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aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Origins" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Origins"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Origins</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Origins-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Golden_age_(12th_to_15th_centuries)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Golden_age_(12th_to_15th_centuries)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Golden age (12th to 15th centuries)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Golden_age_(12th_to_15th_centuries)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Decline_after_1500" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Decline_after_1500"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Decline after 1500</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Decline_after_1500-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-19th_century_and_later_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#19th_century_and_later_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>19th century and later revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-19th_century_and_later_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Landmarks,_arts,_and_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Landmarks,_arts,_and_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Landmarks, arts, and culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Landmarks,_arts,_and_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Landmarks, arts, and culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Landmarks,_arts,_and_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Craft" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Craft"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Craft</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Craft-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Entertainment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Entertainment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Entertainment</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Entertainment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Festivals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Festivals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2.1</span> <span>Festivals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Festivals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Museums_and_historic_sites_(non-religious)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Museums_and_historic_sites_(non-religious)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Museums and historic sites (non-religious)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Museums_and_historic_sites_(non-religious)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion_and_religious_landmarks" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion_and_religious_landmarks"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Religion and religious landmarks</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion_and_religious_landmarks-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Transport</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Transport-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Transport subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Railway" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Railway"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>Railway</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Railway-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>Air</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Air-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Public_city_transport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Public_city_transport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>Public city transport</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Public_city_transport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cycling" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cycling"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>Cycling</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cycling-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Port" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Port"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>Port</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Port-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Demographics</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sports" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sports"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Sports</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sports-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Town_twinning_policy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Town_twinning_policy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Town twinning policy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Town_twinning_policy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-In_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#In_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>In popular culture</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle In popular culture subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-In_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Notable_people" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notable_people"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.1</span> <span>Notable people</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notable_people-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Literature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Literature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.2</span> <span>Literature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Literature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Film" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Film"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.3</span> <span>Film</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Film-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television_and_music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television_and_music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11.4</span> <span>Television and music</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television_and_music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">Bruges: Difference between revisions</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 95 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-95" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">95 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brycg_(burh)" title="Brycg (burh) – Old English" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Brycg (burh)" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Old English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بروج – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بروج" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruches" title="Bruches – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Bruches" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D6%80%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%AA" title="Պրիւժ – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Պրիւժ" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxes" title="Bruxes – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Bruxes" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCgge" title="Brügge – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Brügge" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%81%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%B8" title="ব্রুজস – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="ব্রুজস" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D1%8D" title="Бругэ – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Бругэ" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Бруге – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Бруге" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брюге – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Брюге" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges_(lungsod_sa_Belhika)" title="Bruges (lungsod sa Belhika) – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Bruges (lungsod sa Belhika)" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruggy" title="Bruggy – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Bruggy" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCgge" title="Brügge – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Brügge" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CF%80%CF%81%CF%85%CE%B6" title="Μπρυζ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μπρυζ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Brujas" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bru%C4%9Do" title="Bruĝo – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Bruĝo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Brujas" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Brujas" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE%D9%87" title="بروخه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بروخه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruxas" title="Bruxas – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Bruxas" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B8%8C%EB%A4%BC%ED%97%88" title="브뤼허 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="브뤼허" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D6%80%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A3%D5%A3%D5%A5" title="Բրյուգգե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բրյուգգե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брюгге – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Брюгге" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A8%D7%95%D7%96%27" title="ברוז' – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ברוז'" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%91%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98%E1%83%A3%E1%83%92%E1%83%94" title="ბრიუგე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ბრიუგე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брюгге – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Брюгге" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugae" title="Brugae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Brugae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brige" title="Brige – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Brige" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Briug%C4%97" title="Briugė – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Briugė" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%83%D1%85%D0%B5" title="Брухе – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Брухе" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%9C" title="ब्रूज – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="ब्रूज" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AC" title="بروج – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="بروج" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%96%E3%83%AB%E3%83%83%E3%83%98" title="ブルッヘ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ブルッヘ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCgge" title="Brügge – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Brügge" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Brujas" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B2" title="برویز – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="برویز" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brudje" title="Brudje – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Brudje" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Br%C3%BCgge" title="Brügge – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Brügge" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugia" title="Brugia – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Brugia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брюгге – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Брюгге" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruggy" title="Bruggy – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Bruggy" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B6" title="Бриж – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Бриж" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brygge" title="Brygge – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Brygge" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brujas" title="Brujas – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Brujas" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D2%AF%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брүгге – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Брүгге" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%8A" title="บรูช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="บรูช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D1%8E%D0%B3%D0%B3%D0%B5" title="Брюгге – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Брюгге" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%AE%DB%92" title="بروخے – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="بروخے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges_(Fiandre)" title="Bruges (Fiandre) – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Bruges (Fiandre)" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brudje" title="Brudje – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Brudje" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruges" title="Bruges – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Bruges" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%B2%81%E6%97%A5" title="布鲁日 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="布鲁日" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%97%A5" title="布魯日 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="布魯日" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugge" title="Brugge – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Brugge" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%B8%83%E9%AD%AF%E6%97%A5" title="布魯日 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="布魯日" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q12994#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet 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.geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bruges&params=51_12_32_N_03_13_27_E_region:BE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°12′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">03°13′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.20889°N 3.22417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.20889; 3.22417</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> <div id="mw-indicator-mw-helplink" class="mw-indicator"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Help:Diff" target="_blank" class="mw-helplink"><span 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id="mw-diff-otitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-otitle4"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&diff=prev&oldid=1256340536" title="Bruges" id="differences-prevlink">← Previous edit</a></div></td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-ntitle diff-side-added"><div id="mw-diff-ntitle1"><strong><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&oldid=1260350528" title="Bruges">Latest revision as of 07:42, 30 November 2024</a> <span class="mw-diff-edit"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit" title="Bruges">edit</a></span><span class="mw-diff-timestamp" data-timestamp="2024-11-30T07:42:41Z"></span> <span class="mw-diff-undo"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&undoafter=1256340536&undo=1260350528" title=""Undo" reverts this edit and opens the edit form in preview mode. It allows adding a reason in the summary.">undo</a></span></strong></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle2"><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Nechkanik&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new mw-userlink" title="User:Nechkanik (page does not exist)" data-mw-revid="1260350528"><bdi>Nechkanik</bdi></a> <span class="mw-usertoollinks">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Nechkanik" class="mw-usertoollinks-talk" title="User talk:Nechkanik">talk</a> | <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Nechkanik" class="mw-usertoollinks-contribs" title="Special:Contributions/Nechkanik">contribs</a>)</span><div class="mw-diff-usermetadata"><div class="mw-diff-userroles"></div><div class="mw-diff-usereditcount"><span>114</span> edits</div></div></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle3"><abbr class="minoredit" title="This is a minor edit">m</abbr><span class="comment mw-comment-none">No edit summary</span></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle5"></div><div id="mw-diff-ntitle4"> </div></td> </tr><tr> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 59:</td> <td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno">Line 59:</td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>}}</div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>}}</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td> <td class="diff-deletedline diff-side-deleted"><div>'''Bruges''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|uː|ʒ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav}} {{respell|BROOZH}}, {{IPA|fr|bʁyʒ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Bruges.wav}}; {{langx|nl|Brugge}} {{IPA|nl|ˈbrʏɣə||nl-Brugge.ogg}}; {{langx|vls|Brugge}} {{IPA|vls|ˈbrœɦə|}}) is the capital and largest [[City status in Belgium|city]] of the [[Provinces of Belgium|province]] of [[West Flanders]] in the [[Flemish Region]] of [[Belgium]]<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</del> in the northwest of the country<del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">.</del> <del class="diffchange diffchange-inline">It</del> is the sixth most populous city in the country.</div></td> <td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td> <td class="diff-addedline diff-side-added"><div>'''Bruges''' ({{IPAc-en|b|r|uː|ʒ|audio=LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav}} {{respell|BROOZH}}, {{IPA|fr|bʁyʒ|lang|LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Bruges.wav}}; {{langx|nl|Brugge}} {{IPA|nl|ˈbrʏɣə||nl-Brugge.ogg}}; {{langx|vls|Brugge}} {{IPA|vls|ˈbrœɦə|}}) is the capital and largest [[City status in Belgium|city]] of the [[Provinces of Belgium|province]] of [[West Flanders]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins> in the [[Flemish Region]] of [[Belgium]]<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">. It is</ins> in the northwest of the country<ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">,</ins> <ins class="diffchange diffchange-inline">and</ins> is the sixth most populous city in the country.</div></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><br /></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><br /></td> </tr> <tr> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-deleted"><div>The area of the whole city amounts to more than 14,099 hectares (140.99&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>; 54.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at [[Zeebrugge]] (from {{lang|nl|Brugge aan zee}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen 1807-1914 |first1=Hugo |last1=Degraer |publisher=Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan |year=1968 |page=143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ&q=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&dq=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&cd=2 Snippet pages 143]</ref> meaning 'Bruges by the Sea').<ref>{{cite book |title=Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism |edition=3 |first1=Brian G. |last1=Boniface |first2=Christopher P. |last2=Cooper |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7506-4231-6 |page=140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC&pg=PA140 page 140]</ref> The historic city centre is a prominent [[World Heritage Site]] of [[UNESCO]]. It is oval and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008),<ref name="BelMun2008">[http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls Statistics Belgium; ''Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008'' ('''excel-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126165629/http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls |date=26 January 2009 }} Population of all municipalities in Belgium, as of 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</ref> of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The [[metropolitan area]], including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of {{convert|616|km²|0|abbr=on}} and had a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.<ref name="BelMetr">[http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf Statistics Belgium; ''De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001'' ('''pdf-file''')] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029020131/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf |date=29 October 2008 }} Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Bruges is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration ({{lang|nl|agglomeratie}}), which in this case is Bruges municipality, with 117,073 inhabitants (1 January 2008). Adding the closest surroundings ({{lang|fr|banlieue}}) gives a total of 166,502. And, including the outer commuter zone ({{lang|nl|forensenwoonzone}}) the population is 255,844. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</ref></div></td> <td class="diff-marker"></td> <td class="diff-context diff-side-added"><div>The area of the whole city amounts to more than 14,099 hectares (140.99&nbsp;km<sup>2</sup>; 54.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at [[Zeebrugge]] (from {{lang|nl|Brugge aan zee}},<ref>{{cite book |title=Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen 1807-1914 |first1=Hugo |last1=Degraer |publisher=Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan |year=1968 |page=143 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ }}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ&q=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&dq=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&cd=2 Snippet pages 143]</ref> meaning 'Bruges by the Sea').<ref>{{cite book |title=Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism |edition=3 |first1=Brian G. |last1=Boniface |first2=Christopher P. |last2=Cooper |publisher=Butterworth-Heinemann |year=2001 |isbn=978-0-7506-4231-6 |page=140 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC}}, [https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC&pg=PA140 page 140]</ref> The historic city centre is a prominent [[World Heritage Site]] of [[UNESCO]]. It is oval and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008),<ref name="BelMun2008">[http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls Statistics Belgium; ''Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008'' ('''excel-file''')] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090126165629/http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls |date=26 January 2009 }} Population of all municipalities in Belgium, as of 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</ref> of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The [[metropolitan area]], including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of {{convert|616|km²|0|abbr=on}} and had a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.<ref name="BelMetr">[http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf Statistics Belgium; ''De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001'' ('''pdf-file''')] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081029020131/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf |date=29 October 2008 }} Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Bruges is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration ({{lang|nl|agglomeratie}}), which in this case is Bruges municipality, with 117,073 inhabitants (1 January 2008). Adding the closest surroundings ({{lang|fr|banlieue}}) gives a total of 166,502. And, including the outer commuter zone ({{lang|nl|forensenwoonzone}}) the population is 255,844. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</ref></div></td> </tr>  </table><hr class='diff-hr' id='mw-oldid' /> <h2 class='diff-currentversion-title'>Latest revision as of 07:42, 30 November 2024</h2> <div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Capital of West Flanders province, Belgium</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Bruges_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Bruges (disambiguation)">Bruges (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">City and municipality in Flemish Community, Belgium</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Bruges</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Brugge</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Belgium" title="Municipalities of Belgium">municipality</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:272px;max-width:272px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:171px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Southwestern view from the Belfry, with the Church of Our Lady and St. Salvator's Cathedral in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg/268px-Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="172" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg/402px-Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9a/Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg/536px-Br%C3%BCgge_Blick_vom_Belfried_4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4520" data-file-height="2896" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Southwestern view from the <a href="/wiki/Belfry_of_Bruges" title="Belfry of Bruges">Belfry</a>, with the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Bruges" title="Church of Our Lady, Bruges">Church of Our Lady</a> and <a href="/wiki/St._Salvator%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Salvator's Cathedral">St. Salvator's Cathedral</a> in the background</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Concertgebouw, Bruges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg/132px-Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg/198px-Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg/264px-Concertgebouwbrugge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="933" data-file-height="622" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw,_Bruges" title="Concertgebouw, Bruges">Concertgebouw</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:134px;max-width:134px"><div style="height:88px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="View from the Rozenhoedkaai with the belfry in the background" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg/132px-Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg" decoding="async" width="132" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg/198px-Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ec/Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg/264px-Bruges_Belgium_De-groote-Hollander-Huidenvettersplein-12-03.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4120" data-file-height="2747" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center">Canal view with Belfry in the background</div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:270px;max-width:270px"><div style="height:160px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Zeebrugge beach and outer port" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg/268px-Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="268" height="161" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg/402px-Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg/536px-Zeebrugge_Beach_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3784" data-file-height="2268" /></a></span></div><div class="text-align-center"><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a> beach and outer <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Zeebrugge" title="Port of Zeebrugge">port</a></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Bruges.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Bruges"><img alt="Flag of Bruges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Bruges.svg/100px-Flag_of_Bruges.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Bruges.svg/150px-Flag_of_Bruges.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/Flag_of_Bruges.svg/200px-Flag_of_Bruges.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="595" data-file-height="397" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Flag</div></div><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BEL_COA_Bruges.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of Bruges"><img alt="Coat of arms of Bruges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BEL_COA_Bruges.svg/100px-BEL_COA_Bruges.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BEL_COA_Bruges.svg/150px-BEL_COA_Bruges.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/BEL_COA_Bruges.svg/200px-BEL_COA_Bruges.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="508" data-file-height="381" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link">Coat of arms</div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style=""><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; height:5px;">Location of Bruges</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <div class="center" style="margin-top:1em"><a class="mw-kartographer-map notheme mw-kartographer-container center" style="width: 270px; height: 200px;" data-mw-kartographer="mapframe" data-style="osm-intl" data-width="270" data-height="200" data-zoom="10" data-overlays="["_69355ed4750d48ca3c61ec80dc0d9a147a258dea"]"><img src="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bruges&revid=1260350528&groups=_69355ed4750d48ca3c61ec80dc0d9a147a258dea" width="270" height="200" decoding="async" srcset="https://maps.wikimedia.org/img/osm-intl,10,a,a,270x200@2x.png?lang=en&domain=en.wikipedia.org&title=Bruges&revid=1260350528&groups=_69355ed4750d48ca3c61ec80dc0d9a147a258dea 2x" alt="Map" /></a></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Bruges is located in Belgium"><img alt="Bruges is located in Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/250px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/375px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Belgium_location_map.svg/500px-Belgium_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1136" data-file-height="988" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:22.735%;left:21.791%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Bruges"><img alt="Bruges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:4px"><div>Bruges</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em">Location in Belgium <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1214851843"><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="margin-top:2px; border:1px solid grey;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; font-size:115%; text-align: left; height:auto; padding:0.2em; padding-left:0.6em; padding-right:2em;">Location of Bruges in West Flanders</div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="text-align: center;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/232px-Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="232" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/348px-Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg/464px-Brugge_West-Flanders_Belgium_Map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="674" data-file-height="727" /></a></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Bruges&params=51_12_32_N_03_13_27_E_region:BE_type:city"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">51°12′32″N</span> <span class="longitude">03°13′27″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">51.20889°N 3.22417°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">51.20889; 3.22417</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Community</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Community" title="Flemish Community">Flemish Community</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Communities,_regions_and_language_areas_of_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Communities, regions and language areas of Belgium">Region</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Province</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissements_of_Belgium#Administrative" title="Arrondissements of Belgium">Arrondissement</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bruges" title="Arrondissement of Bruges">Bruges</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Mayor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dirk_De_fauw" title="Dirk De fauw">Dirk De fauw</a> (CD&V)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Governing party/ies</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_and_Flemish" title="Christian Democratic and Flemish">CD&V</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vooruit_(political_party)" title="Vooruit (political party)">Vooruit</a>, <a href="/wiki/Open_Flemish_Liberals_and_Democrats" title="Open Flemish Liberals and Democrats">Open VLD</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">140.99 km<sup>2</sup> (54.44 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(2022-01-01)<sup id="cite_ref-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">118,509</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">840/km<sup>2</sup> (2,200/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Postal_codes_in_Belgium" title="Postal codes in Belgium">Postal codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">8000, 8200, 8310, 8380</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/NIS_code" title="NIS code">NIS code</a></th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div class="postal-code">31005</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_Belgium" title="Telephone numbers in Belgium">Area codes</a></th><td class="infobox-data">050</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brugge.be">brugge.be</a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><div style="border:4px solid #0177D3; line-height: 1.5; text-align: center;"> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO World Heritage Site</a></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Official name</th><td class="infobox-data">Historic Centre of Brugge</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site#Selection_criteria" title="World Heritage Site">Criteria</a></th><td class="infobox-data category">Cultural: (ii)(iv)(vi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Reference</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/996">996</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Inscription</th><td class="infobox-data">2000 (24th <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Committee" title="World Heritage Committee">Session</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Area</th><td class="infobox-data category">410 ha (1,000 acres)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.3em;">Buffer zone</th><td class="infobox-data category">168 ha (420 acres)</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Brugge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/70px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="70" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/105px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/140px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><a href="/wiki/Logo" title="Logo">Logo</a> of Brugge</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Bruges</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'b' in 'buy'">b</span><span title="'r' in 'rye'">r</span><span title="/uː/: 'oo' in 'goose'">uː</span><span title="/ʒ/: 's' in 'pleasure'">ʒ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/5\/5c\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav\/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5c/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav/LL-Q1860_%28eng%29-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q1860_(eng)-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav" title="File:LL-Q1860 (eng)-Vealhurl-Bruges.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">BROOZH</span></i></a>, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[bʁyʒ]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/2\/23\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Bruges.wav\/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Bruges.wav.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Bruges.wav"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/2/23/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Bruges.wav/LL-Q150_%28fra%29-Jules78120-Bruges.wav.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:LL-Q150_(fra)-Jules78120-Bruges.wav" title="File:LL-Q150 (fra)-Jules78120-Bruges.wav">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Brugge</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="nl-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Dutch" title="Help:IPA/Dutch">[ˈbrʏɣə]</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-3" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/12\/Nl-Brugge.ogg\/Nl-Brugge.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"Nl-Brugge.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/12/Nl-Brugge.ogg/Nl-Brugge.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:Nl-Brugge.ogg" title="File:Nl-Brugge.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span>; <a href="/wiki/West_Flemish_language" class="mw-redirect" title="West Flemish language">West Flemish</a>: <i lang="vls">Brugge</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="vls-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[ˈbrœɦə]</a></span>) is the capital and largest <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">city</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">province</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flemish Region</a> of <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>. It is in the northwest of the country, and is the sixth most populous city in the country. </p><p>The area of the whole city amounts to more than 14,099 hectares (140.99 km<sup>2</sup>; 54.44 sq miles), including 1,075 hectares off the coast, at <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a> (from <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Brugge aan zee</i></span>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> meaning 'Bruges by the Sea').<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The historic city centre is a prominent <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> of <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a>. It is oval and about 430 hectares in size. The city's total population is 117,073 (1 January 2008),<sup id="cite_ref-BelMun2008_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelMun2008-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of whom around 20,000 live in the city centre. The <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_area" title="Metropolitan area">metropolitan area</a>, including the outer commuter zone, covers an area of 616 km<sup>2</sup> (238 sq mi) and had a total of 255,844 inhabitants as of 1 January 2008.<sup id="cite_ref-BelMetr_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-BelMetr-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Along with a few other canal-based northern cities, such as <a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Petersburg" title="Saint Petersburg">Saint Petersburg</a>, it is sometimes referred to as the <a href="/wiki/Venice_of_the_North" title="Venice of the North">Venice of the North</a>. Bruges has significant economic importance, thanks to its <a href="#Port">port</a>, and was once one of the world's chief commercial cities.<sup id="cite_ref-world_and_its_people_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_and_its_people-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Bruges is a major tourism destination within Belgium and is well-known as the seat of the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a>, a university institute for European studies.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest mention of the location's name is as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Bruggas</i></span>, <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Brvggas</i></span> or <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Brvccia</i></span> in <a href="/wiki/Anno_Domini" title="Anno Domini">AD</a> 840–875. Afterwards, it appears as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Bruciam</i></span> and <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Bruociam</i></span> (892); as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Brutgis uico</i></span> (late ninth century); as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">in portu Bruggensi</i></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1010</span>); as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Bruggis</i></span> (1012); as <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Bricge</i></span> in the <a href="/wiki/Anglo-Saxon_Chronicle" title="Anglo-Saxon Chronicle">Anglo-Saxon Chronicle</a> (1037); as <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la">Brugensis</i></span> (1046); as <span title="Old English (ca. 450-1100)-language text"><i lang="ang">Brycge</i></span> in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle (1049–1052); as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">Brugias</i></span> (1072); as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">Bruges</i></span> (1080–1085); as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">Bruggas</i></span> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1084</span>); as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">Brugis</i></span> (1089); and as <span title="undetermined-language text"><i lang="und">Brugge</i></span> (1116).<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name probably derives from the <a href="/wiki/Old_Dutch" title="Old Dutch">Old Dutch</a> for 'bridge': <i lang="odt"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/brugga#Old_Dutch" class="extiw" title="wikt:brugga">brugga</a></i>. Also compare <a href="/wiki/Middle_Dutch" title="Middle Dutch">Middle Dutch</a> <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">brucge</i></span>, <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">brugge</i></span> (or <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">brugghe</i></span>, <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">brigghe</i></span>, <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">bregghe</i></span>, <span title="Middle Dutch (ca. 1050-1350)-language text"><i lang="dum">brogghe</i></span>), and modern Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">bruggenhoofd</i></span> ('bridgehead') and <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">brug</i></span> ('bridge').<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The form <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">brugghe</i></span> would be a southern Dutch variant.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Dutch word and the English <i>bridge</i> both derive from <a href="/wiki/Proto-Germanic" class="mw-redirect" title="Proto-Germanic">Proto-Germanic</a> <span title="Proto-Germanic-language text">*<i lang="gem">brugjō-</i></span>.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For a chronological guide, see <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bruges" title="Timeline of Bruges">Timeline of Bruges</a>.</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Origins">Origins</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Origins"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges was a location of coastal settlement during prehistory. This Bronze Age and Iron Age settlement are unrelated to medieval city development. In the Bruges area, the first fortifications were built after <a href="/wiki/Julius_Caesar" title="Julius Caesar">Julius Caesar</a>'s conquest of the <a href="/wiki/Menapii" title="Menapii">Menapii</a> in the first century BC, to protect the coastal area against pirates. The <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Franks</a> took over the whole region from the <a href="/wiki/Gallo-Roman_culture" title="Gallo-Roman culture">Gallo-Romans</a> around the fourth century and administered it as the <i><a href="/wiki/Pagus" title="Pagus">Pagus</a> Flandrensis</i>. The <a href="/wiki/Viking" class="mw-redirect" title="Viking">Viking</a> incursions of the ninth century prompted Count <a href="/wiki/Baldwin_I,_Count_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldwin I, Count of Flanders">Baldwin I</a> of <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">Flanders</a> to reinforce the Roman fortifications; trade soon resumed with England and <a href="/wiki/Scandinavia" title="Scandinavia">Scandinavia</a>. Early medieval habitation starts in the ninth and tenth centuries on the Burgh terrain, probably with a fortified settlement and church.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Golden_age_(12th_to_15th_centuries)"><span id="Golden_age_.2812th_to_15th_centuries.29"></span>Golden age (12th to 15th centuries)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Golden age (12th to 15th centuries)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium-36_(26598965719).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg/220px-Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="138" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg/330px-Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg/440px-Belgium-36_%2826598965719%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4462" data-file-height="2789" /></a><figcaption>The <i><a href="/wiki/Markt_(Bruges)" class="mw-redirect" title="Markt (Bruges)">Markt</a></i> (market square)</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1089, Bruges became the capital of the <a href="/wiki/County_of_Flanders" title="County of Flanders">County of Flanders</a>. Bruges received its <a href="/wiki/City_charter" class="mw-redirect" title="City charter">city charter</a> on 27 July 1128, and new walls and canals were built. By the 12th century, the city had gained an autonomous administration.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Het Zwin (Golden Inlet), the tidal inlet of Bruges, was crucial to the development of local commerce.<sup id="cite_ref-jstor.org_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-jcronline.org_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcronline.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since about 1050, gradual silting had caused the city to lose its direct access to the sea. A storm in 1134, however, re-established this access, through the creation of a natural channel at the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a>. The new sea arm stretched to <a href="/wiki/Damme" title="Damme">Damme</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-jstor.org_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> a city that became the commercial outpost for Bruges. </p><p>Bruges had a strategic location at the crossroads of the northern <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> trade, who had a <a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">kontor</a> in the city, and the southern trade routes. Bruges was already included in the circuit of the Flemish and French cloth fairs at the beginning of the 13th century, but when the old system of fairs broke down, the entrepreneurs of Bruges innovated. They developed, or borrowed from Italy, new forms of merchant capitalism, whereby several merchants would share the risks and profits and pool their knowledge of markets. They employed new forms of economic exchange, including bills of exchange (i.e. promissory notes) and letters of credit.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city eagerly welcomed foreign traders, most notably the Portuguese traders selling pepper and other spices.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Chroniques_de_Froissart_(15e_eeuw)_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png/220px-Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png/330px-Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3a/Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png/440px-Chroniques_de_Froissart_%2815e_eeuw%29_-_Slag_op_het_Beverhoutsveld.png 2x" data-file-width="2896" data-file-height="1933" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Beverhoutsveld" title="Battle of Beverhoutsveld">Battle of Beverhoutsveld</a> (1382) in <a href="/wiki/Froissart%27s_Chronicles" title="Froissart's Chronicles">Froissart's Chronicles</a>, with Bruges as setting</figcaption></figure> <p>With the reawakening of town life in the 12th century, a wool market, a woollens weaving industry, and the cloth market all profited from the shelter of city walls, where surpluses could be safely accumulated under the patronage of the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">counts of Flanders</a>. The city's entrepreneurs reached out to make economic colonies of England and Scotland's<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> wool-producing districts. English contacts brought Normandy grain and Gascon wines. <a href="/wiki/Hanse" class="mw-redirect" title="Hanse">Hanseatic</a> ships filled the harbor, which had to be expanded beyond <a href="/wiki/Damme" title="Damme">Damme</a> to <a href="/wiki/Sluys" class="mw-redirect" title="Sluys">Sluys</a> to accommodate the new <a href="/wiki/Cog_(ship)" title="Cog (ship)">cog-ships</a>. </p><p>In 1277, the first merchant fleet from the <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_Genoa" title="Republic of Genoa">Republic of Genoa</a> appeared in the port of Bruges, the first of the merchant colony that made Bruges the main link to the trade of the Mediterranean.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This development opened not only the trade in spices from the <a href="/wiki/Levant" title="Levant">Levant</a> but also advanced commercial and financial techniques and a flood of capital that soon took over the banking of Bruges. The building where the Genoese Republic housed its commercial representation in the city still survives, now housing the <a href="/wiki/Frietmuseum" title="Frietmuseum">Frietmuseum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg/170px-Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg/255px-Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/87/Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg/340px-Simon_Bening_-_Oktober.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1150" data-file-height="1600" /></a><figcaption>Merchants in Bruges, first half of the 16th century</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bourse" class="extiw" title="wikt:bourse">Bourse</a> opened in 1309 (most likely the first <a href="/wiki/Stock_exchange" title="Stock exchange">stock exchange</a> in the world) and developed into the most sophisticated money market of the Low Countries in the 14th century. By the time Venetian galleys first appeared, in 1314, they were latecomers.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numerous foreign merchants were welcomed in Bruges, such as the Castilian wool merchants who first arrived in the 13th century. After the Castilian wool monopoly ended, <a href="/wiki/History_of_the_Basques#Basque_sailors" title="History of the Basques">the Basques</a>, many hailing from <a href="/wiki/Bilbao" title="Bilbao">Bilbao</a> (Biscay), thrived as merchants (wool, iron commodities, etc.) and established their own commercial consulate in Bruges by the mid-15th century.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The foreign merchants expanded the city's trading zones. They maintained separate communities governed by their own laws until the economic collapse after 1700.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Such wealth gave rise to social upheavals, which were for the most part harshly contained by the militia. In 1302, however, after the <a href="/wiki/Bruges_Matins_(history)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruges Matins (history)">Bruges Matins</a> (the night-time massacre of the French garrison in Bruges by the members of the local <a href="/wiki/Flanders_(county)" class="mw-redirect" title="Flanders (county)">Flemish</a> <a href="/wiki/Militia" title="Militia">militia</a> on 18 May 1302), the population joined forces with the <a href="/wiki/Count_of_Flanders" title="Count of Flanders">Count of Flanders</a> against the <a href="/wiki/French_people" title="French people">French</a>, culminating in the victory at the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a>, fought near <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> on 11 July. The statue of <a href="/wiki/Jan_Breydel" title="Jan Breydel">Jan Breydel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Coninck" title="Pieter de Coninck">Pieter de Coninck</a>, the leaders of the uprising, can still be seen on the Big Market square. The city maintained a militia as a permanent paramilitary body. It gained flexibility and high prestige through close ties to a guild of the organized militia, comprising professionals and specialized units. Militia men bought and maintained their own weapons and armour, according to their family status and wealth. Later, Bruges would be consumed in the <a href="/wiki/1323%E2%80%931328_Flemish_revolt" title="1323–1328 Flemish revolt">Flemish revolts</a> that occurred around the County of Flanders between 1323 and 1328. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg/220px-Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg/330px-Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg/440px-Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove_-_The_Burg_in_Bruges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1855" data-file-height="1408" /></a><figcaption><i>The Burg in Bruges</i>, painted <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1691–1700</span> by <a href="/wiki/Jan_Baptist_van_Meunincxhove" title="Jan Baptist van Meunincxhove">Meunincxhove</a></figcaption></figure> <p>At the end of the 14th century, Bruges became one of the <a href="/wiki/Four_Members" title="Four Members">Four Members</a>, along with <a href="/wiki/Brugse_Vrije" title="Brugse Vrije">Brugse Vrije</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ypres</a>. Together they formed a parliament; however, they frequently quarrelled amongst themselves.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the 15th century, <a href="/wiki/Philip_III,_duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip III, duke of Burgundy">Philip the Good</a>, Duke of <a href="/wiki/Burgundy" title="Burgundy">Burgundy</a>, set up a court in Bruges, as well as <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a>, attracting several artists, bankers, and other prominent personalities from all over Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The weavers and spinners of Bruges were thought to be the best in the world, and the population of Bruges grew to at least 46,000 inhabitants at this time around 1350 AD.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The new oil-painting techniques of the <a href="/wiki/Flemish_school" class="mw-redirect" title="Flemish school">Flemish school</a> gained world renown. The first book in English ever printed was published in Bruges by <a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a>. <a href="/wiki/Edward_IV_of_England" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward IV of England">Edward IV</a> and <a href="/wiki/Richard_III_of_England" title="Richard III of England">Richard III of England</a> were then living in exile in Bruges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_after_1500">Decline after 1500</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Decline after 1500"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruges,_Belgium_;_Ferraris_Map.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/220px-Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/330px-Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg/440px-Bruges%2C_Belgium_%3B_Ferraris_Map.jpg 2x" data-file-width="760" data-file-height="648" /></a><figcaption>Bruges on the <a href="/wiki/Ferraris_map" title="Ferraris map">Ferraris map</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1775</span></figcaption></figure> <p>Starting around 1500, the Zwin channel, (the Golden Inlet) which had given the city its prosperity, began silting up and the Golden Era ended.<sup id="cite_ref-jcronline.org_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-jcronline.org-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city soon fell behind <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> as the economic flagship of the <a href="/wiki/Low_Countries" title="Low Countries">Low Countries</a>. During the 17th century, the <a href="/wiki/Lace" title="Lace">lace</a> industry took off, and various efforts to bring back the glorious past were made. During the 1650s, the city was the base for <a href="/wiki/Charles_II_of_England" title="Charles II of England">Charles II of England</a> and his court in exile.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The maritime infrastructure was modernized, and new connections with the sea were built, but without much success, as Antwerp became increasingly dominant. Bruges became impoverished and gradually faded in importance.<sup id="cite_ref-world_&_people_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_&_people-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The symbolist novelist <a href="/wiki/George_Rodenbach" class="mw-redirect" title="George Rodenbach">George Rodenbach</a> made the city into a character in his novel <i><a href="/wiki/Bruges-la-Morte" title="Bruges-la-Morte">Bruges-la-Morte</a></i>, meaning "Bruges-the-dead", which was adapted into <a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a>'s opera, <i><a href="/wiki/Die_tote_Stadt" title="Die tote Stadt">Die tote Stadt</a></i> (The Dead City).<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="19th_century_and_later_revival">19th century and later revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: 19th century and later revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_(Excelsior_Series_11,_No._51,_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand;_ca._1905).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg/220px-Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg/330px-Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg/440px-Postcard_-_Bruges_Cranenburg_%28Excelsior_Series_11%2C_No._51%2C_Albert_Sugg_a_Gand%3B_ca._1905%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3356" data-file-height="2199" /></a><figcaption>Postcard showing the <a href="/wiki/Cranenburg_House" title="Cranenburg House">Cranenburg House</a><sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>In the second half of the 19th century, Bruges became one of the world's first tourist destinations, attracting wealthy British and French tourists. By 1909, the 'Bruges Forward: Society to Improve Tourist' association had come into operation.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/World_War_I" title="World War I">World War I</a>, German forces occupied Bruges. However, the city suffered virtually no damage, and <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Courtrai_(1918)" title="Battle of Courtrai (1918)">was liberated on</a> 19 October 1918 by the Allies. The city was occupied by the Germans from 1940 during <a href="/wiki/World_War_II" title="World War II">World War II</a> and was again spared destruction. On 12 September 1944, it was liberated by the <a href="/wiki/12th_Manitoba_Dragoons" title="12th Manitoba Dragoons">12th Manitoba Dragoons</a>' Canadian troops. The liberation of the city was facilitated by the bridge, now known as the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Canada_Bridge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canada Bridge (page does not exist)">Canada Bridge</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadabrug" class="extiw" title="nl:Canadabrug">nl</a>]</span>, connecting the outer municipalities with the city centre. </p><p>After 1965, the original medieval city experienced a "renaissance". Restorations of residential and commercial structures, historic monuments, and churches generated a surge in tourism and economic activity in the downtown area. International tourism has boomed, and new efforts resulted in Bruges being designated <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2002. It attracts some eight million tourists annually.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Bruges-Zeebrugge" class="mw-redirect" title="Port of Bruges-Zeebrugge">port of Zeebrugge</a> was built in 1907. The Germans used it for their <a href="/wiki/U-boat" title="U-boat">U-boats</a> in World War I. It was greatly expanded in the 1970s and early 1980s and has become one of Europe's most important and modern ports. </p> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MnpBruggeMap.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MnpBruggeMap.svg/220px-MnpBruggeMap.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MnpBruggeMap.svg/330px-MnpBruggeMap.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/91/MnpBruggeMap.svg/440px-MnpBruggeMap.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="452" data-file-height="459" /></a><figcaption>Municipality of Bruges</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_in_Belgium" class="mw-redirect" title="Municipalities in Belgium">municipality</a> comprises following <a href="/wiki/Deelgemeente" title="Deelgemeente">sub-municipalities</a>: </p> <ul><li>The historic city centre of Bruges, <a href="/wiki/Sint-Jozef" title="Sint-Jozef">Sint-Jozef</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sint-Pieters" title="Sint-Pieters">Sint-Pieters</a> (I)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolkerke" title="Koolkerke">Koolkerke</a> (II)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Andries" title="Sint-Andries">Sint-Andries</a> (III)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Michiels" title="Sint-Michiels">Sint-Michiels</a> (IV)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assebroek" title="Assebroek">Assebroek</a> (V)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Kruis" title="Sint-Kruis">Sint-Kruis</a> (VI)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudzele" title="Dudzele">Dudzele</a> (VII)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissewege" title="Lissewege">Lissewege</a> (with <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Zwankendamme" title="Zwankendamme">Zwankendamme</a>) (VIII)</li></ul> <div style="clear:left;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges has an <a href="/wiki/Oceanic_climate" title="Oceanic climate">oceanic climate</a> (<a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6ppen_climate_classification" title="Köppen climate classification">Köppen</a> <i>Cfb</i>). </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Bruges (1981–2010 normals, sunshine 1984–2013) </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.2<br />(43.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.0<br />(44.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFD3A8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8<br />(51.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFBA75; color:#000000;" class="notheme">14.5<br />(58.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.4<br />(63.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF942A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.9<br />(67.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.4<br />(72.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF8206; color:#000000;" class="notheme">22.5<br />(72.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19.7<br />(67.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFB46A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.3<br />(59.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.1<br />(50.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFF0E2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.6<br />(43.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFB872; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">14.7<br />(58.5) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #FAFAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.6<br />(38.5) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(38.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFEFDF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">6.8<br />(44.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.3<br />(48.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB266; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.6<br />(60.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFA246; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17.9<br />(64.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFB66E; color:#000000;" class="notheme">15.0<br />(59.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFEDDB; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.1<br />(44.8) </td> <td style="background: #FCFCFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.1<br />(39.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4AA; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.6<br />(51.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °C (°F) </th> <td style="background: #EBEBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(33.6) </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.6<br />(33.1) </td> <td style="background: #F5F5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.8<br />(37.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.5<br />(40.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFE4C9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4<br />(47.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.3<br />(52.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">13.3<br />(55.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.9<br />(55.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFD6AD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.4<br />(50.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7.4<br />(45.3) </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(39.6) </td> <td style="background: #EFEFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7<br />(35.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFF1E3; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">6.5<br />(43.7) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> mm (inches) </th> <td style="background: #9BFF9B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.5<br />(2.62) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.8<br />(2.20) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.0<br />(2.28) </td> <td style="background: #BAFFBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.2<br />(1.74) </td> <td style="background: #A3FFA3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">61.5<br />(2.42) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000;" class="notheme">68.5<br />(2.70) </td> <td style="background: #94FF94; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.3<br />(2.81) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.0<br />(3.11) </td> <td style="background: #85FF85; color:#000000;" class="notheme">79.2<br />(3.12) </td> <td style="background: #80FF80; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84.8<br />(3.34) </td> <td style="background: #7AFF7A; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.1<br />(3.39) </td> <td style="background: #86FF86; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81.1<br />(3.19) </td> <td style="background: #95FF95; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">836.2<br />(32.92) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days </th> <td style="background: #6363FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">12.6 </td> <td style="background: #6F6FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.6 </td> <td style="background: #6D6DFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.8 </td> <td style="background: #8383FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.7 </td> <td style="background: #7A7AFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.7 </td> <td style="background: #7F7FFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.0 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #8484FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">9.9 </td> <td style="background: #7575FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10.8 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #5050FF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.7 </td> <td style="background: #5A5AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">13.3 </td> <td style="background: #7171FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">135.1 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean monthly <a href="/wiki/Sunshine_duration" title="Sunshine duration">sunshine hours</a> </th> <td style="background: #737373; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">63 </td> <td style="background: #A6A6A6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">83 </td> <td style="background: #BABA44; color:#000000;" class="notheme">130 </td> <td style="background: #D6D600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">187 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">217 </td> <td style="background: #DBDB00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">211 </td> <td style="background: #DCDC00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">221 </td> <td style="background: #D9D900; color:#000000;" class="notheme">208 </td> <td style="background: #C7C700; color:#000000;" class="notheme">152 </td> <td style="background: #B5B565; color:#000000;" class="notheme">118 </td> <td style="background: #7A7A7A; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">65 </td> <td style="background: #5D5D5D; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">51 </td> <td style="background: #C1C11C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">1,705 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source: <a href="/wiki/Royal_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Meteorological Institute">Royal Meteorological Institute</a><sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Landmarks,_arts,_and_culture"><span id="Landmarks.2C_arts.2C_and_culture"></span>Landmarks, arts, and culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Landmarks, arts, and culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="The Belfry of Bruges" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg/180px-Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg/270px-Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg/360px-Brugge_Belfort_HDR.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="2400" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Belfry_of_Bruges" title="Belfry of Bruges">Belfry of Bruges</a>, a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a></figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Medieval" class="mw-redirect" title="Medieval">medieval</a> architecture in Bruges is mostly intact, making it one of the best-preserved medieval towns in Europe.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "Historic Centre of Bruges" has been a <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a> since 2000.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Its medieval buildings include the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Bruges" title="Church of Our Lady, Bruges">Church of Our Lady</a>, whose brick <a href="/wiki/Spire" title="Spire">spire</a> reaches 115.6 m (379.27 ft), making it the world's second-highest brick tower/building. The sculpture <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Bruges" title="Madonna of Bruges">Madonna and Child</a></i>, which can be seen in the transept, is believed to be the only of <a href="/wiki/Michelangelo" title="Michelangelo">Michelangelo</a>'s sculptures to have left Italy within his lifetime. </p><p>Bruges' best-known landmark is the <a href="/wiki/Belfry_of_Bruges" title="Belfry of Bruges">Belfry of Bruges</a>, a 13th-century <a href="/wiki/Belfry_(architecture)" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfry (architecture)">belfry</a> housing a municipal <a href="/wiki/Carillon" title="Carillon">carillon</a> comprising 47 bells.<sup id="cite_ref-world_&_people2_37-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-world_&_people2-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Belfry of Bruges, independent of the previously mentioned UNESCO World Heritage Site in Bruges, is included on the World Heritage Site of <a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The city still employs a full-time <a href="/wiki/Carillonneur" class="mw-redirect" title="Carillonneur">carillonneur</a>, who gives free concerts regularly. </p><p>In addition to the "Historic Centre of Bruges" and the tower included in the "Belfries of Belgium and France", Bruges is also home to a third UNESCO World Heritage Site; the <a href="/wiki/Ten_Wijngaerde_(Begijnhof_Brugge)" title="Ten Wijngaerde (Begijnhof Brugge)">Ten Wijngaerde Béguinage</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Beguinage" title="Beguinage">beguinage</a> built in the 13th century, is included in the World Heritage Site of "Flemish Béguinages". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Craft">Craft</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Craft"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges is known for its <a href="/wiki/Bobbin_lace" title="Bobbin lace">lace</a>, a textile technique. Moreover, the city and its lace would go on to inspire the <i><a href="/wiki/Thread_Routes" title="Thread Routes">Thread Routes</a></i> film series, the second episode of which, shot in 2011, was partly set in Bruges.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Several beers are named after the city, such as <i>Brugge Blond</i>, <i>Brugge Tripel</i>, <i>Brugs</i>, <i>Brugse Babbelaar</i>, <i>Brugse Straffe Hendrik</i>, and <i>Brugse Zot</i>. However, only the latter two—<i>Brugse Zot</i> and <i>Brugse Straffe Hendrik</i> —are brewed in the city itself, in the <a href="/wiki/De_Halve_Maan" title="De Halve Maan">De Halve Maan Brewery</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Entertainment">Entertainment</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Entertainment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 22em;"> <ul><li>Aquariustheater</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boudewijn_Seapark" title="Boudewijn Seapark">Boudewijn Seapark</a> (an amusement park in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Michiels" title="Sint-Michiels">Sint-Michiels</a>)</li> <li>Biekorf</li> <li>Cinema Liberty</li> <li>Cinema Lumière (alternative movies)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concertgebouw,_Bruges" title="Concertgebouw, Bruges">Concertgebouw</a></li> <li>De Dijk</li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Werf" title="De Werf">De Werf</a></li> <li>Het Entrepot</li> <li>Joseph Ryelandtzaal</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinepolis" title="Kinepolis">Kinepolis</a> Bruges</li> <li>Magdalenazaal</li> <li>Sirkeltheater</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stadsschouwburg_Brugge&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stadsschouwburg Brugge (page does not exist)">Stadsschouwburg Brugge</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadsschouwburg_Brugge" class="extiw" title="nl:Stadsschouwburg Brugge">nl</a>]</span></li> <li>Studio Hall</li></ul> </div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Concertgebouw_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Concertgebouw (Brugge) [nl] ("Concert Building")"><img alt="Concertgebouw (Brugge) [nl] ("Concert Building")" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Concertgebouw_R01.jpg/120px-Concertgebouw_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Concertgebouw_R01.jpg/180px-Concertgebouw_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Concertgebouw_R01.jpg/240px-Concertgebouw_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="2848" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Concertgebouw_(Brugge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Concertgebouw (Brugge) (page does not exist)">Concertgebouw (Brugge)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concertgebouw_(Brugge)" class="extiw" title="nl:Concertgebouw (Brugge)">nl</a>]</span></i> ("Concert Building")</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Exterior of the Boudewijn Seapark dolphinarium"><img alt="Exterior of the Boudewijn Seapark dolphinarium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG/120px-Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="55" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG/180px-Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG/240px-Dolphinarium_Boudewjinpark.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2077" data-file-height="945" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Exterior of the <a href="/wiki/Boudewijn_Seapark" title="Boudewijn Seapark">Boudewijn Seapark</a> dolphinarium</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Festivals">Festivals</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Festivals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="vatop"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width:400px; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Music_festival" title="Music festival">Music festivals</a>: <ul><li><i>Airbag</i> (accordion festival)</li> <li><i>Blues in Bruges</i></li> <li><i>Brugge Tripel Dagen</i></li> <li><i>Brugges Festival</i> (world music)</li> <li><i>Cactusfestival</i></li> <li><i>Elements Festival</i> (electronic)</li> <li><i>Fuse on the Beach</i> (dance festival in <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a>)</li> <li><i>Hafabrugge</i> (orchestra festival)</li> <li><i>Internationale Fedekam Taptoe</i></li> <li><i>Jazz Brugge</i></li> <li><i>Koorfestival</i> ("choir festival")</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Festival_van_Vlaanderen" class="mw-redirect" title="Festival van Vlaanderen">Festival van Vlaanderen</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/MAfestival_Brugge" title="MAfestival Brugge">MAfestival</a></i></li> <li><i>Music in Mind</i> (atmospheric [rock] music)</li> <li><i>September Jazz</i></li> <li><i>Sint-Gillis Blues – en <a href="/wiki/Folk_Dranouter" title="Folk Dranouter">Folkfestival</a></i></li> <li><i>BurgRock</i></li> <li><i>Comma Rocks</i> Festival</li> <li><i>Red Rock Rally</i></li> <li><i>Thoprock</i></li></ul> </td> <td style="width:400px; vertical-align:top;"><a href="/wiki/Cultural_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Cultural festival">Cultural</a> and <a href="/wiki/Food_festival" title="Food festival">food festivals</a>: <ul><li><i>Aristidefeesten</i></li> <li><i>BAB-bierfestival</i> ("<a href="/wiki/Beer_festival" title="Beer festival">beer festival</a>")</li> <li><i>Brugse Kantdagen</i> ("Bruges' Lace Days")</li> <li><i>Chapter 2</i> (<a href="/wiki/Juggling_convention" title="Juggling convention">juggling convention</a>)</li> <li><i>Choco-Laté</i> (chocolate festival)</li> <li><i>Cinema Novo</i> (<a href="/wiki/Film_festival" title="Film festival">film festival</a>)</li> <li><i>Cirque Plus</i> (circus festival)</li> <li><i>European Youth Film Festival of Flanders</i></li> <li><i>Ice Magic</i> (ice sculpture festival)</li> <li><i>Jonge Snaken Festival</i></li> <li><i>Midwinterfeest</i></li> <li><i>NAFT</i> (<a href="/wiki/Theatre_festival" class="mw-redirect" title="Theatre festival">theatre festival</a>)</li> <li><i>Poirot in Bruges – Knack thrillerfestival</i></li> <li><i>Razor Reel Fantastic Film Festival</i></li> <li><i>Reiefeest</i> (festival on the canals)</li></ul> </td> <td style="width:400px; vertical-align:top;">Musical culture festivals: <ul><li><i>Come On!</i></li> <li><i>Coupurefeesten</i></li> <li><i>December Dance</i></li> <li><i>Feest In 't Park</i></li> <li><i>FEST!</i></li> <li><i>Klinkers</i></li> <li><i>Polé Polé Beach</i> (in <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a>)</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sint-Michiels" title="Sint-Michiels">Sint-Michielse</a> Feeste</i></li> <li><i>Summer End Festival</i></li> <li><i>Vama Veche</i> festival</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Museums_and_historic_sites_(non-religious)"><span id="Museums_and_historic_sites_.28non-religious.29"></span>Museums and historic sites (non-religious)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Museums and historic sites (non-religious)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges is home to many museums. Its art museums include the Arents House, as well as the <a href="/wiki/Groeningemuseum" title="Groeningemuseum">Groeningemuseum</a>, which has an extensive collection of medieval and early modern art. Members of the 15th century <a href="/wiki/Early_Netherlandish_painting" title="Early Netherlandish painting">Early Netherlandish</a> school of painters are represented, including works by <a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>. Van Eyck, as well as <a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, lived and worked in Bruges. </p><p>The preserved old city gateways: the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kruispoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kruispoort (page does not exist)">Kruispoort</a></i>, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gentpoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gentpoort (page does not exist)">Gentpoort</a></i>, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Smedenpoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Smedenpoort (page does not exist)">Smedenpoort</a></i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ezelpoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ezelpoort (page does not exist)">Ezelpoort</a></i>. The <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dampoort_(Bruges)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dampoort (Bruges) (page does not exist)">Dampoort</a></i>, the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katelijnepoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katelijnepoort (page does not exist)">Katelijnepoort</a></i> and the <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boeveriepoort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Boeveriepoort (page does not exist)">Boeveriepoort</a></i> are gone. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Old_St._John%27s_Hospital" title="Old St. John's Hospital">Old St. John's Hospital</a> (Hans Memling museum) and Our Lady of the Potteries are <a href="/wiki/Hospital_museum" title="Hospital museum">Hospital museums</a>. The city is known for <i>Bruggemuseum</i> ("Bruges Museum"), the general name for a group of 11 different historical museums in the city, including: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gruuthusemuseum" title="Gruuthusemuseum">Gruuthusemuseum</a>, a museum for the house of <a href="/wiki/Louis_de_Gruuthuse" title="Louis de Gruuthuse">Louis de Gruuthuse</a>.</li> <li>Archaeological Museum</li> <li>Gentpoort</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfry_of_Bruges" title="Belfry of Bruges">Belfry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bruges_City_Hall" title="Bruges City Hall">City Hall</a> on the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Burg_(Bruges)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Burg (Bruges) (page does not exist)">Burg (Bruges)</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burg_(Brugge)" class="extiw" title="nl:Burg (Brugge)">nl</a>]</span> <i>square</i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Provinciaal_Hof" title="Provinciaal Hof">Provinciaal Hof</a></i> (Provincial Court)</li> <li>Manor of the <a href="/wiki/Brugse_Vrije" title="Brugse Vrije">Brugse Vrije</a></li> <li>Museum of Folklore</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Gezelle" title="Guido Gezelle">Guido Gezelle</a> Museum</li> <li>Koelewei (Cool Meadow) Mill</li> <li>Sint-Janshuis (St. John's House) Mill</li></ul> <p>Bruges' non-municipal museums include the Brewery Museum, <i>Hof Bladelin</i>, <a href="/wiki/Choco-Story_(Bruges)" class="mw-redirect" title="Choco-Story (Bruges)">Choco-Story</a> (chocolate museum), <i>Lumina Domestica</i> (lamp museum), Museum-Gallery Xpo: <a href="/wiki/Salvador_Dal%C3%AD" title="Salvador Dalí">Salvador Dalí</a>, Diamond Museum,<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Frietmuseum" title="Frietmuseum">Frietmuseum</a> (a museum dedicated to <a href="/wiki/Belgian_fries" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian fries">Belgian fries</a>), Historium (museum of the medieval history of Bruges), Lace centre, St. George's Archers Guild, St. Sebastian's Archers’ Guild, St. Trudo Abbey, and the Public Observatory Beisbroek. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The City Hall"><img alt="The City Hall" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg/103px-Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="103" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg/154px-Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg/205px-Bruges_Town_Hall_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3314" data-file-height="3872" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <a href="/wiki/Bruges_City_Hall" title="Bruges City Hall">City Hall</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_(13746435813).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Provinciaal Hof"><img alt="The Provinciaal Hof" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg/120px-Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="98" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg/180px-Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg/240px-Belgium-5940_-_Provincial_Court_%2813746435813%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6020" data-file-height="4920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i><a href="/wiki/Provinciaal_Hof" title="Provinciaal Hof">Provinciaal Hof</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Kruispoort"><img alt="The Kruispoort" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg/120px-Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="75" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg/180px-Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg/240px-Brugge_-_Kruispoort_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4287" data-file-height="2676" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i>Kruispoort</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Béguinage"><img alt="The Béguinage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg/120px-Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="87" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg/180px-Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg/240px-Brugge_Begijnhofkerk_R01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4592" data-file-height="3316" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Ten_Wijngaerde_(Bruges_B%C3%A9guinage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Wijngaerde (Bruges Béguinage)">The Béguinage</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Gruuthusemuseum"><img alt="Gruuthusemuseum" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/120px-Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/180px-Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/240px-Gruuthusemuseum_-_391534_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6684" data-file-height="5835" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Gruuthusemuseum" title="Gruuthusemuseum">Gruuthusemuseum</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge-Canal.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Groenerei (canal)"><img alt="The Groenerei (canal)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brugge-Canal.jpg/120px-Brugge-Canal.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brugge-Canal.jpg/180px-Brugge-Canal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Brugge-Canal.jpg/240px-Brugge-Canal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The <i>Groenerei</i> (canal)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="View from the Rozenhoedkaai"><img alt="View from the Rozenhoedkaai" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG/120px-Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG/180px-Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG/240px-Brugge-CanalRozenhoedkaai.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2560" data-file-height="1920" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">View from the <i>Rozenhoedkaai</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The Fish Market"><img alt="The Fish Market" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg/120px-Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg/180px-Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg/240px-Brugge_Vismarkt_R04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4686" data-file-height="3159" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The Fish Market</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge,_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Part of the Markt (market square)"><img alt="Part of the Markt (market square)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG/120px-Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG/180px-Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG/240px-Brugge%2C_straatzicht_op_de_Markt4_2007-08-05_10.00.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Part of the <i><a href="/wiki/Markt_(Bruges)" class="mw-redirect" title="Markt (Bruges)">Markt</a></i> (market square)</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion_and_religious_landmarks">Religion and religious landmarks</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Religion and religious landmarks"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Patron_saint" title="Patron saint">patron saint</a> of both the city of Bruges and the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Diocese_of_Bruges" title="Roman Catholic Diocese of Bruges">Roman Catholic Diocese of Bruges</a> is <a href="/wiki/Donatian_of_Reims" title="Donatian of Reims">Donatian of Reims</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/St._Salvator%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Salvator's Cathedral">St. Salvator's Cathedral</a> is therefore also known as <i>Cathedral of the Saviour and St. Donat</i>. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Basilica_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Basilica of the Holy Blood">Basilica of the Holy Blood</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Heilig-Bloedbasiliek</i>) houses the relic of the <a href="/wiki/Blood_of_Christ" title="Blood of Christ">Holy Blood</a>, which was brought to the city after the <a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">Second Crusade</a> by <a href="/wiki/Thierry_of_Alsace" class="mw-redirect" title="Thierry of Alsace">Thierry of Alsace</a>, and is paraded every year through the streets of the city. More than 1,600 inhabitants take part in this mile-long religious <a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">procession</a>, many dressed as medieval knights or crusaders. </p><p>Other religious landmarks and museums include the <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Bruges" title="Church of Our Lady, Bruges">Church of Our Lady</a>, English Convent, Jerusalem Church, <a href="/wiki/St._Trudo%27s_Abbey,_Bruges" title="St. Trudo's Abbey, Bruges">St. Trudo's Abbey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ten_Wijngaerde_(Bruges_B%C3%A9guinage)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ten Wijngaerde (Bruges Béguinage)">Ten Wijngaerde Béguinage</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Begijnhof</i>), and <a href="/wiki/Ter_Doest_Abbey" title="Ter Doest Abbey">Ter Doest Abbey</a> (<a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">Abdij Ter Doest</i>) in <a href="/wiki/Lissewege" title="Lissewege">Lissewege</a>. </p><p>The sub-municipality (or <a href="/wiki/Deelgemeente" title="Deelgemeente">deelgemeente</a>) and former <a href="/wiki/Parish" title="Parish">parish</a> of Bruges <a href="/wiki/Sint-Andries" title="Sint-Andries">Sint-Andries</a> has its own patron saint <a href="/wiki/Andrew_the_Apostle" title="Andrew the Apostle">Andrew the Apostle</a><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> to which the parish <a href="/w/index.php?title=Church_of_St._Andrew_%26_St._Anna&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Church of St. Andrew & St. Anna (page does not exist)">Church of St. Andrew & St. Anna</a> is dedicated. </p> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-packed"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 78px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 76px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="The annual procession of the Holy Blood of Jesus Christ, UNESCO heritage"><img alt="The annual procession of the Holy Blood of Jesus Christ, UNESCO heritage" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/114px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/171px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG/228px-SANGUIS_BRUGENSIS14_44.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1145" data-file-height="1803" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The annual <a href="/wiki/Procession_of_the_Holy_Blood" title="Procession of the Holy Blood">procession of the Holy Blood</a> of <a href="/wiki/Jesus_Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Jesus Christ">Jesus Christ</a>, <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">UNESCO heritage</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 126px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 124px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="St. Salvator's Cathedral"><img alt="St. Salvator's Cathedral" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/186px-Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/278px-Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e4/Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg/371px-Brugge_Sint-Salvatorskerkhof_zonder_nummer_-_174722_-_onroerenderfgoed.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1194" data-file-height="1158" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/St._Salvator%27s_Cathedral" title="St. Salvator's Cathedral">St. Salvator's Cathedral</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 81.333333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 79.333333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Church of Our Lady"><img alt="Church of Our Lady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg/119px-Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg/179px-Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/78/Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg/239px-Church_Of_Our_Lady_Bruges.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2847" data-file-height="4286" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady,_Bruges" title="Church of Our Lady, Bruges">Church of Our Lady</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215.33333333333px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 213.33333333333px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Brugse Belofte procession in 2010"><img alt="Brugse Belofte procession in 2010" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg/320px-Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg" decoding="async" width="214" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg/480px-Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg/640px-Brugse_belofte_1304_15-08-2010_10-11-40.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4800" data-file-height="2700" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Brugse_Belofte" title="Brugse Belofte">Brugse Belofte</a> procession in 2010</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Transport">Transport</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg/180px-Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="270" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg/270px-Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg/360px-Cmglee_Bruges_Boudewijnkanaal_aerial.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="3072" /></a><figcaption>Aerial view of the Boudewijnkanaal canal linking Zeebrugge (top) with Bruges (middle)</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Road">Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges has motorway connections in all directions: </p> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-A10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A10 road (Belgium)"><img alt="A10 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/40px-BE-A10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/60px-BE-A10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/80px-BE-A10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Ostend</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-A10.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A10 road (Belgium)"><img alt="A10 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/40px-BE-A10.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="29" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/60px-BE-A10.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/BE-A10.svg/80px-BE-A10.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="950" data-file-height="680" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabliczka_E40.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European route E40"><img alt="European route E40" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/40px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/60px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/80px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-A18.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A18 road (Belgium)"><img alt="A18 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BE-A18.svg/40px-BE-A18.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BE-A18.svg/60px-BE-A18.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/BE-A18.svg/80px-BE-A18.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabliczka_E40.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European route E40"><img alt="European route E40" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/40px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/60px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E40.svg/80px-Tabliczka_E40.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Veurne" title="Veurne">Veurne</a> and France</li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-A17.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="A17 road (Belgium)"><img alt="A17 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BE-A17.svg/40px-BE-A17.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BE-A17.svg/60px-BE-A17.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/99/BE-A17.svg/80px-BE-A17.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabliczka_E403.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European route E403"><img alt="European route E403" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/40px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/60px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/80px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tournai" title="Tournai">Tournai</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-N31.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N31 road (Belgium)"><img alt="N31 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BE-N31.svg/40px-BE-N31.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BE-N31.svg/60px-BE-N31.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/BE-N31.svg/80px-BE-N31.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabliczka_E403.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European route E403"><img alt="European route E403" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/40px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/60px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Tabliczka_E403.svg/80px-Tabliczka_E403.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BE-N49.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="N49 road (Belgium)"><img alt="N49 road (Belgium)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BE-N49.svg/40px-BE-N49.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BE-N49.svg/60px-BE-N49.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5b/BE-N49.svg/80px-BE-N49.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="102" data-file-height="68" /></a></span> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tabliczka_E34.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="European route E34"><img alt="European route E34" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tabliczka_E34.svg/40px-Tabliczka_E34.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tabliczka_E34.svg/60px-Tabliczka_E34.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2c/Tabliczka_E34.svg/80px-Tabliczka_E34.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="210" data-file-height="130" /></a></span> to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></li></ul> <p>Driving within the 'egg', the historical centre enclosed by the main circle of canals in Bruges is discouraged by traffic management schemes, including a network of one-way streets. The system encourages the use of set routes leading to central car parks and direct exit routes. The car parks are convenient for the central commercial and tourist areas; they are not expensive. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Railway">Railway</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Railway"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Brugge_main_railway_station" class="mw-redirect" title="Brugge main railway station">Bruges' main railway station</a> is the focus of lines to the Belgian coast. It also provides at least hourly trains to all other major cities in Belgium, as well as to <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a> in France.<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Further there are several regional and local trains. </p><p>A third track is being constructed between Bruges and Dudzele, the junction for Zeebrugge to alleviate congestion. Similarly, two extra tracks are being built between Bruges and Ghent.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Bus links to the centre are frequent, though the railway station is just a 10-minute walk from the main shopping streets and a 20-minute walk from Market Square. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Air">Air</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Air"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The national <a href="/wiki/Brussels_Airport" title="Brussels Airport">Brussels Airport</a>, one hour away by train or car, offers the best connections. The nearest airport is the <a href="/wiki/Ostend-Bruges_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Ostend-Bruges International Airport">Ostend-Bruges International Airport</a> in Ostend (around 25 kilometres (16 miles) from the city centre of Bruges), but it offers limited passenger transport and connections. Recently there also started a direct bus line from <a href="/wiki/Brussels_South_Charleroi_Airport" title="Brussels South Charleroi Airport">Brussels South Charleroi Airport</a> to Bruges. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Public_city_transport">Public city transport</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Public city transport"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg/220px-Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg/330px-Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg/440px-Busstationtzandbrugge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption><a href="/w/index.php?title=%27t_Zand_(Brugge)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="'t Zand (Brugge) (page does not exist)">'t Zand</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%27t_Zand_(Brugge)" class="extiw" title="nl:'t Zand (Brugge)">nl</a>]</span> bus station</figcaption></figure> <p>Bruges has an extensive web of bus lines, operated by <i><a href="/wiki/De_Lijn" title="De Lijn">De Lijn</a></i>, providing access to the city centre and the suburbs (city lines, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">stadslijnen</i>) and to many towns and villages in the region around the city (regional lines, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">streeklijnen</i>). </p><p>In support of the municipal <a href="/wiki/Category:Road_traffic_management" title="Category:Road traffic management">traffic management</a> (see "Road" above), <a href="/wiki/Free_public_transport" title="Free public transport">free public transport</a> is available for those who park their cars in the main railway station car park. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cycling">Cycling</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Cycling"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Although a few streets are restricted, no part of Bruges is car-free.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cars are required to yield to pedestrians and cyclists. Plans have long been underway to ban cars altogether from the historic center of Bruges or to restrict traffic much more than it currently is, but these plans have yet to come to fruition. In 2005, signs were changed for the convenience of cyclists, allowing two-way cycle traffic on more streets; however, car traffic has not decreased. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> Nevertheless, in common with many cities in the region, there are thousands of cyclists in the city of Bruges. <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (October 2014)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Port">Port</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Port"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elly_Maersk.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elly_Maersk.jpg/220px-Elly_Maersk.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elly_Maersk.jpg/330px-Elly_Maersk.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Elly_Maersk.jpg/440px-Elly_Maersk.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3342" data-file-height="1519" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Elly Mærsk</i>, at Zeebrugge, one of the world's largest container ships</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Seaport_of_Bruges" class="mw-redirect" title="Seaport of Bruges">Seaport of Bruges</a></div> <p>The port of Bruges is <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a> (Flemish for Bruges-on-Sea). </p><p>On 6 March 1987, the British ferry <a href="/wiki/MS_Herald_of_Free_Enterprise" title="MS Herald of Free Enterprise">MS <i>Herald of Free Enterprise</i></a> <a href="/wiki/Capsizing" title="Capsizing">capsized</a> after leaving the port, killing 187 people, in the worst disaster involving a British civilian vessel since 1919; it had set sail with its bow door open.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Herald of Free Enterprise was a passenger ship bound for the <a href="/wiki/Port_of_Dover" title="Port of Dover">Port of Dover</a> in <a href="/wiki/Kent" title="Kent">Kent</a>. Most of the occupants had taken advantage of a newspaper promotion offering a £1 return trip from Dover to <a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Demographics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Brugge is the sixth most populous city in the country after <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a>, <a href="/wiki/Charleroi" title="Charleroi">Charleroi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Li%C3%A8ge" title="Liège">Liège</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>. </p><p><br /> </p> <table class="wikitable sortable mw-collapsible"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="3">Group of origin </th> <th colspan="2">Year </th></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2">2023<sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </th></tr> <tr> <th>Number </th> <th>% </th></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Belgians with Belgian background </th> <td>97,936 </td> <th>81.93% </th></tr> <tr> <th>Belgians with foreign background </th> <td>12,006 </td> <th>10.04% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Neighbouring country </td> <td>2,433 </td> <td>2.04% </td></tr> <tr> <td>EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) </td> <td>1,350 </td> <td>1.13% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Outside EU 27 </td> <td>8,223 </td> <td>6.88% </td></tr> <tr> <th>Non-Belgians </th> <td>9,599 </td> <th>8.03% </th></tr> <tr> <td>Neighbouring country </td> <td>1,541 </td> <td>1.29% </td></tr> <tr> <td>EU27 (excluding neighbouring country) </td> <td>3,266 </td> <td>2.73% </td></tr> <tr> <td>Outside EU 27 </td> <td>4,792 </td> <td>4.01% </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Total </th> <td>119,541 </td> <th>100% </th></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sports">Sports</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Sports"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg/220px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg/330px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/08/Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg/440px-Panoramio_-_V%26A_Dudush_-_Jan_Breydel_Stadion.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1080" data-file-height="719" /></a><figcaption>Jan Breydel Stadium</figcaption></figure> <p>Between 1998 and 2016, Bruges hosted the start of the annual <i><a href="/wiki/Tour_of_Flanders" class="mw-redirect" title="Tour of Flanders">Tour of Flanders</a></i> cycle race, held in April and one of the biggest sporting events in Belgium. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Football_(soccer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Football (soccer)">Football</a> is also popular in Bruges; the city hosts two professional football teams, both of which play at the top level (<a href="/wiki/Belgian_First_Division" class="mw-redirect" title="Belgian First Division">Belgian First Division</a>) <a href="/wiki/Club_Brugge_K.V." class="mw-redirect" title="Club Brugge K.V.">Club Brugge K.V.</a> are the current national champions, while the second team, <a href="/wiki/Cercle_Brugge_K.S.V." title="Cercle Brugge K.S.V.">Cercle Brugge K.S.V.</a>, was recently promoted to the first tier. Both teams play their home games at the <a href="/wiki/Jan_Breydel_Stadium" title="Jan Breydel Stadium">Jan Breydel Stadium</a> (30,000 seats) in <a href="/wiki/Sint-Andries" title="Sint-Andries">Sint-Andries</a>. There are plans for a new stadium for Club Brugge with about 45,000 seats in the north of the city, while the city council would renovate and reduce the capacity of the Jan Breydel Stadium for Cercle Brugge.<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 2000, Bruges was one of the eight host cities for the <a href="/wiki/UEFA_Euro_2000" title="UEFA Euro 2000">UEFA European Football Championship</a>, co-hosted by Belgium and its neighbour the Netherlands. </p><p>In 2021, Bruges, along with <a href="/wiki/Leuven" title="Leuven">Leuven</a>, hosted the <a href="/wiki/2021_UCI_Road_World_Championships" title="2021 UCI Road World Championships">UCI Road World Championships</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg/220px-KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg/330px-KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg/440px-KHBO_St-Michiels_Brugge.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2576" data-file-height="1628" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Katholieke_Hogeschool_Vives_Noord" title="Katholieke Hogeschool Vives Noord">KHBO</a> campus in Sint-Michiels</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges is a centre for education in West Flanders. Next to the several common primary and secondary schools, there are a few colleges, like the VIVES (a fusion of the former KHBO (Katholieke Hogeschool Brugge Oostende) and the KATHO (katholieke hogeschool) or the <a href="/wiki/Hogeschool_West-Vlaanderen" title="Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen">HOWEST</a> (<i>Hogeschool West-Vlaanderen</i>). Furthermore, the city is home to the <a href="/wiki/College_of_Europe" title="College of Europe">College of Europe</a>, a prestigious institution of postgraduate studies in European <a href="/wiki/Economics" title="Economics">Economics</a>, Law, and <a href="/wiki/Politics" title="Politics">Politics</a>, and of the <a href="/wiki/UNU-CRIS" title="UNU-CRIS">United Nations University Institute on Comparative Regional Integration Studies (UNU-CRIS)</a>, a Research and Training Institute<sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_University" title="United Nations University">United Nations University</a> specialising in the comparative study of <a href="/wiki/Regional_integration" title="Regional integration">regional integration</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Town_twinning_policy">Town twinning policy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Town twinning policy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bruges has never formally ratified any <a href="/wiki/Twin_towns_and_sister_cities" class="mw-redirect" title="Twin towns and sister cities">twin towns and sister cities</a> collaboration. In the 1950s, Bruges refused a <i>jumelage</i> with <a href="/wiki/Nice" title="Nice">Nice</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nuremberg" title="Nuremberg">Nuremberg</a>, <a href="/wiki/Locarno" title="Locarno">Locarno</a> and <a href="/wiki/Venice" title="Venice">Venice</a> that had been signed by a Belgian ambassador without consultation. The twinning between some of the former municipalities, merged with Bruges in 1971, was discontinued. </p><p>Bruges has had the following international contacts: </p> <dl><dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Bastogne" title="Bastogne">Bastogne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_(Belgium)" title="Luxembourg (Belgium)">Luxembourg</a>, Belgium</dt> <dd>After World War II and into the 1970s, Bruges, more specifically the Fire Brigade of Bruges, entertained friendly relations with <a href="/wiki/Bastogne" title="Bastogne">Bastogne</a>. Each year a free holiday was offered at the seaside in Zeebrugge, to children from the Nuts city.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany"><img alt="Germany" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/23px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/35px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/b/ba/Flag_of_Germany.svg/46px-Flag_of_Germany.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Arolsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arolsen">Arolsen</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hesse" title="Hesse">Hesse</a>, Germany</dt> <dd>From the 1950s until the 1980s, Bruges was the patron of the Belgian <a href="/wiki/Guides_Regiment" title="Guides Regiment">First Regiment</a> of <a href="/wiki/Chasseurs_%C3%A0_Cheval" class="mw-redirect" title="Chasseurs à Cheval">Horse Guards</a>, quartered in <a href="/wiki/Arolsen" class="mw-redirect" title="Arolsen">Arolsen</a>.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla y León">Castilla y León</a>, Spain</dt> <dd>Both towns having been made <a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capital of Culture</a> in 2002, Bruges had some exchanges organized with <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a>.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium"><img alt="Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_Belgium_%28civil%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hainaut_(province)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hainaut (province)">Hainaut</a>, Belgium</dt> <dd>In 2007, cultural and artistic cooperation between <a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a> and Bruges was inaugurated.</dd> <dt><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Spain" title="Spain"><img alt="Spain" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/23px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/35px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9a/Flag_of_Spain.svg/45px-Flag_of_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Castilla_y_Le%C3%B3n" class="mw-redirect" title="Castilla y León">Castilla y León</a>, Spain</dt> <dd>On 29 January 2007, the mayors of <a href="/wiki/Burgos" title="Burgos">Burgos</a> and Bruges signed a declaration of intent about future cooperation on cultural, touristic and economic matters.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="In_popular_culture">In popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: In popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Notable_people">Notable people</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notable people"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Notable_people_from_Bruges" class="mw-redirect" title="Notable people from Bruges">Notable people from Bruges</a></div> <table> <tbody><tr> <td>The following people were born in Bruges:</td> <td>In the 15th century, the city became the magnet for several prominent personalities: </td></tr> <tr> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jan_Breydel" title="Jan Breydel">Jan Breydel</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pieter_de_Coninck" title="Pieter de Coninck">Pieter de Coninck</a>, freedom fighters</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hugo_Claus" title="Hugo Claus">Hugo Claus</a>, Belgian author (1929–2008)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_Gezelle" title="Guido Gezelle">Guido Gezelle</a>, poet and priest (1830–1899)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franciscus_Gomarus" title="Franciscus Gomarus">Franciscus Gomarus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Calvinist" class="mw-redirect" title="Calvinist">Calvinist</a> theologian (1563–1641)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gotye" title="Gotye">Gotye</a>, Australian-Belgian singer-songwriter (1980)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isidore_van_Kinsbergen" title="Isidore van Kinsbergen">Isidore van Kinsbergen</a>, Dutch-Flemish engraver, (1821–1905)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tony_Parker" title="Tony Parker">Tony Parker</a>, NBA Basketball Player (1982)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_I_of_Castile" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip I of Castile">Philip I of Castile</a>, first <a href="/wiki/Habsburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Habsburg">Habsburg</a> ruler in Spain (1478–1506)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Stevin" title="Simon Stevin">Simon Stevin</a>, mathematician and engineer (1548–1620)</li></ul> </td> <td> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III,_Duke_of_Burgundy" class="mw-redirect" title="Philip III, Duke of Burgundy">Philip the Good</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duke_of_Burgundy" title="Duke of Burgundy">Duke of Burgundy</a> set up court in Bruges, <a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Caxton" title="William Caxton">William Caxton</a>, English merchant, diplomat, writer, and printer</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_Christus" title="Petrus Christus">Petrus Christus</a>, Flemish painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerard_David" title="Gerard David">Gerard David</a>, Flemish painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hans_Memling" title="Hans Memling">Hans Memling</a>, Flemish painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jan_van_Eyck" title="Jan van Eyck">Jan van Eyck</a>, Flemish painter</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Juan_Lu%C3%ADs_Vives" class="mw-redirect" title="Juan Luís Vives">Juan Luís Vives</a>, Spanish scholar and humanist</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simon_Bening" title="Simon Bening">Simon Bening</a>, Flemish <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Levina_Teerlinc" title="Levina Teerlinc">Levina Teerlinc</a>, Flemish <a href="/wiki/Illuminated_manuscript" title="Illuminated manuscript">illuminator</a></li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Literature">Literature</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Literature"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hendrik_Conscience" title="Hendrik Conscience">Hendrik Conscience</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Lion_of_Flanders_(novel)" title="The Lion of Flanders (novel)">The Lion of Flanders, or the Battle of the Golden Spurs</a></i> (1836, <a href="/wiki/Dutch_language" title="Dutch language">Dutch</a>: <i lang="nl">De Leeuw van Vlaenderen, of de Slag der Gulden Sporen</i>), is a <a href="/wiki/Historical_fiction" title="Historical fiction">historical-fiction</a> novel based on the medieval <a href="/wiki/Franco-Flemish_War" title="Franco-Flemish War">Franco-Flemish War</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Golden_Spurs" title="Battle of the Golden Spurs">Battle of the Golden Spurs</a>, both of which historically include Bruges.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Bemelmans" title="Ludwig Bemelmans">Ludwig Bemelmans</a>' children's novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Golden_Basket" title="The Golden Basket">The Golden Basket</a></i> (1936) tells the story of a family's visit to Bruges. In the novel, the two sisters stay at the Golden Basket hotel in Bruges with their father. On a visit to <a href="/wiki/Bruges_cathedral" class="mw-redirect" title="Bruges cathedral">Bruges cathedral</a> with the innkeeper's son, the sisters meet a dozen little schoolgirls. This would mark the first appearance of Bemelmans' best-known character, <a href="/wiki/Madeline" title="Madeline">Madeline</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 86">: 86 </span></sup></li> <li>The last chapter of <a href="/wiki/Saul_Bellow" title="Saul Bellow">Saul Bellow</a>'s 1953 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Adventures_of_Augie_March" title="The Adventures of Augie March">The Adventures of Augie March</a></i> features the titular character driving through France on his way to Bruges on business.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bruges-la-Morte" title="Bruges-la-Morte">Bruges-la-Morte</a></i> (1892), a short novel by the Belgian author <a href="/wiki/Georges_Rodenbach" title="Georges Rodenbach">Georges Rodenbach</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Libretto" title="Libretto">libretto</a> of <a href="/wiki/Erich_Wolfgang_Korngold" title="Erich Wolfgang Korngold">Erich Wolfgang Korngold</a>'s opera <i><a href="/wiki/Die_tote_Stadt" title="Die tote Stadt">Die tote Stadt</a></i> (1920) is based on this book.</li> <li>The detective stories of Belgian writer <a href="/wiki/Pieter_Aspe" title="Pieter Aspe">Pieter Aspe</a> are situated in Bruges.</li> <li><i>Niccolò Rising</i> (1986), the first volume of <a href="/wiki/Dorothy_Dunnett" title="Dorothy Dunnett">Dorothy Dunnett</a>'s eight-book series, <i><a href="/wiki/The_House_of_Niccol%C3%B2" title="The House of Niccolò">House of Niccolò</a></i>, is largely set in Bruges. Other books in the series also have sections set in the Belgian city.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alan_Hollinghurst" title="Alan Hollinghurst">Alan Hollinghurst</a>'s 1994 novel <i><a href="/wiki/The_Folding_Star" title="The Folding Star">The Folding Star</a></i> is set in a Flemish town that is recognisably Bruges.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/L%27Astrologue_de_Bruges" class="mw-redirect" title="L'Astrologue de Bruges">L'Astrologue de Bruges</a></i> ("The Astrologer of Bruges", 1994), a Belgian <a href="/wiki/Bande_dessin%C3%A9e" title="Bande dessinée">bande dessinée</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Yoko_Tsuno" title="Yoko Tsuno">Yoko Tsuno</a> comic series, is entirely set in both contemporary and 1545's Bruges.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film">Film</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Film"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fred_Zinnemann" title="Fred Zinnemann">Fred Zinneman</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_Nun%27s_Story_(film)" title="The Nun's Story (film)">The Nun's Story</a></i> is a 1959 dramatic film starring <a href="/wiki/Audrey_Hepburn" title="Audrey Hepburn">Audrey Hepburn</a> that is primarily set in Bruges.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Killer_Is_on_the_Phone" title="The Killer Is on the Phone">The Killer Is on the Phone</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/Italian_language" title="Italian language">Italian</a>: <span title="Italian-language text"><i lang="it">L'assassino... è al telefono</i></span>) is a 1972 <a href="/wiki/Giallo_film" class="mw-redirect" title="Giallo film"><i>giallo</i> film</a> set in Bruges.</li> <li>The main antagonist of the <a href="/wiki/Austin_Powers" title="Austin Powers">Austin Powers film series</a>, Dr. Evil, was raised in Bruges.</li> <li>The 2008 film <i><a href="/wiki/In_Bruges" title="In Bruges">In Bruges</a></i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Colin_Farrell" title="Colin Farrell">Colin Farrell</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brendan_Gleeson" title="Brendan Gleeson">Brendan Gleeson</a>, is set almost entirely in Bruges. Throughout the film, which was directed by British-Irish director <a href="/wiki/Martin_McDonagh" title="Martin McDonagh">Martin McDonagh</a>, the city's major landmarks and history are mentioned repeatedly, as are the contrasted viewpoints of the two lead characters of the story.</li> <li>In 2014 <a href="/wiki/Bollywood" class="mw-redirect" title="Bollywood">Bollywood</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/PK_(film)" title="PK (film)">PK</a></i>, opening scenes involving <a href="/wiki/Anushka_Sharma" title="Anushka Sharma">Anushka Sharma</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sushant_Singh_Rajput" title="Sushant Singh Rajput">Sushant Singh Rajput</a> (including song <a href="/wiki/Chaar_Kadam" title="Chaar Kadam">Chaar Kadam</a>) are set in Bruges.</li> <li>The story of the <i><a href="/wiki/Madonna_of_Bruges" title="Madonna of Bruges">Madonna of Bruges</a></i> being removed by the Nazis and then returned is told in the fact-based 2014 movie <i><a href="/wiki/The_Monuments_Men" title="The Monuments Men">The Monuments Men</a></i>.</li> <li>The 2019 <a href="/wiki/Hallmark" title="Hallmark">Hallmark</a> movie <i>Love, Romance & Chocolate</i>, starring <a href="/wiki/Lacey_Chabert" title="Lacey Chabert">Lacey Chabert</a>, takes place in Bruges.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television_and_music">Television and music</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Television and music"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The song "<a href="/wiki/Marieke_(song)" title="Marieke (song)">Marieke</a>" by Belgian singer <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Brel" title="Jacques Brel">Jacques Brel</a> is about a Flemish girl, Marieke, whom Brel once loved and lived "between the towers of Bruges and <a href="/wiki/Ghent" title="Ghent">Ghent</a>."</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Floris_(TV_series)" title="Floris (TV series)">Floris</a></i>, a Dutch television action series written by <a href="/wiki/Gerard_Soeteman" title="Gerard Soeteman">Gerard Soeteman</a>, depicts castles located in Belgian cities, including Bruges.</li> <li>In the seventh episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Where_Is_My_Friend%27s_Home" title="Where Is My Friend's Home">Where Is My Friend's Home</a></i> (2015–2016), a <a href="/wiki/South_Korea" title="South Korea">South-Korean</a> <a href="/wiki/Reality_television" title="Reality television">reality</a>-<a href="/wiki/Travel_documentary" title="Travel documentary">travel</a> TV show, the cast tours Bruges as part of the <a href="/wiki/Where_Is_My_Friend%27s_Home#2nd_trip_-_Belgium" title="Where Is My Friend's Home">second season's trip to Belgium</a>.</li> <li>Some scenes from episode 6 of season 2 of <i><a href="/wiki/Agents_of_S.H.I.E.L.D." title="Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.">Marvel's Agents of S.H.I.E.L.D.</a></i> take place in Bruges, where a local beer, "Straffe Hendrik," is mentioned and shown.<sup id="cite_ref-nieuwsblad_53-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nieuwsblad-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The 2022 Nu-Core album <i><a href="/wiki/The_Generation_of_Danger" title="The Generation of Danger">The Generation of Danger</a></i> by the band <a href="/wiki/Tallah" title="Tallah">Tallah</a> is a concept album about a world class scientist fed up of being swept under the rug, and decides to force the whole world to participate in "the greatest experiment the world of science has ever seen". The entire story takes place in the city of Bruges.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-wikidata-354c41bf74d0f15c07c40ab0a8c1dd9bfadc1f49-v18_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statbel.fgov.be/sites/default/files/files/documents/bevolking/5.1%20Structuur%20van%20de%20bevolking/Bevolking_per_gemeente.xlsx">"Bevolking per gemeente op 1 januari 2022"</a>. Statbel.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Bevolking+per+gemeente+op+1+januari+2022&rft.pub=Statbel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatbel.fgov.be%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fbevolking%2F5.1%2520Structuur%2520van%2520de%2520bevolking%2FBevolking_per_gemeente.xlsx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDegraer1968" class="citation book cs1">Degraer, Hugo (1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ"><i>Repertorium van de pers in West-Vlaanderen 1807-1914</i></a>. Nauwelaerts, University of Michigan. p. 143.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Repertorium+van+de+pers+in+West-Vlaanderen+1807-1914&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Nauwelaerts%2C+University+of+Michigan&rft.date=1968&rft.aulast=Degraer&rft.aufirst=Hugo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D1f7iAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=1f7iAAAAMAAJ&q=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&dq=zeebrugge+%22brugge+aan+zee%22&cd=2">Snippet pages 143</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBonifaceCooper2001" class="citation book cs1">Boniface, Brian G.; Cooper, Christopher P. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC"><i>Worldwide destinations: the geography of travel and tourism</i></a> (3 ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. p. 140. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-4231-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7506-4231-6"><bdi>978-0-7506-4231-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Worldwide+destinations%3A+the+geography+of+travel+and+tourism&rft.pages=140&rft.edition=3&rft.pub=Butterworth-Heinemann&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-7506-4231-6&rft.aulast=Boniface&rft.aufirst=Brian+G.&rft.au=Cooper%2C+Christopher+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_jzBynlcuTMC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_jzBynlcuTMC&pg=PA140">page 140</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BelMun2008-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BelMun2008_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls">Statistics Belgium; <i>Population de droit par commune au 1 janvier 2008</i> (<b>excel-file</b>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090126165629/http://statbel.fgov.be/downloads/pop200801com.xls">Archived</a> 26 January 2009 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Population of all municipalities in Belgium, as of 1 January 2008. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-BelMetr-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-BelMetr_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf">Statistics Belgium; <i>De Belgische Stadsgewesten 2001</i> (<b>pdf-file</b>)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081029020131/http://www.statbel.fgov.be/pub/d0/p009n014_nl.pdf">Archived</a> 29 October 2008 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> Definitions of metropolitan areas in Belgium. The metropolitan area of Bruges is divided into three levels. First, the central agglomeration (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">agglomeratie</i></span>), which in this case is Bruges municipality, with 117,073 inhabitants (1 January 2008). Adding the closest surroundings (<span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">banlieue</i></span>) gives a total of 166,502. And, including the outer commuter zone (<span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">forensenwoonzone</i></span>) the population is 255,844. Retrieved on 19 October 2008.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world_and_its_people-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-world_and_its_people_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunton1896" class="citation book cs1">Dunton, Larkin (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n166"><i>The World and Its People</i></a>. Silver, Burdett. p. 158.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+People&rft.pages=158&rft.pub=Silver%2C+Burdett&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Dunton&rft.aufirst=Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldanditspeop05duntgoog%2Fpage%2Fn166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlier2005" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Charlier" title="Roger Charlier">Charlier, Roger H.</a> (2005). "Grandeur, Decadence, and Renaissance". <i>Journal of Coastal Research</i>: 425–447. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25737011">25737011</a>. <q>Rise, fall, and resurrection make up the life story of Bruges, a city that glittered in Northern Europe with as much panache as Venice did in the Mediterranean World.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Grandeur%2C+Decadence%2C+and+Renaissance&rft.pages=425-447&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25737011%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Charlier&rft.aufirst=Roger+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFleming2013" class="citation web cs1">Fleming, Adam (25 October 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-politics-24662050">"College of Europe in Bruges: Home of Thatcher speech"</a>. <i>BBC</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 July</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=College+of+Europe+in+Bruges%3A+Home+of+Thatcher+speech&rft.date=2013-10-25&rft.aulast=Fleming&rft.aufirst=Adam&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-politics-24662050&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Maurits_Gysseling" title="Maurits Gysseling">Maurits Gysseling</a>, <i>Toponymisch woordenboek van België, Nederland, Luxemburg, Noord-Frankrijk en West-Duitsland (vóór 1226)</i>, Brussel 1960, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://etymologiebank.nl/trefwoord/brug">"brug"</a>. <i>etymologiebank.nl</i>. 5 April 1922<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=etymologiebank.nl&rft.atitle=brug&rft.date=1922-04-05&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fetymologiebank.nl%2Ftrefwoord%2Fbrug&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">M. Philippa, F. Debrabandere, A. Quak, T. Schoonheim & N. van der Sijs (2003–2009), <i>Etymologisch woordenboek van het Nederlands</i>, AUP: Amsterdam.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMorris1969" class="citation book cs1">Morris, William, ed. (1969). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/americanheritage1986morr/page/1510">"Appendix, "Indo-European Roots"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a></span>. <i>American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language</i>. American Heritage Publishing Co. p. 1510. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780395090664" title="Special:BookSources/9780395090664"><bdi>9780395090664</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Appendix%2C+%22Indo-European+Roots%22&rft.btitle=American+Heritage+Dictionary+of+the+English+Language&rft.pages=1510&rft.pub=American+Heritage+Publishing+Co.&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=9780395090664&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famericanheritage1986morr%2Fpage%2F1510&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoogaart2004" class="citation book cs1">Boogaart, Thomas A. (1 January 2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=yV-wAAAAIAAJ&q=medieval+bruges+burgh"><i>An Ethnogeography of Late Medieval Bruges</i></a>. Edwin Mellen Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780773464216" title="Special:BookSources/9780773464216"><bdi>9780773464216</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Ethnogeography+of+Late+Medieval+Bruges&rft.pub=Edwin+Mellen+Press&rft.date=2004-01-01&rft.isbn=9780773464216&rft.aulast=Boogaart&rft.aufirst=Thomas+A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DyV-wAAAAIAAJ%26q%3Dmedieval%2Bbruges%2Bburgh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFossier1986" class="citation book cs1">Fossier, Robert (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.org/details/cambridgeillustr00robe"><i>The Cambridge Illustrated History of the Middle Ages</i></a>. Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 374. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26644-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-26644-4"><bdi>978-0-521-26644-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Illustrated+History+of+the+Middle+Ages&rft.place=Cambridge%3B+New+York&rft.pages=374&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1986&rft.isbn=978-0-521-26644-4&rft.aulast=Fossier&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgeillustr00robe&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jstor.org-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jstor.org_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jstor.org_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlier2005" class="citation journal cs1">Charlier, Roger H. 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"Grandeur, Decadence and Renaissance". <i>Journal of Coastal Research</i>: 425–447. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/25737011">25737011</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Coastal+Research&rft.atitle=Charlier%2C+Roger+H.+%22Grandeur%2C+Decadence+and+Renaissance&rft.pages=425-447&rft.date=2005&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F25737011%23id-name%3DJSTOR&rft.aulast=Charlier&rft.aufirst=Roger+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-jcronline.org-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-jcronline.org_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-jcronline.org_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCharlier2010" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Charlier" title="Roger Charlier">Charlier, Roger H.</a> (2010). 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Transaction Publishers. p. 92. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781412847421" title="Special:BookSources/9781412847421"><bdi>9781412847421</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Political+Economy+of+Nation+Building%3A+The+World%27s+Unfinished+Business&rft.pages=92&rft.pub=Transaction+Publishers&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9781412847421&rft.aulast=Ott&rft.aufirst=Mack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DYJyRLypfagYC%26pg%3DPA92&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJames_Donald_Tracy1993" class="citation book cs1">James Donald Tracy (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=heEdZziizrUC&pg=PA263"><i>The Rise of Merchant Empires: Long-Distance Trade in the Early Modern World, 1350-1750</i></a>. Cambridge U.P. p. 263. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780521457354" title="Special:BookSources/9780521457354"><bdi>9780521457354</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rise+of+Merchant+Empires%3A+Long-Distance+Trade+in+the+Early+Modern+World%2C+1350-1750&rft.pages=263&rft.pub=Cambridge+U.P.&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=9780521457354&rft.au=James+Donald+Tracy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DheEdZziizrUC%26pg%3DPA263&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNimmoGillespie1880" class="citation book cs1">Nimmo, William; Gillespie, Robert (1880). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/historyofstirlin01nimm#page/369/mode/1up"><i>The history of Stirlingshire</i></a> (3rd ed.). Glasgow: Thomas D. Morison. p. 369<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 April</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Stirlingshire&rft.place=Glasgow&rft.pages=369&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Thomas+D.+Morison&rft.date=1880&rft.aulast=Nimmo&rft.aufirst=William&rft.au=Gillespie%2C+Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Fhistoryofstirlin01nimm%23page%2F369%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAerts1992" class="citation book cs1">Aerts, Erik (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CLFQAAAAYAAJ&q=the+first+merchant+fleet+from+Genoa+appeared+in+the+port+of+Bruges,+first+of+the+merchant+colony+that+made+Bruges+the+main+link+to+the+trade+of+the+Mediterranean"><i>Bruges and Europe</i></a>. Fonds Mercator. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789061532804" title="Special:BookSources/9789061532804"><bdi>9789061532804</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruges+and+Europe&rft.pub=Fonds+Mercator&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9789061532804&rft.aulast=Aerts&rft.aufirst=Erik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCLFQAAAAYAAJ%26q%3Dthe%2Bfirst%2Bmerchant%2Bfleet%2Bfrom%2BGenoa%2Bappeared%2Bin%2Bthe%2Bport%2Bof%2BBruges%2C%2Bfirst%2Bof%2Bthe%2Bmerchant%2Bcolony%2Bthat%2Bmade%2BBruges%2Bthe%2Bmain%2Blink%2Bto%2Bthe%2Btrade%2Bof%2Bthe%2BMediterranean&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210201230433/https://www.frietmuseum.be/en/museum.htm">"Frietmuseum, Bruges - Museum"</a>. <i>www.frietmuseum.be</i>. 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Oxford, UK: Basil Blackwell. p. 241. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0631175650" title="Special:BookSources/978-0631175650"><bdi>978-0631175650</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basques&rft.place=Oxford%2C+UK&rft.pages=241&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Basil+Blackwell&rft.date=1990&rft.isbn=978-0631175650&rft.aulast=Collins&rft.aufirst=Roger&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPhillips1986" class="citation journal cs1">Phillips, William D. Jr. (1986). 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">7 July</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Charles%2C+Prince+of+Wales%2C+%28later+Charles+II%29%2C+1630-85&rft.pub=British-civil-wars.co.uk&rft.date=2007-09-10&rft.aulast=Plant&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.british-civil-wars.co.uk%2Fbiog%2Fcharles2.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world_&_people-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-world_&_people_29-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunton1896" class="citation book cs1">Dunton, Larkin (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop01duntgoog"><i>The World and Its People</i></a>. Silver, Burdett. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop01duntgoog/page/n166">160</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+People&rft.pages=160&rft.pub=Silver%2C+Burdett&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Dunton&rft.aufirst=Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldanditspeop01duntgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAndre_de_Vries2007" class="citation book cs1">Andre de Vries (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=QvSovOY_VV0C&pg=PA143"><i>Flanders:A Cultural History: A Cultural History</i></a>. Oxford U.P. p. 143. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780199837335" title="Special:BookSources/9780199837335"><bdi>9780199837335</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Flanders%3AA+Cultural+History%3A+A+Cultural+History&rft.pages=143&rft.pub=Oxford+U.P.&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=9780199837335&rft.au=Andre+de+Vries&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQvSovOY_VV0C%26pg%3DPA143&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">(Excelsior Series 11, No. 51, Albert Sugg a Gand; ca. 1905): <i>Cranenburg, from the windows of which, in olden times, the Counts of Flanders, with the lords and ladies of their Court, used to watch the tournaments and pageants for which Bruges was celebrated, and in which Maximilian was imprisoned by the burghers in 1488</i> (<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/files/18670/18670-h/18670-h.htm#page_4">Bruges and West Flanders</a></i>, George W. T. Omond, Illustrated by Amédée Forestier, 1906. <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a> Edition.)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephen_V._(Stephen_Victor)_Ward1998" class="citation book cs1">Stephen V. (Stephen Victor) Ward (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=P9L6GgYgEAIC&pg=PA40"><i>Selling Places: The Marketing and Promotion of Towns and Cities, 1850-2000</i></a>. Spon. p. 40. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780419206101" title="Special:BookSources/9780419206101"><bdi>9780419206101</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Selling+Places%3A+The+Marketing+and+Promotion+of+Towns+and+Cities%2C+1850-2000&rft.pages=40&rft.pub=Spon&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=9780419206101&rft.au=Stephen+V.+%28Stephen+Victor%29+Ward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DP9L6GgYgEAIC%26pg%3DPA40&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMason2018" class="citation news cs1">Mason, Antony (10 December 2018). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/articles/bruges-overtourism/">"The Belgian city that solved the problem of a tourist invasion"</a></span>. The Daily Telegraph. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220111/https://www.telegraph.co.uk/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/articles/bruges-overtourism/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 January 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=The+Belgian+city+that+solved+the+problem+of+a+tourist+invasion&rft.date=2018-12-10&rft.aulast=Mason&rft.aufirst=Antony&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.telegraph.co.uk%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fbelgium%2Farticles%2Fbruges-overtourism%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.meteo.be/resources/climateCity/pdf/climate_INS31005_BRUGGE_nl.pdf">"Klimaatstatistieken van de Belgische gemeenten"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> (in Dutch). <a href="/wiki/Royal_Meteorological_Institute" title="Royal Meteorological Institute">Royal Meteorological Institute</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Klimaatstatistieken+van+de+Belgische+gemeenten&rft.pub=Royal+Meteorological+Institute&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.meteo.be%2Fresources%2FclimateCity%2Fpdf%2Fclimate_INS31005_BRUGGE_nl.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2016" class="citation web cs1">Hahn, Lindsay (6 August 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iexplore.com/experiences/cultural-exploration/Canal-Towns-to-Visit">"Skip the Crowds at Venice: 5 Better Canal Towns to Visit"</a>. <i>iExplore.com</i>. Inside-Out Media<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iExplore.com&rft.atitle=Skip+the+Crowds+at+Venice%3A+5+Better+Canal+Towns+to+Visit&rft.date=2016-08-06&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Lindsay&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.iexplore.com%2Fexperiences%2Fcultural-exploration%2FCanal-Towns-to-Visit&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/996">"Historic Centre of Brugge – UNESCO World Heritage Centre"</a>. Whc.unesco.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Historic+Centre+of+Brugge+%E2%80%93+UNESCO+World+Heritage+Centre&rft.pub=Whc.unesco.org&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F996&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-world_&_people2-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-world_&_people2_37-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDunton1896" class="citation book cs1">Dunton, Larkin (1896). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog"><i>The World and Its People</i></a>. Silver, Burdett. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldanditspeop05duntgoog/page/n169">161</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+World+and+Its+People&rft.pages=161&rft.pub=Silver%2C+Burdett&rft.date=1896&rft.aulast=Dunton&rft.aufirst=Larkin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldanditspeop05duntgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://whc.unesco.org/en/list/943">"World Heritage List | Belfries of Belgium and France"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 March</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=UNESCO&rft.atitle=World+Heritage+List+%7C+Belfries+of+Belgium+and+France&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwhc.unesco.org%2Fen%2Flist%2F943&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="http://www.heartmus.dk/kimsooja-3472.aspx">[1]</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150226023659/http://www.heartmus.dk/kimsooja-3472.aspx">Archived</a> 26 February 2015 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140208113258/http://diamondmuseum.be/website/page.asp?lang=en&Pag=10&pnav=;26;">"Diamond Museum"</a>. Diamond Museum. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.diamondmuseum.be/website/page.asp?lang=en&Pag=10&pnav=;26;">the original</a> on 8 February 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 January</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Diamond+Museum&rft.pub=Diamond+Museum&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diamondmuseum.be%2Fwebsite%2Fpage.asp%3Flang%3Den%26Pag%3D10%26pnav%3D%3B26%3B&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catholicsaints.info/saint-donatian-of-rheims/">"Saint Donatian of Rheims"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Blog+Archive+%C2%BB+Saint+Andrew+the+Apostle&rft.pub=SQPN.com&rft.date=2009-02-27&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fsaints.sqpn.com%2Fsaint-andrew-the-apostle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://emmausparochie.be/emmausparochie/geschiedenis-van-de-parochie-sint-andreas-en-sint-anna-en-haar-kerk/">"Geschiedenis van de parochie Sint-Andreas en Sint-Anna en haar kerk"</a>. 31 May 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Geschiedenis+van+de+parochie+Sint-Andreas+en+Sint-Anna+en+haar+kerk&rft.date=2015-05-31&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Femmausparochie.be%2Femmausparochie%2Fgeschiedenis-van-de-parochie-sint-andreas-en-sint-anna-en-haar-kerk%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bemarietravels.com/how-to-get-to-bruges-by-train-flight-bus-and-ferry/">"How To Get To Bruges"</a>. 6 September 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=How+To+Get+To+Bruges&rft.date=2018-09-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbemarietravels.com%2Fhow-to-get-to-bruges-by-train-flight-bus-and-ferry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tucrail.be/en/projects/new-infrastructure/axis-between-ghent-ant-coast">"Axis between Ghent ant the coast"</a>. <i>TUC rail</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Maib.gov.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 February</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Merchant+Shipping+Act+%3A+mv+Herald+of+Free+Enterprise+%3A+Formal+Investigation&rft.pub=Maib.gov.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.maib.gov.uk%2Fcms_resources.cfm%3Ffile%3D%2FHofFEfinal.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-39177104">"Zeebrugge ferry disaster marked 30 years on"</a>. <i>BBC News</i>. 6 March 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 November</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Zeebrugge+ferry+disaster+marked+30+years+on&rft.date=2017-03-06&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fuk-england-39177104&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statbel.fgov.be/en/themes/population/structure-population/origin#documents">"Origin | Statbel"</a>. <i>statbel.fgov.be</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 July</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statbel.fgov.be&rft.atitle=Origin+%7C+Statbel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatbel.fgov.be%2Fen%2Fthemes%2Fpopulation%2Fstructure-population%2Forigin%23documents&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.voetbalkrant.com/nl/nieuws/lees/2015-10-22/het-nieuwe-stadion-van-club-brugge-krijgt-steeds-meer-vorm">"Club Brugge krijgt schitterend nieuws in verband met nieuw stadion"</a>. 22 October 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Club+Brugge+krijgt+schitterend+nieuws+in+verband+met+nieuw+stadion&rft.date=2015-10-22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.voetbalkrant.com%2Fnl%2Fnieuws%2Flees%2F2015-10-22%2Fhet-nieuwe-stadion-van-club-brugge-krijgt-steeds-meer-vorm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUniversity" class="citation web cs1">University, United Nations. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.unu.edu/system/centres.html">"Training Centres and Programmes - United Nations University"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Training+Centres+and+Programmes+-+United+Nations+University&rft.aulast=University&rft.aufirst=United+Nations&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unu.edu%2Fsystem%2Fcentres.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Gillespie, John Thomas and Corinne J. Naden. 1996. <i>The Newbery Companion: Booktalk and Related Materials for Newbery Medal and Honor Books</i> (revised ed.). Libraries Unlimited (2001).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nieuwsblad-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-nieuwsblad_53-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nieuwsblad.be/cnt/dmf20141029_01348952">"Brugse Straffe Hendrik valt in de smaak bij Amerikaanse acti... (Brugge) - Het Nieuwsblad"</a>. nieuwsblad.be. 30 October 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Brugse+Straffe+Hendrik+valt+in+de+smaak+bij+Amerikaanse+acti...+%28Brugge%29+-+Het+Nieuwsblad&rft.pub=nieuwsblad.be&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nieuwsblad.be%2Fcnt%2Fdmf20141029_01348952&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_Bruges#Bibliography" title="Timeline of Bruges">Bibliography of the history of Bruges</a></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray2005" class="citation book cs1">Murray, James M. (2005). <i>Bruges, Cradle of Capitalism 1280–1390</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Bruges%2C+Cradle+of+Capitalism+1280%E2%80%931390&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=James+M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSewell2018" class="citation web cs1">Sewell, Abby (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180811035346/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/brugge-bruges-unesco-world-heritage-guide/">"Discover Belgium's Beautiful Medieval City"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/National_Geographic_Society" title="National Geographic Society">National Geographic Society</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nationalgeographic.com/travel/destinations/europe/belgium/brugge-bruges-unesco-world-heritage-guide/">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(video+text)</span> on 11 August 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Geographic+Society&rft.atitle=Discover+Belgium%27s+Beautiful+Medieval+City&rft.date=2018&rft.aulast=Sewell&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nationalgeographic.com%2Ftravel%2Fdestinations%2Feurope%2Fbelgium%2Fbrugge-bruges-unesco-world-heritage-guide%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bruges&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Bruges" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Bruges">Bruges</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Bruges#Q12994" class="extiw" title="voy:Bruges">Bruges</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li> <li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bezoekers.brugge.be/en">Official website</a></span></span> <span class="languageicon">(in English)</span></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikisource-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/15px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/23px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/30px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> Texts on Wikisource: <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica,_Ninth_Edition/Bruges" class="extiw" title="s:Encyclopædia Britannica, Ninth Edition/Bruges">Bruges</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (9th ed.). 1878. pp. 395–396.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruges&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=395-396&rft.edition=9th&rft.date=1878&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/1911_Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica/Bruges" class="extiw" title="s:1911 Encyclopædia Britannica/Bruges">Bruges</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica_Eleventh_Edition" title="Encyclopædia Britannica Eleventh Edition">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). 1911. pp. 678–679.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruges&rft.btitle=Encyclop%C3%A6dia+Britannica&rft.pages=678-679&rft.edition=11th&rft.date=1911&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"<a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/The_Encyclopedia_Americana_(1920)/Bruges" class="extiw" title="s:The Encyclopedia Americana (1920)/Bruges">Bruges</a>". <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_Americana" title="Encyclopedia Americana">Encyclopedia Americana</a></i>. 1920.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Bruges&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Americana&rft.date=1920&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABruges" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul></li></ul> <div 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style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><table role="presentation" style="width:100%; margin:0; text-align:center;"><tbody><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Blankenberge" title="Blankenberge">Blankenberge</a></td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a></i></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Knokke-Heist" title="Knokke-Heist">Knokke-Heist</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="North"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/14px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/21px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Pfeil_oben.svg/28px-Pfeil_oben.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Zuienkerke" title="Zuienkerke">Zuienkerke</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Jabbeke" title="Jabbeke">Jabbeke</a></td> <td style="width:33%;"> <div style="white-space:nowrap;"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="West"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/17px-Pfeil_links.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/25px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/85/Pfeil_links.svg/34px-Pfeil_links.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span><b style="display:inline-block; vertical-align:middle; margin:0.75em 1em">Bruges</b><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span title="East"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/17px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/25px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Pfeil_rechts.svg/34px-Pfeil_rechts.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="500" /></span></span></div> </td> <td style="width:33%"><a href="/wiki/Damme" title="Damme">Damme</a></td> </tr><tr> <td></td> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><span title="South"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/14px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png" decoding="async" width="14" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/21px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Pfeil_unten.svg/28px-Pfeil_unten.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></td> <td></td> </tr><tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Zedelgem" title="Zedelgem">Zedelgem</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Oostkamp" title="Oostkamp">Oostkamp</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beernem" title="Beernem">Beernem</a></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Populated_places_in_Bruges" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Populated_places_in_Bruges" title="Template:Populated places in Bruges"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Populated_places_in_Bruges&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Populated places in Bruges (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Populated_places_in_Bruges" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Populated places in Bruges"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Populated_places_in_Bruges" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Populated places in <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Deelgemeente" title="Deelgemeente">Sub-municipalities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assebroek" title="Assebroek">Assebroek</a></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dudzele" title="Dudzele">Dudzele</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koolkerke" title="Koolkerke">Koolkerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lissewege" title="Lissewege">Lissewege</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Andries" title="Sint-Andries">Sint-Andries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Kruis" title="Sint-Kruis">Sint-Kruis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Michiels" title="Sint-Michiels">Sint-Michiels</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_of_Brugge.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/50px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/75px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Logo_of_Brugge.svg/100px-Logo_of_Brugge.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Neighbourhoods,<br />villages and hamlets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Male,_Belgium" title="Male, Belgium">Male</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Jozef" title="Sint-Jozef">Sint-Jozef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint-Pieters" title="Sint-Pieters">Sint-Pieters</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zeebrugge" title="Zeebrugge">Zeebrugge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwankendamme" title="Zwankendamme">Zwankendamme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Municipalities_in_the_Province_of_West_Flanders,_Flanders,_Belgium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Template:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Template talk:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities_in_West_Flanders" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Municipalities in West Flanders"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Municipalities_in_the_Province_of_West_Flanders,_Flanders,_Belgium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Belgium" title="Municipalities of Belgium">Municipalities</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_Belgium" title="Provinces of Belgium">Province</a> of <a href="/wiki/West_Flanders" title="West Flanders">West Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flemish_Region" title="Flemish Region">Flanders</a>, <a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Bruges" title="Arrondissement of Bruges">Bruges</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beernem" title="Beernem">Beernem</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Blankenberge" title="Blankenberge">Blankenberge</a></b></li> <li><b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges/Brugge</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Damme" title="Damme">Damme</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jabbeke" title="Jabbeke">Jabbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knokke-Heist" title="Knokke-Heist">Knokke-Heist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostkamp" title="Oostkamp">Oostkamp</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Torhout" title="Torhout">Torhout</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zedelgem" title="Zedelgem">Zedelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zuienkerke" title="Zuienkerke">Zuienkerke</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Belgiewvl.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/100px-Belgiewvl.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/150px-Belgiewvl.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1e/Belgiewvl.png/200px-Belgiewvl.png 2x" data-file-width="398" data-file-height="335" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Diksmuide" title="Arrondissement of Diksmuide">Diksmuide</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Diksmuide" title="Diksmuide">Diksmuide</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Houthulst" title="Houthulst">Houthulst</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koekelare" title="Koekelare">Koekelare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kortemark" title="Kortemark">Kortemark</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Lo-Reninge" title="Lo-Reninge">Lo-Reninge</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Kortrijk" title="Arrondissement of Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anzegem" title="Anzegem">Anzegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avelgem" title="Avelgem">Avelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deerlijk" title="Deerlijk">Deerlijk</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Harelbeke" title="Harelbeke">Harelbeke</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Kortrijk" title="Kortrijk">Kortrijk</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuurne" title="Kuurne">Kuurne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lendelede" title="Lendelede">Lendelede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Menen" title="Menen">Menen</a></b></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiere-Helkijn" title="Spiere-Helkijn">Spiere-Helkijn</a></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Waregem" title="Waregem">Waregem</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wevelgem" title="Wevelgem">Wevelgem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwevegem" title="Zwevegem">Zwevegem</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Ostend" title="Arrondissement of Ostend">Ostend</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bredene" title="Bredene">Bredene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Haan,_Belgium" title="De Haan, Belgium">De Haan</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Gistel" title="Gistel">Gistel</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ichtegem" title="Ichtegem">Ichtegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middelkerke" title="Middelkerke">Middelkerke</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ostend" title="Ostend">Oostende/Ostend</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oudenburg" title="Oudenburg">Oudenburg</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Roeselare" title="Arrondissement of Roeselare">Roeselare</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hooglede" title="Hooglede">Hooglede</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ingelmunster" title="Ingelmunster">Ingelmunster</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Izegem" title="Izegem">Izegem</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ledegem" title="Ledegem">Ledegem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lichtervelde" title="Lichtervelde">Lichtervelde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moorslede" title="Moorslede">Moorslede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Roeselare" title="Roeselare">Roeselare</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staden" title="Staden">Staden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Tielt" title="Arrondissement of Tielt">Tielt</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ardooie" title="Ardooie">Ardooie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dentergem" title="Dentergem">Dentergem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meulebeke" title="Meulebeke">Meulebeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oostrozebeke" title="Oostrozebeke">Oostrozebeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittem" title="Pittem">Pittem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruiselede" title="Ruiselede">Ruiselede</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Tielt" title="Tielt">Tielt</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wielsbeke" title="Wielsbeke">Wielsbeke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wingene" title="Wingene">Wingene</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Veurne" title="Arrondissement of Veurne">Veurne</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alveringem" title="Alveringem">Alveringem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/De_Panne" title="De Panne">De Panne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Koksijde" title="Koksijde">Koksijde</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Nieuwpoort,_Belgium" title="Nieuwpoort, Belgium">Nieuwpoort</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Veurne" title="Veurne">Veurne</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Arrondissement_of_Ypres" title="Arrondissement of Ypres">Ypres</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heuvelland" title="Heuvelland">Heuvelland</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ypres" title="Ypres">Ieper/Ypres</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langemark-Poelkapelle" title="Langemark-Poelkapelle">Langemark-Poelkapelle</a></li> <li><i><b><a href="/wiki/Mesen" title="Mesen">Mesen</a></b></i></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Poperinge" title="Poperinge">Poperinge</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vleteren" title="Vleteren">Vleteren</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wervik" title="Wervik">Wervik</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zonnebeke" title="Zonnebeke">Zonnebeke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><b>Bold</b> indicates <a href="/wiki/City_status_in_Belgium" title="City status in Belgium">cities</a></li> <li><i>Italic</i> indicates <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_with_language_facilities" title="Municipalities with language facilities">Municipalities with language facilities</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Template talk:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Capital_of_Culture" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Capital of Culture"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_Capitals_of_Culture" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_Capital_of_Culture" title="European Capital of Culture">European Capitals of Culture</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <dl><dt><span class="nobold">1985</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Athens" title="Athens">Athens</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1986</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florence</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1987</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Amsterdam" title="Amsterdam">Amsterdam</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1988</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/West_Berlin" title="West Berlin">West</a> <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1989</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paris" title="Paris">Paris</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1990</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Glasgow" title="Glasgow">Glasgow</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1991</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Dublin" title="Dublin">Dublin</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1992</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1993</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1994</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lisbon" title="Lisbon">Lisbon</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1995</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1996</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Copenhagen" title="Copenhagen">Copenhagen</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1997</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Thessaloniki" title="Thessaloniki">Thessaloniki</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1998</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">1999</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Weimar" title="Weimar">Weimar</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2000</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Reykjav%C3%ADk" title="Reykjavík">Reykjavík</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Helsinki" title="Helsinki">Helsinki</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Brussels" title="Brussels">Brussels</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Prague" title="Prague">Prague</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Kraków</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Santiago_de_Compostela" title="Santiago de Compostela">Santiago de Compostela</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Avignon" title="Avignon">Avignon</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Bologna" title="Bologna">Bologna</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2001</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rotterdam" title="Rotterdam">Rotterdam</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Porto" title="Porto">Porto</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2002</span></dt> <dd><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2003</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Graz" title="Graz">Graz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2004</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Genoa" title="Genoa">Genoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Lille" title="Lille">Lille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2005</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Cork_(city)" title="Cork (city)">Cork</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2006</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Patras" title="Patras">Patras</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2007</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Luxembourg_City" title="Luxembourg City">Luxembourg City</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Sibiu" title="Sibiu">Sibiu</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2008</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liverpool" title="Liverpool">Liverpool</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Stavanger" title="Stavanger">Stavanger</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2009</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Linz" title="Linz">Linz</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Vilnius" title="Vilnius">Vilnius</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2010</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Essen" title="Essen">Essen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9cs" title="Pécs">Pécs</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2011</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Tallinn</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2012</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Maribor" title="Maribor">Maribor</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Guimar%C3%A3es" title="Guimarães">Guimarães</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2013</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice" title="Košice">Košice</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Marseille" title="Marseille">Marseille</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2014</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Ume%C3%A5" title="Umeå">Umeå</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2015</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Mons,_Belgium" title="Mons, Belgium">Mons</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plze%C5%88" title="Plzeň">Plzeň</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2016</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/San_Sebasti%C3%A1n" title="San Sebastián">San Sebastián</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Wrocław</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2017</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Aarhus" title="Aarhus">Aarhus</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Paphos" title="Paphos">Paphos</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2018</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Leeuwarden" title="Leeuwarden">Leeuwarden</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2019</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Plovdiv" title="Plovdiv">Plovdiv</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Matera" title="Matera">Matera</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2020-April 2021</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Rijeka" title="Rijeka">Rijeka</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Galway" title="Galway">Galway</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2022</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Esch-sur-Alzette" title="Esch-sur-Alzette">Esch-sur-Alzette</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Novi_Sad" title="Novi Sad">Novi Sad</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2023</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Veszpr%C3%A9m" title="Veszprém">Veszprém</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Timi%C8%99oara" title="Timișoara">Timișoara</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Elefsina" title="Elefsina">Elefsina</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2024</span></dt> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Tartu</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bad_Ischl" title="Bad Ischl">Bad Ischl</a></b></dd> <dd><b><a href="/wiki/Bod%C3%B8_(town)" title="Bodø (town)">Bodø</a></b></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2025</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Nova_Gorica" title="Nova Gorica">Nova Gorica</a> / <a href="/wiki/Gorizia" title="Gorizia">Gorizia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Chemnitz" title="Chemnitz">Chemnitz</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2026</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Oulu" title="Oulu">Oulu</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Tren%C4%8D%C3%ADn" title="Trenčín">Trenčín</a></dd> <dt><span class="nobold">2027</span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Liep%C4%81ja" title="Liepāja">Liepāja</a></dd></dl> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="Template:World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="Template talk:World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="Special:EditPage/Template:World Heritage Sites in Belgium"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="List of World Heritage Sites in Belgium">World Heritage Sites in Belgium</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Architectural_Work_of_Le_Corbusier" title="The Architectural Work of Le Corbusier">Architectural Work of Le Corbusier</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belfries_of_Belgium_and_France" title="Belfries of Belgium and France">Belfries of Belgium and France</a><sup><small>2</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/B%C3%A9guinage" class="mw-redirect" title="Béguinage">Flemish Béguinages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boat_Lifts_on_the_Canal_du_Centre" title="Boat Lifts on the Canal du Centre">Four Lifts on the Canal du Centre and their Environs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonies_of_Benevolence" class="mw-redirect" title="Colonies of Benevolence">Colonies of Benevolence</a><sup><small>3</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funerary_and_memory_sites_of_the_First_World_War_(Western_Front)" title="Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)">Funerary and memory sites of the First World War (Western Front)</a><sup><small>4</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Spa_Towns_of_Europe" title="Great Spa Towns of Europe">Great Spa Towns of Europe</a><sup><small>5</small></sup></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Historic Centre of Bruges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand-Place" title="Grand-Place">La Grand-Place, Brussels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_Mining_Sites_of_Wallonia" title="Major Mining Sites of Wallonia">Major Mining Sites of Wallonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Major_town_houses_of_the_architect_Victor_Horta_(Brussels)" title="Major town houses of the architect Victor Horta (Brussels)">Major town houses of the architect Victor Horta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neolithic_flint_mines_of_Spiennes" title="Neolithic flint mines of Spiennes">Neolithic Flint Mines at Spiennes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tournai_Cathedral" title="Tournai Cathedral">Notre-Dame Cathedral in Tournai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plantin-Moretus_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantin-Moretus Museum">Plantin-Moretus House-Workshops-Museum Complex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ancient_and_Primeval_Beech_Forests_of_the_Carpathians_and_Other_Regions_of_Europe" title="Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe">Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe</a><sup><small>6</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stoclet_Palace" title="Stoclet Palace">Stoclet House</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Belgium.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Belgium"><img alt="Flag of Belgium" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/40px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="35" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/60px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Flag_of_Belgium.svg/80px-Flag_of_Belgium.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Flag of Belgium</figcaption></figure><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Welterbe.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/40px-Welterbe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/60px-Welterbe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Welterbe.svg/80px-Welterbe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="160" data-file-height="160" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><small><sup>1</sup> Listing shared with six other countries, which includes Belgium's <a href="/wiki/Maison_Guiette" title="Maison Guiette">Maison Guiette</a>; <sup>2</sup> Listing shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_France" title="List of World Heritage Sites in France">France</a>; <sup>3</sup> Listing shared with <a href="/wiki/List_of_World_Heritage_Sites_in_the_Netherlands" title="List of World Heritage Sites in the Netherlands">the Netherlands</a>, which includes Belgium's <a href="/wiki/Wortel,_Belgium" title="Wortel, Belgium">Wortel</a>; <sup>4</sup> Listing shared with France <sup>5</sup> Listing shared with seven other countries, which includes Belgium's <a href="/wiki/Spa,_Belgium" title="Spa, Belgium">Spa</a>; <sup>6</sup> Listing shared with seventeen other countries, which includes Belgium's <a href="/wiki/Sonian_Forest" title="Sonian Forest">Sonian Forest</a>.</small></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r920966791">.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps{font-variant:small-caps}.mw-parser-output span.smallcaps-smaller{font-size:85%}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Hanseatic_League" title="Template talk:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic_League" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Hanseatic League"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_Hanseatic_League_by_quarter,_and_trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/Hanseatic_League" title="Hanseatic League">Hanseatic League</a> by quarter, and trading posts of the Hanseatic League</div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>Chief cities shown in <span class="smallcaps">smallcaps</span>.</li><li><a href="/wiki/Free_imperial_city" title="Free imperial city">Free Imperial Cities</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a> shown in <i>italics</i>.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wendish</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Lübeck" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;;padding:0.75em 1.0em;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCbeck" title="Lübeck">Lübeck</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anklam" title="Anklam">Anklam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demmin" title="Demmin">Demmin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswald" title="Greifswald">Greifswald</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hamburg" title="Hamburg">Hamburg</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ko%C5%82obrzeg" title="Kołobrzeg">Kolberg <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kołobrzeg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%BCneburg" title="Lüneburg">Lüneburg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rostock" title="Rostock">Rostock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dar%C5%82owo" title="Darłowo">Rügenwalde <span style="font-size:85%;">(Darłowo)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Szczecin" title="Szczecin">Stettin <span style="font-size:85%;">(Szczecin)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C5%82upsk" title="Słupsk">Stolp <span style="font-size:85%;">(Słupsk)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stargard" title="Stargard">Stargard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stockholm" title="Stockholm">Stockholm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stralsund" title="Stralsund">Stralsund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visby" title="Visby">Visby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wismar" title="Wismar">Wismar</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Principal trading routes of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/150px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="115" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/225px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png/300px-Haupthandelsroute_Hanse.png 2x" data-file-width="789" data-file-height="603" /></a></span><br /><br /><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League"><img alt="Lubeck — a main city of the Hanseatic League" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/150px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="121" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/225px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg/300px-Hansestadt_Lubeck_Tatiana_Yagunova_Watercolor_painting_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3720" data-file-height="2996" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Saxon</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BrunswickMagdeburg" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><a href="/wiki/Braunschweig" title="Braunschweig">Brunswick</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Magdeburg" title="Magdeburg">Magdeburg</a></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bremen" title="Bremen">Bremen</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erfurt" title="Erfurt">Erfurt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frankfurt_(Oder)" title="Frankfurt (Oder)">Frankfurt an der Oder</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Goslar" title="Goslar">Goslar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BChlhausen" title="Mühlhausen">Mühlhausen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nordhausen,_Thuringia" title="Nordhausen, Thuringia">Nordhausen</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Baltic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Danzig(Gdańsk)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.1em;"><a href="/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk" title="Gdańsk"><span class="smallcaps">Danzig</span><br /><span style="font-size:85%;"><span class="nobold">(Gdańsk)</span></span></a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw" title="Wrocław">Breslau <span style="font-size:85%;">(Wrocław)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tartu" title="Tartu">Dorpat <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tartu)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elbl%C4%85g" title="Elbląg">Elbing <span style="font-size:85%;">(Elbląg)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6nigsberg" title="Königsberg">Königsberg</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Kaliningrad" title="Kaliningrad">Kaliningrad</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Krak%C3%B3w" title="Kraków">Cracow <span style="font-size:85%;">(Kraków)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tallinn" title="Tallinn">Reval <span style="font-size:85%;">(Tallinn)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riga" title="Riga">Riga <span style="font-size:85%;">(Rīga)</span></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toru%C5%84" title="Toruń">Thorn <span style="font-size:85%;">(Toruń)</span></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Westphalian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cologne_1Dortmund_1" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5.5em;font-weight:normal;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span><br /><span class="smallcaps"><i><a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a></i></span> <span class="nobold"><sup><small>1</small></sup></span></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Deventer" title="Deventer">Deventer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groningen" title="Groningen">Groningen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kampen,_Overijssel" title="Kampen, Overijssel">Kampen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%BCnster" title="Münster">Münster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osnabr%C3%BCck" title="Osnabrück">Osnabrück</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Soest,_Germany" title="Soest, Germany">Soest</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zutphen" title="Zutphen">Zutphen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zwolle" title="Zwolle">Zwolle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><hr /></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kontor" title="Kontor">Kontore</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bryggen" title="Bryggen">Bryggen</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Bergen" title="Bergen">Bergen</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kontor_of_Bruges" title="Kontor of Bruges">Kontor of Bruges</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges</a></span></li> <li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a><sup>2</sup><span style="font-size:85%;"> </span></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steelyard" title="Steelyard">Steelyard</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>)</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peterhof_(Novgorod)" title="Peterhof (Novgorod)">Peterhof</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(<a href="/wiki/Veliky_Novgorod" title="Veliky Novgorod">Novgorod</a>)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vitten</i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falsterbo" title="Falsterbo">Falsterbo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malm%C3%B6" title="Malmö">Malmö</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Factories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/King%27s_Lynn" title="King's Lynn">Bishop's Lynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bristol" title="Bristol">Bristol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boston,_Lincolnshire" title="Boston, Lincolnshire">Boston</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Port_of_Ipswich" title="Port of Ipswich">Ipswich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaunas" title="Kaunas">Kaunas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leith" title="Leith">Leith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herford" title="Herford">Herford</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingston_upon_Hull" title="Kingston upon Hull">Hull</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Newcastle_upon_Tyne" title="Newcastle upon Tyne">Newcastle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polotsk" title="Polotsk">Polotsk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pskov_Republic" title="Pskov Republic">Pskov</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Yarmouth" title="Great Yarmouth">Yarmouth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/York" title="York">York</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="padding:0.2em 0.4em 0.4em;line-height:1.25em;"><div><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> <a href="/wiki/Cologne" title="Cologne">Cologne</a> and <a href="/wiki/Dortmund" title="Dortmund">Dortmund</a> were both chief city of the Westphalian Quarter at different times.</li><li><sup><small>2</small></sup> The kontor was moved to <a href="/wiki/Antwerp" title="Antwerp">Antwerp</a> once <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bruges</a> became inaccessible due to the silting of the <a href="/wiki/Zwin" title="Zwin">Zwin</a> channel.</li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12994#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12994#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12994#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/134392543">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1204513/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4069688-1">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79018880">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949874m">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11949874m">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Bruggy (Belgie)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130511&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=183168">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=494/12153">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007554806505171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/5751a645-3c3b-4efa-8f4c-f4ea4a437815">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02746329X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10045071">NARA</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruges&oldid=1260350528">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bruges&oldid=1260350528</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Bruges" title="Category:Bruges">Bruges</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Municipalities_of_West_Flanders" title="Category:Municipalities of West Flanders">Municipalities of West Flanders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_in_Belgium" title="Category:Port cities and towns in Belgium">Port cities and towns in Belgium</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Port_cities_and_towns_of_the_North_Sea" title="Category:Port cities and towns of the North Sea">Port cities and towns of the North Sea</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Provincial_capitals_of_Flanders" title="Category:Provincial capitals of Flanders">Provincial capitals of Flanders</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Trading_posts_of_the_Hanseatic_League" title="Category:Trading posts of the Hanseatic League">Trading posts of the Hanseatic League</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_Heritage_Sites_in_Belgium" title="Category:World Heritage Sites in Belgium">World Heritage Sites in Belgium</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_the_Phonos_extension" title="Category:Pages using the Phonos extension">Pages using the Phonos extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="Category:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li><li><a 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