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</li> <li id="toc-General_consensus_on_use" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_consensus_on_use"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1.3</span> <span>General consensus on use</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_consensus_on_use-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pulmonary_embolism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pulmonary_embolism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Pulmonary embolism</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pulmonary_embolism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators_(r-tPA)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators_(r-tPA)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (r-tPA)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators_(r-tPA)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Interactions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Interactions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Interactions</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interactions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Function" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Function"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Function</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Function-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Function subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Function-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Physiology_and_regulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Physiology_and_regulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Physiology and regulation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Physiology_and_regulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Synaptic_plasticity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Synaptic_plasticity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Synaptic plasticity</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Synaptic_plasticity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Genetics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Genetics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Genetics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Genetics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" 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Available in 19 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-19" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">19 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%B7_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%86%D9%88%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%86_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%86%D8%B3%D9%8A%D8%AC%D9%8A" title="منشط بلازمينوجين النسيجي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="منشط بلازمينوجين النسيجي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLAT" title="PLAT – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="PLAT" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gewebespezifischer_Plasminogenaktivator" title="Gewebespezifischer Plasminogenaktivator – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gewebespezifischer Plasminogenaktivator" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activador_tisular_del_plasmin%C3%B3geno" title="Activador tisular del plasminógeno – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Activador tisular del plasminógeno" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activateur_tissulaire_du_plasminog%C3%A8ne" title="Activateur tissulaire du plasminogène – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Activateur tissulaire du plasminogène" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Activador_do_plasmin%C3%B3xeno_tisular" title="Activador do plasminóxeno tisular – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Activador do plasminóxeno tisular" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%BD%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AE%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%BA%D5%AC%D5%A1%D5%A6%D5%B4%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%B8%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%B6%D5%AB_%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Հյուսվածքային պլազմինոգենի ակտիվատոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Հյուսվածքային պլազմինոգենի ակտիվատոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aktivator_plasminogen_jaringan" title="Aktivator plasminogen jaringan – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Aktivator plasminogen jaringan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attivatore_tissutale_del_plasminogeno" title="Attivatore tissutale del plasminogeno – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Attivatore tissutale del plasminogeno" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ткивно специфичен плазминоген активатор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ткивно специфичен плазминоген активатор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weefselplasminogeenactivator" title="Weefselplasminogeenactivator – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Weefselplasminogeenactivator" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%84%E7%B9%94%E3%83%97%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B9%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%B3%E6%B4%BB%E6%80%A7%E5%8C%96%E5%9B%A0%E5%AD%90" title="組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="組織プラスミノーゲン活性化因子" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tkankowy_aktywator_plazminogenu" title="Tkankowy aktywator plazminogenu – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Tkankowy aktywator plazminogenu" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ativador_do_plasminog%C3%AAnio_tecidual" title="Ativador do plasminogênio tecidual – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Ativador do plasminogênio tecidual" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Тканевой активатор плазминогена – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Тканевой активатор плазминогена" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Plasminogeni_aktivator" title="T-Plasminogeni aktivator – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="T-Plasminogeni aktivator" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-Plasminogeni_aktivator" title="T-Plasminogeni aktivator – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="T-Plasminogeni aktivator" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasminogenaktivator" title="Plasminogenaktivator – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Plasminogenaktivator" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%BF%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BC%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%83" title="Тканинний активатор плазміногену – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Тканинний активатор плазміногену" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a 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the breakdown of blood clots</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <table class="infobox" style="width:26.4em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold">PLAT</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png/250px-Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="156" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png/375px-Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png/500px-Protein_PLAT_PDB_1a5h.png 2x" data-file-width="1107" data-file-height="691" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Available structures</th></tr><tr><th rowspan="2" style="background-color:#c3fdb8;width:43px"><a href="/wiki/Protein_Data_Bank" title="Protein Data Bank">PDB</a></th><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee">Ortholog search: <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/pdbe/searchResults.html?display=both&term=P11214%20or%20P00750">PDBe</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/search?q=rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_name:UniProt%20AND%20rcsb_polymer_entity_container_identifiers.reference_sequence_identifiers.database_accession:P11214,P00750">RCSB</a> </span></td></tr><tr><td><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr style="background-color:#ddd;text-align:center"><th colspan="2">List of PDB id codes</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1A5H">1A5H</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1BDA">1BDA</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1PK2">1PK2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1PML">1PML</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1RTF">1RTF</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TPG">1TPG</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TPK">1TPK</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TPM">1TPM</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1TPN">1TPN</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rcsb.org/structure/5BRR">5BRR</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Identifiers</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Gene_nomenclature" title="Gene nomenclature">Aliases</a></span></th><td colspan="3" style="background:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genenames.org/data/gene-symbol-report/#!/hgnc_id/9051">PLAT</a></span>, T-PA, TPA, plasminogen activator, tissue type</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">External IDs</th><td colspan="3" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Mendelian_Inheritance_in_Man" class="mw-redirect" title="Mendelian Inheritance in Man">OMIM</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omim.org/entry/173370">173370</a>; <a href="/wiki/Mouse_Genome_Informatics" title="Mouse Genome Informatics">MGI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.informatics.jax.org/marker/MGI:97610">97610</a>; <a href="/wiki/HomoloGene" title="HomoloGene">HomoloGene</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?cmd=Retrieve&db=homologene&dopt=HomoloGene&list_uids=717">717</a>; <a href="/wiki/GeneCards" title="GeneCards">GeneCards</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.genecards.org/cgi-bin/carddisp.pl?gene=PLAT">PLAT</a>; <a href="/wiki/Orthologous_MAtrix" title="Orthologous MAtrix">OMA</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://omabrowser.org/oma/vps/ENSG00000104368">PLAT - orthologs</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 8 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 8 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg/300px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg/450px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg/600px-Ideogram_human_chromosome_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="189" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome_8_(human)" class="mw-redirect" title="Chromosome 8 (human)">Chromosome 8 (human)</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 8 (human)"><img alt="Chromosome 8 (human)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg/300px-Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg/450px-Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg/600px-Human_chromosome_8_ideogram.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1125" data-file-height="216" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 80.103329648476px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PLAT"><img alt="Genomic location for PLAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 86.1px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PLAT"><img alt="Genomic location for PLAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">8p11.21</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">42,174,718 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">42,207,709 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCh38Ensembl_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd">Gene location (<a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a>)</th></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 8 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 8 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/260px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="260" height="111" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/390px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/520px-Ideogram_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="470" data-file-height="200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chr.</a></th><td colspan="3" width="85%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">Chromosome 8 (mouse)<sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><div align="center"><div style="position: relative; width: 300px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Chromosome 8 (mouse)"><img alt="Chromosome 8 (mouse)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/300px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="58" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/450px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg/600px-Ideogram_of_house_mouse_chromosome_8.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="231" /></a></span><div style="position: absolute; left: 47.47142797618px; top: 2px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PLAT"><img alt="Genomic location for PLAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/14px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/21px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg/28px-HSR_1996_II_3.5e.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="142" data-file-height="142" /></a></span></div><div style="position: absolute; left: 53.5px; top: 19px; padding: 0;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Red_rectangle_2x18.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Genomic location for PLAT"><img alt="Genomic location for PLAT" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/Red_rectangle_2x18.png" decoding="async" width="2" height="18" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="2" data-file-height="18" /></a></span></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" rowspan="2" width="15%" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Locus_(genetics)" title="Locus (genetics)">Band</a></th><td rowspan="2" width="35%" style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">8 A2|8 11.42 cM</span></td><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Start</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">23,247,743 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">End</th><td style="background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks">23,272,860 <a href="/wiki/Base_pair" title="Base pair">bp</a><sup id="cite_ref-refGRCm38Ensembl_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-refGRCm38Ensembl-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_expression" title="Gene expression">RNA expression</a> pattern</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/">Bgee</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th><b><a href="/wiki/Human_genome" title="Human genome">Human</a></b></th><th><b><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_mouse" title="Laboratory mouse">Mouse</a> (ortholog)</b></th></tr><tr><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000104368">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">stromal cell of endometrium</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pancreatic ductal cell</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">urethra</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">vena cava</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">mucosa of urinary bladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">lactiferous duct</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">pylorus</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">gallbladder</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">left uterine tube</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">cardia</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks" style="margin:-3px"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSMUSG00000031538">Top expressed in</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><div class="plainlinks" style="margin:-12px 0px -10px 0px"><ul style="line-height:15%;margin:9px"><li style="line-height: 137%;">primary oocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">secondary oocyte</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">saccule</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">utricle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">molecular layer of cerebellar cortex</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">renal corpuscle</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">zygote</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">optic nerve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">sciatic nerve</li><br /><li style="line-height: 137%;">otic placode</li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bgee.org/gene/ENSG00000104368">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/">BioGPS</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png/250px-PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="181" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png/375px-PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/41/PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png/500px-PBB_GE_PLAT_201860_s_at_fs.png 2x" data-file-width="732" data-file-height="530" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://biogps.org/gene/5327/">More reference expression data</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible collapsed" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Gene_ontology" class="mw-redirect" title="Gene ontology">Gene ontology</a></th></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Molecular function</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008233">peptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0051219">phosphoprotein binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0008236">serine-type peptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0004252">serine-type endopeptidase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005102">signaling receptor binding</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0016787">hydrolase activity</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005515">protein binding</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Cellular component</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005737">cytoplasm</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031012">extracellular matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045177">apical part of cell</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0030141">secretory granule</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005576">extracellular region</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0009986">cell surface</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0070062">extracellular exosome</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0005615">extracellular space</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0062023">collagen-containing extracellular matrix</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0098685">Schaffer collateral - CA1 synapse</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0098978">glutamatergic synapse</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td style="background-color:#c3fdb8;font-weight:bold">Biological process</td><td style="background-color:#eee"><div class="plainlinks"> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0045861">negative regulation of proteolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0001666">response to hypoxia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0042730">fibrinolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0007596">blood coagulation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0014909">smooth muscle cell migration</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0006508">proteolysis</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0048008">platelet-derived growth factor receptor signaling pathway</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0031639">plasminogen activation</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/amigo/term/GO:0099183">trans-synaptic signaling by BDNF, modulating synaptic transmission</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center">Sources:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://amigo.geneontology.org/">Amigo</a> / <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/QuickGO/">QuickGO</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table class="collapsible" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:left"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#ddd"><a href="/wiki/Orthologs" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthologs">Orthologs</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Species</th><td><b>Human</b></td><td><b>Mouse</b></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Entrez" title="Entrez">Entrez</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=5327&rn=1">5327</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=gene&cmd=retrieve&dopt=default&list_uids=18791&rn=1">18791</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/Ensembl" class="mw-redirect" title="Ensembl">Ensembl</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/geneview?gene=ENSG00000104368;db=core">ENSG00000104368</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ensembl.org/Mus_musculus/geneview?gene=ENSMUSG00000031538;db=core">ENSMUSG00000031538</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/UniProt" title="UniProt">UniProt</a></th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P00750">P00750</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1"><span class="plainlinks"></span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/P11214">P11214</a></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (mRNA)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_033011">NM_033011</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000930">NM_000930</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_000931">NM_000931</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_001319189">NM_001319189</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NM_008872">NM_008872</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">RefSeq (protein)</th><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_000921">NP_000921</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_001306118">NP_001306118</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_127509">NP_127509</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td><td><table class="none" style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:right"><tbody><tr><th colspan="1" class="plainlinks"></th></tr><tr><td colspan="1"><p><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/viewer.fcgi?val=NP_032898">NP_032898</a></span></p></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8">Location (UCSC)</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Human&db=hg38&position=chr8:42174718-42207709">Chr 8: 42.17 – 42.21 Mb</a></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genome.ucsc.edu/cgi-bin/hgTracks?org=Mouse&db=mm0&position=chr8:23247743-23272860">Chr 8: 23.25 – 23.27 Mb</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" style="background-color:#c3fdb8"><a href="/wiki/PubMed" title="PubMed">PubMed</a> search</th><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td><td><span class="plainlinks"><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="4" style="text-align:center;background-color:#eee"><table style="padding:0;border:none;margin:0;width:100%;text-align:center"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14863048" class="extiw" title="d:Q14863048">View/Edit Human</a></td><td colspan="2" style="background-color:#eee;text-align:center"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14863049" class="extiw" title="d:Q14863049">View/Edit Mouse</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Tissue-type plasminogen activator</b>, short name <b>tPA</b>, is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> that facilitates the <a href="/wiki/Thrombolysis" title="Thrombolysis">breakdown of blood clots</a>. It acts as an <a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">enzyme</a> to convert <a href="/wiki/Plasminogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasminogen">plasminogen</a> into its active form <a href="/wiki/Plasmin" title="Plasmin">plasmin</a>, the major enzyme responsible for clot breakdown. It is a <a href="/wiki/Serine_protease" title="Serine protease">serine protease</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://enzyme.expasy.org/EC/3.4.21.68">3.4.21.68</a>) found on <a href="/wiki/Endothelial_cell" class="mw-redirect" title="Endothelial cell">endothelial cells</a> lining the <a href="/wiki/Blood_vessel" title="Blood vessel">blood vessels</a>. Human tPA is encoded by the <i>PLAT</i> gene, and has a molecular weight of ~70 kDa in the single-chain form.<sup id="cite_ref-tPA_Human_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tPA_Human-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>tPA can be manufactured using <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_DNA" title="Recombinant DNA">recombinant</a> <a href="/wiki/Biotechnology#Pharmaceutical_products" title="Biotechnology">biotechnology</a> techniques, producing types of <b>recombinant tissue plasminogen activator</b> (<b>rtPA</b>) such as <a href="/wiki/Alteplase" title="Alteplase">alteplase</a>, <a href="/wiki/Reteplase" title="Reteplase">reteplase</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tenecteplase" title="Tenecteplase">tenecteplase</a>. These drugs are used in <a href="/wiki/Clinical_medicine" class="mw-redirect" title="Clinical medicine">clinical medicine</a> to treat <a href="/wiki/Embolic" class="mw-redirect" title="Embolic">embolic</a> or <a href="/wiki/Thrombotic" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombotic">thrombotic</a> <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, but they are contraindicated and dangerous in cases of <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhagic_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhagic stroke">hemorrhagic stroke</a> and head trauma. The antidote for tPA in case of toxicity is <a href="/wiki/Aminocaproic_acid" title="Aminocaproic acid">aminocaproic acid</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Medical_uses">Medical uses</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Medical uses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>tPA is used in some cases of diseases that feature <a href="/wiki/Blood_clot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood clot">blood clots</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">stroke</a>, in a medical treatment called <a href="/wiki/Thrombolysis" title="Thrombolysis">thrombolysis</a>. The most common use is for ischemic stroke. It can either be administered systemically, in the case of acute <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a>, <a href="/wiki/Stroke" title="Stroke">acute ischemic stroke</a>, and most cases of acute massive <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>, or administered through an arterial catheter directly to the site of occlusion in the case of peripheral arterial <a href="/wiki/Thrombus" title="Thrombus">thrombi</a> and thrombi in the proximal deep veins of the leg.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivera-Bou_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivera-Bou-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ischemic_stroke">Ischemic stroke</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Ischemic stroke"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Statistics">Statistics</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Statistics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There have been 12 large scale, high-quality trials of rtPA in acute ischemic stroke. A meta-analysis of these trials concluded that rtPA given within 6 hours of a stroke significantly increased the odds of being alive and independent at final follow-up, particularly in patients treated within 3 hours. However a significant mortality rate was noted, mostly from intracranial haemorrhage at 7 days, but later mortality was not significant amongst treated and non-treated patients.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22632907_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22632907-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It has been suggested that if tPA is effective in ischemic stroke, it must be administered as early as possible after the onset of <a href="/wiki/Stroke#Signs_and_symptoms" title="Stroke">stroke symptoms</a>, given that patients present to an ED in a timely manner.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid22632907_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22632907-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid22818644_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid22818644-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many national guidelines including the AHA have interpreted this cohort of studies as suggesting that there are specific subgroups who may benefit from tPA and thus recommend its use within a limited time window after the event. Protocol guidelines require its use intravenously within the first three hours of the event, after which its detriments may outweigh its benefits. </p><p>For example, the Canadian Stroke Network guideline states "All patients with <i>disabling</i> acute ischemic stroke who can be treated within 4.5 hours of symptom onset should be evaluated without delay to determine their eligibility for treatment" with tPA.<sup id="cite_ref-CSN2010_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CSN2010-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Delayed presentation to the ED leads to decreased eligibility; as few as 3% of people qualify for this treatment.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Similarly in the United States, the window of administration used to be 3 hours from onset of symptoms, but the newer guidelines also recommend use up to 4.5 hours after symptom onset, depending on the patient's presentation, past medical history, current <a href="/wiki/Comorbidity" title="Comorbidity">comorbidities</a> and medication usage.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid19407232_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid19407232-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tPA appears to show benefit not only for large artery occlusions but also for <a href="/wiki/Lacunar_stroke" title="Lacunar stroke">lacunar strokes</a>. Since tPA dissolves <a href="/wiki/Blood_clot" class="mw-redirect" title="Blood clot">blood clots</a>, there is risk of <a href="/wiki/Hemorrhage" class="mw-redirect" title="Hemorrhage">hemorrhage</a> with its use.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid33125600_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid33125600-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid28830843_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid28830843-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Administration_criteria">Administration criteria</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Administration criteria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Use of tPA in the United States in treatment of patients who are eligible for its use, have no contraindications, and arrival at the treating facility less than 3 hours after onset of symptoms, is reported to have doubled from 2003 to 2011. Use on patients with mild deficits, of nonwhite race/ethnicity, and oldest old age increased. However, many patients who were eligible for treatment were not treated.<sup id="cite_ref-Medpage82313_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Medpage82313-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AHA82013_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AHA82013-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>tPA has also been given to patients with acute ischemic stroke above age 90 years old. Although a small fraction of patients 90 years and above treated with tPA for acute ischemic stroke recover, most patients have a poor 30-day functional outcome or die.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID_19339651_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID_19339651-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nonagenarians may do as well as octogenarians following treatment with IV-tPA for acute ischemic stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-PMID_20576948_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-PMID_20576948-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, people with <a href="/wiki/Frostbite" title="Frostbite">frostbite</a> treated with tPA had fewer <a href="/wiki/Amputation" title="Amputation">amputations</a> than those not treated with tPA.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid17576891_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid17576891-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="General_consensus_on_use">General consensus on use</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: General consensus on use"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There is consensus amongst stroke specialists that tPA is the standard of care for eligible stroke patients, and benefits outweigh the risks. There is significant debate mainly in the emergency medicine community regarding recombinant tPA's effectiveness in <a href="/wiki/Ischemic_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischemic stroke">ischemic stroke</a>. The NNT Group on <a href="/wiki/Evidence-based_medicine" title="Evidence-based medicine">evidence-based medicine</a> concluded that it was inappropriate to combine these twelve trials into a single analysis, because of substantial clinical heterogeneity (i.e., variations in study design, setting, and population characteristics).<sup id="cite_ref-NNT2013_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNT2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Examining each study individually, the NNT group noted that two of these studies showed benefit to patients given tPA (and that, using analytical methods that they think flawed); four studies showed harm and had to be stopped before completion; and the remaining studies showed neither benefit nor harm. On the basis of this evidence, the NNT Group recommended against the use of tPA in acute ischaemic stroke.<sup id="cite_ref-NNT2013_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNT2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The NNT Group notes that the case for the 3-hour time window arises largely from analysis of two trials: NINDS-2 and subgroup results from IST-3. "However, presuming that early (0-3h) administration is better than later administration (3-4.5h or 4.5-6h) the subgroup results of IST-3 suggest an implausible biological effect in which early administration is beneficial, 3-4.5h administration is harmful, and 4.5-6h administration is again beneficial."<sup id="cite_ref-NNT2013_19-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NNT2013-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indeed, even the original publication of the IST-3 trial found that time-window effects were not significant predictors of outcome (p=0.61).<sup id="cite_ref-IST-3_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-IST-3-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the UK, concerns by stroke specialists have led to a review by the <a href="/wiki/Medicines_and_Healthcare_products_Regulatory_Agency" title="Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency">Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-BBC_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BBC-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pulmonary_embolism">Pulmonary embolism</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Pulmonary embolism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Pulmonary embolism (blood clots that have moved to the lung arteries) is usually treated with <a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">heparin</a> generally followed by <a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">warfarin</a>. If pulmonary embolism causes severe instability due to high pressure on the heart ("massive PE") and leads to low blood pressure, recombinant tPA is recommended.<sup id="cite_ref-ESC2014_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ESC2014-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NICECG144_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NICECG144-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators_(r-tPA)"><span id="Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators_.28r-tPA.29"></span>Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (r-tPA)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators (r-tPA)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>tPA was first produced by recombinant DNA techniques at Genentech in 1982.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tissue-type plasminogen activators were initially identified and isolated from mammalian tissues after which a <a href="/wiki/Complementary_DNA" title="Complementary DNA">cDNA library</a> was established with the use of <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase" title="Reverse transcriptase">reverse transcriptase</a> and <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> from human melanoma cells. The aforementioned <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">mRNA</a> was isolated using antibody based <a href="/wiki/Immunoprecipitation" title="Immunoprecipitation">immunoprecipitation</a>. The resulting cDNA library was subsequently screened via <a href="/wiki/Sequence_analysis" title="Sequence analysis">sequence analysis</a> and compared to a whole <a href="/wiki/Genomic_library" title="Genomic library">genome library</a> for confirmation of specific protein isolation and accuracy. cDNA was cloned into a synthetic <a href="/wiki/Plasmid" title="Plasmid">plasmid</a> and initially expressed in <i>E. coli</i> cells, followed by yeast cells with successful results confirmed via sequencing before attempting in mammalian cells. The transformants were selected with the use of <a href="/wiki/Methotrexate" title="Methotrexate">methotrexate</a>. Methotrexate strengthens selection by inhibiting <a href="/wiki/Dihydrofolate_reductase" title="Dihydrofolate reductase">DHFR</a> activity which then compels the cells to express more DHFR (exogenous) and consequently more recombinant protein to survive. The highly active transformants were subsequently placed in an <a href="/wiki/Industrial_fermentation" title="Industrial fermentation">industrial fermenter</a>. The tPA which was then secreted into the culture medium was isolated and collected for therapeutic use. For pharmaceutical purposes, tPA was the first pharmaceutical drug produced synthetically with the use of mammalian cells, specifically Chinese hamster ovarian cells (<a href="/wiki/Chinese_hamster_ovary_cell" title="Chinese hamster ovary cell">CHO</a>). Recombinant tPA is commonly referred to as r-tPA and sold under multiple brand names.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Commercial r-tPA </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Product Name </th> <th>Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>Activase (<a href="/wiki/Alteplase" title="Alteplase">Alteplase</a>) </td> <td>FDA-approved for treatment of <a href="/wiki/Myocardial_infarction" title="Myocardial infarction">myocardial infarction</a> with ST-elevation (STEMI), acute <a href="/wiki/Ischemic_stroke" class="mw-redirect" title="Ischemic stroke">ischemic stroke</a> (AIS), acute massive <a href="/wiki/Pulmonary_embolism" title="Pulmonary embolism">pulmonary embolism</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Central_venous_access_device" class="mw-redirect" title="Central venous access device">central venous access devices</a> (CVAD).<sup id="cite_ref-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Reteplase" title="Reteplase">Reteplase</a> </td> <td>FDA-approved for <a href="/wiki/Acute_myocardial_infarction" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute myocardial infarction">acute myocardial infarction</a>, where it has more convenient administration and faster thrombolysis than alteplase. This is because it is a second generation engineered TPA, hence its half life is up to 20 minutes which allows it to be administered as a bolus injection rather than an infusion like Alteplase.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Tenecteplase" title="Tenecteplase">Tenecteplase</a> </td> <td>Indicated in <a href="/wiki/Acute_myocardial_infarction" class="mw-redirect" title="Acute myocardial infarction">acute myocardial infarction</a>, showing fewer bleeding complications but otherwise similar mortality rates after one year compared to Alteplase.<sup id="cite_ref-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rivera-Bou_et_al_2017-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Interactions">Interactions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Interactions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tissue plasminogen activator has been shown to <a href="/wiki/Protein-protein_interaction" class="mw-redirect" title="Protein-protein interaction">interact</a> with: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen_alpha_chain" title="Fibrinogen alpha chain">Fibrinogen alpha chain</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid11170397_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid11170397-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid3088041_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid3088041-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LRP1" title="LRP1">LRP1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid10632583_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid10632583-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-pmid1502153_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid1502153-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SERPINI1" class="mw-redirect" title="SERPINI1">SERPINI1</a><sup id="cite_ref-pmid12354288_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid12354288-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Function">Function</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Function"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Fibrinolysis.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fibrinolysis.svg/250px-Fibrinolysis.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="187" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fibrinolysis.svg/375px-Fibrinolysis.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Fibrinolysis.svg/500px-Fibrinolysis.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="533" data-file-height="398" /></a><figcaption>A simplified illustration demonstrates clot breakdown (<a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysis" title="Fibrinolysis">fibrinolysis</a>), with blue arrows denoting stimulation, and red arrows inhibition.</figcaption></figure> <p>tPA and plasmin are the key enzymes of the fibrinolytic pathway in which tPA-mediated plasmin generation occurs. </p><p>tPA cleaves the zymogen plasminogen at its Arg561 - Val562 peptide bond, into the serine protease plasmin.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Increased enzymatic activity causes <a href="/wiki/Hyperfibrinolysis" title="Hyperfibrinolysis">hyperfibrinolysis</a>, which manifests as excessive bleeding and/or an increase of the vascular permeability.<sup id="cite_ref-Marcos-Contreras_2016_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Marcos-Contreras_2016-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Decreased activity leads to <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypofibrinolysis" class="extiw" title="wiktionary:hypofibrinolysis">hypofibrinolysis</a>, which can result in <a href="/wiki/Thrombosis" title="Thrombosis">thrombosis</a> or <a href="/wiki/Embolism" title="Embolism">embolism</a>. </p><p>In patients with ischemic strokes, decreased tPA activity was reported to be associated with an increase in plasma P-selectin concentration.<sup id="cite_ref-pmid15916851_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pmid15916851-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Tissue plasminogen activator also plays a role in <a href="/wiki/Cell_migration" title="Cell migration">cell migration</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tissue_remodeling" title="Tissue remodeling">tissue remodeling</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Physiology_and_regulation">Physiology and regulation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Physiology and regulation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tpa_pathways_.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tpa_pathways_.png/440px-Tpa_pathways_.png" decoding="async" width="440" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tpa_pathways_.png/660px-Tpa_pathways_.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f1/Tpa_pathways_.png/880px-Tpa_pathways_.png 2x" data-file-width="1542" data-file-height="770" /></a><figcaption> In vivo mechanism of action of tPA within the fibrinolytic system. tPA can go one of three ways in the body; (1) uptaken by the liver and cleared through receptors therein, (2) inhibited by a plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI) and subsequently cleared from the liver, or (3) through the activation of plasminogen to plasmin for degradation to result in fibrin degradation product.<sup id="cite_ref-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Gravanis_2008_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gravanis_2008-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </figcaption></figure> <p>Once in the body, tPA has can cause the desired <a href="/wiki/Thrombolysis" title="Thrombolysis">thrombolytic</a> activity (see figure), or be inactivated and removed. In the bloodstream tPA has a <a href="/wiki/Half-life" title="Half-life">half-life</a> of 4 to 6 minutes.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> tPA can be bound by a plasminogen activator inhibitor, resulting in inactivation of its activity. The protein is then removed from the bloodstream by the liver. One of the specific receptors responsible for this processes is a protein known as the <a href="/wiki/LDL-receptor-related_protein-associated_protein" title="LDL-receptor-related protein-associated protein">LDL Receptor-Related Protein (LRP1)</a>, which clears tPA which is bound to the <a href="/wiki/Plasminogen_activator_inhibitor-1" title="Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1">Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 (PAI-1)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Gravanis_2008_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Gravanis_2008-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, when present in a high enough concentration to counteract the effects of plasminogen activator inhibitor, tPA can bind plasminogen, cleaving off the bound <a href="/wiki/Plasmin" title="Plasmin">plasmin</a> from it. Plasmin, another type of <a href="/wiki/Protease" title="Protease">protease</a>, can either be bound by a plasmin inhibitor, or work to degrade <a href="/wiki/Fibrin" title="Fibrin">fibrin</a> clots, which is the main therapeutic pathway.<sup id="cite_ref-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_37-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Synaptic_plasticity">Synaptic plasticity</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Synaptic plasticity"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>tPA is known to participate in some forms of <a href="/wiki/Synaptic_plasticity" title="Synaptic plasticity">synaptic plasticity</a>, in particular <a href="/wiki/Long-term_depression" title="Long-term depression">long-term depression</a> and consequently mediate some aspects of <a href="/wiki/Memory" title="Memory">memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Genetics">Genetics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Genetics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Tissue plasminogen activator is a <a href="/wiki/Protein" title="Protein">protein</a> encoded by the <i>PLAT</i> <a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">gene</a>, which is located on <a href="/wiki/Chromosome_8" title="Chromosome 8">chromosome 8</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Primary_transcript" title="Primary transcript">primary transcript</a> produced by this gene undergoes <a href="/wiki/Alternative_splicing" title="Alternative splicing">alternative splicing</a>, producing three distinct <a href="/wiki/Messenger_RNA" title="Messenger RNA">messenger RNAs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png/200px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png/300px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png/400px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_6.png 2x" data-file-width="706" data-file-height="728" /></a><figcaption>A theoretical full-length model of t-PA. The finger domain is in red, the EGF-like domain in green, the kringle 1 and 2 domains in blue and yellow respectively, and the serine protease domain in magenta.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif/220px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif/330px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif/440px-Tissue_Plasminogen_Activator_Spinning_Animation.gif 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="579" /></a><figcaption>A 360 view of t-PA showing its structure.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-refGRCh38Ensembl-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a 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a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+European+Journal+of+Neuroscience&rft.atitle=Tissue+plasminogen+activator+controls+multiple+forms+of+synaptic+plasticity+and+memory&rft.volume=12&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=1002-1012&rft.date=2000-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A22764188%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F10762331&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1046%2Fj.1460-9568.2000.00991.x&rft.aulast=Calabresi&rft.aufirst=P&rft.au=Napolitano%2C+M&rft.au=Centonze%2C+D&rft.au=Marfia%2C+GA&rft.au=Gubellini%2C+P&rft.au=Teule%2C+MA&rft.au=Berretta%2C+N&rft.au=Bernardi%2C+G&rft.au=Frati%2C+L&rft.au=Tolu%2C+M&rft.au=Gulino%2C+A&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F10762331%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ATissue-type+plasminogen+activator" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">PLAT_ plasminogen activator, tissue type [ Homo sapiens (human) ], NCBI gene database Gene ID: 5327 <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5327">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gene/5327</a></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tissue-type_plasminogen_activator&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/29/8/1151.full">History of Discovery: The Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator Story</a>, Collen, D., Lijnen, H.R.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gene.com/media/press-releases/4185/1982-07-23/tpa-produced-by-recombinant-dna-techniqu">Genentech Press Release 1982</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180913185122/https://www.gene.com/media/press-releases/4185/1982-07-23/tpa-produced-by-recombinant-dna-techniqu">Archived</a> 2018-09-13 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanheart.org/presenter.jhtml?identifier=4751">Tissue Plasminogen Activator</a> from the <a href="/wiki/American_Heart_Association" title="American Heart Association">American Heart Association</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?chanID=sa004&articleID=00055D80-04DC-12D8-BDFD83414B7F0000">Widening the Window : Strategies to buy time in treating ischemic stroke</a> - Scientific American (August 2005)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3MtWO4MGNCI">Study expands window for effective stroke treatment</a> - explained on YouTube</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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mw-gallery-traditional nochecker" style="line-height:130%"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1a5h: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO-CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR COMPLEX OF A BIS-BENZAMIDINE"><img alt="1a5h: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO-CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR COMPLEX OF A BIS-BENZAMIDINE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1a5h_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1a5h</b>: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO-CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR COMPLEX OF A BIS-BENZAMIDINE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1bda: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN SINGLE CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN COMPLEX WITH DANSYL-EGR-CMK (DANSYL-GLU-GLY-ARG CHLOROMETHYL KETONE)"><img alt="1bda: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN SINGLE CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN COMPLEX WITH DANSYL-EGR-CMK (DANSYL-GLU-GLY-ARG CHLOROMETHYL KETONE)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c6/PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1bda_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1bda</b>: CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN SINGLE CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR IN COMPLEX WITH DANSYL-EGR-CMK (DANSYL-GLU-GLY-ARG CHLOROMETHYL KETONE)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1pk2: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR KRINGLE 2 DOMAIN COMPLEXED TO 6-AMINOHEXANOIC ACID AN ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUG"><img alt="1pk2: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR KRINGLE 2 DOMAIN COMPLEXED TO 6-AMINOHEXANOIC ACID AN ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUG" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1pk2_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1pk2</b>: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR KRINGLE 2 DOMAIN COMPLEXED TO 6-AMINOHEXANOIC ACID AN ANTIFIBRINOLYTIC DRUG</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1pml: KRINGLE-KRINGLE INTERACTIONS IN MULTIMER KRINGLE STRUCTURES"><img alt="1pml: KRINGLE-KRINGLE INTERACTIONS IN MULTIMER KRINGLE STRUCTURES" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1pml_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1pml</b>: KRINGLE-KRINGLE INTERACTIONS IN MULTIMER KRINGLE STRUCTURES</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1rtf: COMPLEX OF BENZAMIDINE WITH THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR [(TC)-T-PA]"><img alt="1rtf: COMPLEX OF BENZAMIDINE WITH THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR [(TC)-T-PA]" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/33/PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1rtf_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1rtf</b>: COMPLEX OF BENZAMIDINE WITH THE CATALYTIC DOMAIN OF HUMAN TWO CHAIN TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR [(TC)-T-PA]</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1tpg: F1-G MODULE PAIR RESIDUES 1-91 (C83S) OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (T-PA) (NMR, 298K, PH2.95, REPRESENTATIVE STRUCTURE)"><img alt="1tpg: F1-G MODULE PAIR RESIDUES 1-91 (C83S) OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (T-PA) (NMR, 298K, PH2.95, REPRESENTATIVE STRUCTURE)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1tpg_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1tpg</b>: F1-G MODULE PAIR RESIDUES 1-91 (C83S) OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR (T-PA) (NMR, 298K, PH2.95, REPRESENTATIVE STRUCTURE)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1tpk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE KRINGLE-2 DOMAIN OF TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR AT 2.4-ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION"><img alt="1tpk: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE KRINGLE-2 DOMAIN OF TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR AT 2.4-ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1tpk_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1tpk</b>: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE KRINGLE-2 DOMAIN OF TISSUE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR AT 2.4-ANGSTROMS RESOLUTION</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1tpm: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE"><img alt="1tpm: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1tpm_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1tpm</b>: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 210px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="1tpn: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE"><img alt="1tpn: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg/180px-PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg/270px-PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg/360px-PDB_1tpn_EBI.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><b>1tpn</b>: SOLUTION STRUCTURE OF THE FIBRIN BINDING FINGER DOMAIN OF TISSUE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR DETERMINED BY 1H NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE</div> </li> </ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Coagulation_cascade" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Coagulation_proteins" title="Template:Coagulation proteins"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Coagulation_proteins" title="Template talk:Coagulation proteins"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Coagulation_proteins" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Coagulation proteins"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Coagulation_cascade" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation_cascade" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulation cascade">Coagulation cascade</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation_factor" class="mw-redirect" title="Coagulation factor">Coagulation factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation#Platelet_activation" title="Coagulation">Primary hemostasis<br />(platelet activation)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Von_Willebrand_factor" title="Von Willebrand factor">von Willebrand factor (vWF)</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Platelet_membrane_glycoprotein" title="Platelet membrane glycoprotein">Platelet membrane glycoproteins</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_Ib" title="Glycoprotein Ib">Glycoprotein Ib (GPIb)</a> (<a href="/wiki/GP1BA" title="GP1BA">GP1BA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GP1BB" title="GP1BB">GP1BB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IX" title="Glycoprotein IX">Glycoprotein IX (GP9)</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IIb/IIIa" title="Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa">Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa</a> (<a href="/wiki/ITGA2B" class="mw-redirect" title="ITGA2B">GPIIb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CD61" class="mw-redirect" title="CD61">GPIIIa</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Glycoprotein VI">Glycoprotein VI (GPVI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation#Contact_activation_pathway_(intrinsic)" title="Coagulation">Intrinsic pathway<br />(contact activation)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/High-molecular-weight_kininogen" title="High-molecular-weight kininogen">High-molecular-weight kininogen (HMWK)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bradykinin" title="Bradykinin">Bradykinin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prekallikrein" title="Prekallikrein">Prekallikrein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikrein" title="Kallikrein">Kallikrein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XII" title="Factor XII">Factor XII (Hageman factor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XI" title="Factor XI">Factor XI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_IX" title="Factor IX">Factor IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_VIII" title="Factor VIII">Factor VIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation#Tissue_factor_pathway_(extrinsic)" title="Coagulation">Extrinsic pathway<br />(tissue factor)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_factor" title="Tissue factor">Factor III (tissue factor)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_VII" title="Factor VII">Factor VII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation#Final_common_pathway" title="Coagulation">Common pathway</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Factor_X" title="Factor X">Factor X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_V" title="Factor V">Factor V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prothrombin" class="mw-redirect" title="Prothrombin">Prothrombin (factor II)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombin" title="Thrombin">Thrombin (factor IIa)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen" title="Fibrinogen">Fibrinogen (factor I)</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen_alpha_chain" title="Fibrinogen alpha chain">FGA</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fibrinogen_gamma_chain" title="Fibrinogen gamma chain">FGG</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrin" title="Fibrin">Fibrin (factor Ia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XIII" title="Factor XIII">Factor XIII</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulant factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antithrombin" title="Antithrombin">Antithrombin (inhibits FII, FIX, FX, FXI, FXII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_C" title="Protein C">Protein C (inhibits FV, FVIII)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_S" title="Protein S">Protein S (cofactor for protein C)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_Z" title="Protein Z">Protein Z (inhibits FX)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_Z-related_protease_inhibitor" title="Protein Z-related protease inhibitor">Protein Z-related protease inhibitor (ZPI) (inhibits FX, FXI)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_factor_pathway_inhibitor" title="Tissue factor pathway inhibitor">Tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI) (inhibits FIII)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysis" title="Fibrinolysis">Fibrinolytic factors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasminogen" class="mw-redirect" title="Plasminogen">Plasminogen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmin" title="Plasmin">Plasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_plasminogen_activator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tissue plasminogen activator">Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase" title="Urokinase">Urokinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasminogen_activator_inhibitor-1" title="Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1">Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasminogen_activator_inhibitor-2" title="Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2">Plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 (PAI-2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha_2-antiplasmin" title="Alpha 2-antiplasmin">α<sub>2</sub>-Antiplasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpha-2-Macroglobulin" title="Alpha-2-Macroglobulin">α<sub>2</sub>-Macroglobulin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carboxypeptidase_B2" title="Carboxypeptidase B2">Thrombin-activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation_activation_marker" title="Coagulation activation marker">Coagulation markers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Platelet_activation" class="mw-redirect" title="Platelet activation">Platelet activation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Platelet_factor_4" title="Platelet factor 4">Platelet factor 4 (PF4)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%CE%92-Thromboglobulin" title="Β-Thromboglobulin">β-Thromboglobulin (β-TG)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrombin_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombin generation">Thrombin generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prothrombin_fragment_1%2B2" title="Prothrombin fragment 1+2">Prothrombin fragment 1+2 (F1+2)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thrombin%E2%80%93antithrombin_complex" title="Thrombin–antithrombin complex">Thrombin–antithrombin complex (TAT)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Activated_protein_C%E2%80%93protein_C_inhibitor" title="Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor">Activated protein C–protein C inhibitor (APC–PCI)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrin_generation" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrin generation">Fibrin generation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinopeptide_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrinopeptide A">Fibrinopeptide A (FpA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinopeptide_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrinopeptide B">Fibrinopeptide B (FpB)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrin_monomer" title="Fibrin monomer">Fibrin monomers (FM)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysis" title="Fibrinolysis">Fibrinolysis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasmin-%CE%B12-antiplasmin_complex" title="Plasmin-α2-antiplasmin complex">Plasmin-α<sub>2</sub>-antiplasmin complex (PAP)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/D-Dimer" class="mw-redirect" title="D-Dimer">D-Dimer (DD)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Antithrombotics_(thrombolytics,_anticoagulants_and_antiplatelet_drugs)_(B01)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Antithrombotics" title="Template:Antithrombotics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Antithrombotics" title="Template talk:Antithrombotics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Antithrombotics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Antithrombotics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Antithrombotics_(thrombolytics,_anticoagulants_and_antiplatelet_drugs)_(B01)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Antithrombotic" title="Antithrombotic">Antithrombotics</a> (<a href="/wiki/Thrombolytic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombolytic drug">thrombolytics</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">anticoagulants</a> and <a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug" title="Antiplatelet drug">antiplatelet drugs</a>) (<a href="/wiki/ATC_code_B01" title="ATC code B01">B01</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Antiplatelet_drug" title="Antiplatelet drug">Antiplatelet drugs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Glycoprotein_IIb/IIIa_inhibitors" title="Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors">Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abciximab" title="Abciximab">Abciximab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eptifibatide" title="Eptifibatide">Eptifibatide</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Orbofiban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Orbofiban (page does not exist)">Orbofiban</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Roxifiban&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Roxifiban (page does not exist)">Roxifiban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sibrafiban" title="Sibrafiban">Sibrafiban</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tirofiban" title="Tirofiban">Tirofiban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/P2Y12" title="P2Y12">ADP receptor/P2Y<sub>12</sub></a> <a href="/wiki/Adenosine_diphosphate_receptor_inhibitor" title="Adenosine diphosphate receptor inhibitor">inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thienopyridine" title="Thienopyridine">Thienopyridines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clopidogrel" title="Clopidogrel">Clopidogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prasugrel" title="Prasugrel">Prasugrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticlopidine" title="Ticlopidine">Ticlopidine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucleotide" title="Nucleotide">Nucleotide</a>/<a href="/wiki/Nucleoside" title="Nucleoside">nucleoside</a> analogs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cangrelor" title="Cangrelor">Cangrelor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elinogrel" title="Elinogrel">Elinogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ticagrelor" title="Ticagrelor">Ticagrelor</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Prostaglandin_analogue" title="Prostaglandin analogue">Prostaglandin analogue</a> (<a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">PGI2</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beraprost" title="Beraprost">Beraprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iloprost" title="Iloprost">Iloprost</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostacyclin" title="Prostacyclin">Prostacyclin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treprostinil" title="Treprostinil">Treprostinil</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanism_of_action_of_aspirin" title="Mechanism of action of aspirin">COX inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aspirin" title="Aspirin">Acetylsalicylic acid/Aspirin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aloxiprin" title="Aloxiprin">Aloxiprin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carbasalate_calcium" title="Carbasalate calcium">Carbasalate calcium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indobufen" title="Indobufen">Indobufen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflusal" title="Triflusal">Triflusal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane inhibitors">Thromboxane inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_synthase_inhibitors" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane synthase inhibitors">Thromboxane synthase inhibitors</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dipyridamole" title="Dipyridamole">Dipyridamole</a> (<a href="/wiki/Acetylsalicylic_acid/dipyridamole" title="Acetylsalicylic acid/dipyridamole">+ aspirin</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picotamide" title="Picotamide">Picotamide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thromboxane_receptor_antagonist" class="mw-redirect" title="Thromboxane receptor antagonist">Receptor antagonists</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Terbogrel" title="Terbogrel">Terbogrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terutroban" title="Terutroban">Terutroban</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Phosphodiesterase_inhibitor" title="Phosphodiesterase inhibitor">Phosphodiesterase inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cilostazol" title="Cilostazol">Cilostazol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dipyridamole" title="Dipyridamole">Dipyridamole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triflusal" title="Triflusal">Triflusal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cloricromen" title="Cloricromen">Cloricromen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ditazole" title="Ditazole">Ditazole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vorapaxar" title="Vorapaxar">Vorapaxar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Anticoagulants</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Vitamin_K_antagonist" title="Vitamin K antagonist">Vitamin K antagonists</a><br />(inhibit <a href="/wiki/Thrombin" title="Thrombin">II</a>, <a href="/wiki/Factor_VII" title="Factor VII">VII</a>, <a href="/wiki/Factor_IX" title="Factor IX">IX</a>, <a href="/wiki/Factor_X" title="Factor X">X</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Coumarin" title="Coumarin">Coumarins</a>: <a href="/wiki/Acenocoumarol" title="Acenocoumarol">Acenocoumarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coumatetralyl" title="Coumatetralyl">Coumatetralyl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicoumarol" title="Dicoumarol">Dicoumarol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethyl_biscoumacetate" title="Ethyl biscoumacetate">Ethyl biscoumacetate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenprocoumon" title="Phenprocoumon">Phenprocoumon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Warfarin" title="Warfarin">Warfarin</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1,3-Indandione" title="1,3-Indandione">1,3-Indandiones</a>: <a href="/wiki/Clorindione" title="Clorindione">Clorindione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diphenadione" title="Diphenadione">Diphenadione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenindione" title="Phenindione">Phenindione</a></li> <li>Other: <a href="/wiki/Tioclomarol" title="Tioclomarol">Tioclomarol</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Factor_Xa" class="mw-redirect" title="Factor Xa">Factor Xa</a> inhibitors<br />(with some II inhibition)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Heparin" title="Heparin">Heparin</a> group/<br /><a href="/wiki/Glycosaminoglycan" title="Glycosaminoglycan">glycosaminoglycans</a>/<br />(bind <a href="/wiki/Antithrombin" title="Antithrombin">antithrombin</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Low-molecular-weight_heparin" title="Low-molecular-weight heparin">Low-molecular-weight heparin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bemiparin_sodium" title="Bemiparin sodium">Bemiparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Certoparin_sodium" title="Certoparin sodium">Certoparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dalteparin_sodium" title="Dalteparin sodium">Dalteparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enoxaparin_sodium" title="Enoxaparin sodium">Enoxaparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nadroparin_calcium" title="Nadroparin calcium">Nadroparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parnaparin_sodium" title="Parnaparin sodium">Parnaparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reviparin_sodium" title="Reviparin sodium">Reviparin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinzaparin_sodium" title="Tinzaparin sodium">Tinzaparin</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oligosaccharide" title="Oligosaccharide">Oligosaccharides</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fondaparinux" title="Fondaparinux">Fondaparinux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idraparinux" title="Idraparinux">Idraparinux</a><sup>§</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heparinoid" title="Heparinoid">Heparinoids</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Danaparoid" title="Danaparoid">Danaparoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dermatan_sulfate" title="Dermatan sulfate">Dermatan sulfate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulodexide" title="Sulodexide">Sulodexide</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct_factor_Xa_inhibitors" title="Direct factor Xa inhibitors">Direct Xa inhibitors</a> ("xabans")</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apixaban" title="Apixaban">Apixaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrixaban" title="Betrixaban">Betrixaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darexaban" title="Darexaban">Darexaban</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Edoxaban" title="Edoxaban">Edoxaban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otamixaban" title="Otamixaban">Otamixaban</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rivaroxaban" title="Rivaroxaban">Rivaroxaban</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Direct_thrombin_inhibitor" title="Direct thrombin inhibitor">Direct thrombin (IIa) inhibitors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Direct_thrombin_inhibitor#Bivalent" title="Direct thrombin inhibitor">Bivalent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Hirudin" title="Hirudin">Hirudin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bivalirudin" title="Bivalirudin">Bivalirudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desirudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Desirudin">Desirudin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepirudin" title="Lepirudin">Lepirudin</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_thrombin_inhibitor#Univalent" title="Direct thrombin inhibitor">Univalent</a>: <a href="/wiki/Argatroban" title="Argatroban">Argatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dabigatran" title="Dabigatran">Dabigatran</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Efegatran&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Efegatran (page does not exist)">Efegatran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inogatran" title="Inogatran">Inogatran</a><sup>§</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Melagatran" class="mw-redirect" title="Melagatran">Melagatran</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ximelagatran" title="Ximelagatran">Ximelagatran</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abelacimab" title="Abelacimab">Abelacimab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antithrombin" title="Antithrombin">Antithrombin III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Defibrotide" title="Defibrotide">Defibrotide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nafamostat" title="Nafamostat">Nafamostat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_C" title="Protein C">Protein C</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Drotrecogin_alfa" title="Drotrecogin alfa">Drotrecogin alfa</a><sup>‡</sup></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramatroban" title="Ramatroban">Ramatroban</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/REG1" title="REG1">REG1</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Thrombolytic_drug" class="mw-redirect" title="Thrombolytic drug">Thrombolytic drugs</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Fibrinolytic" class="mw-redirect" title="Fibrinolytic">fibrinolytics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Plasminogen_activator" title="Plasminogen activator">Plasminogen activators</a>: <a href="/wiki/Recombinant_tissue_plasminogen_activators" class="mw-redirect" title="Recombinant tissue plasminogen activators">r-tPA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alteplase" title="Alteplase">Alteplase</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reteplase" title="Reteplase">Reteplase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tenecteplase" title="Tenecteplase">Tenecteplase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Desmoteplase" title="Desmoteplase">Desmoteplase</a><sup>†</sup></li></ul></li> <li>UPA <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saruplase" title="Saruplase">Saruplase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase" title="Urokinase">Urokinase</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anistreplase" title="Anistreplase">Anistreplase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monteplase" title="Monteplase">Monteplase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptokinase" title="Streptokinase">Streptokinase</a><sup>#</sup></li> <li>Other <a href="/wiki/Serine_endopeptidase" class="mw-redirect" title="Serine endopeptidase">serine endopeptidases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ancrod" title="Ancrod">Ancrod</a><sup>‡</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brinase" title="Brinase">Brinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysin" title="Fibrinolysin">Fibrinolysin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Anticoagulant" title="Anticoagulant">Non-medicinal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Citrate" class="mw-redirect" title="Citrate">Citrate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethylenediaminetetraacetic_acid" title="Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid">EDTA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxalate" title="Oxalate">Oxalate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background: transparent; padding: 0px;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><sup>#</sup><a href="/wiki/WHO_Model_List_of_Essential_Medicines" title="WHO Model List of Essential Medicines">WHO-EM</a></li> <li><sup>‡</sup><a href="/wiki/List_of_withdrawn_drugs" title="List of withdrawn drugs">Withdrawn</a> from market</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clinical_trial" title="Clinical trial">Clinical trials</a>: <ul><li><sup>†</sup><a href="/wiki/Phases_of_clinical_research#Phase_III" title="Phases of clinical research">Phase III</a></li> <li><sup>§</sup>Never to phase III</li></ul></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Endopeptidases:_serine_proteases/serine_endopeptidases_(EC_3.4.21)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Serine_endopeptidases" title="Template:Serine endopeptidases"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Serine_endopeptidases" title="Template talk:Serine endopeptidases"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Serine_endopeptidases" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Serine endopeptidases"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Endopeptidases:_serine_proteases/serine_endopeptidases_(EC_3.4.21)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Endopeptidase" title="Endopeptidase">Endopeptidases</a>: <a href="/wiki/Serine_protease" title="Serine protease">serine proteases/serine endopeptidases</a> (<a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)#EC_3.4.21:_Serine_proteases" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">3.4.21</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Digestive_enzyme" title="Digestive enzyme">Digestive enzymes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enteropeptidase" title="Enteropeptidase">Enteropeptidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trypsin" title="Trypsin">Trypsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chymotrypsin" title="Chymotrypsin">Chymotrypsin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elastase" title="Elastase">Elastase</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neutrophil_elastase" title="Neutrophil elastase">Neutrophil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pancreatic_elastase" title="Pancreatic elastase">Pancreatic</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Coagulation" title="Coagulation">Coagulation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i>factors:</i> <a href="/wiki/Thrombin" title="Thrombin">Thrombin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_VII" title="Factor VII">Factor VIIa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_IX" title="Factor IX">Factor IXa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_X" title="Factor X">Factor Xa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XI" title="Factor XI">Factor XIa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_XII" title="Factor XII">Factor XIIa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kallikrein" title="Kallikrein">Kallikrein</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prostate-specific_antigen" title="Prostate-specific antigen">PSA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK1" title="KLK1">KLK1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK2" title="KLK2">KLK2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostate-specific_antigen" title="Prostate-specific antigen">KLK3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK4" title="KLK4">KLK4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK5" class="mw-redirect" title="KLK5">KLK5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK6" title="KLK6">KLK6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK7" title="KLK7">KLK7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK8" title="KLK8">KLK8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK9" title="KLK9">KLK9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK10" title="KLK10">KLK10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK11" title="KLK11">KLK11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK12" title="KLK12">KLK12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK13" title="KLK13">KLK13</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK14" title="KLK14">KLK14</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KLK15" title="KLK15">KLK15</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Fibrinolysis" title="Fibrinolysis">fibrinolysis</a>:</i> <a href="/wiki/Plasmin" title="Plasmin">Plasmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasminogen_activator" title="Plasminogen activator">Plasminogen activator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tissue_plasminogen_activator" class="mw-redirect" title="Tissue plasminogen activator">Tissue plasminogen activator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Urokinase" title="Urokinase">Urinary plasminogen activator</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Complement_system" title="Complement system">Complement system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Complement_factor_B" title="Complement factor B">Factor B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Factor_D" title="Factor D">Factor D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Complement_factor_I" title="Complement factor I">Factor I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mannose-binding_protein-associated_serine_protease" title="Mannose-binding protein-associated serine protease">MASP</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/MASP1_(protein)" title="MASP1 (protein)">MASP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MASP2_(protein)" title="MASP2 (protein)">MASP2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C3-convertase" title="C3-convertase">C3-convertase</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="/wiki/Immune_system" title="Immune system">immune system</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chymase" title="Chymase">Chymase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granzyme" title="Granzyme">Granzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tryptase" title="Tryptase">Tryptase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteinase_3" title="Proteinase 3">Proteinase 3/Myeloblastin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Venom" title="Venom">Venombin</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ancrod" title="Ancrod">Ancrod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Batroxobin" title="Batroxobin">Batroxobin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acrosin" title="Acrosin">Acrosin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolyl_endopeptidase" title="Prolyl endopeptidase">Prolyl endopeptidase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pronase" title="Pronase">Pronase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprotein_convertase" title="Proprotein convertase">Proprotein convertases</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Proprotein_convertase_1" title="Proprotein convertase 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proprotein_convertase_2" title="Proprotein convertase 2">2</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PRSS8" title="PRSS8">Prostasin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reelin" title="Reelin">Reelin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subtilisin" title="Subtilisin">Subtilisin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Furin" title="Furin">Furin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Membrane-bound_transcription_factor_peptidase,_site_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Membrane-bound transcription factor peptidase, site 1">S1P</a>4</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedolisin" title="Sedolisin">Sedolisin</a>/<a href="/wiki/Tripeptidyl_peptidase_I" title="Tripeptidyl peptidase I">TPP1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streptokinase" title="Streptokinase">Streptokinase</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathepsin" title="Cathepsin">Cathepsin</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cathepsin_A" title="Cathepsin A">A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cathepsin_G" title="Cathepsin G">G</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Enzymes" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Enzymes" title="Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Enzymes" title="Template talk:Enzymes"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Enzymes"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Enzymes" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Enzyme" title="Enzyme">Enzymes</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Activity</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Active_site" title="Active site">Active site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Binding_site" title="Binding site">Binding site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalytic_triad" title="Catalytic triad">Catalytic triad</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxyanion_hole" title="Oxyanion hole">Oxyanion hole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_promiscuity" title="Enzyme promiscuity">Enzyme promiscuity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diffusion-limited_enzyme" title="Diffusion-limited enzyme">Diffusion-limited enzyme</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cofactor_(biochemistry)" title="Cofactor (biochemistry)">Cofactor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_catalysis" title="Enzyme catalysis">Enzyme catalysis</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Regulation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Allosteric_regulation" title="Allosteric regulation">Allosteric regulation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cooperativity" title="Cooperativity">Cooperativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor" title="Enzyme inhibitor">Enzyme inhibitor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_activator" title="Enzyme activator">Enzyme activator</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_Commission_number" title="Enzyme Commission number">EC number</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_superfamily" title="Protein superfamily">Enzyme superfamily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protein_family" title="Protein family">Enzyme family</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_enzymes" title="List of enzymes">List of enzymes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Kinetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Enzyme_kinetics" title="Enzyme kinetics">Enzyme kinetics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eadie%E2%80%93Hofstee_diagram" title="Eadie–Hofstee diagram">Eadie–Hofstee diagram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanes%E2%80%93Woolf_plot" title="Hanes–Woolf plot">Hanes–Woolf plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lineweaver%E2%80%93Burk_plot" title="Lineweaver–Burk plot">Lineweaver–Burk plot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten_kinetics" title="Michaelis–Menten kinetics">Michaelis–Menten kinetics</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Types</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>EC1 <a href="/wiki/Oxidoreductase" title="Oxidoreductase">Oxidoreductases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_1)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 1)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC2 <a href="/wiki/Transferase" title="Transferase">Transferases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_2)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 2)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC3 <a href="/wiki/Hydrolase" title="Hydrolase">Hydrolases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_3)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 3)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC4 <a href="/wiki/Lyase" title="Lyase">Lyases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_4)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 4)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC5 <a href="/wiki/Isomerase" title="Isomerase">Isomerases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_5)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 5)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC6 <a href="/wiki/Ligase" title="Ligase">Ligases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_6)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 6)">list</a>)</li> <li><b>EC7 <a href="/wiki/Translocase" title="Translocase">Translocases</a></b> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_EC_numbers_(EC_7)" title="List of EC numbers (EC 7)">list</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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