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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size: 100%;"><div class="fn" style="font-size:125%;">Balraj Madhok</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender;line-height:normal;padding:0.2em;"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">President of Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="border-bottom:none"><span class="nowrap"><b>In office</b></span><br />1966–1967</td><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Preceded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bachhraj_Vyas" title="Bachhraj Vyas">Bachhraj Vyas</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="text-align:left"><span class="nowrap">Succeeded by</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: #202122; background:lavender">Personal details</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1920-02-25</span>)</span>25 February 1920<br /><a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a>, <a href="/wiki/British_India" class="mw-redirect" title="British India">British India</a><br /> (now in <a href="/wiki/Gilgit-Baltistan" title="Gilgit-Baltistan">Gilgit-Baltistan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pakistan" title="Pakistan">Pakistan</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">2 May 2016<span style="display:none">(2016-05-02)</span> (aged 96)<br /><a href="/wiki/Delhi" title="Delhi">Delhi</a>, <a href="/wiki/India" title="India">India</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Political party</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh" title="Bharatiya Jana Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Alma_mater" title="Alma mater">Alma mater</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/DAV_College" class="mw-redirect" title="DAV College">Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data">Activist, politician</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Profession</th><td class="infobox-data">Lecturer in history</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="border-top: 1px solid right;"><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Balraj Madhok</b> (बलराज मधोक; 25 February 1920 – 2 May 2016) was an Indian political activist and politician from <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>. Originally an activist of the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Nationalist">nationalist</a> organisation <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS), he later worked as a politician in the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Jan Sangh">Bharatiya Jan Sangh</a> (BJS). </p><p>Madhok was instrumental in launching the RSS in the princely state of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> and later the political party <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Jammu Praja Parishad</a> for representing the interests of Jammu Hindus. He eventually rose to become the president of the Bharatiya Jana Sangh and led its successful contest in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">general election of 1967</a>. He was later expelled from Bharatiya Jana Sangh for "anti-party" activities after the death of <a href="/wiki/Deendayal_Upadhyaya" title="Deendayal Upadhyaya">Deendayal Upadhyaya</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madhok came from a <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>-based <a href="/wiki/Khatri" title="Khatri">Khatri</a> family with <a href="/wiki/Arya_Samaj" title="Arya Samaj">Arya Samaj</a> leanings.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His father Jagannath Madhok was from Jalhan in the <a href="/wiki/Gujranwala" title="Gujranwala">Gujranwala</a> district of <a href="/wiki/Punjab,_Pakistan" title="Punjab, Pakistan">West Punjab</a>, and worked as an official in the Government of <a href="/wiki/Jammu_and_Kashmir_(princely_state)" title="Jammu and Kashmir (princely state)">Jammu and Kashmir</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Ladakh" title="Ladakh">Ladakh</a> division.<sup id="cite_ref-Balraj_Madhok_Bio_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balraj_Madhok_Bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Balraj Madhok was born in <a href="/wiki/Skardu" title="Skardu">Skardu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Baltistan" title="Baltistan">Baltistan</a> and spent early childhood at Jallen. He studied in <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a>, the Prince of Wales College in <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Dayanand_College" title="Dayanand College">Dayanand Anglo-Vedic College</a> (DAV College) in <a href="/wiki/Lahore" title="Lahore">Lahore</a>, graduating with B. A. Honours in History in 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-Balraj_Madhok_Bio_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Balraj_Madhok_Bio-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Personal_life">Personal life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Personal life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He married Kamla, who was a professor at the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a>. He had two daughters.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (February 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>He died at the age of 96 on 2 May 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was unwell for some time and had been admitted to the <a href="/wiki/All_India_Institute_of_Medical_Sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="All India Institute of Medical Sciences">All India Institute of Medical Sciences</a> in New Delhi for a month. His death was condoled by many including the <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_India" title="Prime Minister of India">Prime Minister of India</a> <a href="/wiki/Narendra_Modi" title="Narendra Modi">Narendra Modi</a> and several others including <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prime Minister Modi visited Madhok's residence to pay his last respects. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Jammu_and_Kashmir">Jammu and Kashmir</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Jammu and Kashmir"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While studying in <a href="/wiki/Jammu" title="Jammu">Jammu</a>, Madhok joined the <a href="/wiki/Rashtriya_Swayamsevak_Sangh" title="Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh">Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh</a> (RSS) in 1938, which he found to be close to the Arya Samaj way of thinking. He became a <a href="/wiki/RSS_pracharak" class="mw-redirect" title="RSS pracharak">pracharak</a> (full-time worker) for the RSS in 1942 and was appointed as a worker for Jammu.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He is said to have worked in this position for about eight months building up the RSS network. He then moved to <a href="/wiki/Srinagar" title="Srinagar">Srinagar</a> in 1944 as a lecturer in history at the DAV College and continued to work as an RSS organiser. He established the RSS network in the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_Valley" title="Kashmir Valley">Kashmir Valley</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence201173_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence201173-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When the Hindu refugees started arriving in Srinagar after the <a href="/wiki/Partition_of_India" title="Partition of India">Partition</a>, they also joined the RSS branches. <a href="/wiki/Mehr_Chand_Mahajan" title="Mehr Chand Mahajan">Mehr Chand Mahajan</a>, the Prime Minister of Jammu & Kashmir from 15 October 1947, was the Chairman of the managing society of the DAV College. The RSS also provided aid for the Hindu and Sikh refugees arriving from <a href="/wiki/Mirpur,_Pakistan" class="mw-redirect" title="Mirpur, Pakistan">Mirpur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bhimber" title="Bhimber">Bhimber</a>, <a href="/wiki/Muzaffarabad" title="Muzaffarabad">Muzaffarabad</a> and other towns, cities and villages that were coming under Pakistani control in western Jammu and Kashmir. </p><p>After the state joined India and <a href="/wiki/Sheikh_Abdullah" title="Sheikh Abdullah">Sheikh Abdullah</a> was appointed as the Head of Emergency Administration in the Kashmir Valley, Madhok moved back to Jammu. He worked to form the <a href="/wiki/Jammu_Praja_Parishad" title="Jammu Praja Parishad">Praja Parishad</a> party, founded in November 1947, in collaboration with Hari Wazir. <a href="/wiki/Prem_Nath_Dogra" title="Prem Nath Dogra">Prem Nath Dogra</a> also joined later. The party demanded the complete unification of Jammu and Kashmir with India, in opposition to the loose autonomy negotiated between Abdullah and <a href="/wiki/Jawaharlal_Nehru" title="Jawaharlal Nehru">Nehru</a> (later embodied in the <a href="/wiki/Article_370" class="mw-redirect" title="Article 370">Article 370</a>). Madhok was extended from Jammu and Kashmir by Sheikh Abdullah as a result of his political stance.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012195_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012195-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madhok moved to Delhi in 1948 and started teaching at the Panjab University College, which was established for the education of refugees from West Punjab.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Later, he was a lecturer of history at the DAV College in Delhi affiliated to the <a href="/wiki/Delhi_University" title="Delhi University">Delhi University</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1951, Madhok launched the student union of the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>, <i>viz</i>., the <a href="/wiki/Akhil_Bharatiya_Vidyarthi_Parishad" title="Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad">Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996127_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996127-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bharatiya_Jana_Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Bharatiya Jana Sangh"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1951, Madhok joined <a href="/wiki/Shyama_Prasad_Mookerjee" class="mw-redirect" title="Shyama Prasad Mookerjee">Shyama Prasad Mookerjee</a> in the formation of what later become the political party of the <a href="/wiki/Sangh_Parivar" title="Sangh Parivar">Sangh Parivar</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Jan_Sangh" class="mw-redirect" title="Bharatiya Jan Sangh">Bharatiya Jana Sangh</a>. The Bengal branch of the Jana Sangh was established by Mookerjee on 23 April 1951 and the Panjab and Delhi branch was established by Madhok a month later, on 27 May 1951. Madhok served as the secretary of the Panjab branch and later, a member of the Working Committee of the national organisation.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was part of the RSS-dominated Working Committee of the Jana Sangh in 1954, which ensured the ouster of the traditional politician wing led by the President <a href="/wiki/M._C._Sharma" class="mw-redirect" title="M. C. Sharma">M. C. Sharma</a>. The Delhi branch of the party was dissolved and then reconstituted with RSS pracharaks at the helm. Madhok continued to be active in the Delhi branch of Jana Sangh, and won the Lok Sabha seat for Delhi in 1961.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010289_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010289-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1966–67, Madhok rose to become the President of the Jana Sangh.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He led the party in the <a href="/wiki/1967_Indian_general_election" title="1967 Indian general election">general election of 1967</a>, when the party won 35 seats in the Lok Sabha, its highest tally. Madhok tried to create a coalition of rightist forces along with the <a href="/wiki/Swatantra_Party" title="Swatantra Party">Swatantra Party</a>. He saw the split in the <a href="/wiki/Indian_National_Congress" title="Indian National Congress">Congress party</a> in 1969 as an opportunity to expand the role of Jana Sangh. However, the strategy was opposed by <a href="/wiki/A._B._Vajpayee" class="mw-redirect" title="A. B. Vajpayee">A. B. Vajpayee</a>, who represented the hardline RSS faction inside the party. Madhok denounced what he called the party's `leftist' leanings and the influence of the RSS on its functioning. His stand led to his marginalisation in the party. In 1973, <a href="/wiki/L._K._Advani" title="L. K. Advani">L. K. Advani</a>, who became the president, expelled Madhok from the party for three years.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Madhok was arrested during the <a href="/wiki/Indian_Emergency" class="mw-redirect" title="Indian Emergency">Emergency</a> and was imprisoned for 18 months, (1975–1977). He joined the <a href="/wiki/Janata_Party" title="Janata Party">Janata Party</a>, into which Jana Sangh merged, but resigned in 1979 and tried to revive Jana Sangh under the name Akhil Bharatiya Jana Sangh. However, the party was not successful.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In an interview with the <i><a href="/wiki/Hindustan_Times" title="Hindustan Times">Hindustan Times</a></i> in 2010 on the occasion of his 90th birthday, he claimed that his then opponent <a href="/wiki/Indira_Gandhi" title="Indira Gandhi">Indira Gandhi</a> had offered him the post of a central Minister in 1980 on her return to power.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2010)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_career">Later career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Later career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Right from his expulsion in 1973, Madhok remained a pungent critic of <a href="/wiki/Bharatiya_Janata_Party" title="Bharatiya Janata Party">Bharatiya Janata Party</a> leaders <a href="/wiki/Atal_Bihari_Vajpayee" title="Atal Bihari Vajpayee">Atal Bihari Vajpayee</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lal_Krishna_Advani" class="mw-redirect" title="Lal Krishna Advani">Lal Krishna Advani</a> and their policies. During his last years, he resided in the <a href="/wiki/Rajendra_Nagar,_Delhi" title="Rajendra Nagar, Delhi">New Rajinder Nagar</a> area of <a href="/wiki/New_Delhi" title="New Delhi">New Delhi</a>. The road where his house is located stands named as <i>Jagannath Madhok Lane</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Works">Works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Madhok has authored over thirty books. A good number of them were on the <a href="/wiki/Kashmir_conflict" title="Kashmir conflict">Kashmir conflict</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>Kashmir Problem: A Story of Bungling</i> (Bharti Sahitya Sadan, 1952)</li> <li><i>Kashmir: Centre of New Alignments</i> (Deepak Prakashan, 1963)</li> <li><i>Kashmir: The Storm Center of The World</i> (A. Ghosh, Texas, 1992)</li> <li><i>A Story of Bungling in Kashmir</i> (Young Asia Publications, 1972)</li> <li><i>Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh: Problem & Solution</i> (Reliance Publishing House, 1987)</li> <li><i>Kargil and Indo-Pak Relations</i></li></ul> <p>some on <a href="/wiki/Hindu_nationalism" title="Hindu nationalism">Hindu nationalism</a>: </p> <ul><li><i>Indian Nationalism</i> (Bharati Sahitya Sadan, 1969)</li> <li><i>Indianisation? What, Why and How</i> (S. Chand, 1970)</li></ul> <p>and others on general political affairs: </p> <ul><li><i>Hindustan on the Cross Roads</i> (Mehta Brothers, Lahore, 1946)</li> <li><i>Political Trends in India</i> (S. Chand, 1959)</li> <li><i>Portrait of a Martyr: Biography of Shyama Prasad Mukerjee</i></li> <li><i>India's Foreign Policy & National Affairs</i> (Bharatiya Sahitya Sadan, 1969)</li> <li><i>Murder of Democracy</i> (S. Chand, 1973)</li> <li><i>Reflections of a Detenu</i> (Newman Group, 1978)</li> <li><i>Stormy Decade: Indian Politics, 1970–1980</i> (Indian Book Gallery, 1980)</li> <li><i>Punjab problem, the Muslim connection</i> (Hindu World Publications, 1985)</li></ul> <p>He also wrote in Hindi: </p> <ul><li><i>Jeet Ya Haar</i> (in Hindi)</li> <li><i>Jindgi Ka Safar</i> parts 1, 2 and 3 (in Hindi)</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/Christophe_Jaffrelot" title="Christophe Jaffrelot">Christophe Jaffrelot</a> has included extracts from <i>Indianisation? What, Why and How</i> in his <i>Hindu Nationalism - A Reader</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007Chapter_9_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007Chapter_9-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAthmaram_Kulkarni1995" class="citation book cs1">Athmaram Kulkarni (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=4xhuAAAAMAAJ"><i>The Advent of Advani: An Authentic Critical Biography</i></a>. Adiyta Prakashan. p. 91. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-85345-22-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-85345-22-2"><bdi>978-81-85345-22-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Advent+of+Advani%3A+An+Authentic+Critical+Biography&rft.pages=91&rft.pub=Adiyta+Prakashan&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-81-85345-22-2&rft.au=Athmaram+Kulkarni&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D4xhuAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010288_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot2010">Jaffrelot 2010</a>, p. 288.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBaxter1969" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Craig_Baxter" title="Craig Baxter">Baxter, Craig</a> (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w1QrEAAAQBAJ&pg=PA336"><i>The Jana Sangh: A Biography of an Indian Political Party</i></a>. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Press" title="University of Pennsylvania Press">University of Pennsylvania Press</a>. p. 336. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-5128-0032-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-5128-0032-6"><bdi>978-1-5128-0032-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Jana+Sangh%3A+A+Biography+of+an+Indian+Political+Party&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=University+of+Pennsylvania+Press&rft.date=1969&rft.isbn=978-1-5128-0032-6&rft.aulast=Baxter&rft.aufirst=Craig&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw1QrEAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA336&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Balraj_Madhok_Bio-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Balraj_Madhok_Bio_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Balraj_Madhok_Bio_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://janasangh.com/jsart.aspx?stid=194">"Balraj Madhok: A Life Sketch"</a>. <i>Jana Sangh Today</i>. February 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 March</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Jana+Sangh+Today&rft.atitle=Balraj+Madhok%3A+A+Life+Sketch&rft.date=2007-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjanasangh.com%2Fjsart.aspx%3Fstid%3D194&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.hindustantimes.com/india/veteran-rss-leader-balraj-madhok-dies/story-6KIAvI7XfuqifafXAEKLoL.html">"Veteran RSS leader Balraj Madhok dies"</a>. <i>Hindustan Times</i>. 2 May 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 May</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Hindustan+Times&rft.atitle=Veteran+RSS+leader+Balraj+Madhok+dies&rft.date=2016-05-02&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hindustantimes.com%2Findia%2Fveteran-rss-leader-balraj-madhok-dies%2Fstory-6KIAvI7XfuqifafXAEKLoL.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehindu.com/news/national/former-jan-sangh-president-balraj-madhok-passes-away/article8547021.ece?w=alauto">Former Jan Sangh president Balraj Madhok passes away</a>, The Hindu, 2 May 2016.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence201173-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence201173_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFSahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence2011">Sahagala, Jammu & Kashmir: A State in Turbulence 2011</a>, p. 73.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012195-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012195_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012">Das Gupta, Jammu and Kashmir 2012</a>, p. 195.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.du.ac.in/du/index.php?page=p-g-d-a-v-college-evening">P.G.D.A.V. College (Evening)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160311171138/http://www.du.ac.in/du/index.php?page=p-g-d-a-v-college-evening">Archived</a> 11 March 2016 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, University of Delhi, retrieved 2015-05-08.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996127-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996127_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot1996">Jaffrelot 1996</a>, p. 127.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007159_11-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot2007">Jaffrelot 2007</a>, p. 159.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010289-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2010289_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot2010">Jaffrelot 2010</a>, p. 289.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot1996122_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot1996">Jaffrelot 1996</a>, p. 122.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007Chapter_9-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJaffrelot2007Chapter_9_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFJaffrelot2007">Jaffrelot 2007</a>, Chapter 9.</span> </li> </ol></div> <dl><dt>Sources</dt></dl> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDas_Gupta,_Jammu_and_Kashmir2012" class="citation cs2">Das Gupta, Jyoti Bhusan (2012), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=dpTpCAAAQBAJ"><i>Jammu and Kashmir</i></a>, Springer, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-94-011-9231-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-94-011-9231-6"><bdi>978-94-011-9231-6</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+and+Kashmir&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-94-011-9231-6&rft.aulast=Das+Gupta&rft.aufirst=Jyoti+Bhusan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DdpTpCAAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot2010" class="citation book cs1">Jaffrelot, Christophe (2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XAO3i_gS61wC&pg=PA288"><i>Religion, Caste, and Politics in India</i></a>. Primus Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-04-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-93-80607-04-7"><bdi>978-93-80607-04-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Religion%2C+Caste%2C+and+Politics+in+India&rft.pub=Primus+Books&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-93-80607-04-7&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXAO3i_gS61wC%26pg%3DPA288&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot2007" class="citation book cs1">Jaffrelot, Christophe (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=o17XAAAAMAAJ"><i>Hindu Nationalism: A Reader</i></a>. Princeton University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13097-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-691-13097-2"><bdi>978-0-691-13097-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Hindu+Nationalism%3A+A+Reader&rft.pub=Princeton+University+Press&rft.date=2007&rft.isbn=978-0-691-13097-2&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Do17XAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJaffrelot1996" class="citation book cs1">Jaffrelot, Christophe (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lz2hQgAACAAJ"><i>The Hindu Nationalist Movement in India</i></a>. Columbia University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10334-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-10334-3"><bdi>978-0-231-10334-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Hindu+Nationalist+Movement+in+India&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-231-10334-3&rft.aulast=Jaffrelot&rft.aufirst=Christophe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dlz2hQgAACAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMadhok,_Kashmir_Storm_Centre_of_the_World1992" class="citation book cs1"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Madhok, Bal Raj</a> (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.koausa.org/storm/index.html"><i>Kashmir: The Storm Centre of the World</i></a>. Houston, Texas: A. Ghosh. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780961161491" title="Special:BookSources/9780961161491"><bdi>9780961161491</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kashmir%3A+The+Storm+Centre+of+the+World&rft.place=Houston%2C+Texas&rft.pub=A.+Ghosh&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780961161491&rft.aulast=Madhok&rft.aufirst=Bal+Raj&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.koausa.org%2Fstorm%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSahagala,_Jammu_&_Kashmir:_A_State_in_Turbulence2011" class="citation cs2">Sahagala, Narendra (2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MwW3AgAAQBAJ&pg=PT5"><i>Jammu & Kashmir: A State in Turbulence</i></a>, Suruchi Prakashan, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-81-89622-83-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-81-89622-83-1"><bdi>978-81-89622-83-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jammu+%26+Kashmir%3A+A+State+in+Turbulence&rft.pub=Suruchi+Prakashan&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-81-89622-83-1&rft.aulast=Sahagala&rft.aufirst=Narendra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMwW3AgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPT5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVarshney" class="citation cs2">Varshney, M. R., <i>Jana Sangh, RSS and Balraj Madhok</i>, Aligarh: Varshney College</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jana+Sangh%2C+RSS+and+Balraj+Madhok&rft.place=Aligarh&rft.pub=Varshney+College&rft.aulast=Varshney&rft.aufirst=M.+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABalraj+Madhok" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Balraj_Madhok&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output 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