CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="id" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Tumbuhan - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )idwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t.",".\t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","Januari","Februari","Maret","April","Mei","Juni","Juli","Agustus","September","Oktober","November","Desember"],"wgRequestId":"e3948bb5-1f76-456b-94b4-48d6a461a8e2","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Tumbuhan","wgTitle":"Tumbuhan","wgCurRevisionId":26468112,"wgRevisionId":26468112,"wgArticleId":3070,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis","Templat webarchive tautan wayback","Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images","Artikel dengan format mikro 'spesies'","Halaman dengan automatic taxobox yang tidak memanggil butir Wikidata","Artikel dengan parameter tanggal yang tidak valid pada templat","All articles containing potentially dated statements","Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list","Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit", "Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif","Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA","Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC","Articles containing potentially dated statements from Juli 2011","Tumbuhan","Eukariota","Makhluk hidup"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"id","wgPageContentLanguage":"id","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Tumbuhan","wgRelevantArticleId":3070,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":2}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{ "pageLanguageCode":"id","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"id"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":20000,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q756","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.charinsert-styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready", "mediawiki.page.gallery.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.watchlist-notice","ext.gadget.charinsert","ext.gadget.refToolbar","ext.gadget.AdvancedSiteNotices","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Bagikan","ext.gadget.CurIDLink","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging", "ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cmediawiki.page.gallery.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=ext.gadget.charinsert-styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=id&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/1200px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="904"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/800px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="603"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/640px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="482"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Tumbuhan - Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Sunting" href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (id)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//id.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.id"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Umpan Atom Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Tumbuhan rootpage-Tumbuhan skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Lompat ke isi</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Menu utama" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menu utama" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menu utama</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Menu utama</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigasi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" title="Kunjungi Halaman Utama [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Halaman Utama</span></a></li><li id="n-Daftar-isi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Isi"><span>Daftar isi</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terbaru" title="Daftar perubahan terbaru dalam wiki. [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Perubahan terbaru</span></a></li><li id="n-Artikel-pilihan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Artikel_pilihan/Topik"><span>Artikel pilihan</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Peristiwa_terkini" title="Temukan informasi tentang peristiwa terkini"><span>Peristiwa terkini</span></a></li><li id="n-newpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_baru"><span>Halaman baru</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_sembarang" title="Tampilkan sembarang halaman [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Halaman sembarang</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Halaman_istimewa"><span>Halaman istimewa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Komunitas" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Komunitas" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Komunitas </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-Warung-Kopi" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Warung_Kopi"><span>Warung Kopi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Komunitas" title="Tentang proyek, apa yang dapat Anda lakukan, di mana untuk mencari sesuatu"><span>Portal komunitas</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Isi" title="Tempat mencari bantuan."><span>Bantuan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Wikipedia" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Wikipedia" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Wikipedia </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Perihal"><span>Tentang Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-Pancapilar" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pancapilar"><span>Pancapilar</span></a></li><li id="n-Kebijakan" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Kebijakan_dan_pedoman"><span>Kebijakan</span></a></li><li id="n-Hubungi-kami" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hubungi_kami"><span>Hubungi kami</span></a></li><li id="n-Bak-pasir" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bak_pasir"><span>Bak pasir</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Bagikan" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Bagikan emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Bagikan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Halaman_Utama" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Ensiklopedia Bebas" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-id.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pencarian" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia" aria-label="Telusuri Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Cari di Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Perkakas pribadi"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tampilan" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tampilan</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id" class=""><span>Menyumbang</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tumbuhan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan" class=""><span>Buat akun baru</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tumbuhan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Masuk log</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Opsi lainnya" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas pribadi" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas pribadi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="Menu pengguna" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=id.wikipedia.org&uselang=id"><span>Menyumbang</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buat_akun&returnto=Tumbuhan" title="Anda dianjurkan untuk membuat akun dan masuk log; meskipun, hal itu tidak diwajibkan"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Buat akun baru</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Masuk_log&returnto=Tumbuhan" title="Anda disarankan untuk masuk log, meskipun hal itu tidak diwajibkan. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Masuk log</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Halaman penyunting yang telah keluar log <a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengantar" aria-label="Pelajari lebih lanjut tentang menyunting"><span>pelajari lebih lanjut</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Kontribusi_saya" title="Daftar suntingan yang dibuat dari alamat IP ini [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Kontribusi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pembicaraan_saya" title="Pembicaraan tentang suntingan dari alamat IP ini [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Situs"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Daftar isi" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Daftar isi</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Awal</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Batasan" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Batasan"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Batasan</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Batasan-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Gulingkan subbagian Batasan</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Batasan-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Definisi_Plantae_saat_ini" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Definisi_Plantae_saat_ini"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Definisi Plantae saat ini</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Definisi_Plantae_saat_ini-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Status_alga" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Status_alga"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Status alga</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Status_alga-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ciri-ciri_khas" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ciri-ciri_khas"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ciri-ciri khas</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ciri-ciri_khas-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Galeri" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Galeri"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Galeri</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Galeri-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lihat_pula" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lihat_pula"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Lihat pula</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lihat_pula-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Referensi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Referensi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Referensi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Referensi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pranala_luar" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pranala_luar"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Pranala luar</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pranala_luar-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Daftar Isi" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumbuhan</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Pergi ke artikel dalam bahasa lain. Terdapat 234 bahasa" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-234" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">234 bahasa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D2%B5%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B0%D2%9B%D3%99%D0%B0" title="Аҵиаақәа – Abkhaz" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Аҵиаақәа" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="Abkhaz" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peunula" title="Peunula – Aceh" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Peunula" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Aceh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanzen" title="Pflanzen – Jerman (Swiss)" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Pflanzen" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jerman (Swiss)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A0%E1%89%B5%E1%8A%AD%E1%88%8D%E1%89%B5" title="አትክልት – Amharik" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="አትክልት" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Aragon" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ang mw-list-item"><a href="https://ang.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Inggris Kuno" lang="ang" hreflang="ang" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Ænglisc" data-language-local-name="Inggris Kuno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ænglisc</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="पौधा – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="पौधा" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبات – Arab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نبات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D8%B4%D8%A8%D8%A9" title="عشبة – Arab Maroko" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="عشبة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Arab Maroko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نبات – Arab Mesir" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نبات" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Arab Mesir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-as mw-list-item"><a href="https://as.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="উদ্ভিদ – Assam" lang="as" hreflang="as" data-title="উদ্ভিদ" data-language-autonym="অসমীয়া" data-language-local-name="Assam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>অসমীয়া</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali" title="Ali – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="Ali" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aymar aru</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitkil%C9%99r" title="Bitkilər – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Bitkilər" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%DA%A9%DB%8C" title="بیتکی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="بیتکی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AB%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D3%99%D1%80" title="Үҫемлектәр – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Үҫемлектәр" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanduran" title="Tetanduran – Bali" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Tetanduran" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Bali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Bali</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanzna" title="Pflanzna – Bavaria" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Pflanzna" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augal%C4%81" title="Augalā – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Augalā" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tinanom" title="Tinanom – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Tinanom" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Расліны – Belarusia" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Расліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8C%D0%BB%D1%96%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Расьліны – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Расьліны" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuan" title="Tumbuan – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Tumbuan" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Betawi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Растения – Bulgaria" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Растения" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%BE" title="पौधा – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="पौधा" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bjn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bjn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan – Banjar" lang="bjn" hreflang="bjn" data-title="Tumbuhan" data-language-autonym="Banjar" data-language-local-name="Banjar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Banjar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A6" title="উদ্ভিদ – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উদ্ভিদ" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – Bosnia" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Ургамал" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantes" title="Plantes – Katalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Plantes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Katalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C4%81u-m%C5%ADk" title="Chāu-mŭk – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Chāu-mŭk" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%88" title="Ораматаш – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Ораматаш" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanom" title="Tanom – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tanom" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-chr mw-list-item"><a href="https://chr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8E%A6%E1%8E%AA%E1%8F%98" title="ᎦᎪᏘ – Cherokee" lang="chr" hreflang="chr" data-title="ᎦᎪᏘ" data-language-autonym="ᏣᎳᎩ" data-language-local-name="Cherokee" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᏣᎳᎩ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%95%D9%88%DB%95%DA%A9" title="ڕوەک – Kurdi Sorani" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ڕوەک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdi Sorani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Korsika" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Korsika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Corsu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – Ceko" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Ceko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%B2%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%C4%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD" title="Ӳсентăран – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ӳсентăран" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planhigyn" title="Planhigyn – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Planhigyn" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planter" title="Planter – Dansk" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Planter" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Dansk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pflanze" title="Pflanze – Jerman" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Pflanze" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nebat" title="Nebat – Dimli" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Nebat" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Dimli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – Sorbia Hilir" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hilir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dtp mw-list-item"><a href="https://dtp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susumuni" title="Susumuni – Central Dusun" lang="dtp" hreflang="dtp" data-title="Susumuni" data-language-autonym="Kadazandusun" data-language-local-name="Central Dusun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kadazandusun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>डोटेली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%8E%DE%A6%DE%90%DE%B0" title="ގަސް – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="ގަސް" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ދިވެހިބަސް</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A6%CF%85%CF%84%CF%8C" title="Φυτό – Yunani" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Φυτό" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Yunani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Inggris" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Inggris" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="artikel bagus"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantoj" title="Plantoj – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Plantoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Spanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taimed" title="Taimed – Estonia" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Taimed" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landare" title="Landare – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Landare" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Estremeñu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87" title="گیاه – Persia" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="گیاه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasvit" title="Kasvit – Suomi" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kasvit" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Suomi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasv" title="Kasv – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Kasv" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fj mw-list-item"><a href="https://fj.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tea" title="Tea – Fiji" lang="fj" hreflang="fj" data-title="Tea" data-language-autonym="Na Vosa Vakaviti" data-language-local-name="Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Na Vosa Vakaviti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantur" title="Plantur – Faroe" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Plantur" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Prancis" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Prancis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaanten" title="Plaanten – Frisia Utara" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Plaanten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Utara" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantis" title="Plantis – Friuli" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Plantis" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friuli" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – Frisia Barat" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisia Barat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planda" title="Planda – Irlandia" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Planda" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus" title="Lus – Gaelik Skotlandia" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="Lus" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Gaelik Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gàidhlig</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Galisia" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galisia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ka%27avo" title="Ka'avo – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Ka'avo" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lus" title="Lus – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Lus" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuka" title="Shuka – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Shuka" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chh%E1%B9%B3%CC%8Dt-vu%CC%8Dt" title="Chhṳ̍t-vu̍t – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Chhṳ̍t-vu̍t" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%9E%D7%97" title="צומח – Ibrani" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="צומח" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A4%AA" title="पादप – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="पादप" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paudha" title="Paudha – Hindi Fiji" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Paudha" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Hindi Fiji" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – Kroasia" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostliny" title="Rostliny – Sorbia Hulu" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Rostliny" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbia Hulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Kreol Haiti" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Kreol Haiti" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%B6v%C3%A9nyek" title="Növények – Hungaria" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Növények" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungaria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B5%D5%BD%D5%A5%D6%80" title="Բույսեր – Armenia" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բույսեր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iba mw-list-item"><a href="https://iba.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utai_tumbuh" title="Utai tumbuh – Iban" lang="iba" hreflang="iba" data-title="Utai tumbuh" data-language-autonym="Jaku Iban" data-language-local-name="Iban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jaku Iban</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ig mw-list-item"><a href="https://ig.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osisi" title="Osisi – Igbo" lang="ig" hreflang="ig" data-title="Osisi" data-language-autonym="Igbo" data-language-local-name="Igbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Igbo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ik mw-list-item"><a href="https://ik.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nauriaq" title="Nauriaq – Inupiak" lang="ik" hreflang="ik" data-title="Nauriaq" data-language-autonym="Iñupiatun" data-language-local-name="Inupiak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Iñupiatun</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mula" title="Mula – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Mula" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-inh mw-list-item"><a href="https://inh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B0%D1%8C%D1%86%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B3%D3%80%D0%B0%D1%88" title="БаьцовгӀаш – Ingushetia" lang="inh" hreflang="inh" data-title="БаьцовгӀаш" data-language-autonym="ГӀалгӀай" data-language-local-name="Ingushetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ГӀалгӀай</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planto" title="Planto – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Planto" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jurt" title="Jurt – Islandia" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jurt" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Islandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Italia" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-iu mw-list-item"><a href="https://iu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%90%B1%E1%95%88%E1%96%85%E1%91%90%E1%96%85" title="ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ – Inuktitut" lang="iu" hreflang="iu" data-title="ᐱᕈᖅᑐᖅ" data-language-autonym="ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut" data-language-local-name="Inuktitut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ᐃᓄᒃᑎᑐᑦ / inuktitut</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Jepang" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Jepang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaant_(Chrii)" title="Plaant (Chrii) – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Plaant (Chrii)" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/spati" title="spati – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="spati" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>La .lojban.</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetuwuhan" title="Tetuwuhan – Jawa" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetuwuhan" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jawa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%94%E1%83%91%E1%83%98" title="მცენარეები – Georgia" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მცენარეები" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%93simlikler" title="Ósimlikler – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Ósimlikler" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Im%C9%A3i" title="Imɣi – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Imɣi" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%8A%D1%8D%D0%BA%D3%80%D1%8B%D0%B3%D1%8A%D1%8D%D1%85%D1%8D%D1%80" title="КъэкӀыгъэхэр – Kabardi" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="КъэкӀыгъэхэр" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Адыгэбзэ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suu" title="Suu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Suu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kcg mw-list-item"><a href="https://kcg.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%CC%B1tyin_(a%CC%B1ga%CC%B1fi%CC%B1p)" title="A̱tyin (a̱ga̱fi̱p) – Tyap" lang="kcg" hreflang="kcg" data-title="A̱tyin (a̱ga̱fi̱p)" data-language-autonym="Tyap" data-language-local-name="Tyap" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tyap</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C4%A9mera" title="Mĩmera – Kikuyu" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Mĩmera" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="Kikuyu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D3%A8%D1%81%D1%96%D0%BC%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Өсімдіктер – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Өсімдіктер" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%BB%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%81%E1%9E%87%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9E%B7" title="រុក្ខជាតិ – Khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រុក្ខជាតិ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="Khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%B8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ಸಸ್ಯ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಸಸ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%8B%9D%EB%AC%BC" title="식물 – Korea" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="식물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korea" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ks mw-list-item"><a href="https://ks.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%A9%D9%8F%D9%84%D8%A0_%DA%A9%D9%94%D9%B9%D8%A0" title="کُلؠ کٔٹؠ – Kashmir" lang="ks" hreflang="ks" data-title="کُلؠ کٔٹؠ" data-language-autonym="कॉशुर / کٲشُر" data-language-local-name="Kashmir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>कॉशुर / کٲشُر</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riwek" title="Riwek – Kurdi" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Riwek" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plans" title="Plans – Kornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Plans" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Kornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planzer%C3%A4ich" title="Planzeräich – Luksemburg" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Planzeräich" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luksemburg" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lbe mw-list-item"><a href="https://lbe.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D1%85%D1%8F%D1%85%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Ххяххия – Lak" lang="lbe" hreflang="lbe" data-title="Ххяххия" data-language-autonym="Лакку" data-language-local-name="Lak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лакку</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82" title="Набатат – Lezghia" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Набатат" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Limburgia" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Liguria" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Liguria" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/Et%C9%94%C9%9Bl%C9%9B" title="Etɔɛlɛ – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="Etɔɛlɛ" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingála</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augalai" title="Augalai – Lituania" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Augalai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ltg mw-list-item"><a href="https://ltg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auguoji" title="Auguoji – Latgalian" lang="ltg" hreflang="ltg" data-title="Auguoji" data-language-autonym="Latgaļu" data-language-local-name="Latgalian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latgaļu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Augi" title="Augi – Latvia" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Augi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanduran" title="Tanduran – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="Tanduran" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Basa Banyumasan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Кушкыл – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Кушкыл" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Олык марий</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuahan" title="Tumbuahan – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Tumbuahan" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Растенија – Makedonia" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Растенија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Makedonia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B8%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="സസ്യം – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="സസ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0%D0%BB" title="Ургамал – Mongolia" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Ургамал" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%84%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%9D%EA%AF%95%EA%AF%A4_%EA%AF%80%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%A1%EA%AF%82%EA%AF%A8%EA%AF%9E" title="ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯄꯥꯝꯕꯤ ꯀꯥꯡꯂꯨꯞ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mnw mw-list-item"><a href="https://mnw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%90%E1%81%9E%E1%80%B6" title="တၞံ – Mon" lang="mnw" hreflang="mnw" data-title="တၞံ" data-language-autonym="ဘာသာမန်" data-language-local-name="Mon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ဘာသာမန်</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%80" title="वनस्पती – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="वनस्पती" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%83%D1%88%D0%BA%D1%8B%D1%88" title="Кушкыш – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Кушкыш" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Tumbuhan – Melayu" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tumbuhan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Melayu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planta" title="Planta – Miranda" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Planta" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Miranda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%95%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA" title="အပင် – Burma" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အပင်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BA%D1%81%D1%82" title="Касыкст – Eryza" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Касыкст" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Eryza" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Эрзянь</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%88%D9%86" title="گیاهون – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="گیاهون" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مازِرونی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cuauhtontli" title="Cuauhtontli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Cuauhtontli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C3%A6" title="Plantæ – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Plantæ" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – Jerman Rendah" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Jerman Rendah" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaanten" title="Plaanten – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Plaanten" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A8%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF" title="वनस्पति – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="वनस्पति" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AE%E0%A4%BE_(%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%9F%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%80)" title="मा (बोट्यानी) – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="मा (बोट्यानी)" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planten" title="Planten – Belanda" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Planten" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Belanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantar" title="Plantar – Nynorsk Norwegia" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Plantar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Nynorsk Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planter" title="Planter – Bokmål Norwegia" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Planter" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Bokmål Norwegia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nrm mw-list-item"><a href="https://nrm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pliante" title="Pliante – Norman" lang="nrf" hreflang="nrf" data-title="Pliante" data-language-autonym="Nouormand" data-language-local-name="Norman" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nouormand</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Ositania" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazvi" title="Kazvi – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Kazvi" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Livvinkarjala</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biqilaa" title="Biqilaa – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="Biqilaa" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oromoo</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%89%E0%AC%A6%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BF%E0%AC%A6" title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ – Oriya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଉଦ୍ଭିଦ" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Oriya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B9%C3%A6%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%82%C3%A6" title="Зайæгойтæ – Ossetia" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Зайæгойтæ" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE" title="ਪੌਦਾ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਪੌਦਾ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman" title="Tanaman – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Tanaman" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plaant" title="Plaant – Pitcairn-Norfolk" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="Plaant" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Pitcairn-Norfolk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norfuk / Pitkern</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ro%C5%9Bliny" title="Rośliny – Polski" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Rośliny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polski" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piante" title="Piante – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Piante" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%B9%DB%92" title="بوٹے – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بوٹے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%BC%DB%8C" title="بوټی – Pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بوټی" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Portugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yura" title="Yura – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Yura" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C4%83" title="Plantă – Rumania" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Plantă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Rumania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%C3%A2" title="Plantâ – Aromania" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="Plantâ" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Armãneashti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-tara mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-tara.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regnum_Plantae" title="Regnum Plantae – Tarantino" lang="nap-x-tara" hreflang="nap-x-tara" data-title="Regnum Plantae" data-language-autonym="Tarandíne" data-language-local-name="Tarantino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tarandíne</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Растения – Rusia" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Растения" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rusia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Ростлины – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Ростлины" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ikimera" title="Ikimera – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Ikimera" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ikinyarwanda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%A7%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%83" title="ओषधयः – Sanskerta" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="ओषधयः" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskerta" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>संस्कृतम्</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D2%AF%D0%BD%D1%8D%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%B8%D0%BB%D1%8D%D1%80" title="Үүнээйилэр – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Үүнээйилэр" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Sardinia" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Sisilia" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisilia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Skotlandia" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Skotlandia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BB%D9%88%D9%BD%D8%A7" title="ٻوٽا – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ٻوٽا" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biljke" title="Biljke – Serbo-Kroasia" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Biljke" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Kroasia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%8F%E0%B6%9A" title="ශාක – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="ශාක" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant" title="Plant – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Plant" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastliny" title="Rastliny – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Rastliny" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rastline" title="Rastline – Slovenia" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Rastline" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madzinde" title="Madzinde – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Madzinde" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dhir" title="Dhir – Somalia" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="Dhir" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somalia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Soomaaliga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bim%C3%ABt" title="Bimët – Albania" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Bimët" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albania" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%99%D0%BA%D0%B5" title="Биљке – Serbia" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Биљке" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timila" title="Timila – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Timila" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-st mw-list-item"><a href="https://st.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimela" title="Dimela – Sotho Selatan" lang="st" hreflang="st" data-title="Dimela" data-language-autonym="Sesotho" data-language-local-name="Sotho Selatan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sesotho</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-stq mw-list-item"><a href="https://stq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plonten" title="Plonten – Saterland Frisian" lang="stq" hreflang="stq" data-title="Plonten" data-language-autonym="Seeltersk" data-language-local-name="Saterland Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Seeltersk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tutuwuhan" title="Tutuwuhan – Sunda" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Tutuwuhan" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sunda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A4xtriket" title="Växtriket – Swedia" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Växtriket" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mmea" title="Mmea – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Mmea" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%B9eliny" title="Źeliny – Silesia" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Źeliny" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ślůnski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/mulangaway" title="mulangaway – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="mulangaway" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sakizaya</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="தாவரம் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தாவரம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tay mw-list-item"><a href="https://tay.wikipedia.org/wiki/qqhuniq_ru_kk%E2%80%99man" title="qqhuniq ru kk’man – Atayal" lang="tay" hreflang="tay" data-title="qqhuniq ru kk’man" data-language-autonym="Tayal" data-language-local-name="Atayal" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tayal</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AE%E0%B1%8A%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%95" title="మొక్క – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="మొక్క" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B8%D1%91%D2%B3" title="Гиёҳ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Гиёҳ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%B7%E0%B8%8A" title="พืช – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พืช" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96s%C3%BCmlikler" title="Ösümlikler – Turkmen" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Ösümlikler" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="Turkmen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halaman" title="Halaman – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Halaman" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBAkau" title="ʻAkau – Tonga" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻAkau" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tonga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lea faka-Tonga</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tpi mw-list-item"><a href="https://tpi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayor" title="Sayor – Tok Pisin" lang="tpi" hreflang="tpi" data-title="Sayor" data-language-autonym="Tok Pisin" data-language-local-name="Tok Pisin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tok Pisin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitki" title="Bitki – Turki" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bitki" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%AE%D1%81%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BA%D0%BB%D3%99%D1%80" title="Үсемлекләр – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Үсемлекләр" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tum mw-list-item"><a href="https://tum.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vyakumela" title="Vyakumela – Tumbuka" lang="tum" hreflang="tum" data-title="Vyakumela" data-language-autonym="ChiTumbuka" data-language-local-name="Tumbuka" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiTumbuka</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81" title="Будос – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Будос" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Удмурт</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%86%D8%B3%DB%88%D9%85%D9%84%DB%88%D9%83" title="ئۆسۈملۈك – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئۆسۈملۈك" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8" title="Рослини – Ukraina" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Рослини" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukraina" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="نباتات – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="نباتات" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%CA%BBsimliklar" title="Oʻsimliklar – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Oʻsimliklar" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ve mw-list-item"><a href="https://ve.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tshimela" title="Tshimela – Venda" lang="ve" hreflang="ve" data-title="Tshimela" data-language-autonym="Tshivenda" data-language-local-name="Venda" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tshivenda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantae" title="Plantae – Venesia" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Plantae" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venesia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazmused" title="Kazmused – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kazmused" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Th%E1%BB%B1c_v%E1%BA%ADt" title="Thực vật – Vietnam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Thực vật" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantn" title="Plantn – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Plantn" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wa mw-list-item"><a href="https://wa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plante" title="Plante – Walloon" lang="wa" hreflang="wa" data-title="Plante" data-language-autonym="Walon" data-language-local-name="Walloon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Walon</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanaman" title="Tanaman – Warai" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tanaman" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Warai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%A0ncax" title="Gàncax – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Gàncax" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Wolof</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Wu Tionghoa" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xh mw-list-item"><a href="https://xh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isityalo" title="Isityalo – Xhosa" lang="xh" hreflang="xh" data-title="Isityalo" data-language-autonym="IsiXhosa" data-language-local-name="Xhosa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiXhosa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A9%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%A4%E1%83%98" title="ჩანარეფი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჩანარეფი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%9C%D7%90%D7%A0%D7%A5" title="פלאנץ – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="פלאנץ" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%BB%8C%CC%80gb%C3%ACn" title="Ọ̀gbìn – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Ọ̀gbìn" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doenghgo" title="Doenghgo – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Doenghgo" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant%27n" title="Plant'n – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Plant'n" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Tionghoa" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Tionghoa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>文言</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%CC%8Dt-bu%CC%8Dt" title="Si̍t-bu̍t – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Si̍t-bu̍t" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%A4%8D%E7%89%A9" title="植物 – Kanton" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="植物" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Kanton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izitshalo" title="Izitshalo – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="Izitshalo" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>IsiZulu</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Sunting pranala interwiki" class="wbc-editpage">Sunting pranala</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Ruang nama"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan" title="Lihat halaman isi [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Halaman</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan:Tumbuhan" rel="discussion" title="Pembicaraan halaman isi [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Pembicaraan</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Ubah varian bahasa" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Bahasa Indonesia</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=history" title="Revisi sebelumnya dari halaman ini. [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Perkakas" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Perkakas</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Perkakas</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Opsi lainnya" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Tindakan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan"><span>Baca</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit" title="Sunting halaman ini [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Sunting</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit" title="Sunting kode sumber halaman ini [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Sunting sumber</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=history"><span>Lihat riwayat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Umum </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Pranala_balik/Tumbuhan" title="Daftar semua halaman wiki yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Pranala balik</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Perubahan_terkait/Tumbuhan" rel="nofollow" title="Perubahan terbaru halaman-halaman yang memiliki pranala ke halaman ini [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Perubahan terkait</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&oldid=26468112" title="Pranala permanen untuk revisi halaman ini"><span>Pranala permanen</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=info" title="Informasi lanjut tentang halaman ini"><span>Informasi halaman</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Kutip&page=Tumbuhan&id=26468112&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informasi tentang bagaimana mengutip halaman ini"><span>Kutip halaman ini</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTumbuhan"><span>Lihat URL pendek</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fid.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FTumbuhan"><span>Unduh kode QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Cetak/ekspor </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:Buku&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Tumbuhan"><span>Buat buku</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Istimewa:DownloadAsPdf&page=Tumbuhan&action=show-download-screen"><span>Unduh versi PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&printable=yes" title="Versi cetak halaman ini [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versi cetak</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Dalam proyek lain </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plant" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-species mw-list-item"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae" hreflang="en"><span>Wikispesies</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q756" title="Pranala untuk menghubungkan butir pada ruang penyimpanan data [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Butir di Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Peralatan halaman"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Tampilan"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tampilan</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">pindah ke bilah sisi</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">sembunyikan</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Dari Wikipedia bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="id" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18844875">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Nabati" beralih ke halaman ini. Untuk perusahaan makanan ringan, lihat <a href="/wiki/Kaldu_Sari_Nabati" title="Kaldu Sari Nabati">Kaldu Sari Nabati</a>.</div> <p>Dalam <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>, <b>Tumbuhan</b> adalah <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">eukariota</a> <a href="/wiki/Organisme_multiseluler" title="Organisme multiseluler">multiseluler</a> yang tergolong ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">kerajaan</a> <a href="/wiki/Plantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Plantae">Plantae</a>. Di dalamnya terdiri atas beberapa <a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">klad</a> yakni, <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbunga" title="Tumbuhan berbunga">tanaman berbunga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a> atau <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji_terbuka" title="Tumbuhan berbiji terbuka">Tumbuhan berbiji terbuka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiopsida" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycopodiopsida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paku-pakuan" class="mw-redirect" title="Paku-pakuan">paku-pakuan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumut" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Lumut">lumut</a>, serta sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">alga hijau</a>. </p> <table class="infobox biota" style="text-align: left; width: 200px; font-size: 100%"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Tetumbuhan<br /><div style="font-size: 85%;">Rentang waktu: <span class="noprint"><span style="display:inline-block;"></span><span style="display:inline-block;">Mesoproterozoikum – saat ini</span> <span style="display:inline-block;"></span><div id="Timeline-row" style="margin: 4px auto 0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:18px; overflow:visible; border:1px #666; border-style:solid none; font-size:small; position:relative; z-index:0;"> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(153,192,141); left:220.3317371589px; width:15.928901267087px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(103,197,202); left:236.26063842598px; width:10.153990326614px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(242,249,29); left:246.4146287526px; width:3.5853712474027px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(154,217,221); left:220.3317371589px; width:28.573492994568px;"><a href="/wiki/Fanerozoikum" title="Fanerozoikum"><span style="color:black;">Fa.</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,67,112); left:113.1537691831px; width:49.264643094082px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(253,180,98); left:162.41841227719px; width:32.843095396055px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(254,179,66); left:195.26150767324px; width:25.070229485655px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,53,99); left:113.1537691831px; width:107.17796797579px;"><a href="/wiki/Proterozoikum" title="Proterozoikum"><span style="color:black;">Proterozoikum</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(218,3,127); left:41.993729158319px; width:10.947698465352px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(244,68,159); left:52.941427623671px; width:21.895396930703px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(247,104,169); left:74.836824554374px; width:21.895396930703px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(249,155,193); left:96.732221485077px; width:16.421547698027px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(240,4,127); left:41.993729158319px; width:71.160040024786px;"><a href="/wiki/Arkaikum" title="Arkaikum"><span style="color:black;">Arkaikum</span></a></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:12px; top:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:41.993729158319px;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; text-align:center; background-color:rgb(174,2,126); left:0px; width:41.993729158319px;"><a href="/wiki/Hadaikum" title="Hadaikum"><span style="color:white;">Had.</span></a></div> <div id="end-border" style="position:absolute; height:100%; background-color:#666; width:1px; left:249px"></div><div style="margin:0 auto; line-height:0; clear:both; width:250px; padding:0px; height:8px; overflow:visible; background-color:transparent; position:relative; top:-4px; z-index:100;"><div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:162.41841227719px; width:87.581587722813px; background-color:#360; opacity:0.42;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:8px; left:162.41841227719px; width:87.581587722813px; background-color:#360; opacity:1;"></div> <div style="position:absolute; height:6px; top:1px; left:163.41841227719px; width:85.581587722813px; background-color:#6c3;"></div> </div> </div></span></div> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: center"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26810368/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tnone center"><div class="multiimageinner" style="width:262px;max-width:262px;border:none"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/127px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/191px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg/254px-Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1712" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbunga" title="Tumbuhan berbunga">Angiosperma</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:129px;max-width:129px"><div style="height:95px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Micrasterias_radiata.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Micrasterias_radiata.jpg/127px-Micrasterias_radiata.jpg" decoding="async" width="127" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Micrasterias_radiata.jpg/191px-Micrasterias_radiata.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/47/Micrasterias_radiata.jpg/254px-Micrasterias_radiata.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:146px;max-width:146px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg/144px-Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="144" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg/216px-Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg/288px-Climacium_dendroides_%E2%80%94_Flora_Batava_%E2%80%94_Volume_v9_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1392" data-file-height="1001" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Lumut_daun" title="Lumut daun">Lumut-lumutan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:112px;max-width:112px"><div style="height:103px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg/110px-Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="104" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg/165px-Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg/220px-Glaucocystis_nostochinearum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="438" data-file-height="413" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:132px;max-width:132px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_(extracted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg/130px-Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="130" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg/195px-Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a7/Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg/260px-Pinus_sylvestris_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-106_%28extracted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="544" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_runjung" title="Tumbuhan runjung">Konifer</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:126px;max-width:126px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Chondrus_crispus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-034_(single)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/06/Chondrus_crispus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-034_%28single%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/124px-Chondrus_crispus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-034_%28single%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="124" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Chondrus_crispus_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-034_%28single%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="173" data-file-height="243" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Alga_merah" title="Alga merah">Alga merah</a></div></div></div><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:136px;max-width:136px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg/134px-Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg" decoding="async" width="134" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg/201px-Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg/268px-Dryopteris_filix-mas_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-202.jpg 2x" data-file-width="459" data-file-height="594" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku">Paku-pakuan</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:122px;max-width:122px"><div style="height:173px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_(extracted).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg/120px-Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="174" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg/180px-Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6b/Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg/240px-Lycopodium_clavatum_-_K%C3%B6hler%E2%80%93s_Medizinal-Pflanzen-219_%28extracted%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="377" data-file-height="548" /></a></span></div><div><a href="/wiki/Lycophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycophyta">Lycophyta</a></div></div></div></div></div> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="min-width:15em; text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_(biologi)" title="Taksonomi (biologi)">Klasifikasi ilmiah</a> <span class="plainlinks taxobox-edit-taxonomy skin-invert" style="font-size:smaller; float:right; padding-right:0.4em; margin-left:-3em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Taxonomy/Plantae" title="Sunting klasifikasi ini"><img alt="Sunting klasifikasi ini" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/23px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></span> </th></tr> <tr> <td>Domain: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Klad</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Klad</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/CAM_(klad)" title="CAM (klad)">CAM</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i>Klad</i>: </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Kerajaan: </td> <td><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae</a><br /><small><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Copeland" title="Herbert Copeland">H.F.Copel.</a>, 1956</small> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)">Divisi </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kepunahan" title="Kepunahan">†</a><b><a href="/wiki/Nematophyta" title="Nematophyta">Nematophyta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palmophyllales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palmophyllales (halaman belum tersedia)">Palmophyllales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasinophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasinophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Prasinophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nephroselmidophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nephroselmidophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Nephroselmidophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pseudoscourfieldiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pseudoscourfieldiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Pseudoscourfieldiales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pyramimonadophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pyramimonadophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Pyramimonadophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mamiellophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mamiellophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Mamiellophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Scourfieldiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Scourfieldiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Scourfieldiales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pedinophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pedinophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Pedinophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorodendrophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorodendrophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Chlorodendrophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trebouxiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trebouxiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Trebouxiophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ulvophyceae" title="Ulvophyceae">Ulvophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorophyceae">Chlorophyceae</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a> s.l.</b> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorokybophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorokybophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Chlorokybophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesostigmatophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesostigmatophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesostigmatophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klebsormidiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klebsormidiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Klebsormidiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a> (<i>stonewort</i>)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaetosphaeridiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaetosphaeridiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Chaetosphaeridiales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleochaetophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleochaetophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Coleochaetophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> (tumbuhan darat)</li></ul></li></ul> </td></tr> <tr> <th colspan="2" style="text-align: center; background-color: rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Sinonim_(taksonomi)" title="Sinonim (taksonomi)">Sinonim</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="text-align: left"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a> <small>Cavalier-Smith 1981</small><sup id="cite_ref-CavalierSmith1981_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CavalierSmith1981-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chlorobionta <small>Jeffrey 1982, emend. Bremer 1985, emend. Lewis and McCourt 2004</small><sup id="cite_ref-LewisMcCourt_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-LewisMcCourt-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chlorobiota <small>Kenrick and Crane 1997</small><sup id="cite_ref-KenrickCrane1997_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KenrickCrane1997-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Chloroplastida <small>Adl et al., 2005 </small><sup id="cite_ref-Adl_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Adl-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Phyta <small>Barkley 1939 emed. Holt & Uidica 2007</small></li> <li>Cormophyta <small>Endlicher, 1836</small></li> <li>Cormobionta <small>Rothmaler, 1948</small></li> <li>Euplanta <small>Barkley, 1949</small></li> <li>Telomobionta <small>Takhtajan, 1964</small></li> <li>Embryobionta <small>Cronquist et al., 1966</small></li> <li>Metaphyta <small>Whittaker, 1969</small></li></ul> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <p>Tanaman hijau memiliki dinding sel yang kokoh mengandung <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a>. Tanaman hijau termasuk dalam kategori autotrof (mampu memproduksi makanan sendiri).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hampir semua anggota tumbuhan bersifat <i><a href="/wiki/Autotrof" title="Autotrof">autotrof</a></i>, yakni memproduksi energi sendiri dengan mengubah energi <a href="/wiki/Cahaya" title="Cahaya">cahaya</a> <a href="/wiki/Matahari" title="Matahari">matahari</a> melalui proses yang disebut <a href="/wiki/Fotosintesis" title="Fotosintesis">fotosintesis</a> dalam organel sel bernama <a href="/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas">kloroplas</a>. Karena warna hijau yang dominan pada anggota kerajaan ini, nama lain yang dipakai adalah <b>Viridiplantae</b> ("tumbuhan hijau"). Nama lainnya adalah <b>Metaphyta</b>. Namun ada juga tumbuhan yang bersifat parasit dan beberapa sudah tidak memiliki kemampuan fotosintesis dengan sedikit atau bahkan tanpa <a href="/wiki/Klorofil" title="Klorofil">klorofil</a>. Tanaman juga bisa dikarakterisasi dari cara mereka berkembang biak, kemampuan pertumbuhan, dan <a href="/wiki/Pergiliran_keturunan" title="Pergiliran keturunan">pergiliran keturunan</a>. </p><p>Tercatat sekitar 350.000 <a href="/wiki/Spesies" title="Spesies">spesies</a> organisme termasuk di dalamnya, tidak termasuk alga hijau. Dari jumlah itu, 258.650 jenis merupakan <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbunga" title="Tumbuhan berbunga">tumbuhan berbunga</a> dan 18.000 jenis <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut">tumbuhan lumut</a>. Tumbuhan hijau menghasilkan hampir seluruh molekul oksigen di muka bumi ini dan merupakan bagian terpenting dalam sistem ekologi bumi. Tumbuhan-tumbuhan yang sudah di <a href="/wiki/Domestikasi" title="Domestikasi">domestikasi</a> bisa menghasilkan biji, buah-buahan dan sayuran yang berguna sebagai bahan dasar pangan manusia. Selain itu tumbuhan juga digunakan sebagai tanaman hiasan dan banyak yang berkhasiat obat serta digunakan dalam ilmu <a href="/wiki/Medis" class="mw-redirect" title="Medis">medis</a>. Ilmu mengenai studi tanaman disebut <a href="/wiki/Botani" title="Botani">botani</a>, yakni salah satu cabang ilmu <a href="/wiki/Biologi" title="Biologi">biologi</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Batasan">Batasan</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Sunting bagian: Batasan" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=1" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Batasan"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Klasifikasi tumbuhan masa lalu memasukkan pula semua <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a> ("<a href="/wiki/Ganggang" class="mw-redirect" title="Ganggang">ganggang</a>") dan <a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">fungi</a> (cendawan, termasuk <a href="/wiki/Jamur_lendir" title="Jamur lendir">jamur lendir</a>, bahkan <a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">bakteri</a>), sebagai anggotanya. Batasan tumbuhan semacam ini dikenal sebagai tumbuhan dalam arti luas, yang kini dianggap sudah usang. </p><p>Kritik-kritik yang muncul membuat fungi dipisahkan dari tumbuhan. Meskipun tumbuh stasioner, fungi bersifat <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saprotrof&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saprotrof (halaman belum tersedia)">saprotrof</a></i>, mendapatkan energi dari sisa-sisa <a href="/wiki/Senyawa_organik" title="Senyawa organik">bahan organik</a>. Selain itu, <a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">dinding sel</a> fungi tidak tersusun dari <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a>, bahan yang menyusun dinding sel tumbuhan, tetapi tersusun dari <a href="/wiki/Kitin" title="Kitin">kitin</a>, yang malah kebanyakan dihasilkan <a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">hewan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Definisi_Plantae_saat_ini">Definisi Plantae saat ini</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Sunting bagian: Definisi Plantae saat ini" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=2" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Definisi Plantae saat ini"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ketika nama Plantae atau tumbuhan digunakan pada kelompok tertentu dari organisme atau <a href="/wiki/Takson" class="mw-redirect" title="Takson">takson</a>, itu umumnya mengacu pada satu dari empat konsep. Dari yang paling tidak inklusif sampai paling inklusif, keempat pengelompokan itu adalah: </p> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Nama </th> <th>Cakupan </th> <th>Penjelasan </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Tumbuhan darat</a>, juga disebut Embryophyta </td> <td>Plantae <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensu (halaman belum tersedia)">sensu strictissimo</a></i> </td> <td>Kelompok ini mencakup <a href="/wiki/Lumut_hati" title="Lumut hati">lumut hati</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumut_tanduk" title="Lumut tanduk">lumut tanduk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lumut_daun" title="Lumut daun">lumut daun</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berpembuluh" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh">tumbuhan berpembuluh</a>, dan juga tumbuhan fosil yang mirip dengan kelompok yang masih hidup (mis., Metaphyta <small>Whittaker, 1969</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-ib.usp.br_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib.usp.br-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plantae <small><a href="/wiki/Lynn_Margulis" title="Lynn Margulis">Margulis</a>, 1971</small><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><b>Tumbuhan hijau</b>, juga disebut <b><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a></b>, <b>Viridiphyta</b> atau <b>Chlorobionta</b> </td> <td>Plantae <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensu_stricto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensu stricto (halaman belum tersedia)">sensu stricto</a></i> </td> <td>Kelompok ini mencakup <a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">alga hijau</a>, dan tumbuhan darat yang muncul dari mereka, termasuk <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Stonewort&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stonewort (halaman belum tersedia)">stonewort</a></i>. Nama yang diberikan ke kelompok-kelompok ini berbeda-beda hingga Juli 2011<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. Viridiplantae mencakup kelompok organisme yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a> di <a href="/wiki/Dinding_sel" title="Dinding sel">dinding selnya</a>, memiliki <a href="/wiki/Klorofil" title="Klorofil">klorofil</a> <i>a</i> dan <i>b</i> dan memiliki <a href="/wiki/Plastida" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastida">plastida</a> yang dibatasi oleh hanya dua membran yang mampu menyimpan pati. Ini adalah <a href="/wiki/Klad" title="Klad">klad</a> yang menjadi subyek utama dari artikel ini (mis., Plantae <small><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Copeland" title="Herbert Copeland">Copeland</a>, 1956</small><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a>, Plastida atau Primoplantae </td> <td>Plantae <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensu_lato&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensu lato (halaman belum tersedia)">sensu lato</a></i> </td> <td>Kelompok ini mencakup tumbuhan hijau di atas ditambah <a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a> (alga merah) dan <a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a>. Klad ini mencakup organisme yang bereon-eon [dua eon, lihat periode di kanan atas halaman] lalu mendapatkan <a href="/wiki/Kloroplas" title="Kloroplas">kloroplasnya</a> langsung dengan memakan <a href="/wiki/Sianobakteri" title="Sianobakteri">sianobakteri</a> (mis., Plantae <small>Cavalier-Smith, 1981</small><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_sistem_taksonomi_tumbuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar sistem taksonomi tumbuhan (halaman belum tersedia)">Definisi lama tumbuhan</a> </td> <td>Plantae <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sensu&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sensu (halaman belum tersedia)">sensu amplo</a></i> </td> <td>Klasifikasi lama menempatkan alga, fungi atau bakteri yang beragam ke dalam Plantae (mis., Plantae atau Vegetabilia <small>Linnaeus</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plantae <small>Haeckel 1866</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Metaphyta <small>Haeckel, 1894</small>,<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Plantae <small>Whittaker, 1969</small><sup id="cite_ref-ib.usp.br_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ib.usp.br-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cara lain untuk melihat hubungan antara kelompok yang berbeda yang telah disebut "tumbuhan" yaitu melalui <a href="/wiki/Kladogram" title="Kladogram">kladogram</a>, yang menunjukkan hubungan evolusioner mereka. Sejarah evolusi dari tumbuhan belum sepenuh ya ditetapkan, tetapi satu hubungan yang diterima antara tiga kelompok yang dideskripsikan di atas ditunjukkan di bawah ini.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Yang telah disebut "tumbuhan" dicetak tebal. </p> <table border="0" style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0em;margin-right:0em;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>Archaeplastida</b> </span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 2px darkgreen; border-top: solid 2px darkgreen; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a>  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align:top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: solid 0px black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 2px darkgreen; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a> (alga merah)  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align:top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: solid 0px black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><b>Viridiplantae <small>= alga hijau + tumbuhan darat</small></b> </span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 2px darkgreen; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <p> <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a> (bagian alga hijau)  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align:top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a> </span></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: solid 0px black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 3px double black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 2px darkgreen; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 0px solid black;"> <p> alga streptophyta (bagian alga hijau)  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align:top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: solid 0px black;"> <table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0" style="width:100%;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="width: 1.5em; border-bottom: 1px solid black; border-left: 0; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 2px darkgreen; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: 2px solid darkgreen;"> <p> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Charales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charales (halaman belum tersedia)">Charales</a> (<i>stonewort</i>, sering dimasukkan <br />dalam alga hijau)  </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 0; vertical-align:top;"><br /> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="border-left: 1px solid black; border-top: 0; border-right: 0; border-bottom: 1px solid black; padding: 0 0.2em; vertical-align:bottom; text-align:center;"> <br /></td> <td rowspan="2" style="border: 0; padding: 0; border-right: solid 0px black; border-top: solid 0px black; border-bottom: solid 0px black;"> <p> <b>tumbuhan darat</b> atau <a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a> </p> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td style="vertical-align:top; border: 0; padding: 0;"><br /> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td><div style="position:relative;height:15em;width:0em"> <div style="position:absolute;top:5.5em;color:black;white-space:nowrap">kelompok yang secara tradisional disebut "alga"</div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Cara kelompok-kelompok alga hijau disatukan dan dinamai bervariasi di antara penulis. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Status_alga">Status alga</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Sunting bagian: Status alga" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=3" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Status alga"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/220px-Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="310" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/330px-Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg/440px-Haeckel_Siphoneae.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2346" data-file-height="3308" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">Alga hijau</a> dalam karya <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Haeckel" title="Ernst Haeckel">Ernst Haeckel</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Kunstformen_der_Natur" title="Kunstformen der Natur">Kunstformen der Natur</a></i>, 1904.</figcaption></figure> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Artikel utama: <a href="/wiki/Algae" class="mw-redirect" title="Algae">Algae</a></div> <p>Kebanyakan <a href="/wiki/Alga" title="Alga">alga</a> sudah tidak lagi dimasukkan ke dalam <a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">Kerajaan</a> Plantae. Alga terdiri dari beberapa kelompok yang berbeda dari organisme yang menghasilkan energi melalui fotosintesis, yang masing-masing muncul secara terpisah-pisah dari leluhur yang non-fotosintetik. Alga yang paling mencolok adalah <a href="/wiki/Gulma_laut" title="Gulma laut">gulma laut</a>, alga multiseluler yang mungkin kurang lebih mirip tanaman terestrial, tetapi diklasifikasikan bersama <a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">alga hijau</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alga_merah" title="Alga merah">merah</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Alga_coklat" title="Alga coklat">coklat</a>. Masing-masing kelompok alga ini juga termasuk berbagai jenis <a href="/wiki/Organisme" class="mw-redirect" title="Organisme">organisme</a> mikroskopik dan organisme uniseluler. </p><p>Sebagian besar alga kemudian juga mulai dipisahkan dari keanggotaan tumbuhan karena mereka tidak memiliki diferensiasi jaringan dan tidak memembentuk <a href="/wiki/Klorofil" title="Klorofil">klorofil</a> sebagai <a href="/wiki/Pigmen" title="Pigmen">pigmen</a> penangkap energi. </p><p>Penggunaan teknik-teknik <a href="/wiki/Biologi_molekuler" title="Biologi molekuler">biologi molekuler</a> terhadap <a href="/wiki/Filogeni" title="Filogeni">filogeni</a> tumbuhan ternyata memberikan banyak dukungan atas pemisahan ini. Tumbuhan dalam arti yang sekarang dipakai (arti sempit) dianggap sebagai keturunan dari suatu <a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">alga hijau</a> purba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ciri-ciri_khas">Ciri-ciri khas</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Sunting bagian: Ciri-ciri khas" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=4" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Ciri-ciri khas"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Ciri yang segera mudah dikenali pada tumbuhan adalah warna kehijauan tetapi bisa kuning yang dominan akibat kandungan pigmen klorofil yang berperan vital dalam proses penangkapan energi melalui fotosintesis. Dengan demikian, tumbuhan secara umum bersifat autotrof. Beberapa perkecualian, seperti pada sejumlah <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_parasit" title="Tumbuhan parasit">tumbuhan parasit</a>, merupakan akibat adaptasi terhadap cara hidup dan lingkungan yang unik. Karena sifatnya yang autotrof, tumbuhan selalu menempati posisi pertama dalam rantai aliran energi melalui organisme hidup (<a href="/wiki/Rantai_makanan" title="Rantai makanan">rantai makanan</a>). </p><p>Tumbuhan bersifat stasioner atau tidak bisa berpindah atas kehendak sendiri, meskipun beberapa alga hijau bersifat motil (mampu berpindah) karena memiliki <a href="/wiki/Flagelum" class="mw-redirect" title="Flagelum">flagelum</a>. Akibat sifatnya yang pasif ini tumbuhan harus beradaptasi secara fisik atas perubahan lingkungan dan gangguan yang diterimanya. Variasi <a href="/wiki/Morfologi" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Morfologi">morfologi</a> tumbuhan jauh lebih besar daripada anggota kerajaan lainnya. Selain itu, tumbuhan menghasilkan banyak sekali <a href="/wiki/Metabolit_sekunder" title="Metabolit sekunder">metabolit sekunder</a> sebagai mekanisme pertahanan hidup atas perubahan lingkungan atau serangan pengganggu. Reproduksi juga terpengaruh oleh sifat ini </p><p>Pada tingkat seluler, dinding sel yang tersusun dari <a href="/wiki/Selulosa" title="Selulosa">selulosa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hemiselulosa" title="Hemiselulosa">hemiselulosa</a>, dan <a href="/wiki/Pektin" title="Pektin">pektin</a> menjadi ciri khasnya, meskipun pada tumbuhan tingkat sederhana kadang-kadang hanya tersusun dari pektin. Hanya sel tumbuhan yang memiliki <a href="/wiki/Plastida" class="mw-redirect" title="Plastida">plastida</a>; juga <a href="/wiki/Vakuola" title="Vakuola">vakuola</a> yang besar dan sering kali mendominasi volume sel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galeri">Galeri</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Sunting bagian: Galeri" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=5" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Galeri"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <center><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 669px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Tumbuhan</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Borassus flabellifer"><img alt="Borassus flabellifer" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/80px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/120px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Borassus_flabellifer.jpg/160px-Borassus_flabellifer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="1050" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><i><a href="/wiki/Borassus_flabellifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Borassus flabellifer">Borassus flabellifer</a></i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 215px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 210px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Buah pohon Palem Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer (penamaan lokal: Thaati Munjelu) dijual pada sebuah pasar di Guntur, India."><img alt="Buah pohon Palem Palmyra, Borassus flabellifer (penamaan lokal: Thaati Munjelu) dijual pada sebuah pasar di Guntur, India." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/160px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/240px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/94/Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg/320px-Chestnut_in_Guntur.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2272" data-file-height="1704" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Buah pohon Palem Palmyra, <i><a href="/wiki/Borassus_flabellifer" class="mw-redirect" title="Borassus flabellifer">Borassus flabellifer</a></i> (penamaan lokal: Thaati Munjelu) dijual pada sebuah pasar di Guntur, India.</div> </li> </ul></center> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lihat_pula">Lihat pula</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Sunting bagian: Lihat pula" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=6" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Lihat pula"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r26593761">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1)1px}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalbox.tright{margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul{display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalborder>ul{padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:first-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox>ul>li>span:last-child{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}</style><div role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint plainlist portalbox portalborder tright"> <ul> <li><span><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/32px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/48px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg/64px-Rose_Amber_Flush_20070601.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3456" data-file-height="2304" /></a></span></span><span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Tumbuhan" title="Portal:Tumbuhan">Portal Tumbuhan </a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Biji" title="Biji">Biji</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bunga" title="Bunga">Bunga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taksonomi_tumbuhan" title="Taksonomi tumbuhan">Taksonomi tumbuhan</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Referensi">Referensi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Sunting bagian: Referensi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=7" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Referensi"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18833634">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-CavalierSmith1981-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CavalierSmith1981_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). "Eukaryote kingdoms: Seven or nine?". <i>BioSystems</i>. <b>14</b> (3–4): 461–481. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2">10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioSystems&rft.atitle=Eukaryote+kingdoms%3A+Seven+or+nine%3F&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=461-481&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-LewisMcCourt-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-LewisMcCourt_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Lewis, L.A.; McCourt, R.M. (2004). "Green algae and the origin of land plants". <i>American Journal of Botany</i>. <b>91</b>: 1535–1556. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.91.10.1535">10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=American+Journal+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Green+algae+and+the+origin+of+land+plants&rft.volume=91&rft.pages=1535-1556&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3732%2Fajb.91.10.1535&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=L.A.&rft.au=McCourt%2C+R.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KenrickCrane1997-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-KenrickCrane1997_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Kenrick, Paul; Crane, Peter R. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/originearlydiver0000kenr"><i>The origin and early diversification of land plants: A cladistic study</i></a>. Washington, D. C.: Smithsonian Institution Press. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Sumber_buku/1-56098-730-8" title="Istimewa:Sumber buku/1-56098-730-8">1-56098-730-8</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+origin+and+early+diversification+of+land+plants%3A+A+cladistic+study&rft.place=Washington%2C+D.+C.&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution+Press&rft.date=1997&rft.isbn=1-56098-730-8&rft.aulast=Kenrick&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft.au=Crane%2C+Peter+R.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Foriginearlydiver0000kenr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Adl-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Adl_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Adl, S.M. et al. (2005). "The new higher level classification of eukaryotes with emphasis on the taxonomy of protists". <i>Journal of Eukaryote Microbiology</i>. <b>52</b>: 399–451. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2005.00053.x">10.1111/j.1550-7408.2005.00053.x</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Eukaryote+Microbiology&rft.atitle=The+new+higher+level+classification+of+eukaryotes+with+emphasis+on+the+taxonomy+of+protists&rft.volume=52&rft.pages=399-451&rft.date=2005&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1550-7408.2005.00053.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penulis" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis">link</a>) </span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation news">Gischa, Serafica. Nailufar, Nibras Nada, ed. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2019/12/13/150000269/memahami-proses-dan-reaksi-kimia-fotosintesis">"Memahami Proses dan Reaksi Kimia Fotosintesis"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Kompas.com" title="Kompas.com">Kompas.com</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201116102956/https://www.kompas.com/skola/read/2019/12/13/150000269/memahami-proses-dan-reaksi-kimia-fotosintesis">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2020-11-16<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2020-11-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Kompas.com&rft.atitle=Memahami+Proses+dan+Reaksi+Kimia+Fotosintesis&rft.aulast=Gischa&rft.aufirst=Serafica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.kompas.com%2Fskola%2Fread%2F2019%2F12%2F13%2F150000269%2Fmemahami-proses-dan-reaksi-kimia-fotosintesis&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ib.usp.br-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ib.usp.br_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ib.usp.br_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Whittaker, R. H. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20171117160137/http://www.ib.usp.br/inter/0410113/downloads/Whittaker_1969.pdf">"New concepts of kingdoms or organisms"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>163</b> (3863): 150–160. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150">10.1126/science.163.3863.150</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/5762760">5762760</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ib.usp.br/inter/0410113/downloads/Whittaker_1969.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2017-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=New+concepts+of+kingdoms+or+organisms&rft.volume=163&rft.issue=3863&rft.pages=150-160&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.163.3863.150&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F5762760&rft.aulast=Whittaker&rft.aufirst=R.+H.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ib.usp.br%2Finter%2F0410113%2Fdownloads%2FWhittaker_1969.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Margulis, L (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/sim_evolution_1971-03_25_1/page/242">"Whittaker's five kingdoms of organisms: minor revisions suggested by considerations of the origin of mitosis"</a>. <i>Evolution</i>. <b>25</b>: 242–245. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F2406516">10.2307/2406516</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Evolution&rft.atitle=Whittaker%27s+five+kingdoms+of+organisms%3A+minor+revisions+suggested+by+considerations+of+the+origin+of+mitosis&rft.volume=25&rft.pages=242-245&rft.date=1971&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.2307%2F2406516&rft.aulast=Margulis&rft.aufirst=L&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fsim_evolution_1971-03_25_1%2Fpage%2F242&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Copeland, H. F. (1956). The Classification of Lower Organisms. Palo Alto: Pacific Books, p. 6, <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://archive.org/details/classificationof00cope">[1]</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Cavalier-Smith, T. (1981). "Eukaryote Kingdoms: Seven or Nine?<span style="padding-right:0.2em;">"</span>". <i>BioSystems</i>. <b>14</b> (3–4): 461–481. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2">10.1016/0303-2647(81)90050-2</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7337818">7337818</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=BioSystems&rft.atitle=Eukaryote+Kingdoms%3A+Seven+or+Nine%3F%22.&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=3%E2%80%934&rft.pages=461-481&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1016%2F0303-2647%2881%2990050-2&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F7337818&rft.aulast=Cavalier-Smith&rft.aufirst=T.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Linnaeus, C. (1751). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=D18OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA37">Philosophia botanica</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230121145148/https://books.google.com/books?id=D18OAAAAQAAJ&pg=PA37">Diarsipkan</a> 2023-01-21 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</i>, 1st ed., p. 37.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Haeckel, E. (1866). <i>Generale Morphologie der Organismen</i>. Berlin: Verlag von Georg Reimer. hlm. vol.1: i–xxxii, 1–574, pls I–II; vol. 2: i–clx, 1–462, pls I–VIII.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Generale+Morphologie+der+Organismen&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pages=vol.1%3A+i-xxxii%2C+1-574%2C+pls+I-II%3B+vol.+2%3A+i-clx%2C+1-462%2C+pls+I-VIII&rft.pub=Verlag+von+Georg+Reimer&rft.date=1866&rft.au=Haeckel%2C+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Haeckel, E. (1894). <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/systematischephy01haec">Die systematische Phylogenie</a></i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Based on <cite id="CITEREFRogozinBasuCsürösKoonin2009" class="citation">Rogozin, I.B.; Basu, M.K.; Csürös, M. & Koonin, E.V. (2009), "Analysis of Rare Genomic Changes Does Not Support the Unikont–Bikont Phylogeny and Suggests Cyanobacterial Symbiosis as the Point of Primary Radiation of Eukaryotes", <i>Genome Biology and Evolution</i>, <b>1</b>: 99–113, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevp011">10.1093/gbe/evp011</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2817406">2817406</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20333181">20333181</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Genome+Biology+and+Evolution&rft.atitle=Analysis+of+Rare+Genomic+Changes+Does+Not+Support+the+Unikont%E2%80%93Bikont+Phylogeny+and+Suggests+Cyanobacterial+Symbiosis+as+the+Point+of+Primary+Radiation+of+Eukaryotes&rft.volume=1&rft.pages=99-113&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2817406&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F20333181&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fgbe%2Fevp011&rft.aulast=Rogozin&rft.aufirst=I.B.&rft.au=Basu%2C+M.K.&rft.au=Cs%C3%BCr%C3%B6s%2C+M.&rft.au=Koonin%2C+E.V.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span> and <cite id="CITEREFBeckerMarin2009" class="citation">Becker, B. & Marin, B. (2009), "Streptophyte algae and the origin of embryophytes", <i>Annals of Botany</i>, <b>103</b> (7): 999–1004, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcp044">10.1093/aob/mcp044</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2707909">2707909</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19273476">19273476</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+Botany&rft.atitle=Streptophyte+algae+and+the+origin+of+embryophytes&rft.volume=103&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=999-1004&rft.date=2009&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC2707909&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F19273476&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Faob%2Fmcp044&rft.aulast=Becker&rft.aufirst=B.&rft.au=Marin%2C+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span>; see also the slightly different cladogram in <cite id="CITEREFLewisMcCourt2004" class="citation">Lewis, Louise A. & McCourt, R.M. (2004), "Green algae and the origin of land plants", <i>Am. J. Bot.</i>, <b>91</b> (10): 1535–1556, <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3732%2Fajb.91.10.1535">10.3732/ajb.91.10.1535</a>, <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21652308">21652308</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Am.+J.+Bot.&rft.atitle=Green+algae+and+the+origin+of+land+plants&rft.volume=91&rft.issue=10&rft.pages=1535-1556&rft.date=2004&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3732%2Fajb.91.10.1535&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21652308&rft.aulast=Lewis&rft.aufirst=Louise+A.&rft.au=McCourt%2C+R.M.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Parfrey, Laura Wegener; Lahr, Daniel J. G.; Knoll, Andrew H.; Katz, Laura A. (2011-08-16). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190918162354/https://www.pnas.org/content/108/33/13624">"Estimating the timing of early eukaryotic diversification with multigene molecular clocks"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>108</b> (33): 13624–13629. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1110633108">10.1073/pnas.1110633108</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3158185">3158185</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21810989">21810989</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/108/33/13624">versi asli</a> tanggal 2019-09-18<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Estimating+the+timing+of+early+eukaryotic+diversification+with+multigene+molecular+clocks&rft.volume=108&rft.issue=33&rft.pages=13624-13629&rft.date=2011-08-16&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC3158185&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F21810989&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1110633108&rft.aulast=Parfrey&rft.aufirst=Laura+Wegener&rft.au=Lahr%2C+Daniel+J.+G.&rft.au=Knoll%2C+Andrew+H.&rft.au=Katz%2C+Laura+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F108%2F33%2F13624&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Derelle, Romain; Torruella, Guifré; Klimeš, Vladimír; Brinkmann, Henner; Kim, Eunsoo; Vlček, Čestmír; Lang, B. Franz; Eliáš, Marek (2015-02-17). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pnas.org/content/112/7/E693">"Bacterial proteins pinpoint a single eukaryotic root"</a>. <i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences</i>. <b>112</b> (7): E693–E699. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1073%2Fpnas.1420657112">10.1073/pnas.1420657112</a>. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Serial_Number" class="mw-redirect" title="International Standard Serial Number">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0027-8424">0027-8424</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Central" title="PubMed Central">PMC</a> <span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4343179">4343179</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dapat diakses gratis"><img alt="alt=Dapat diakses gratis" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25646484">25646484</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191117201119/https://www.pnas.org/content/112/7/E693">Diarsipkan</a> dari versi asli tanggal 2019-11-17<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2016-09-30</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Proceedings+of+the+National+Academy+of+Sciences&rft.atitle=Bacterial+proteins+pinpoint+a+single+eukaryotic+root&rft.volume=112&rft.issue=7&rft.pages=E693-E699&rft.date=2015-02-17&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC4343179&rft.issn=0027-8424&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F25646484&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1073%2Fpnas.1420657112&rft.aulast=Derelle&rft.aufirst=Romain&rft.au=Torruella%2C+Guifr%C3%A9&rft.au=Klime%C5%A1%2C+Vladim%C3%ADr&rft.au=Brinkmann%2C+Henner&rft.au=Kim%2C+Eunsoo&rft.au=Vl%C4%8Dek%2C+%C4%8Cestm%C3%ADr&rft.au=Lang%2C+B.+Franz&rft.au=Eli%C3%A1%C5%A1%2C+Marek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pnas.org%2Fcontent%2F112%2F7%2FE693&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Jackson, Christopher; Clayden, Susan; Reyes-Prieto, Adrian (2015-01-01). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2015.020">"The Glaucophyta: the blue-green plants in a nutshell"</a>. <i>Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae</i>. <b>84</b> (2): 149–165. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5586%2Fasbp.2015.020">10.5586/asbp.2015.020</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Acta+Societatis+Botanicorum+Poloniae&rft.atitle=The+Glaucophyta%3A+the+blue-green+plants+in+a+nutshell&rft.volume=84&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=149-165&rft.date=2015-01-01&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5586%2Fasbp.2015.020&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft.au=Clayden%2C+Susan&rft.au=Reyes-Prieto%2C+Adrian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.5586%2Fasbp.2015.020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Pranala_luar">Pranala luar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&veaction=edit&section=8" title="Sunting bagian: Pranala luar" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>sunting</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&action=edit&section=8" title="Sunting kode sumber bagian: Pranala luar"><span>sunting sumber</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="metadata plainlinks mbox-small" style="border:1px solid #aaa; background-color:#f9f9f9;padding:3px;"> <tbody><tr style="height:25px;"> <td colspan="2" style="margin: auto; text-align: center;padding-bottom:5px;"><b>Cari tahu mengenai Plants pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya:</b> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Plants" title="Cari di Wiktionary"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/21px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/31px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Wiktionary-logo-id.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-id.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="391" data-file-height="474" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wiktionary.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Plants" class="extiw" title="wikt:Special:Search/Category:Plants">Definisi dan terjemahan</a> dari Wiktionary<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Plantae" title="Cari di Commons"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/28px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/37px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Plantae" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search/Category:Plantae">Gambar dan media</a> dari Commons<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Plants" title="Cari di Wikiquote"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/21px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/32px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/42px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Plants" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Plants">Kutipan</a> dari Wikiquote<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Botany" title="Cari di Wikisource"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/24px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="24" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/48px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Botany" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Category:Botany">Teks sumber</a> dari Wikisource<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="//id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Botany" title="Cari di Wikibuku"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/25px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/38px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/50px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /></a></span></td> <td><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/Category:Botany" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/Category:Botany">Buku</a> dari Wikibuku<br /> </td></tr> <tr style="height:25px;"> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Plantae" title="Cari di Wikispecies"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/21px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/32px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/43px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span> </td> <td><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search/Plantae" class="extiw" title="species:Special:Search/Plantae">Direktori spesies Plantae</a> dari Wikispecies </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23035139">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:#f9f9f9}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782729">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikibooks" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikibooks">Wikibooks</a> <i><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Dichotomous_Key" class="extiw" title="b:id:Dichotomous Key">Dichotomous Key</a></i> memiliki halaman di: <div style="margin-left:10px;"><i><a href="https://id.wikibooks.org/wiki/id:Dichotomous_Key/Plantae" class="extiw" title="b:id:Dichotomous Key/Plantae">Plantae</a></i></div></div></div> </div> <ul><li><cite class="citation journal">Jones, T. M., Reid, C. S., Urbatsch, L. E. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200413093738/http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/">"Visual study of divisional Plantae"</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.herbarium.lsu.edu/keys/aca/">versi asli</a> tanggal 2020-04-13<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Visual+study+of+divisional+Plantae&rft.au=Jones%2C+T.+M.%2C+Reid%2C+C.+S.%2C+Urbatsch%2C+L.+E&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.herbarium.lsu.edu%2Fkeys%2Faca%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">link</a>) </span> (membutuhkan <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Silverlight" class="mw-redirect" title="Microsoft Silverlight">Microsoft Silverlight</a>)</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.eol.org/pages/281"><i>Tumbuhan</i></a> di <a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">Encyclopedia of Life</a></li> <li><cite class="citation journal">Chaw, S.-M.; et al. (1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050124004310/http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf">"Molecular Phylogeny of Extant Gymnosperms and Seed Plant Evolution: Analysis of Nuclear 18s rRNA Sequences"</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Molec. Biol. Evol</i>. <b>14</b> (1): 56–68. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a025702">10.1093/oxfordjournals.molbev.a025702</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" class="mw-redirect" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9000754">9000754</a>. Diarsipkan dari <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mbe.library.arizona.edu/data/1997/1401/7chaw.pdf">versi asli</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> tanggal 2005-01-24<span class="reference-accessdate">. Diakses tanggal <span class="nowrap">2015-06-28</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Molec.+Biol.+Evol.&rft.atitle=Molecular+Phylogeny+of+Extant+Gymnosperms+and+Seed+Plant+Evolution%3A+Analysis+of+Nuclear+18s+rRNA+Sequences&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=56-68&rft.date=1997&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Foxfordjournals.molbev.a025702&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F9000754&rft.au=Chaw%2C+S.-M.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmbe.library.arizona.edu%2Fdata%2F1997%2F1401%2F7chaw.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fid.wikipedia.org%3ATumbuhan" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><span class="citation-comment" style="display:none; color:#33aa33; margin-left:0.3em">Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit (<a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Penggunaan_et_al._yang_eksplisit" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit">link</a>) </span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/INA.html">Index Nominum Algarum</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html">Interactive Cronquist classification</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060210225113/http://florabase.calm.wa.gov.au/phylogeny/cronq88.html">Diarsipkan</a> 2006-02-10 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prota.org/uk/About+Prota/">Plant Resources of Tropical Africa</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100611054707/http://www.prota.org/uk/about+prota/">Diarsipkan</a> 2010-06-11 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://tolweb.org/Green_plants">Tree of Life</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150630151027/http://tolweb.org/Green_plants">Diarsipkan</a> 2015-06-30 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li></ul> <dl><dt>Database botani dan vegetasi</dt></dl> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aluka.org/action/doBrowse?sa=1&sa_sel=">African Plants Initiative database</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Pranala_mati" title="Wikipedia:Pranala mati"><span title=" pranala nonaktif sejak Maret 2021">pranala nonaktif permanen</span></a></i>]</span></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anbg.gov.au/cpbr/databases/">Australia</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chilebosque.cl/">Chilean plants at <i>Chilebosque</i></a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/index.aspx">e-Floras (Flora of China, Flora of North America and others)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rbg-web2.rbge.org.uk/FE/fe.html">Flora Europaea</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.floraweb.de/">Flora of Central Europe</a> <span style="font-size:0.95em; font-weight:bold; color:#777; cursor:help;" title="Bahasa Jerman" lang="Jerman">(Jerman)</span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.efloras.org/flora_page.aspx?flora_id=1">Flora of North America</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.alpine-plants-jp.com/botanical_name/list_of_japanese_wild_plants_abelia_buxus.htm">List of Japanese Wild Plants Online</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php">Meet the Plants-National Tropical Botanical Garden</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070616151737/http://ntbg.org/plants/choose_a_plant.php">Diarsipkan</a> 2007-06-16 di <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wildflower.org/">Lady Bird Johnson Wildflower Center - Native Plant Information Network at University of Texas, Austin</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theplantlist.org/">The Plant List</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plants.usda.gov/">United States Department of Agriculture</a> not limited to continental US species</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r23782733">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r25847331">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Kingdom_Plantae" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r18590415">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Plantae" title="Templat:Plantae"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Plantae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Plantae (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Plantae&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Kingdom_Plantae" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">Kingdom</a> <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3" style="background:#90EE90"><div><a href="/wiki/Eukariotik" class="mw-redirect" title="Eukariotik">Eukariotik</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Metazoa" class="mw-redirect" title="Metazoa">Multiseluler</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Autotrof" title="Autotrof">Autotrof</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Klorofil" title="Klorofil">Klorofil</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Spora" title="Spora">Tumbuhan berspora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut">Bryophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lumut_daun" title="Lumut daun">Bryopsida</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Lumut_hati" title="Lumut hati">Marchantiophyta/Hepaticophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Lumut_tanduk" title="Lumut tanduk">Anthocerotophyta</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku">Pteridophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Paku_telanjang" class="mw-redirect" title="Paku telanjang">Psilophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiopsida" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Paku_ekor_kuda" title="Paku ekor kuda">Spenophyta/Equisetophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Paku_sejati" title="Paku sejati">Pterophyta/Filiciinae</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Berkas:Nature_print,_Alois_Auer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg/70px-Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg" decoding="async" width="70" height="95" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg/105px-Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/04/Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg/140px-Nature_print%2C_Alois_Auer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="863" data-file-height="1174" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji" title="Tumbuhan berbiji">Tumbuhan berbiji</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Spermatophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyta">Spermatophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji_terbuka" title="Tumbuhan berbiji terbuka">Gymnospermae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_runjung" title="Tumbuhan runjung">Pinophyta/Coniferophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Ginkgo" title="Ginkgo">Ginkgophyta</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbunga" title="Tumbuhan berbunga">Angiospermae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbiji_belah" title="Tumbuhan berbiji belah">Dicotyledoneae/Magnoliopsida</a>  • <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berkeping_biji_tunggal" title="Tumbuhan berkeping biji tunggal">Monocotyledoneae/Liliopsida</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18844875"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Klasifikasi_Archaeplastida_/_Plantae_sensu_lato" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_tumbuhan" title="Templat:Klasifikasi tumbuhan"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pembicaraan_Templat:Klasifikasi_tumbuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Klasifikasi tumbuhan (halaman belum tersedia)"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Klasifikasi_tumbuhan&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Klasifikasi_Archaeplastida_/_Plantae_sensu_lato" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Klasifikasi <a href="/wiki/Archaeplastida" title="Archaeplastida">Archaeplastida</a> / <a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae <i>sensu lato</i></a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biologi)" title="Domain (biologi)">Domain</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_arkea" title="Templat:Klasifikasi arkea">Arkea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_bakteri" title="Templat:Klasifikasi bakteri">Bakteria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eukaryota" title="Templat:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">Kerajaan</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Plantae_sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Plantae sensu lato">Tumbuhan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hacrobia" title="Templat:Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Heterokontophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Heterokontophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Heterokontophyta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Alveolata" title="Templat:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rhizaria" title="Templat:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Excavata" title="Templat:Excavata">Excavata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Amoebozoa" title="Templat:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Animalia" title="Templat:Animalia">Hewan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Fungi" title="Templat:Fungi">Fungi</a>)</dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Alga_merah" title="Alga merah">Rhodophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanidiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanidiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Cyanidiophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Porphyridiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Porphyridiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Porphyridiophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Compsopogonophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Compsopogonophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Compsopogonophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Stylonematophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Stylonematophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Stylonematophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodellophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodellophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Rhodellophyceae</a> <span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bangiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bangiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Bangiophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Florideophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Florideophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Florideophyceae</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Hildenbrandiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hildenbrandiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Hildenbrandiales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Acrochaetiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acrochaetiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Acrochaetiales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Nemaliales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nemaliales (halaman belum tersedia)">Nemaliales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Batrachospermales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Batrachospermales (halaman belum tersedia)">Batrachospermales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Corallinales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Corallinales (halaman belum tersedia)">Corallinales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gelidiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gelidiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Gelidiales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gracilariales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gracilariales (halaman belum tersedia)">Gracilariales</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ceramiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ceramiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Ceramiales</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucocystophyceae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Glaucocystis&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Glaucocystis (halaman belum tersedia)">Glaucocystis</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cyanophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cyanophora (halaman belum tersedia)">Cyanophora</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Gloeochaeta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gloeochaeta (halaman belum tersedia)">Gloeochaeta</a></i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a>/<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae<br /><i>sensu stricto</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">Alga hijau</a> (I)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasinophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasinophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Prasinophyceae</a><br /> <a href="/w/index.php?title=UTC_clade&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="UTC clade (halaman belum tersedia)">UTC clade</a>: <a href="/wiki/Ulvophyceae" title="Ulvophyceae">Ulvophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Trebouxiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trebouxiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Trebouxiophyceae</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Chlorophyceae" class="mw-redirect" title="Chlorophyceae">Chlorophyceae</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Streptophytina" class="mw-redirect" title="Streptophytina">Streptophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a>/<br /><a href="/wiki/Alga_hijau" title="Alga hijau">Alga hijau</a> (II)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charales (halaman belum tersedia)">Charales</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleochaetales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleochaetales (halaman belum tersedia)">Coleochaetales</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Desmidiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Desmidiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Desmidiales</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Klebsormidiales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klebsormidiales (halaman belum tersedia)">Klebsormidiales</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesostigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesostigma (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesostigmatales</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Zygnematales" title="Zygnematales">Zygnematales</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a>/<br /><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae<br /><i>sensu strictissimo</i></a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_lumut" title="Tumbuhan lumut">Bryophyta</a><br />(<a href="/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan_darat_tidak_berpembuluh&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tumbuhan darat tidak berpembuluh (halaman belum tersedia)">tumbuhan darat<br />tidak berpembuluh</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Lumut_hati" title="Lumut hati">Marchantiophyta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lumut_tanduk" title="Lumut tanduk">Anthocerotophyta</a><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lumut_daun" title="Lumut daun">Musci</a> (Bryophyta <i>sensu stricto</i>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Horneophytopsida" title="Horneophytopsida">Horneophytopsida</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berpembuluh" title="Tumbuhan berpembuluh">Tracheophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Lycophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycophyta">Lycophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Isoetopsida" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoetopsida">Isoetopsida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Isoetales" class="mw-redirect" title="Isoetales">Isoetales</a>, <a href="/wiki/Selaginella" class="mw-redirect" title="Selaginella">Selaginellales</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Lycopodiopsida" title="Lycopodiopsida">Lycopodiopsida</a> (<a href="/wiki/Lycopodiales" class="mw-redirect" title="Lycopodiales">Lycopodiales</a>)</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#90EE90;"><a href="/wiki/Euphyllophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Euphyllophyta">Euphyllophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Monilophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Monilophyta">Monilophyta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Equisetopsida" title="Equisetopsida">Equisetopsida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku">Filicopsida</a>, <a href="/wiki/Psilotopsida" title="Psilotopsida">Psilotopsida</a>)<br /><a href="/wiki/Spermatophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Spermatophyta">Spermatophyta</a>: <a href="/wiki/Gymnospermae" class="mw-redirect" title="Gymnospermae">Gymnospermae</a> (<a href="/wiki/Pinophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Pinophyta">Pinophyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ginkgophyta" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a>)<span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span>  <a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_berbunga" title="Tumbuhan berbunga">Magnoliophyta</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background:#90EE90;"><div><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Lihat pula: <a href="/w/index.php?title=Daftar_ordo_tumbuhan&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Daftar ordo tumbuhan (halaman belum tersedia)">daftar ordo tumbuhan</a></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Klasifikasi_Eukariota" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eukaryota" title="Templat:Eukaryota"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Eukaryota" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Eukaryota"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Eukaryota&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Klasifikasi_Eukariota" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Klasifikasi <a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">Eukariota</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><span style="font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Domain_(biologi)" title="Domain (biologi)">Domain</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_arkea" title="Templat:Klasifikasi arkea">Arkea</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Klasifikasi_bakteri" title="Templat:Klasifikasi bakteri">Bakteria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Eukaryota" title="Templat:Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a></dd> <dt><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Kerajaan_(biologi)" title="Kerajaan (biologi)">Kerajaan</a></span></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Plantae_sensu_lato" class="mw-redirect" title="Templat:Plantae sensu lato">Tumbuhan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Hacrobia" title="Templat:Hacrobia">Hacrobia</a></dd> <dd><a href="/w/index.php?title=Templat:Heterokontophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Templat:Heterokontophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Heterokontophyta</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Alveolata" title="Templat:Alveolata">Alveolata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Rhizaria" title="Templat:Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Excavata" title="Templat:Excavata">Excavata</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Amoebozoa" title="Templat:Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Animalia" title="Templat:Animalia">Hewan</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Templat:Fungi" title="Templat:Fungi">Fungi</a>)</dd></dl> </div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amorphea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Amorphea" title="Amorphea">Amorphea</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amoebozoa" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Discosea" title="Discosea">Discosea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tubulinea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tubulinea (halaman belum tersedia)">Tubulinea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Eumycetozoa" title="Eumycetozoa">Eumycetozoa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Variosea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Variosea (halaman belum tersedia)">Variosea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archamoebea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archamoebea (halaman belum tersedia)">Archamoebea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cutosea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cutosea (halaman belum tersedia)">Cutosea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Obazoa" title="Obazoa">Obazoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apusomonadida" class="mw-redirect" title="Apusomonadida">Apusomonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breviatea" title="Breviatea">Breviatea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Opisthokonta" title="Opisthokonta">Opisthokonta</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Holomycota" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Holomycota" title="Holomycota">Holomycota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cristidiscoidea" title="Cristidiscoidea">Rotosphaerida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><span style="margin:-32px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">   <a href="/wiki/Holozoa" title="Holozoa">Holozoa</a>   </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tunicaraptor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tunicaraptor (halaman belum tersedia)">Tunicaraptor</a></i></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Bicellum" title="Bicellum">Bicellum</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ichthyosporea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ichthyosporea (halaman belum tersedia)">Ichthyosporea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pluriformea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pluriformea (halaman belum tersedia)">Pluriformea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Filozoa" title="Filozoa">Filozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Filasterea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Filasterea (halaman belum tersedia)">Filasterea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(245,215,255)"><a href="/wiki/Choanozoa" title="Choanozoa">Choanozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Choanoflagellata" class="mw-redirect" title="Choanoflagellata">Choanoflagellata</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Animalia" class="mw-redirect" title="Animalia">Animalia</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Diaphoretickes" title="Diaphoretickes">Diaphoretickes</a></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Provora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Provora (halaman belum tersedia)">Provora</a></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Haptista" title="Haptista">Haptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Centroplasthelida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Centroplasthelida (halaman belum tersedia)">Centroplasthelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptophyta" title="Haptophyta">Haptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">    <a href="/wiki/TSAR" class="mw-redirect" title="TSAR">TSAR</a>    </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Telonemia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Telonemia (halaman belum tersedia)">Telonemia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     <a href="/wiki/Supergrup_SAR" title="Supergrup SAR">SAR</a>     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Rhizaria" title="Rhizaria">Rhizaria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endomyxa" title="Endomyxa">Endomyxa</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Alveolata" title="Alveolata">Alveolata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colponemida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colponemida (halaman belum tersedia)">Colponemida</a>*</li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ciliata" title="Ciliata">Ciliophora</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80); vertical-align:middle;"><a href="/wiki/Myzozoa" title="Myzozoa">Myzozoa</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Colpodellida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Colpodellida (halaman belum tersedia)">Colpodellida</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">Dinoflagellata</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Perkinsozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Perkinsozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Perkinsozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Stramenopila" class="mw-redirect" title="Stramenopila">Stramenopila</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Platysulcus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Platysulcus (halaman belum tersedia)">Platysulcus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bigyra&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bigyra (halaman belum tersedia)">Bigyra</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bicosoecea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bicosoecea (halaman belum tersedia)">Bicosoecida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Placidozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Placidozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Placidozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sagenista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sagenista (halaman belum tersedia)">Sagenista</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(200,250,80)"><a href="/wiki/Gyrista" title="Gyrista">Gyrista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Developea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Developea (halaman belum tersedia)">Developea</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pirsoniales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pirsoniales (halaman belum tersedia)">Pirsoniales</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hyphochytriomycetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hyphochytriomycetes (halaman belum tersedia)">Hyphochytriomycetes</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Ochrophyta" title="Ochrophyta">Ochrophyta</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Oomycetes" title="Oomycetes">Oomycetes</a></b></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Actinophryida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Actinophryida (halaman belum tersedia)">Actinophryida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);">     CAM     </span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)">Pan-Cryptista</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Microheliella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Microheliella (halaman belum tersedia)">Microheliella</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptista&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cryptista (halaman belum tersedia)">Cryptista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Palpitomonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Palpitomonas (halaman belum tersedia)">Palpitomonas</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Katablepharida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Katablepharida (halaman belum tersedia)">Katablepharida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cryptophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Cryptophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Current_definitions_of_Plantae">Archaeplastida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Picozoa" title="Picozoa">Picozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodelphidia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodelphidia (halaman belum tersedia)">Rhodelphidia</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Viridiplantae(tumbuhan_sensu_lato)" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Viridiplantae" class="mw-redirect" title="Viridiplantae">Viridiplantae</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal;">(<a href="/wiki/Plant#Alternative_concepts" class="mw-redirect" title="Plant">tumbuhan <i>sensu lato</i></a>)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Prasinodermophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Prasinodermophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Prasinodermophyta</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></b></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Streptophyta" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:rgb(180,250,180)"><a href="/wiki/Streptophyta" title="Streptophyta">Streptophyta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chlorokybus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chlorokybus (halaman belum tersedia)">Chlorokybus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mesostigma&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mesostigma (halaman belum tersedia)">Mesostigma</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Klebsormidiophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Klebsormidiophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Klebsormidiophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Charophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Charophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Charophyceae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleochaetophyceae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleochaetophyceae (halaman belum tersedia)">Coleochaetophyceae</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Zygnematophyceae" title="Zygnematophyceae">Zygnematophyceae</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Embryophyta" title="Embryophyta">Embryophyta</a></b>¹</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.2em;"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><a href="/wiki/Excavata" title="Excavata">Excavates</a>*</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Discoba" class="mw-redirect" title="Discoba">Discoba</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jakobida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jakobida (halaman belum tersedia)">Jakobida</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tsukubamonas&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tsukubamonas (halaman belum tersedia)">Tsukubamonas</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discicristata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Discicristata (halaman belum tersedia)">Discicristata</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heterolobosea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Heterolobosea (halaman belum tersedia)">Heterolobosea</a></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metamonada" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Barthelona&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Barthelona (halaman belum tersedia)">Barthelona</a></i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaeramoebae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeramoebae (halaman belum tersedia)">Anaeramoebae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anaeromonada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anaeromonada (halaman belum tersedia)">Anaeromonada</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fornicata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fornicata (halaman belum tersedia)">Fornicata</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Parabasalia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Parabasalia (halaman belum tersedia)">Parabasalia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawimonada&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malawimonada (halaman belum tersedia)">Malawimonada</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Malawimonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Malawimonadidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Malawimonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Imasidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Imasidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Imasidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.0em;"><span style="margin:-29px;display: inline-block;-webkit-transform: rotate(270deg);-moz-transform: rotate(270deg);-ms-transform: rotate(270deg);-o-transform: rotate(270deg);transform: rotate(270deg);"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>†<a href="/wiki/Acritarch" title="Acritarch">Acritarchs</a></li> <li>†<i><a href="/wiki/Grypania" title="Grypania">Grypania</a></i></li> <li>†<a href="/w/index.php?title=Chert_Gunflint&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chert Gunflint (halaman belum tersedia)">Mikrobiota Gunflint</a></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Chitinozoa" title="Chitinozoa">Chitinozoa</a></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Meteora_sporadica&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Meteora sporadica (halaman belum tersedia)">Meteora sporadica</a></i></li></ul> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hemimastigophora" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hemimastigophora&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Hemimastigophora (halaman belum tersedia)">Hemimastigophora</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spironemidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spironemidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Spironemidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Spironematellidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Spironematellidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Spironematellidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyromonadida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyromonadida (halaman belum tersedia)">Ancyromonadida</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ancyromonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ancyromonadidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Ancyromonadidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planomonadidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planomonadidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Planomonadidae</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/w/index.php?title=CRuMs&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CRuMs (halaman belum tersedia)">CRuMs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Collodictyonidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Collodictyonidae (halaman belum tersedia)">Collodictyonidae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mantamonadida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mantamonadida (halaman belum tersedia)">Mantamonadida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rigifilida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rigifilida (halaman belum tersedia)">Rigifilida</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>¹<a href="/wiki/Kingdom" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Kingdom">Kingdom</a> tradisional dikecualikan dari <a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">protista</a></li> <li>*kelompok <a href="/wiki/Parafiletik" class="mw-redirect" title="Parafiletik">parafiletik</a></li> <li><b>tebal</b> menandai kelompok dengan lebih dari 1000 spesies</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Filum/divisi_kehidupan_yang_masih_ada_menurut_domain" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r18590415"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-lihat"><a href="/wiki/Templat:Kehidupan_di_Bumi" title="Templat:Kehidupan di Bumi"><abbr title="Lihat templat ini">l</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-bicara"><a href="/wiki/Pembicaraan_Templat:Kehidupan_di_Bumi" title="Pembicaraan Templat:Kehidupan di Bumi"><abbr title="Diskusikan templat ini">b</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-sunting"><a class="external text" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Templat:Kehidupan_di_Bumi&action=edit"><abbr title="Sunting templat ini">s</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Filum/divisi_kehidupan_yang_masih_ada_menurut_domain" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Filum" title="Filum">Filum</a>/<a href="/wiki/Divisi_(botani)" title="Divisi (botani)">divisi</a> <a href="/wiki/Kehidupan" title="Kehidupan">kehidupan</a> yang masih ada menurut <a href="/wiki/Domain_(biologi)" title="Domain (biologi)">domain</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bacteria" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Bakteri" title="Bakteri">Bacteria</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Acidobacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Acidobacteria (halaman belum tersedia)">Acidobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Actinobacteria" class="mw-redirect" title="Actinobacteria">Actinobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aquificae" title="Aquificae">Aquificae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteroidetes" title="Bacteroidetes">Bacteroidetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlamydiae" title="Chlamydiae">Chlamydiae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chlorobi" title="Chlorobi">Chlorobi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chloroflexi" title="Chloroflexi">Chloroflexi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chrysiogenetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chrysiogenetes (halaman belum tersedia)">Chrysiogenetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sianobakteri" title="Sianobakteri">Cyanobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deferribacteres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deferribacteres (halaman belum tersedia)">Deferribacteres</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deinococcus-Thermus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deinococcus-Thermus (halaman belum tersedia)">Deinococcus-Thermus</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dictyoglomi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dictyoglomi (halaman belum tersedia)">Dictyoglomi</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fibrobacteres&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fibrobacteres (halaman belum tersedia)">Fibrobacteres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firmicutes" title="Firmicutes">Firmicutes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Fusobacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fusobacteria (halaman belum tersedia)">Fusobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gemmatimonadetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gemmatimonadetes (halaman belum tersedia)">Gemmatimonadetes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nitrospirae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nitrospirae (halaman belum tersedia)">Nitrospirae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Planctomycetes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Planctomycetes (halaman belum tersedia)">Planctomycetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteobacteria" title="Proteobacteria">Proteobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirochaetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Spirochaetes">Spirochaetes</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermodesulfobacteria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermodesulfobacteria (halaman belum tersedia)">Thermodesulfobacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Thermomicrobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Thermomicrobia (halaman belum tersedia)">Thermomicrobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thermotogae" title="Thermotogae">Thermotogae</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Verrucomicrobia&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Verrucomicrobia (halaman belum tersedia)">Verrucomicrobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Archaea" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Arkea" title="Arkea">Archaea</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crenarchaeota" title="Crenarchaeota">Crenarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euryarchaeota" title="Euryarchaeota">Euryarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korarchaeota" title="Korarchaeota">Korarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanoarchaeota" title="Nanoarchaeota">Nanoarchaeota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Archaeal_Richmond_Mine_Acidophilic_Nanoorganisms&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Archaeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganisms (halaman belum tersedia)">Archaeal Richmond Mine Acidophilic Nanoorganisms</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><a href="/wiki/Eukariota" title="Eukariota">Eukaryota</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Protista" title="Protista">Protista</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Heterokontophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Heterokontophyta">Heterokontophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haptophyta" title="Haptophyta">Haptophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cryptophyta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cryptophyta (halaman belum tersedia)">Cryptophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ciliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Ciliophora">Ciliophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apicomplexa" title="Apicomplexa">Apicomplexa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dinoflagellata" title="Dinoflagellata">Dinoflagellata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euglenozoa" title="Euglenozoa">Euglenozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Percolozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Percolozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Percolozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metamonada" title="Metamonada">Metamonada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiolaria" title="Radiolaria">Radiolaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foraminifera" title="Foraminifera">Foraminifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cercozoa" title="Cercozoa">Cercozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rhodophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhodophyta">Rhodophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glaucophyta" title="Glaucophyta">Glaucophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amoebozoa" title="Amoebozoa">Amoebozoa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fungi" title="Fungi">Fungi</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chytridiomycota" title="Chytridiomycota">Chytridiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blastocladiomycota" title="Blastocladiomycota">Blastocladiomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Neocallimastigomycota&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Neocallimastigomycota (halaman belum tersedia)">Neocallimastigomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glomeromycota" title="Glomeromycota">Glomeromycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zygomycota" title="Zygomycota">Zygomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ascomycota" title="Ascomycota">Ascomycota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basidiomycota" title="Basidiomycota">Basidiomycota</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Plantae</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chlorophyta" title="Chlorophyta">Chlorophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charophyta" title="Charophyta">Charophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumut_hati" title="Lumut hati">Marchantiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumut_tanduk" title="Lumut tanduk">Anthocerotophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumut_daun" title="Lumut daun">Bryophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lycopodiophyta" title="Lycopodiophyta">Lycopodiophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_paku" title="Tumbuhan paku">Pteridophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycadophyta" title="Cycadophyta">Cycadophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ginkgophyta" title="Ginkgophyta">Ginkgophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tumbuhan_runjung" title="Tumbuhan runjung">Pinophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gnetophyta" title="Gnetophyta">Gnetophyta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magnoliophyta" class="mw-redirect" title="Magnoliophyta">Magnoliophyta</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hewan" title="Hewan">Animalia</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Porifera" title="Porifera">Porifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ctenophora" title="Ctenophora">Ctenophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placozoa" title="Placozoa">Placozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cnidaria" title="Cnidaria">Cnidaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenacoelomorpha" title="Xenacoelomorpha">Xenacoelomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemichordata" title="Hemichordata">Hemichordata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Echinodermata" title="Echinodermata">Echinodermata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cacing_panah" title="Cacing panah">Chaetognatha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinorhyncha" title="Kinorhyncha">Kinorhyncha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loricifera" title="Loricifera">Loricifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priapulida" title="Priapulida">Priapulida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematoda" title="Nematoda">Nematoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nematomorpha" title="Nematomorpha">Nematomorpha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onychophora" title="Onychophora">Onychophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tardigrada" title="Tardigrada">Tardigrada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artropoda" title="Artropoda">Arthropoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Platyhelminthes" title="Platyhelminthes">Platyhelminthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gastrotricha" title="Gastrotricha">Gastrotricha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthonectida" title="Orthonectida">Orthonectida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dicyemida" title="Dicyemida">Dicyemida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotifera" title="Rotifera">Rotifera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acanthocephala" title="Acanthocephala">Acanthocephala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gnathostomulida&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gnathostomulida (halaman belum tersedia)">Gnathostomulida</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Micrognathozoa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Micrognathozoa (halaman belum tersedia)">Micrognathozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cycliophora" class="mw-redirect" title="Cycliophora">Cycliophora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nemertea" title="Nemertea">Nemertea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phoronida" title="Phoronida">Phoronida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bryozoa" title="Bryozoa">Bryozoa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entoprocta" title="Entoprocta">Entoprocta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brakiopoda" title="Brakiopoda">Brachiopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moluska" title="Moluska">Mollusca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Annelida" title="Annelida">Annelida</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sipuncula" title="Sipuncula">Sipuncula</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em"><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><i><a href="/wiki/Parakaryon_myojinensis" title="Parakaryon myojinensis">Parakaryon</a></i></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pengidentifikasi_takson" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th id="Pengidentifikasi_takson" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: left;"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi_takson" title="Bantuan:Pengidentifikasi takson">Pengidentifikasi takson</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikidata" title="Wikidata">Wikidata</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756" class="extiw" title="wikidata:Q756">Q756</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a>: <span class="uid"><span class="external"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Plantae" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Plantae">Plantae</a></span></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/AlgaeBase" title="AlgaeBase">AlgaeBase</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.algaebase.org/browse/taxonomy/detail/?taxonid=1">1</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Australian_Plant_Name_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian Plant Name Index">APNI</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.biodiversity.org.au/name/apni/54717">54717</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">BioLib: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.biolib.cz/en/taxon/id14871">14871</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Encyclopedia_of_Life" title="Encyclopedia of Life">EoL</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://eol.org/pages/281">281</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/EPPO_Code" class="mw-redirect" title="EPPO Code">EPPO</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gd.eppo.int/taxon/1PLAK">1PLAK</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Fossilworks" title="Fossilworks">Fossilworks</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/0/http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=151418">151418</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Global_Biodiversity_Information_Facility" class="mw-redirect" title="Global Biodiversity Information Facility">GBIF</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gbif.org/species/6">6</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/INaturalist" title="INaturalist">iNaturalist</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://inaturalist.org/taxa/47126">47126</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Invasive_Species_Compendium" title="Invasive Species Compendium">ISC</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cabi.org/isc/datasheet/107789">107789</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Taxonomic_Information_System" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Taxonomic Information System">ITIS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.itis.gov/servlet/SingleRpt/SingleRpt?search_topic=TSN&search_value=202422">202422</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=MycoBank&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MycoBank (halaman belum tersedia)">MycoBank</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.mycobank.org/MB/514430">514430</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">NZOR: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzor.org.nz/names/3ead4965-50d6-4373-a616-240cc151c611">3ead4965-50d6-4373-a616-240cc151c611</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;">PPE: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bladmineerders.nl/host-plants/plantae/">plantae</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=National_Herbarium_of_Victoria&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="National Herbarium of Victoria (halaman belum tersedia)">VicFlora</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vicflora.rbg.vic.gov.au/flora/taxon/da1de22e-1d65-4197-9f4c-38ca39b964af">da1de22e-1d65-4197-9f4c-38ca39b964af</a></span></span></li> <li><span style="white-space:nowrap;"><a href="/wiki/World_Register_of_Marine_Species" title="World Register of Marine Species">WoRMS</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=3">3</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r23782733"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r25847331"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Pengawasan_otoritas_frameless_&#124;text-top_&#124;10px_&#124;alt=Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata_&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756#identifiers&#124;Sunting_ini_di_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Bantuan:Pengawasan_otoritas" title="Bantuan:Pengawasan otoritas">Pengawasan otoritas</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756#identifiers" title="Sunting ini di Wikidata"><img alt="Sunting ini di Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Umum</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4045539-7">Integrated Authority File (Jerman)</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Perpustakaan nasional</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX525083">Spanyol</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933145f">Prancis</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11933145f">(data)</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/subjects/sh85102839">Amerika Serikat</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00572119">Jepang</a></span></li> <li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ph116070&CON_LNG=ENG">Republik Ceko</a></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lain-lain</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10641997">National Archives (US)</a></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUDOC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="SUDOC (identifier)">SUDOC (Prancis)</a> <ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/040761320">1</a></span></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Diperoleh dari "<a dir="ltr" href="https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&oldid=26468112">https://id.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&oldid=26468112</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Istimewa:Daftar_kategori" title="Istimewa:Daftar kategori">Kategori</a>: <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements_from_Juli_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Articles containing potentially dated statements from Juli 2011 (halaman belum tersedia)">Articles containing potentially dated statements from Juli 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Tumbuhan" title="Kategori:Tumbuhan">Tumbuhan</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Eukariota" title="Kategori:Eukariota">Eukariota</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kategori:Makhluk_hidup&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kategori:Makhluk hidup (halaman belum tersedia)">Makhluk hidup</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Kategori tersembunyi: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Menggunakan_parameter_penulis" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis">Pemeliharaan CS1: Menggunakan parameter penulis</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Templat_webarchive_tautan_wayback" title="Kategori:Templat webarchive tautan wayback">Templat webarchive tautan wayback</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pages_using_multiple_image_with_auto_scaled_images" title="Kategori:Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images">Pages using multiple image with auto scaled images</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_format_mikro_%27spesies%27" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan format mikro 'spesies'">Artikel dengan format mikro 'spesies'</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Halaman_dengan_automatic_taxobox_yang_tidak_memanggil_butir_Wikidata" title="Kategori:Halaman dengan automatic taxobox yang tidak memanggil butir Wikidata">Halaman dengan automatic taxobox yang tidak memanggil butir Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_parameter_tanggal_yang_tidak_valid_pada_templat" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan parameter tanggal yang tidak valid pada templat">Artikel dengan parameter tanggal yang tidak valid pada templat</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:All_articles_containing_potentially_dated_statements" title="Kategori:All articles containing potentially dated statements">All articles containing potentially dated statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Banyak_nama:_authors_list" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list">Pemeliharaan CS1: Banyak nama: authors list</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Pemeliharaan_CS1:_Penggunaan_et_al._yang_eksplisit" title="Kategori:Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit">Pemeliharaan CS1: Penggunaan et al. yang eksplisit</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_dengan_pranala_luar_nonaktif_permanen" title="Kategori:Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen">Artikel dengan pranala luar nonaktif permanen</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_GND" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNE" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNE</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_BNF" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda BNF</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_LCCN" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda LCCN</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NDL" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NDL</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NKC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NKC</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_NARA" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda NARA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Kategori:Artikel_Wikipedia_dengan_penanda_SUDOC" title="Kategori:Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC">Artikel Wikipedia dengan penanda SUDOC</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Halaman ini terakhir diubah pada 27 Oktober 2024, pukul 10.51.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Teks tersedia di bawah <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Lisensi Atribusi-BerbagiSerupa Creative Commons</a>; ketentuan tambahan mungkin berlaku. Lihat <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ketentuan Penggunaan</a> untuk rincian lebih lanjut.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Kebijakan privasi</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tentang">Tentang Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Penyangkalan_umum">Penyangkalan</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Kode Etik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Pengembang</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/id.wikipedia.org">Statistik</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Pernyataan kuki</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//id.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tumbuhan&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Tampilan seluler</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Pencarian</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Telusuri Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Istimewa:Pencarian"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Cari</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Daftar isi" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Gulingkan daftar isi" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Gulingkan daftar isi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tumbuhan</span></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>234 bahasa</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Bagian baru</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-9kwmb","wgBackendResponseTime":126,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.924","walltime":"1.114","ppvisitednodes":{"value":22748,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":481552,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":87153,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":29,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":34,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":65209,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":15,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 956.304 1 -total"," 70.22% 671.533 42 Templat:Navbox"," 28.68% 274.230 1 Templat:Automatic_taxobox"," 28.25% 270.120 1 Templat:Taxobox/core"," 18.63% 178.207 1 Templat:Long_fossil_range"," 16.98% 162.411 1 Templat:All_time_250px"," 16.76% 160.324 15 Templat:Long_fossil_range/bar_250"," 14.51% 138.794 1 Templat:Taxonbar"," 13.58% 129.872 101 Templat:Period_start"," 13.40% 128.174 1 Templat:Reflist"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.457","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":7760508,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-vg8lf","timestamp":"20250215170934","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Tumbuhan","url":"https:\/\/id.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Tumbuhan","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q756","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q756","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Kontributor dari proyek Wikimedia."},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2004-03-06T15:34:57Z","dateModified":"2024-10-27T10:51:05Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/5\/57\/Fr%C3%BChling_bl%C3%BChender_Kirschenbaum.jpg","headline":"kerajaan dari eukariota fotosintetis"}</script> </body> </html>