CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>The Bridge on the River Kwai - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"8e78af76-ae90-4a32-80c9-725e4f4c7ec5","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai","wgTitle":"The Bridge on the River Kwai","wgCurRevisionId":1258207863,"wgRevisionId":1258207863,"wgArticleId":42856,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Webarchive template wayback links","Articles with short description","Short description matches Wikidata","Use dmy dates from July 2020","Template film date with 3 release dates","Articles with hAudio microformats","Album articles lacking alt text for covers","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024","Commons category link from Wikidata", "Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata","1957 films","1957 drama films","1957 war films","1950s American films","1950s British films","1950s English-language films","1950s Japanese-language films","Films based on works by Pierre Boulle","American epic films","American war drama films","American World War II films","Anti-war films about World War II","Best British Film BAFTA Award winners","Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners","Best Film BAFTA Award winners","Best Picture Academy Award winners","British epic films","British war drama films","British World War II films","Burma Campaign films","Burma Railway","CinemaScope films","Columbia Pictures films","Films about bridges","Films about identity theft","Films about the British Army","Films based on French novels","Films based on military novels","Films directed by David Lean","Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award–winning performance","Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance", "Films produced by Sam Spiegel","Films scored by Malcolm Arnold","Films set in jungles","Films set in the 1940s","Films set in Thailand","Films set in Kanchanaburi","Films shot in Sri Lanka","Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award","Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award","Films whose director won the Best Directing Academy Award","Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe","Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award","Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award","Films with screenplays by Carl Foreman","Films with screenplays by Michael Wilson (writer)","Horizon Pictures films","Japan in non-Japanese culture","Pacific War films","Rail transport films","United States National Film Registry films","War epic films","World War II prisoner of war films","English-language war films"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName": "The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai","wgRelevantArticleId":42856,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":70000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q188718","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList", "mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.tmh.player.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.tmh.player","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp", "ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.tmh.player.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/1200px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1859"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/800px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="1239"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/640px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="991"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="The Bridge on the River Kwai - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai rootpage-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Main menu </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z">Main page</a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia">Contents</a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events">Current events</a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x">Random article</a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works">About Wikipedia</a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia">Contact us</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia">Help</a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia">Learn to edit</a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors">Community portal</a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r">Recent changes</a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia">Upload file</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"> Search </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Appearance </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class="">Donate</a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class="">Create account</a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class="">Log in</a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Personal tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en">Donate</a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"> Create account</a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"> Log in</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing">learn more</a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y">Contributions</a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Plot" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Plot"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1 Plot </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Plot-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Cast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Production" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Production"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Production </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Production-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Production subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Production-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Screenplay" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Screenplay"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Screenplay </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Screenplay-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Casting" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Casting"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Casting </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Casting-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filming" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filming"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Filming </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filming-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music_and_soundtrack" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music_and_soundtrack"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Music and soundtrack </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music_and_soundtrack-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_accuracy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_accuracy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Historical accuracy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Historical_accuracy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reception" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reception"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Reception </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reception-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Reception subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Reception-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Box_office" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Box_office"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Box office </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Box_office-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Critical_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Critical_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Critical response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Critical_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Accolades" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Accolades"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Accolades </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Accolades-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-First_TV_broadcast" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#First_TV_broadcast"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 First TV broadcast </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_TV_broadcast-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Restorations_and_home_video_releases" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Restorations_and_home_video_releases"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Restorations and home video releases </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Restorations_and_home_video_releases-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 In popular culture </div> </a> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Bibliography </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">The Bridge on the River Kwai</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 63 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-63" aria-hidden="true" > 63 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%8A_(%D9%81%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%85)" title="جسر على نهر كواي (فيلم) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جسر على نهر كواي (فيلم)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvay_%C3%A7ay%C4%B1_%C3%BCz%C9%99rind%C9%99n_k%C3%B6rp%C3%BC_(film,_1957)" title="Kvay çayı üzərindən körpü (film, 1957) – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Kvay çayı üzərindən körpü (film, 1957)" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C_%DA%86%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%B1%DB%8C%D9%86%D8%AF%D9%86_%DA%A9%D8%A4%D8%B1%D9%BE%D9%88_(%D9%81%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%85%D8%8C_%DB%B1%DB%B9%DB%B5%DB%B7)" title="کوای چایی اوزریندن کؤرپو (فیلم، ۱۹۵۷) – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="کوای چایی اوزریندن کؤرپو (فیلم، ۱۹۵۷)" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%9C_%E0%A6%85%E0%A6%A8_%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF_%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%93%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%87" title="দ্য ব্রিজ অন দ্য রিভার কাওয়াই – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="দ্য ব্রিজ অন দ্য রিভার কাওয়াই" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D1%83%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мостът на река Куай – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Мостът на река Куай" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_na_rijeci_Kwai" title="Most na rijeci Kwai – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Most na rijeci Kwai" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_pont_del_riu_Kwai" title="El pont del riu Kwai – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El pont del riu Kwai" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_p%C5%99es_%C5%99eku_Kwai_(film)" title="Most přes řeku Kwai (film) – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Most přes řeku Kwai (film)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broen_over_floden_Kwai" title="Broen over floden Kwai – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Broen over floden Kwai" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Die_Br%C3%BCcke_am_Kwai" title="Die Brücke am Kwai – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Die Brücke am Kwai" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%97_%CE%93%CE%AD%CF%86%CF%85%CF%81%CE%B1_%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BC%CE%BF%CF%8D_%CE%9A%CE%B2%CE%AC%CE%B9" title="Η Γέφυρα του Ποταμού Κβάι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Η Γέφυρα του Ποταμού Κβάι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_puente_sobre_el_r%C3%ADo_Kwai" title="El puente sobre el río Kwai – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El puente sobre el río Kwai" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_(filmo)" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai (filmo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai (filmo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D9%84_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%AE%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%87_%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A7%DB%8C" title="پل رودخانه کوای – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پل رودخانه کوای" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Pont_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Kwa%C3%AF_(film)" title="Le Pont de la rivière Kwaï (film) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Le Pont de la rivière Kwaï (film)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_ponte_sobre_o_r%C3%ADo_Kwai" title="A ponte sobre o río Kwai – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="A ponte sobre o río Kwai" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%BD%B0%EC%9D%B4%EA%B0%95%EC%9D%98_%EB%8B%A4%EB%A6%AC" title="콰이강의 다리 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="콰이강의 다리" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BF%D5%A1%D5%B4%D5%B8%D6%82%D6%80%D5%BB_%D5%94%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%B5_%D5%A3%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB_%D5%BE%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%B8%D5%BE" title="Կամուրջ Քվայ գետի վրայով – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Կամուրջ Քվայ գետի վրայով" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_na_rijeci_Kwai" title="Most na rijeci Kwai – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Most na rijeci Kwai" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/La_ponto_di_rivero_Kwai" title="La ponto di rivero Kwai – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="La ponto di rivero Kwai" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Il_ponte_sul_fiume_Kwai_(film)" title="Il ponte sul fiume Kwai (film) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Il ponte sul fiume Kwai (film)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%92%D7%A9%D7%A8_%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%A0%D7%94%D7%A8_%D7%A7%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%99" title="הגשר על הנהר קוואי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="הגשר על הנהר קוואי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AE%E1%83%98%E1%83%93%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9B%E1%83%93%E1%83%98%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94_%E1%83%99%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%98%E1%83%96%E1%83%94_(%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98%E1%83%9A%E1%83%9B%E1%83%98)" title="ხიდი მდინარე კვაიზე (ფილმი) – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ხიდი მდინარე კვაიზე (ფილმი)" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Pont_de_la_rivi%C3%A8re_Kwa%C3%AF_(fim)" title="Le Pont de la rivière Kwaï (fim) – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Le Pont de la rivière Kwaï (fim)" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tilts_p%C4%81r_Kvai_upi" title="Tilts pār Kvai upi – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Tilts pār Kvai upi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiltas_per_Kvai_up%C4%99_(filmas)" title="Tiltas per Kvai upę (filmas) – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Tiltas per Kvai upę (filmas)" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%ADd_a_Kwai_foly%C3%B3n_(film)" title="Híd a Kwai folyón (film) – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Híd a Kwai folyón (film)" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98" title="Мост на реката Квај – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Мост на реката Квај" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%93%E0%B5%BA_%E0%B4%A6%E0%B4%BF_%E0%B4%B1%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%BC_%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BF" title="ദി ബ്രിഡ്ജ് ഓൺ ദി റിവർ ക്വായി – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ദി ബ്രിഡ്ജ് ഓൺ ദി റിവർ ക്വായി" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D9%86%D9%87%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%89" title="جسر على نهر كواى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جسر على نهر كواى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%88%A6%E5%A0%B4%E3%81%AB%E3%81%8B%E3%81%91%E3%82%8B%E6%A9%8B" title="戦場にかける橋 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="戦場にかける橋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broen_over_Kwai" title="Broen over Kwai – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Broen over Kwai" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broen_over_Kwai" title="Broen over Kwai – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Broen over Kwai" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_na_rzece_Kwai_(film)" title="Most na rzece Kwai (film) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Most na rzece Kwai (film)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Ponte_do_Rio_Kwai" title="A Ponte do Rio Kwai – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="A Ponte do Rio Kwai" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podul_de_pe_r%C3%A2ul_Kwai_(film)" title="Podul de pe râul Kwai (film) – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Podul de pe râul Kwai (film)" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9" title="Мост через реку Квай – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мост через реку Квай" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%A2%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%AF_%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%92%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%BB%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%BA%E0%B7%92" title="ද බ්‍රිජ් ඔන් ද රිවර් ක්වායි – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ද බ්‍රිජ් ඔන් ද රිවර් ක්වායි" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Most_na_reki_Kwai" title="Most na reki Kwai – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Most na reki Kwai" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%86%D0%B8_%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%98_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BC)" title="Мост на реци Квај (филм) – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Мост на реци Квај (филм)" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge on the River Kwai – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="The Bridge on the River Kwai" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwai-joen_silta_(elokuva)" title="Kwai-joen silta (elokuva) – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kwai-joen silta (elokuva)" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bron_%C3%B6ver_floden_Kwai" title="Bron över floden Kwai – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Bron över floden Kwai" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%86%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%8D" title="த பிரிட்ச் ஆன் த ரிவர் க்வாய் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="த பிரிட்ச் ஆன் த ரிவர் க்வாய்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%9C%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%86%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%A6%E0%B0%BF_%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%8D" title="ది బ్రిడ్జ్ ఆన్ ది రివర్ క్వాయ్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ది బ్రిడ్జ్ ఆన్ ది రివర్ క్వాయ్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%A1%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B3%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%A7_(%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%A2%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C)" title="สะพานข้ามแม่น้ำแคว (ภาพยนตร์) – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="สะพานข้ามแม่น้ำแคว (ภาพยนตร์)" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kwai_K%C3%B6pr%C3%BCs%C3%BC" title="Kwai Köprüsü – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Kwai Köprüsü" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D1%96%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%80%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BA%D1%83_%D0%9A%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B9_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BC)" title="Міст через річку Квай (фільм) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Міст через річку Квай (фільм)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%E1%BA%A7u_s%C3%B4ng_Kwai_(phim)" title="Cầu sông Kwai (phim) – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Cầu sông Kwai (phim)" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="桂河大桥 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="桂河大桥" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%B2%B3%E6%A9%8B" title="桂河橋 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="桂河橋" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A1%82%E6%B2%B3%E5%A4%A7%E6%A1%A5" title="桂河大桥 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="桂河大桥" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188718#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c">Article</a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t">Talk</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >English </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai">Read</a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" >Tools </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai">Read</a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e">Edit</a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=history">View history</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j">What links here</a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k">Related changes</a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u">Upload file</a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages" title="A list of all special pages [q]" accesskey="q">Special pages</a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&oldid=1258207863" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page">Permanent link</a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=info" title="More information about this page">Page information</a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&id=1258207863&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page">Cite this page</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai">Get shortened URL</a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FThe_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai">Download QR code</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file">Download as PDF</a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p">Printable version</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" hreflang="en">Wikimedia Commons</a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikiquote mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" hreflang="en">Wikiquote</a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q188718" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g">Wikidata item</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1957 film directed by David Lean</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the film. For the novel, see <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_over_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge over the River Kwai">The Bridge over the River Kwai</a>. For the real bridge, see <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway#Bridge_277:_Bridge_on_the_River_Khwae" title="Burma Railway">Burma Railway § Bridge 277: Bridge on the River Khwae</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size: 125%; font-style: italic;">The Bridge on the River Kwai</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_(1958_US_poster_-_Style_A).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/220px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/330px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg/440px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1895" data-file-height="2935" /></a><div class="infobox-caption">American theatrical release poster, "Style A"</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Directed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Screenplay by</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Based on</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_over_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge over the River Kwai">The Bridge over the River Kwai</a> by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Produced by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Starring</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hawkins" title="Jack Hawkins">Jack Hawkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessue_Hayakawa" title="Sessue Hayakawa">Sessue Hayakawa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Donald" title="James Donald">James Donald</a></li> <li>Ann Sears</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Horne" title="Geoffrey Horne">Geoffrey Horne</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Cinematography</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hildyard" title="Jack Hildyard">Jack Hildyard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Edited by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taylor_(film_editor)" title="Peter Taylor (film editor)">Peter Taylor</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Music by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Production company</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="vertical-align: middle;"><a href="/wiki/Horizon_Pictures" title="Horizon Pictures">Horizon Pictures</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Distributed by</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia Pictures</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Release dates</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist film-date"> <ul><li>2 October 1957 (1957-10-02) (London-premiere)</li> <li>11 October 1957 (1957-10-11) (United Kingdom)</li> <li>14 December 1957 (1957-12-14) (United States)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; white-space: normal;">Running time</div></th><td class="infobox-data">161 minutes</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Countries</th><td class="infobox-data">United Kingdom United States<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data">English Japanese</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Budget</th><td class="infobox-data">$2.8 million<a href="#cite_note-sheldon-2">[2]</a> (equivalent to $29 million in 2022)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space: nowrap; padding-right: 0.65em;">Box office</th><td class="infobox-data">$30.6 million<a href="#cite_note-sheldon-2">[2]</a>(equivalent to $319 million in 2022)</td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/220px--The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" height="93" data-durationhint="204" data-mwtitle="The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_(1957)_-_Trailer.webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_(1957)_-_Trailer.webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="854" data-height="362" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="1280" data-height="542" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1920" data-height="814" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, vorbis"" data-width="1920" data-height="814" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="426" data-height="180" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="640" data-height="272" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/b/b0/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm/The_Bridge_On_The_River_Kwai_%281957%29_-_Trailer.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="640" data-height="272" /></video><figcaption>The film's trailer</figcaption></figure> The Bridge on the River Kwai is a 1957 <a href="/wiki/Epic_film" title="Epic film">epic</a> <a href="/wiki/War_film" title="War film">war film</a> directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> and based on the <a href="/wiki/The_Bridge_over_the_River_Kwai" title="The Bridge over the River Kwai">1952 novel</a> written by <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a>. Boulle's novel and the film's screenplay are almost entirely fictional, but use the construction of the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway" title="Burma Railway">Burma Railway</a>, in 1942–1943, as their historical setting.<a href="#cite_note-fictionalplotkwai-3">[3]</a> The cast includes <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jack_Hawkins" title="Jack Hawkins">Jack Hawkins</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Sessue_Hayakawa" title="Sessue Hayakawa">Sessue Hayakawa</a>. It was initially scripted by screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a>, who was later replaced by <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a>. Both writers had to work in secret, as they were on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a> and had fled to the UK in order to continue working. As a result, Boulle, who did not speak English, was credited and received the <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay</a>; many years later, Foreman and Wilson posthumously received the Academy Award.<a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The Bridge on the River Kwai is now widely recognized as <a href="/wiki/List_of_films_considered_the_best" class="mw-redirect" title="List of films considered the best">one of the greatest films ever made</a>. It was <a href="/wiki/1957_in_film" title="1957 in film">the highest-grossing film of 1957</a> and received overwhelmingly positive reviews from critics. The film won seven <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> (including <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a>) at the <a href="/wiki/30th_Academy_Awards" title="30th Academy Awards">30th Academy Awards</a>. In 1997, the film was deemed "culturally, historically, or aesthetically significant" and selected for preservation in the <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> by the United States <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a>.<a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> It has been included on the <a href="/wiki/American_Film_Institute" title="American Film Institute">American Film Institute</a>'s list of best American films ever made.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-8">[8]</a> In 1999, the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a> voted The Bridge on the River Kwai the <a href="/wiki/BFI_Top_100_British_films" title="BFI Top 100 British films">11th greatest British film of the 20th century</a>. <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Plot">Plot</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Plot">edit</a>]</div> In 1943, a contingent of British <a href="/wiki/Prisoner_of_war" title="Prisoner of war">prisoners of war</a>, led by <a href="/wiki/Colonel_(United_Kingdom)" title="Colonel (United Kingdom)">Colonel</a> Nicholson, arrive at a <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Japan" title="Empire of Japan">Japanese</a> prison camp in <a href="/wiki/Thailand" title="Thailand">Thailand</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Navy" title="United States Navy">United States Navy</a> <a href="/wiki/Commander_(United_States)" title="Commander (United States)">Commander</a> Shears tells Nicholson that the camp conditions are horrific. Nicholson forbids any escape attempts because headquarters ordered them to surrender. Also, the dense surrounding jungle renders escape virtually impossible. Colonel Saito, the camp commandant, informs the prisoners they will construct a railway bridge over the <a href="/wiki/Khwae_Yai_River" title="Khwae Yai River">River Kwai</a> connecting <a href="/wiki/Bangkok" title="Bangkok">Bangkok</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rangoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangoon">Rangoon</a>. Nicholson objects, citing the <a href="/wiki/Geneva_Convention_on_Prisoners_of_War_(1929)" class="mw-redirect" title="Geneva Convention on Prisoners of War (1929)">Geneva Convention</a> exempting officers from manual labour. Saito threatens to have the officers shot, but <a href="/wiki/Major_(United_Kingdom)" title="Major (United Kingdom)">Major</a> Clipton, the British medical officer, warns him there are too many witnesses. The officers are left standing in the intense heat until evening when Saito then confines them to a punishment hut. Nicholson is beaten and locked in an iron box. Shears and two other prisoners try to escape, though only Shears survives. Wounded, he wanders into a Thai village, where he is nursed back to health. He eventually recuperates in the British colony of <a href="/wiki/Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Ceylon">Ceylon</a>. The bridge construction proceeds badly due to incompetent Japanese engineering and the prisoners' slow pace and sabotage. Saito informs Nicholson he is expected to commit <a href="/wiki/Seppuku" title="Seppuku">ritual suicide</a> if the construction is not completed by the deadline. Desperate, he releases Nicholson and his officers, exempting them from manual labour. Nicholson, shocked by the poor job his men have done, orders the design and building of a proper bridge. He considers it a lasting tribute to the <a href="/wiki/British_Army" title="British Army">British Army</a>'s ingenuity but Clipton argues it is collaboration with the enemy. Nicholson's obsession drives him to volunteer his officers to work on the project. Major Warden tries to recruit Shears for a commando mission to destroy the bridge. Shears refuses, revealing he impersonated an officer in hopes of better treatment as a prisoner. He is informed that they already knew of his deception, and that he has been temporarily transferred to the British military and therefore has no choice. Warden, Shears, and two others—Chapman and Joyce—parachute into Thailand. Chapman dies on landing, and Warden is wounded in an encounter with a Japanese patrol. Khun Yai, a village chief, and a group of Thai women guide Warden, Shears, and Joyce to the river. Under cover of darkness, Shears and Joyce plant explosives at the base of the bridge towers. The first train to cross the bridge is scheduled for the following day, and Warden wants to destroy both the train and the bridge. By daybreak, however, the river level has dropped, exposing the wire leading to the detonator. Nicholson spots the wire, and he and Saito investigate as the train approaches. Nicholson pulls up the wire on the riverbank, leading them toward Joyce, who is manning the detonator. Joyce breaks cover and stabs Saito to death. Nicholson inexplicably calls to Japanese soldiers for help and attempts to stop Joyce from reaching the detonator. After Joyce is shot, Shears swims across the river to detonate the explosives, but is wounded. Recognizing Shears, Nicholson exclaims, "What have I done?" Warden fires a <a href="/wiki/Mortar_(weapon)" title="Mortar (weapon)">mortar</a>, fatally wounding Nicholson. Dazed, Nicholson stumbles towards the detonator and falls on the plunger, blowing up the bridge; the train tumbles into the river. Witnessing the carnage, Clipton exclaims, "Madness! ... Madness!" <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Cast">Cast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Cast">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Holden_and_Chandran_Rutnam_while_shooting_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai.jpeg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/William_Holden_and_Chandran_Rutnam_while_shooting_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai.jpeg/220px-William_Holden_and_Chandran_Rutnam_while_shooting_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai.jpeg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/William_Holden_and_Chandran_Rutnam_while_shooting_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai.jpeg 1.5x" data-file-width="288" data-file-height="195" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Chandran_Rutnam" title="Chandran Rutnam">Chandran Rutnam</a> and <a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> while shooting The Bridge on the River Kwai.</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;min-width: min(25em, 100%);"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/William_Holden" title="William Holden">William Holden</a> as "Commander" Shears, U.S. Navy (later <a href="/wiki/Brevet_(military)" title="Brevet (military)">Brevet</a> <a href="/wiki/Major_(rank)" title="Major (rank)">Major</a>, <a href="/wiki/Force_136" title="Force 136">Force 316</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hawkins" title="Jack Hawkins">Jack Hawkins</a> as Major Warden, <a href="/wiki/Force_136" title="Force 136">Force 316</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> as Colonel Nicholson, British commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sessue_Hayakawa" title="Sessue Hayakawa">Sessue Hayakawa</a> as Colonel Saito, Japanese commander</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Donald" title="James Donald">James Donald</a> as Major Clipton, medical officer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9_Morell" title="André Morell">André Morell</a> as Colonel Green</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Williams_(American_actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peter Williams (American actor)">Peter Williams</a> as Captain Reeves</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Boxer_(British_actor)" title="John Boxer (British actor)">John Boxer</a> as Major Hughes</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Percy_Herbert_(actor)" title="Percy Herbert (actor)">Percy Herbert</a> as Grogan</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_Goodwin_(English_actor)" title="Harold Goodwin (English actor)">Harold Goodwin</a> as Baker</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heihachiro_Okawa" title="Heihachiro Okawa">Henry Okawa</a> as Captain Kanematsu</li> <li>Keiichiro Katsumoto as Lieutenant Miura</li> <li>M.R.B. Chakrabandhu as Yai</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Horne" title="Geoffrey Horne">Geoffrey Horne</a> as Lieutenant Joyce</li> <li>Vilaiwan Seeboonreaung, Ngamta Suphaphongs, Javanart Punynchoti and Kannikar Dowklee as Siamese Girls</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Production">Production</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Production">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Screenplay">Screenplay</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Screenplay">edit</a>]</div> The screenwriters, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a> and <a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a>, were on the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">Hollywood blacklist</a> and, even though living in exile in England, could only work on the film in secret. The two did not collaborate on the script; Wilson took over after Lean was dissatisfied with Foreman's work. The official <a href="/wiki/Credit_(creative_arts)" class="mw-redirect" title="Credit (creative arts)">credit</a> was given to <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a> (who did not speak English), and the resulting Oscar for Best Screenplay (Adaptation) was awarded to him. Only in 1984 did the <a href="/wiki/Academy_of_Motion_Picture_Arts_and_Sciences" title="Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences">Academy</a> rectify the situation by retroactively awarding the Oscar to Foreman and Wilson, posthumously in both cases. Subsequent releases of the film finally gave them proper screen credit. David Lean himself also claimed that producer Sam Spiegel cheated him out of his rightful part in the credits since he had had a major hand in the script.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The film was relatively faithful to the novel, with two major exceptions. Shears, who is a British commando officer like Warden in the novel, becomes an American sailor who escapes from the POW camp. Also, in the novel, the bridge is not destroyed: the train plummets into the river from a secondary charge placed by Warden, but Nicholson (never realising "what have I done?") does not fall onto the plunger, and the bridge suffers only minor damage. Boulle nonetheless enjoyed the film version though he disagreed with its climax.<a href="#cite_note-1974ref-10">[10]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Casting">Casting</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Casting">edit</a>]</div> Although Lean later denied it, <a href="/wiki/Charles_Laughton" title="Charles Laughton">Charles Laughton</a> was his first choice for the role of Nicholson. Laughton was in his habitually overweight state, and was either denied insurance coverage, or was simply not keen on filming in a tropical location.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> Guinness admitted that Lean "didn't particularly want me" for the role, and thought about immediately returning to England when he arrived in Ceylon and Lean reminded him that he wasn't the first choice.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> William Holden's deal was considered one of the best ever for an actor at the time, with him receiving $300,000 plus 10% of the film's gross receipts.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filming">Filming</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Filming">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kitulgala-bridge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a8/Kitulgala-bridge.jpg/220px-Kitulgala-bridge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="127" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/a8/Kitulgala-bridge.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="167" /></a><figcaption>The bridge at <a href="/wiki/Kitulgala" title="Kitulgala">Kitulgala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a>, before the explosion seen in the film.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SL06kitulgala.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SL06kitulgala.jpg/220px-SL06kitulgala.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/SL06kitulgala.jpg/330px-SL06kitulgala.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f9/SL06kitulgala.jpg 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="313" /></a><figcaption>A photo of <a href="/wiki/Kitulgala" title="Kitulgala">Kitulgala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> in 2004, where the bridge was made for the film.</figcaption></figure> Many directors were considered for the project, among them <a href="/wiki/John_Ford" title="John Ford">John Ford</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Wyler" title="William Wyler">William Wyler</a>, <a href="/wiki/Howard_Hawks" title="Howard Hawks">Howard Hawks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinnemann</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Orson_Welles" title="Orson Welles">Orson Welles</a> (who was also offered a starring role).<a href="#cite_note-KwaiDirector-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-KwaiDirector2-15">[15]</a> The film was an <a href="/wiki/International_co-production" class="mw-redirect" title="International co-production">international co-production</a> between companies in <a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom" title="United Kingdom">Britain</a> and the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.<a href="#cite_note-16">[16]</a> Director David Lean clashed repeatedly with his cast members, particularly Guinness and James Donald, who thought the novel was anti-British. Lean had a lengthy row with Guinness over how to play the role of Nicholson; the actor wanted to play the part with a sense of humour and sympathy, while Lean thought Nicholson should be "a bore." On another occasion, they argued over the scene where Nicholson reflects on his career in the army. Lean filmed the scene from behind Guinness and angrily exploded when Guinness asked him why he was doing this. After Guinness was done with the scene, Lean said, "Now you can all fuck off and go home, you English actors. Thank God that I'm starting work tomorrow with an American actor (William Holden)."<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> The film was made in <a href="/wiki/Dominion_of_Ceylon" title="Dominion of Ceylon">Ceylon</a> (now Sri Lanka).<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> The bridge in the film was near <a href="/wiki/Kitulgala" title="Kitulgala">Kitulgala</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Mount_Lavinia_Hotel" title="Mount Lavinia Hotel">Mount Lavinia Hotel</a> was used as a location for the hospital.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> Guinness later said that he subconsciously based his walk while emerging from "the Oven" on that of his eleven-year-old son <a href="/wiki/Matthew_Guinness" title="Matthew Guinness">Matthew</a>,<a href="#cite_note-GuinnessWalkscene-20">[20]</a> who was recovering from <a href="/wiki/Polio" title="Polio">polio</a> at the time, a disease that left him temporarily paralyzed from the waist down.<a href="#cite_note-Guinnesspolio-21">[21]</a> Guinness later reflected on the scene, calling it the "finest piece of work" he had ever done.<a href="#cite_note-Tollestrup-22">[22]</a> Lean nearly drowned when he was swept away by the river current during a break from filming.<a href="#cite_note-PurbeckFestival-23">[23]</a> In a 1988 interview with Barry Norman, Lean confirmed that Columbia almost stopped filming after three weeks because there was no white woman in the film, forcing him to add what he called "a very terrible scene" between Holden and a nurse on the beach. The filming of the bridge explosion was to be done on 10 March 1957, in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Solomon_Bandaranaike" class="mw-redirect" title="Solomon Bandaranaike">S.W.R.D. Bandaranaike</a>, then <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Ceylon" class="mw-redirect" title="Prime Minister of Ceylon">Prime Minister of Ceylon</a>, and a team of government dignitaries. However, cameraman Freddy Ford was unable to get out of the way of the explosion in time, and Lean had to stop filming. The train crashed into a generator on the other side of the bridge and was wrecked. It was repaired in time to be blown up the next morning, with Bandaranaike and his entourage present.<a href="#cite_note-PurbeckFestival-23">[23]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_and_soundtrack">Music and soundtrack</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Music and soundtrack">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox vevent haudio"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary album" style="font-style: italic; color: inherit; background-color: gainsboro; font-size: 125%;">The Bridge on the River Kwai (Original Soundtrack Recording)</th></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header description" style="color: #202122;background-color: gainsboro"><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack_album" title="Soundtrack album">Soundtrack album</a> by <div class="contributor" style="display:inline">Various</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Released</th><td class="infobox-data published">1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recorded</th><td class="infobox-data plainlist">21 October 1957</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Music_genre" title="Music genre">Genre</a></th><td class="infobox-data category hlist"><a href="/wiki/Soundtrack" title="Soundtrack">Soundtrack</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">44:49</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_label" title="Record label">Label</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Columbia_Records" title="Columbia Records">Columbia Records</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Record_producer" title="Record producer">Producer</a></th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Various</td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable floatright" style="width:24.2em;font-size:88%;text-align:center;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em;padding:0;border-spacing:0"><caption style="font-size:115%">Professional ratings</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="col" colspan="2" style="text-align:center;color:#202122;background:#d1dbdf;font-size:100%">Review scores</th></tr><tr><th scope="col">Source</th><th scope="col">Rating</th></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/AllMusic" title="AllMusic">AllMusic</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-AllMRating-24">[24]</a></td></tr><tr><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><a href="/wiki/Discogs" title="Discogs">Discogs</a></td><td style="text-align:center;vertical-align:middle"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/11px-Star_full.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/17px-Star_full.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Star_full.svg/22px-Star_full.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/11px-Star_empty.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/17px-Star_empty.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Star_empty.svg/22px-Star_empty.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="108" data-file-height="110" /><a href="#cite_note-Discogsrating-25">[25]</a></td></tr></tbody></table> British composer <a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a> recalled that he had "ten days to write around forty-five minutes worth of music"—much less time than he was used to. He described the music for The Bridge on the River Kwai as the "worst job I ever had in my life" from the point of view of time. Despite this, he won an Oscar and a Grammy. <a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> The film's soundtrack was released on LP soon after the film (Columbia CL 1100). In 1990, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Palmer" title="Christopher Palmer">Christopher Palmer</a> arranged a concert suite for large orchestra for Arnold's 70th birthday. A memorable feature of the film is the tune that is whistled by the POWs—the first strain of the "<a href="/wiki/Colonel_Bogey_March" title="Colonel Bogey March">Colonel Bogey March</a>"—when they enter the camp.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Gavin_Young" title="Gavin Young">Gavin Young</a><a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> recounts meeting Donald Wise, a former prisoner of the Japanese who had worked on the <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway" title="Burma Railway">Burma Railway</a>. Young: "Donald, did anyone whistle Colonel Bogey ... as they did in the film?" Wise: "I never heard it in Thailand. We hadn't much breath left for whistling. But in Bangkok I was told that David Lean, the film's director, became mad at the extras who played the prisoners—us—because they couldn't march in time. Lean shouted at them, 'For God's sake, whistle a march to keep time to.' And a bloke called George Siegatz<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a> ... —an expert whistler—began to whistle Colonel Bogey, and a hit was born." The march was written in 1914 by <a href="/wiki/Kenneth_J._Alford" title="Kenneth J. Alford">Kenneth J. Alford</a>, a pseudonym of British Bandmaster Frederick J. Ricketts. For the film, Arnold wrote an accompanying <a href="/wiki/Counter-melody" title="Counter-melody">counter-melody</a> to the Colonel Bogey strain using the same chord progressions, then continued with his own "<a href="/wiki/The_River_Kwai_March" title="The River Kwai March">The River Kwai March</a>," played by the off-screen orchestra taking over from the whistlers, though Arnold's march was not heard in completion on the soundtrack (apparently for copyright reasons<a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a>). <a href="/wiki/Mitch_Miller" title="Mitch Miller">Mitch Miller</a> had a hit with a recording of both marches. In many tense, dramatic scenes, only the sounds of nature are used. An example of this is when commandos Warden and Joyce hunt a fleeing Japanese soldier through the jungle, desperate to prevent him from alerting other troops. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_accuracy">Historical accuracy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Historical accuracy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG/220px-Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG/330px-Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG/440px-Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_-_tourist_plaza.JPG 2x" data-file-width="6000" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Khwae_Noi_River" title="Khwae Noi River">River Kwai</a> railroad bridge in 2017. The arched sections are original (constructed by Japan during World War II); the two sections with trapezoidal trusses were built by Japan after the war as <a href="/wiki/War_reparations" title="War reparations">war reparations</a>, replacing sections destroyed by Allied aircraft.</figcaption></figure> The plot and characters of Boulle's novel and the screenplay were almost entirely fictional.<a href="#cite_note-fictionalplotkwai-3">[3]</a> Since it was not a documentary, there are many historical inaccuracies in the film, as noted by eyewitnesses to the building of the real Burma Railway by historians.<a href="#cite_note-gordon-31">[31]</a><a href="#cite_note-history2-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-history1-33">[33]</a><a href="#cite_note-coast-34">[34]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Burma_Railway#Conditions_during_construction" title="Burma Railway">conditions</a> to which POW and civilian labourers were subjected were far worse than the film depicted.<a href="#cite_note-cwgc-35">[35]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_War_Graves_Commission" title="Commonwealth War Graves Commission">Commonwealth War Graves Commission</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote">The notorious Burma-Siam railway, built by <a href="/wiki/Commonwealth_of_Nations" title="Commonwealth of Nations">Commonwealth</a>, Dutch and American prisoners of war, was a Japanese project driven by the need for improved communications to support the large Japanese army in Burma. During its construction, approximately 13,000 prisoners of war died and were buried along the railway. An estimated 80,000 to 100,000 civilians also died in the course of the project, chiefly forced labour brought from Malaya and the Dutch East Indies, or conscripted in Siam (Thailand) and Burma. Two labour forces, one based in Siam and the other in Burma, worked from opposite ends of the line towards the centre.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a></blockquote> Lieutenant Colonel <a href="/wiki/Philip_Toosey" title="Philip Toosey">Philip Toosey</a> of the British Army was the real senior Allied officer at the bridge in question. Toosey was very different from Nicholson and was certainly not a collaborator who felt obliged to work with the Japanese. In fact Toosey strove to delay construction. While Nicholson disapproves of acts of sabotage and other deliberate attempts to delay progress, Toosey encouraged this: <a href="/wiki/Termites" class="mw-redirect" title="Termites">termites</a> were collected in large numbers to eat the wooden structures, and the concrete was badly mixed.<a href="#cite_note-history2-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-history1-33">[33]</a> Some consider the film to be an insulting parody of Toosey.<a href="#cite_note-history2-32">[32]</a> On a BBC <a href="/wiki/Timewatch" title="Timewatch">Timewatch</a> programme, a former prisoner at the camp states that it is unlikely that a man like the fictional Nicholson could have risen to the rank of lieutenant colonel, and, if he had, due to his <a href="/wiki/Collaboration_with_Imperial_Japan" title="Collaboration with Imperial Japan">collaboration</a> he would have been "quietly eliminated" by the other prisoners.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Julie Summers, in her book The Colonel of Tamarkan, writes that Boulle, who had been a prisoner of war in Thailand, created the fictional Nicholson character as an amalgam of his memories of collaborating French officers.<a href="#cite_note-history2-32">[32]</a> He strongly denied the claim that the book was anti-British, although many involved in the film itself (including Alec Guinness) felt otherwise.<a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ernest_Gordon" title="Ernest Gordon">Ernest Gordon</a>, a survivor of the railway construction and POW camps described in the novel/film, stated in his 1962 book, <a href="/wiki/Through_the_Valley_of_the_Kwai" title="Through the Valley of the Kwai">Through the Valley of the Kwai</a>: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote">In Pierre Boulle's book The Bridge over the River Kwai and the film which was based on it, the impression was given that British officers not only took part in building the bridge willingly, but finished in record time to demonstrate to the enemy their superior efficiency. This was an entertaining story. But I am writing a factual account, and in justice to these men—living and dead—who worked on that bridge, I must make it clear that we never did so willingly. We worked at bayonet point and under bamboo lash, taking any risk to sabotage the operation whenever the opportunity arose.<a href="#cite_note-gordon-31">[31]</a></blockquote> A 1969 BBC television documentary, Return to the River Kwai, made by former POW John Coast,<a href="#cite_note-coast-34">[34]</a> sought to highlight the real history behind the film (partly through getting ex-POWs to question its factual basis, for example Dr Hugh de Wardener and Lt-Col Alfred Knights), which angered many former POWs. The documentary itself was described by one newspaper reviewer when it was shown on Boxing Day 1974 (The Bridge on the River Kwai had been shown on BBC1 on Christmas Day 1974) as "Following the movie, this is a rerun of the antidote."<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> Some of the characters in the film use the names of real people who were involved in the Burma Railway. Their roles and characters, however, are fictionalised. For example, a Sergeant-Major Risaburo Saito was in real life second in command at the camp. In the film, a Colonel Saito is camp commandant. In reality, Risaburo Saito was respected by his prisoners for being comparatively merciful and fair towards them. Toosey later defended him in his war crimes trial after the war, and the two became friends. Some Japanese viewers resented the movie's depiction of their engineers' capabilities as inferior and less advanced than they were in reality. Japanese engineers had been surveying and planning the route of the railway since 1937, and they had demonstrated considerable skill during their construction efforts across <a href="/wiki/South-East_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="South-East Asia">South-East Asia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> Some Japanese viewers also disliked the film for portraying the Allied prisoners of war as more capable of constructing the bridge than the Japanese engineers themselves were,<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> accusing the filmmakers of being unfairly biased and unfamiliar with the realities of the bridge construction, a sentiment echoed by surviving prisoners of war who saw the film in cinemas.<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a> The major railway bridge described in the novel and film did not actually cross the river known at the time as the Kwai. However, in 1943 a railway bridge was built by Allied POWs over the <a href="/wiki/Mae_Klong" title="Mae Klong">Mae Klong</a> river—renamed <a href="/wiki/Khwae_Yai_River" title="Khwae Yai River">Khwae Yai</a> in the 1960s as a result of the film—at Tha Ma Kham, five kilometres from <a href="/wiki/Kanchanaburi" title="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</a>, Thailand.<a href="#cite_note-JSummersInterview-43">[43]</a> Boulle had never been to the bridge. He knew that the railway ran parallel to the Kwae for many miles, and he therefore assumed that it was the Kwae which it crossed just north of <a href="/wiki/Kanchanaburi" title="Kanchanaburi">Kanchanaburi</a>. This was an incorrect assumption. The destruction of the bridge as depicted in the film is also entirely fictional. In fact, two bridges were built: a temporary wooden bridge and a permanent steel/concrete bridge a few months later. Both bridges were used for two years, until they were destroyed by Allied bombing. The steel bridge was repaired and is still in use today.<a href="#cite_note-JSummersInterview-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reception">Reception</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reception">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Box_office">Box office</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Box office">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_(1958_US_poster_-_Style_B).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg/220px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="342" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg/330px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg/440px-The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_B%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1891" data-file-height="2937" /></a><figcaption>American theatrical release poster, "Style B", featuring Holden.</figcaption></figure> The Bridge on the River Kwai was a massive commercial success. It was <a href="/wiki/1957_in_film" title="1957 in film">the highest-grossing film of 1957 in the United States and Canada</a> and was also the most popular film at the British box office that year.<a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>, the film earned estimated domestic box office revenues of $18,000,000<a href="#cite_note-Cobbett23-45">[45]</a> although this was revised downwards the following year to $15,000,000, which was still the biggest for 1958 and Columbia's highest-grossing film at the time.<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> By October 1960, the film had earned worldwide box office revenues of $30 million.<a href="#cite_note-47">[47]</a> The film was re-released in 1964 and earned a further estimated $2.6 million at the box office in the United States and Canada<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> but the following year its revised total US and Canadian revenues were reported by Variety as $17,195,000.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Critical_response">Critical response</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Critical response">edit</a>]</div> On <a href="/wiki/Review_aggregator" title="Review aggregator">review aggregator</a> website <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>, the film received an <a href="/wiki/Approval_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Approval rating">approval rating</a> of 96% based on 105 reviews, with an average rating of 9.4/10. The site's critical consensus reads, "This complex war epic asks hard questions, resists easy answers, and boasts career-defining work from star Alec Guinness and director David Lean."<a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a> On <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>, the film has a weighted average score of 88 out of 100 based on 15 critics, indicating "universal acclaim".<a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bosley_Crowther" title="Bosley Crowther">Bosley Crowther</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> praised the film as "a towering entertainment of rich variety and revelation of the ways of men".<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a> Mike Kaplan, reviewing for Variety, described it as "a gripping drama, expertly put together and handled with skill in all departments."<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-53">[53]</a> Kaplan further praised the actors, especially Alec Guinness, later writing "the film is unquestionably" his.<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-53">[53]</a> William Holden was also credited for his acting for giving a solid characterization that was "easy, credible and always likeable in a role that is the pivot point of the story".<a href="#cite_note-kaplan-53">[53]</a> Edwin Schallert of the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Times" title="Los Angeles Times">Los Angeles Times</a> claimed the film's strongest points were for being "excellently produced in virtually all respects and that it also offers an especially outstanding and different performance by Alec Guinness. Highly competent work is also done by William Holden, Jack Hawkins and Sessue Hayakawa".<a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine praised Lean's directing, noting he demonstrates "a dazzlingly musical sense and control of the many and involving rhythms of a vast composition. He shows a rare sense of humor and a feeling for the poetry of situation; and he shows the even rarer ability to express these things, not in lines but in lives."<a href="#cite_note-55">[55]</a> <a href="/wiki/Harrison%27s_Reports" title="Harrison's Reports">Harrison's Reports</a> described the film as an "excellent World War II adventure melodrama" in which the "production values are first-rate and so is the photography."<a href="#cite_note-56">[56]</a> Among retrospective reviews, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a> gave the film four out of four stars, noting that it is one of the few war movies that "focuses not on larger rights and wrongs but on individuals", but commented that the viewer is not certain what is intended by the final dialogue due to the film's shifting points of view.<a href="#cite_note-Ebert-57">[57]</a> <a href="/wiki/Slant_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Slant (magazine)">Slant</a> magazine gave the film four out of five stars.<a href="#cite_note-blauvelt-58">[58]</a> Slant stated that "the 1957 epic subtly develops its themes about the irrationality of honor and the hypocrisy of Britain's class system without ever compromising its thrilling war narrative", and in comparing to other films of the time said that Bridge on the River Kwai "carefully builds its psychological tension until it erupts in a blinding flash of sulfur and flame."<a href="#cite_note-blauvelt-58">[58]</a> <a href="/wiki/Balu_Mahendra" title="Balu Mahendra">Balu Mahendra</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Tamil_language" title="Tamil language">Tamil</a> film director, observed the shooting of this film at <a href="/wiki/Kitulgala" title="Kitulgala">Kitulgala</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka" title="Sri Lanka">Sri Lanka</a> during his school trip and was inspired to become a film director.<a href="#cite_note-59">[59]</a> <a href="/wiki/Warren_Buffett" title="Warren Buffett">Warren Buffett</a> said it was his favorite movie. In an interview, he said that "[t]here were a lot of lessons in that... The ending of that was sort of the story of life. He created the railroad. Did he really want the enemy to come in across it?"<a href="#cite_note-60">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Accolades">Accolades</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Accolades">edit</a>]</div> <table class="wikitable plainrowheaders"> <tbody><tr> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Nominee(s) </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="8"><a href="/wiki/30th_Academy_Awards" title="30th Academy Awards">Academy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Best Picture</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sam_Spiegel" title="Sam Spiegel">Sam Spiegel</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Academy Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Sessue_Hayakawa" title="Sessue Hayakawa">Sessue Hayakawa</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Adapted_Screenplay" title="Academy Award for Best Adapted Screenplay">Best Screenplay – Based on Material from Another Medium</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Michael Wilson (writer)">Michael Wilson</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carl_Foreman" title="Carl Foreman">Carl Foreman</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Boulle" title="Pierre Boulle">Pierre Boulle</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Cinematography" title="Academy Award for Best Cinematography">Best Cinematography</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jack_Hildyard" title="Jack Hildyard">Jack Hildyard</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Film_Editing" title="Academy Award for Best Film Editing">Best Film Editing</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Peter_Taylor_(film_editor)" title="Peter Taylor (film editor)">Peter Taylor</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Original_Score" title="Academy Award for Best Original Score">Best Original Score</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Malcolm_Arnold" title="Malcolm Arnold">Malcolm Arnold</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/11th_British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="11th British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Film" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Film">Best British Film</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Leading_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role">Best British Actor</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_British_Screenplay" title="BAFTA Award for Best British Screenplay">Best British Screenplay</a> </td> <td>Pierre Boulle </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Cinematographers#Award_categories" title="British Society of Cinematographers">British Society of Cinematographers Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Society_of_Cinematographers_Award_for_Best_Cinematography_in_a_Theatrical_Feature_Film" title="British Society of Cinematographers Award for Best Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature Film">Best Cinematography in a Theatrical Feature Film</a> </td> <td>Jack Hildyard </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/David_di_Donatello" title="David di Donatello">David di Donatello Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Foreign Production </td> <td>Sam Spiegel </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/10th_Directors_Guild_of_America_Awards" title="10th Directors Guild of America Awards">Directors Guild of America Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Directors_Guild_of_America_Award_for_Outstanding_Directing_%E2%80%93_Feature_Film" title="Directors Guild of America Award for Outstanding Directing – Feature Film">Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Motion Pictures</a> </td> <td>David Lean </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/DVD_Exclusive_Awards" title="DVD Exclusive Awards">DVD Exclusive Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Best DVD Menu Design </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Best DVD Original Retrospective Documentary/Featurette </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurent_Bouzereau" title="Laurent Bouzereau">Laurent Bouzereau</a> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="4"><a href="/wiki/15th_Golden_Globe_Awards" title="15th Golden Globe Awards">Golden Globe Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama">Best Motion Picture – Drama</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Drama" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama">Best Actor in a Motion Picture – Drama</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture">Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td>Sessue Hayakawa </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Director" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Director">Best Director – Motion Picture</a> </td> <td>David Lean </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Goldene_Leinwand" title="Goldene Leinwand">Golden Screen Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Golden Screen </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2">Golden Screen with 1 Star </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/1st_Annual_Grammy_Awards" title="1st Annual Grammy Awards">Grammy Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Grammy_Award_for_Best_Sound_Track_Album_or_Recording_of_Original_Cast_From_a_Motion_Picture_or_Television" title="Grammy Award for Best Sound Track Album or Recording of Original Cast From a Motion Picture or Television">Best Sound Track Album, Dramatic Picture Score or Original Cast</a> </td> <td>Malcolm Arnold </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Awards" title="Laurel Awards">Laurel Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Top Drama </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td>Top Male Dramatic Performance </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Awards_1957" title="National Board of Review Awards 1957">National Board of Review Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review:_Top_Ten_Films" title="National Board of Review: Top Ten Films">Top Ten Films</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Director" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>David Lean </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a> </td> <td>Sessue Hayakawa </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Preservation_Board" title="National Film Preservation Board">National Film Preservation Board</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Inducted </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/1957_New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Awards" title="1957 New York Film Critics Circle Awards">New York Film Critics Circle Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film">Best Film</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Director" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Director">Best Director</a> </td> <td>David Lean </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Actor" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Actor">Best Actor</a> </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>Online Film & Television Association Awards </td> <td colspan="2">Hall of Fame – Motion Picture </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Honored </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Sant_Jordi_Awards" title="Sant Jordi Awards">Sant Jordi Awards</a> </td> <td>Best Foreign Actor </td> <td>Alec Guinness </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr></tbody></table> American Film Institute lists: <ul><li>1998 — <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies</a> — #13</li> <li>2001 — <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Thrills" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills">AFI's 100 Years...100 Thrills</a> — #58</li> <li>2006 — <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Cheers" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers">AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers</a> — #14</li> <li>2007 — <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies_(10th_Anniversary_Edition)" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies (10th Anniversary Edition)</a> — #36</li></ul> The film has been selected for preservation in the United States <a href="/wiki/National_Film_Registry" title="National Film Registry">National Film Registry</a>. The British Film Institute placed The Bridge on the River Kwai as the 11th greatest British film. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_TV_broadcast">First TV broadcast</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: First TV broadcast">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a>, sponsored by <a href="/wiki/Ford_Motor_Company" title="Ford Motor Company">Ford</a>, paid a record $1.8 million for the television rights for two screenings in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-tv-61">[61]</a> The 167-minute film was first telecast, uncut, in colour, on the evening of 25 September 1966, as a three hours-plus ABC Movie Special. The telecast of the film lasted more than three hours because of the commercial breaks. It was still highly unusual at that time for a television network to show such a long film in one evening; most films of that length were still generally split into two parts and shown over two evenings. But the unusual move paid off for ABC—the telecast drew huge ratings with a record audience of 72 million<a href="#cite_note-tv-61">[61]</a> and a <a href="/wiki/Nielsen_rating" class="mw-redirect" title="Nielsen rating">Nielsen rating</a> of 38.3 and an audience share of 61%.<a href="#cite_note-62">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-ratings-63">[63]</a><a href="#cite_note-64">[64]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Restorations_and_home_video_releases">Restorations and home video releases</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Restorations and home video releases">edit</a>]</div> In 1972, the movie was among the first selection of films released on the early <a href="/wiki/Cartrivision" title="Cartrivision">Cartrivision</a> video format, alongside classics such as <a href="/wiki/The_Jazz_Singer" title="The Jazz Singer">The Jazz Singer</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sands_of_Iwo_Jima" title="Sands of Iwo Jima">Sands of Iwo Jima</a>.<a href="#cite_note-65">[65]</a> The film was restored in 1985 by Columbia Pictures. The separate dialogue, music and effects were located and remixed with newly recorded "atmospheric" sound effects.<a href="#cite_note-DavidLean.com-66">[66]</a> The image was restored by OCS, Freeze Frame, and Pixel Magic with George Hively editing.<a href="#cite_note-67">[67]</a> On 2 November 2010 Columbia Pictures released a newly restored The Bridge on the River Kwai for the first time on Blu-ray. According to Columbia Pictures, they followed an all-new 4K digital restoration from the original negative with newly restored 5.1 audio.<a href="#cite_note-68">[68]</a> The original negative for the feature was scanned at 4K (four times the resolution in High Definition), and the colour correction and digital restoration were also completed at 4K. The negative itself manifested many of the kinds of issues one would expect from a film of this vintage: torn frames, embedded emulsion dirt, scratches through every reel, colour fading. Unique to this film, in some ways, were other issues related to poorly made optical dissolves, the original camera lens and a malfunctioning camera. These problems resulted in a number of anomalies that were very difficult to correct, like a ghosting effect in many scenes that resembles colour mis-registration, and a tick-like effect with the image jumping or jerking side-to-side. These issues, running throughout the film, were addressed to a lesser extent on various previous DVD releases of the film and might not have been so obvious in standard definition.<a href="#cite_note-69">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: In popular culture">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>In 1962, <a href="/wiki/Spike_Milligan" title="Spike Milligan">Spike Milligan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Peter_Sellers" title="Peter Sellers">Peter Sellers</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Peter_Cook" title="Peter Cook">Peter Cook</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Miller" title="Jonathan Miller">Jonathan Miller</a>, released the <a href="/wiki/LP_album" class="mw-redirect" title="LP album">LP record</a> <a href="/wiki/Bridge_on_the_River_Wye" title="Bridge on the River Wye">Bridge on the River Wye</a> (Parlophone LP PMC 1190, PCS 3036 (November 1962)). This spoof of the film was based on the script for the 1957 <a href="/wiki/Goon_Show" class="mw-redirect" title="Goon Show">Goon Show</a> episode "An African Incident". Shortly before its release, for legal reasons, producer <a href="/wiki/George_Martin" title="George Martin">George Martin</a> edited out the 'K' every time the word 'Kwai' was spoken.<a href="#cite_note-70">[70]</a></li> <li>The comedy team of <a href="/wiki/Wayne_and_Shuster" title="Wayne and Shuster">Wayne and Shuster</a> performed a sketch titled "Kwai Me a River" on their 27 March 1967 TV show,[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] in which an officer in the British Dental Corps (Wayne) is captured by the Japanese and, despite being comically unintimidated by any abuse the commander of the POW camp (Shuster) inflicts on him, is forced to build a (dental) "bridge on the river Kwai" for the commander and plans to include an explosive in the appliance to detonate in his mouth. The commander survives the explosion, attributed to a toothpaste commercial punchline in 1960s commercials.<a href="#cite_note-71">[71]</a></li> <li>In season 1, episode 1 of <a href="/wiki/The_Wire" title="The Wire">The Wire</a>, Detective Jimmy McNulty laments, "I feel like that motherfucker at the end of Bridge over the River Kwai, like what the fuck did I do?" <a href="#cite_note-72">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-73">[73]</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/28px-Video-x-generic.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/42px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e7/Video-x-generic.svg/56px-Video-x-generic.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Film" title="Portal:Film">Film portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BFI_Top_100_British_films" title="BFI Top 100 British films">BFI Top 100 British films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_films_of_1957" title="List of American films of 1957">List of American films of 1957</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_drama_films" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical drama films">List of historical drama films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_historical_drama_films_of_Asia" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historical drama films of Asia">List of historical drama films of Asia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_End_All_Wars" title="To End All Wars">To End All Wars</a> (film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Return_from_the_River_Kwai" title="Return from the River Kwai">Return from the River Kwai</a> (1989 film)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siam-Burma_Death_Railway_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siam-Burma Death Railway (film)">Siam-Burma Death Railway</a> (film)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120713080126/http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a6698ca">"The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://explore.bfi.org.uk/4ce2b6a6698ca">the original</a> on 13 July 2012. Retrieved 7 July 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai+%281957%29&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fexplore.bfi.org.uk%2F4ce2b6a6698ca&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-sheldon-2">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sheldon_2-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-sheldon_2-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2010" class="citation book cs1">Hall, Sheldon (2010). Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History. Wayne State University Press. p. 161. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0814330081" title="Special:BookSources/978-0814330081"><bdi>978-0814330081</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epics%2C+Spectacles%2C+and+Blockbusters%3A+A+Hollywood+History&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0814330081&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-fictionalplotkwai-3">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fictionalplotkwai_3-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fictionalplotkwai_3-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hellfire-pass.commemoration.gov.au/remembering-the-railway/bridge-on-the-river-kwai.php">"Remembering the railway: The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170302025235/http://hellfire-pass.commemoration.gov.au/remembering-the-railway/bridge-on-the-river-kwai.php">Archived</a> 2 March 2017 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.hellfire-pass.commemoration.gov.au. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarmetz1985" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Aljean_Harmetz" title="Aljean Harmetz">Harmetz, Aljean</a> (16 March 1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/16/movies/oscars-go-to-writers-for-kwai.html">"Oscars Go to Writers of 'Kwai'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181229194411/https://www.nytimes.com/1985/03/16/movies/oscars-go-to-writers-for-kwai.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 December 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Oscars+Go+to+Writers+of+%27Kwai%27&rft.date=1985-03-16&rft.aulast=Harmetz&rft.aufirst=Aljean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1985%2F03%2F16%2Fmovies%2Foscars-go-to-writers-for-kwai.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/">"Complete National Film Registry Listing"</a>. Library of Congress. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161031213743/https://www.loc.gov/programs/national-film-preservation-board/film-registry/complete-national-film-registry-listing/">Archived</a> from the original on 31 October 2016. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Library+of+Congress&rft.atitle=Complete+National+Film+Registry+Listing&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Fprograms%2Fnational-film-preservation-board%2Ffilm-registry%2Fcomplete-national-film-registry-listing%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9712/nfr.html">"New to the National Film Registry (December 1997) - Library of Congress Information Bulletin"</a>. www.loc.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210124010503/https://www.loc.gov/loc/lcib/9712/nfr.html">Archived</a> from the original on 24 January 2021. Retrieved 18 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.loc.gov&rft.atitle=New+to+the+National+Film+Registry+%28December+1997%29+-+Library+of+Congress+Information+Bulletin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.loc.gov%2Floc%2Flcib%2F9712%2Fnfr.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a> On the <a href="/wiki/AFI%27s_100_Years...100_Movies" title="AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies">AFI's 100 Years...100 Movies</a> lists, in 1998 (#13) and 2007 (#36) </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert" class="citation web cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130129195745/http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=greatmovies_first100">"Great Movies: The First 100"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rogerebert.suntimes.com/apps/pbcs.dll/section?category=greatmovies_first100">the original</a> on 29 January 2013. Retrieved 25 February 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Great+Movies%3A+The+First+100&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frogerebert.suntimes.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Fsection%3Fcategory%3Dgreatmovies_first100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> The Guardian, 17 April 1991 </li> <li id="cite_note-1974ref-10"><a href="#cite_ref-1974ref_10-0">^</a> Joyaux, Georges. The Bridge over the River Kwai: From the Novel to the Movie, Literature/Film Quarterly, published in the Spring of 1974. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> {SBIFF} {Lanchester, Elsa Charles Laughton and I} </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> {Guinness, Alec Blessings in Disguise} </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/variety210-1958-05#page/n147/mode/1up">"Columbia Earns as It Holds Coin Due Bill Holden on 10% of 'Kwai'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 21 May 1958. p. 2. Retrieved 23 January 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Archive.org" class="mw-redirect" title="Archive.org">Archive.org</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Columbia+Earns+as+It+Holds+Coin+Due+Bill+Holden+on+10%25+of+%27Kwai%27&rft.pages=2&rft.date=1958-05-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety210-1958-05%23page%2Fn147%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-KwaiDirector-14"><a href="#cite_ref-KwaiDirector_14-0">^</a> Baer, William. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.crisismagazine.com/2007/film-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai">"Film: The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925110256/http://www.crisismagazine.com/2007/film-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Crisis Magazine, published 09-01-2007. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-KwaiDirector2-15"><a href="#cite_ref-KwaiDirector2_15-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.focusfeatures.com/flashback?article_url=_em_the_bridge_on_the_river_kwai__em__released">"Flashback: A look back at this day in film history (The Bridge on the River Kwai released)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925131120/http://www.focusfeatures.com/flashback?article_url=_em_the_bridge_on_the_river_kwai__em__released">Archived</a> 2015-09-25 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.focusfeatures.com, published 09-23-2015. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaco,_Paul2010" class="citation book cs1">Monaco, Paul (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tgnKY6k5tHYC&pg=PA149">A History of American Movies: A Film-by-film Look at the Art, Craft, and Business of Cinema</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780810874336" title="Special:BookSources/9780810874336"><bdi>9780810874336</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+American+Movies%3A+A+Film-by-film+Look+at+the+Art%2C+Craft%2C+and+Business+of+Cinema&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=9780810874336&rft.au=Monaco%2C+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtgnKY6k5tHYC%26pg%3DPA149&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> (Piers Paul Read, Alec Guinness, 293) </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28984104">"Sri Lanka to rebuild bridge from River Kwai movie"</a>. BBC News. 29 August 2014. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301101755/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-28984104">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Sri+Lanka+to+rebuild+bridge+from+River+Kwai+movie&rft.date=2014-08-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-asia-28984104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/b/Bridge-On-The-River-Kwai.php">"Film locations for David Lean's The Bridge On The River Kwai (1957), in Sri Lanka"</a>. The Worldwide Guide to Movie Locations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220301102220/http://www.movie-locations.com/movies/b/Bridge-On-The-River-Kwai.php">Archived</a> from the original on 1 March 2022. Retrieved 1 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Worldwide+Guide+to+Movie+Locations&rft.atitle=Film+locations+for+David+Lean%27s+The+Bridge+On+The+River+Kwai+%281957%29%2C+in+Sri+Lanka.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.movie-locations.com%2Fmovies%2Fb%2FBridge-On-The-River-Kwai.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GuinnessWalkscene-20"><a href="#cite_ref-GuinnessWalkscene_20-0">^</a> Jason, Gary. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.libertyunbound.com/node/641">"Classic Problem, Classic Films"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925132451/http://www.libertyunbound.com/node/641">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.libertyunbound.com, published 09-19-2011. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-Guinnesspolio-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Guinnesspolio_21-0">^</a> Reichardt, Rita. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=6679">"How Father Brown Led Sir Alec Guinness to the Church"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925090052/https://www.catholicculture.org/culture/library/view.cfm?recnum=6679">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.catholicculture.org, published May/June, 2005. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-Tollestrup-22"><a href="#cite_ref-Tollestrup_22-0">^</a> Tollestrup, Jon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://oscarwinningfilms.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/the-bridge-on-river-kwai-1957.html">"The Bridge on the River Kwai - 1957"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925113059/http://oscarwinningfilms.blogspot.co.uk/2013/12/the-bridge-on-river-kwai-1957.html">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.oscarwinningfilms.blogspot.co.uk, published 12-08-2013. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-PurbeckFestival-23">^ <a href="#cite_ref-PurbeckFestival_23-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-PurbeckFestival_23-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.purbeckfilm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=672:the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai&catid=24:film-notes&Itemid=86">"The Bridge on the River Kwai(disasters on the film set)"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925114341/http://www.purbeckfilm.com/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=672:the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai&catid=24:film-notes&Itemid=86">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, Purbeck Film Festival, published 08-24-2014. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-AllMRating-24"><a href="#cite_ref-AllMRating_24-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai-mw0000203149">"The Bridge on the River Kwai soundtrack rating"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150925221751/http://www.allmusic.com/album/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai-mw0000203149">Archived</a> 25 September 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.allmusic.com. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-Discogsrating-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Discogsrating_25-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discogs.com/Malcolm-Arnold-The-Bridge-On-The-River-Kwai/release/1435907">"Malcolm Arnold's The Bridge on the River Kwai soundtrack"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160313043333/https://www.discogs.com/Malcolm-Arnold-The-Bridge-On-The-River-Kwai/release/1435907">Archived</a> 13 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, www.discogs.com. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchafer1963" class="citation book cs1">Schafer, Murray (December 1963). "XIII Malcolm Arnold". British Composers in Interview. <a href="/wiki/Faber_and_Faber" class="mw-redirect" title="Faber and Faber">Faber and Faber</a>, London. p. 150. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571054428" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571054428"><bdi>978-0571054428</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=XIII+Malcolm+Arnold&rft.btitle=British+Composers+in+Interview&rft.pages=150&rft.pub=Faber+and+Faber%2C+London&rft.date=1963-12&rft.isbn=978-0571054428&rft.aulast=Schafer&rft.aufirst=Murray&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://arquivo.pt/wayback/20160516125503/http://www.ulujain.org/media/colonelbogeymarch.mid">The Colonel Bogey March MIDI file</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a> In his 1981 book Slow Boats to China, chapter 39, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0571251032" title="Special:BookSources/978-0571251032">978-0571251032</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thuppahis.com/2021/08/17/anecdotal-tit-bits-making-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai/">"sic - correct spelling is Siegertsz. This story is retold in: Anecdotal Tit Bits: Making "The Bridge on the River Kwai""</a>. Thuppahi's Blog. 17 August 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210823133803/https://thuppahis.com/2021/08/17/anecdotal-tit-bits-making-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 August 2021. Retrieved 23 August 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Thuppahi%27s+Blog&rft.atitle=sic+-+correct+spelling+is+Siegertsz.+This+story+is+retold+in%3A+Anecdotal+Tit+Bits%3A+Making+%22The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai%22&rft.date=2021-08-17&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fthuppahis.com%2F2021%2F08%2F17%2Fanecdotal-tit-bits-making-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> Edward Greenfield, "Arnold Film Music" [cd review], <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gramophone.co.uk/review/arnold-film-music">Gramophone</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-gordon-31">^ <a href="#cite_ref-gordon_31-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-gordon_31-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGordon1962" class="citation book cs1">Gordon, Ernest (1962). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/throughvalleyofk00gord">Through the Valley of the Kwai</a>. New York: Harper & Row Publishers. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1579100360" title="Special:BookSources/978-1579100360"><bdi>978-1579100360</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Through+the+Valley+of+the+Kwai&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Harper+%26+Row+Publishers&rft.date=1962&rft.isbn=978-1579100360&rft.aulast=Gordon&rft.aufirst=Ernest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthroughvalleyofk00gord&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history2-32">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history2_32-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history2_32-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history2_32-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history2_32-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummer2005" class="citation book cs1">Summer, Julie (2005). The Colonel of Tamarkan. <a href="/wiki/Simon_%26_Schuster_Ltd" class="mw-redirect" title="Simon & Schuster Ltd">Simon & Schuster Ltd</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7432-6350-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7432-6350-2"><bdi>0-7432-6350-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Colonel+of+Tamarkan&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster+Ltd&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7432-6350-2&rft.aulast=Summer&rft.aufirst=Julie&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-history1-33">^ <a href="#cite_ref-history1_33-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-history1_33-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavies1991" class="citation book cs1">Davies, Peter N. (1991). The Man Behind the Bridge. <a href="/wiki/Continuum_International_Publishing_Group" title="Continuum International Publishing Group">Continuum International Publishing Group</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-485-11402-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-485-11402-X"><bdi>0-485-11402-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Man+Behind+the+Bridge&rft.pub=Continuum+International+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1991&rft.isbn=0-485-11402-X&rft.aulast=Davies&rft.aufirst=Peter+N.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-coast-34">^ <a href="#cite_ref-coast_34-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-coast_34-1">b</a> A transcript of the interview and the documentary as a whole can be found in the new edition of John Coast's book Railroad of Death.<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCoast2014" class="citation book cs1">Coast, John (2014). Railroad of Death. Myrmidon. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-905802-93-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-905802-93-7"><bdi>978-1-905802-93-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Railroad+of+Death&rft.pub=Myrmidon&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-1-905802-93-7&rft.aulast=Coast&rft.aufirst=John&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-cwgc-35"><a href="#cite_ref-cwgc_35-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/links.html">"links for research, Allied POWs under the Japanese"</a>. mansell.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130601205859/http://www.mansell.com/pow_resources/links.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 June 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=mansell.com&rft.atitle=links+for+research%2C+Allied+POWs+under+the+Japanese&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mansell.com%2Fpow_resources%2Flinks.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReading_Room_Manchester" class="citation web cs1">Reading Room Manchester. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2017100">"CWGC - Cemetery Details"</a>. cwgc.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180918091014/https://www.cwgc.org/find-a-cemetery/cemetery/2017100">Archived</a> from the original on 18 September 2018. Retrieved 10 March 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=cwgc.org&rft.atitle=CWGC+-+Cemetery+Details&rft.au=Reading+Room+Manchester&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cwgc.org%2Ffind-a-cemetery%2Fcemetery%2F2017100&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> Brownlow, Kevin (1996). David Lean: A Biography. New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-14578-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-14578-0">0-312-14578-0</a>. pp. 391 and 766n </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1">"Boxing Day [TV Listing]". The Guardian. London. 24 December 1974. p. 14.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Boxing+Day+%5BTV+Listing%5D&rft.pages=14&rft.date=1974-12-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers2012" class="citation web cs1">Summers, Julie (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150108185205/http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">"The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. National Army Museum. p. 6. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">the original</a> on 8 January 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Army+Museum&rft.atitle=The+Colonel+of+Tamarkan%3A+Philip+Toosey+and+the+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.pages=6&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nam.ac.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Flunchtime-lectures%2Fvideo-archive%2Fcolonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSukchiro1999" class="citation journal cs1">Sukchiro, Hirakawa (December 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20000824090052/http://www.japanecho.co.jp/docs/html/260612.html">"Prisoners in Burma"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Japan_Echo" title="Japan Echo">Japan Echo</a>. 26 (6). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.japanecho.co.jp/docs/html/260612.html">the original</a> on 24 August 2000. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Japan+Echo&rft.atitle=Prisoners+in+Burma&rft.volume=26&rft.issue=6&rft.date=1999-12&rft.aulast=Sukchiro&rft.aufirst=Hirakawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.japanecho.co.jp%2Fdocs%2Fhtml%2F260612.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSummers2012" class="citation audio-visual cs1">Summers, Julie (12 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225054857/http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">Archived</a> from the original on 25 February 2013. Retrieved 6 January 2015 – via <a href="/wiki/YouTube" title="YouTube">YouTube</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Colonel+of+Tamarkan%3A+Philip+Toosey+and+the+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.date=2012-05-12&rft.aulast=Summers&rft.aufirst=Julie&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nam.ac.uk%2Fwhats-on%2Flunchtime-lectures%2Fvideo-archive%2Fcolonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSukehiro" class="citation web cs1">Sukehiro, Hirakawa. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fepow-community.org.uk/monthly_Revue/html/bridge_on_the_river_kwai.htm">"Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. FEPOW community. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150323000226/http://www.fepow-community.org.uk/monthly_Revue/html/bridge_on_the_river_kwai.htm">Archived</a> from the original on 23 March 2015. Retrieved 6 January 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FEPOW+community&rft.atitle=Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.aulast=Sukehiro&rft.aufirst=Hirakawa&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fepow-community.org.uk%2Fmonthly_Revue%2Fhtml%2Fbridge_on_the_river_kwai.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JSummersInterview-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-JSummersInterview_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-JSummersInterview_43-1">b</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">"The Colonel of Tamarkan: Philip Toosey and the Bridge on the River Kwai"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130225054857/http://www.nam.ac.uk/whats-on/lunchtime-lectures/video-archive/colonel-tamarkan-philip-toosey-bridge-on-river-kwai">Archived</a> 25 February 2013 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, published by the <a href="/wiki/National_Army_Museum" title="National Army Museum">National Army Museum</a> on 03-04-2012. Retrieved 09-24-2015. </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120803005900/http://old.bfi.org.uk/features/ultimatefilm/chart/details.php?ranking=33">"The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">British Film Institute</a>. 28 November 2004. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://old.bfi.org.uk/features/ultimatefilm/chart/details.php?ranking=33">the original</a> on 3 August 2012. Retrieved 24 November 2013.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.pub=British+Film+Institute&rft.date=2004-11-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fold.bfi.org.uk%2Ffeatures%2Fultimatefilm%2Fchart%2Fdetails.php%3Franking%3D33&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cobbett23-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Cobbett23_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteinberg1980" class="citation book cs1">Steinberg, Cobbett (1980). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3/page/23">Film Facts</a>. New York: Facts on File, Inc. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/filmfacts00cobb_mc3/page/23">23</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-87196-313-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-87196-313-2"><bdi>0-87196-313-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Film+Facts&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Facts+on+File%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1980&rft.isbn=0-87196-313-2&rft.aulast=Steinberg&rft.aufirst=Cobbett&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Ffilmfacts00cobb_mc3%2Fpage%2F23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> When a film is released late in a calendar year (October to December), its income is reported in the following year's compendium, unless the film made a particularly fast impact. Figures are domestic earnings (United States and Canada) as reported each year in <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a> (p. 17). </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/variety221-1961-01#page/n48/mode/1up">"All-Time Top Grosses"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 4 January 1961. p. 49. Retrieved 24 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=All-Time+Top+Grosses&rft.pages=49&rft.date=1961-01-04&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety221-1961-01%23page%2Fn48%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.archive.org/stream/variety220-1960-10#page/n162/mode/1up">"Once-Stupendous-Now-Modest $2,700,000 Budget Kept Secret; 'River Kwai's' Sockfull Gross"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 19 October 1960. p. 3. Retrieved 23 April 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Once-Stupendous-Now-Modest+%242%2C700%2C000+Budget+Kept+Secret%3B+%27River+Kwai%27s%27+Sockfull+Gross&rft.pages=3&rft.date=1960-10-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.archive.org%2Fstream%2Fvariety220-1960-10%23page%2Fn162%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Big Grossing Pictures of 1964". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 6 January 1965. p. 39.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Big+Grossing+Pictures+of+1964&rft.pages=39&rft.date=1965-01-06&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"All-Time Top Grossers". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 5 January 1966. p. 6.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=All-Time+Top+Grossers&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1966-01-05&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bridge_on_the_river_kwai/">"The Bridge on the River Kwai (1957)"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandango_Media" title="Fandango Media">Fandango</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231208191816/https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bridge_on_the_river_kwai">Archived</a> from the original on 8 December 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Rotten+Tomatoes&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai+%281957%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rottentomatoes.com%2Fm%2Fbridge_on_the_river_kwai%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai">"The Bridge on the River Kwai Reviews"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metacritic" title="Metacritic">Metacritic</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fandom,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="Fandom, Inc.">Fandom, Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230922163752/https://www.metacritic.com/movie/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 September 2023. Retrieved 13 August 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Metacritic&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai+Reviews&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.metacritic.com%2Fmovie%2Fthe-bridge-on-the-river-kwai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCrowther1957" class="citation news cs1">Crowther, Bosley (19 December 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/19/archives/screen-the-bride-on-the-river-kwai-opens-memorable-war-film-stars.html">"Screen: 'The Bridge on the River Kwai' Opens"</a>. The New York Times. p. 39. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428214145/https://www.nytimes.com/1957/12/19/archives/screen-the-bride-on-the-river-kwai-opens-memorable-war-film-stars.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Screen%3A+%27The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai%27+Opens&rft.pages=39&rft.date=1957-12-19&rft.aulast=Crowther&rft.aufirst=Bosley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1957%2F12%2F19%2Farchives%2Fscreen-the-bride-on-the-river-kwai-opens-memorable-war-film-stars.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-kaplan-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-kaplan_53-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKaplan1957" class="citation news cs1">Kaplan, Mike (20 November 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/variety208-1957-11/page/n169/mode/2up">"Film Reviews: The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. Variety. p. 6. Retrieved 28 April 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Film+Reviews%3A+The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.pages=6&rft.date=1957-11-20&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvariety208-1957-11%2Fpage%2Fn169%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> Schallert, Edwin (20 December 1957). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76665084/edwin-schallerts-review-of-the-bridge/">"'Bridge on River Kwai' Acclaimed as Distinguished War Film"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428214147/https://www.newspapers.com/clip/76665084/edwin-schallerts-review-of-the-bridge/">Archived</a> 28 April 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Los Angeles Times. Part III, p. 10. Retrieved 28 April 2021 – via <a href="/wiki/Newspapers.com" class="mw-redirect" title="Newspapers.com">Newspapers.com</a>. <a href="/wiki/Open_access" title="open access publication – free to read"><img alt="Open access icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/9px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/14px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/77/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg/18px-Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="1000" /></a> </li> <li id="cite_note-55"><a href="#cite_ref-55">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,936806-1,00.html">"Cinema: The New Pictures"</a>. Time. 23 December 1957. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210428214145/http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,936806-1,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 April 2021. Retrieved 28 April 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Cinema%3A+The+New+Pictures&rft.date=1957-12-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcontent.time.com%2Ftime%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2F0%2C33009%2C936806-1%2C00.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-56"><a href="#cite_ref-56">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/harrisonsreports39harr/page/n217/mode/2up">"'The Bridge on the River Kwai' with William Holden, Alec Guinness and Jack Hawkins"</a>. Harrison's Reports. 23 November 1957. p. 186. Retrieved 28 April 2021 – via Internet Archive.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Harrison%27s+Reports&rft.atitle=%27The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai%27+with+William+Holden%2C+Alec+Guinness+and+Jack+Hawkins&rft.pages=186&rft.date=1957-11-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fharrisonsreports39harr%2Fpage%2Fn217%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ebert-57"><a href="#cite_ref-Ebert_57-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert1999" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (18 April 1999). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai-1957">"The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190502202946/https://www.rogerebert.com/reviews/great-movie-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai-1957">Archived</a> from the original on 2 May 2019. Retrieved 11 October 2018 – via <a href="/wiki/RogerEbert.com" title="RogerEbert.com">RogerEbert.com</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.date=1999-04-18&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.rogerebert.com%2Freviews%2Fgreat-movie-the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai-1957&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-blauvelt-58">^ <a href="#cite_ref-blauvelt_58-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-blauvelt_58-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBlauvelt2010" class="citation news cs1">Blauvelt, Christian (20 September 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai">"The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Slant_Magazine" title="Slant Magazine">Slant Magazine</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181011133407/https://www.slantmagazine.com/film/review/the-bridge-on-the-river-kwai">Archived</a> from the original on 11 October 2018. Retrieved 11 October 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Slant+Magazine&rft.atitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.date=2010-09-20&rft.aulast=Blauvelt&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.slantmagazine.com%2Ffilm%2Freview%2Fthe-bridge-on-the-river-kwai&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-59"><a href="#cite_ref-59">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFN._Venkateswaran2014" class="citation news cs1">N. Venkateswaran (14 February 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Balu-Mahendra-who-made-his-visuals-speak-dies-at-74/articleshow/30363139.cms">"Balu Mahendra, who made his visuals speak, dies at 74"</a>. The Times of India. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140302182333/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/Balu-Mahendra-who-made-his-visuals-speak-dies-at-74/articleshow/30363139.cms">Archived</a> from the original on 2 March 2014. Retrieved 25 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Times+of+India&rft.atitle=Balu+Mahendra%2C+who+made+his+visuals+speak%2C+dies+at+74&rft.date=2014-02-14&rft.au=N.+Venkateswaran&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Ftimesofindia.indiatimes.com%2Findia%2FBalu-Mahendra-who-made-his-visuals-speak-dies-at-74%2Farticleshow%2F30363139.cms&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-60"><a href="#cite_ref-60">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRo2019" class="citation web cs1">Ro, Sam (1 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://finance.yahoo.com/news/warren-buffett-wallet-american-express-card-400-cash-131943350.html">"Warren Buffett carries an American Express card and about $400 in cash"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Yahoo!_Finance" class="mw-redirect" title="Yahoo! Finance">Yahoo! Finance</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190501190823/https://finance.yahoo.com/news/warren-buffett-wallet-american-express-card-400-cash-131943350.html">Archived</a> from the original on 1 May 2019. Retrieved 1 May 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Yahoo%21+Finance&rft.atitle=Warren+Buffett+carries+an+American+Express+card+and+about+%24400+in+cash&rft.date=2019-05-01&rft.aulast=Ro&rft.aufirst=Sam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ffinance.yahoo.com%2Fnews%2Fwarren-buffett-wallet-american-express-card-400-cash-131943350.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-tv-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-tv_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-tv_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"'Bounty' Nicks Ford $2.3 Mil; A TV Record". <a href="/wiki/Daily_Variety" class="mw-redirect" title="Daily Variety">Daily Variety</a>. 28 July 1967. p. 1.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Variety&rft.atitle=%27Bounty%27+Nicks+Ford+%242.3+Mil%3B+A+TV+Record&rft.pages=1&rft.date=1967-07-28&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"Hit Movies on U.S. TV Since 1961". <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 24 January 1990. p. 160.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Hit+Movies+on+U.S.+TV+Since+1961&rft.pages=160&rft.date=1990-01-24&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ratings-63"><a href="#cite_ref-ratings_63-0">^</a> Gowran, Clay (11 October 1966) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/10/11/page/48/article/nielsen-ratings-are-dim-on-new-shows">Nielsen Ratings Are Dim on New Shows</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160629223758/http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1966/10/11/page/48/article/nielsen-ratings-are-dim-on-new-shows/">Archived</a> 29 June 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chicago_Tribune" title="Chicago Tribune">Chicago Tribune</a> (noting film received a 38.3 rating to lead the national Nielsen ratings) </li> <li id="cite_note-64"><a href="#cite_ref-64">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_variety_1972-12-13_269_5/page/26/mode/1up">"Alltime Top 20 Movies on TV"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Variety_(magazine)" title="Variety (magazine)">Variety</a>. 13 December 1972. p. 26. Retrieved 10 December 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Variety&rft.atitle=Alltime+Top+20+Movies+on+TV&rft.pages=26&rft.date=1972-12-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_variety_1972-12-13_269_5%2Fpage%2F26%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-65"><a href="#cite_ref-65">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/3050535/how-cartrivisions-1972-vcr-foresaw-and-forfeited-the-time-shifted-future">"How Cartrivision's 1972 VCR Foresaw–And Forfeited–The Time-Shifted Future"</a>. 21 September 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210401172159/https://www.fastcompany.com/3050535/how-cartrivisions-1972-vcr-foresaw-and-forfeited-the-time-shifted-future">Archived</a> from the original on 1 April 2021. Retrieved 24 February 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+Cartrivision%27s+1972+VCR+Foresaw%E2%80%93And+Forfeited%E2%80%93The+Time-Shifted+Future&rft.date=2015-09-21&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcompany.com%2F3050535%2Fhow-cartrivisions-1972-vcr-foresaw-and-forfeited-the-time-shifted-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DavidLean.com-66"><a href="#cite_ref-DavidLean.com_66-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090129133902/http://davidlean.com/Filmography/Credits/kwai_credits.html">"The Bridge on the River Kwai"</a>. DavidLean.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidlean.com/Filmography/Credits/kwai_credits.html">the original</a> on 29 January 2009.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai&rft.pub=DavidLean.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.davidlean.com%2FFilmography%2FCredits%2Fkwai_credits.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-67"><a href="#cite_ref-67">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080926142700/http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/27691?view=credit">"The Bridge on the River Kwai Credits"</a>. BFI Film and TV Database. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ftvdb.bfi.org.uk/sift/title/27691?view=credit">the original</a> on 26 September 2008.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai+Credits&rft.pub=BFI+Film+and+TV+Database&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fftvdb.bfi.org.uk%2Fsift%2Ftitle%2F27691%3Fview%3Dcredit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-68"><a href="#cite_ref-68">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110812212220/http://bridgeontheriverkwaibd.com/">"Movies | Disc & Digital | Sony Pictures"</a>. Bridgeontheriverkwaibd.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bridgeontheriverkwaibd.com/">the original</a> on 12 August 2011. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Movies+%26%23124%3B+Disc+%26+Digital+%26%23124%3B+Sony+Pictures&rft.pub=Bridgeontheriverkwaibd.com&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbridgeontheriverkwaibd.com%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-69"><a href="#cite_ref-69">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.sonypictures.com/homevideo/columbiaclassics/in-production/">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101115082557/http://www.sonypictures.com/homevideo/columbiaclassics/in-production/">Archived</a> 15 November 2010 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-70"><a href="#cite_ref-70">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220813071442/http://www.thegoonshow.net/facts.asp">"Facts and Trivia"</a>. The Goon Show Site. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thegoonshow.net/facts.asp">the original</a> on 13 August 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Goon+Show+Site&rft.atitle=Facts+and+Trivia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegoonshow.net%2Ffacts.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190627192426/http://www.tvarchive.ca/database/18984/wayne_and_shuster_show,_the/episode_guide/">"Wayne and Shuster Show, The Episode Guide (1954–1990) (series)"</a>. TV archive CA. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tvarchive.ca/database/18984/wayne_and_shuster_show,_the/episode_guide/">the original</a> on 27 June 2019. Retrieved 3 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wayne+and+Shuster+Show%2C+The+Episode+Guide+%281954%E2%80%931990%29+%28series%29&rft.pub=TV+archive+CA&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tvarchive.ca%2Fdatabase%2F18984%2Fwayne_and_shuster_show%2C_the%2Fepisode_guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://subslikescript.com/series/The_Wire-306414/season-1/episode-1-The_Target">"The Wire (2002–2008): Season 1, Episode 1 - The Target - full transcript"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315034933/https://subslikescript.com/series/The_Wire-306414/season-1/episode-1-The_Target">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wire+%282002%E2%80%932008%29%3A+Season+1%2C+Episode+1+-+The+Target+-+full+transcript&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsubslikescript.com%2Fseries%2FThe_Wire-306414%2Fseason-1%2Fepisode-1-The_Target&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sepinwall.blogspot.com/2008/03/wire-david-simon-q.html">"The Wire: David Simon Q & A"</a>. 9 March 2008. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230315045312/https://sepinwall.blogspot.com/2008/03/wire-david-simon-q.html">Archived</a> from the original on 15 March 2023. Retrieved 15 March 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Wire%3A+David+Simon+Q+%26+A&rft.date=2008-03-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsepinwall.blogspot.com%2F2008%2F03%2Fwire-david-simon-q.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantas2012" class="citation book cs1">Santas, Constantine (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Q6H_hej3agQC&pg=PA1">The Epic Films of David Lean</a>. Scarecrow Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8210-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-8210-2"><bdi>978-0-8108-8210-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Epic+Films+of+David+Lean&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-8210-2&rft.aulast=Santas&rft.aufirst=Constantine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ6H_hej3agQC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEbert2012" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Ebert, Roger</a> (8 May 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WpkLM-6Sk7gC">33 Movies to Restore Your Faith in Humanity: Ebert's Essentials</a>. Andrews McMeel Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4494-2225-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4494-2225-7"><bdi>978-1-4494-2225-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=33+Movies+to+Restore+Your+Faith+in+Humanity%3A+Ebert%27s+Essentials&rft.pub=Andrews+McMeel+Publishing&rft.date=2012-05-08&rft.isbn=978-1-4494-2225-7&rft.aulast=Ebert&rft.aufirst=Roger&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWpkLM-6Sk7gC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips2006" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Gene_D._Phillips" title="Gene D. Phillips">Phillips, Gene</a> (24 November 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bKtQTBGaB3wC&pg=PA255">Beyond the Epic: The Life and Films of David Lean</a>. University Press of Kentucky. p. 255. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8131-7155-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-8131-7155-5"><bdi>0-8131-7155-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+the+Epic%3A+The+Life+and+Films+of+David+Lean&rft.pages=255&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Kentucky&rft.date=2006-11-24&rft.isbn=0-8131-7155-5&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Gene&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbKtQTBGaB3wC%26pg%3DPA255&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNiemi2006" class="citation book cs1">Niemi, Robert (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=WVFhcBcv_X8C&pg=PA96">History in the Media: Film and Television</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 96. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-952-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-57607-952-2"><bdi>978-1-57607-952-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+in+the+Media%3A+Film+and+Television&rft.pages=96&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-1-57607-952-2&rft.aulast=Niemi&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DWVFhcBcv_X8C%26pg%3DPA96&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoche1998" class="citation book cs1">Roche, Mark William (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oxxC1_JKpu8C&pg=PA65">Tragedy and Comedy: A Systematic Study and a Critique of Hegel</a>. SUNY Press. p. 65. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3546-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7914-3546-5"><bdi>978-0-7914-3546-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tragedy+and+Comedy%3A+A+Systematic+Study+and+a+Critique+of+Hegel&rft.pages=65&rft.pub=SUNY+Press&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7914-3546-5&rft.aulast=Roche&rft.aufirst=Mark+William&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoxxC1_JKpu8C%26pg%3DPA65&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMargulies2003" class="citation book cs1">Margulies, Ivone (6 March 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=UP3Gf8KfsXwC&pg=PA3">Rites of Realism: Essays on Corporeal Cinema</a>. Duke University Press. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8223-8461-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8223-8461-2"><bdi>0-8223-8461-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Rites+of+Realism%3A+Essays+on+Corporeal+Cinema&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2003-03-06&rft.isbn=0-8223-8461-2&rft.aulast=Margulies&rft.aufirst=Ivone&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DUP3Gf8KfsXwC%26pg%3DPA3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCapua2009" class="citation book cs1">Capua, Michelangelo (9 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uMp6ACb74UkC&pg=PA98">William Holden: A Biography</a>. McFarland. p. 98. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5550-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-5550-8"><bdi>978-0-7864-5550-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=William+Holden%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=98&rft.pub=McFarland&rft.date=2009-10-09&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-5550-8&rft.aulast=Capua&rft.aufirst=Michelangelo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DuMp6ACb74UkC%26pg%3DPA98&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLarkin2008" class="citation book cs1">Larkin, Brian (10 March 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=wMEs_n_etoYC&pg=PA7">Signal and Noise: Media, Infrastructure, and Urban Culture in Nigeria</a>. Duke University Press. p. 7. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-8931-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8223-8931-6"><bdi>978-0-8223-8931-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Signal+and+Noise%3A+Media%2C+Infrastructure%2C+and+Urban+Culture+in+Nigeria&rft.pages=7&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2008-03-10&rft.isbn=978-0-8223-8931-6&rft.aulast=Larkin&rft.aufirst=Brian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwMEs_n_etoYC%26pg%3DPA7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRay1985" class="citation book cs1">Ray, Robert Beverley (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=nZj09DvE2WEC&pg=PA174">A Certain Tendency of the Hollywood Cinema, 1930-1980</a>. Princeton University Press. p. 174. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-691-10174-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-691-10174-4"><bdi>0-691-10174-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Certain+Tendency+of+the+Hollywood+Cinema%2C+1930-1980&rft.pages=174&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=0-691-10174-4&rft.aulast=Ray&rft.aufirst=Robert+Beverley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DnZj09DvE2WEC%26pg%3DPA174&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGrimes2003" class="citation book cs1">Grimes, Charles W. (1 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=vVPNgkx7QdgC&pg=SA3-PA42">Trademark & Copyright Disputes: Litigation Forms and Analysis</a>. Aspen Publishers Online. p. 3. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-3515-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7355-3515-2"><bdi>978-0-7355-3515-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Trademark+%26+Copyright+Disputes%3A+Litigation+Forms+and+Analysis&rft.pages=3&rft.pub=Aspen+Publishers+Online&rft.date=2003-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-7355-3515-2&rft.aulast=Grimes&rft.aufirst=Charles+W.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DvVPNgkx7QdgC%26pg%3DSA3-PA42&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMonaco2010" class="citation book cs1">Monaco, Paul (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=tgnKY6k5tHYC&pg=PA349">A History of American Movies: A Film-by-film Look at the Art, Craft, and Business of Cinema</a>. Scarecrow Press. p. 349. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7433-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8108-7433-6"><bdi>978-0-8108-7433-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+History+of+American+Movies%3A+A+Film-by-film+Look+at+the+Art%2C+Craft%2C+and+Business+of+Cinema&rft.pages=349&rft.pub=Scarecrow+Press&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-0-8108-7433-6&rft.aulast=Monaco&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DtgnKY6k5tHYC%26pg%3DPA349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoberts" class="citation book cs1">Roberts, Jonny. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-HuBrzBqeocC&pg=PA43">How has the representation of World War II on film changed from 1939 to 2009</a>. Jonny Roberts. p. 43. GGKEY:HTN6JK1YKP8.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=How+has+the+representation+of+World+War+II+on+film+changed+from+1939+to+2009&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Jonny+Roberts&rft.aulast=Roberts&rft.aufirst=Jonny&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-HuBrzBqeocC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSantas2002" class="citation book cs1">Santas, Constantine (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Mcbj95l1zmUC&pg=PA66">Responding to Film: A Text Guide for Students of Cinema Art</a>. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 66. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8304-1580-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8304-1580-9"><bdi>978-0-8304-1580-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Responding+to+Film%3A+A+Text+Guide+for+Students+of+Cinema+Art&rft.pages=66&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-8304-1580-9&rft.aulast=Santas&rft.aufirst=Constantine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMcbj95l1zmUC%26pg%3DPA66&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHall2010" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sheldon_Hall" title="Sheldon Hall">Hall, Sheldon</a> (15 April 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ro0hASPfC68C&pg=PA168">Epics, Spectacles, and Blockbusters: A Hollywood History</a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 168. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3697-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3697-7"><bdi>978-0-8143-3697-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Epics%2C+Spectacles%2C+and+Blockbusters%3A+A+Hollywood+History&rft.pages=168&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010-04-15&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3697-7&rft.aulast=Hall&rft.aufirst=Sheldon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRo0hASPfC68C%26pg%3DPA168&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2009" class="citation book cs1">Singh, Dr. Laxman Swaroop (2 October 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=8Dc_OhabbAYC&pg=PT121">The Obsidian Eye: Cat Journeys Through an Impossible Universe</a>. PublishAmerica. p. 121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4512-2353-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4512-2353-8"><bdi>978-1-4512-2353-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Obsidian+Eye%3A+Cat+Journeys+Through+an+Impossible+Universe&rft.pages=121&rft.pub=PublishAmerica&rft.date=2009-10-02&rft.isbn=978-1-4512-2353-8&rft.aulast=Singh&rft.aufirst=Dr.+Laxman+Swaroop&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D8Dc_OhabbAYC%26pg%3DPT121&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarris2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Harris_(journalist)" title="Mark Harris (journalist)">Harris, Mark</a> (14 February 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=EwSv6lsPDxgC&pg=PT124">Pictures at a Revolution: Five Movies and the Birth of the New Hollywood</a>. Penguin Publishing Group. p. 124. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-101-20285-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-101-20285-2"><bdi>978-1-101-20285-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Pictures+at+a+Revolution%3A+Five+Movies+and+the+Birth+of+the+New+Hollywood&rft.pages=124&rft.pub=Penguin+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2008-02-14&rft.isbn=978-1-101-20285-2&rft.aulast=Harris&rft.aufirst=Mark&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEwSv6lsPDxgC%26pg%3DPT124&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuda2004" class="citation book cs1">Huda, Anwar (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=HiA3X6RLLnYC&pg=PA154">The Art and Science of Cinema</a>. Atlantic Publishers & Dist. p. 154. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0348-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-269-0348-1"><bdi>978-81-269-0348-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Art+and+Science+of+Cinema&rft.pages=154&rft.pub=Atlantic+Publishers+%26+Dist&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=978-81-269-0348-1&rft.aulast=Huda&rft.aufirst=Anwar&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DHiA3X6RLLnYC%26pg%3DPA154&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBraddockHock2001" class="citation book cs1">Braddock, Jeremy; Hock, Stephen (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=bhF3-AqlWIcC&pg=PA113">Directed by Allen Smithee</a>. U of Minnesota Press. p. 113. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3533-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8166-3533-7"><bdi>978-0-8166-3533-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Directed+by+Allen+Smithee&rft.pages=113&rft.pub=U+of+Minnesota+Press&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-8166-3533-7&rft.aulast=Braddock&rft.aufirst=Jeremy&rft.au=Hock%2C+Stephen&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DbhF3-AqlWIcC%26pg%3DPA113&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMedavoy2003" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Mike_Medavoy" title="Mike Medavoy">Medavoy, Mike</a> (7 January 2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ytJ9nDI9Km0C&pg=PA67">You're Only as Good as Your Next One: 100 Great Films, 100 Good Films, and 100 for Which I Should Be Shot</a>. Simon and Schuster. p. 67. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-0055-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7434-0055-8"><bdi>978-0-7434-0055-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=You%27re+Only+as+Good+as+Your+Next+One%3A+100+Great+Films%2C+100+Good+Films%2C+and+100+for+Which+I+Should+Be+Shot&rft.pages=67&rft.pub=Simon+and+Schuster&rft.date=2003-01-07&rft.isbn=978-0-7434-0055-8&rft.aulast=Medavoy&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DytJ9nDI9Km0C%26pg%3DPA67&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFuller2010" class="citation book cs1">Fuller, Karla Rae (16 August 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=incu8kvbRGIC&pg=PA23">Hollywood Goes Oriental: CaucAsian Performance in American Film</a>. Wayne State University Press. p. 23. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3538-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8143-3538-3"><bdi>978-0-8143-3538-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hollywood+Goes+Oriental%3A+CaucAsian+Performance+in+American+Film&rft.pages=23&rft.pub=Wayne+State+University+Press&rft.date=2010-08-16&rft.isbn=978-0-8143-3538-3&rft.aulast=Fuller&rft.aufirst=Karla+Rae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dincu8kvbRGIC%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AThe+Bridge+on+the+River+Kwai" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:The Bridge on the River Kwai">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/The Bridge on the River Kwai">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/title/tt0050212/">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.afi.com/Catalog/moviedetails/52118">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at the <a href="/wiki/AFI_Catalog_of_Feature_Films" title="AFI Catalog of Feature Films">AFI Catalog of Feature Films</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.screenonline.org.uk/film/id/450937/">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at the <a href="/wiki/British_Film_Institute" title="British Film Institute">BFI</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Screenonline" title="Screenonline">Screenonline</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.allmovie.com/movie/v7112">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at <a href="/wiki/AllMovie" title="AllMovie">AllMovie</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.boxofficemojo.com/movies/?id=bridgeontheriverkwai.htm">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Box_Office_Mojo" title="Box Office Mojo">Box Office Mojo</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/69690/enwp">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/bridge_on_the_river_kwai">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> at <a href="/wiki/Rotten_Tomatoes" title="Rotten Tomatoes">Rotten Tomatoes</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=deq3xI8OmCkC"> The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> essay by Daniel Eagan in America's Film Legacy: The Authoritative Guide to the Landmark Movies in the National Film Registry, A&C Black, 2010 <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0826429777" title="Special:BookSources/0826429777">0826429777</a>, pages 537-538</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Films_directed_by_David_Lean" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:David_Lean" title="Template:David Lean"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:David_Lean" title="Template talk:David Lean"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:David_Lean" title="Special:EditPage/Template:David Lean"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Films_directed_by_David_Lean" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Films directed by <a href="/wiki/David_Lean" title="David Lean">David Lean</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/In_Which_We_Serve" title="In Which We Serve">In Which We Serve</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Happy_Breed_(film)" title="This Happy Breed (film)">This Happy Breed</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blithe_Spirit_(1945_film)" title="Blithe Spirit (1945 film)">Blithe Spirit</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brief_Encounter" title="Brief Encounter">Brief Encounter</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Expectations_(1946_film)" title="Great Expectations (1946 film)">Great Expectations</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver_Twist_(1948_film)" title="Oliver Twist (1948 film)">Oliver Twist</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Passionate_Friends_(1949_film)" title="The Passionate Friends (1949 film)">The Passionate Friends</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madeleine_(1950_film)" title="Madeleine (1950 film)">Madeleine</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Barrier" title="The Sound Barrier">The Sound Barrier</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(1954_film)" title="Hobson's Choice (1954 film)">Hobson's Choice</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Summertime_(1955_film)" title="Summertime (1955 film)">Summertime</a> (1955)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(film)" title="Doctor Zhivago (film)">Doctor Zhivago</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ryan%27s_Daughter" title="Ryan's Daughter">Ryan's Daughter</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_and_Found:_The_Story_of_Cook%27s_Anchor" title="Lost and Found: The Story of Cook's Anchor">Lost and Found: The Story of Cook's Anchor</a> (1979; documentary)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Passage_to_India_(film)" title="A Passage to India (film)">A Passage to India</a> (1984)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for The Bridge on the River Kwai</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEDD82"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Template:Academy Award for Best Picture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Template talk:Academy Award for Best Picture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Academy Award for Best Picture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Picture" title="Academy Award for Best Picture">Academy Award for Best Picture</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">1927–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wings_(1927_film)" title="Wings (1927 film)">Wings</a> (1927–1928)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Broadway_Melody" title="The Broadway Melody">The Broadway Melody</a> (1928–1929)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(1930_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (1930 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a> (1929–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cimarron_(1931_film)" title="Cimarron (1931 film)">Cimarron</a> (1930–1931)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Hotel_(1932_film)" title="Grand Hotel (1932 film)">Grand Hotel</a> (1931–1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cavalcade_(1933_film)" title="Cavalcade (1933 film)">Cavalcade</a> (1932–1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mutiny_on_the_Bounty_(1935_film)" title="Mutiny on the Bounty (1935 film)">Mutiny on the Bounty</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Ziegfeld" title="The Great Ziegfeld">The Great Ziegfeld</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Emile_Zola" title="The Life of Emile Zola">The Life of Emile Zola</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/You_Can%27t_Take_It_with_You_(film)" title="You Can't Take It with You (film)">You Can't Take It with You</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gone_with_the_Wind_(film)" title="Gone with the Wind (film)">Gone with the Wind</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebecca_(1940_film)" title="Rebecca (1940 film)">Rebecca</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/How_Green_Was_My_Valley_(film)" title="How Green Was My Valley (film)">How Green Was My Valley</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mrs._Miniver" title="Mrs. Miniver">Mrs. Miniver</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casablanca_(film)" title="Casablanca (film)">Casablanca</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_My_Way" title="Going My Way">Going My Way</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Weekend" title="The Lost Weekend">The Lost Weekend</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Agreement" title="Gentleman's Agreement">Gentleman's Agreement</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve" title="All About Eve">All About Eve</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/An_American_in_Paris_(film)" title="An American in Paris (film)">An American in Paris</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Show_on_Earth_(film)" title="The Greatest Show on Earth (film)">The Greatest Show on Earth</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_(film)" title="Marty (film)">Marty</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gigi_(1958_film)" title="Gigi (1958 film)">Gigi</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment" title="The Apartment">The Apartment</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_of_Music_(film)" title="The Sound of Music (film)">The Sound of Music</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(film)" title="In the Heat of the Night (film)">In the Heat of the Night</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oliver!_(film)" title="Oliver! (film)">Oliver!</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Cowboy" title="Midnight Cowboy">Midnight Cowboy</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patton_(film)" title="Patton (film)">Patton</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Connection_(film)" title="The French Connection (film)">The French Connection</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather_Part_II" title="The Godfather Part II">The Godfather Part II</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Endearment" title="Terms of Endearment">Terms of Endearment</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Africa_(film)" title="Out of Africa (film)">Out of Africa</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_(film)" title="Platoon (film)">Platoon</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy" title="Driving Miss Daisy">Driving Miss Daisy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_With_Wolves" title="Dances With Wolves">Dances With Wolves</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unforgiven" title="Unforgiven">Unforgiven</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Braveheart" title="Braveheart">Braveheart</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_Love" title="Shakespeare in Love">Shakespeare in Love</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#EEDD82;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Beautiful_Mind_(film)" title="A Beautiful Mind (film)">A Beautiful Mind</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chicago_(2002_film)" title="Chicago (2002 film)">Chicago</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Million_Dollar_Baby" title="Million Dollar Baby">Million Dollar Baby</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_(2004_film)" title="Crash (2004 film)">Crash</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Departed" title="The Departed">The Departed</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Country_for_Old_Men" title="No Country for Old Men">No Country for Old Men</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)" title="12 Years a Slave (film)">12 Years a Slave</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Birdman_(film)" title="Birdman (film)">Birdman or (The Unexpected Virtue of Ignorance)</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spotlight_(film)" title="Spotlight (film)">Spotlight</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(2016_film)" title="Moonlight (2016 film)">Moonlight</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shape_of_Water" title="The Shape of Water">The Shape of Water</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(film)" title="Green Book (film)">Green Book</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parasite_(2019_film)" title="Parasite (2019 film)">Parasite</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadland" title="Nomadland">Nomadland</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/CODA_(2021_film)" title="CODA (2021 film)">CODA</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Everything_Everywhere_All_at_Once" title="Everything Everywhere All at Once">Everything Everywhere All at Once</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Best Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Best Film">BAFTA Award for Best Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Best Film from Any Source 1947–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hamlet_(1948_film)" title="Hamlet (1948 film)">Hamlet</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">Bicycle Thieves</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve" title="All About Eve">All About Eve</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Ronde_(1950_film)" title="La Ronde (1950 film)">La Ronde</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Barrier" title="The Sound Barrier">The Sound Barrier</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forbidden_Games" title="Forbidden Games">Forbidden Games</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Wages_of_Fear" title="The Wages of Fear">The Wages of Fear</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gervaise_(film)" title="Gervaise (film)">Gervaise</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_at_the_Top_(1959_film)" title="Room at the Top (1959 film)">Room at the Top</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment" title="The Apartment">The Apartment</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ballad_of_a_Soldier" title="Ballad of a Soldier">Ballad of a Soldier</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hustler" title="The Hustler">The Hustler</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Who%27s_Afraid_of_Virginia_Woolf%3F_(film)" title="Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf? (film)">Who's Afraid of Virginia Woolf?</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">Best Film 1968–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Graduate" title="The Graduate">The Graduate</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Cowboy" title="Midnight Cowboy">Midnight Cowboy</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butch_Cassidy_and_the_Sundance_Kid" title="Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid">Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunday_Bloody_Sunday_(film)" title="Sunday Bloody Sunday (film)">Sunday Bloody Sunday</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(1972_film)" title="Cabaret (1972 film)">Cabaret</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_for_Night_(film)" title="Day for Night (film)">Day for Night</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lacombe,_Lucien" title="Lacombe, Lucien">Lacombe, Lucien</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alice_Doesn%27t_Live_Here_Anymore" title="Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore">Alice Doesn't Live Here Anymore</a> (1975)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(1977_film)" title="Julia (1977 film)">Julia</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(1979_film)" title="Manhattan (1979 film)">Manhattan</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Elephant_Man_(film)" title="The Elephant Man (film)">The Elephant Man</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educating_Rita_(film)" title="Educating Rita (film)">Educating Rita</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Killing_Fields_(film)" title="The Killing Fields (film)">The Killing Fields</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Purple_Rose_of_Cairo" title="The Purple Rose of Cairo">The Purple Rose of Cairo</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View_(1985_film)" title="A Room with a View (1985 film)">A Room with a View</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_de_Florette" title="Jean de Florette">Jean de Florette</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dead_Poets_Society" title="Dead Poets Society">Dead Poets Society</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Commitments_(film)" title="The Commitments (film)">The Commitments</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howards_End_(film)" title="Howards End (film)">Howards End</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Four_Weddings_and_a_Funeral" title="Four Weddings and a Funeral">Four Weddings and a Funeral</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Full_Monty" title="The Full Monty">The Full Monty</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shakespeare_in_Love" title="Shakespeare in Love">Shakespeare in Love</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Fellowship_of_the_Ring" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring">The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Pianist_(2002_film)" title="The Pianist (2002 film)">The Pianist</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aviator_(2004_film)" title="The Aviator (2004 film)">The Aviator</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Queen_(2006_film)" title="The Queen (2006 film)">The Queen</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)" title="Atonement (2007 film)">Atonement</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)" title="12 Years a Slave (film)">12 Years a Slave</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revenant_(2015_film)" title="The Revenant (2015 film)">The Revenant</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land" title="La La Land">La La Land</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Billboards_Outside_Ebbing,_Missouri" title="Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri">Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadland" title="Nomadland">Nomadland</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Dog_(film)" title="The Power of the Dog (film)">The Power of the Dog</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_Quiet_on_the_Western_Front_(2022_film)" title="All Quiet on the Western Front (2022 film)">All Quiet on the Western Front</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #BDB76B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" title="Template:BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" title="Template talk:BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Outstanding_British_Film" title="BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film">BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1947–1967</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Odd_Man_Out" title="Odd Man Out">Odd Man Out</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fallen_Idol_(film)" title="The Fallen Idol (film)">The Fallen Idol</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Third_Man" title="The Third Man">The Third Man</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Blue_Lamp" title="The Blue Lamp">The Blue Lamp</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lavender_Hill_Mob" title="The Lavender Hill Mob">The Lavender Hill Mob</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sound_Barrier" title="The Sound Barrier">The Sound Barrier</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genevieve_(film)" title="Genevieve (film)">Genevieve</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hobson%27s_Choice_(1954_film)" title="Hobson's Choice (1954 film)">Hobson's Choice</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_III_(1955_film)" title="Richard III (1955 film)">Richard III</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reach_for_the_Sky" title="Reach for the Sky">Reach for the Sky</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Room_at_the_Top_(1959_film)" title="Room at the Top (1959 film)">Room at the Top</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sapphire_(film)" title="Sapphire (film)">Sapphire</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturday_Night_and_Sunday_Morning_(film)" title="Saturday Night and Sunday Morning (film)">Saturday Night and Sunday Morning</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Taste_of_Honey_(film)" title="A Taste of Honey (film)">A Taste of Honey</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dr._Strangelove" title="Dr. Strangelove">Dr. Strangelove</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ipcress_File_(film)" title="The Ipcress File (film)">The Ipcress File</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Spy_Who_Came_In_from_the_Cold_(film)" title="The Spy Who Came In from the Cold (film)">The Spy Who Came In from the Cold</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1967)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #BDB76B;width:1%">1992–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Crying_Game" title="The Crying Game">The Crying Game</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowlands_(1993_film)" title="Shadowlands (1993 film)">Shadowlands</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shallow_Grave_(1994_film)" title="Shallow Grave (1994 film)">Shallow Grave</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Madness_of_King_George" title="The Madness of King George">The Madness of King George</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secrets_%26_Lies_(film)" title="Secrets & Lies (film)">Secrets & Lies</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nil_by_Mouth_(film)" title="Nil by Mouth (film)">Nil by Mouth</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elizabeth_(film)" title="Elizabeth (film)">Elizabeth</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Is_East_(1999_film)" title="East Is East (1999 film)">East Is East</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Billy_Elliot" title="Billy Elliot">Billy Elliot</a> (2000)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gosford_Park" title="Gosford Park">Gosford Park</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Warrior_(2001_British_film)" title="The Warrior (2001 British film)">The Warrior</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Touching_the_Void_(film)" title="Touching the Void (film)">Touching the Void</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Summer_of_Love" title="My Summer of Love">My Summer of Love</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wallace_%26_Gromit:_The_Curse_of_the_Were-Rabbit" title="Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit">Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_King_of_Scotland_(film)" title="The Last King of Scotland (film)">The Last King of Scotland</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Is_England" title="This Is England">This Is England</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Man_on_Wire" title="Man on Wire">Man on Wire</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fish_Tank_(film)" title="Fish Tank (film)">Fish Tank</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_King%27s_Speech" title="The King's Speech">The King's Speech</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tinker_Tailor_Soldier_Spy_(film)" title="Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy (film)">Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skyfall" title="Skyfall">Skyfall</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gravity_(2013_film)" title="Gravity (2013 film)">Gravity</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Theory_of_Everything_(2014_film)" title="The Theory of Everything (2014 film)">The Theory of Everything</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn_(film)" title="Brooklyn (film)">Brooklyn</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/I,_Daniel_Blake" title="I, Daniel Blake">I, Daniel Blake</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Billboards_Outside_Ebbing,_Missouri" title="Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri">Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Favourite" title="The Favourite">The Favourite</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Promising_Young_Woman" title="Promising Young Woman">Promising Young Woman</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfast_(film)" title="Belfast (film)">Belfast</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Banshees_of_Inisherin" title="The Banshees of Inisherin">The Banshees of Inisherin</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Zone_of_Interest_(film)" title="The Zone of Interest (film)">The Zone of Interest</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #CFB53B"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template:Golden Globe Award Best Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Template talk:Golden Globe Award Best Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Golden_Globe_Award_Best_Motion_Picture_Drama" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Golden Globe Award Best Motion Picture Drama"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_–_Drama" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Motion_Picture_%E2%80%93_Drama" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama">Golden Globe Award for Best Motion Picture – Drama</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1943–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Song_of_Bernadette_(film)" title="The Song of Bernadette (film)">The Song of Bernadette</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_My_Way" title="Going My Way">Going My Way</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Weekend" title="The Lost Weekend">The Lost Weekend</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Agreement" title="Gentleman's Agreement">Gentleman's Agreement</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johnny_Belinda_(1948_film)" title="Johnny Belinda (1948 film)">Johnny Belinda</a> / <a href="/wiki/The_Treasure_of_the_Sierra_Madre_(film)" title="The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)">The Treasure of the Sierra Madre</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> (1950)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Place_in_the_Sun_(1951_film)" title="A Place in the Sun (1951 film)">A Place in the Sun</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Greatest_Show_on_Earth_(film)" title="The Greatest Show on Earth (film)">The Greatest Show on Earth</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Robe_(film)" title="The Robe (film)">The Robe</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_of_Eden_(film)" title="East of Eden (film)">East of Eden</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spartacus_(film)" title="Spartacus (film)">Spartacus</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guns_of_Navarone_(film)" title="The Guns of Navarone (film)">The Guns of Navarone</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lawrence_of_Arabia_(film)" title="Lawrence of Arabia (film)">Lawrence of Arabia</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cardinal" title="The Cardinal">The Cardinal</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becket_(1964_film)" title="Becket (1964 film)">Becket</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Doctor_Zhivago_(film)" title="Doctor Zhivago (film)">Doctor Zhivago</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(film)" title="In the Heat of the Night (film)">In the Heat of the Night</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter_(1968_film)" title="The Lion in Winter (1968 film)">The Lion in Winter</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anne_of_the_Thousand_Days" title="Anne of the Thousand Days">Anne of the Thousand Days</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Love_Story_(1970_film)" title="Love Story (1970 film)">Love Story</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_French_Connection_(film)" title="The French Connection (film)">The French Connection</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Godfather" title="The Godfather">The Godfather</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Exorcist" title="The Exorcist">The Exorcist</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinatown_(1974_film)" title="Chinatown (1974 film)">Chinatown</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/One_Flew_Over_the_Cuckoo%27s_Nest_(film)" title="One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest (film)">One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rocky" title="Rocky">Rocky</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Midnight_Express_(film)" title="Midnight Express (film)">Midnight Express</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_Golden_Pond_(1981_film)" title="On Golden Pond (1981 film)">On Golden Pond</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/E.T._the_Extra-Terrestrial" title="E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial">E.T. the Extra-Terrestrial</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Endearment" title="Terms of Endearment">Terms of Endearment</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amadeus_(film)" title="Amadeus (film)">Amadeus</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Out_of_Africa_(film)" title="Out of Africa (film)">Out of Africa</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platoon_(film)" title="Platoon (film)">Platoon</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Last_Emperor" title="The Last Emperor">The Last Emperor</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rain_Man" title="Rain Man">Rain Man</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Born_on_the_Fourth_of_July_(film)" title="Born on the Fourth of July (film)">Born on the Fourth of July</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_With_Wolves" title="Dances With Wolves">Dances With Wolves</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bugsy" title="Bugsy">Bugsy</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scent_of_a_Woman_(1992_film)" title="Scent of a Woman (1992 film)">Scent of a Woman</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_English_Patient_(film)" title="The English Patient (film)">The English Patient</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titanic_(1997_film)" title="Titanic (1997 film)">Titanic</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gladiator_(2000_film)" title="Gladiator (2000 film)">Gladiator</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #CFB53B;width:1%;background: #CFB53B">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Beautiful_Mind_(film)" title="A Beautiful Mind (film)">A Beautiful Mind</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)">The Hours</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Aviator_(2004_film)" title="The Aviator (2004 film)">The Aviator</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Babel_(film)" title="Babel (film)">Babel</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atonement_(2007_film)" title="Atonement (2007 film)">Atonement</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avatar_(2009_film)" title="Avatar (2009 film)">Avatar</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Descendants" title="The Descendants">The Descendants</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argo_(2012_film)" title="Argo (2012 film)">Argo</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/12_Years_a_Slave_(film)" title="12 Years a Slave (film)">12 Years a Slave</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Revenant_(2015_film)" title="The Revenant (2015 film)">The Revenant</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moonlight_(2016_film)" title="Moonlight (2016 film)">Moonlight</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Three_Billboards_Outside_Ebbing,_Missouri" title="Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri">Three Billboards Outside Ebbing, Missouri</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bohemian_Rhapsody_(film)" title="Bohemian Rhapsody (film)">Bohemian Rhapsody</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/1917_(2019_film)" title="1917 (2019 film)">1917</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nomadland" title="Nomadland">Nomadland</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Power_of_the_Dog_(film)" title="The Power of the Dog (film)">The Power of the Dog</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fabelmans" title="The Fabelmans">The Fabelmans</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oppenheimer_(film)" title="Oppenheimer (film)">Oppenheimer</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template talk:National Board of Review Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:National Board of Review Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/National_Board_of_Review_Award_for_Best_Film" title="National Board of Review Award for Best Film">National Board of Review Award for Best Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1932–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/I_Am_a_Fugitive_from_a_Chain_Gang" title="I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang">I Am a Fugitive from a Chain Gang</a> (1932)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topaze_(1933_American_film)" title="Topaze (1933 American film)">Topaze</a> (1933)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Happened_One_Night" title="It Happened One Night">It Happened One Night</a> (1934)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Informer_(1935_film)" title="The Informer (1935 film)">The Informer</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town" title="Mr. Deeds Goes to Town">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Must_Fall_(1937_film)" title="Night Must Fall (1937 film)">Night Must Fall</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_(1938_film)" title="The Citadel (1938 film)">The Citadel</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Confessions_of_a_Nazi_Spy" title="Confessions of a Nazi Spy">Confessions of a Nazi Spy</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Which_We_Serve" title="In Which We Serve">In Which We Serve</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Ox-Bow_Incident" title="The Ox-Bow Incident">The Ox-Bow Incident</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/None_but_the_Lonely_Heart_(film)" title="None but the Lonely Heart (film)">None But the Lonely Heart</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_True_Glory" title="The True Glory">The True Glory</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_V_(1944_film)" title="Henry V (1944 film)">Henry V</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monsieur_Verdoux" title="Monsieur Verdoux">Monsieur Verdoux</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paisan" title="Paisan">Paisan</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bicycle_Thieves" title="Bicycle Thieves">Bicycle Thieves</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sunset_Boulevard_(film)" title="Sunset Boulevard (film)">Sunset Boulevard</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Place_in_the_Sun_(1951_film)" title="A Place in the Sun (1951 film)">A Place in the Sun</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Quiet_Man" title="The Quiet Man">The Quiet Man</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar_(1953_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="Julius Caesar (1953 film)">Julius Caesar</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_(film)" title="Marty (film)">Marty</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Old_Man_and_the_Sea_(1958_film)" title="The Old Man and the Sea (1958 film)">The Old Man and the Sea</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers_(film)" title="Sons and Lovers (film)">Sons and Lovers</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Question_7" title="Question 7">Question 7</a> (1961)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Longest_Day_(film)" title="The Longest Day (film)">The Longest Day</a> (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Becket_(1964_film)" title="Becket (1964 film)">Becket</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eleanor_Roosevelt_Story" title="The Eleanor Roosevelt Story">The Eleanor Roosevelt Story</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_from_the_Madding_Crowd_(1967_film)" title="Far from the Madding Crowd (1967 film)">Far from the Madding Crowd</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Shoes_of_the_Fisherman_(film)" title="The Shoes of the Fisherman (film)">The Shoes of the Fisherman</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/They_Shoot_Horses,_Don%27t_They%3F_(film)" title="They Shoot Horses, Don't They? (film)">They Shoot Horses, Don't They?</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patton_(film)" title="Patton (film)">Patton</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macbeth_(1971_film)" title="Macbeth (1971 film)">Macbeth</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cabaret_(1972_film)" title="Cabaret (1972 film)">Cabaret</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Sting" title="The Sting">The Sting</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Conversation" title="The Conversation">The Conversation</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Lyndon" title="Barry Lyndon">Barry Lyndon</a> / <a href="/wiki/Nashville_(film)" title="Nashville (film)">Nashville</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)">All the President's Men</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turning_Point_(1977_film)" title="The Turning Point (1977 film)">The Turning Point</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Days_of_Heaven" title="Days of Heaven">Days of Heaven</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manhattan_(1979_film)" title="Manhattan (1979 film)">Manhattan</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chariots_of_Fire" title="Chariots of Fire">Chariots of Fire</a> / <a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Betrayal_(1983_film)" title="Betrayal (1983 film)">Betrayal</a> / <a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Endearment" title="Terms of Endearment">Terms of Endearment</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Passage_to_India_(film)" title="A Passage to India (film)">A Passage to India</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Color_Purple_(1985_film)" title="The Color Purple (1985 film)">The Color Purple</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Room_with_a_View_(1985_film)" title="A Room with a View (1985 film)">A Room with a View</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_the_Sun_(film)" title="Empire of the Sun (film)">Empire of the Sun</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Burning" title="Mississippi Burning">Mississippi Burning</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driving_Miss_Daisy" title="Driving Miss Daisy">Driving Miss Daisy</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dances_With_Wolves" title="Dances With Wolves">Dances With Wolves</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Howards_End_(film)" title="Howards End (film)">Howards End</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forrest_Gump" title="Forrest Gump">Forrest Gump</a> / <a href="/wiki/Pulp_Fiction" title="Pulp Fiction">Pulp Fiction</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sense_and_Sensibility_(film)" title="Sense and Sensibility (film)">Sense and Sensibility</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shine_(film)" title="Shine (film)">Shine</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gods_and_Monsters_(film)" title="Gods and Monsters (film)">Gods and Monsters</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Beauty_(1999_film)" title="American Beauty (1999 film)">American Beauty</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quills_(film)" title="Quills (film)">Quills</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Moulin_Rouge!" title="Moulin Rouge!">Moulin Rouge!</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hours_(film)" title="The Hours (film)">The Hours</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mystic_River_(film)" title="Mystic River (film)">Mystic River</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finding_Neverland_(film)" title="Finding Neverland (film)">Finding Neverland</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Good_Night,_and_Good_Luck" title="Good Night, and Good Luck">Good Night, and Good Luck</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Letters_from_Iwo_Jima" title="Letters from Iwo Jima">Letters from Iwo Jima</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Country_for_Old_Men" title="No Country for Old Men">No Country for Old Men</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slumdog_Millionaire" title="Slumdog Millionaire">Slumdog Millionaire</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Up_in_the_Air_(2009_film)" title="Up in the Air (2009 film)">Up in the Air</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_(film)" title="Hugo (film)">Hugo</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Dark_Thirty" title="Zero Dark Thirty">Zero Dark Thirty</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Her_(film)" title="Her (film)">Her</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Most_Violent_Year" title="A Most Violent Year">A Most Violent Year</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mad_Max:_Fury_Road" title="Mad Max: Fury Road">Mad Max: Fury Road</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manchester_by_the_Sea_(film)" title="Manchester by the Sea (film)">Manchester by the Sea</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Post_(film)" title="The Post (film)">The Post</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Green_Book_(film)" title="Green Book (film)">Green Book</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irishman" title="The Irishman">The Irishman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Da_5_Bloods" title="Da 5 Bloods">Da 5 Bloods</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Licorice_Pizza" title="Licorice Pizza">Licorice Pizza</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Top_Gun:_Maverick" title="Top Gun: Maverick">Top Gun: Maverick</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killers_of_the_Flower_Moon_(film)" title="Killers of the Flower Moon (film)">Killers of the Flower Moon</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Template talk:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" title="Special:EditPage/Template:New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_York_Film_Critics_Circle_Award_for_Best_Film" title="New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film">New York Film Critics Circle Award for Best Film</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1935–1950</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Informer_(1935_film)" title="The Informer (1935 film)">The Informer</a> (1935)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mr._Deeds_Goes_to_Town" title="Mr. Deeds Goes to Town">Mr. Deeds Goes to Town</a> (1936)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Life_of_Emile_Zola" title="The Life of Emile Zola">The Life of Emile Zola</a> (1937)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Citadel_(1938_film)" title="The Citadel (1938 film)">The Citadel</a> (1938)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wuthering_Heights_(1939_film)" title="Wuthering Heights (1939 film)">Wuthering Heights</a> (1939)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Grapes_of_Wrath_(film)" title="The Grapes of Wrath (film)">The Grapes of Wrath</a> (1940)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citizen_Kane" title="Citizen Kane">Citizen Kane</a> (1941)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_Which_We_Serve" title="In Which We Serve">In Which We Serve</a> (1942)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Watch_on_the_Rhine" title="Watch on the Rhine">Watch on the Rhine</a> (1943)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Going_My_Way" title="Going My Way">Going My Way</a> (1944)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lost_Weekend" title="The Lost Weekend">The Lost Weekend</a> (1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Best_Years_of_Our_Lives" title="The Best Years of Our Lives">The Best Years of Our Lives</a> (1946)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gentleman%27s_Agreement" title="Gentleman's Agreement">Gentleman's Agreement</a> (1947)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Treasure_of_the_Sierra_Madre_(film)" title="The Treasure of the Sierra Madre (film)">The Treasure of the Sierra Madre</a> (1948)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_the_King%27s_Men_(1949_film)" title="All the King's Men (1949 film)">All the King's Men</a> (1949)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_About_Eve" title="All About Eve">All About Eve</a> (1950)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1951–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/A_Streetcar_Named_Desire_(1951_film)" title="A Streetcar Named Desire (1951 film)">A Streetcar Named Desire</a> (1951)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/High_Noon" title="High Noon">High Noon</a> (1952)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/From_Here_to_Eternity" title="From Here to Eternity">From Here to Eternity</a> (1953)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/On_the_Waterfront" title="On the Waterfront">On the Waterfront</a> (1954)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marty_(film)" title="Marty (film)">Marty</a> (1955)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Around_the_World_in_80_Days_(1956_film)" title="Around the World in 80 Days (1956 film)">Around the World in 80 Days</a> (1956)</li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">The Bridge on the River Kwai</a> (1957)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Defiant_Ones" title="The Defiant Ones">The Defiant Ones</a> (1958)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben-Hur_(1959_film)" title="Ben-Hur (1959 film)">Ben-Hur</a> (1959)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Apartment" title="The Apartment">The Apartment</a> / <a href="/wiki/Sons_and_Lovers_(film)" title="Sons and Lovers (film)">Sons and Lovers</a> (1960)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Side_Story_(1961_film)" title="West Side Story (1961 film)">West Side Story</a> (1961)</li> <li>No Award (1962)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Jones_(1963_film)" title="Tom Jones (1963 film)">Tom Jones</a> (1963)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Fair_Lady_(film)" title="My Fair Lady (film)">My Fair Lady</a> (1964)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darling_(1965_film)" title="Darling (1965 film)">Darling</a> (1965)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Man_for_All_Seasons_(1966_film)" title="A Man for All Seasons (1966 film)">A Man for All Seasons</a> (1966)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/In_the_Heat_of_the_Night_(film)" title="In the Heat of the Night (film)">In the Heat of the Night</a> (1967)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_in_Winter_(1968_film)" title="The Lion in Winter (1968 film)">The Lion in Winter</a> (1968)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Z_(1969_film)" title="Z (1969 film)">Z</a> (1969)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Easy_Pieces" title="Five Easy Pieces">Five Easy Pieces</a> (1970)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Clockwork_Orange_(film)" title="A Clockwork Orange (film)">A Clockwork Orange</a> (1971)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cries_and_Whispers" title="Cries and Whispers">Cries and Whispers</a> (1972)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Day_for_Night_(film)" title="Day for Night (film)">Day for Night</a> (1973)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amarcord" title="Amarcord">Amarcord</a> (1974)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nashville_(film)" title="Nashville (film)">Nashville</a> (1975)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/All_the_President%27s_Men_(film)" title="All the President's Men (film)">All the President's Men</a> (1976)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annie_Hall" title="Annie Hall">Annie Hall</a> (1977)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Deer_Hunter" title="The Deer Hunter">The Deer Hunter</a> (1978)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kramer_vs._Kramer" title="Kramer vs. Kramer">Kramer vs. Kramer</a> (1979)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ordinary_People" title="Ordinary People">Ordinary People</a> (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reds_(film)" title="Reds (film)">Reds</a> (1981)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gandhi_(film)" title="Gandhi (film)">Gandhi</a> (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terms_of_Endearment" title="Terms of Endearment">Terms of Endearment</a> (1983)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/A_Passage_to_India_(film)" title="A Passage to India (film)">A Passage to India</a> (1984)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prizzi%27s_Honor" title="Prizzi's Honor">Prizzi's Honor</a> (1985)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hannah_and_Her_Sisters" title="Hannah and Her Sisters">Hannah and Her Sisters</a> (1986)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadcast_News_(film)" title="Broadcast News (film)">Broadcast News</a> (1987)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Accidental_Tourist_(film)" title="The Accidental Tourist (film)">The Accidental Tourist</a> (1988)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/My_Left_Foot" title="My Left Foot">My Left Foot</a> (1989)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goodfellas" title="Goodfellas">Goodfellas</a> (1990)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Silence_of_the_Lambs_(film)" title="The Silence of the Lambs (film)">The Silence of the Lambs</a> (1991)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Player_(1992_film)" title="The Player (1992 film)">The Player</a> (1992)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schindler%27s_List" title="Schindler's List">Schindler's List</a> (1993)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiz_Show_(film)" title="Quiz Show (film)">Quiz Show</a> (1994)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leaving_Las_Vegas" title="Leaving Las Vegas">Leaving Las Vegas</a> (1995)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fargo_(1996_film)" title="Fargo (1996 film)">Fargo</a> (1996)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/L.A._Confidential_(film)" title="L.A. Confidential (film)">L.A. Confidential</a> (1997)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saving_Private_Ryan" title="Saving Private Ryan">Saving Private Ryan</a> (1998)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Topsy-Turvy" title="Topsy-Turvy">Topsy-Turvy</a> (1999)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traffic_(2000_film)" title="Traffic (2000 film)">Traffic</a> (2000)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mulholland_Drive_(film)" title="Mulholland Drive (film)">Mulholland Drive</a> (2001)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Far_from_Heaven" title="Far from Heaven">Far from Heaven</a> (2002)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Lord_of_the_Rings:_The_Return_of_the_King" title="The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King">The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King</a> (2003)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sideways" title="Sideways">Sideways</a> (2004)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brokeback_Mountain" title="Brokeback Mountain">Brokeback Mountain</a> (2005)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_93_(film)" title="United 93 (film)">United 93</a> (2006)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/No_Country_for_Old_Men" title="No Country for Old Men">No Country for Old Men</a> (2007)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milk_(2008_American_film)" title="Milk (2008 American film)">Milk</a> (2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Hurt_Locker" title="The Hurt Locker">The Hurt Locker</a> (2009)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Social_Network" title="The Social Network">The Social Network</a> (2010)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Artist_(film)" title="The Artist (film)">The Artist</a> (2011)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zero_Dark_Thirty" title="Zero Dark Thirty">Zero Dark Thirty</a> (2012)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Hustle" title="American Hustle">American Hustle</a> (2013)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boyhood_(2014_film)" title="Boyhood (2014 film)">Boyhood</a> (2014)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(film)" title="Carol (film)">Carol</a> (2015)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_La_Land" title="La La Land">La La Land</a> (2016)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lady_Bird_(film)" title="Lady Bird (film)">Lady Bird</a> (2017)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roma_(2018_film)" title="Roma (2018 film)">Roma</a> (2018)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Irishman" title="The Irishman">The Irishman</a> (2019)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_Cow" title="First Cow">First Cow</a> (2020)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drive_My_Car_(film)" title="Drive My Car (film)">Drive My Car</a> (2021)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A1r" title="Tár">Tár</a> (2022)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Killers_of_the_Flower_Moon_(film)" title="Killers of the Flower Moon (film)">Killers of the Flower Moon</a> (2023)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188718#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188718#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/316753671">VIAF</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/7622859-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/no2003007886">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14663309n">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb14663309n">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX4112939">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058516975006706">Catalonia</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/177678364">IdRef</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&oldid=1258207863">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&oldid=1258207863</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1957_films" title="Category:1957 films">1957 films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1957_drama_films" title="Category:1957 drama films">1957 drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1957_war_films" title="Category:1957 war films">1957 war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_American_films" title="Category:1950s American films">1950s American films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_British_films" title="Category:1950s British films">1950s British films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_English-language_films" title="Category:1950s English-language films">1950s English-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1950s_Japanese-language_films" title="Category:1950s Japanese-language films">1950s Japanese-language films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_works_by_Pierre_Boulle" title="Category:Films based on works by Pierre Boulle">Films based on works by Pierre Boulle</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_epic_films" title="Category:American epic films">American epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_war_drama_films" title="Category:American war drama films">American war drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:American_World_War_II_films" title="Category:American World War II films">American World War II films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anti-war_films_about_World_War_II" title="Category:Anti-war films about World War II">Anti-war films about World War II</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_British_Film_BAFTA_Award_winners" title="Category:Best British Film BAFTA Award winners">Best British Film BAFTA Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Drama_Picture_Golden_Globe_winners" title="Category:Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners">Best Drama Picture Golden Globe winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Film_BAFTA_Award_winners" title="Category:Best Film BAFTA Award winners">Best Film BAFTA Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Best_Picture_Academy_Award_winners" title="Category:Best Picture Academy Award winners">Best Picture Academy Award winners</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_epic_films" title="Category:British epic films">British epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_war_drama_films" title="Category:British war drama films">British war drama films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:British_World_War_II_films" title="Category:British World War II films">British World War II films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burma_Campaign_films" title="Category:Burma Campaign films">Burma Campaign films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Burma_Railway" title="Category:Burma Railway">Burma Railway</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CinemaScope_films" title="Category:CinemaScope films">CinemaScope films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Columbia_Pictures_films" title="Category:Columbia Pictures films">Columbia Pictures films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_bridges" title="Category:Films about bridges">Films about bridges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_identity_theft" title="Category:Films about identity theft">Films about identity theft</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_about_the_British_Army" title="Category:Films about the British Army">Films about the British Army</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_French_novels" title="Category:Films based on French novels">Films based on French novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_based_on_military_novels" title="Category:Films based on military novels">Films based on military novels</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_directed_by_David_Lean" title="Category:Films directed by David Lean">Films directed by David Lean</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_featuring_a_Best_Actor_Academy_Award%E2%80%93winning_performance" title="Category:Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award–winning performance">Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award–winning performance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_featuring_a_Best_Drama_Actor_Golden_Globe_winning_performance" title="Category:Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance">Films featuring a Best Drama Actor Golden Globe winning performance</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_produced_by_Sam_Spiegel" title="Category:Films produced by Sam Spiegel">Films produced by Sam Spiegel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_scored_by_Malcolm_Arnold" title="Category:Films scored by Malcolm Arnold">Films scored by Malcolm Arnold</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_jungles" title="Category:Films set in jungles">Films set in jungles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_the_1940s" title="Category:Films set in the 1940s">Films set in the 1940s</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Thailand" title="Category:Films set in Thailand">Films set in Thailand</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_set_in_Kanchanaburi" title="Category:Films set in Kanchanaburi">Films set in Kanchanaburi</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_shot_in_Sri_Lanka" title="Category:Films shot in Sri Lanka">Films shot in Sri Lanka</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_that_won_the_Best_Original_Score_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award">Films that won the Best Original Score Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_cinematographer_won_the_Best_Cinematography_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award">Films whose cinematographer won the Best Cinematography Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_director_won_the_Best_Directing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose director won the Best Directing Academy Award">Films whose director won the Best Directing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_director_won_the_Best_Director_Golden_Globe" title="Category:Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe">Films whose director won the Best Director Golden Globe</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_editor_won_the_Best_Film_Editing_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award">Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_whose_writer_won_the_Best_Adapted_Screenplay_Academy_Award" title="Category:Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award">Films whose writer won the Best Adapted Screenplay Academy Award</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Carl_Foreman" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Carl Foreman">Films with screenplays by Carl Foreman</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Films_with_screenplays_by_Michael_Wilson_(writer)" title="Category:Films with screenplays by Michael Wilson (writer)">Films with screenplays by Michael Wilson (writer)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Horizon_Pictures_films" title="Category:Horizon Pictures films">Horizon Pictures films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Japan_in_non-Japanese_culture" title="Category:Japan in non-Japanese culture">Japan in non-Japanese culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pacific_War_films" title="Category:Pacific War films">Pacific War films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rail_transport_films" title="Category:Rail transport films">Rail transport films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_National_Film_Registry_films" title="Category:United States National Film Registry films">United States National Film Registry films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:War_epic_films" title="Category:War epic films">War epic films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_prisoner_of_war_films" title="Category:World War II prisoner of war films">World War II prisoner of war films</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:English-language_war_films" title="Category:English-language war films">English-language war films</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_July_2020" title="Category:Use dmy dates from July 2020">Use dmy dates from July 2020</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Template_film_date_with_3_release_dates" title="Category:Template film date with 3 release dates">Template film date with 3 release dates</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_hAudio_microformats" title="Category:Articles with hAudio microformats">Articles with hAudio microformats</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Album_articles_lacking_alt_text_for_covers" title="Category:Album articles lacking alt text for covers">Album articles lacking alt text for covers</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024">Articles with unsourced statements from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Commons_category_link_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Commons category link from Wikidata">Commons category link from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rotten_Tomatoes_ID_same_as_Wikidata" title="Category:Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata">Rotten Tomatoes ID same as Wikidata</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 18 November 2024, at 18:54 (UTC).</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-g6cgs","wgBackendResponseTime":257,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"1.299","walltime":"1.727","ppvisitednodes":{"value":11209,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":438373,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":112329,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":24,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":9,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":320857,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":1,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 1409.936 1 -total"," 29.63% 417.721 1 Template:Reflist"," 13.07% 184.315 22 Template:Cite_web"," 12.22% 172.346 2 Template:Infobox"," 9.81% 138.294 1 Template:Infobox_film"," 8.97% 126.443 28 Template:Cite_book"," 8.87% 125.090 1 Template:IMDb_title"," 6.93% 97.666 1 Template:Navboxes"," 6.12% 86.267 7 Template:Navbox"," 6.09% 85.893 1 Template:Infobox_album"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.695","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":12285688,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-5dc468848-8mmwm","timestamp":"20241124130941","ttl":3600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"The Bridge on the River Kwai","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188718","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q188718","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2002-03-04T20:07:11Z","dateModified":"2024-11-18T18:54:41Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/d9\/The_Bridge_on_the_River_Kwai_%281958_US_poster_-_Style_A%29.jpg","headline":"1957 film directed by David Lean"}</script> </body> </html>