%258Bst" title="Efefe Kraịst – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Efefe Kraịst" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Igbo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukpiqtuaq" title="Ukpiqtuaq – Inupiaq" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Ukpiqtuaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiaq" class="interlanguage-link-target">Iñupiatun</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianidad" title="Kristianidad – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Kristianidad" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%2596%25D3%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B3%25D0%25B0%25D1%2585%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B9_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8" title="ЖӀаргахой ди – Ingush" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="ЖӀаргахой ди" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingush" class="interlanguage-link-target">ГӀалгӀай</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristanismo" title="Kristanismo – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Kristanismo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristni" title="Kristni – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Kristni" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianesimo" title="Cristianesimo – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cristianesimo" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E3%2582%25AD%25E3%2583%25AA%25E3%2582%25B9%25E3%2583%2588%25E6%2595%2599" title="キリスト教 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="キリスト教" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianiti" title="Kristianiti – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Kristianiti" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/xi%2527ojda" title="xi'ojda – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="xi'ojda" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%25A2%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="ქრისტიანობა – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ქრისტიანობა" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamasi%25E1%25B8%25A5it" title="Tamasiḥit – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tamasiḥit" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%258D%25D0%25BD%25D1%258B%25D0%25B3%25D1%258A%25D1%258D" title="Чыристэныгъэ – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Чыристэныгъэ" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C9%25A9stiyaniism" title="Krɩstiyaniism – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Krɩstiyaniism" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khwikristi" title="Khwikristi – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="Khwikristi" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tyap</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiyesu" title="Kiyesu – Kongo" lang="kg" hreflang="kg" data-title="Kiyesu" data-language-autonym="Kongo" data-language-local-name="Kongo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kongo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25C5%25A8kristiano" title="Ũkristiano – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Ũkristiano" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gĩkũyũ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25B4%25D1%258B%25D2%259B" title="Христиандық – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Христиандық" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%259E%2582%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%259A%25E1%259E%25B7%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259F%2592%25E1%259E%258F%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%25B6%25E1%259E%259F%25E1%259E%2593%25E1%259E%25B6" title="គ្រិស្តសាសនា – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="គ្រិស្តសាសនា" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target">ភាសាខ្មែរ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%2588%25E0%25B2%25B8%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25A4_%25E0%25B2%25A7%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE" title="ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಕ್ರೈಸ್ತ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25EA%25B8%25B0%25EB%258F%2585%25EA%25B5%2590" title="기독교 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기독교" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA%25D1%258A" title="Христианлыкъ – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Христианлыкъ" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Къарачай-малкъар</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25DB%258C%25D9%2596%25D8%25B3%25D9%25B2%25DB%258C%25D9%2590%25DB%258C%25D9%258E%25D8%25AA%25DA%25BE" title="عیٖسٲیِیَتھ – Kashmiri" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="عیٖسٲیِیَتھ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmiri" class="interlanguage-link-target">कॉशुर / کٲشُر</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xiristiyan%25C3%25AE" title="Xiristiyanî – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Xiristiyanî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristoneth" title="Kristoneth – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Kristoneth" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25B0%25D1%258F%25D0%25BA%25D1%2587%25D1%258B%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Машаякчылык – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Машаякчылык" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Religio_Christiana" title="Religio Christiana – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Religio Christiana" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianizmo" title="Kristianizmo – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Kristianizmo" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%25C3%25ABschtentum" title="Chrëschtentum – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Chrëschtentum" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2585%25D0%25B0%25D1%2587%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Ххачпарас дин – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ххачпарас дин" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лакку</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D0%25B0%25D1%2588%25D0%25BF%25D0%25B0%25D1%2580%25D0%25B0_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Хашпара дин – Lezghian" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Хашпара дин" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Лезги</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Cristianisme" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christend%25C3%25B3m" title="Christendóm – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Christendóm" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crestian%25C3%25AAximo" title="Crestianêximo – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Crestianêximo" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianejim" title="Cristianejim – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Cristianejim" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianesim" title="Cristianesim – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Cristianesim" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bokl%25C3%25ADsto" title="Boklísto – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Boklísto" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25BA%2584%25E0%25BA%25B4%25E0%25BA%2594%25E0%25BA%2595%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B2%25E0%25BA%25AA%25E0%25BA%25B0%25E0%25BB%259C%25E0%25BA%25B2" title="ຄິດຕະສາສະໜາ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ຄິດຕະສາສະໜາ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krik%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Dionyb%25C4%2597" title="Krikščionybė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Krikščionybė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiet%25C4%25ABba" title="Kristietība – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Kristietība" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ईसाई धर्म – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ईसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target">मैथिली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B7%25D1%2588%25D0%25B8" title="Кристозши – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Кристозши" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianisma" title="Kristianisma – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Kristianisma" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Христианлык – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Христианлык" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whakapono_Karaitiana" title="Whakapono Karaitiana – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Whakapono Karaitiana" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristen" title="Kristen – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Kristen" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%2598%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Христијанство – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Христијанство" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B4%2595%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25B0%25E0%25B4%25BF%25E0%25B4%25B8%25E0%25B5%258D%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B5%2581%25E0%25B4%25AE%25E0%25B4%25A4%25E0%25B4%2582" title="ക്രിസ്തുമതം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ക്രിസ്തുമതം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582_%25D0%25B8%25D1%2582%25D0%25B3%25D1%258D%25D0%25BB" title="Христ итгэл – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Христ итгэл" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25B1%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA" title="ခရေတ်ယာန် – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="ခရေတ်ယာန်" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target">ဘာသာမန်</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2596%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A4%25BF%25E0%25A4%25B6%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%259A%25E0%25A4%25A8_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="ख्रिश्चन धर्म – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ख्रिश्चन धर्म" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristian" title="Kristian – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Kristian" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristjane%25C5%25BCmu" title="Kristjaneżmu – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Kristjaneżmu" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristandade" title="Cristandade – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Cristandade" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%2581%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%2585%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%259A%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%2594%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2580%2598%25E1%2580%25AC%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2580%25AC" title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခရစ်ယာန်ဘာသာ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259A%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%258C%25D1%2587%25D0%25B8" title="Кристаньчи – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Кристаньчи" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C_%25D8%25AF%25DB%258C%25D9%2586" title="مسیحی دین – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="مسیحی دین" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianoyotl" title="Cristianoyotl – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cristianoyotl" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nāhuatl</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crestianesemo" title="Crestianesemo – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Crestianesemo" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Christendom" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Christendom" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2587%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A4%25BE%25E0%25A4%2588_%25E0%25A4%25A7%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25AE" title="इसाई धर्म – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="इसाई धर्म" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nia mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banua_Niha_Keriso" title="Banua Niha Keriso – Nias" lang="nia" hreflang="nia" data-title="Banua Niha Keriso" data-language-autonym="Li Niha" data-language-local-name="Nias" class="interlanguage-link-target">Li Niha</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christendom" title="Christendom – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Christendom" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendommen" title="Kristendommen – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Kristendommen" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Kristendom" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristanisme" title="Kristanisme – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="Kristanisme" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nqo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nqo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25DF%258C%25DF%259B%25DF%259F%25DF%258A%25DF%259E%25DF%25A6%25DF%258A" title="ߌߛߟߊߞߦߊ – N’Ko" lang="nqo" hreflang="nqo" data-title="ߌߛߟߊߞߦߊ" data-language-autonym="ߒߞߏ" data-language-local-name="N’Ko" class="interlanguage-link-target">ߒߞߏ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chr%25C3%25AAtchiennet%25C3%25A9" title="Chrêtchienneté – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Chrêtchienneté" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nouormand</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nso mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://nso.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekriste" title="Sekriste – Northern Sotho" lang="nso" hreflang="nso" data-title="Sekriste" data-language-autonym="Sesotho sa Leboa" data-language-local-name="Northern Sotho" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sesotho sa Leboa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianisme" title="Cristianisme – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Cristianisme" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristianskoi_usko" title="Hristianskoi usko – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Hristianskoi usko" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristaanummaa" title="Kiristaanummaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Kiristaanummaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AC%2596%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AD%2580%25E0%25AC%25B7%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%259F_%25E0%25AC%25A7%25E0%25AC%25B0%25E0%25AD%258D%25E0%25AC%25AE" title="ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ଧର୍ମ – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଖ୍ରୀଷ୍ଟ ଧର୍ମ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A7%25D1%258B%25D1%2580%25D1%258B%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25BE%25D0%25BD_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25B8%25D0%25BD" title="Чырыстон дин – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Чырыстон дин" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A8%2587%25E0%25A8%25B8%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2588_%25E0%25A8%25A7%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25AE" title="ਇਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਇਸਾਈ ਧਰਮ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianismu" title="Kristianismu – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Kristianismu" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristianismo" title="Kristianismo – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Kristianismo" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristiannime" title="Cristiannime – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Cristiannime" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kreschenitii" title="Kreschenitii – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Kreschenitii" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrze%25C5%259Bcija%25C5%2584stwo" title="Chrześcijaństwo – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Chrześcijaństwo" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%25C3%25A9sim" title="Cristianésim – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Cristianésim" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="مسیحیت – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25D9%258A%25D8%25AD%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA" title="مسيحيت – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="مسيحيت" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target">پښتو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianismo" title="Cristianismo – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Cristianismo" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiristuyuyay_i%25C3%25B1iy" title="Kiristuyuyay iñiy – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Kiristuyuyay iñiy" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristianissem" title="Cristianissem – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Cristianissem" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Rumantsch</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rmy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rmy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristiyanismo" title="Kristiyanismo – Vlax Romani" lang="rmy" hreflang="rmy" data-title="Kristiyanismo" data-language-autonym="Romani čhib" data-language-local-name="Vlax Romani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Romani čhib</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cre%25C8%2599tinism" title="Creștinism – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Creștinism" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cri%25C8%2599tinismu" title="Criștinismu – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Criștinismu" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Христианство – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Христианство" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D1%2596%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D1%2596%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Хрістіанство – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Хрістіанство" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubukirisitu" title="Ubukirisitu – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ubukirisitu" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25A4%2595%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25B0%25E0%25A5%2588%25E0%25A4%25B8%25E0%25A5%258D%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A4%25A4%25E0%25A4%25AE%25E0%25A5%258D" title="क्रैस्तमतम् – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="क्रैस्तमतम्" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Христианство – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Христианство" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sat mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sat.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25B1%25A4%25E1%25B1%25A5%25E1%25B1%259F%25E1%25B1%25B9%25E1%25B1%25AD_%25E1%25B1%25AB%25E1%25B1%25B7%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A8%25E1%25B1%259A%25E1%25B1%25A2" title="ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ – Santali" lang="sat" hreflang="sat" data-title="ᱤᱥᱟᱹᱭ ᱫᱷᱚᱨᱚᱢ" data-language-autonym="ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ" data-language-local-name="Santali" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᱥᱟᱱᱛᱟᱲᱤ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%25C3%25A8simu" title="Cristianèsimu – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Cristianèsimu" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%25C3%25A8simu" title="Cristianèsimu – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Cristianèsimu" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Christianity" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25B9%25D9%258A%25D8%25B3%25D8%25A7%25D8%25A6%25D9%258A%25D8%25AA" title="عيسائيت – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="عيسائيت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risttala%25C5%25A1vuohta" title="Risttalašvuohta – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="Risttalašvuohta" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hri%25C5%25A1%25C4%2587anstvo" title="Hrišćanstvo – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Hrišćanstvo" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2580%259E%25E1%2581%25BC%25E1%2582%2583%25E1%2582%2587%25E1%2581%25B6%25E1%2580%259B%25E1%2580%25AD%25E1%2580%2590%25E1%2580%25BA%25E1%2582%2589" title="သႃႇသၼႃႇၶရိတ်ႉ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="သႃႇသၼႃႇၶရိတ်ႉ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B6%259A%25E0%25B7%258A%25E2%2580%258D%25E0%25B6%25BB%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B7%2583%25E0%25B7%258A%25E0%25B6%25AD%25E0%25B7%2592%25E0%25B6%25BA%25E0%25B7%258F%25E0%25B6%25B1%25E0%25B7%2592_%25E0%25B6%2586%25E0%25B6%259C%25E0%25B6%25B8" title="ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ක්‍රිස්තියානි ආගම" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Christianity" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kres%25C5%25A5anstvo" title="Kresťanstvo – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Kresťanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="مسیحیت – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target">سرائیکی</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kr%25C5%25A1%25C4%258Danstvo" title="Krščanstvo – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Krščanstvo" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerisiano" title="Kerisiano – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="Kerisiano" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitendero_chechiKristu" title="Chitendero chechiKristu – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Chitendero chechiKristu" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masiixiyad" title="Masiixiyad – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Masiixiyad" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krisht%25C3%25ABrimi" title="Krishtërimi – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Krishtërimi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2588%25D1%259B%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Хришћанство – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Хришћанство" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhristu" title="Bukhristu – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Bukhristu" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendum" title="Kristendum – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Kristendum" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seeltersk</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kar%25C3%25A9sten" title="Karésten – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Karésten" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristendom" title="Kristendom – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Kristendom" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukristo" title="Ukristo – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ukristo" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krze%25C5%259Bcij%25C5%258D%25C5%2584stwo" title="Krześcijōństwo – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Krześcijōństwo" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25AE%2595%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B1%25E0%25AE%25BF%25E0%25AE%25B8%25E0%25AF%258D%25E0%25AE%25A4%25E0%25AE%25B5%25E0%25AE%25AE%25E0%25AF%258D" title="கிறிஸ்தவம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கிறிஸ்தவம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tcy mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tcy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B2%2595%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25B6%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%259A%25E0%25B2%25BF%25E0%25B2%25AF%25E0%25B2%25A8%25E0%25B3%258D_%25E0%25B2%25A7%25E0%25B2%25B0%25E0%25B3%258D%25E0%25B2%25AE" title="ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಧರ್ಮ – Tulu" lang="tcy" hreflang="tcy" data-title="ಕ್ರಿಶ್ಚಿಯನ್ ಧರ್ಮ" data-language-autonym="ತುಳು" data-language-local-name="Tulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">ತುಳು</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tdd mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tdd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25A5%259A%25E1%25A5%25A3%25E1%25A5%25B1_%25E1%25A5%2594%25E1%25A5%25A3%25E1%25A5%25B1_%25E1%25A5%2591%25E1%25A5%25A3_%25E1%25A5%2598%25E1%25A5%25A4%25E1%25A5%2596%25E1%25A5%25B3_%25E1%25A5%2595%25E1%25A5%25A3%25E1%25A5%25A2%25E1%25A5%25B1" title="ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣ ᥘᥤᥖᥳ ᥕᥣᥢᥱ – Tai Nuea" lang="tdd" hreflang="tdd" data-title="ᥚᥣᥱ ᥔᥣᥱ ᥑᥣ ᥘᥤᥖᥳ ᥕᥣᥢᥱ" data-language-autonym="ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ" data-language-local-name="Tai Nuea" class="interlanguage-link-target">ᥖᥭᥰ ᥖᥬᥲ ᥑᥨᥒᥰ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B0%2595%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25B0%25E0%25B1%2588%25E0%25B0%25B8%25E0%25B1%258D%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%25B5_%25E0%25B0%25AE%25E0%25B0%25A4%25E0%25B0%2582" title="క్రైస్తవ మతం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="క్రైస్తవ మతం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%259C%25D0%25B0%25D1%2581%25D0%25B5%25D2%25B3%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D1%2582" title="Масеҳият – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Масеҳият" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E0%25B8%25A8%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2599%25E0%25B8%25B2%25E0%25B8%2584%25E0%25B8%25A3%25E0%25B8%25B4%25E0%25B8%25AA%25E0%25B8%2595%25E0%25B9%258C" title="ศาสนาคริสต์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศาสนาคริสต์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ti mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ti.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%258A%25AD%25E1%2588%25AD%25E1%2588%25B5%25E1%2589%25B5%25E1%258A%2593" title="ክርስትና – Tigrinya" lang="ti" hreflang="ti" data-title="ክርስትና" data-language-autonym="ትግርኛ" data-language-local-name="Tigrinya" class="interlanguage-link-target">ትግርኛ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xacp%25C9%2599r%25C9%2599st%25C9%2599ti" title="Xacpərəstəti – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Xacpərəstəti" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tn mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sekeresete" title="Sekeresete – Tswana" lang="tn" hreflang="tn" data-title="Sekeresete" data-language-autonym="Setswana" data-language-local-name="Tswana" class="interlanguage-link-target">Setswana</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotu_Kristen" title="Lotu Kristen – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Lotu Kristen" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tok Pisin</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristiyanl%25C4%25B1k" title="Hristiyanlık – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Hristiyanlık" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ts mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ts.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vukreste" title="Vukreste – Tsonga" lang="ts" hreflang="ts" data-title="Vukreste" data-language-autonym="Xitsonga" data-language-local-name="Tsonga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Xitsonga</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D0%25B0%25D0%25BD%25D0%25BB%25D1%258B%25D0%25BA" title="Христианлык – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Христианлык" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tw mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://tw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristosom" title="Kristosom – Twi" lang="tw" hreflang="tw" data-title="Kristosom" data-language-autonym="Twi" data-language-local-name="Twi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Twi</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D8%25AE%25D8%25B1%25D9%2589%25D8%25B3%25D8%25AA%25D9%2589%25D8%25A6%25D8%25A7%25D9%2586_%25D8%25AF%25D9%2589%25D9%2586%25D9%2589" title="خرىستىئان دىنى – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="خرىستىئان دىنى" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D0%25A5%25D1%2580%25D0%25B8%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B8%25D1%258F%25D0%25BD%25D1%2581%25D1%2582%25D0%25B2%25D0%25BE" title="Християнство – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Християнство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D9%2585%25D8%25B3%25DB%258C%25D8%25AD%25DB%258C%25D8%25AA" title="مسیحیت – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مسیحیت" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xristianlik" title="Xristianlik – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Xristianlik" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="mga napiling artikulo, good article badge, recommended article"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%25C3%25A8zemo" title="Cristianèzemo – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Cristianèzemo" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hristanuskond" title="Hristanuskond – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Hristanuskond" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kit%25C3%25B4_gi%25C3%25A1o" title="Kitô giáo – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Kitô giáo" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christndom" title="Christndom – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Christndom" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target">West-Vlams</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Krit" title="Krit – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Krit" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crustinnisse" title="Crustinnisse – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Crustinnisse" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Walon</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristohanon" title="Kristohanon – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kristohanon" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E5%25AE%2597%25E6%2595%2599" title="基督宗教 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="基督宗教" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%2583%25A5%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%25A0%25E1%2583%25A1%25E1%2583%2598%25E1%2583%2590%25E1%2583%259C%25E1%2583%259D%25E1%2583%2591%25E1%2583%2590" title="ქირსიანობა – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ქირსიანობა" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25D7%25A7%25D7%25A8%25D7%2599%25D7%25A1%25D7%2598%25D7%25A0%25D7%2598%25D7%2595%25D7%259D" title="קריסטנטום – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קריסטנטום" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E1%25BA%25B8%25CC%2580s%25C3%25ACn_Kr%25C3%25ADst%25C3%25AC" title="Ẹ̀sìn Krístì – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ẹ̀sìn Krístì" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geidoekgauq" title="Geidoekgauq – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Geidoekgauq" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrissendom" title="Chrissendom – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Chrissendom" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E2%25B5%259C%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%258E%25E2%25B4%25B0%25E2%25B5%2599%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%2583%25E2%25B5%2589%25E2%25B5%259C" title="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵙⵉⵃⵉⵜ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E6%2595%2599" title="基督教 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="基督教" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E6%2595%2599" title="基督教 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="基督教" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki-tok-k%25C3%25A0u" title="Ki-tok-kàu – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Ki-tok-kàu" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://translate.google.com/website?sl=auto&tl=en&hl=en-GB&u=https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%25E5%259F%25BA%25E7%259D%25A3%25E6%2595%2599" title="基督教 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="基督教" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li> </ul> </section> </div> <div class="minerva-footer-logo"> <img src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" alt="Wikipedia" width="120" height="18" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> </div> <ul id="footer-info" class="footer-info hlist 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