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class="sidebar-search-container" method="get" action="search.html" role="search"> <input class="sidebar-search" placeholder="Search" name="q" aria-label="Search"> <input type="hidden" name="check_keywords" value="yes"> <input type="hidden" name="area" value="default"> </form> <div id="searchbox"></div><div class="sidebar-scroll"><div class="sidebar-tree"> <ul class="current"> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="install.html">Installation and Requirements</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog.html">Changelog</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-1" name="toctree-checkbox-1" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-1"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Changelog</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_5.html">Changes for 1.5</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_4.html">Changes for 1.4</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_3.html">Changes for 1.3</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_2.html">Changes for 1.2</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_1.html">Changes for 1.1</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_1_0.html">Changes for 1.0</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="changelog_pre.html">Changes before gevent 1.0</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="intro.html">Introduction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html">Greenlet Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="servers.html">Implementing servers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="dns.html">Name Resolution (DNS)</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-2" name="toctree-checkbox-2" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-2"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of Name Resolution (DNS)</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.thread</span></code> – thread based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.ares</span></code> – c-ares based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.dnspython.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.dnspython</span></code> – Pure Python hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.blocking.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.blocking</span></code> – Non-cooperative resolver</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="monitoring.html">Monitoring and Debugging gevent Applications</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1 current current-page"><a class="current reference internal" href="#">Event Loop Implementations: libuv and libev</a></li> <li class="toctree-l1"><a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html">Configuring gevent</a></li> </ul> <ul> <li class="toctree-l1 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/index.html">API reference</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-3" name="toctree-checkbox-3" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-3"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of API reference</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.timeout.html">Cooperative Timeouts Using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Timeout</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.greenlet.html">Greenlet Objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.socket.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket</span></code> – Cooperative low-level networking interface</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-4" name="toctree-checkbox-4" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-4"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of gevent.socket – Cooperative low-level networking interface</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent._socket3.html">Python 3 interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ssl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ssl</span></code> – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL/TLS) module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.select.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select</span></code> – Waiting for I/O completion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.selectors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.selectors</span></code> – High-level IO Multiplexing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event</span></code> – Notifications of multiple listeners</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code> – Synchronized queues</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local</span></code> – Greenlet-local objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.lock.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.lock</span></code> – Locking primitives</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.hub.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.hub</span></code> - The Event Loop and the Hub</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.core.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.core</span></code> - (deprecated) event loop abstraction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent</span></code> – common functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.backdoor.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.backdoor</span></code> – Interactive greenlet-based network console that can be used in any process</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.baseserver.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.baseserver</span></code> – Base class for implementing servers</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.builtins.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.builtins</span></code> – gevent friendly implementations of builtin functions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.contextvars.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.contextvars</span></code> – Cooperative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">contextvars</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.core.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.core</span></code> - (deprecated) event loop abstraction</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.event.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.event</span></code> – Notifications of multiple listeners</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.events.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.events</span></code> – Publish/subscribe event infrastructure</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.exceptions.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.exceptions</span></code> – Exceptions</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.fileobject.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.fileobject</span></code> – Wrappers to make file-like objects cooperative</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.hub.html"><code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.hub</span></code> - The Event Loop and the Hub</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.local.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.local</span></code> – Greenlet-local objects</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.lock.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.lock</span></code> – Locking primitives</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.monkey.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.monkey</span></code> – Make the standard library cooperative</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.os.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.os</span></code> – Low-level operating system functions from <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pool.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pool</span></code> – Managing greenlets in a group</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.pywsgi.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.pywsgi</span></code> – A pure-Python, gevent-friendly WSGI server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.queue.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.queue</span></code> – Synchronized queues</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.ares</span></code> – c-ares based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.blocking.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.blocking</span></code> – Non-cooperative resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.dnspython.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.dnspython</span></code> – Pure Python hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.resolver.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.resolver.thread</span></code> – thread based hostname resolver</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.select.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select</span></code> – Waiting for I/O completion</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.selectors.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.selectors</span></code> – High-level IO Multiplexing</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.server.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.server</span></code> – TCP/SSL server</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.signal.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.signal</span></code> – Cooperative implementation of special cases of <code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">signal.signal()</span></code></a></li> <li class="toctree-l2 has-children"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.socket.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.socket</span></code> – Cooperative low-level networking interface</a><input class="toctree-checkbox" id="toctree-checkbox-5" name="toctree-checkbox-5" role="switch" type="checkbox"/><label for="toctree-checkbox-5"><div class="visually-hidden">Toggle navigation of gevent.socket – Cooperative low-level networking interface</div><i class="icon"><svg><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg></i></label><ul> <li class="toctree-l3"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent._socket3.html">Python 3 interface</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ssl.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ssl</span></code> – Secure Sockets Layer (SSL/TLS) module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.subprocess.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.subprocess</span></code> – Cooperative <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">subprocess</span></code> module</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.thread.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.thread</span></code> – Implementation of the standard <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">thread</span></code> module that spawns greenlets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threading.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threading</span></code> – Implementation of the standard <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">threading</span></code> using greenlets</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.threadpool.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.threadpool</span></code> - A pool of native threads</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.time.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.time</span></code> – Makes <em>sleep</em> gevent aware</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.util.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.util</span></code> – Low-level utilities</a></li> <li class="toctree-l2"><a class="reference internal" href="api/gevent.ares.html"><code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.ares</span></code> – Backwards compatibility alias for <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span 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<a class="reference external" href="http://libuv.org">libuv</a>) and three event loop implementations. This document will explore those implementations and compare them to each other.</p> <section id="using-a-non-default-loop"> <h2>Using A Non-Default Loop<a class="headerlink" href="#using-a-non-default-loop" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>First, we will describe how to choose an event loop other than the default loop for a given platform. This is done by setting the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">GEVENT_LOOP</span></code> environment variable before starting the program, or by setting <a class="reference internal" href="configuration.html#gevent._config.Config.loop" title="gevent._config.Config.loop"><code class="xref py py-attr docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.config.loop</span></code></a> in code.</p> <div class="admonition important"> <p class="admonition-title">Important</p> <p>If you choose to configure the loop in Python code, it must be done <em>immediately</em> after importing gevent and before any other gevent imports or asynchronous operations are done, preferably at the top of your program, right above monkey-patching (if done):</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="kn">import</span> <span class="nn">gevent</span> <span class="n">gevent</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">config</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">loop</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s2">"libuv"</span> </pre></div> </div> </div> <div class="admonition important"> <p class="admonition-title">Important</p> <p>In gevent 1.4 and 1.3, if you install gevent from a manylinux1 binary wheel as distributed on PyPI, you will not be able to use the libuv loop. You’ll need to compile from source to gain access to libuv. gevent 1.5 distributes manylinux2010 wheels which have libuv support.</p> <p>If you use a Linux distribution’s package of gevent, you may or may not have any other loops besides the default.</p> </div> </section> <section id="loop-implementations"> <h2>Loop Implementations<a class="headerlink" href="#loop-implementations" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>Here we will describe the available loop implementations.</p> <div class="table-wrapper docutils container"> <table class="docutils align-default"> <thead> <tr class="row-odd"><th class="head"><p>Name</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Library</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Default</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Interpreters</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Age</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Implementation</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Build Status</p></th> <th class="head"><p>Embedded</p></th> </tr> </thead> <tbody> <tr class="row-even"><td><p>libev</p></td> <td><p>libev</p></td> <td><p>CPython on non-Windows platforms</p></td> <td><p>CPython only</p></td> <td><p>8 years</p></td> <td><p>Cython</p></td> <td><p>Default</p></td> <td><p>Default; optional</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-odd"><td><p>libev-cffi</p></td> <td><p>libev</p></td> <td><p>PyPy on non-Windows platforms</p></td> <td><p>CPython and PyPy</p></td> <td><p>4 years</p></td> <td><p>CFFI</p></td> <td><p>Optional; default</p></td> <td><p>Default; optional</p></td> </tr> <tr class="row-even"><td><p>libuv</p></td> <td><p>libuv</p></td> <td><p>All interpreters on Windows</p></td> <td><p>CPython and PyPy</p></td> <td><p>2 years</p></td> <td><p>CFFI</p></td> <td><p>Optional; default</p></td> <td><p>Default; optional</p></td> </tr> </tbody> </table> </div> <section id="libev"> <span id="libev-impl"></span><h3>libev<a class="headerlink" href="#libev" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <p><a class="reference external" href="http://software.schmorp.de/pkg/libev.html">libev</a> is a venerable event loop library that has been the default in gevent since 1.0a1 in 2011 when it replaced libevent. libev has existed since 2007.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>In the future, this Cython implementation may be deprecated to be replaced with <a class="reference internal" href="#libev-cffi"><span class="std std-ref">libev-cffi</span></a>.</p> </div> <p class="rubric" id="libev-dev">Development and Source</p> <p>libev is a stable library and does not change quickly. Changes are accepted in the form of patches emailed to a mailing list. Due to its age and its portability requirements, it makes heavy use of preprocessor macros, which some may find hinders readability of the source code.</p> <p class="rubric" id="libev-plat">Platform Support</p> <p>gevent tests libev on Linux and macOS. There is no known list of platforms officially supported by libev, although FreeBSD, OpenBSD and Solaris/SmartOS have been reported to work with gevent on libev at various points.</p> <p>On Windows, libev has <a class="reference external" href="http://pod.tst.eu/http://cvs.schmorp.de/libev/ev.pod#WIN32_PLATFORM_LIMITATIONS_AND_WORKA">many limitations</a>. gevent relies on the Microsoft C runtime functions to map from Windows socket handles to integer file descriptors for libev using a somewhat complex mapping; this prevents the CFFI implementation from being used (which in turn prevents PyPy from using libev on Windows).</p> <p>There is no known public CI infrastructure for libev itself.</p> </section> <section id="libev-cffi"> <span id="id1"></span><h3>libev-cffi<a class="headerlink" href="#libev-cffi" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <p>This uses libev exactly as above, but instead of using Cython it uses CFFI. That makes it suitable (and the default) for PyPy. It can also make it easier to debug, since more details are preserved for tracebacks.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>In the future, this CFFI implementation may become the default and replace <a class="reference internal" href="#libev-impl"><span class="std std-ref">libev</span></a>.</p> </div> <p class="rubric">When To Use</p> <p>On PyPy or when debugging.</p> </section> <section id="libuv"> <h3>libuv<a class="headerlink" href="#libuv" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h3> <p>libuv is an event loop library developed since 2011 for the use of node 0.5. It was originally a wrapper around libev on non-Windows platforms and directly used the native Windows IOCP support on Windows (this code was contributed by Microsoft). Now it has its own loop implementation on all supported platforms.</p> <p>libuv provides libev-like <a class="reference external" href="http://docs.libuv.org/en/v1.x/poll.html">“poll handles”</a>, and in gevent 1.3 that is what gevent uses for IO. But libuv also provides higher-level abstractions around read and write requests that may offer improved performance. In the future, gevent might use those abstractions.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>In the future, this implementation may become the default on all platforms.</p> </div> <p class="rubric">Development and Source</p> <p>libuv is developed by the libuv organization on <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/libuv/libuv">github</a>. It has a large, active community and is used in many popular projects including node.js.</p> <p>The source code is written in a clean and consistent coding style, potentially making it easier to read and debug.</p> <p class="rubric">Platform Support</p> <p>gevent tests libuv on Linux, Windows and macOS. libuv publishes an extensive list of <a class="reference external" href="https://github.com/libuv/libuv/blob/v1.x/SUPPORTED_PLATFORMS.md">supported platforms</a> that are likely to work with gevent. libuv <a class="reference external" href="https://ci.nodejs.org/view/libuv/">maintains a public CI infrastructure</a>.</p> <p class="rubric">When To Use libuv</p> <ul> <li><p>You want to use PyPy on Windows.</p></li> <li><p>You want to develop on Windows (Windows is not recommended for production).</p></li> <li><p>You want to use an operating system not supported by libev such as IBM i.</p> <div class="admonition note"> <p class="admonition-title">Note</p> <p>Platforms other than Linux, macOS and Windows are not tested by gevent.</p> </div> </li> </ul> <section id="limitations-and-differences"> <span id="libuv-limits"></span><h4>Limitations and Differences<a class="headerlink" href="#limitations-and-differences" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h4> <p>Because of its newness, and because of some design decisions inherent in the library and the ecosystem, there are some limitations and differences in the way gevent behaves using libuv compared to libev.</p> <ul class="simple"> <li><p>Timers (such as <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.sleep</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.Timeout</span></code>) only support a resolution of 1ms (in practice, it’s closer to 1.5ms). Attempting to use something smaller will automatically increase it to 1ms and issue a warning. Because libuv only supports millisecond resolution by rounding a higher-precision clock to an integer number of milliseconds, timers apparently suffer from more jitter.</p></li> <li><p>Using negative timeouts may behave differently from libev.</p></li> <li><p>libuv blocks delivery of all signals, so signals are handled using an (arbitrary) 0.3 second timer. This means that signal handling will be delayed by up to that amount, and that the longest the event loop can sleep in the operating system’s <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">poll</span></code> call is that amount. Note that this is what gevent does for libev on Windows too.</p></li> <li><p>libuv only supports one io watcher per file descriptor, whereas libev and gevent have always supported many watchers using different settings. The libev behaviour is emulated at the Python level.</p></li> <li><p>Looping multiple times and expecting events for the same file descriptor to be raised each time without any data being read or written (as works with libev) does not appear to work correctly on Linux when using <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">gevent.select.poll</span></code> or a monkey-patched <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">selectors.PollSelector</span></code>.</p></li> <li><p>If anything unexpected happens, libuv likes to <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">abort()</span></code> the entire process instead of reporting an error. For example, closing a file descriptor it is using in a watcher may cause the entire process to be exited.</p></li> <li><p>The order in which timers and other callbacks are invoked may be different than in libev. In particular, timers and IO callbacks happen in a different order, and timers may easily be off by up to half of the nominal 1ms resolution. See <a class="extlink-issue reference external" href="https://github.com/gevent/gevent/issues/1057">issue #1057</a>.</p></li> <li><p>There is no support for priorities within classes of watchers. libev has some support for priorities and this is exposed in the low-level gevent API, but it was never documented.</p></li> <li><p>Low-level <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">fork</span></code> and <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">child</span></code> watchers are not available. gevent emulates these in Python on platforms that supply <a class="reference external" href="https://docs.python.org/3/library/os.html#os.fork" title="(in Python v3.13)"><code class="xref py py-func docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">os.fork()</span></code></a>. Child watchers use <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">SIGCHLD</span></code>, just as on libev, so the same caveats apply.</p></li> <li><p>Low-level <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">prepare</span></code> watchers are not available. gevent uses prepare watchers for internal purposes. If necessary, this could be emulated in Python.</p></li> </ul> </section> </section> </section> <section id="performance"> <h2>Performance<a class="headerlink" href="#performance" title="Link to this heading">¶</a></h2> <p>In the various micro-benchmarks gevent has, performance among all three loop implementations is roughly the same. There doesn’t seem to be a clear winner or loser.</p> </section> </section> </article> </div> <footer> <div class="related-pages"> <a class="next-page" href="configuration.html"> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Next</span> </div> <div class="title">Configuring gevent</div> </div> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> </a> <a class="prev-page" href="monitoring.html"> <svg class="furo-related-icon"><use href="#svg-arrow-right"></use></svg> <div class="page-info"> <div class="context"> <span>Previous</span> </div> <div class="title">Monitoring and Debugging gevent Applications</div> </div> </a> </div> <div class="bottom-of-page"> <div class="left-details"> <div class="copyright"> Copyright © 2009-2023, gevent contributors </div> Made with <a href="https://www.sphinx-doc.org/">Sphinx</a> and <a class="muted-link" href="https://pradyunsg.me">@pradyunsg</a>'s <a href="https://github.com/pradyunsg/furo">Furo</a> </div> <div class="right-details"> </div> </div> </footer> </div> <aside class="toc-drawer"> <div class="toc-sticky toc-scroll"> <div class="toc-title-container"> <span class="toc-title"> On this page </span> </div> <div class="toc-tree-container"> <div class="toc-tree"> <ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#">Event Loop Implementations: libuv and libev</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#using-a-non-default-loop">Using A Non-Default Loop</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#loop-implementations">Loop Implementations</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#libev">libev</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#libev-cffi">libev-cffi</a></li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#libuv">libuv</a><ul> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#limitations-and-differences">Limitations and Differences</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li><a class="reference internal" href="#performance">Performance</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </aside> </div> </div><script src="_static/documentation_options.js?v=32fdf4fc"></script> <script src="_static/doctools.js?v=9bcbadda"></script> <script src="_static/sphinx_highlight.js?v=dc90522c"></script> <script src="_static/scripts/furo.js?v=5fa4622c"></script> </body> </html>