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Box 20679, Lilongwe 2, Malawi<br /><div class="js-profile-less-about u-linkUnstyled u-tcGrayDarker u-textDecorationUnderline u-displayNone">less</div></div></div><div class="ri-section"><div class="ri-section-header"><span>Interests</span><a class="ri-more-link js-profile-ri-list-card" data-click-track="profile-user-info-primary-research-interest" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485">View All (29)</a></div><div class="ri-tags-container"><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Exploration_and_Mining_Geology"><div id="js-react-on-rails-context" style="display:none" data-rails-context="{"inMailer":false,"i18nLocale":"en","i18nDefaultLocale":"en","href":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu","location":"/grainmalungaacademiaedu","scheme":"https","host":"independent.academia.edu","port":null,"pathname":"/grainmalungaacademiaedu","search":null,"httpAcceptLanguage":null,"serverSide":false}"></div> <div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Exploration and Mining Geology"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-742f89b7-98d6-4985-8342-8b5d2e83c50d"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-742f89b7-98d6-4985-8342-8b5d2e83c50d"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Management"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Environmental Management"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-f307f289-db6c-4143-88c1-84908259a1bf"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-f307f289-db6c-4143-88c1-84908259a1bf"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Feasibility_Study"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Feasibility Study"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-0a8dd9e3-ce94-4807-a69a-119f195a98dc"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-0a8dd9e3-ce94-4807-a69a-119f195a98dc"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Geographic_Information_Systems_GIS_"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Geographic Information Systems (GIS)"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-84bf3c5d-8d11-4e53-9cfa-a162b90786d7"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-84bf3c5d-8d11-4e53-9cfa-a162b90786d7"></div> </a><a data-click-track="profile-user-info-expand-research-interests" data-has-card-for-ri-list="13291485" href="https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Environmental_Engineering"><div class="js-react-on-rails-component" style="display:none" data-component-name="Pill" data-props="{"color":"gray","children":["Environmental Engineering"]}" data-trace="false" data-dom-id="Pill-react-component-672de5b1-8bf8-4f58-90d7-26a5e4cdc3d3"></div> <div id="Pill-react-component-672de5b1-8bf8-4f58-90d7-26a5e4cdc3d3"></div> </a></div></div><div class="external-links-container"><ul class="profile-links new-profile js-UserInfo-social"><li class="left-most js-UserInfo-social-cv" data-broccoli-component="user-info.cv-button" data-click-track="profile-user-info-cv" data-cv-filename="7_03_23_CV_for_Grain_Malunga.docx" data-placement="top" data-toggle="tooltip" href="/grainmalungaacademiaedu/CurriculumVitae"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--small" style="font-size: 20px; 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These minerals are widely dist...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. Malawi is now known to host the largest saprolite titanium deposit in the world.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9291f7637be5d836252f46b5b6e0fc9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119228246,"asset_id":125130786,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119228246/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125130786"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125130786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130786]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125130786']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125130786, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c9291f7637be5d836252f46b5b6e0fc9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125130786]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125130786,"title":"Titanium minerals in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. Malawi is now known to host the largest saprolite titanium deposit in the world.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. 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Mineral beneficiation is transformation of a mineral or a combination of minerals to a higher value product which can either be consumed locally or exported. Mineral value addition is the process of turning raw ores and concentrates into usable chemicals and metals. These processes bring much needed technological revolution, high revenue and job creation. The prerequisite for this is investing in industrial inputs such as energy, water, and technology to encourage beneficiation. The field of mineral processing has been given other titles such as mineral dressing, ore dressing, mineral extraction, mineral beneficiation, and mineral engineering. These terms are often used interchangeably. This paper looks at beneficiation and value addition in the proper context in which they should be understood and applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0c6e891cf32c0d490c4c5ecfb188478" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119227889,"asset_id":125130050,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119227889/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125130050"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125130050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130050; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130050]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130050; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125130050']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125130050, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d0c6e891cf32c0d490c4c5ecfb188478" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125130050]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125130050,"title":"Beneficiation and Value addition in the Mining Sector","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ore beneficiation and mineral value addition bring more financial and economic benefits from our mineral resources. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124054903"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124054903/MALAWI_CHAMBER_OF_MINES_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_2024"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118351367/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124054903/MALAWI_CHAMBER_OF_MINES_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_2024">MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining & Trade Review Vol. 146</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining secto...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining sectors (ATM) the country into economic development. The Malawi Chamber of Mines and Energy has taken leadership to develop Malawi's critical minerals by 2027. This will not only create wealth but also generate employment, skills transfer and create market for goods and services.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7c5ff587980ffededde3bcc72c2f1695" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118351367,"asset_id":124054903,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118351367/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124054903"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124054903"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124054903; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124054903]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124054903]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124054903; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124054903']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124054903, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7c5ff587980ffededde3bcc72c2f1695" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124054903]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124054903,"title":"MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining sectors (ATM) the country into economic development. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123702152"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123702152/Gypsum_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gypsum in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118071709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123702152/Gypsum_in_Malawi">Gypsum in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. On average the clays of the dambos contain about 7% gypsum with 60% of this existing as fine material mixed with and sand particles. There is a lot of potential in using this fraction cement and fertilizer manufacturing while the other can be used for chalk and POP manufacturing.<br />There is need for the manufacturing companies to support the artisanal and small scale miners with capital and technology to increase production. Partnership with tertiary institutions on technology research and development is encouraged.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf7addd5b7eeb673de290294718cabb8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118071709,"asset_id":123702152,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118071709/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123702152"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123702152"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123702152; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123702152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123702152]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123702152; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123702152']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123702152, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf7addd5b7eeb673de290294718cabb8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123702152]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123702152,"title":"Gypsum in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. On average the clays of the dambos contain about 7% gypsum with 60% of this existing as fine material mixed with and sand particles. There is a lot of potential in using this fraction cement and fertilizer manufacturing while the other can be used for chalk and POP manufacturing.\nThere is need for the manufacturing companies to support the artisanal and small scale miners with capital and technology to increase production. Partnership with tertiary institutions on technology research and development is encouraged.","ai_title_tag":"Utilization and Potential of Gypsum in Malawi's Dambos","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Mining and Trade Review"},"translated_abstract":"Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. 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P. MALUNGA FIMMM, DFIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123049414/CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA">CERAMIC AND BRICK CLAYS IN MALAWI BY GRAIN W. P. MALUNGA FIMMM, DFIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research work has shown that deposits for ceramic and brick clays exist widely in Malawi. These a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research work has shown that deposits for ceramic and brick clays exist widely in Malawi. These are associated with dambo sedimentation. They also lie on weathered bedrock of anorthosite and syenite bodies, quartz feldspathic gneiss and pegmatitic bodies. Some research work was conducted at Linthipe in Dedza,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da718e458777cb746f9efdf524d86db0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117576307,"asset_id":123049414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123049414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123049414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123049414; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123049414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123049414]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123049414; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123049414']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123049414, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "da718e458777cb746f9efdf524d86db0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123049414]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123049414,"title":"CERAMIC AND BRICK CLAYS IN MALAWI BY GRAIN W. 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Some research work was conducted at Linthipe in Dedza,","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123049414/CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-20T03:36:15.674-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117576307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117576307/20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI-libre.pdf?1724154145=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=O5aW7d6ee-nBffL~U4pkjFyjTWuHZjORBDBBkqtAFve8SzDqM~0ovvL~j87AFDnnq1dMbcPOpo2L6AnbXOCI7mCbgi5QEUqd9stvveihYuzb5MckByFp6SmIKFX7hUn09G32naRhLxgDC7eK5AapOLA6L-D8mEbBWVdfNx6GpcisHUJRy6eKe2k3eFIg-841Zq7CPop8FYesqpMVCqLG9-w9xaCa4jUXdboLjUQbHO9~d4qdUhGyQ-KHBShfZrCsiXf3AkyUvYy92zIAjrkARj5wzimphWfhKXPdtjX0xHLpq5i3qRlhLcn6UODGGtcpgJzTnACHoW7Lt1aLbvCpfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":117576307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117576307/20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI-libre.pdf?1724154145=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=O5aW7d6ee-nBffL~U4pkjFyjTWuHZjORBDBBkqtAFve8SzDqM~0ovvL~j87AFDnnq1dMbcPOpo2L6AnbXOCI7mCbgi5QEUqd9stvveihYuzb5MckByFp6SmIKFX7hUn09G32naRhLxgDC7eK5AapOLA6L-D8mEbBWVdfNx6GpcisHUJRy6eKe2k3eFIg-841Zq7CPop8FYesqpMVCqLG9-w9xaCa4jUXdboLjUQbHO9~d4qdUhGyQ-KHBShfZrCsiXf3AkyUvYy92zIAjrkARj5wzimphWfhKXPdtjX0xHLpq5i3qRlhLcn6UODGGtcpgJzTnACHoW7Lt1aLbvCpfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics"},{"id":156237,"name":"Wealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wealth"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121718693"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121718693/Kyanite_Resorces_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kyanite Resorces in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116532889/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121718693/Kyanite_Resorces_in_Malawi">Kyanite Resorces in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory products such as bricks, mortars, and kiln furniture used in high-temperature furnaces. It is added also to glass formulations to enhance their quality and durability for high-temperature resistance. The mineral is found in central Malawi in high grade metamorphic rocks. University and college students can be encouraged to go into "research and development" through partnership with the industry in developing refractory products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b40ea569f08b7085d8d55155328c40fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116532889,"asset_id":121718693,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116532889/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121718693"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121718693"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121718693; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121718693]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121718693]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121718693; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121718693']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121718693, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b40ea569f08b7085d8d55155328c40fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121718693]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121718693,"title":"Kyanite Resorces in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory products such as bricks, mortars, and kiln furniture used in high-temperature furnaces. 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By" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121642189/PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By">PROSPECTING AND GRADING OF GEMSTONES: A GUIDE TO SMALL SCALE MINERS IN MALAWI. By</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common ge...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dfc455caec8e9494a75b6a30c1034045" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116472197,"asset_id":121642189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121642189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121642189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121642189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121642189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121642189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121642189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121642189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121642189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dfc455caec8e9494a75b6a30c1034045" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121642189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121642189,"title":"PROSPECTING AND GRADING OF GEMSTONES: A GUIDE TO SMALL SCALE MINERS IN MALAWI. By","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Mining and Trade Review"},"translated_abstract":"Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121642189/PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-30T03:23:42.734-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":116472197,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116472197/30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading-libre.pdf?1719746785=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=CBN9UKkwTVJxASrD907EUjUGrrZ0i0dmIo~WBAcgm8aN5DMggzFwn~MIddqrBa~RhEjkQFKLLQKmRY8-dSAjdMM0wJmup1EL4-jL5HHbrp23mOVnvLVtANqNPTShDPYw9Orq-G1nDOyPMxAkLO2rP~DHt7NB-~zXOm4oc5VK8TCfbf597UUJwZ3JFZD15fYnDtcDeWCDJ-FlhcL0g2euLQFNjLnwCPmK0b-7cE15ZVlUzBVJC3HlwZ4uSddzo3F1k7PPrd~1lJod7QBtVKVKK1VIi5OXpZigDNrOUl9pZd95ynM2Xq-KUleXvM0dNMYixJqFUdy5y6vElEkUI4Xm8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":116472197,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116472197/30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading-libre.pdf?1719746785=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=CBN9UKkwTVJxASrD907EUjUGrrZ0i0dmIo~WBAcgm8aN5DMggzFwn~MIddqrBa~RhEjkQFKLLQKmRY8-dSAjdMM0wJmup1EL4-jL5HHbrp23mOVnvLVtANqNPTShDPYw9Orq-G1nDOyPMxAkLO2rP~DHt7NB-~zXOm4oc5VK8TCfbf597UUJwZ3JFZD15fYnDtcDeWCDJ-FlhcL0g2euLQFNjLnwCPmK0b-7cE15ZVlUzBVJC3HlwZ4uSddzo3F1k7PPrd~1lJod7QBtVKVKK1VIi5OXpZigDNrOUl9pZd95ynM2Xq-KUleXvM0dNMYixJqFUdy5y6vElEkUI4Xm8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":120740,"name":"Mining \u0026 Exploration Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_and_Exploration_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120803284"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120803284/Talc_occurences_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Talc occurences in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115838071/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120803284/Talc_occurences_in_Malawi">Talc occurences in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. It is the softest mineral and is ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. It is the softest mineral and is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and lubricant. It is an ingredient in ceramics and paints. In Malawi it is found as a product of metamorphic basic rocks such as serpentenised pyroxenites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79c94414a780136bfe132d6c351f2a8b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115838071,"asset_id":120803284,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115838071/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120803284"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120803284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120803284; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120803284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120803284]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120803284; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120803284']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 120803284, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79c94414a780136bfe132d6c351f2a8b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120803284]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120803284,"title":"Talc occurences in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. 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Most activities are at exploration stage and v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The minerals sector in Malawi is at infancy stage. Most activities are at exploration stage and very few small scale mines exist. These cannot significantly contribute to nation economic development. The minerals sector has made significant exploration progress in the past 10 years. The country has the ability to create wealth through export of energy transition minerals and other strategic minerals. The country has rare earths, rutile, graphite and uranium that are world class energy transition minerals. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115927429"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115927429/PROPOSED_INVESTIMENT_INCENTIVES_FOR_THE_MINING_SCETOR"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112198347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115927429/PROPOSED_INVESTIMENT_INCENTIVES_FOR_THE_MINING_SCETOR">PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. There is need to come up with mine specific investment incentives in order to promote mineral exploration and mining. These investment incentives should have the capability of cushioning mining as a high risk, long term and stable revenue generator with the ability to create sovereign wealth fund. Global mining risks Mining is a high risk, long-lived business that is capital-intensive with, with significant investment in exploration and development mostly sourced from the private sector. It has long periods of preproduction during which no revenue is earned. It depends on successful exploration, favorable commodity prices and a stable exchange rate.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="22c0abd99c81f60ab2ebe84c7678d126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112198347,"asset_id":115927429,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112198347/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115927429"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115927429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115927429; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115927429]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115927429]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115927429; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115927429']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115927429, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "22c0abd99c81f60ab2ebe84c7678d126" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115927429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115927429,"title":"PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. There is need to come up with mine specific investment incentives in order to promote mineral exploration and mining. These investment incentives should have the capability of cushioning mining as a high risk, long term and stable revenue generator with the ability to create sovereign wealth fund. Global mining risks Mining is a high risk, long-lived business that is capital-intensive with, with significant investment in exploration and development mostly sourced from the private sector. It has long periods of preproduction during which no revenue is earned. It depends on successful exploration, favorable commodity prices and a stable exchange rate.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114423122"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114423122/An_analysis_of_Malawis_Mining_Investment_Attractiveness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111125521/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114423122/An_analysis_of_Malawis_Mining_Investment_Attractiveness">An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favoura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. This paper looks at issues that need to be considered in order to attract investment in the mining sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="84a4804370144b68b8ed55fb07e1389a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111125521,"asset_id":114423122,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111125521/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114423122"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114423122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114423122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114423122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114423122]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114423122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114423122']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114423122, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "84a4804370144b68b8ed55fb07e1389a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114423122]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114423122,"title":"An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. This paper looks at issues that need to be considered in order to attract investment in the mining sector.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. 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Sustainable mining meets society's requirements for resources today while ensuring the future needs of generations to come. Sustainability issues revolve around addressing negative impacts arising from Environment, Social, and Governance. 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They cover issues related with government revenue and other social economic issues affecting mining communities. Security of tenure and stability clauses are included. To avoid revenue from the natural resource sector benefit a few influential individuals, Mine Development Agreement becomes the most important document which is guided by the constitution, mining laws, business and labour laws, taxation acts and related regulations. These contracts become relevant where governments are characterized by weak institutions, corruption and political instability. One of the most important contracts is the Mine Development Agreement. Negotiations are done with a team of experts in natural resource development and development economics. In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04701edce3eb6a0cc416d35d77cd318c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105328282,"asset_id":106020550,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106020550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106020550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106020550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106020550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106020550]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106020550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='106020550']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 106020550, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04701edce3eb6a0cc416d35d77cd318c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=106020550]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":106020550,"title":"THE NATURE OF MINING CONTRACTS","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mining contracts are agreements entered into between government and a mining company with an aim to develop mineral resources. 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In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Mining contracts are agreements entered into between government and a mining company with an aim to develop mineral resources. They cover issues related with government revenue and other social economic issues affecting mining communities. Security of tenure and stability clauses are included. To avoid revenue from the natural resource sector benefit a few influential individuals, Mine Development Agreement becomes the most important document which is guided by the constitution, mining laws, business and labour laws, taxation acts and related regulations. These contracts become relevant where governments are characterized by weak institutions, corruption and political instability. 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In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106020550/THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-27T23:18:41.989-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105328282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105328282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105328282/28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS-libre.pdf?1693206906=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=QAiILVjvmFgWXIyAxggHkgXIyTJIYFuNIE1CtBEuo6qLl4X05Pf4Ech~2PDg8ys~3NTMZycKbfQViO2f4hcoPczU2XYKAkOd1hIw8~m9EHe-D1zqOnYa35o8Kzi~PqXzk~K3gTxM2bUyuAwSITlTG3rCy~MAMLRUI50jISQAP4TT783sTXGmQg4ms6YaLL92ELJ5eaqqabZnDkFhQjy5jlMtnWe3yI2O09~7GcKy0fR-v1uvGcEG14nAprLvSOuRET9ALCyGq19cePNlZLkf6re591RPGidlR55cl118WULPEqRq4QrTFtGD303Bn96DCjl3iC~JFHfw0nbBJsCVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":105328282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105328282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105328282/28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS-libre.pdf?1693206906=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=QAiILVjvmFgWXIyAxggHkgXIyTJIYFuNIE1CtBEuo6qLl4X05Pf4Ech~2PDg8ys~3NTMZycKbfQViO2f4hcoPczU2XYKAkOd1hIw8~m9EHe-D1zqOnYa35o8Kzi~PqXzk~K3gTxM2bUyuAwSITlTG3rCy~MAMLRUI50jISQAP4TT783sTXGmQg4ms6YaLL92ELJ5eaqqabZnDkFhQjy5jlMtnWe3yI2O09~7GcKy0fR-v1uvGcEG14nAprLvSOuRET9ALCyGq19cePNlZLkf6re591RPGidlR55cl118WULPEqRq4QrTFtGD303Bn96DCjl3iC~JFHfw0nbBJsCVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining"},{"id":114483,"name":"Mining Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_Law"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104505508"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104505508/ENERGY_TRANSITION_MINERALS_IN_MALAWI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104216899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104505508/ENERGY_TRANSITION_MINERALS_IN_MALAWI">ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Malawi is a green field country in terms of exploration and mining. Recent studies have shown tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Malawi is a green field country in terms of exploration and mining. Recent studies have shown that it is potentially a key provider of energy transition minerals such as rare earths, rutile, graphite, uranium and aluminium. There is potential to exploit manganese in carbonatites such as Songwe and Kangankunde. ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI Global Climate Change Coal, oil and gas are fossil fuels that contribute to global climate change and they account for 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions. 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Samples are not part of ore extraction. The value of samples are tied to information they give to advance exploration projects into mining projects. Mineral Exploration Mineral exploration is an activity that helps identify minerals that can be commercially extracted or mined in the future. Geologists and prospectors look for minerals in rocks and soils including clues as to where a deposit may be hidden. Large areas are mapped and sampled leading to smaller target areas. These target areas are characterized using a combination of geological, geophysical, and geochemical tools to provide indirect indications for reducing the search radius.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90c9fa49533c0b1cab719e4b1c3027e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99997202,"asset_id":98722901,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99997202/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98722901"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98722901"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98722901; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98722901]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98722901]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98722901; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98722901']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98722901, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90c9fa49533c0b1cab719e4b1c3027e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98722901]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98722901,"title":"Sampling for resource targeting in mining","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Samples assist with decision-making to advance exploration activities, resource estimation, grade control, and plant design. Samples are not part of ore extraction. The value of samples are tied to information they give to advance exploration projects into mining projects. Mineral Exploration Mineral exploration is an activity that helps identify minerals that can be commercially extracted or mined in the future. Geologists and prospectors look for minerals in rocks and soils including clues as to where a deposit may be hidden. Large areas are mapped and sampled leading to smaller target areas. These target areas are characterized using a combination of geological, geophysical, and geochemical tools to provide indirect indications for reducing the search radius.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Samples assist with decision-making to advance exploration activities, resource estimation, grade control, and plant design. Samples are not part of ore extraction. 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Recoverable reserves in six d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. The deposits are suitable for the manufacture of good quality glass. The Lake Chiuta sand bar is estimated to have 25 million tonnes of glass sand containing 92.7% silica and 0.62% iron. Further beneficiation will improve the quality of the sand to make it suitable for the manufacture of plate glass and amber glass containers. Scrubbing and magnetic separation can lower iron percentage and unlock more production of other glass products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4925302aae161c2ab28dc670878ab11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":91673745,"asset_id":87476382,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91673745/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="87476382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="87476382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87476382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87476382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87476382]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87476382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='87476382']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 87476382, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4925302aae161c2ab28dc670878ab11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=87476382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":87476382,"title":"Malawi glass sand","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. The deposits are suitable for the manufacture of good quality glass. The Lake Chiuta sand bar is estimated to have 25 million tonnes of glass sand containing 92.7% silica and 0.62% iron. Further beneficiation will improve the quality of the sand to make it suitable for the manufacture of plate glass and amber glass containers. Scrubbing and magnetic separation can lower iron percentage and unlock more production of other glass products.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. The deposits are suitable for the manufacture of good quality glass. The Lake Chiuta sand bar is estimated to have 25 million tonnes of glass sand containing 92.7% silica and 0.62% iron. Further beneficiation will improve the quality of the sand to make it suitable for the manufacture of plate glass and amber glass containers. Scrubbing and magnetic separation can lower iron percentage and unlock more production of other glass products.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/87476382/Malawi_glass_sand","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2022-09-28T03:08:00.811-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":91673745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/91673745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_09_22_Malawi_glass_sand.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91673745/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Malawi_glass_sand.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/91673745/28_09_22_Malawi_glass_sand-libre.pdf?1664369335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMalawi_glass_sand.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041338\u0026Signature=fMK9qUkA2HJst6OGr6n4-LJD068iIoUnOV07kWru2t0HKKiU~cO-qlcHubED2rZV1zG~qbNFzYfJveDzECxpNOPX5fEuDc1kg0Fw2x58Of~lmvhn0xr5O~gdK~9fSEThSdUBzeChi4SA3sbdgAV6RsEY66dCkgC~qVSY0JywXiiWlqyoNYfv4IfQRnzpl185sttgOEKr1flq8qrJ-kGvvHsnYf4Us~SReNfNfOT0qyuURz9SGWCFPlqZ7LpB-41zW3Mj5y64LB39rK3-LrJA50dGYLyFegiTa79YeFZO9w~CqO1imSZMPfHUj9sjiwl7bz5gegnxwYR041djEkfBVQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"Malawi_glass_sand","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":91673745,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/91673745/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_09_22_Malawi_glass_sand.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91673745/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"Malawi_glass_sand.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/91673745/28_09_22_Malawi_glass_sand-libre.pdf?1664369335=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DMalawi_glass_sand.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041338\u0026Signature=fMK9qUkA2HJst6OGr6n4-LJD068iIoUnOV07kWru2t0HKKiU~cO-qlcHubED2rZV1zG~qbNFzYfJveDzECxpNOPX5fEuDc1kg0Fw2x58Of~lmvhn0xr5O~gdK~9fSEThSdUBzeChi4SA3sbdgAV6RsEY66dCkgC~qVSY0JywXiiWlqyoNYfv4IfQRnzpl185sttgOEKr1flq8qrJ-kGvvHsnYf4Us~SReNfNfOT0qyuURz9SGWCFPlqZ7LpB-41zW3Mj5y64LB39rK3-LrJA50dGYLyFegiTa79YeFZO9w~CqO1imSZMPfHUj9sjiwl7bz5gegnxwYR041djEkfBVQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":80691,"name":"Raw materials","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Raw_materials"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="86801399"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/86801399/GEOTHERMAL_ENERGY_POTENTIAL_FOR_NKHOTAKOTA"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NKHOTAKOTA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/91173947/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/86801399/GEOTHERMAL_ENERGY_POTENTIAL_FOR_NKHOTAKOTA">GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NKHOTAKOTA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Malawi's geothermal resources are undeveloped due to the lack of appropriate data required to ana...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Malawi's geothermal resources are undeveloped due to the lack of appropriate data required to analyze their economic potential. Most of the available data is scientific with few parameters necessary for economic interpretation. The geothermal resources in the Nkhotakota district offer potential for geothermal energy, tourism, and domestic use. The Linga Geothermal field has the potential to supply hot water to the future Nkhotakota urban center.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="734e7ef0418c4c98349f15aff4063a6d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":91173947,"asset_id":86801399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91173947/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86801399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86801399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86801399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86801399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86801399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86801399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86801399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86801399, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "734e7ef0418c4c98349f15aff4063a6d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86801399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86801399,"title":"GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NKHOTAKOTA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Malawi's geothermal resources are undeveloped due to the lack of appropriate data required to analyze their economic potential. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> </div><div class="profile--tab_content_container js-tab-pane tab-pane" data-section-id="1560633" id="papers"><div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125130786"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125130786/Titanium_minerals_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Titanium minerals in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/119228246/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125130786/Titanium_minerals_in_Malawi">Titanium minerals in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely dist...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. Malawi is now known to host the largest saprolite titanium deposit in the world.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c9291f7637be5d836252f46b5b6e0fc9" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119228246,"asset_id":125130786,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119228246/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125130786"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125130786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130786]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125130786']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125130786, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c9291f7637be5d836252f46b5b6e0fc9" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125130786]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125130786,"title":"Titanium minerals in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. Malawi is now known to host the largest saprolite titanium deposit in the world.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The most common titanium minerals in Malawi are ilmenite (FeTiO3). These minerals are widely distributed in form alluvial and saprolite. Saprolite rutile is common n central Malawi while alluvial ilmenite is common along the beaches of lake Malawi, lake Chilwa and alluvial fans of Tengani in Nsanje District. Economic potential for in situ ilmenite/rutile bodies exist in anorthosite bodies of Tengani area. 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Mineral beneficiation is transformation of a mineral or a combination of minerals to a higher value product which can either be consumed locally or exported. Mineral value addition is the process of turning raw ores and concentrates into usable chemicals and metals. These processes bring much needed technological revolution, high revenue and job creation. The prerequisite for this is investing in industrial inputs such as energy, water, and technology to encourage beneficiation. The field of mineral processing has been given other titles such as mineral dressing, ore dressing, mineral extraction, mineral beneficiation, and mineral engineering. These terms are often used interchangeably. This paper looks at beneficiation and value addition in the proper context in which they should be understood and applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="d0c6e891cf32c0d490c4c5ecfb188478" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":119227889,"asset_id":125130050,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/119227889/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125130050"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125130050"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130050; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130050]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125130050]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125130050; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125130050']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 125130050, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "d0c6e891cf32c0d490c4c5ecfb188478" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125130050]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125130050,"title":"Beneficiation and Value addition in the Mining Sector","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Ore beneficiation and mineral value addition bring more financial and economic benefits from our mineral resources. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="124054903"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/124054903/MALAWI_CHAMBER_OF_MINES_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_2024"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118351367/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/124054903/MALAWI_CHAMBER_OF_MINES_ANNUAL_REPORT_FOR_2024">MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining & Trade Review Vol. 146</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining secto...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining sectors (ATM) the country into economic development. The Malawi Chamber of Mines and Energy has taken leadership to develop Malawi's critical minerals by 2027. This will not only create wealth but also generate employment, skills transfer and create market for goods and services.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="7c5ff587980ffededde3bcc72c2f1695" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118351367,"asset_id":124054903,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118351367/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="124054903"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="124054903"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124054903; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124054903]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=124054903]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 124054903; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='124054903']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 124054903, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "7c5ff587980ffededde3bcc72c2f1695" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=124054903]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":124054903,"title":"MALAWI CHAMBER OF MINES ANNUAL REPORT FOR 2024","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Malawi has prioritised the promotion and development of the Agriculture, Tourism and Mining sectors (ATM) the country into economic development. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="123702152"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/123702152/Gypsum_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Gypsum in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/118071709/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123702152/Gypsum_in_Malawi">Gypsum in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. On average the clays of the dambos contain about 7% gypsum with 60% of this existing as fine material mixed with and sand particles. There is a lot of potential in using this fraction cement and fertilizer manufacturing while the other can be used for chalk and POP manufacturing.<br />There is need for the manufacturing companies to support the artisanal and small scale miners with capital and technology to increase production. Partnership with tertiary institutions on technology research and development is encouraged.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bf7addd5b7eeb673de290294718cabb8" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":118071709,"asset_id":123702152,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/118071709/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123702152"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123702152"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123702152; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123702152]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123702152]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123702152; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123702152']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123702152, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "bf7addd5b7eeb673de290294718cabb8" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123702152]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123702152,"title":"Gypsum in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. On average the clays of the dambos contain about 7% gypsum with 60% of this existing as fine material mixed with and sand particles. There is a lot of potential in using this fraction cement and fertilizer manufacturing while the other can be used for chalk and POP manufacturing.\nThere is need for the manufacturing companies to support the artisanal and small scale miners with capital and technology to increase production. Partnership with tertiary institutions on technology research and development is encouraged.","ai_title_tag":"Utilization and Potential of Gypsum in Malawi's Dambos","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Mining and Trade Review"},"translated_abstract":"Gypsum in Malawi occurs as mineral crystals of fine to course size about 1 metre depth in dambos (marshland) of the Dedza-Lilongwe-Kasungu plain. 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P. MALUNGA FIMMM, DFIA" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/123049414/CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA">CERAMIC AND BRICK CLAYS IN MALAWI BY GRAIN W. P. MALUNGA FIMMM, DFIA</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Research work has shown that deposits for ceramic and brick clays exist widely in Malawi. These a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Research work has shown that deposits for ceramic and brick clays exist widely in Malawi. These are associated with dambo sedimentation. They also lie on weathered bedrock of anorthosite and syenite bodies, quartz feldspathic gneiss and pegmatitic bodies. Some research work was conducted at Linthipe in Dedza,</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="da718e458777cb746f9efdf524d86db0" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":117576307,"asset_id":123049414,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="123049414"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="123049414"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123049414; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123049414]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=123049414]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 123049414; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='123049414']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 123049414, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "da718e458777cb746f9efdf524d86db0" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=123049414]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":123049414,"title":"CERAMIC AND BRICK CLAYS IN MALAWI BY GRAIN W. 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Some research work was conducted at Linthipe in Dedza,","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/123049414/CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-08-20T03:36:15.674-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":117576307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117576307/20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI-libre.pdf?1724154145=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=O5aW7d6ee-nBffL~U4pkjFyjTWuHZjORBDBBkqtAFve8SzDqM~0ovvL~j87AFDnnq1dMbcPOpo2L6AnbXOCI7mCbgi5QEUqd9stvveihYuzb5MckByFp6SmIKFX7hUn09G32naRhLxgDC7eK5AapOLA6L-D8mEbBWVdfNx6GpcisHUJRy6eKe2k3eFIg-841Zq7CPop8FYesqpMVCqLG9-w9xaCa4jUXdboLjUQbHO9~d4qdUhGyQ-KHBShfZrCsiXf3AkyUvYy92zIAjrkARj5wzimphWfhKXPdtjX0xHLpq5i3qRlhLcn6UODGGtcpgJzTnACHoW7Lt1aLbvCpfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRAIN_W_P_MALUNGA_FIMMM_DFIA","translated_slug":"","page_count":7,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":117576307,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/117576307/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/117576307/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/117576307/20_08_24_CERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI-libre.pdf?1724154145=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DCERAMIC_AND_BRICK_CLAYS_IN_MALAWI_BY_GRA.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=O5aW7d6ee-nBffL~U4pkjFyjTWuHZjORBDBBkqtAFve8SzDqM~0ovvL~j87AFDnnq1dMbcPOpo2L6AnbXOCI7mCbgi5QEUqd9stvveihYuzb5MckByFp6SmIKFX7hUn09G32naRhLxgDC7eK5AapOLA6L-D8mEbBWVdfNx6GpcisHUJRy6eKe2k3eFIg-841Zq7CPop8FYesqpMVCqLG9-w9xaCa4jUXdboLjUQbHO9~d4qdUhGyQ-KHBShfZrCsiXf3AkyUvYy92zIAjrkARj5wzimphWfhKXPdtjX0xHLpq5i3qRlhLcn6UODGGtcpgJzTnACHoW7Lt1aLbvCpfw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":58128,"name":"Ceramics","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Ceramics"},{"id":156237,"name":"Wealth","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Wealth"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="121718693"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/121718693/Kyanite_Resorces_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Kyanite Resorces in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116532889/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121718693/Kyanite_Resorces_in_Malawi">Kyanite Resorces in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory products such as bricks, mortars, and kiln furniture used in high-temperature furnaces. It is added also to glass formulations to enhance their quality and durability for high-temperature resistance. The mineral is found in central Malawi in high grade metamorphic rocks. University and college students can be encouraged to go into "research and development" through partnership with the industry in developing refractory products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="b40ea569f08b7085d8d55155328c40fe" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116532889,"asset_id":121718693,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116532889/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121718693"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121718693"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121718693; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121718693]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121718693]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121718693; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121718693']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121718693, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "b40ea569f08b7085d8d55155328c40fe" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121718693]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121718693,"title":"Kyanite Resorces in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Kyanite is a refractory mineral whose calcined product is used for the manufacture of refractory products such as bricks, mortars, and kiln furniture used in high-temperature furnaces. 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By" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/121642189/PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By">PROSPECTING AND GRADING OF GEMSTONES: A GUIDE TO SMALL SCALE MINERS IN MALAWI. By</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common ge...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="dfc455caec8e9494a75b6a30c1034045" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":116472197,"asset_id":121642189,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="121642189"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="121642189"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121642189; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121642189]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=121642189]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 121642189; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='121642189']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 121642189, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "dfc455caec8e9494a75b6a30c1034045" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=121642189]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":121642189,"title":"PROSPECTING AND GRADING OF GEMSTONES: A GUIDE TO SMALL SCALE MINERS IN MALAWI. By","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}},"publication_name":"Mining and Trade Review"},"translated_abstract":"Gemstones are precious and semi-precious stones which are suitable for cutting as gems. Common gemstones in Malawi belong to tourmaline, garnet, quartz, beryl and corundum. Most of these gemstones are found in Proterozoic pegmatites of northern Malawi. Gemstone mining in Malawi has mainly involved mining of tourmaline, amethyst and aquamarine. Most mines emerged after discovery of the stones in top soil as float. Most prospectors have lost money due to lack of proper prospecting, evaluation and grading of these stones that influence market price.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/121642189/PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2024-06-30T03:23:42.734-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"paper","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":116472197,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116472197/30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading-libre.pdf?1719746785=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=CBN9UKkwTVJxASrD907EUjUGrrZ0i0dmIo~WBAcgm8aN5DMggzFwn~MIddqrBa~RhEjkQFKLLQKmRY8-dSAjdMM0wJmup1EL4-jL5HHbrp23mOVnvLVtANqNPTShDPYw9Orq-G1nDOyPMxAkLO2rP~DHt7NB-~zXOm4oc5VK8TCfbf597UUJwZ3JFZD15fYnDtcDeWCDJ-FlhcL0g2euLQFNjLnwCPmK0b-7cE15ZVlUzBVJC3HlwZ4uSddzo3F1k7PPrd~1lJod7QBtVKVKK1VIi5OXpZigDNrOUl9pZd95ynM2Xq-KUleXvM0dNMYixJqFUdy5y6vElEkUI4Xm8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_GUIDE_TO_SMALL_SCALE_MINERS_IN_MALAWI_By","translated_slug":"","page_count":6,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":116472197,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/116472197/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/116472197/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"PROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/116472197/30_06_24_Gemetsone_prospecting_and_grading-libre.pdf?1719746785=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DPROSPECTING_AND_GRADING_OF_GEMSTONES_A_G.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=CBN9UKkwTVJxASrD907EUjUGrrZ0i0dmIo~WBAcgm8aN5DMggzFwn~MIddqrBa~RhEjkQFKLLQKmRY8-dSAjdMM0wJmup1EL4-jL5HHbrp23mOVnvLVtANqNPTShDPYw9Orq-G1nDOyPMxAkLO2rP~DHt7NB-~zXOm4oc5VK8TCfbf597UUJwZ3JFZD15fYnDtcDeWCDJ-FlhcL0g2euLQFNjLnwCPmK0b-7cE15ZVlUzBVJC3HlwZ4uSddzo3F1k7PPrd~1lJod7QBtVKVKK1VIi5OXpZigDNrOUl9pZd95ynM2Xq-KUleXvM0dNMYixJqFUdy5y6vElEkUI4Xm8w__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":120740,"name":"Mining \u0026 Exploration Geology","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_and_Exploration_Geology"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120803284"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/120803284/Talc_occurences_in_Malawi"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Talc occurences in Malawi" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/115838071/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/120803284/Talc_occurences_in_Malawi">Talc occurences in Malawi</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Mining and Trade Review</span><span>, 2024</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. It is the softest mineral and is ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. It is the softest mineral and is used in cosmetics as a thickening agent and lubricant. It is an ingredient in ceramics and paints. In Malawi it is found as a product of metamorphic basic rocks such as serpentenised pyroxenites.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="79c94414a780136bfe132d6c351f2a8b" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":115838071,"asset_id":120803284,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/115838071/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120803284"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120803284"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120803284; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120803284]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=120803284]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120803284; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='120803284']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 120803284, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "79c94414a780136bfe132d6c351f2a8b" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=120803284]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":120803284,"title":"Talc occurences in Malawi","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Talc is a clay mineral composed of hydrated magnesium silicate. 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Most activities are at exploration stage and v...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The minerals sector in Malawi is at infancy stage. Most activities are at exploration stage and very few small scale mines exist. These cannot significantly contribute to nation economic development. The minerals sector has made significant exploration progress in the past 10 years. The country has the ability to create wealth through export of energy transition minerals and other strategic minerals. The country has rare earths, rutile, graphite and uranium that are world class energy transition minerals. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115927429"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115927429/PROPOSED_INVESTIMENT_INCENTIVES_FOR_THE_MINING_SCETOR"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/112198347/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115927429/PROPOSED_INVESTIMENT_INCENTIVES_FOR_THE_MINING_SCETOR">PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation th...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. There is need to come up with mine specific investment incentives in order to promote mineral exploration and mining. These investment incentives should have the capability of cushioning mining as a high risk, long term and stable revenue generator with the ability to create sovereign wealth fund. Global mining risks Mining is a high risk, long-lived business that is capital-intensive with, with significant investment in exploration and development mostly sourced from the private sector. It has long periods of preproduction during which no revenue is earned. It depends on successful exploration, favorable commodity prices and a stable exchange rate.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="22c0abd99c81f60ab2ebe84c7678d126" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":112198347,"asset_id":115927429,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/112198347/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115927429"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115927429"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115927429; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115927429]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115927429]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115927429; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115927429']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 115927429, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "22c0abd99c81f60ab2ebe84c7678d126" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115927429]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115927429,"title":"PROPOSED INVESTIMENT INCENTIVES FOR THE MINING SCETOR","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. There is need to come up with mine specific investment incentives in order to promote mineral exploration and mining. These investment incentives should have the capability of cushioning mining as a high risk, long term and stable revenue generator with the ability to create sovereign wealth fund. Global mining risks Mining is a high risk, long-lived business that is capital-intensive with, with significant investment in exploration and development mostly sourced from the private sector. It has long periods of preproduction during which no revenue is earned. It depends on successful exploration, favorable commodity prices and a stable exchange rate.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"The Malawi Government has recognized mining as a priority sector for realizing wealth creation that will support the implementation of Malawi 2063 development agenda. 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="114423122"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/114423122/An_analysis_of_Malawis_Mining_Investment_Attractiveness"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111125521/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/114423122/An_analysis_of_Malawis_Mining_Investment_Attractiveness">An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favoura...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. This paper looks at issues that need to be considered in order to attract investment in the mining sector.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="84a4804370144b68b8ed55fb07e1389a" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111125521,"asset_id":114423122,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111125521/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="114423122"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="114423122"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114423122; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114423122]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=114423122]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 114423122; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='114423122']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 114423122, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "84a4804370144b68b8ed55fb07e1389a" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=114423122]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":114423122,"title":"An analysis of Malawi's Mining Investment Attractiveness","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. This paper looks at issues that need to be considered in order to attract investment in the mining sector.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2024,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Mining projects attract investment if the country's incentives and fiscal regime are more favourable than alternative investments. Malawi risks chasing away mining investment if its fiscal regime is enacted into law and does not give flexibility in terms of making projects financially and economically viable. There is need always to refer to what is trending in the region around us in order to be competitive. Care should be undertaken in order to exercise reasonable benefit sharing arising from mining projects without giving away too much. 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Sustainable mining meets society's requirements for resources today while ensuring the future needs of generations to come. Sustainability issues revolve around addressing negative impacts arising from Environment, Social, and Governance. 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They cover issues related with government revenue and other social economic issues affecting mining communities. Security of tenure and stability clauses are included. To avoid revenue from the natural resource sector benefit a few influential individuals, Mine Development Agreement becomes the most important document which is guided by the constitution, mining laws, business and labour laws, taxation acts and related regulations. These contracts become relevant where governments are characterized by weak institutions, corruption and political instability. One of the most important contracts is the Mine Development Agreement. Negotiations are done with a team of experts in natural resource development and development economics. In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="04701edce3eb6a0cc416d35d77cd318c" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":105328282,"asset_id":106020550,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="106020550"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="106020550"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106020550; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106020550]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=106020550]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 106020550; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='106020550']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 106020550, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "04701edce3eb6a0cc416d35d77cd318c" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=106020550]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":106020550,"title":"THE NATURE OF MINING CONTRACTS","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Mining contracts are agreements entered into between government and a mining company with an aim to develop mineral resources. 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In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Mining contracts are agreements entered into between government and a mining company with an aim to develop mineral resources. They cover issues related with government revenue and other social economic issues affecting mining communities. Security of tenure and stability clauses are included. To avoid revenue from the natural resource sector benefit a few influential individuals, Mine Development Agreement becomes the most important document which is guided by the constitution, mining laws, business and labour laws, taxation acts and related regulations. These contracts become relevant where governments are characterized by weak institutions, corruption and political instability. 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In order to build national consensus in the development and utilization of revenue from natural resource exploitation, these agreements should be accessible to the public.","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/106020550/THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS","translated_internal_url":"","created_at":"2023-08-27T23:18:41.989-07:00","preview_url":null,"current_user_can_edit":null,"current_user_is_owner":null,"owner_id":13291485,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"document_type":"draft","co_author_tags":[],"downloadable_attachments":[{"id":105328282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105328282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105328282/28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS-libre.pdf?1693206906=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=QAiILVjvmFgWXIyAxggHkgXIyTJIYFuNIE1CtBEuo6qLl4X05Pf4Ech~2PDg8ys~3NTMZycKbfQViO2f4hcoPczU2XYKAkOd1hIw8~m9EHe-D1zqOnYa35o8Kzi~PqXzk~K3gTxM2bUyuAwSITlTG3rCy~MAMLRUI50jISQAP4TT783sTXGmQg4ms6YaLL92ELJ5eaqqabZnDkFhQjy5jlMtnWe3yI2O09~7GcKy0fR-v1uvGcEG14nAprLvSOuRET9ALCyGq19cePNlZLkf6re591RPGidlR55cl118WULPEqRq4QrTFtGD303Bn96DCjl3iC~JFHfw0nbBJsCVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"slug":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS","translated_slug":"","page_count":8,"language":"en","content_type":"Work","owner":{"id":13291485,"first_name":"Dr.","middle_initials":"G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P","last_name":"MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","page_name":"grainmalungaacademiaedu","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2014-06-25T17:38:39.978-07:00","display_name":"Dr. G R A I N W Y S O N P H I L L I P MALUNGA FIMMM, DFAI","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/grainmalungaacademiaedu"},"attachments":[{"id":105328282,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/105328282/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/105328282/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&","bulk_download_file_name":"THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/105328282/28_08_23_THE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS-libre.pdf?1693206906=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DTHE_NATURE_OF_MINING_CONTRACTS.pdf\u0026Expires=1733041337\u0026Signature=QAiILVjvmFgWXIyAxggHkgXIyTJIYFuNIE1CtBEuo6qLl4X05Pf4Ech~2PDg8ys~3NTMZycKbfQViO2f4hcoPczU2XYKAkOd1hIw8~m9EHe-D1zqOnYa35o8Kzi~PqXzk~K3gTxM2bUyuAwSITlTG3rCy~MAMLRUI50jISQAP4TT783sTXGmQg4ms6YaLL92ELJ5eaqqabZnDkFhQjy5jlMtnWe3yI2O09~7GcKy0fR-v1uvGcEG14nAprLvSOuRET9ALCyGq19cePNlZLkf6re591RPGidlR55cl118WULPEqRq4QrTFtGD303Bn96DCjl3iC~JFHfw0nbBJsCVog__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}],"research_interests":[{"id":18496,"name":"Mining","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining"},{"id":114483,"name":"Mining Law","url":"https://www.academia.edu/Documents/in/Mining_Law"}],"urls":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="104505508"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104505508/ENERGY_TRANSITION_MINERALS_IN_MALAWI"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/104216899/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/104505508/ENERGY_TRANSITION_MINERALS_IN_MALAWI">ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Malawi is a green field country in terms of exploration and mining. Recent studies have shown tha...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Malawi is a green field country in terms of exploration and mining. Recent studies have shown that it is potentially a key provider of energy transition minerals such as rare earths, rutile, graphite, uranium and aluminium. There is potential to exploit manganese in carbonatites such as Songwe and Kangankunde. ENERGY TRANSITION MINERALS IN MALAWI Global Climate Change Coal, oil and gas are fossil fuels that contribute to global climate change and they account for 75 per cent of global greenhouse gas emissions and nearly 90 per cent of all carbon dioxide emissions. 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Samples are not part of ore extraction. The value of samples are tied to information they give to advance exploration projects into mining projects. Mineral Exploration Mineral exploration is an activity that helps identify minerals that can be commercially extracted or mined in the future. Geologists and prospectors look for minerals in rocks and soils including clues as to where a deposit may be hidden. Large areas are mapped and sampled leading to smaller target areas. These target areas are characterized using a combination of geological, geophysical, and geochemical tools to provide indirect indications for reducing the search radius.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="90c9fa49533c0b1cab719e4b1c3027e7" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":99997202,"asset_id":98722901,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/99997202/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="98722901"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="98722901"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98722901; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98722901]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=98722901]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 98722901; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='98722901']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 98722901, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "90c9fa49533c0b1cab719e4b1c3027e7" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=98722901]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":98722901,"title":"Sampling for resource targeting in mining","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Samples assist with decision-making to advance exploration activities, resource estimation, grade control, and plant design. Samples are not part of ore extraction. The value of samples are tied to information they give to advance exploration projects into mining projects. Mineral Exploration Mineral exploration is an activity that helps identify minerals that can be commercially extracted or mined in the future. Geologists and prospectors look for minerals in rocks and soils including clues as to where a deposit may be hidden. Large areas are mapped and sampled leading to smaller target areas. These target areas are characterized using a combination of geological, geophysical, and geochemical tools to provide indirect indications for reducing the search radius.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2023,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Samples assist with decision-making to advance exploration activities, resource estimation, grade control, and plant design. Samples are not part of ore extraction. 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Recoverable reserves in six d...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. The deposits are suitable for the manufacture of good quality glass. The Lake Chiuta sand bar is estimated to have 25 million tonnes of glass sand containing 92.7% silica and 0.62% iron. Further beneficiation will improve the quality of the sand to make it suitable for the manufacture of plate glass and amber glass containers. Scrubbing and magnetic separation can lower iron percentage and unlock more production of other glass products.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="c4925302aae161c2ab28dc670878ab11" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":91673745,"asset_id":87476382,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91673745/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="87476382"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="87476382"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87476382; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87476382]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=87476382]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 87476382; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='87476382']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 87476382, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "c4925302aae161c2ab28dc670878ab11" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=87476382]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":87476382,"title":"Malawi glass sand","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. The deposits are suitable for the manufacture of good quality glass. The Lake Chiuta sand bar is estimated to have 25 million tonnes of glass sand containing 92.7% silica and 0.62% iron. Further beneficiation will improve the quality of the sand to make it suitable for the manufacture of plate glass and amber glass containers. Scrubbing and magnetic separation can lower iron percentage and unlock more production of other glass products.","publication_date":{"day":null,"month":null,"year":2022,"errors":{}}},"translated_abstract":"Substantial deposits of glass sands occur in dambos around Mchinji. Recoverable reserves in six dambos amount to 1.6 million tonnes. Silica percentage for the sand varies from 96% to 99 % while the iron percentage varies from 0.12% to 0.2%. 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Most of the available data is scientific with few parameters necessary for economic interpretation. The geothermal resources in the Nkhotakota district offer potential for geothermal energy, tourism, and domestic use. The Linga Geothermal field has the potential to supply hot water to the future Nkhotakota urban center.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="734e7ef0418c4c98349f15aff4063a6d" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":91173947,"asset_id":86801399,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/91173947/download_file?st=MTczMzA1MDEzMiw4LjIyMi4yMDguMTQ2&s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="86801399"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span><span id="work-strip-rankings-button-container"></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="86801399"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86801399; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86801399]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=86801399]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 86801399; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='86801399']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span><span><script>$(function() { new Works.PaperRankView({ workId: 86801399, container: "", }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-f77ea15d77ce96025a6048a514272ad8becbad23c641fc2b3bd6e24ca6ff1932.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "734e7ef0418c4c98349f15aff4063a6d" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=86801399]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":86801399,"title":"GEOTHERMAL ENERGY POTENTIAL FOR NKHOTAKOTA","translated_title":"","metadata":{"abstract":"Malawi's geothermal resources are undeveloped due to the lack of appropriate data required to analyze their economic potential. 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