CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" lang="en-US"> <head profile="http://gmpg.org/xfn/11"><script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/bundle-playback.js?v=HxkREWBo" charset="utf-8"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/wombat.js?v=txqj7nKC" charset="utf-8"></script> <script>window.RufflePlayer=window.RufflePlayer||{};window.RufflePlayer.config={"autoplay":"on","unmuteOverlay":"hidden"};</script> <script type="text/javascript" src="/_static/js/ruffle/ruffle.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> __wm.init("https://web.archive.org/web"); __wm.wombat("http://www.aeroflight.co.uk:80/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm","20160406184814","https://web.archive.org/","web","/_static/", "1459968494"); </script> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/banner-styles.css?v=S1zqJCYt" /> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/_static/css/iconochive.css?v=3PDvdIFv" />  <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"/> <title>Aeroflight » Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk</title> <meta name="title" content="Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk"/> <meta name="description" content="[toc] <div align="center"><a href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4506.jpg"><IMG alt="" border="1" height="249" src="http://ww ..."/> <meta property="og:title" content="Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk"/> <meta property="og:url" content="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm"/> <meta property="og:description" content="[toc] <div align="center"><a href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4506.jpg"><IMG alt="" border="1" height="249" src="http://ww ..."/> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Aeroflight"/> <meta property="fb:admins" content="https://www.facebook.com/Aeroflight-Publishing-455800894525949/"/> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk"/> <meta name="twitter:description" content="[toc] <div align="center"><a href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4506.jpg"><IMG alt="" border="1" height="249" src="http://ww ..."/> <meta name="twitter:domain" content="Aeroflight"/> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"/> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/style.css" type="text/css" media="screen"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Aeroflight RSS Feed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/feed"/> <link rel="pingback" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/xmlrpc.php"/> <style type="text/css" media="screen"> body{ background: #fff url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/bodybg.gif"); } #superheader{ background: url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/superheaderbg.gif") top left repeat-x; } #header{ background: #fff url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/hurricane-header4.jpg") top center no-repeat; } #wrapper2{ background: #fff url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/wrapperbg.gif") top right repeat-y; } .menu ul li.widget ul li{ background: url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/listbullet.gif") no-repeat 0 3px; } .menu ul li.widget ul li ul li{ background: url("https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/listbullet.gif") no-repeat 0 1px; } </style> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/scripts/utils.js"></script> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Aeroflight » Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk Comments Feed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm/feed"/> <script type="text/javascript"> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406184814\/https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/72x72\/","ext":".png","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406184814\/http:\/\/www.aeroflight.co.uk\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=4.4.2"}}; !function(a,b,c){function d(a){var c,d=b.createElement("canvas"),e=d.getContext&&d.getContext("2d"),f=String.fromCharCode;return e&&e.fillText?(e.textBaseline="top",e.font="600 32px Arial","flag"===a?(e.fillText(f(55356,56806,55356,56826),0,0),d.toDataURL().length>3e3):"diversity"===a?(e.fillText(f(55356,57221),0,0),c=e.getImageData(16,16,1,1).data.toString(),e.fillText(f(55356,57221,55356,57343),0,0),c!==e.getImageData(16,16,1,1).data.toString()):("simple"===a?e.fillText(f(55357,56835),0,0):e.fillText(f(55356,57135),0,0),0!==e.getImageData(16,16,1,1).data[0])):!1}function e(a){var c=b.createElement("script");c.src=a,c.type="text/javascript",b.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(c)}var f,g;c.supports={simple:d("simple"),flag:d("flag"),unicode8:d("unicode8"),diversity:d("diversity")},c.DOMReady=!1,c.readyCallback=function(){c.DOMReady=!0},c.supports.simple&&c.supports.flag&&c.supports.unicode8&&c.supports.diversity||(g=function(){c.readyCallback()},b.addEventListener?(b.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",g,!1),a.addEventListener("load",g,!1)):(a.attachEvent("onload",g),b.attachEvent("onreadystatechange",function(){"complete"===b.readyState&&c.readyCallback()})),f=c.source||{},f.concatemoji?e(f.concatemoji):f.wpemoji&&f.twemoji&&(e(f.twemoji),e(f.wpemoji)))}(window,document,window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <style type="text/css"> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 .07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wpfp-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-favorite-posts/wpfp.css" type="text/css"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="contact-form-7-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/css/styles.css?ver=4.4.1" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="facebookall-button-style-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/facebookall/assets/css/fball_fbbutton.css?ver=4.4.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="table-sorter-custom-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/table-sorter/wp-style.css?ver=4.4.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wordpress-file-upload-style-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/css/wordpress_file_upload_style.css?ver=1.0" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wordpress-file-upload-style-safe-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/css/wordpress_file_upload_style_safe.css?ver=1.0" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jquery-ui-css-css" href="//web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.11.4/themes/smoothness/jquery-ui.css?ver=4.4.2" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="jquery-ui-timepicker-addon-css-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/vendor/datetimepicker/jquery-ui-timepicker-addon.min.css?ver=1.0" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-postratings-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/postratings-css.css?ver=1.83" type="text/css" media="all"/> <link rel="stylesheet" id="wp-pagenavi-css" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814cs_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-pagenavi/pagenavi-css.css?ver=2.70" type="text/css" media="all"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.js?ver=1.11.3"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=1.2.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/table-sorter/jquery.tablesorter.min.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/table-sorter/jquery.metadata.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/table-sorter/wp-script.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/js/json2.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/js/wordpress_file_upload_functions.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-favorite-posts/wpfp.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-json/"/> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/xmlrpc.php?rsd"/> <link rel="wlwmanifest" type="application/wlwmanifest+xml" href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml"/> <link rel="prev" title="English Electric Lightning" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/english-electric-lightning.htm"/> <link rel="next" title="AgustaWestland AW101" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/agustawestland-aw101.htm"/> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 4.4.2"/> <link rel="canonical" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm"/> <link rel="shortlink" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/?p=2491"/> <link rel="alternate" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeroflight.co.uk%2Faircraft%2Ftypes%2Fboeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm"/> <link rel="alternate" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeroflight.co.uk%2Faircraft%2Ftypes%2Fboeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm&format=xml"/> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/facebookall/assets/js/fball_connect.js?ver=1.0.0"></script> <style type="text/css">.toc { border: 1px dashed gray; padding: 10px; float: right; font-size: 0.95em; margin: 5px; } .toc h2 { text-align: center; font-size: 1em; font-weight: bold; } .toc ul, .toc ol { list-style: none; padding: 0; } .toc ul ul, .toc ol ol { margin: 0 0 0 2em; } .toc-end { /*clear: both;*/ } </style><div id="fb-root"></div> <script>(function(d, s, id) { var js, fjs = d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0]; if (d.getElementById(id)) return; js = d.createElement(s); js.id = id; js.src = "//web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://connect.facebook.net/en_US/sdk.js#xfbml=1&version=v2.3"; fjs.parentNode.insertBefore(js, fjs); }(document, 'script', 'facebook-jssdk'));</script> </head> <body> <div id="wrapper"> <div id="wrapper2"> <div id="superheader" style="background-color: #ffffff; height: 34px; background-image: none;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/aerothin1.gif" style="margin-top:5px;"/></a> <div style="width: 300px; float: right; margin-top: 5px; text-align: right; padding: 0px 5px 5px 0px;"> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/about.htm">About Us</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/advertise.htm">Advertise</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/contact-us.htm">Contact Us</a></div> </div> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/blackline.jpg" width="860" height="1"> <div id="header"> </div> <div> <img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/blackline.jpg" width="860" height="1"> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/scripts/milonic_src.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/scripts/mmenudom.js"></script> <noscript><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.milonic.com/">JavaScript DHTML menu is only visible when JavaScript is enabled</a></noscript>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/scripts/menu_data.js"></script></div> <br> </div> <div id="content"> <div id="main"> <p style="text-align: center">  <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script> </p> <div class="breadcrumb breadcrumbs"><div class="rdfa-breadcrumb"><div xmlns:v="http://rdf.data-vocabulary.org/#"><p><span class="breadcrumbs-title"> </span><span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/" class="home">Aeroflight</a></span> <span class="separator">»</span> <span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/category/aircraft" title="Aircraft Types">Aircraft Types</a></span> <span class="separator">»</span> <span typeof="v:Breadcrumb"><a rel="v:url" property="v:title" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/category/aircraft/types" title="Types">Types</a></span> <span class="separator">»</span> Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk</p></div></div></div> <div class="post" id="post-2491"> <div class="entry"> <h2 class="page-header"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm" rel="bookmark" title="Permanent Link to Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk">Boeing/BAE Systems T-45 Goshawk</a></h2> <div align="center"><font size="+1">Aircraft Profile</font></div> <p> <div align="right"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/site/edit-post.htm/?tdomf_post_id=2491">suggest an edit</a></div><br> <div class="toc toc"> <h2>Contents</h2> <ol class="toc-odd level-1"> <li> <a href="#Key_Facts">Key Facts</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Development">Development</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Variants">Variants</a> </li> <li> <a href="#History">History</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Operators">Operators</a> <ol class="toc-even level-2"> <li> <a href="#Military_Operators">Military Operators</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Government_Agencies">Government Agencies</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Civilian_Operators">Civilian Operators</a> </li> </ol> <li> <a href="#Specifications">Specifications</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Production">Production</a> <ol class="toc-even level-2"> <li> <a href="#Design_Centre">Design Centre</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Manufacture">Manufacture</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Production_List">Production List</a> </li> </ol> <li> <a href="#More_Information">More Information</a> <ol class="toc-even level-2"> <li> <a href="#Books">Books</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Magazines">Magazines</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Links">Links</a> </li> <li> <a href="#Shop">Shop</a> </li> </ol> </ol> </ol> </div> <div class="toc-end"> </div> <div align="center"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4506.jpg"><img alt="" border="1" height="249" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4506x.jpg" width="300"></a></div> <div align="center"><font size="-1"><b>Formation of four T-45s from TW-1, NAS Meridian.<br/>(photo, Boeing)</b></font></div> <p> <span id="Key_Facts"><h2>Key Facts</h2></span> <table width="50%" border="0" style="font-size: x-small;"> <tr> <td width="32%"><b>Main Role:</b></td> <td>Naval Intermediate and Advanced Trainer</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Configuration:</b></td> <td>Low-mounted swept-wing jet</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Country:</b> </td> <td>USA/UK</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Current Status:</b></td> <td>In production and service</td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="Development"><h2>Development</h2></span> <p title="" align="JUSTIFY" style="font-size: x-small;"> <p>The T-45 is a rare example of the US Armed Forces adopting in large numbers an aircraft of non-US origin. This must be considered a very positive endorsement for the Hawk jet trainer, from which it was originally derived. However, during it’s protracted development the T-45 has evolved into a training aircraft with virtues which are significantly different from those of the Hawk. <p align="justify"> <p>In the late 1970s the US Navy began formulating the requirements for a new training aircraft to replace the faithful but ageing T-2C Buckeye intermediate trainer and TA-4J Skyhawk advanced trainer. The new aircraft would form part of a fully integrated training system for undergraduate jet pilots – including aircraft, simulators, training aids and logistics support to be furnished by a single contractor. The programme was called VTX-TS, meaning Heavier than air, Training aircraft Experimental – Training System. <p align="justify"> <p>In January 1978 British Aerospace and the Douglas Aircraft (DAC) division of McDonnell-Douglas Corporation (MDC) agreed a teaming arrangement to compete for VTS-TS. McDonnell-Douglas and British Aerospace were already co-operating very successfully on the Harrier II, and so MDC was a natural US partner for the new programme. In late 1978 BAe and Dassault-Dornier were awarded contracts to study the required engineering changes for Hawk and Alpha Jet carrier operations respectively. Early in the evaluation the Hawk demonstrator, ZA101/G-HAWK, had paid a 31 day visit to the USA, during which it flew a total of 85 evaluation sorties. <p align="justify"> <p>On 18 November 1981 the proposed naval Hawk variant was declared the winner and assigned the designation T-45. The Hawk chosen on the basis of its flying quantities, design maturity and low fuel consumption. Mcdonnell-Douglas Corporation (MDC) was designated the prime contractor, with BAe responsible for the airframe, Rolls-Royce for the engine and Sperry for the simulators. Following completion of detailed engineering design, full-scale development was launched in mid-1984, for the production and flight testing of four pre-production aircraft. To speed up introduction into service, it was initially planned to buy 54 non-carrier capable minimum change T-45B versions, before moving on to the more extensively modified T-45A. After review it was decided that producing all aircraft as T-45A models would give better overall value for money, at the cost of a short programme delay. The T-2 and TA-4J trainers remaining in service received life extension programmes to bridge the gap. <p align="justify"> <p>Changes from the standard export Hawk Mk 60 comprised a deeper profile forward fuselage to accommodate a new stronger twin-wheel nose landing gear, with catapult launch bar and improved nosewheel steering; new long-stroke main landing gear stressed to withstand carrier deck landings; main landing gear doors sequenced to close after wheels locked down; twin lateral perforated air brakes on the sides of the rear fuselage, in place of the single ventral air brake; a substantially strengthened airframe and intermediate engine casing; revised US Navy standard cockpit instruments and radios; On-Board Oxygen Generation System (OBOGS) and Martin Baker Mk 14 NACES ejection seats. SMURFs (Side-Mounted Under Root Fins) – small curved surfaces mounted ahead of and below each tailplane – provided a beneficial aerodynamic tweak which was soon introduced on the Hawk Mk 100 and Mk 200. The resulting aircraft was renamed ‘Goshawk’ to avoid any possible confusion with the US Army Hawk missile. <p align="justify"> <p>The first development T-45 aircraft (BuAer. 162787), Ship 1, was rolled out at Long Beach, California, on 16 March 1988, and made it’s maiden flight on 16 April. A second development aircraft (BuAer. 162788) followed in November 1988. These two aircraft have sometimes been erroneously referred to as YT-45s. Flight testing was carried out at Yuma, Arizona and then at NATC Patuxent River, Maryland. <p align="justify"> <p>Although the T-45 met the original VTX requirements, detailed operational flight testing and evaluation by NATC identified a number of performance and flying shortcomings which would adversely affect its ability to safely conduct day-to-day training operations. Accordingly a modification programme was put in place to rectify the perceived deficiencies. The F405-RR-400 turbofan originally fitted, (a derated version of the original 5,450 lb st (2472 kg) Adour 861 engine), was replaced by the 5,845 lb st F405-RR-401, based on the Adour 871 used in the Hawk 100 and 200. The -400 engine had been derated to meet Navy demands for fuel economy and longevity, but it was determined that more thrust was needed in the critical high drag carrier approach configuration. Full-span wing leading edge slats were added, (to improve stall characteristics), and the wing-tips squared off, while a 6-inch (0.152 m) extension to the tail fin was added, and an increased span tailplane with squared tips fitted. A single ventral fin was added in front of the arrestor hook hinge fairing. Control harmonisation was also improved, and airbrake/tailplane movement interconnected. <p align="justify"> <p>While these modifications were being developed, design responsibility for the T-45 was transferred from Douglas at Long Beach to McDonnell-Douglas at St Louis. Although lack of design capacity at Douglas was cited as the main reason, the political and technical benefits from bringing in experience accrued from development of the F/A-18 naval fighter-bomber undoubtedly influenced the decision. Flight testing of the modifications at NATC from September 1990 showed a marked improvement in handling characteristics, and on 4 December 1991 the first pre-production aircraft conducted a successful series of carrier trials aboard the USS John F Kennedy. At this time the T-45 test fleet consisted of the two original (Long Beach built) Full Scale Development (FSD) aircraft with interim uprated F405-RR-400A (Adour 861) engines, and two (Palmdale built) Pre-Production aircraft (BuAer. 163599 & 163600) with F405-RR-401 (Adour 871) engines. <p align="justify"> <p>On 16 December 1991 the first St Louis built T-45A achieved its maiden flight. Built to full production standard, this aircraft was formally handed over to the US Navy on 23 January 1992. Introduction of the type into service at NAS Kingsville, Tx, with VT-21, commenced soon afterwards. As required under the contract, this process involved delivery of simulators and training facilities to Kingsville, conversion of the flying instructors to the new aircraft and the new curriculum, and putting in place the contractorised maintenance organisation to support the aircraft. Undergraduate training on the new type commenced in early 1994, and on 11 February 1994 the first student pilot flew in the T-45. The first class to earn it’s wings on the T-45 graduated in October 1994. <p align="justify"> <p>Further development of the T-45 has continued. One production aircraft (BuAer. 163635) was fitted with an experimental digital ‘glass’ cockpit known as Cockpit 21. Many of the normal dials on the instrument panel were replaced by two monochrome Multi-Function Displays (MFDs) in each cockpit to better represent the type of cockpit now seen in modern front-line aircraft. Additional avionics include a MIL-STD-1553B databus, Rockwell Collins GPS and a Litton ring laser gyro INS. Flight trials commenced on 19 March 1994, and were sufficiently successful that the change was adopted on the production line from the 73rd aircraft (BuAer. 165081). Aircraft with Cockpit 21 are designated T-45C, and it is anticipated that all production T-45As will also be retrofitted to this standard and redesignated T-45C. A proposal to modestly increase fuel capacity, through the use of fuel tanks in the air intakes was dropped. However, US Navy dissatisfaction with some aspects of the F405 engine led in 1996 to one T-45A being fitted with an AlliedSignal F124 engine for flight testing. The F124 engine was offered to some potential T-45 export customers, particularly Australia, but not taken up. The US Navy’s engine concerns were eventually tackled by an F405 engine modification programme put in place by Rolls-Royce. <p align="justify"> <p>T-45s now in service are based at NAS Kingsville, Texas and NAS Meridian, Mississippi. The aircraft are permanently based ashore and flown out to the training carrier for deck landings. Since the transition to the T-45, the training task has been accomplished with 25% fewer flying hours, using 42% fewer aircraft and 46% fewer personnel. With the current T-45 training demand, the U.S. Navy has been averaging more than 60 hours per month per airframe – one of the highest utilisation rates in the world.</p> <table> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/c22-602-45.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/c22-602-45x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr294.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr294x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>A solo student in T-45C 165083</strong></font></td> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>Steam rises as a T-45 waits for the catapult</strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="CENTER"><font size="-1"><strong>(All photos Boeing)</strong></font></td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="Variants"><h2>Variants</h2></span> <p><b>Requirement Specification:</b> VTX-TS<br/> <b>Manufacturers Designation:</b> –</p> <table style="font-size: x-small;"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Development History:</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">VTX-TS </td> <td>Initial US Navy requirement designation.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45A</td> <td>Pre-production development aircraft for flight testing. Initially without wing leading edge slats.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45A</td> <td>Initial production version. Fully carrier capable. Full-span wing leading edge slats. Later upgraded to T-45C standard.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45A</td> <td>One aircraft temporarily fitted with AlliedSignal F124 engine for flight testing.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45A</td> <td>One aircraft with digital cockpit as ‘Cockpit 21’ demonstrator.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45(AN)</td> <td>Version offered to the French Navy in 1991. Cockpit 21 plus additional advanced avionics. Not built.</td> </tr> <tr> <td valign="TOP">T-45B </td> <td>Planned non-carrier capable version. Minimum change version of Hawk Mk.60 for early service entry. Production of 54 planned, with first fight expected February 1987. First two aircraft to be wholly built in the UK. Requirement cancelled and not built, although offered to potential export customers.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="25%" valign="TOP">T-45C</td> <td>Improved production version of T-45A, featuring ‘Cockpit 21’ with digital ‘glass’ cockpit with 2 colour MFDs.</td> </tr> </table> <table> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/T-45-gauthier.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/T-45-gauthierx.jpg" width="300" height="202" border="1" alt=""></a></td> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/e35-0004-26.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/e35-0004-26x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>T-45C 165492 with centreline baggage pod (photo, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/http://www.oricom.ca/pgauthier">Pierre Gauthier</a>)</strong></font></td> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>The graceful wing and tailplane curves of the Hawk have been lost in the T-45 redesign<br/> (photo, Boeing)</strong></font></td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="History"><h2>History</h2></span> <table border="0" style="font-size: x-small;"> <tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Key Dates:</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="right" valign="TOP">1975</td> <td width="2"> </td> <td>US Naval Air Development Center (NADC) studies replacement of T-2C and TA-4J by single VTX aircraft.</td> </tr> <tr> <td width="30%" align="right">May 1977</td> <td width="2"> </td> <td>BAe presentation to US Navy on Hawk aircraft.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">December 1979</td> <td> </td> <td>Request for quotations for VTX-TS proposals issued.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">January 1980</td> <td> </td> <td>MDC and BAe agree to team for VTX-TS.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">June 1981</td> <td> </td> <td>Hawk demonstrator (ZA101/G-HAWK) tours the USA.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">19 November 1981</td> <td> </td> <td>Hawk wins VTX-TS competition. T-45 designation assigned.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">1982</td> <td> </td> <td>Proposal to split production into ‘minimum change’ T-45B followed by carrier capable T-45A.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">late 1983</td> <td> </td> <td>T-45B variant cancelled.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">October 1984</td> <td> </td> <td>Full Scale Development contract for T-45A launched.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">February 1986</td> <td> </td> <td>Construction of two pre-production ‘prototypes’ begun.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">May 1986</td> <td> </td> <td>Engineering Development contract signed by MDC.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">26 January 1988</td> <td> </td> <td>Initial production contract for 12 T-45A aircraft agreed.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">16 March 1988</td> <td> </td> <td>Roll out of first pre-production T-45A (162787) at Long Beach.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">16 April 1988</td> <td> </td> <td>First flight of T-45A (162787).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">2 November 1988</td> <td> </td> <td>First flight of second pre-production aircraft (162788).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">November 1988</td> <td> </td> <td>First US Navy evaluation flights.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">1989</td> <td> </td> <td>US Navy outlines ‘big 5’ deficiencies found in flight testing.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">October 1989</td> <td> </td> <td>Initial planned first delivery for T-45A. Not achieved.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">19 December 1989</td> <td> </td> <td>Design Authority moved from DAC, Long Beach, to McDonnell Douglas, St Louis.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">September 1990</td> <td> </td> <td>Start of flight testing of production standard slatted wing.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">4 December 1991</td> <td> </td> <td>First carrier landing and catapult launch trials conducted on USS John F Kennedy.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">16 December 1991</td> <td> </td> <td>Maiden flight of first (St Louis assembled) full production standard T-45.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">23 January 1992</td> <td> </td> <td>First production aircraft handed over to the US Navy at St Louis.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">1992</td> <td> </td> <td>First T-45A delivered to NAS Kingsville, TX (to VT-21).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">11 February 1994</td> <td> </td> <td>First flight by a US Navy student pilot in a T-45.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">19 March 1994</td> <td> </td> <td>First flight of ‘Cockpit 21’ demonstrator.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">5 October 1994</td> <td> </td> <td>First class of pilots trained on the T-45 graduate.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">17 January 1995</td> <td> </td> <td>Authorisation of full-rate production for T-45.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">7 October 1996</td> <td> </td> <td>Flight testing of T-45A fitted with AlliedSignal F124 engine commences.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">31 October 1997</td> <td> </td> <td>First T-45C presented at St Louis (73rd production aircraft).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">15 December 1997</td> <td> </td> <td>T-45C introduced into US Navy service (at NAS Meridan, MS).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">July 1998</td> <td> </td> <td>Start of student training with T-45C (with VT-23).</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right" valign="TOP">2002</td> <td> </td> <td>Start of programme upgrading T-45A to T-45C standard.</td> </tr> <tr> <td align="right">2007</td> <td> </td> <td>Planned completion of T-45A upgrades to T-45C.</td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="Operators"><h2>Operators</h2></span> <p><span id="Military_Operators"><h3>Military Operators</h3></span> <table width="90%" style="font-size: x-small;" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"> <tr> <td width="45%"><b>USA – Navy </b></td> <td>(234 T-45A/C planned)</td> </tr> </table> <span id="Government_Agencies"><h3>Government Agencies</h3></span> <table width="90%" style="font-size: x-small;" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"> <tr> <td>None</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> <span id="Civilian_Operators"><h3>Civilian Operators</h3></span> <table width="90%" style="font-size: x-small;" bgcolor="#F0F0F0"> <tr> <tr> <td>None</td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> <table> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr701.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr701x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/goshawk.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/goshawkx.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>A pair of T-45Cs wait for catapult launch</strong></font></td> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>‘Ship One’ undergoing initial carrier trials on<br/> the USS John F Kennedy</strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="CENTER"><font size="-1"><strong>(All photos Boeing)</strong></font></td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="Specifications"><h2>Specifications</h2></span> <table style="font-size: x-small;" bgcolor="#FBFFEA"> <tr> <th>Boeing/BAE SYSTEMS T-4A Goshawk</th> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Crew:</b> Two (student – front, instructor – rear)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Dimensions:</b> Length 39 ft 3.125 in (11.97 m) including probe; Height 14 ft 0 in (4.27 m); Wing Span 30 ft 9.75 in (9.39 m); Wing Area 176.9 sq ft (16.69 sq m)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Engine(s):</b> One Rolls-Royce/Turbomeca F405-RR-401 non-afterburning turbofan rated at 5,845 lb st (26.0 kN)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Weights:</b> Empty Equipped 9,399 lb (4,263 kg); Maximum Take-off 12,750 lb (5,783 kg)</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Armament:</b> One hard point under each wing for carriage of practice bombs, rocket pods or drop tanks with 156 US gal (591 lit) of fuel each, plus one under-fuselage centre-line pylon for use in weapons training role.</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Performance:</b> Maximum level speed ‘clean’ 538 kt (625 mph, 997 kph) at 8000 ft (2440 m); Maximum rate of climb at sea level 6,982 ft/min (2128 m/min); Service ceiling 42,250 ft (12,875 m); Ferry range with internal fuel 1,000 nm (1,152 mls, 1,854 km); Endurance 3 hrs 10 mins</td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="Production"><h2>Production</h2></span> <span id="Design_Centre"><h3>Design Centre</h3></span> <p><b>Head of Design Team:</b> Gordon Hodson (initially)<br/> <b>Design Authority:</b> Boeing Military Aircraft, St Louis, MO.</p> <p><span id="Manufacture"><h3>Manufacture</h3></span> <table width="100%" border="0" style="font-size: x-small;" bgcolor="#F5F5E6"> <tr> <td colspan="4"> <div align="center"><b>Boeing Military Aircraft</b><br/>(St Louis, MO, USA)</div> </td> </tr> <tr> <td width="23%"><b>Version</b></td> <td width="12%"><b>Quantity</b></td> <td width="34%"><b>Assembly Location</b></td> <td width="31%"><b>Time Period</b></td> </tr> <tr> <td>T-45A pre-prodn.</td> <td>2*</td> <td>DAC, Long Beach, CA</td> <td>Feb 1986-Nov 1988</td> </tr> <tr> <td>T-45A</td> <td>2</td> <td>DAC, Palmdale, CA</td> <td>Jan 1998-Nov 1990</td> </tr> <tr> <td>T-45A</td> <td>72</td> <td>St Louis, MO</td> <td>1990-1997</td> </tr> <tr> <td>T-45C</td> <td>158**</td> <td>St Louis, MO</td> <td>1997-2007</td> </tr> <tr> <td><b>Total:</b></td> <td>236</td> <td> </td> <td> </td> </tr> </table> <p>* plus one fatigue test airframe and one for drop testing.<br/> ** planned production, at 12 aircraft per year.<br/> Subcontractors: Wings (BAE SYSTEMS, Brough), Centre & Aft Fuselage (BAE SYSTEMS, Samlesbury), Fin & Tailplane (BAE SYSTEMS, Samlesbury?), Windscreen and Canopy (Hamble Aerostructures).</p> <p> <b>Total Produced:</b> 234 a/c (required production) + 2 pre-prodn = 236 total</p> <p><span id="Production_List"><h3>Production List</h3></span> <p>To be added.</p> <table> <tr> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr77.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/fr77x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> <td><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4501.jpg"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/t4501x.jpg" width="300" height="200" border="1" alt=""></a></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>T-45C 165081 in full landing configuration</strong></font></td> <td align="CENTER" valign="TOP"><font size="-1"><strong>T-45A 163606 from NAS Kingsville</strong></font></td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="3" align="CENTER"><font size="-1"><strong>(All photos Boeing)</strong></font></td> </tr> </table> <p><span id="More_Information"><h2>More Information</h2></span> <span id="Books"><h3>Books</h3></span> <p><u>‘British Aerospace Hawk’</u> <br/> by Roy Braybrook<br/> Published by Osprey Publishing, 1984 ISBN: 0 85045 580 4<br/> * Includes a section on the early stages of T-45 development.</p> <p> <u>‘Hawk Comes of Age’</u> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1899808000/aeroflight06"><font color="#FF0000">[Order this book from Amazon UK]</font></a><br/> by Peter R March<br/> Published by RAF Benevolent Fund Enterprises, 1995 ISBN: 1 899808 00 0<br/> * Includes two chapters on the T-45. Good photos.</p> <p> <u>‘World Air Power Journal, Volume 22’</u> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/187402362X/aeroflight06"><font color="#FF0000">[Order this book from Amazon UK]</font></a><br/> Published by Aerospace Publishing Ltd, Autumn 1995 ISBN: 1 874023 62 X<br/> * Includes ‘Focus Aircraft’ feature on the Hawk, including the T-45.</p> <p> <u>‘Hawker Aircraft Since 1920’</u> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/187402300X/aeroflight06"><font color="#FF0000">[Order this book from Amazon UK]</font></a><br/> by Francis K Mason<br/> Published by Putnam Aeronautical Books, 1991 ISBN: 0 85177 839 9<br/> * Includes a section on the early days of the T-45 programme.</p> <p><p> <u>‘Encyclopedia of World Military Aircraft’</u> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.amazon.co.uk/exec/obidos/ASIN/1874023956/aeroflight06"><font color="#FF0000">[Order this book from Amazon UK]</font></a><br/> by David Donald and Jon Lake<br/> Published by Aerospace Publishing Ltd, 1996 ISBN: 1 874023 95 6<br/> * Includes detailed entry on the T-45.</p> <p><span id="Magazines"><h3>Magazines</h3></span> <p>to be added.</p> <p><span id="Links"><h3>Links</h3></span> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.boeing.com/defense-space/military/t45/t45_back.htm">T-45 Training System</a><br/> (Boeing’s T-45 website)</p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://digilander.libero.it/theknights/archive_knights/Goshawk/goshawk.html">T-45 Goshawk Walk around</a><br/> (Close-up photos of the T-45)</p> <p> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.naval-technology.com/projects/t45/">Naval Technology – T-45A Goshawk</a><br/> (Description of T-45)</p> <span id="Shop"><h3>Shop</h3></span> <p><b>Flight Simulator Models:</b><br/> To be added.</p> <p> <b>Scale Models:</b><br/> To be added.</p> <p> <b>Scale Drawings:</b><br/> To be added.</p> <p> <b>Videos:</b></p> <p> To be added.</p> <p> <div style="margin:0"><b>Like this post?</b></div><style>.fballshare_left {float:left;}.fballshare { margin: 0px; text-align:center} .fball_fbshare{width:90px;} .fball_fblike{width:100px;} .fball_pinterest, .fball_linkedin{margin-right:10px;}.fball_plusone {width:70px;}.fball_twitter {width:90px;margin-top:12px;}.fball_pinterest, .fball_linkedin{margin-top:9px;}</style><div class="fballshare"><div class="fball_fblike fballshare_left"><div class="fb-share-button" data-href="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm" data-layout="button_count"></div></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div> </div> <div class="postmetadata"> <p>Tags: <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/bae-systems" rel="tag">BAE SYSTEMS</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/boeing" rel="tag">Boeing</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/goshawk" rel="tag">Goshawk</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/t-45" rel="tag">T-45</a>, <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/tag/trainer" rel="tag">Trainer</a></p> <p><img style="vertical-align:-3px;" alt="categories" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/category.gif" height="16" width="16"/> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/category/aircraft/types" rel="category tag">Types</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/author/admin" title="Posts by admin" rel="author">admin</a> | Posted <img style="vertical-align:-5px;" alt="datetime" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/clock.gif" height="16" width="16"/> 6 March 2010 7:49 am | Last Updated 23 December 2010 8:00 pm | </p> </div> <div class="entry"> <h3 id="comments">2 Comments <a href="#postcomment" title="Leave a comment"></a> </h3> <ul id="commentlist"> <li id="comment-53151"> <div class="gravatar"> <img alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b9ebd8527b1d9680d3e2dd0a4546bba7?s=40&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b9ebd8527b1d9680d3e2dd0a4546bba7?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-40 photo" height="40" width="40"/> </div> <div class="commenttext"> <div class="commentwrapper"> <p class="commentheader"><b>By jacky</b>, 24 April 2013 @ <a href="#comment-53151">2:02 pm</a> </p> <p>c’est un site super! j’ai télécharger votre appareil goswak t-45 et j’en suis très content je vous souhaite une bonne continuation pour votre site *<br/> merci pour ces explications très intéressantes.</p> <p>merci et à bientôt.</p> </div> </div> </li> <li id="comment-53152"> <div class="gravatar"> <img alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b9ebd8527b1d9680d3e2dd0a4546bba7?s=40&d=mm&r=g" srcset="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://2.gravatar.com/avatar/b9ebd8527b1d9680d3e2dd0a4546bba7?s=80&d=mm&r=g 2x" class="avatar avatar-40 photo" height="40" width="40"/> </div> <div class="commenttext"> <div class="commentwrapper"> <p class="commentheader"><b>By jacky</b>, 24 April 2013 @ <a href="#comment-53152">2:03 pm</a> </p> <p>it’s a great site! I download your device goswak t-45 and I am very happy I wish you good luck for your site *<br/> thank you for these very interesting explanations.</p> <p>thank you and goodbye.</p> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <h3 id="comments">Other Links to this Post</h3> <ol id="commentlist"> </ol> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm/feed"><abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr> feed for comments on this post.</a> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/aircraft/types/boeing-bae-systems-t-45-goshawk.htm/trackback" rel="trackback">TrackBack URI</a> </p> <h3 id="postcomment">Leave a comment</h3> <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-comments-post.php" method="post" id="commentform"> <p><input type="text" name="author" id="author" value="" size="28" tabindex="1"/> <label for="author">*Name </label></p> <p><input type="text" name="email" id="email" value="" size="28" tabindex="2"/> <label for="email">*Email (not published) </label></p> <p><input type="text" name="url" id="url" value="" size="28" tabindex="3"/> <label for="url">Website</label></p> <p><textarea name="comment" id="comment" style="width:80%; height:100px;" tabindex="4"></textarea></p> <p><input name="submit" type="submit" id="submit" tabindex="5" value="Add your Comment"/> <input type="hidden" name="comment_post_ID" value="2491"/> </p> <p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="akismet_comment_nonce" name="akismet_comment_nonce" value="44a5ac2004"/></p><p style="display: none;"><input type="hidden" id="ak_js" name="ak_js" value="229"/></p> </form> </div> </div> <div id="navigation"> <div class="fleft"></div> <div class="fright"> </div> </div> </div>   <div id="sidebar"> <div id="subscribe"> <h3 style="font-size: 150%;font-weight:100; color: Black"><img alt="RSS" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/themes/magicblue/images/feed-icon-16x16.gif"/> Subscribe</h3> <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/feed">Entries RSS</a> | <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/comments/feed">Comments RSS</a></p> </div> <div class="menu"> <ul> <li class="widget" id="search"> <h3>Search</h3> <form id="searchform2" method="get" action="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/"> <input type="text" onfocus="doClear(this)" value="To search, type and hit Go" name="s" id="s" style="width:130px"/> <input type="submit" value="Go"/> </form> </li> <li id="text-3" class="widget widget_text"><h3>Edit Me!</h3> <div class="textwidget">The pages on this website can be edited by you. Simply click on the <b>"suggest an edit"</b> link at the top of each page to add information.</div> </li><li id="text-4" class="widget widget_text"><h3>Add a New Page</h3> <div class="textwidget">Readers are welcome to contribute pages to this website. Just <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/site/contribute-to-aeroflight.htm">click here</a> to reach the composing form. </div> </li><li id="text-2" class="widget widget_text"><h3>Aviation Books</h3> <div class="textwidget">Get involved with our crowd-sourced <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://http//www.aeroflight.co.uk/media/books/aviation-books-database.htm">Aviation Books Database</a>. </div> </li><li id="facebookallfanbox-2" class="widget widget_facebookallfanbox"><h3>Aeroflight</h3> <div class="fb-page" data-href="https://www.facebook.com/pages/Aeroflight-Publishing/455800894525949" data-width="200" data-height="250" data-hide-cover="true" data-show-facepile="true" data-show-posts="true"><div class="fb-xfbml-parse-ignore"></div></div> </li><li id="meta-4" class="widget widget_meta"><h3>Meta</h3> <ul> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-login.php?action=register">Register</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-login.php">Log in</a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/feed">Entries <abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/comments/feed">Comments <abbr title="Really Simple Syndication">RSS</abbr></a></li> <li><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/https://wordpress.org/" title="Powered by WordPress, state-of-the-art semantic personal publishing platform.">WordPress.org</a></li> </ul> </li><li id="paypal_donations-3" class="widget widget_paypal_donations"><h3>You Can Help</h3><p>A useful website? Please donate to help us get bigger and better. </p>  <form action="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post"> <div class="paypal-donations"> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_donations"/> <input type="hidden" name="bn" value="TipsandTricks_SP"/> <input type="hidden" name="business" value="johnhayles@blueyonder.co.uk"/> <input type="hidden" name="item_name" value="Grow Aeroflight"/> <input type="hidden" name="item_number" value="Aeroflightpp"/> <input type="hidden" name="amount" value="1.00"/> <input type="hidden" name="currency_code" value="GBP"/> <input type="image" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/btn/btn_donate_LG.gif" name="submit" alt="PayPal - The safer, easier way to pay online."/> <img alt="" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814im_/https://www.paypal.com/en_US/i/scr/pixel.gif" width="1" height="1"/> </div> </form>  </li><li id="archives-4" class="widget widget_archive"><h3>Archives</h3> <label class="screen-reader-text" for="archives-dropdown-4">Archives</label> <select id="archives-dropdown-4" name="archive-dropdown" onchange="document.location.href=this.options[this.selectedIndex].value;"> <option value="">Select Month</option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2016/04"> April 2016 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2016/03"> March 2016 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2016/02"> February 2016 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/11"> November 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/10"> October 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/09"> September 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/08"> August 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/07"> July 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/06"> June 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/05"> May 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/04"> April 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/03"> March 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/02"> February 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2015/01"> January 2015 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/11"> November 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/10"> October 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/09"> September 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/08"> August 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/07"> July 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/06"> June 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/05"> May 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/04"> April 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/03"> March 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/02"> February 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2014/01"> January 2014 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/10"> October 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/09"> September 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/08"> August 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/07"> July 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/06"> June 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/05"> May 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/04"> April 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/03"> March 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/02"> February 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2013/01"> January 2013 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/12"> December 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/11"> November 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/10"> October 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/09"> September 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/08"> August 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/07"> July 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/06"> June 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/05"> May 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/04"> April 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/03"> March 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/02"> February 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2012/01"> January 2012 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/11"> November 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/10"> October 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/07"> July 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/05"> May 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/04"> April 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/03"> March 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/02"> February 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2011/01"> January 2011 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/12"> December 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/09"> September 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/08"> August 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/07"> July 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/06"> June 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/05"> May 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/04"> April 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/03"> March 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/02"> February 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2010/01"> January 2010 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/09"> September 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/08"> August 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/07"> July 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/05"> May 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/04"> April 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/03"> March 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2009/01"> January 2009 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/11"> November 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/09"> September 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/08"> August 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/07"> July 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/04"> April 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2008/02"> February 2008 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2007/12"> December 2007 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2007/11"> November 2007 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2007/09"> September 2007 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2007/08"> August 2007 </option> <option value="http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/2007/07"> July 2007 </option> </select> </li><li id="categories-4" class="widget widget_categories"><h3>Categories</h3><label class="screen-reader-text" for="cat">Categories</label><select name="cat" id="cat" class="postform"> <option value="-1">Select Category</option> <option class="level-0" value="84">Aeronautics</option> <option class="level-0" value="4161">air support units</option> <option class="level-0" value="4156">air wings</option> <option class="level-0" value="3">Aircraft Types</option> <option class="level-0" value="93">Aircraft Used</option> <option class="level-0" value="812">Airfield Details</option> <option class="level-0" value="811">Airfields Country</option> <option class="level-0" value="4120">airlines</option> <option class="level-0" value="825">Airshow Acts</option> <option class="level-0" value="815">Airshow Details</option> <option class="level-0" value="7">Airshows</option> <option class="level-0" value="817">Airshows Country</option> <option class="level-0" value="737">All-Time</option> <option class="level-0" value="4178">aviation authorities</option> <option class="level-0" value="95">Bases</option> <option class="level-0" value="8">Books</option> <option class="level-0" value="664">Books</option> <option class="level-0" value="4121">brigades</option> <option class="level-0" value="9">Civil Aviation</option> <option class="level-0" value="4125">commands</option> <option class="level-0" value="641">Commercial</option> <option class="level-0" value="10">Countries</option> <option class="level-0" value="743">Country Start</option> <option class="level-0" value="750">Current Orbat</option> <option class="level-0" value="1232">divisions</option> <option class="level-0" value="5615">Fleet List</option> <option class="level-0" value="739">flights</option> <option class="level-0" value="753">flying school</option> <option class="level-0" value="4135">flying schools</option> <option class="level-0" value="1533">Formerly Existed</option> <option class="level-0" value="644">Government</option> <option class="level-0" value="4137">groups</option> <option class="level-0" value="751">Historical Orbat</option> <option class="level-0" value="72">History</option> <option class="level-0" value="91">History</option> <option class="level-0" value="26">History</option> <option class="level-0" value="742">Home</option> <option class="level-0" value="11">Humour</option> <option class="level-0" value="804">index</option> <option class="level-0" value="5423">Instructional</option> <option class="level-0" value="693">Inventory</option> <option class="level-0" value="1231">Key Dates</option> <option class="level-0" value="290">Key Dates</option> <option class="level-0" value="1230">Key Dates</option> <option class="level-0" value="1498">Magazine Details</option> <option class="level-0" value="16">Magazines</option> <option class="level-0" value="801">Magazines Contents</option> <option class="level-0" value="799">Mags Country</option> <option class="level-0" value="741">Main</option> <option class="level-0" value="688">Manufacturer Details</option> <option class="level-0" value="4">Manufacturers</option> <option class="level-0" value="820">Manufacturers Country</option> <option class="level-0" value="92">Markings</option> <option class="level-0" value="642">Military</option> <option class="level-0" value="15">Military Aviation</option> <option class="level-0" value="14">Museums</option> <option class="level-0" value="13">Myths</option> <option class="level-0" value="613">National Listing</option> <option class="level-0" value="722">Not Used</option> <option class="level-0" value="5417">Notifications</option> <option class="level-0" value="1344">Orbat</option> <option class="level-0" value="5312">Orbat Listing</option> <option class="level-0" value="840">Organisations</option> <option class="level-0" value="5458">Overview</option> <option class="level-0" value="470">Photographs</option> <option class="level-0" value="615">Production</option> <option class="level-0" value="643">Public Service</option> <option class="level-0" value="1233">regiments</option> <option class="level-0" value="650">Reviews</option> <option class="level-0" value="4143">sections</option> <option class="level-0" value="22">Series</option> <option class="level-0" value="813">Ship Details</option> <option class="level-0" value="1603">Ships</option> <option class="level-0" value="814">Ships Country</option> <option class="level-0" value="1501">Special Listing</option> <option class="level-0" value="740">squadrons</option> <option class="level-0" value="4200">support units</option> <option class="level-0" value="1520">Templates</option> <option class="level-0" value="1229">Territory Home</option> <option class="level-0" value="4145">training schools</option> <option class="level-0" value="68">Types</option> <option class="level-0" value="1">Uncategorized</option> <option class="level-0" value="738">Units</option> <option class="level-0" value="1343">units</option> <option class="level-0" value="1342">Units List</option> <option class="level-0" value="646">User</option> <option class="level-0" value="4184">vip flights</option> <option class="level-0" value="614">Walkaround</option> <option class="level-0" value="17">Website</option> <option class="level-0" value="744">wings</option> </select> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ (function() { var dropdown = document.getElementById( "cat" ); function onCatChange() { if ( dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value > 0 ) { location.href = "https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/?cat=" + dropdown.options[ dropdown.selectedIndex ].value; } } dropdown.onchange = onCatChange; })(); /* ]]> */ </script> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div>  <div id="footer"> <div id="footer-inner"> <p>Copyright © 2009-2012 by Aeroflight <br> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.milonic.com/">DHTML Menu By Milonic JavaScript</a></p> </div> </div> </div> <div id="credit">  <p><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814/http://www.blogchemistry.com/">WordPress Themes</a></p> </div> </div>  <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/akismet/_inc/form.js?ver=3.1.10"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/jquery.form.min.js?ver=3.51.0-2014.06.20"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var _wpcf7 = {"loaderUrl":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406184814\/http:\/\/www.aeroflight.co.uk\/wp-content\/plugins\/contact-form-7\/images\/ajax-loader.gif","recaptchaEmpty":"Please verify that you are not a robot.","sending":"Sending ...","cached":"1"}; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/contact-form-7/includes/js/scripts.js?ver=4.4.1"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/widget.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/mouse.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/slider.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/datepicker.min.js?ver=1.11.4"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-file-upload/vendor/datetimepicker/jquery-ui-timepicker-addon.min.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> /* <![CDATA[ */ var ratingsL10n = {"plugin_url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406184814\/http:\/\/www.aeroflight.co.uk\/wp-content\/plugins\/wp-postratings","ajax_url":"https:\/\/web.archive.org\/web\/20160406184814\/http:\/\/www.aeroflight.co.uk\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","text_wait":"Please rate only 1 post at a time.","image":"stars","image_ext":"gif","max":"5","show_loading":"1","show_fading":"1","custom":"0"}; var ratings_mouseover_image=new Image();ratings_mouseover_image.src=ratingsL10n.plugin_url+"/images/"+ratingsL10n.image+"/rating_over."+ratingsL10n.image_ext;; /* ]]> */ </script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-content/plugins/wp-postratings/postratings-js.js?ver=1.83"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="https://web.archive.org/web/20160406184814js_/http://www.aeroflight.co.uk/wp-includes/js/wp-embed.min.js?ver=4.4.2"></script> </body> </html>