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<!doctype html><html lang="en"><head><title data-rh="true">#100DaysOfSolidity 🔒 Building an Ethereum Wallet: The Secure Path to Ether Storage 🔒 | by Solidity Academy | Medium</title><meta data-rh="true" charset="utf-8"/><meta data-rh="true" name="viewport" content="width=device-width,minimum-scale=1,initial-scale=1,maximum-scale=1"/><meta data-rh="true" name="theme-color" content="#000000"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:name:iphone" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="twitter:app:id:iphone" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:app_store_id" content="828256236"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:package" content="com.medium.reader"/><meta data-rh="true" property="fb:app_id" content="542599432471018"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:site_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:type" content="article"/><meta data-rh="true" property="article:published_time" content="2023-07-22T08:11:39.685Z"/><meta data-rh="true" name="title" content="#100DaysOfSolidity 🔒 Building an Ethereum Wallet: The Secure Path to Ether Storage 🔒 | by Solidity Academy | Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" property="og:title" content="#100DaysOfSolidity 🔒 Building an Ethereum Wallet: The Secure Path to Ether Storage 🔒"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:url" content="medium://p/9af36e071032"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:ios:url" content="medium://p/9af36e071032"/><meta data-rh="true" property="al:android:app_name" content="Medium"/><meta data-rh="true" name="description" content="Welcome back to the #100DaysOfSolidity series! 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aria-hidden="false"><button aria-label="Listen" data-testid="audioPlayButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al lt an ao ap ex lu lv lj lw lx ly lz ma s mb mc md me mf mg mh u mi mj mk"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="24" height="24" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M3 12a9 9 0 1 1 18 0 9 9 0 0 1-18 0m9-10C6.477 2 2 6.477 2 12s4.477 10 10 10 10-4.477 10-10S17.523 2 12 2m3.376 10.416-4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1-.777-.416V8.934a.5.5 0 0 1 .777-.416l4.599 3.066a.5.5 0 0 1 0 .832" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg><div class="j i d"><p class="bf b bg z du">Listen</p></div></button></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false" aria-describedby="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-labelledby="postFooterSocialMenu"><div><div class="bm" aria-hidden="false"><button aria-controls="postFooterSocialMenu" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Share Post" data-testid="headerSocialShareButton" class="af fk ah ai aj ak al lt 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nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">Welcome back to the <strong class="mn gw">#100DaysOfSolidity</strong> series! In this installment, we will delve into the fascinating world of Ethereum wallets. Specifically, we will focus on creating an “Ether Wallet,” a fundamental tool for securely storing and managing Ether, the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain.</p><figure class="nm nn no np nq nr nj nk paragraph-image"><div role="button" tabindex="0" class="ns nt fj nu bh nv"><div class="nj nk nl"><picture><source srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/format:webp/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px" type="image/webp"/><source data-testid="og" srcSet="https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:640/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 640w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:720/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 720w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:750/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 750w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:786/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 786w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:828/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 828w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1100/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 1100w, https://miro.medium.com/v2/resize:fit:1400/1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png 1400w" sizes="(min-resolution: 4dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 4) and (max-width: 700px) 50vw, (min-resolution: 3dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 67vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 3) and (max-width: 700px) 65vw, (min-resolution: 2.5dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2.5) and (max-width: 700px) 80vw, (min-resolution: 2dppx) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 2) and (max-width: 700px) 100vw, 700px"/><img alt="" class="bh ls nw c" width="700" height="394" loading="eager" role="presentation"/></picture></div></div><figcaption class="nx ff ny nj nk nz oa bf b bg z du">#100DaysOfSolidity 🔒 Building an Ethereum Wallet: The Secure Path to Ether Storage 🔒</figcaption></figure><h2 id="2a44" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">📚 Introduction: Understanding Ethereum Wallets</h2><p id="a030" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">Before we dive into the technical aspects, let’s take a moment to understand what an Ethereum wallet is and why it plays a crucial role in the Ethereum ecosystem.</p><p id="6d6e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">In simple terms, an Ethereum wallet is a software application that enables users to securely store, send, and receive Ether. But here’s the catch: an Ethereum wallet does not actually store your Ether. Instead, it securely stores your private keys, which are used to access and manage your Ether holdings on the Ethereum blockchain.</p><p id="218c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">Think of it as a digital vault for your private keys, ensuring that only you have control over your funds. By owning the private keys, you have complete ownership and control over the associated Ether.</p><h2 id="f40b" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">🔑 Types of Ethereum Wallets</h2><p id="8c01" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">Ethereum wallets come in different forms, each offering a unique set of features and security considerations. Let’s explore some of the most common types:</p><p id="fbc1" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">1️⃣ Web Wallets: 🌐</strong><br/>These wallets operate through web browsers and are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. They are convenient but require users to trust the wallet provider with their private keys.</p><p id="8f28" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">2️⃣ Desktop Wallets: 💻</strong><br/>Installed directly on your computer, desktop wallets offer enhanced security by allowing you to control your private keys. They provide an offline storage option, protecting your assets from online threats.</p><p id="dc6f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">3️⃣ Mobile Wallets: 📱</strong><br/>Designed for smartphones, mobile wallets provide a convenient way to manage Ether on the go. They offer a balance between accessibility and security, with options to back up and secure your private keys.</p><p id="62ce" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">4️⃣ Hardware Wallets: 🔒</strong><br/>These physical devices are considered one of the most secure options for storing Ether. They store private keys offline, providing an extra layer of protection against potential hacking attempts.</p><p id="44bd" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">5️⃣ Paper Wallets: 📃</strong><br/>A paper wallet is a physical document that contains your private and public keys in a printed form. While they may seem archaic, they offer offline storage and can be highly secure if generated in a trusted environment.</p><p id="004e" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">6️⃣ Hybrid Wallets: 🔄</strong><br/>These wallets combine multiple wallet types to offer a broader range of features. For example, a hybrid wallet might integrate a hardware device with a mobile app for convenience and security.</p><h2 id="b53b" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">🔒 Creating a Secure Ether Wallet</h2><p id="f248" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">Now that we understand the different types of Ethereum wallets, let’s dive into creating our own secure Ether Wallet using Solidity. We will focus on a smart contract-based approach, which allows us to have full control over our wallet’s functionality.</p><h2 id="ba8d" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">🚀 Smart Contract Structure</h2><p id="74f8" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">We’ll start by defining the structure of our smart contract. Here’s a basic template to get us started:</p><pre class="nm nn no np nq oz pa pb bp pc bb bk"><span id="1cea" class="pd oc gv pa b bg pe pf l pg ph">pragma solidity ^0.8.0;<br/>contract EtherWallet {<br/> address private owner;<br/>constructor() {<br/> owner = msg.sender;<br/> }<br/>modifier onlyOwner() {<br/> require(msg.sender == owner, "Only the owner can call this function.");<br/> _;<br/> }<br/>// Wallet functions will be implemented here.<br/>}</span></pre><p id="f01b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">In this template, we have a `private` variable called `owner`, which will store the address of the wallet owner. The `constructor` sets the `owner` as the account that deploys the smart contract. We also have a `modifier` named `onlyOwner` to restrict certain functions to be called only by the owner.</p><h2 id="8320" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">✨ Adding Functionality</h2><p id="e63f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">Let’s add some essential functions to our smart contract to make it useful. We’ll include functions for depositing Ether, checking the wallet balance, and withdrawing Ether.</p><pre class="nm nn no np nq oz pa pb bp pc bb bk"><span id="0c1e" class="pd oc gv pa b bg pe pf l pg ph">function deposit() public payable {<br/> // Function to receive Ether into the wallet.<br/>}<br/>function getBalance() public view returns (uint256) {<br/> // Function to retrieve the wallet balance.<br/>}<br/>function withdraw(uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {<br/> // Function to withdraw Ether from the wallet.<br/>}</span></pre><p id="c472" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">In the `deposit` function, users can send Ether to the wallet, increasing the wallet balance. The `getBalance` function allows anyone to check the current balance of the wallet. The `withdraw` function allows the owner to withdraw a specific amount of Ether from the wallet.</p><h2 id="607d" class="ob oc gv bf od oe of dy og oh oi ea oj mw ok ol om na on oo op ne oq or os ot bk">🔐 Implementing Security Measures</h2><p id="e1b5" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">To enhance the security of our Ether Wallet, we can implement additional measures. Here are a few ideas:</p><p id="ee0f" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">1️⃣ Multi-factor authentication (MFA): </strong>Implement an MFA system using additional contracts or external libraries to require multiple factors for certain actions, adding an extra layer of security.</p><p id="b09c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">2️⃣ Event logging: </strong>Emit events for critical actions, such as deposits and withdrawals, to keep a record of all important transactions within the wallet.</p><p id="530b" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">3️⃣ Timelock mechanism: </strong>Implement a timelock feature to delay certain actions, allowing the owner to cancel them within a specific timeframe if necessary. This can prevent accidental or malicious actions.</p><p id="289c" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk"><strong class="mn gw">4️⃣ Upgradeability: </strong>Consider implementing upgradeability patterns, such as the Proxy or Eternal Storage pattern, to ensure that your smart contract remains upgradable while maintaining its security features.</p><h1 id="e01d" class="pi oc gv bf od pj pk pl og pm pn po oj pp pq pr ps pt pu pv pw px py pz qa qb bk">🌟 Conclusion</h1><p id="e27a" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo ou mq mr ms ov mu mv mw ow my mz na ox nc nd ne oy ng nh ni go bk">Congratulations on building your very own <strong class="mn gw">Ether Wallet </strong>using Solidity! We covered the basics of Ethereum wallets, explored different types of wallets, and created a secure smart contract-based Ether Wallet with essential functions.</p><p id="1e28" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">Remember, security should always be a top priority when dealing with cryptocurrencies. By following best practices, regularly updating your wallet software, and exercising caution, you can ensure the safety of your Ether holdings.</p><p id="1556" class="pw-post-body-paragraph ml mm gv mn b mo mp mq mr ms mt mu mv mw mx my mz na nb nc nd ne nf ng nh ni go bk">Keep exploring the exciting world of Solidity and Ethereum, and stay tuned for the next installment in the <strong class="mn gw">#100DaysOfSolidity </strong>series. Happy coding! ✨💻💰</p></div></div></div></div></section></div></div></article></div><div class="ab cb"><div class="ci bh ga gb gc gd"><div class="qc qd ab iz"><div class="qe ab"><a class="qf ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/100-days-of-solidity?source=post_page-----9af36e071032--------------------------------"><div class="qg fj cx qh gf qi qj bf b bg z bk qk">100 Days Of Solidity</div></a></div><div class="qe ab"><a class="qf ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/ether-wallet?source=post_page-----9af36e071032--------------------------------"><div class="qg fj cx qh gf qi qj bf b bg z bk qk">Ether Wallet</div></a></div><div class="qe ab"><a class="qf ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" href="/tag/solidity-app?source=post_page-----9af36e071032--------------------------------"><div class="qg fj cx qh gf qi qj bf b bg z bk qk">Solidity App</div></a></div><div class="qe ab"><a class="qf ay am ao" rel="noopener follow" 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In this installment, we will delve into the fascinating world of Ethereum wallets. Specifically, we will focus on creating an “Ether Wallet,” a fundamental tool for securely storing and managing Ether, the native cryptocurrency of the Ethereum blockchain.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":20,"end":38,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"ImageMetadata:1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png":{"__typename":"ImageMetadata","id":"1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png","originalHeight":720,"originalWidth":1280,"focusPercentX":null,"focusPercentY":null,"alt":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_2":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_2","name":"219c","type":"IMG","href":null,"layout":"INSET_CENTER","metadata":{"__ref":"ImageMetadata:1*HgpdsvBRp7ijcEbY7QjLiw.png"},"text":"#100DaysOfSolidity 🔒 Building an Ethereum Wallet: The Secure Path to Ether Storage 🔒","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_3":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_3","name":"2a44","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"📚 Introduction: Understanding Ethereum Wallets","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_4":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_4","name":"a030","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Before we dive into the technical aspects, let’s take a moment to understand what an Ethereum wallet is and why it plays a crucial role in the Ethereum ecosystem.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_5":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_5","name":"6d6e","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In simple terms, an Ethereum wallet is a software application that enables users to securely store, send, and receive Ether. But here’s the catch: an Ethereum wallet does not actually store your Ether. Instead, it securely stores your private keys, which are used to access and manage your Ether holdings on the Ethereum blockchain.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_6":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_6","name":"218c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Think of it as a digital vault for your private keys, ensuring that only you have control over your funds. By owning the private keys, you have complete ownership and control over the associated Ether.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_7":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_7","name":"f40b","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"🔑 Types of Ethereum Wallets","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_8":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_8","name":"8c01","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Ethereum wallets come in different forms, each offering a unique set of features and security considerations. Let’s explore some of the most common types:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_9":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_9","name":"fbc1","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"1️⃣ Web Wallets: 🌐\nThese wallets operate through web browsers and are accessible from anywhere with an internet connection. They are convenient but require users to trust the wallet provider with their private keys.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":19,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_10":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_10","name":"8f28","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"2️⃣ Desktop Wallets: 💻\nInstalled directly on your computer, desktop wallets offer enhanced security by allowing you to control your private keys. They provide an offline storage option, protecting your assets from online threats.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":23,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_11":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_11","name":"dc6f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"3️⃣ Mobile Wallets: 📱\nDesigned for smartphones, mobile wallets provide a convenient way to manage Ether on the go. They offer a balance between accessibility and security, with options to back up and secure your private keys.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":22,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_12":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_12","name":"62ce","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"4️⃣ Hardware Wallets: 🔒\nThese physical devices are considered one of the most secure options for storing Ether. They store private keys offline, providing an extra layer of protection against potential hacking attempts.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":24,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_13":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_13","name":"44bd","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"5️⃣ Paper Wallets: 📃\nA paper wallet is a physical document that contains your private and public keys in a printed form. While they may seem archaic, they offer offline storage and can be highly secure if generated in a trusted environment.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":21,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_14":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_14","name":"004e","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"6️⃣ Hybrid Wallets: 🔄\nThese wallets combine multiple wallet types to offer a broader range of features. For example, a hybrid wallet might integrate a hardware device with a mobile app for convenience and security.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":22,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_15":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_15","name":"b53b","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"🔒 Creating a Secure Ether Wallet","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_16":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_16","name":"f248","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Now that we understand the different types of Ethereum wallets, let’s dive into creating our own secure Ether Wallet using Solidity. We will focus on a smart contract-based approach, which allows us to have full control over our wallet’s functionality.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_17":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_17","name":"ba8d","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"🚀 Smart Contract Structure","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_18":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_18","name":"74f8","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"We’ll start by defining the structure of our smart contract. Here’s a basic template to get us started:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_19":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_19","name":"1cea","type":"PRE","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"pragma solidity ^0.8.0;\ncontract EtherWallet {\n address private owner;\nconstructor() {\n owner = msg.sender;\n }\nmodifier onlyOwner() {\n require(msg.sender == owner, \"Only the owner can call this function.\");\n _;\n }\n\u002F\u002F Wallet functions will be implemented here.\n}","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":{"__typename":"CodeBlockMetadata","mode":"AUTO","lang":"typescript"},"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_20":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_20","name":"f01b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In this template, we have a `private` variable called `owner`, which will store the address of the wallet owner. The `constructor` sets the `owner` as the account that deploys the smart contract. We also have a `modifier` named `onlyOwner` to restrict certain functions to be called only by the owner.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_21":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_21","name":"8320","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"✨ Adding Functionality","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_22":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_22","name":"e63f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Let’s add some essential functions to our smart contract to make it useful. We’ll include functions for depositing Ether, checking the wallet balance, and withdrawing Ether.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_23":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_23","name":"0c1e","type":"PRE","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"function deposit() public payable {\n \u002F\u002F Function to receive Ether into the wallet.\n}\nfunction getBalance() public view returns (uint256) {\n \u002F\u002F Function to retrieve the wallet balance.\n}\nfunction withdraw(uint256 amount) public onlyOwner {\n \u002F\u002F Function to withdraw Ether from the wallet.\n}","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":{"__typename":"CodeBlockMetadata","mode":"AUTO","lang":"csharp"},"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_24":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_24","name":"c472","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"In the `deposit` function, users can send Ether to the wallet, increasing the wallet balance. The `getBalance` function allows anyone to check the current balance of the wallet. The `withdraw` function allows the owner to withdraw a specific amount of Ether from the wallet.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_25":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_25","name":"607d","type":"H4","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"🔐 Implementing Security Measures","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_26":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_26","name":"e1b5","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"To enhance the security of our Ether Wallet, we can implement additional measures. Here are a few ideas:","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_27":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_27","name":"ee0f","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"1️⃣ Multi-factor authentication (MFA): Implement an MFA system using additional contracts or external libraries to require multiple factors for certain actions, adding an extra layer of security.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":39,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_28":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_28","name":"b09c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"2️⃣ Event logging: Emit events for critical actions, such as deposits and withdrawals, to keep a record of all important transactions within the wallet.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":19,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_29":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_29","name":"530b","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"3️⃣ Timelock mechanism: Implement a timelock feature to delay certain actions, allowing the owner to cancel them within a specific timeframe if necessary. This can prevent accidental or malicious actions.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":24,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_30":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_30","name":"289c","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"4️⃣ Upgradeability: Consider implementing upgradeability patterns, such as the Proxy or Eternal Storage pattern, to ensure that your smart contract remains upgradable while maintaining its security features.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":0,"end":20,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_31":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_31","name":"e01d","type":"H3","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"🌟 Conclusion","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_32":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_32","name":"e27a","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Congratulations on building your very own Ether Wallet using Solidity! We covered the basics of Ethereum wallets, explored different types of wallets, and created a secure smart contract-based Ether Wallet with essential functions.","hasDropCap":null,"dropCapImage":null,"markups":[{"__typename":"Markup","type":"STRONG","start":42,"end":55,"href":null,"anchorType":null,"userId":null,"linkMetadata":null}],"codeBlockMetadata":null,"iframe":null,"mixtapeMetadata":null},"Paragraph:865486b1adf8_33":{"__typename":"Paragraph","id":"865486b1adf8_33","name":"1e28","type":"P","href":null,"layout":null,"metadata":null,"text":"Remember, security should always be a top priority when dealing with cryptocurrencies. 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