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column</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: Deep mixed column"> <meta name="keywords" content="Deep mixed column"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="Deep mixed column"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 5502</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: Deep mixed column</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5502</span> Comparison Study between Deep Mixed Columns and Encased Sand Column for Soft Clay Soil in Egypt</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20El%20Kamash">Walid El Kamash</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sand columns (or granular piles) can be employed as soil strengthening for flexible constructions such as road embankments, oil storage tanks in addition to multistory structures. The challenge of embedding the sand columns in soft soil is that the surrounding soft soil cannot avail the enough confinement stress in order to keep the form of the sand column. Therefore, the sand columns which were installed in such soil will lose their ability to perform needed load-bearing capacity. The encasement, besides increasing the strength and stiffness of the sand column, prevents the lateral squeezing of sands when the column is installed even in extremely soft soils, thus enabling quicker and more economical installation. This paper investigates the improvement in load capacity of the sand column by encasement through a comprehensive parametric study using the 3-D finite difference analysis for the soft clay of soil in Egypt. Moreover, the study was extended to include a comparison study between encased sand column and Deep Mixed columns (DM). The study showed that confining the sand by geosynthetic resulted in an increment of shear strength. That result paid the attention to use encased sand stone rather than deep mixed columns due to relative high permeability of the first material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encased%20sand%20column" title="encased sand column">encased sand column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column" title=" Deep mixed column"> Deep mixed column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20analysis" title=" numerical analysis"> numerical analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improving%20soft%20soil" title=" improving soft soil"> improving soft soil</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56795/comparison-study-between-deep-mixed-columns-and-encased-sand-column-for-soft-clay-soil-in-egypt" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56795.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">378</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5501</span> Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint by Reversible Mixed Technologies of FRP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser-Eddine%20Attari">Nasser-Eddine Attari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the earthquake many structures were classified as slightly damaged and, being uneconomic to replace them, at least in the short term, suitable means of repairs of the beam column joint area are being studied. Furthermore there exist a large number of buildings that need retrofitting of the joints before the next earthquake. The paper reports the results of the experimental programme, constituted of three beam-column reinforced concrete joints at a scale of one to three (1/3) tested under the effect of a pre-stressed axial load acting over the column. The beams were subjected at their ends to an alternate cyclic loading under displacement control to simulate a seismic action. Strain and cracking fields were monitored with the help a digital recording camera. Following the analysis of the results, a comparison can be made between the performances in terms of ductility, strength and mode of failure of the different strengthening solution considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibrereinforced%20polymers" title="fibrereinforced polymers">fibrereinforced polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20columns" title=" beam columns"> beam columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18503/strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-beam-column-joint-by-reversible-mixed-technologies-of-frp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18503.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5500</span> Seismic Strengthening of Reinforced Concrete Beam-Column Joint by Reversible Mixed Technologies of FRP</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasser-Eddine%20Attari">Nasser-Eddine Attari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After the earthquake many structures were classified as slightly damaged and, being uneconomic to replace them, at least in the short term, suitable means of repairs of the beam column joint area are being studied. Furthermore, there exist a large number of buildings that need retrofitting of the joints before the next earthquake. The paper reports the results of the experimental programme, constituted of three beam-column reinforced concrete joints at a scale of one to three (1/3) tested under the effect of a pre-stressing axial load acting over the column. The beams were subjected at their ends to an alternate cyclic loading under displacement control to simulate a seismic action. Strain and cracking fields were monitored with the help a digital recording camera. Following the analysis of the results, a comparison can be made between the performances in terms of ductility, strength, and mode of failure of the different strengthening solution considered. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fibre%20reinforced%20polymers" title="fibre reinforced polymers">fibre reinforced polymers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=joints" title=" joints"> joints</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=beam%20columns" title=" beam columns"> beam columns</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16721/seismic-strengthening-of-reinforced-concrete-beam-column-joint-by-reversible-mixed-technologies-of-frp" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/16721.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">440</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5499</span> Mechanical Behavior of CFTR Column Joint under Pull out Testing</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nasruddin%20Junus">Nasruddin Junus</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> CFTR column is one of the improvements CFT columns by inserting reinforcing steel bars into infill concrete. The presence of inserting reinforcing steel bars is increasing the excellent structural performance of the CFT column, especially on the fire-resisting performance. Investigation on the mechanical behavior of CFTR column connection is summarized in the three parts; column to column joint, column to beam connection, and column base. Experiment that reported in this paper is concerned on the mechanical behavior of CFTR column joint under pull out testing, especially on its stress transfer mechanism. A number series of the pull out test on the CFT with inserting reinforcing steel bar are conducted. Ten test specimens are designed, constructed, and tested to examine experimentally the effect of the size of square steel tube, size of the bearing plate, length of embedment steel bars, kind of steel bars, and the numbers of rib plate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFTR%20column" title="CFTR column">CFTR column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pull%20out" title=" pull out"> pull out</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stress" title=" stress"> stress</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20mechanism" title=" transfer mechanism"> transfer mechanism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43639/mechanical-behavior-of-cftr-column-joint-under-pull-out-testing" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43639.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">290</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5498</span> Effect of Deep Mixing Columns and Geogrid on Embankment Settlement on the Soft Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seyed%20Abolhasan%20Naeini">Seyed Abolhasan Naeini</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saeideh%20Mohammadi"> Saeideh Mohammadi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Embankment settlement on soft clays has always been problematic due to the high compaction and low shear strength of the soil. Deep soil mixing and geosynthetics are two soil improvement methods in such fields. Here, a numerical study is conducted on the embankment performance on the soft ground improved by deep soil mixing columns and geosynthetics based on the data of a real project. For this purpose, the finite element method is used in the Plaxis 2D software. The Soft Soil Creep model considers the creep phenomenon in the soft clay layer while the Mohr-Columb model simulates other soil layers. Results are verified using the data of an experimental embankment built on deep mixing columns. The effect of depth and diameter of deep mixing columns and the stiffness of geogrid on the vertical and horizontal movements of embankment on clay subsoil will be investigated in the following. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PLAXIS%202D" title="PLAXIS 2D">PLAXIS 2D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embankment%20settlement" title=" embankment settlement"> embankment settlement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20movement" title=" horizontal movement"> horizontal movement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20soil%20mixing%20column" title=" deep soil mixing column"> deep soil mixing column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geogrid" title=" geogrid"> geogrid</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129452/effect-of-deep-mixing-columns-and-geogrid-on-embankment-settlement-on-the-soft-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/129452.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5497</span> Evaluation of the Effect of Turbulence Caused by the Oscillation Grid on Oil Spill in Water Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Ghiasvand">Mohammad Ghiasvand</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Babak%20Khorsandi"> Babak Khorsandi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Morteza%20Kolahdoozan"> Morteza Kolahdoozan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Under the influence of waves, oil in the sea is subject to vertical scattering in the water column. Scientists' knowledge of how oil is dispersed in the water column is one of the lowest levels of knowledge among other processes affecting oil in the marine environment, which highlights the need for research and study in this field. Therefore, this study investigates the distribution of oil in the water column in a turbulent environment with zero velocity characteristics. Lack of laboratory results to analyze the distribution of petroleum pollutants in deep water for information Phenomenon physics on the one hand and using them to calibrate numerical models on the other hand led to the development of laboratory models in research. According to the aim of the present study, which is to investigate the distribution of oil in homogeneous and isotropic turbulence caused by the oscillating Grid, after reaching the ideal conditions, the crude oil flow was poured onto the water surface and oil was distributed in deep water due to turbulence was investigated. In this study, all experimental processes have been implemented and used for the first time in Iran, and the study of oil diffusion in the water column was considered one of the key aspects of pollutant diffusion in the oscillating Grid environment. Finally, the required oscillation velocities were taken at depths of 10, 15, 20, and 25 cm from the water surface and used in the analysis of oil diffusion due to turbulence parameters. The results showed that with the characteristics of the present system in two static modes and network motion with a frequency of 0.8 Hz, the results of oil diffusion in the four mentioned depths at a frequency of 0.8 Hz compared to the static mode from top to bottom at 26.18, 57 31.5, 37.5 and 50% more. Also, after 2.5 minutes of the oil spill at a frequency of 0.8 Hz, oil distribution at the mentioned depths increased by 49, 61.5, 85, and 146.1%, respectively, compared to the base (static) state. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homogeneous%20and%20isotropic%20turbulence" title="homogeneous and isotropic turbulence">homogeneous and isotropic turbulence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20distribution" title=" oil distribution"> oil distribution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oscillating%20grid" title=" oscillating grid"> oscillating grid</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20spill" title=" oil spill"> oil spill</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150356/evaluation-of-the-effect-of-turbulence-caused-by-the-oscillation-grid-on-oil-spill-in-water-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/150356.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">75</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5496</span> Comparative Study of Stone Column with and without Encasement Using Waste Aggregate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20K.%20Stalin">V. K. Stalin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=V.%20Paneerselvam"> V. Paneerselvam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Bharath"> M. Bharath</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Kirithika"> M. Kirithika</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In developing countries like India due to the rapid urbanization, large amount of waste materials are produced every year. These waste materials can be utilized in the improvement of problematic soils. Stone column is one of the best methods to improve soft clay deposits. In this study, load tests were conducted to ensure the suitability of waste as column materials. The variable parameters studied are material, number of column and encasement. The materials used for the study are stone aggregate, copper slag, construction waste, for one, two and three number of columns with geotextile and geogrid encasement. It was found that the performance of waste as column material are comparable to that of conventional stone column with and without encasement. Hence, it is concluded that the copper slag and construction waste may be used as a column material in place of conventional stone aggregate to improve the soft clay advantage being utilization of waste. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stone%20column" title="stone column">stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=geocomposite" title=" geocomposite"> geocomposite</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=construction%20waste" title=" construction waste"> construction waste</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=copper%20slag" title=" copper slag"> copper slag</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57622/comparative-study-of-stone-column-with-and-without-encasement-using-waste-aggregate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57622.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">379</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5495</span> Entropy Analysis in a Bubble Column Based on Ultrafast X-Ray Tomography Data</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stoyan%20Nedeltchev">Stoyan Nedeltchev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markus%20Schubert"> Markus Schubert</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> By means of the ultrafast X-ray tomography facility, data were obtained at different superficial gas velocities <em>U</em><sub>G</sub> in a bubble column (0.1 m in ID) operated with an air-deionized water system at ambient conditions. Raw reconstructed images were treated by both the information entropy (IE) and the reconstruction entropy (RE) algorithms in order to identify the main transition velocities in a bubble column. The IE values exhibited two well-pronounced minima at <em>U</em><sub>G</sub>=0.025 m/s and <em>U</em><sub>G</sub>=0.085 m/s identifying the boundaries of the homogeneous, transition and heterogeneous regimes. The RE extracted from the central region of the column’s cross-section exhibited only one characteristic peak at <em>U</em><sub>G</sub>=0.03 m/s, which was attributed to the transition from the homogeneous to the heterogeneous flow regime. This result implies that the transition regime is non-existent in the core of the column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bubble%20column" title="bubble column">bubble column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrafast%20X-ray%20tomography" title=" ultrafast X-ray tomography"> ultrafast X-ray tomography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20entropy" title=" information entropy"> information entropy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction%20entropy" title=" reconstruction entropy"> reconstruction entropy</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43128/entropy-analysis-in-a-bubble-column-based-on-ultrafast-x-ray-tomography-data" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/43128.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">391</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5494</span> Numerical Investigation of the Jacketing Method of Reinforced Concrete Column </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Boukais">S. Boukais</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Nekmouche"> A. Nekmouche</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=N.%20Khelil"> N. Khelil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Kezmane"> A. Kezmane</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The first intent of this study is to develop a finite element model that can predict correctly the behavior of the reinforced concrete column. Second aim is to use the finite element model to investigate and evaluate the effect of the strengthening method by jacketing of the reinforced concrete column, by considering different interface contact between the old and the new concrete. Four models were evaluated, one by considering perfect contact, the other three models by using friction coefficient of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5. The simulation was carried out by using Abaqus software. The obtained results show that the jacketing reinforcement led to significant increase of the global performance of the behavior of the simulated reinforced concrete column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strengthening" title="strengthening">strengthening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jacketing" title=" jacketing"> jacketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rienforced%20concrete%20column" title=" rienforced concrete column"> rienforced concrete column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abaqus" title=" Abaqus"> Abaqus</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=simulation" title=" simulation"> simulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118072/numerical-investigation-of-the-jacketing-method-of-reinforced-concrete-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118072.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">146</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5493</span> Effect of Tube Thickness on the Face Bending for Blind-Bolted Connection to Concrete Filled Tubular Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammed%20Mahmood">Mohammed Mahmood</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Walid%20Tizani"> Walid Tizani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carlo%20Sansour"> Carlo Sansour</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this paper, experimental testing and numerical analysis were used to investigate the effect of tube thickness on the face bending for concrete filled hollow sections connected to other structural members using Extended Hollobolts. Six samples were tested experimentally by applying pull-out load on the bolts. These samples were designed to fail by column face bending. The main variable in all tests is the column face thickness. Finite element analyses were also performed using ABAQUS 6.11 to extend the experimental results and to quantify the effect of column face thickness. Results show that, the column face thickness has a clear impact on the connection strength and stiffness. However, the amount of improvement in the connection stiffness by changing the column face thickness from 5 mm to 6.3 mm seems to be higher than that when increasing it from 6.3 mm to 8 mm. The displacement at which the bolts start pulling-out from their holes increased with the use of thinner column face due to the high flexibility of the section. At the ultimate strength, the yielding of the column face propagated to the column corner and there was no yielding in its walls. After the ultimate resistance is reached, the propagation of the yielding was mainly in the column face with a miner yielding in the walls. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anchored%20bolted%20connection" title="anchored bolted connection">anchored bolted connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Extended%20Hollobolt" title=" Extended Hollobolt"> Extended Hollobolt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20faces%20bending" title=" column faces bending"> column faces bending</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete%20filled%20hollow%20sections" title=" concrete filled hollow sections "> concrete filled hollow sections </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9404/effect-of-tube-thickness-on-the-face-bending-for-blind-bolted-connection-to-concrete-filled-tubular-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/9404.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">422</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5492</span> Experiment and Analytical Study on Fire Resistance Performance of Slot Type Concrete-Filled Tube</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bum%20Yean%20Cho">Bum Yean Cho</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heung-Youl%20Kim"> Heung-Youl Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ki-Seok%20Kwon"> Ki-Seok Kwon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kang-Su%20Kim"> Kang-Su Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, a full-scale test and analysis (numerical analysis) of fire resistance performance of bare CFT column on which slot was used instead of existing welding method to connect the steel pipe on the concrete-filled tube were conducted. Welded CFT column is known to be vulnerable to high or low temperature because of low brittleness of welding part. As a result of a fire resistance performance test of slot CFT column after removing the welding part and fixing it by a slot which was folded into the tube, slot type CFT column indicated the improved fire resistance performance than welded CFT column by 28% or more. And as a result of conducting finite element analysis of slot type column using ABAQUS, analysis result proved the reliability of the test result in predicting the fire behavior and fire resistance hour. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CFT%20%28concrete-filled%20tube%29%20column" title="CFT (concrete-filled tube) column">CFT (concrete-filled tube) column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fire%20resistance%20performance" title=" fire resistance performance"> fire resistance performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slot" title=" slot"> slot</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=weld" title=" weld"> weld</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94352/experiment-and-analytical-study-on-fire-resistance-performance-of-slot-type-concrete-filled-tube" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">184</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5491</span> The Effects of Different Types of Cement on the Permeability of Deep Mixing Columns</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mojebullah%20Wahidy">Mojebullah Wahidy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Olgun"> Murat Olgun</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, four different types of cement are used to investigate the permeability of DMC (Deep Mixing Column) in the clay. The clay used in this research is in the kaolin group, and the types of cement are; CEM I 42.5.R. normal portland cement, CEM II/A-M (P-L) pozzolan doped cement, CEM III/A 42.5 N blast furnace slag cement and DMFC-800 fine-grained portland cement. Firstly, some rheological tests are done on every cement, and a 0.9 water/cement ratio is selected as the appropriate ratio. This ratio is used to prepare the small-scale DMCs for all types of cement with %6, %9, %12, and %15, which are determined as the dry weight of the clay. For all the types of cement, three samples were prepared in every percentage and were kept on curing for 7, 14, and 28 days for permeability tests. As a result of the small-scale DMCs, permeability tests, a %12 selected for big-scale DMCs. A total of five big scales DMC were prepared by using a %12-cement and were kept for 28 days curing for permeability tests. The results of the permeability tests show that by increasing the cement percentage and curing time of all DMCs, the permeability coefficient (k) is decreased. Despite variable results in different cement ratios and curing time in general, samples treated by DMFC-800 fine-grained cement have the lowest permeability coefficient. Samples treated with CEM II and CEM I cement types were the second and third lowest permeable samples. The highest permeability coefficient belongs to the samples that were treated with CEM III cement type. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20mixing%20column" title="deep mixing column">deep mixing column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rheological%20test" title=" rheological test"> rheological test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=DMFC-800" title=" DMFC-800"> DMFC-800</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=permeability%20test" title=" permeability test"> permeability test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162073/the-effects-of-different-types-of-cement-on-the-permeability-of-deep-mixing-columns" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/162073.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">78</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5490</span> The Purification of Waste Printing Developer with the Fixed Bed Adsorption Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kiurski%20S.%20Jelena">Kiurski S. Jelena</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ranogajec%20G.%20Jonjaua"> Ranogajec G. Jonjaua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Keci%C4%87%20S.%20Vesna"> Kecić S. Vesna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Oros%20B.%20Ivana"> Oros B. Ivana</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study investigates the effectiveness of newly designed clayey pellets (fired clay pellets diameter sizes of 5 and 8 mm, and unfired clay pellets with the diameter size of 15 mm) as the beds in the column adsorption process. The adsorption experiments in the batch mode were performed before the column experiment with the purpose to determine the order of adsorbent package in the column which was to be designed in the investigation. The column experiment was performed by using a known mass of the clayey beds and the volume of the waste printing developer, which was purified. The column was filled in the following order: fired clay pellets of the diameter size of 5 mm, fired clay pellets of the diameter size of 8 mm, and unfired clay pellets of the diameter size of 15 mm. The selected order of the adsorbents showed a high removal efficiency for zinc (97.8%) and copper (81.5%) ions. These efficiencies were better than those in the case of the already existing mode adsorption. The obtained experimental data present a good basis for the selection of an appropriate column fill, but further testing is necessary in order to obtain more accurate results. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay%20materials" title="clay materials">clay materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fix%20bed%20adsorption%20column" title=" fix bed adsorption column"> fix bed adsorption column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metal%20ions" title=" metal ions"> metal ions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=printing%20developer" title=" printing developer"> printing developer</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38605/the-purification-of-waste-printing-developer-with-the-fixed-bed-adsorption-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38605.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">324</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5489</span> Investigation on an Innovative Way to Connect RC Beam and Steel Column</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20H.%20El-Masry">Ahmed H. El-Masry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20A.%20Dabaon"> Mohamed A. Dabaon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tarek%20F.%20El-Shafiey"> Tarek F. El-Shafiey</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abd%20El-Hakim%20A.%20Khalil"> Abd El-Hakim A. Khalil</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An experimental study was performed to investigate the behavior and strength of proposed technique to connect reinforced concrete (RC) beam to steel or composite columns. This approach can practically be used in several types of building construction. In this technique, the main beam of the frame consists of a transfer part (part of beam; Tr.P) and a common reinforcement concrete beam. The transfer part of the beam is connected to the column, whereas the rest of the beam is connected to the transfer part from each side. Four full-scale beam-column connections were tested under static loading. The test parameters were the length of the transfer part and the column properties. The test results show that using of the transfer part technique leads to modify the deformation capabilities for the RC beam and hence it increases its resistance against failure. Increase in length of the transfer part did not necessarily indicate an enhanced behavior. The test results contribute to the characterization of the connection behavior between RC beam - steel column and can be used to calibrate numerical models for the simulation of this type of connection. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=composite%20column" title="composite column">composite column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20beam" title=" reinforced concrete beam"> reinforced concrete beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20column" title=" steel column"> steel column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transfer%20part" title=" transfer part"> transfer part</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27407/investigation-on-an-innovative-way-to-connect-rc-beam-and-steel-column" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27407.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">431</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5488</span> Hysteretic Behavior of the Precast Concrete Column with Head Splice Sleeve Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seo%20Soo-Yeon">Seo Soo-Yeon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Sang-Ku"> Kim Sang-Ku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noh%20Sang-Hyun"> Noh Sang-Hyun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lee%20Ji-Eun"> Lee Ji-Eun</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kim%20Seol-Ki"> Kim Seol-Ki</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lim%20Jong-Wook"> Lim Jong-Wook</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents a test result to find the structural capacity of Hollow-Precast Concrete (HPC) column with Head-Splice Sleeve (HSS) for the connection of bars under horizontal cyclic load. Two Half-scaled HPC column specimens were made with the consideration of construction process in site. The difference between the HPC specimens is the location of HSS for bar connection. The location of the first one is on the bottom slab or foundation while the other is above the bottom slab or foundation. Reinforced concrete (RC) column was also made for the comparison. In order to evaluate the hysteretic behavior of the specimens, horizontal cyclic load was applied to the top of specimen under constant axial load. From the test, it is confirmed that the HPC columns with HSS have enough structural capacity that can be emulated to RC column. This means that the HPC column with HSS can be used in the moment resisting frame system. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=structural%20capacity" title="structural capacity">structural capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hollow-precast%20concrete%20column" title=" hollow-precast concrete column"> hollow-precast concrete column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=head-splice%20sleeve" title=" head-splice sleeve"> head-splice sleeve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=horizontal%20cyclic%20load" title=" horizontal cyclic load"> horizontal cyclic load</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54811/hysteretic-behavior-of-the-precast-concrete-column-with-head-splice-sleeve-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54811.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">373</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5487</span> Numerical Analysis of Geosynthetic-Encased Stone Columns under Laterally Loads</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Hossein%20Zade"> M. Hossein Zade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Out of all methods for ground improvement, stone column became more popular these days due to its simple construction and economic consideration. Installation of stone column especially in loose fine graded soil causes increasing in load bearing capacity and settlement reduction. Encased granular stone columns (EGCs) are commonly subjected to vertical load. However, they may also be subjected to significant amount of shear loading. In this study, three-dimensional finite element (FE) analyses were conducted to estimate the shear load capacity of EGCs in sandy soil. Two types of different cases, stone column and geosynthetic encased stone column were studied at different normal pressures varying from 15 kPa to 75 kPa. Also, the effect of diameter in two cases was considered. A close agreement between the experimental and numerical curves of shear stress - horizontal displacement trend line is observed. The obtained result showed that, by increasing the normal pressure and diameter of stone column, higher shear strength is mobilized by soil; however, in the case of encased stone column, increasing the diameter had more dominated effect in mobilized shear strength. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=encased%20stone%20column" title="encased stone column">encased stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=laterally%20load" title=" laterally load"> laterally load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ordinary%20stone%20column" title=" ordinary stone column"> ordinary stone column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=validation" title=" validation"> validation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55939/numerical-analysis-of-geosynthetic-encased-stone-columns-under-laterally-loads" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55939.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">369</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5486</span> Construction and Analysis of Partially Balanced Sudoku Design of Prime Order</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abubakar%20Danbaba">Abubakar Danbaba</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Sudoku squares have been widely used to design an experiment where each treatment occurs exactly once in each row, column or sub-block. For some experiments, the size of row (or column or sub-block) may be larger than the number of treatments. Since each treatment appears only once in each row (column or sub-block) with an additional empty cell such designs are partially balanced Sudoku designs (PBSD) with NP-complete structures. This paper proposed methods for constructing PBSD of prime order of treatments by a modified Kronecker product and swap of matrix row (or column) in cyclic order. In addition, linear model and procedure for the analysis of data for PBSD are proposed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudoku%20design" title="sudoku design">sudoku design</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=partial%20sudoku" title=" partial sudoku"> partial sudoku</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NP-complete" title=" NP-complete"> NP-complete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kronecker%20product" title=" Kronecker product"> Kronecker product</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=row%20and%20column%20swap" title=" row and column swap"> row and column swap</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47207/construction-and-analysis-of-partially-balanced-sudoku-design-of-prime-order" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/47207.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">272</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5485</span> Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Reinforced Concrete Flat Plate-Inclined Column Connection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rabab%20Allouzi">Rabab Allouzi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amer%20Alkloub"> Amer Alkloub</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As the complex shaped buildings become a popular trend for architects, this paper is presented to investigate the performance of reinforced concrete flat plate-inclined column connection. The studies on the inclined column and flat plate connections are not sufficient in comparison to those on the conventional structures. The effect of column angle of inclination on the punching shear strength is found significant and studied herein. This paper presents a non-linear finite element based modeling approach to estimate behavior of RC flat plate inclined column connection. Results from simulations of RC flat plate-straight column connection show good agreement with experimental response of specimens tested by other researchers. The model is further used to study the response of inclined columns to punching at various ranges of inclination angles. The inclination angle can be included in the punching shear strength provisions provided by ACI 318-14 to account for the effect of column inclination. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punching%20shear" title="punching shear">punching shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=non-linear%20finite%20element" title=" non-linear finite element"> non-linear finite element</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inclined%20columns" title=" inclined columns"> inclined columns</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete%20connection" title=" reinforced concrete connection"> reinforced concrete connection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77848/nonlinear-finite-element-modeling-of-reinforced-concrete-flat-plate-inclined-column-connection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/77848.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">246</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5484</span> A Simple Design Procedure for Calculating the Column Ultimate Load of Steel Frame Structures</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Hakim%20Chikho">Abdul Hakim Chikho</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Calculating the ultimate load of a column in a sway framed structure involves, in the currently used design method, the calculation of the column effective length and utilizing the interaction formulas or tables. Therefore, no allowance is usually made for the effects of the presence of semi rigid connections or the presence of infill panels. In this paper, a new and simple design procedure is recommend to calculate the ultimate load of a framed Column allowing for the presence of rotational end restraints, semi rigid connections, the column end moments resulted from the applied vertical and horizontal loading and infill panels in real steel structure. In order to verify the accuracy of the recommended method to predict good and safe estimations of framed column ultimate loads, several examples have been solved utilizing the recommended procedure, and the results were compared to those obtained using a second order computer program, and good correlation had been obtained. Therefore, the accuracy of the proposed method to predict the Behaviour of practical steel columns in framed structures has been verified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20ultimate%20load" title="column ultimate load">column ultimate load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semi%20rigid%20connections" title=" semi rigid connections"> semi rigid connections</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20%20column" title=" steel column"> steel column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=infill%20panel" title=" infill panel"> infill panel</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20structure" title=" steel structure"> steel structure</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140264/a-simple-design-procedure-for-calculating-the-column-ultimate-load-of-steel-frame-structures" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/140264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">178</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5483</span> Feasibility of Building Structure Due to Decreased Concrete Quality of School Building in Banda Aceh City 19 Years after Tsunami</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rifqi%20Irvansyah">Rifqi Irvansyah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdullah%20Abdullah"> Abdullah Abdullah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunita%20Idris"> Yunita Idris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bunga%20Raihanda"> Bunga Raihanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Banda Aceh is particularly susceptible to heightened vulnerability during natural disasters due to its concentrated exposure to multi-hazard risks. Despite urgent priorities during the aftermath of natural disasters, such as the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami, several public facilities, including school buildings, sustained damage yet continued operations without adequate repairs, even though they were submerged by the tsunami. This research aims to evaluate the consequences of column damage induced by tsunami inundation on the structural integrity of buildings. The investigation employs interaction diagrams for columns to assess their capacity, taking into account factors such as rebar deterioration and corrosion. The analysis result shows that one-fourth of the K1 columns on the first floor fall outside of the column interaction diagram, indicating that the column structure cannot handle the load above it, as evidenced by the presence of Pu and Mu, which are greater than the column's design strength. This suggests that the five columns of K1 should be cause for concern, as the column's capacity is decreasing. These results indicate that the structure of the building cannot sustain the applied load because the column cross-section has deteriorated. In contrast, all K2 columns meet the design strength, indicating that the column structure can withstand the structural loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tsunami%20inundation" title="tsunami inundation">tsunami inundation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20damage" title=" column damage"> column damage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20interaction%20diagram" title=" column interaction diagram"> column interaction diagram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mitigation%20effort" title=" mitigation effort"> mitigation effort</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181471/feasibility-of-building-structure-due-to-decreased-concrete-quality-of-school-building-in-banda-aceh-city-19-years-after-tsunami" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/181471.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">67</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5482</span> Ductility of Slab-Interior Column Connections Transferring Shear and Moment</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Omar%20M.%20Ben-Sasi">Omar M. Ben-Sasi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Ductility of slab-column connections of flat slab structures is a desirable property that should be considered when designing such connections which are susceptible to punching failure around their columns. Tests to failure on six half-scale specimens were conducted for slab-interior column connections transferring shear force and unbalanced moment. The influences on connection ductility of four parameters; namely, the moment to shear force ratio, the ratio of column side length to slab effective depth, the aspect ratio of the column cross section, and the presence of four square openings located next to column corners were investigated. The study revealed marked effects of these parameters on connection ductility. Increasing the first and second parameters, were found to be in favor of increasing connection ductility, while the third and fourth parameters were found to have negative effects on the connection ductility. These findings should, hopefully, help in designing interior connections of flat slab structures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductility" title="ductility">ductility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flat%20slab" title=" flat slab"> flat slab</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=failure" title=" failure"> failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20force" title=" shear force"> shear force</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=moment" title=" moment"> moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unbalanced%20moment" title=" unbalanced moment"> unbalanced moment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=punching%20failure" title=" punching failure"> punching failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=connection" title=" connection"> connection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interior-column%20connection" title=" interior-column connection"> interior-column connection</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8917/ductility-of-slab-interior-column-connections-transferring-shear-and-moment" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/8917.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">400</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5481</span> Development, Characterization and Performance Evaluation of a Weak Cation Exchange Hydrogel Using Ultrasonic Technique</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohamed%20H.%20Sorour">Mohamed H. Sorour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hayam%20F.%20Shaalan"> Hayam F. Shaalan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Heba%20A.%20Hani"> Heba A. Hani</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Eman%20S.%20Sayed"> Eman S. Sayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20A.%20El-Mansoup"> Amany A. El-Mansoup</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Heavy metals (HMs) present an increasing threat to aquatic and soil environment. Thus, techniques should be developed for the removal and/or recovery of those HMs from point sources in the generating industries. This paper reports our endeavors concerning the development of in-house developed weak cation exchange polyacrylate hydrogel kaolin composites for heavy metals removal. This type of composite enables desirable characteristics and functions including mechanical strength, bed porosity and cost advantages. This paper emphasizes the effect of varying crosslinker (methylenebis(acrylamide)) concentration. The prepared cation exchanger has been subjected to intensive characterization using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and Brunauer Emmett and Teller (BET) method. Moreover, the performance was investigated using synthetic and real wastewater for an industrial complex east of Cairo. Simulated and real wastewater compositions addressed; Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb are in the range of (92-115), (91-103), (86-88) and (99-125), respectively. Adsorption experiments have been conducted in both batch and column modes. In general, batch tests revealed enhanced cation exchange capacities of 70, 72, 78.2 and 99.9 mg/g from single synthetic wastes while, removal efficiencies of 82.2, 86.4, 44.4 and 96% were obtained for Cr, Co, Ni and Pb, respectively from mixed synthetic wastes. It is concluded that the mixed synthetic and real wastewaters have lower adsorption capacities than single solutions. It is worth mentioned that Pb attained higher adsorption capacities with comparable results in all tested concentrations of synthetic and real wastewaters. Pilot scale experiments were also conducted for mixed synthetic waste in a fluidized bed column for 48 hour cycle time which revealed 86.4%, 58.5%, 66.8% and 96.9% removal efficiency for Cr, Co, Ni, and Pb, respectively with maximum regeneration was also conducted using saline and acid regenerants. Maximum regeneration efficiencies for the column studies higher than the batch ones about by about 30% to 60%. Studies are currently under way to enhance the regeneration efficiency to enable successful scaling up of the adsorption column. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polyacrylate%20hydrogel%20kaolin" title="polyacrylate hydrogel kaolin">polyacrylate hydrogel kaolin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ultrasonic%20irradiation" title=" ultrasonic irradiation"> ultrasonic irradiation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metals" title=" heavy metals"> heavy metals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adsorption%20and%20regeneration" title=" adsorption and regeneration"> adsorption and regeneration</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99198/development-characterization-and-performance-evaluation-of-a-weak-cation-exchange-hydrogel-using-ultrasonic-technique" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/99198.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">123</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5480</span> Behaviour of Rc Column under Biaxial Cyclic Loading-State of the Art</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=L.%20Pavithra">L. Pavithra</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Sharmila"> R. Sharmila</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shivani%20Sridhar"> Shivani Sridhar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Columns severe structural damage needs proportioning a significant portion of earthquake energy can be dissipated yielding in the beams. Presence of axial load along with cyclic loading has a significant influence on column. The objective of this paper is to present the analytical results of columns subjected to biaxial cyclic loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=RC%20column" title="RC column">RC column</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seismic%20behaviour" title=" Seismic behaviour"> Seismic behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20behaviour" title=" cyclic behaviour"> cyclic behaviour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biaxial%20testing" title=" biaxial testing"> biaxial testing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ductile%20behaviour" title=" ductile behaviour"> ductile behaviour</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26015/behaviour-of-rc-column-under-biaxial-cyclic-loading-state-of-the-art" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26015.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">366</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5479</span> Settlement Performance of Granular Column Reinforced Soil</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muneerah%20Jeludin">Muneerah Jeludin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The vibrated column has been widely used over the last three decades to improve the performance of soft ground and engineered compacted fill. The main reason for adopting this technique is that it is economically viable and environmental friendly. The performance of granular column with regards to bearing capacity has been well documented; however, information regarding the settlement behavior of granular columns is still limited. This paper aims to address the findings from a laboratory model study in terms of its settlement improvement. A 300 mm diameter and 400 mm high kaolin clay model was used in this investigation. Columns of various heights were installed in the clay bed using replacement method. The results in relation to load sharing mechanism between the column and surrounding clay just under the footing indicated that in short column, the available shaft resistance was not significant and introduces a potential for end braing failure as opposed to bulging failure in long columns. The settlement improvement factor corroborates well with field observations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ground%20improvement" title="ground improvement">ground improvement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=model%20test" title=" model test"> model test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20soil" title=" reinforced soil"> reinforced soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foundation" title=" foundation"> foundation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59271/settlement-performance-of-granular-column-reinforced-soil" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">268</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5478</span> Investigation on Behavior of Fixed-Ended Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Heyrani%20Birak">Y. Heyrani Birak</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hizaji"> R. Hizaji</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Shahkarami"> J. Shahkarami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced Concrete (RC) deep beams are special structural elements because of their geometry and behavior under loads. For example, assumption of strain- stress distribution is not linear in the cross section. These types of beams may have simple supports or fixed supports. A lot of research works have been conducted on simply supported deep beams, but little study has been done in the fixed-end RC deep beams behavior. Recently, using of fixed-ended deep beams has been widely increased in structures. In this study, the behavior of fixed-ended deep beams is investigated, and the important parameters in capacity of this type of beams are mentioned. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20beam" title="deep beam">deep beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity" title=" capacity"> capacity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-ended" title=" fixed-ended"> fixed-ended</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57558/investigation-on-behavior-of-fixed-ended-reinforced-concrete-deep-beams" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57558.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">334</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5477</span> Failure Mechanism in Fixed-Ended Reinforced Concrete Deep Beams under Cyclic Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Aarabzadeh">A. Aarabzadeh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Hizaji"> R. Hizaji</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Reinforced Concrete (RC) deep beams are a special type of beams due to their geometry, boundary conditions, and behavior compared to ordinary shallow beams. For example, assumption of a linear strain-stress distribution in the cross section is not valid. Little study has been dedicated to fixed-end RC deep beams. Also, most experimental studies are carried out on simply supported deep beams. Regarding recent tendency for application of deep beams, possibility of using fixed-ended deep beams has been widely increased in structures. Therefore, it seems necessary to investigate the aforementioned structural element in more details. In addition to experimental investigation of a concrete deep beam under cyclic load, different failure mechanisms of fixed-ended deep beams under this type of loading have been evaluated in the present study. The results show that failure mechanisms of deep beams under cyclic loads are quite different from monotonic loads. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deep%20beam" title="deep beam">deep beam</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20load" title=" cyclic load"> cyclic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title=" reinforced concrete"> reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fixed-ended" title=" fixed-ended"> fixed-ended</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56504/failure-mechanism-in-fixed-ended-reinforced-concrete-deep-beams-under-cyclic-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/56504.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">361</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5476</span> Reduction of Differential Column Shortening in Tall Buildings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hansoo%20Kim">Hansoo Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Seunghak%20Shin"> Seunghak Shin</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The differential column shortening in tall buildings can be reduced by improving material and structural characteristics of the structural systems. This paper proposes structural methods to reduce differential column shortening in reinforced concrete tall buildings; connecting columns with rigidly jointed horizontal members, using outriggers, and placing additional reinforcement at the columns. The rigidly connected horizontal members including outriggers reduce the differential shortening between adjacent vertical members. The axial stiffness of columns with greater shortening can be effectively increased by placing additional reinforcement at the columns, thus the differential column shortening can be reduced in the design stage. The optimum distribution of additional reinforcement can be determined by applying a gradient based optimization technique. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20shortening" title="column shortening">column shortening</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=long-term%20behavior" title=" long-term behavior"> long-term behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optimization" title=" optimization"> optimization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tall%20building" title=" tall building"> tall building</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4789/reduction-of-differential-column-shortening-in-tall-buildings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/4789.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">249</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5475</span> Estimation of Slab Depth, Column Size and Rebar Location of Concrete Specimen Using Impact Echo Method</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20T.%20Lee">Y. T. Lee</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20H.%20Na"> J. H. Na</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20H.%20Kim"> S. H. Kim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20U.%20Hong"> S. U. Hong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an experimental research for estimation of slab depth, column size and location of rebar of concrete specimen is conducted using the Impact Echo Method (IE) based on stress wave among non-destructive test methods. Estimation of slab depth had total length of 1800×300 and 6 different depths including 150 mm, 180 mm, 210 mm, 240 mm, 270 mm and 300 mm. The concrete column specimen was manufactured by differentiating the size into 300×300×300 mm, 400×400×400 mm and 500×500×500 mm. In case of the specimen for estimation of rebar, rebar of ∅22 mm was used in a specimen of 300×370×200 and arranged at 130 mm and 150 mm from the top to the rebar top. As a result of error rate of slab depth was overall mean of 3.1%. Error rate of column size was overall mean of 1.7%. Mean error rate of rebar location was 1.72% for top, 1.19% for bottom and 1.5% for overall mean showing relative accuracy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=impact%20echo%20method" title="impact echo method">impact echo method</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title=" estimation"> estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slab%20depth" title=" slab depth"> slab depth</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=column%20size" title=" column size"> column size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rebar%20location" title=" rebar location"> rebar location</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=concrete" title=" concrete"> concrete</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6106/estimation-of-slab-depth-column-size-and-rebar-location-of-concrete-specimen-using-impact-echo-method" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6106.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">351</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5474</span> Numerical Investigation of Soft Clayey Soil Improved by Soil-Cement Columns under Harmonic Load</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Ziaie%20Moayed">R. Ziaie Moayed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=E.%20Ghanbari%20Alamouty"> E. Ghanbari Alamouty</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Deep soil mixing is one of the improvement methods in geotechnical engineering which is widely used in soft soils. This article investigates the consolidation behavior of a soft clay soil which is improved by soil-cement column (SCC) by numerical modeling using Plaxis2D program. This behavior is simulated under vertical static and cyclic load which is applied on the soil surface. The static load problem is the simulation of a physical model test in an axisymmetric condition which uses a single SCC in the model center. The results of numerical modeling consist of settlement of soft soil composite, stress on soft soil and column, and excessive pore water pressure in the soil show a good correspondence with the test results. The response of soft soil composite to the cyclic load in vertical direction also compared with the static results. Also the effects of two variables namely the cement content used in a SCC and the area ratio (the ratio of the diameter of SCC to the diameter of composite soil model, a) is investigated. The results show that the stress on the column with the higher value of a, is lesser compared with the stress on other columns. Different rate of consolidation and excessive pore pressure distribution is observed in cyclic load problem. Also comparing the results of settlement of soil shows higher compressibility in the cyclic load problem. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=area%20ratio" title="area ratio">area ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consolidation%20behavior" title=" consolidation behavior"> consolidation behavior</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyclic%20load" title=" cyclic load"> cyclic load</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=numerical%20modeling" title=" numerical modeling"> numerical modeling</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil-cement%20column" title=" soil-cement column"> soil-cement column</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96360/numerical-investigation-of-soft-clayey-soil-improved-by-soil-cement-columns-under-harmonic-load" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96360.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">151</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">5473</span> Mixed Number Algebra and Its Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Shah%20Alam">Md. Shah Alam</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Mushfiq Ahmad has defined a Mixed Number, which is the sum of a scalar and a Cartesian vector. He has also defined the elementary group operations of Mixed numbers i.e. the norm of Mixed numbers, the product of two Mixed numbers, the identity element and the inverse. It has been observed that Mixed Number is consistent with Pauli matrix algebra and a handy tool to work with Dirac electron theory. Its use as a mathematical method in Physics has been studied. (1) We have applied Mixed number in Quantum Mechanics: Mixed Number version of Displacement operator, Vector differential operator, and Angular momentum operator has been developed. Mixed Number method has also been applied to Klein-Gordon equation. (2) We have applied Mixed number in Electrodynamics: Mixed Number version of Maxwell’s equation, the Electric and Magnetic field quantities and Lorentz Force has been found. (3) An associative transformation of Mixed Number numbers fulfilling Lorentz invariance requirement is developed. (4) We have applied Mixed number algebra as an extension of Complex number. Mixed numbers and the Quaternions have isomorphic correspondence, but they are different in algebraic details. The multiplication of unit Mixed number and the multiplication of unit Quaternions are different. Since Mixed Number has properties similar to those of Pauli matrix algebra, Mixed Number algebra is a more convenient tool to deal with Dirac equation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20number" title="mixed number">mixed number</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=special%20relativity" title=" special relativity"> special relativity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantum%20mechanics" title=" quantum mechanics"> quantum mechanics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrodynamics" title=" electrodynamics"> electrodynamics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pauli%20matrix" title=" pauli matrix"> pauli matrix</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39999/mixed-number-algebra-and-its-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39999.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">364</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Deep%20mixed%20column&page=5">5</a></li> <li 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