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contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Principality of Elba</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%AD%C5%BEectv%C3%AD_Elba" title="Knížectví Elba – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knížectví Elba" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Elba" title="Principado de Elba – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Principado de Elba" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe" title="Principauté de l'île d'Elbe – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Principauté de l'île d'Elbe" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principado_de_Elba" title="Principado de Elba – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Principado de Elba" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EB%B0%94_%EA%B3%B5%EA%B5%AD" title="엘바 공국 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘바 공국" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kepangeranan_Elba" title="Kepangeranan Elba – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kepangeranan Elba" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principato_dell%27Isola_d%27Elba" title="Principato dell'Isola d'Elba – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Principato dell'Isola d'Elba" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%BB%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Кнежевство Елба – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Кнежевство Елба" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vorstendom_Elba" title="Vorstendom Elba – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Vorstendom Elba" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E5%85%AC%E5%9B%BD" title="エルバ公国 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルバ公国" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ksi%C4%99stwo_Elby" title="Księstwo Elby – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Księstwo Elby" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%AD%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Княжество Эльба – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Княжество Эльба" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elban_ruhtinaskunta" title="Elban ruhtinaskunta – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Elban ruhtinaskunta" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BD%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%95%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B1%D0%B0" title="Князівство Ельба – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Князівство Ельба" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%C3%A2n_v%C6%B0%C6%A1ng_qu%E1%BB%91c_Elba" title="Thân vương quốc Elba – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thân vương quốc Elba" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3398904#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Elba" title="View the content page [c]" 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<div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">1814–1815 Napoleon-ruled monarchy in Tuscany</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the former principality. For the island, see <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20" /></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principaut%C3%A9_de_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe" class="extiw" title="fr:Principauté de l'île d'Elbe">the corresponding article</a> in French</b>.  <i><small>(February 2024)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing French Wikipedia article at [[:fr:Principauté de l'île d'Elbe]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|fr|Principauté de l'île d'Elbe}}</code> to the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Principality_of_Elba" title="Talk:Principality of Elba">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Principality of Elba</div><div class="ib-country-names"><span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">Principato d'Elba</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader">1814–1815</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bandiera_Elba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Elba"><img alt="Flag of Elba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bandiera_Elba.svg/125px-Bandiera_Elba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="83" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bandiera_Elba.svg/188px-Bandiera_Elba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Bandiera_Elba.svg/250px-Bandiera_Elba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Elba" title="Flag of Elba">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Elba"><img alt="Coat of arms of Elba" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg/85px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="110" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg/128px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg/170px-Grand_Coat_of_Arms_of_Napoelon_Bonaparte_as_King_of_Elbe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="704" data-file-height="910" /></a></span></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Napoleonic_Italy" title="Coat of arms of Napoleonic Italy"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Principality_of_Elba.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of the Principality of Elba within Europe"><img alt="Location of the Principality of Elba within Europe" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Principality_of_Elba.svg/250px-Principality_of_Elba.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="253" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Principality_of_Elba.svg/375px-Principality_of_Elba.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Principality_of_Elba.svg/500px-Principality_of_Elba.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="2027" /></a></span><div class="ib-country-map-caption">Location of the Principality of Elba within Europe</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Portoferraio" title="Portoferraio">Portoferraio</a><br /><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Principality_of_Elba&params=42_49_N_10_19_E_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">42°49′N</span> <span class="longitude">10°19′E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">42.817°N 10.317°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">42.817; 10.317</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Common languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tuscan_dialect" title="Tuscan dialect">Elbano dialect</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Roman Catholic</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Elban</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Government</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Absolute_monarchy" title="Absolute monarchy">Absolute monarchy</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Sovereign Prince of Elba</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1814–1815 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Governor of Elba</th><td class="infobox-data"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• 1814–1815 </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Antoine_Drouot" title="Antoine Drouot">Antoine Drouot</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Historical era</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">April 11, 1814</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Napoleon's departure</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">February 26, 1815</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">June 9, 1815</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tuscan_pound" class="mw-redirect" title="Tuscan pound">Tuscan lira</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"> <table style="width:95%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; display:inline-table;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center; border:0; padding-bottom:0"><div id="before-after"></div> <b>Preceded by</b></td> <td style="text-align:center;border:0; padding-bottom:0;"><b>Succeeded by</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center; border:0;"> <table style="width:100%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/20px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/30px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/40px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td style="vertical-align:top; text-align:center;border:0;"> <table style="width:92%; text-align:center; margin:0 auto; border:0;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle; text-align:right;"><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> </td> <td style="border:0; padding:0; vertical-align:middle;"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/20px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="13" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/30px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg/40px-Flag_of_the_Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Today part of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Italy" title="Italy">Italy</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Principality of Elba</b> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <i lang="it">Principato d'Elba</i>) was a non-hereditary monarchy established on the <a href="/wiki/Mediterranean_Sea" title="Mediterranean Sea">Mediterranean</a> island of <a href="/wiki/Elba" title="Elba">Elba</a> following the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">Treaty of Fontainebleau</a> on 11 April 1814. It lasted less than a year, and its only head was <a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Napoleon Bonaparte">Napoleon Bonaparte</a>, who would <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">return to rule in France</a> before his ultimate defeat and the dissolution of the principality. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Formation">Formation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Formation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg/220px-Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="159" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg/330px-Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg/440px-Plan_de_l%27Ile_d%27Elbe_R%C3%A9sidence_de_Buonaparte._G.34021.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3397" data-file-height="2454" /></a><figcaption>Map of Elba, 1814</figcaption></figure> <p>Sovereignty over the island, which until then had been part of the French <i>département</i> of <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9diterran%C3%A9e" title="Méditerranée">Méditerranée</a>, was given to Napoleon I of France after his abdication following the <a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a>. Article 3 of the treaty stipulated that Elba was to be "an independent principality possessed by him in complete sovereignty and as personal property".<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicks2014_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicks2014-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His rule was to persist until his death, at which point control of the principality would pass to <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a>. The former <a href="/wiki/Emperor_of_the_French" title="Emperor of the French">Emperor of the French</a> was also granted a <a href="/wiki/Stipend" title="Stipend">stipend</a> of two million <a href="/wiki/French_franc" title="French franc">francs</a> per year to be paid by <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Napoleon's_rule"><span id="Napoleon.27s_rule"></span>Napoleon's rule</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Napoleon's rule"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In his few months on Elba, as well as creating a small navy and army, Napoleon developed the island's iron mines, oversaw the construction of new roads, issued decrees on modern agricultural methods, and overhauled the island's legal and educational system.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Napoleon's_residence"><span id="Napoleon.27s_residence"></span>Napoleon's residence</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Napoleon's residence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Villa Napoleonica (or Villa San Martino) is one of the two residences occupied in <a href="/wiki/Portoferraio" title="Portoferraio">Portoferraio</a> by Napoleon Bonaparte during his exile on the Island of Elba, where it was his summer residence.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020c_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020c-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The second, the Palazzina dei Mulini, is located in the historic center of the town of Portoferraio, 3.5 km northeast of San Martino.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020b_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020b-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1839, <a href="/wiki/Anatoly_Demidov,_1st_Prince_of_San_Donato" title="Anatoly Demidov, 1st Prince of San Donato">Anatole Demidoff</a>, a Russian industrialist and patron, a great admirer of Napoleon and husband of a niece of the emperor, Princess <a href="/wiki/Mathilde_Bonaparte" title="Mathilde Bonaparte">Mathilde Bonaparte</a>, had the Florentine architect <a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_Matas" title="Niccolò Matas">Niccolò Matas</a> build the Demidoff Gallery at the foot of the original building.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Villa San Martino"><img alt="Villa San Martino" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg/120px-Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg/180px-Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4d/Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg/240px-Elba_VillaSanMartino.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="682" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Villa San Martino</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Palazzina dei Mulini"><img alt="Palazzina dei Mulini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg/120px-Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg/180px-Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg/240px-Maison_napoleon_portoferraio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4971" data-file-height="1887" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Palazzina dei Mulini</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Military">Military</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Military"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG/221px-Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG" decoding="async" width="221" height="280" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG/332px-Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/84/Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG/443px-Elba_Squadron_of_1er_r%C3%A9giment_de_chevau-l%C3%A9gers_lanciers_polonais_de_la_Garde_imp%C3%A9riale.PNG 2x" data-file-width="2103" data-file-height="2659" /></a><figcaption>Napoleon inspecting the Elba squadron of the <a href="/wiki/1st_Light_Cavalry_Lancers_Regiment_of_the_Imperial_Guard_(Polish)" title="1st Light Cavalry Lancers Regiment of the Imperial Guard (Polish)">1st Polish Light Cavalry Regiment</a></figcaption></figure> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png/205px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png" decoding="async" width="205" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png/308px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0f/Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png/410px-Naval_Jack_of_the_Principality_of_Elba_1814-1815.png 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1707" /></a><figcaption>Naval jack of Elba</figcaption></figure> <p>As allowed by the Treaty of Fontainebleau, Napoleon brought 870 men to the island with him from France. The army was made up of 566 from the elite <a href="/wiki/Imperial_Guard_(Napoleon_I)" title="Imperial Guard (Napoleon I)"><i>Garde Impériale</i></a> (both infantry and cavalry) and the remaining 300 were from a small battalion of <a href="/wiki/Grenadier" title="Grenadier">grenadiers</a>. The army was under the supervision of General <a href="/wiki/Antoine_Drouot" title="Antoine Drouot">Antoine Drouot</a> and commanded by General <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Cambronne" title="Pierre Cambronne">Pierre Cambronne</a> and the staff headquarters. The navy consisted of 66 men and one ship: the double-masted, 18-gunned brig, <a href="/wiki/French_brig_Inconstant_(1811)" title="French brig Inconstant (1811)"><i>Inconstant</i></a>. A small <a href="/wiki/Flotilla" title="Flotilla">flotilla</a> of two other <a href="/wiki/Sloop" title="Sloop">sloops</a> also accompanied <i>Inconstant</i>. The fleet was first commanded by Lieutenant François-Louis Taillade; however, after nearly losing <i>Inconstant</i> in a storm, Taillade was replaced by Lieutenant Jean François Chautard, who would later ferry Napoleon back from Elba in 1815. Paoli Filidoro was appointed Captain of the <i><a href="/wiki/National_Gendarmerie" title="National Gendarmerie">Gendarmerie</a></i> and operated under Giuseppe Balbiani as Intendant General. The combined armed forces by 1815 on Elba numbered about 1,000 men, costing over half of the island's treasury to pay, equip, and feed. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Dissolution">Dissolution</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Dissolution"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg/220px-Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="130" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg/330px-Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg/440px-Beaume_-_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_quittant_l%27%C3%AEle_d%27Elbe_-_1836.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1947" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption>Napoleon leaving Elba on 26 February 1815</figcaption></figure> <p>On 26 February 1815, after ruling Elba for nearly 10 months, Napoleon escaped from the island and landed in southern France to retake power, beginning the <a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">War of the Seventh Coalition</a>. After his defeat at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a>, Napoleon was transported by Britain to the island of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Helena" title="Saint Helena">Saint Helena</a> where he remained a prisoner until his death in 1821. At the <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Vienna" title="Congress of Vienna">Congress of Vienna</a>, sovereignty of the island was transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHicks2014-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHicks2014_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHicks2014">Hicks 2014</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMcLynn1998" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Frank_McLynn" title="Frank McLynn">McLynn, Frank</a> (1998). <i>Napoleon: A Biography</i>. <a href="/wiki/Pimlico_(publishing_imprint)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pimlico (publishing imprint)">Pimlico</a>. p. 597. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-6247-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7126-6247-5"><bdi>978-0-7126-6247-5</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/Amazon_Standard_Identification_Number" title="Amazon Standard Identification Number">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0712662472">0712662472</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%3A+A+Biography&rft.pages=597&rft.pub=Pimlico&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=978-0-7126-6247-5&rft.aulast=McLynn&rft.aufirst=Frank&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLatson2015" class="citation web cs1">Latson, Jennifer (26 February 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3714089/napoleon-exile-history/">"Why Napoleon Probably Should Have Just Stayed in Exile the First Time"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160625010107/http://time.com/3714089/napoleon-exile-history/">Archived</a> from the original on 25 June 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+Napoleon+Probably+Should+Have+Just+Stayed+in+Exile+the+First+Time&rft.date=2015-02-26&rft.aulast=Latson&rft.aufirst=Jennifer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3714089%2Fnapoleon-exile-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020c-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020c_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFnapoleonsites2020c">napoleonsites 2020c</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020b-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020b_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFnapoleonsites2020b">napoleonsites 2020b</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEnapoleonsites2020_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFnapoleonsites2020">napoleonsites 2020</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGruyer1908" class="citation book cs1">Gruyer, Paul (1908). <i>Napoleon, King of Elba</i>. London: William Heinemann.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Napoleon%2C+King+of+Elba&rft.place=London&rft.pub=William+Heinemann&rft.date=1908&rft.aulast=Gruyer&rft.aufirst=Paul&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHicks2014" class="citation journal cs1">Hicks, Peter (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210501122511/https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2014-1-page-53.htm">"Napoleon On Elba – An Exile Of Consent"</a>. <i>Napoleonica la Revue</i>. <b>19</b>: 53. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3917%2Fnapo.141.0053">10.3917/napo.141.0053</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cairn.info/revue-napoleonica-la-revue-2014-1-page-53.htm">the original</a> on 1 May 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Napoleonica+la+Revue&rft.atitle=Napoleon+On+Elba+%E2%80%93+An+Exile+Of+Consent&rft.volume=19&rft.pages=53&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3917%2Fnapo.141.0053&rft.aulast=Hicks&rft.aufirst=Peter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cairn.info%2Frevue-napoleonica-la-revue-2014-1-page-53.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnapoleonsites2020" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">napoleonsites (2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230014724/http://www.napoleonsites.eu/fr/default/521/la-galerie-demidoff-agrave-l-rsquo-icirc-le-d-rsquo-elbe.html">"La Galerie Demidoff à l'Île d'Elbe"</a> [The Demidoff Gallery on the Island of Elba] (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleonsites.eu/fr/default/521/la-galerie-demidoff-agrave-l-rsquo-icirc-le-d-rsquo-elbe.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=La+Galerie+Demidoff+%C3%A0+l%27%C3%8Ele+d%27Elbe&rft.date=2020&rft.au=napoleonsites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleonsites.eu%2Ffr%2Fdefault%2F521%2Fla-galerie-demidoff-agrave-l-rsquo-icirc-le-d-rsquo-elbe.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnapoleonsites2020b" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">napoleonsites (2020b). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230014333/http://www.napoleonsites.eu/fr/divulgativa/530/le-palais-des-mulini-agrave-portoferraio.html">"Le Palais des Mulini à Portoferraio"</a> [The Mulini Palace in Portoferraio] (in French). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleonsites.eu/fr/divulgativa/530/le-palais-des-mulini-agrave-portoferraio.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Le+Palais+des+Mulini+%C3%A0+Portoferraio&rft.date=2020&rft.au=napoleonsites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleonsites.eu%2Ffr%2Fdivulgativa%2F530%2Fle-palais-des-mulini-agrave-portoferraio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFnapoleonsites2020c" class="citation web cs1">napoleonsites (2020c). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201230014911/http://www.napoleonsites.eu/en/divulgativa/533/villa-san-martino-on-the-island-of-elba.html">"Villa San Martino on the Island of Elba"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.napoleonsites.eu/en/divulgativa/533/villa-san-martino-on-the-island-of-elba.html">the original</a> on 30 December 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Villa+San+Martino+on+the+Island+of+Elba&rft.date=2020&rft.au=napoleonsites&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleonsites.eu%2Fen%2Fdivulgativa%2F533%2Fvilla-san-martino-on-the-island-of-elba.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APrincipality+of+Elba" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline 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ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output 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.navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Napoleon" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output 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navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Napoleon" title="Template:Napoleon"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Napoleon" title="Template talk:Napoleon"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleon" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Napoleon"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Napoleon" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_era" title="Napoleonic era">Napoleonic era</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Timeline of the Napoleonic era">timeline</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">First French Empire</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/House_of_Bonaparte" title="House of Bonaparte">Family</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Wives:</b> <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9phine_de_Beauharnais" title="Joséphine de Beauharnais">Joséphine de Beauharnais</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marie_Louise,_Duchess_of_Parma" title="Marie Louise, Duchess of Parma">Marie Louise</a></li> <li><b>Children:</b> <a href="/wiki/Charles_L%C3%A9on" title="Charles Léon">Charles Léon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexandre_Walewski" class="mw-redirect" title="Alexandre Walewski">Alexandre Walewski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_II" title="Napoleon II">Napoleon II</a></li> <li><b>Father:</b> <a href="/wiki/Carlo_Maria_Buonaparte" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Maria Buonaparte">Carlo Maria Buonaparte</a></li> <li><b>Mother:</b> <a href="/wiki/Letizia_Ramolino" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia Ramolino">Letizia Ramolino</a></li> <li><b>Brothers:</b> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Bonaparte" title="Joseph Bonaparte">Joseph Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucien_Bonaparte" title="Lucien Bonaparte">Lucien Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Bonaparte" title="Louis Bonaparte">Louis Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/J%C3%A9r%C3%B4me_Bonaparte" title="Jérôme Bonaparte">Jérôme Bonaparte</a></li> <li><b>Sisters:</b> <a href="/wiki/Caroline_Bonaparte" title="Caroline Bonaparte">Caroline Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pauline_Bonaparte" title="Pauline Bonaparte">Pauline Bonaparte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elisa_Bonaparte" title="Elisa Bonaparte">Elisa Bonaparte</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/120px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="141" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/180px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg/240px-David_-_Napoleon_crossing_the_Alps_-_Malmaison1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1371" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_the_Napoleonic_era" title="Timeline of the Napoleonic era">Life and career</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon%27s_stay_in_Auxonne&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon's stay in Auxonne (page does not exist)">Stay in Auxonne</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A9jour_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Bonaparte_%C3%A0_Auxonne" class="extiw" title="fr:Séjour de Napoléon Bonaparte à Auxonne">fr</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coup_of_18_Brumaire" title="Coup of 18 Brumaire">Coup of 18 Brumaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_Consulate" title="French Consulate">Consulate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assassination_attempts_on_Napoleon_Bonaparte" title="Assassination attempts on Napoleon Bonaparte">Assassination attempts</a></li> <li>Constitutions <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_VIII" title="Constitution of the Year VIII">1799</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_X" title="Constitution of the Year X">1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_the_Year_XII" title="Constitution of the Year XII">1804</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charter_of_1815" title="Charter of 1815">1815</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coronation_of_Napoleon" title="Coronation of Napoleon">Coronation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louisiana_Purchase" title="Louisiana Purchase">Sale of Louisiana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_planned_invasion_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Napoleon's planned invasion of the United Kingdom">Planned invasion of the United Kingdom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_in_Holland" title="Napoleon in Holland">Holland</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesures_usuelles" title="Mesures usuelles">Mesures usuelles</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_looting_of_art" title="Napoleonic looting of art">Looting of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_tactics" title="Napoleonic tactics">Tactics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_weaponry_and_warfare" title="Napoleonic weaponry and warfare">Weaponry and warfare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Fontainebleau_(1814)" title="Treaty of Fontainebleau (1814)">1st abdication</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">1st exile</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Route_Napol%C3%A9on" title="Route Napoléon">Route Napoléon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Abdication_of_Napoleon,_1815" title="Abdication of Napoleon, 1815">2nd abdication</a> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Exile_of_Napoleon_to_Saint_Helena&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Exile of Napoleon to Saint Helena (page does not exist)">2nd exile</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exil_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_%C3%A0_Sainte-H%C3%A9l%C3%A8ne" class="extiw" title="fr:Exil de Napoléon Ier à Sainte-Hélène">fr</a>]</span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Napoleon" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Napoleon">Death</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mort_de_Napol%C3%A9on_Ier" class="extiw" title="fr:Mort de Napoléon Ier">fr</a>]</span> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_mask_of_Napoleon" title="Death mask of Napoleon">mask</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Military_career_of_Napoleon" title="Military career of Napoleon">Battles and wars</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolutionary_Wars" title="French Revolutionary Wars">French Revolutionary Wars</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Toulon_(1793)" title="Siege of Toulon (1793)">Siege of Toulon</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/13_Vend%C3%A9miaire" title="13 Vendémiaire">13 Vendémiaire</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lodi" title="Battle of Lodi">Battle of Lodi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Bassano" title="Battle of Bassano">Battle of Bassano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Rivoli" title="Battle of Rivoli">Battle of Rivoli</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_campaign_in_Egypt_and_Syria" class="mw-redirect" title="French campaign in Egypt and Syria">French campaign in Egypt and Syria</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Pyramids" title="Battle of the Pyramids">Battle of the Pyramids</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jaffa" title="Siege of Jaffa">Siege of Jaffa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Marengo" title="Battle of Marengo">Battle of Marengo</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Third_Coalition" title="War of the Third Coalition">War of the Third Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Austerlitz" title="Battle of Austerlitz">Battle of Austerlitz</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fourth_Coalition" title="War of the Fourth Coalition">War of the Fourth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eylau" title="Battle of Eylau">Battle of Eylau</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Fifth_Coalition" title="War of the Fifth Coalition">War of the Fifth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Eckm%C3%BChl" title="Battle of Eckmühl">Battle of Eckmühl</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Russia" title="French invasion of Russia">French invasion of Russia</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Borodino" title="Battle of Borodino">Battle of Borodino</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/War_of_the_Sixth_Coalition" title="War of the Sixth Coalition">War of the Sixth Coalition</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Leipzig" title="Battle of Leipzig">Battle of Leipzig</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Vauchamps" title="Battle of Vauchamps">Battle of Vauchamps</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arcis-sur-Aube" title="Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube">Battle of Arcis-sur-Aube</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Hundred_Days" title="Hundred Days">Hundred Days</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Ligny" title="Battle of Ligny">Battle of Ligny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Waterloo" title="Battle of Waterloo">Battle of Waterloo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Views</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Catholic_Church" title="Napoleon and the Catholic Church">Catholic Church</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Concordat_of_1801" title="Concordat of 1801">Concordat of 1801</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Tiara" title="Napoleon Tiara">Tiara</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_the_Jews" title="Napoleon and the Jews">Jewish people</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Sanhedrin" title="Grand Sanhedrin">Grand Sanhedrin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Infamous_Decree" title="Infamous Decree">Infamous Decree</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_and_Protestants" title="Napoleon and Protestants">Protestants</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organic_Articles" title="Organic Articles">Organic Articles</a></li></ul></li> <li>Slavery <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_20_May_1802" title="Law of 20 May 1802">Law of 20 May 1802</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Domingue_expedition" title="Saint-Domingue expedition">Saint-Domingue expedition</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Napoleon_and_women&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Napoleon and women (page does not exist)">Women</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napol%C3%A9on_Ier_et_les_femmes" class="extiw" title="fr:Napoléon Ier et les femmes">fr</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Homes and honours</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arc_de_Triomphe" title="Arc de Triomphe">Arc de Triomphe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Column_of_the_Grande_Arm%C3%A9e" title="Column of the Grande Armée">Column of the Grande Armée</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Statue_of_Napoleon_(Rouen)" class="mw-redirect" title="Statue of Napoleon (Rouen)">Equestrian statue</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_Fontainebleau" title="Palace of Fontainebleau">Palace of Fontainebleau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Invalides" title="Les Invalides">Les Invalides</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longwood_House" title="Longwood House">Longwood House</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maison_Bonaparte" title="Maison Bonaparte">Maison Bonaparte</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_as_Mars_the_Peacemaker" title="Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker">Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker</a></i> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_as_Mars_the_Peacemaker_(Milan)" title="Napoleon as Mars the Peacemaker (Milan)">Milan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rue_de_la_Victoire" title="Rue de la Victoire">Rue de la Victoire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Bonaparte_Monument_(Warsaw)" title="Napoleon Bonaparte Monument (Warsaw)">Warsaw monument</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Legacy_of_Napoleon" title="Legacy of Napoleon">Legacy and memory</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bank_of_France" title="Bank of France">Bank of France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonapartism" title="Bonapartism">Bonapartism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_depictions_of_Napoleon" title="Cultural depictions of Napoleon">Cultural depictions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_complex" title="Napoleon complex">Napoleon complex</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_is_a_sleeping_giant" title="China is a sleeping giant">"China is a sleeping giant" quote</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Romanticism" title="German Romanticism">German Romanticism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Code" title="Napoleonic Code">Napoleonic Code</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_propaganda" title="Napoleonic propaganda">Propaganda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_tomb" title="Napoleon's tomb">Tomb</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Retour_des_cendres" title="Retour des cendres">Retour des cendres</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon%27s_penis" title="Napoleon's penis">Penis</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_studies" title="Napoleonic studies">Studies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Symphony_No._3_(Beethoven)" title="Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)">Symphony No. 3 (Beethoven)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Napoleon" title="Category:Napoleon">Category</a> / <span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:_Napoleon_I_of_France" class="extiw" title="commons:Category: Napoleon I of France">Commons</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Template:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Template talk:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Former_monarchies_Italian_peninsula" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Former monarchies Italian peninsula"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_historic_states_of_Italy" class="mw-redirect" title="List of historic states of Italy">List of historic states of Italy</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Pre-Roman period</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruscan_civilization" title="Etruscan civilization">Etruscan civilization</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Etruria" title="Etruria">Etruria</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samnites" title="Samnites">Samnites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latins_(Italic_tribe)" title="Latins (Italic tribe)">Latins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osci" title="Osci">Osci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celts" title="Celts">Celts</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Gaul" title="Cisalpine Gaul">Cisalpine Gaul</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adriatic_Veneti" title="Adriatic Veneti">Veneti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligures" title="Ligures">Ligures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuragic_civilization" title="Nuragic civilization">Nuragic civilization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Umbri" title="Umbri">Umbri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magna_Graecia" title="Magna Graecia">Magna Graecia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iapygians" title="Iapygians">Iapygians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picentes" title="Picentes">Picentes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Rome" title="Ancient Rome">Ancient Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Kingdom" title="Roman Kingdom">Roman Kingdom</a> (753 BC–509 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic" title="Roman Republic">Roman Republic</a> (509 BC–27 BC)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a> (27 BC–395 AD)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Roman_Empire" title="Western Roman Empire">Western Roman Empire</a> (395–476 AD)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Medieval<br />and<br />Early Modern<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Barbarian kingdoms<br />(476–774)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(476%E2%80%93493)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Italy (476–493)">Odoacer's rule</a> (476–493)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ostrogothic_Kingdom" title="Ostrogothic Kingdom">Ostrogothic rule</a> (493–553)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vandal_Kingdom" title="Vandal Kingdom">Vandal rule</a> (435–534)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Lombards" title="Kingdom of the Lombards">Lombard rule</a> (568–774) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Duchy of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Friuli" title="Duchy of Friuli">Duchy of Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Ivrea">Duchy of Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duchy of Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Tridentum" title="Duchy of Tridentum">Duchy of Tridentum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Tuscia" title="Duchy of Tuscia">Duchy of Tuscia</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Empire" title="Byzantine Empire">Byzantine Empire</a> (584–751)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Ravenna" title="Exarchate of Ravenna">Exarchate of Ravenna</a> (584–751) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Rome" title="Duchy of Rome">Duchy of Rome</a> (533–751)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Perugia" title="Duchy of Perugia">Duchy of Perugia</a> (554–752)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_the_Pentapolis" title="Duchy of the Pentapolis">Duchy of the Pentapolis</a> (554–752)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exarchate_of_Africa" title="Exarchate of Africa">Exarchate of Africa</a> (585–698)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Papal_States" title="Papal States">Papal States</a><br />(754–1870)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Patrimony_of_Saint_Peter" title="Patrimony of Saint Peter">Patrimony of Saint Peter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Campagna_e_Marittima_Province" title="Campagna e Marittima Province">Campagna e Marittima Province</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Castro" title="Duchy of Castro">Duchy of Castro</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ferrara" title="Duchy of Ferrara">Duchy of Ferrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Urbino" title="Duchy of Urbino">Duchy of Urbino</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a><br />and other<br />independent<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Brixen" title="Prince-Bishopric of Brixen">Bishopric of Bressanone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corsican_Republic" title="Corsican Republic">Corsican Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corpus_separatum_(Fiume)" title="Corpus separatum (Fiume)">City of Fiume and its District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Gorizia" title="County of Gorizia">County of Gorizia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Princely_County_of_Gorizia_and_Gradisca" title="Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca">Princely County of Gorizia and Gradisca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Guastalla" title="County of Guastalla">County of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Santa_Fiora" title="County of Santa Fiora">County of Santa Fiora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guastalla" title="Duchy of Guastalla">Duchy of Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Holy_Roman_Empire)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Holy Roman Empire)">Kingdom of Italy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Ancona" title="March of Ancona">Ancona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Ceva" title="Marquisate of Ceva">Ceva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Finale" title="Marquisate of Finale">Finale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Friuli" title="March of Friuli">March of Friuli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patria_del_Friuli" title="Patria del Friuli">Patria del Friuli (Patriarchate of Aquileia)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Ivrea" title="March of Ivrea">Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Istria" title="March of Istria">Istria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margraviate_of_Mantua" class="mw-redirect" title="Margraviate of Mantua">Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lordship_of_Milan" title="Lordship of Milan">Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Montferrat" title="March of Montferrat">March of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Montferrat" title="Duchy of Montferrat">Duchy of Montferrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Free_City_of_Trieste" title="Imperial Free City of Trieste">Trieste</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Turin" title="March of Turin">Turin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Tuscany" title="March of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/March_of_Verona" title="March of Verona">Verona</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Ivrea" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Ivrea">Duchy of Ivrea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Milan" title="Duchy of Milan">Duchy of Milan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mantua" title="Duchy of Mantua">Duchy of Mantua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Duchy of Massa and Carrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Merania" title="Duchy of Merania">Duchy of Merania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Mirandola" title="Duchy of Mirandola">Duchy of Mirandola</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Piombino" title="Principality of Piombino">Principality of Piombino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Reggio" title="Duchy of Reggio">Duchy of Reggio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Saluzzo" title="Marquisate of Saluzzo">Marquisate of Saluzzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Spoleto" title="Duchy of Spoleto">Duchy of Spoleto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Diocese_of_Tarentaise" title="Ancient Diocese of Tarentaise">Bishopric of Tarantasia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince-Bishopric_of_Trent" title="Prince-Bishopric of Trent">Prince-Bishopric of Trento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Savoyard_state" title="Savoyard state">Savoyard state</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Savoy" title="Duchy of Savoy">Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Savoy" title="County of Savoy">County of Savoy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prince_of_Piedmont" title="Prince of Piedmont">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Aosta" title="Duchy of Aosta">Duchy of Aosta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Nice" title="County of Nice">County of Nice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tende" title="Tende">County of Tenda</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Venice" title="Republic of Venice">Republic of Venice</a><br />(697–1797)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dogado" title="Dogado">Dogado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domini_di_Terraferma" title="Domini di Terraferma">Domini di Terraferma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stato_da_M%C3%A0r" title="Stato da Màr">Stato da Màr</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Other Republics<br />(c. 1000–1797)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Cospaia" title="Republic of Cospaia">Republic of Cospaia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Florence" title="Republic of Florence">Republic of Florence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Republic of Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Massa" title="Republic of Massa">Republic of Massa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Siena" title="Republic of Siena">Republic of Siena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Noli" title="Republic of Noli">Republic of Noli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Pisa" title="Republic of Pisa">Republic of Pisa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Ancona" title="Republic of Ancona">Republic of Ancona</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/List_of_south_Italian_principalities" title="List of south Italian principalities">Southern Italy</a><br />(774–1139)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Byzantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Amalfi" title="Duchy of Amalfi">Duchy of Amalfi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Gaeta" title="Duchy of Gaeta">Duchy of Gaeta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catepanate_of_Italy" title="Catepanate of Italy">Catepanate of Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Longobardia" title="Longobardia">Longobardia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucania_(theme)" title="Lucania (theme)">Theme of Lucania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Naples" title="Duchy of Naples">Duchy of Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sicily_(theme)" title="Sicily (theme)">Theme of Sicily</a> and <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_Sicily" class="mw-redirect" title="Byzantine Sicily">Byzantine Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Sorrento" title="Duchy of Sorrento">Duchy of Sorrento</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/History_of_Islam_in_southern_Italy" title="History of Islam in southern Italy">Arab</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Emirate_of_Bari" title="Emirate of Bari">Emirate of Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Sicily" title="Muslim Sicily">Muslim Sicily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Lombard</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Principality of Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Salerno" title="Principality of Salerno">Principality of Salerno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Capua" title="Principality of Capua">Principality of Capua</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Norman_conquest_of_southern_Italy" title="Norman conquest of southern Italy">Norman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Apulia_and_Calabria" title="County of Apulia and Calabria">County of Apulia and Calabria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Aversa" class="mw-redirect" title="County of Aversa">County of Aversa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/County_of_Sicily" title="County of Sicily">County of Sicily</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Taranto" title="Principality of Taranto">Principality of Taranto</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Sardinia" title="Sardinia">Sardinia</a> <br />(from the 9th century)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sardinian_medieval_kingdoms" title="Sardinian medieval kingdoms">Judicates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agugliastra" title="Agugliastra">Agugliastra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Arborea" title="Judicate of Arborea">Arborea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Cagliari" title="Judicate of Cagliari">Cagliari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Gallura" title="Judicate of Gallura">Gallura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Judicate_of_Logudoro" title="Judicate of Logudoro">Logudoro</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marquisate_of_Oristano" title="Marquisate of Oristano">Oristano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Sassari" title="Republic of Sassari">Republic of Sassari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1324%E2%80%931720)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1324–1720)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (1324–1861)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a><br />(1130–1816) and<br /><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples" title="Kingdom of Naples">Kingdom of Naples</a><br />(1282–1816)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/State_of_the_Presidi" title="State of the Presidi">State of the Presidi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duke_of_San_Donato" title="Duke of San Donato">Duke of San Donato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Sora" title="Duchy of Sora">Duchy of Sora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Bari" title="Duchy of Bari">Duchy of Bari</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Taranto" title="Principality of Taranto">Principality of Taranto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terra_Sancti_Benedicti" title="Terra Sancti Benedicti">Terra Sancti Benedicti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neapolitan_Republic_(1647%E2%80%931648)" title="Neapolitan Republic (1647–1648)">Neapolitan Republic</a> (1647–1648)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Hospitaller Malta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gozo_(1798%E2%80%931800)" title="Gozo (1798–1800)">Gozo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malta_Protectorate" title="Malta Protectorate">Malta Protectorate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crown_Colony_of_Malta" title="Crown Colony of Malta">Crown Colony of Malta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/French_First_Republic" title="French First Republic">French Revolutionary</a><br /> and <a href="/wiki/First_French_Empire" title="First French Empire">Napoleonic</a> eras<br />(1792–1815)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Republics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cisalpine_Republic" title="Cisalpine Republic">Cisalpinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cispadane_Republic" title="Cispadane Republic">Cispadania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Republic_(Napoleonic)" title="Italian Republic (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligurian_Republic" title="Ligurian Republic">Liguria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Lucca" title="Republic of Lucca">Lucca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parthenopean_Republic" title="Parthenopean Republic">Parthenopea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Piedmontese_Republic" title="Piedmontese Republic">Piedmont</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1798%E2%80%931799)" title="Roman Republic (1798–1799)">Rome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Subalpine_Republic" title="Subalpine Republic">Subalpinia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpadane_Republic" title="Transpadane Republic">Transpadania</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Benevento" title="Duchy of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Etruria" title="Kingdom of Etruria">Etruria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Guastalla" title="Duchy of Guastalla">Guastalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Italy (Napoleonic)">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lucca_and_Piombino" title="Principality of Lucca and Piombino">Lucca and Piombino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Massa and Carrara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Naples_(Napoleonic)" title="Kingdom of Naples (Napoleonic)">Naples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Pontecorvo" title="Principality of Pontecorvo">Pontecorvo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Benevento" title="Principality of Benevento">Benevento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Tuscany</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Elba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglo-Corsican_Kingdom" title="Anglo-Corsican Kingdom">Corsica</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;">Post-Napoleonic<br />states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Genoa" title="Duchy of Genoa">Duchy of Genoa</a> (1815–1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Lucca" title="Duchy of Lucca">Duchy of Lucca</a> (1815–1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Massa_and_Carrara" title="Duchy of Massa and Carrara">Duchy of Massa and Carrara</a> (1814–1829)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Modena_and_Reggio" title="Duchy of Modena and Reggio">Duchy of Modena and Reggio</a> (1814–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Parma_and_Piacenza" title="Duchy of Parma and Piacenza">Duchy of Parma and Piacenza</a> (1814–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Duchy_of_Tuscany" title="Grand Duchy of Tuscany">Grand Duchy of Tuscany</a> (1815–1859)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_United_Provinces" title="Italian United Provinces">Italian United Provinces</a> (1831)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Five_Days_of_Milan" title="Five Days of Milan">Provisional Government of Milan</a> (1848)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_San_Marco" title="Republic of San Marco">Republic of San Marco</a> (1848–1849)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roman_Republic_(1849%E2%80%931850)" title="Roman Republic (1849–1850)">Roman Republic</a> (1849–1850)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Provinces_of_Central_Italy" title="United Provinces of Central Italy">United Provinces of Central Italy</a> (1859–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia_(1720%E2%80%931861)" title="Kingdom of Sardinia (1720–1861)">Kingdom of Sardinia</a> (1814–1860)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies" title="Kingdom of the Two Sicilies">Kingdom of the Two Sicilies</a> (1816–1861)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Lombardy%E2%80%93Venetia" title="Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia">Kingdom of Lombardy–Venetia</a> (1815–1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Papal_States#Italian_unification" title="Papal States">Papal States</a> (1814–1870)</li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Post-unification" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Post-<a href="/wiki/Unification_of_Italy" title="Unification of Italy">unification</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Italy" title="Kingdom of Italy">Kingdom of Italy</a> (1861–1946) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Empire" title="Italian Empire">Italian Empire</a> (1882–1960)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Fiume" title="Free State of Fiume">Free State of Fiume</a> (1920–1924)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_Social_Republic" title="Italian Social Republic">Italian Social Republic</a> (1943–1945)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Territory_of_Trieste" title="Free Territory of Trieste">Free Territory of Trieste</a> (1947–1954)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&oldid=1257941725">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Principality_of_Elba&oldid=1257941725</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:1814_in_Italy" 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