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Philadelphia County, PA]: Collateral Measures, 2000-2004" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/127711559/Research_on_Pathways_to_Desistance_Maricopa_County_AZ_and_Philadelphia_County_PA_Collateral_Measures_2000_2004">Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Collateral Measures, 2000-2004</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ICPSR Data Holdings</span><span>, Jan 7, 2013</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper 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class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Incarceration in Allegheny County" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County">Incarceration in Allegheny County</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Incarceration in Allegheny County examines the progress Allegheny County has made in implementing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Incarceration in Allegheny County examines the progress Allegheny County has made in implementing the 2016 recommendations of the Criminal Justice Task Force. This report examines innovation solutions implemented in Allegheny County by the County Executive, Public Defender, District, and Courts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125516302"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125516302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125516302; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125516302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125516302]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125516302; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125516302']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125516302]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125516302,"title":"Incarceration in Allegheny County","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122903546"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122903546/Service_Systems_at_the_Local_Level"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Service Systems at the Local Level" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122903546/Service_Systems_at_the_Local_Level">Service Systems at the Local Level</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The level of disability among severely mentally ill persons is a substantial and costly burden on...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The level of disability among severely mentally ill persons is a substantial and costly burden on society as well as a burden on family members and the affected individual. 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120468828"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120468828/Research_on_Pathways_to_Desistance_Maricopa_County_AZ_and_Philadelphia_County_PA_Subject_Measures_2000_2010"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120468828/Research_on_Pathways_to_Desistance_Maricopa_County_AZ_and_Philadelphia_County_PA_Subject_Measures_2000_2010">Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ICPSR Data Holdings</span><span>, Aug 20, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120468828"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120468828"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120468828; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033787/Applications_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_to_Community_Psychology_Research_and_Practice"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Community Psychology Research & Practice" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033787/Applications_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_to_Community_Psychology_Research_and_Practice">Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Community Psychology Research & Practice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsycEXTRA Dataset</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033787; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033786]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033786,"title":"Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice Policy and Practice","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033786/Risk_Assessment_in_Juvenile_Justice_Policy_and_Practice","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement">Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology</span><span>, May 4, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Although firearm violence is universally recognized as a paramount public health problem...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Although firearm violence is universally recognized as a paramount public health problem in the United States, for nearly two decades a Congressional budget amendment prevented federal agencies from funding research aimed at understanding the antecedents and consequences of gun violence. These restrictions have been lifted in recent years; however, the field is struggling to overcome a considerable lapse in developmentally-informed longitudinal research on adolescent gun involvement. Some key areas in need of further investigation include: (a) examining developmental and gender differences in risk factors for adolescent gun carrying, (b) clarifying the mechanisms through which socio–economic disadvantage confers risk for engaging in adolescent gun violence, (c) identifying proximal risk and protective factors that are associated with engagement in adolescent gun violence among high risk youth, and (d) delineating the unique effect the exposure to gun violence has on adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems. This special section was organized in an attempt to revitalize research on these issues using a diverse array of longitudinal data sets consisting of both epidemiological and juvenile justice samples. Collectively, the findings from these studies are based upon repeated assessments conducted from childhood through early adulthood, making this set of papers uniquely positioned to advance our understanding of adolescent gun involvement from a developmental perspective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033785"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033785; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033785]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033785; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033785']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033785]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033785,"title":"Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560278/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence">The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Jan 15, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The recent media hype over school shootings has led to demands for methods of identifying school ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The recent media hype over school shootings has led to demands for methods of identifying school shooters before they act. Despite the fact that schools remain one of the safest places for youths to be, schools are beginning to adopt identification systems to determine which students could be future killers. The methods used to accomplish this not only are unproven but are inherently limited in usefulness and often do more harm than good for both the children and the school setting. The authors' goals in the present article are to place school shootings in perspective relative to other risks of violence that children face and to provide a reasonable and scientifically defensible approach to improving the safety of schools.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="933438752da96d03b39b2fe5f1c24c0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560278,"asset_id":115033784,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560278/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033784]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033784']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "933438752da96d03b39b2fe5f1c24c0e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033784]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033784,"title":"The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[{"id":111560278,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560278/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0003-066X.56.10.79720240217-1-pbgdvv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560278/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111560278/0003-066X.56.10.79720240217-1-pbgdvv-libre.pdf?1708201894=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School.pdf\u0026Expires=1740546535\u0026Signature=LBKdKJ0P0pY2KtX9GWkCd8YxWp34bjNYJbyacaokDXGanpZEmBDWwRO7hH8DP-bVa364hHDAd-Lq9tEPhdVDf~v7~Yydh-4WelikvzX~D34EONUBcOy~cV55u6rV1dpwXLrlXvWDWRXaJb0Mrecpwc348~wPqC2MTJssnCqukMP7pxI6cD9PFymQ0QEapYiKpiXD8A8KeIZVpP43KgQLMTDAqleI3vP9DuBDw14E3egD6SDRZWp09y0nSY~H1o-YGYxGQs92zMRg0Y2~UkoQdYM7OiStlaWHGWKfwQm-wAqCNnhzRTIm-NjB6RFwQTzS1hCV7r3R~lBFbO0JnWRbNw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033783/Assessing_the_Likelihood_of_Future_Violence_in_Individuals_with_Mental_Illness_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Issues"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Likelihood of Future Violence in Individuals with Mental Illness: Current Knowledge and Future Issues" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560261/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033783/Assessing_the_Likelihood_of_Future_Violence_in_Individuals_with_Mental_Illness_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Issues">Assessing the Likelihood of Future Violence in Individuals with Mental Illness: Current Knowledge and Future Issues</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of law and policy</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb2eeb9c818a365d6a46454ca08dc946" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560261,"asset_id":115033783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560261/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033783; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033782"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033782/Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in_Hand_Examining_How_Juvenile_Offenders_Gun_Carrying_Changes_Before_and_After_Drug_Dealing_Spells_Across_84_Months"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing and Gun Carrying Go Hand in Hand: Examining How Juvenile Offenders’ Gun Carrying Changes Before and After Drug Dealing Spells Across 84 Months" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560281/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033782/Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in_Hand_Examining_How_Juvenile_Offenders_Gun_Carrying_Changes_Before_and_After_Drug_Dealing_Spells_Across_84_Months">Drug Dealing and Gun Carrying Go Hand in Hand: Examining How Juvenile Offenders’ Gun Carrying Changes Before and After Drug Dealing Spells Across 84 Months</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</span><span>, Dec 6, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives:This study aims to examine whether periods of marijuana and other illicit drug dealing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives:This study aims to examine whether periods of marijuana and other illicit drug dealing (“spells” of dealing) are associated with changes in young male offenders’ gun carrying behavior.Methods:This paper uses 84 months of data from a sample of 479 serious juvenile male offenders who were assessed every six months for three years and then annually for four years. At each assessment, participants reported on engagement in illicit behaviors, including drug dealing and gun carrying, in each month since the prior interview. We used fixed effects models to assess within-individual changes in participants’ gun carrying immediately before, during, and right after a dealing spell, while controlling for relevant time varying confounds (e.g., gang involvement, exposure to violence). Additionally, we tested moderation by type of drug sold.Results:There was a slight increase in gun carrying right before a drug dealing spell (OR = 1.3–1.4), then a more pronounced increase in gun carrying during the months of a drug dealing spell (OR = 8.0–12.8). Right after a dealing spell ends, youths’ gun carrying dropped dramatically, but remained significantly elevated relative to their baseline levels (OR = 2.6–2.8). The association between drug dealing spells and increases in gun carrying was stronger when participants dealt hard drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin) relative to marijuana.Conclusions:These results suggest that designing and implementing programs to prevent the initiation of drug dealing and decrease involvement in drug dealing may help to substantially reduce illegal gun carrying and firearm violence among delinquent males.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5523369a7af4d9aa089fd18f3d03b0da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560281,"asset_id":115033782,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560281/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033782"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033782"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033782; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033782]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033782]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033782; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033782']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033781"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033781/A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanity_defense_standards"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033781/A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanity_defense_standards">A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Psychiatry</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: Controversy about the formulation of the insanity defense has been intense, but little...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: Controversy about the formulation of the insanity defense has been intense, but little empirical work is available regarding how different standards affect court findings. The major aims of the present study were to determine if different standards for determining insanity produced different judgments and to provide a broad descriptive picture of those cases in which the standards appeared to make a difference. Method: Four forensic psychiatrists were asked to indicate whether they thought 1 64 defendants met any or all of four insanity tests: 1) the American Law Institute (ALl) cognitive criterion, 2) the ALl volitional criterion, 3) the APA test, and 4) the M'Naghten rule. Results: The four psychiatrists determined that 97.5% of the defendants met the ALl volitional criterion, 73.9% met the APA criterion, 70.3% met the M'Naghten rule, and 69.5% met the ALl cognitive criterion. Nearly two-thirds ofthe defendants met all four insanity tests, and 24.4% met only the ALl volitional test. Few defendants met cognitive tests without also meeting the ALl volitional test. Elimination ofthe volitional test for insanity reduced the rate ofpsychiatric recommendations of acquittal by 24.4%. Conclusions: These findings highlight the fact that the primary logical division between volitional and cognitive standards appears to be powerful but that distinctions between types of cognitive standards are not terribly powerful. In addition, the variation among individual raters must be viewed as an important determinant of how any insanity standard is applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be05a4b12b973cbfbadbb133eac66b12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560289,"asset_id":115033781,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560289/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033781"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033781"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033781; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033781]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033781]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033781; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033781']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "be05a4b12b973cbfbadbb133eac66b12" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033781]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033781,"title":"A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033781/A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanity_defense_standards","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[{"id":111560289,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560289/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"ajp.148.1.2120240217-1-qvm9zq.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560289/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanit.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111560289/ajp.148.1.2120240217-1-qvm9zq-libre.pdf?1708201896=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DA_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanit.pdf\u0026Expires=1740546535\u0026Signature=fF2d9bV3P4pWVNCVrhdY~2uDLR77yIam13qTWR0PhheywTl3LND1QlpOBLTs7m-sjId1Cz4ijG09N6QEPAcn0gwlocaR~h96WiW5jjL4grSvRX2BQj0VjxeT9Z48GTWYN~MoUqDf~pHOOgDeHPKEpuJzixbR1f16V~nNBwpJhcYPz2ttNhzNlUmkIAtCIleHPD4W0F0xtp-nY-LMwG1W9XA~bp0sopjTLABsRT8wsHOWNumvVw61dRSk--hXP1LRe63rBnWB5q5zFWlwP6Ol5HIS5kdYGiyXI5Mg63Pc11P~0dvOVfMc9BCFwegvka0IOZUoYX~JX3vjvCpmiG-YKQ__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033780/The_Direct_and_Indirect_Associations_between_Childhood_Socioeconomic_Disadvantage_and_Adolescent_Gun_Violence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Direct and Indirect Associations between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Gun Violence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560280/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033780/The_Direct_and_Indirect_Associations_between_Childhood_Socioeconomic_Disadvantage_and_Adolescent_Gun_Violence">The Direct and Indirect Associations between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Gun Violence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology</span><span>, Aug 8, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective:We examined whether childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective:We examined whether childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent gun violence, and whether early symptoms of conduct disorder and/or exposure to delinquent peers accounted for the linkage.Method:Participants were 503 predominately Black and White boys who were recruited in first grade from Pittsburgh public schools. Multi-informant assessments were conducted regularly from age ~7 to ~20. A latent socioeconomic disadvantage factor was estimated with census-tract and parent-reported data when boys were ~7.5. Latent growth curve models assessed parent/teacher-reported conduct problems and youth-reported peer delinquency from age ~7.5 to ~10. The outcome was youth-reported engagement in gun violence by about age 20. We also controlled for race. Analyses examined whether the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent gun violence was mediated through early conduct problems and/or increased exposure to delinquent peers.Results:Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent gun violence, and some of this effect was mediated through peer delinquency and conduct problems. Specifically, childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with greater affiliation with delinquent peers in early childhood, and early peer delinquency promoted a greater increase in conduct problems across childhood, and these conduct problems, in turn, led to an increased risk for adolescent gun violence.Conclusion:This study found that early socioeconomic disadvantage was directly and indirectly related to adolescent gun violence. Results suggest that interventions that aim to reduce conduct problems and deviant peer group affiliation in childhood might be important windows of opportunity for reducing gun violence in impoverished neighborhoods.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6a21381f2d000ee74fbebe972daf01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560280,"asset_id":115033780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560280/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033780; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033779"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders">Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NYU Press eBooks</span><span>, Oct 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Deterrence, as traditionally hypothesized, is based upon the logic that criminal sanctions that a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Deterrence, as traditionally hypothesized, is based upon the logic that criminal sanctions that are certain, severe, and swift will work to increase perceived sanction risk and cost, and in turn reduce criminal activity (Beccaria 1764; Zimring and Hawkins 1973; Andenaes 1974). Offenders&amp;amp;amp;#x27; perceptions of certainty and severity are closely linked to economic and criminological theories of rational choice. A rational would-be offender will engage in crimes that are attractive because the expected rewards will exceed the expected costs (Becker ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033779"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033779]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033779']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033779]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033779,"title":"Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033778"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033778/Guns_School_Shooters_and_School_Safety_What_We_Know_and_Directions_for_Change"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Guns, School Shooters, and School Safety: What We Know and Directions for Change" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033778/Guns_School_Shooters_and_School_Safety_What_We_Know_and_Directions_for_Change">Guns, School Shooters, and School Safety: What We Know and Directions for Change</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>School Psychology Review</span><span>, Mar 5, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract We summarize current data and understanding about the prevalence of gun violence at scho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract We summarize current data and understanding about the prevalence of gun violence at schools and risk of rampage school shootings. Following that comes a discussion of gun availability among youth and strategies and practices in the United States and abroad that have been implemented to limit access to firearms for minors. Next, we review the current evidence for arming school teachers, a strategy that could also increase the number of firearms in schools. We then focus on three specific strategies that schools have implemented to reduce school shootings and improve school safety: (a) addressing the role of mental health in school shootings and violence perpetration; (b) implementing multidisciplinary threat assessment protocols; and (c) target hardening and utilizing school resource officers. Based on available evidence, a public health approach to addressing firearm violence in schools is the most effective way to prevent school shootings, even if these effects are indirect through improvements in student social competence and positive school climate. Finally, we offer some recommendations for future practice, policy and research. Impact Statement Based on the available evidence, singular approaches like target hardening or utilizing SROs will not reduce risk for school shootings and may lead to other deleterious effects. A public health approach that emphasizes student social–emotional learning and improved school climate may indirectly reduce firearm violence. Policies that limit youth access to firearms may also help to lower the risk of gun violence at school.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033778"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033778"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033778; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033778]").text(description); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033778]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033778,"title":"Guns, School Shooters, and School Safety: What We Know and Directions for Change","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033778/Guns_School_Shooters_and_School_Safety_What_We_Know_and_Directions_for_Change","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033777"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033777/A_national_study_of_ethical_dilemmas_of_psychologists_in_the_criminal_justice_system"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A national study of ethical dilemmas of psychologists in the criminal justice system" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033777/A_national_study_of_ethical_dilemmas_of_psychologists_in_the_criminal_justice_system">A national study of ethical dilemmas of psychologists in the criminal justice system</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Psychological Association eBooks</span><span>, Oct 27, 2004</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033777"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033777"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033777; 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033775]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033775,"title":"Risk assessment and violence: Implications of the interactionist perspective","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033775/Risk_assessment_and_violence_Implications_of_the_interactionist_perspective","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033774"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033774/0491_Sleep_among_Adolescents_in_Juvenile_Detention"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 0491 Sleep among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560275/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033774/0491_Sleep_among_Adolescents_in_Juvenile_Detention">0491 Sleep among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sleep</span><span>, May 25, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2 Auberle 3 Allegheny County 4 Introduction: Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2 Auberle 3 Allegheny County 4 Introduction: Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system demonstrate high rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and trauma, all of which is associated with poor sleep. Poor sleep is common among adolescents and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes like inattention, school absenteeism, emotion dysregulation, and substance use, outcomes that are related to juvenile justice system involvement. Yet very little is known about the sleep of adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system. We conducted a medical chart review and survey of detained adolescents to describe the sleep patterns and problems among these youth. Methods: We reviewed a random sample (26%) of the medical charts of youth detained in a juvenile detention center (n=31) over four days in Summer 2021. We reviewed all medical encounters in the month prior to the date of chart review. Additionally, 13 youth completed the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Sleep Disturbance Short Form (PROMIS-SD). Twelve of them reported their sleep patterns while in detention. Results: Sleep was mentioned in 23% of all medical encounters, 62% of which indicated poor sleep. Sleep treatment was documented in 24% of notes, all consisting of pharmacotherapy. A sleep diagnosis was documented on 37% of billing sheets of all youth seen by a medical provider in the detention center in July 2021. On average, participants reported lights out around 9pm (SD=35min), sleep onset latency of 74mins (SD=75mins), wake time after sleep onset of ~20 minutes (SD=16mins), and wake-up time of 7:50am (SD=67min). Youth reported average sleep duration of more than 9 hours while detained (SD=103mins). Average PROMIS-SD score was 66.2 (range 51.5-79.1) Conclusion: Though most youth obtain the recommended amount of sleep while detained, sleep disturbance is highly common among this population and average sleep disturbance is more than one standard deviation above the average. These data may inform the type of sleep interventions that are most relevant to detained youth. Future work should focus on further examining the sleep of adolescents in the juvenile justice system and identifying feasible, acceptable, and useful strategies for implementing evidence-based sleep interventions in this setting.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8472d7a2f5e4a97cf45ff666837ef09f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560275,"asset_id":115033774,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560275/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033774"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033774"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033774; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="125516302"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Incarceration in Allegheny County" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County">Incarceration in Allegheny County</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Incarceration in Allegheny County examines the progress Allegheny County has made in implementing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Incarceration in Allegheny County examines the progress Allegheny County has made in implementing the 2016 recommendations of the Criminal Justice Task Force. This report examines innovation solutions implemented in Allegheny County by the County Executive, Public Defender, District, and Courts.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="125516302"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="125516302"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125516302; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125516302]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=125516302]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 125516302; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='125516302']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=125516302]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":125516302,"title":"Incarceration in Allegheny County","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/125516302/Incarceration_in_Allegheny_County","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="122903546"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122903546/Service_Systems_at_the_Local_Level"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Service Systems at the Local Level" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/122903546/Service_Systems_at_the_Local_Level">Service Systems at the Local Level</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The level of disability among severely mentally ill persons is a substantial and costly burden on...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The level of disability among severely mentally ill persons is a substantial and costly burden on society as well as a burden on family members and the affected individual. 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="120468828"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120468828/Research_on_Pathways_to_Desistance_Maricopa_County_AZ_and_Philadelphia_County_PA_Subject_Measures_2000_2010"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/120468828/Research_on_Pathways_to_Desistance_Maricopa_County_AZ_and_Philadelphia_County_PA_Subject_Measures_2000_2010">Research on Pathways to Desistance [Maricopa County, AZ and Philadelphia County, PA]: Subject Measures, 2000-2010</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>ICPSR Data Holdings</span><span>, Aug 20, 2012</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="120468828"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="120468828"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 120468828; 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</script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033787"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033787/Applications_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_to_Community_Psychology_Research_and_Practice"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Community Psychology Research & Practice" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033787/Applications_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_to_Community_Psychology_Research_and_Practice">Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Community Psychology Research & Practice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>PsycEXTRA Dataset</span><span>, 2007</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033787"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033787"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033787; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033787]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033787]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033787; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033787']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033787]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033787,"title":"Applications of Geographic Information Systems to Community Psychology Research \u0026 Practice","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033787/Applications_of_Geographic_Information_Systems_to_Community_Psychology_Research_and_Practice","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033786"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033786/Risk_Assessment_in_Juvenile_Justice_Policy_and_Practice"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice Policy and Practice" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033786/Risk_Assessment_in_Juvenile_Justice_Policy_and_Practice">Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice Policy and Practice</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Oxford University Press eBooks</span><span>, Apr 1, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033786"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033786"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033786; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033786]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033786]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033786; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033786']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033786]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033786,"title":"Risk Assessment in Juvenile Justice Policy and Practice","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033786/Risk_Assessment_in_Juvenile_Justice_Policy_and_Practice","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033785"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement">Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology</span><span>, May 4, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">ABSTRACT Although firearm violence is universally recognized as a paramount public health problem...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">ABSTRACT Although firearm violence is universally recognized as a paramount public health problem in the United States, for nearly two decades a Congressional budget amendment prevented federal agencies from funding research aimed at understanding the antecedents and consequences of gun violence. These restrictions have been lifted in recent years; however, the field is struggling to overcome a considerable lapse in developmentally-informed longitudinal research on adolescent gun involvement. Some key areas in need of further investigation include: (a) examining developmental and gender differences in risk factors for adolescent gun carrying, (b) clarifying the mechanisms through which socio–economic disadvantage confers risk for engaging in adolescent gun violence, (c) identifying proximal risk and protective factors that are associated with engagement in adolescent gun violence among high risk youth, and (d) delineating the unique effect the exposure to gun violence has on adolescents’ emotional and behavioral problems. This special section was organized in an attempt to revitalize research on these issues using a diverse array of longitudinal data sets consisting of both epidemiological and juvenile justice samples. Collectively, the findings from these studies are based upon repeated assessments conducted from childhood through early adulthood, making this set of papers uniquely positioned to advance our understanding of adolescent gun involvement from a developmental perspective.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033785"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033785"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033785; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033785]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033785]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033785; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033785']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033785]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033785,"title":"Special Section Introduction: Revitalizing Developmental Research on Adolescent Gun Involvement","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033785/Special_Section_Introduction_Revitalizing_Developmental_Research_on_Adolescent_Gun_Involvement","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033784"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560278/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence">The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Routledge eBooks</span><span>, Jan 15, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">The recent media hype over school shootings has led to demands for methods of identifying school ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">The recent media hype over school shootings has led to demands for methods of identifying school shooters before they act. Despite the fact that schools remain one of the safest places for youths to be, schools are beginning to adopt identification systems to determine which students could be future killers. The methods used to accomplish this not only are unproven but are inherently limited in usefulness and often do more harm than good for both the children and the school setting. The authors' goals in the present article are to place school shootings in perspective relative to other risks of violence that children face and to provide a reasonable and scientifically defensible approach to improving the safety of schools.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="933438752da96d03b39b2fe5f1c24c0e" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560278,"asset_id":115033784,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560278/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033784"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033784"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033784; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033784]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033784]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033784; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033784']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "933438752da96d03b39b2fe5f1c24c0e" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033784]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033784,"title":"The Inherent Limits of Predicting School Violence","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033784/The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School_Violence","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[{"id":111560278,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560278/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"0003-066X.56.10.79720240217-1-pbgdvv.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560278/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"The_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111560278/0003-066X.56.10.79720240217-1-pbgdvv-libre.pdf?1708201894=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DThe_Inherent_Limits_of_Predicting_School.pdf\u0026Expires=1740546535\u0026Signature=LBKdKJ0P0pY2KtX9GWkCd8YxWp34bjNYJbyacaokDXGanpZEmBDWwRO7hH8DP-bVa364hHDAd-Lq9tEPhdVDf~v7~Yydh-4WelikvzX~D34EONUBcOy~cV55u6rV1dpwXLrlXvWDWRXaJb0Mrecpwc348~wPqC2MTJssnCqukMP7pxI6cD9PFymQ0QEapYiKpiXD8A8KeIZVpP43KgQLMTDAqleI3vP9DuBDw14E3egD6SDRZWp09y0nSY~H1o-YGYxGQs92zMRg0Y2~UkoQdYM7OiStlaWHGWKfwQm-wAqCNnhzRTIm-NjB6RFwQTzS1hCV7r3R~lBFbO0JnWRbNw__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033783"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033783/Assessing_the_Likelihood_of_Future_Violence_in_Individuals_with_Mental_Illness_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Issues"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Assessing the Likelihood of Future Violence in Individuals with Mental Illness: Current Knowledge and Future Issues" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560261/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033783/Assessing_the_Likelihood_of_Future_Violence_in_Individuals_with_Mental_Illness_Current_Knowledge_and_Future_Issues">Assessing the Likelihood of Future Violence in Individuals with Mental Illness: Current Knowledge and Future Issues</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of law and policy</span><span>, 2005</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="bb2eeb9c818a365d6a46454ca08dc946" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560261,"asset_id":115033783,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560261/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033783"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033783"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033783; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033782"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033782/Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in_Hand_Examining_How_Juvenile_Offenders_Gun_Carrying_Changes_Before_and_After_Drug_Dealing_Spells_Across_84_Months"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Drug Dealing and Gun Carrying Go Hand in Hand: Examining How Juvenile Offenders’ Gun Carrying Changes Before and After Drug Dealing Spells Across 84 Months" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560281/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033782/Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in_Hand_Examining_How_Juvenile_Offenders_Gun_Carrying_Changes_Before_and_After_Drug_Dealing_Spells_Across_84_Months">Drug Dealing and Gun Carrying Go Hand in Hand: Examining How Juvenile Offenders’ Gun Carrying Changes Before and After Drug Dealing Spells Across 84 Months</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Quantitative Criminology</span><span>, Dec 6, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objectives:This study aims to examine whether periods of marijuana and other illicit drug dealing...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objectives:This study aims to examine whether periods of marijuana and other illicit drug dealing (“spells” of dealing) are associated with changes in young male offenders’ gun carrying behavior.Methods:This paper uses 84 months of data from a sample of 479 serious juvenile male offenders who were assessed every six months for three years and then annually for four years. At each assessment, participants reported on engagement in illicit behaviors, including drug dealing and gun carrying, in each month since the prior interview. We used fixed effects models to assess within-individual changes in participants’ gun carrying immediately before, during, and right after a dealing spell, while controlling for relevant time varying confounds (e.g., gang involvement, exposure to violence). Additionally, we tested moderation by type of drug sold.Results:There was a slight increase in gun carrying right before a drug dealing spell (OR = 1.3–1.4), then a more pronounced increase in gun carrying during the months of a drug dealing spell (OR = 8.0–12.8). Right after a dealing spell ends, youths’ gun carrying dropped dramatically, but remained significantly elevated relative to their baseline levels (OR = 2.6–2.8). The association between drug dealing spells and increases in gun carrying was stronger when participants dealt hard drugs (e.g., cocaine, heroin) relative to marijuana.Conclusions:These results suggest that designing and implementing programs to prevent the initiation of drug dealing and decrease involvement in drug dealing may help to substantially reduce illegal gun carrying and firearm violence among delinquent males.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="5523369a7af4d9aa089fd18f3d03b0da" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560281,"asset_id":115033782,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560281/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033782"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033782"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033782; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033782]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033782]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033782; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033782']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "5523369a7af4d9aa089fd18f3d03b0da" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033782]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033782,"title":"Drug Dealing and Gun Carrying Go Hand in Hand: Examining How Juvenile Offenders’ Gun Carrying Changes Before and After Drug Dealing Spells Across 84 Months","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033782/Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in_Hand_Examining_How_Juvenile_Offenders_Gun_Carrying_Changes_Before_and_After_Drug_Dealing_Spells_Across_84_Months","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[{"id":111560281,"title":"","file_type":"pdf","scribd_thumbnail_url":"https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560281/thumbnails/1.jpg","file_name":"s10940-019-09442-920240217-1-csfrbw.pdf","download_url":"https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560281/download_file","bulk_download_file_name":"Drug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in.pdf","bulk_download_url":"https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/111560281/s10940-019-09442-920240217-1-csfrbw-libre.pdf?1708201895=\u0026response-content-disposition=attachment%3B+filename%3DDrug_Dealing_and_Gun_Carrying_Go_Hand_in.pdf\u0026Expires=1740546535\u0026Signature=Y4RRnVZDvGUea8JEj6Q4RuOsDR995XxKibcMF-mTgDOBrVPz-DpJFGFcI0gRSxZ5eQruy1QTxOiG-wOu7p0H5bWpsh5i-0bIaq5vWpUXa28by-7-8kt86fXrxnSzHohm-Pi2JZQXt0pgH8FuVAG-NiCi-L7a84UJ5cIv-~ySjt9~3jx~3110zdOoF~8jVftJ9kqi13B7D8O~01~xeu8Upr8wu3dC35U2856rKBlzm~QbhKlQ4MUlG5iyLV8ZhEHOWBWmDq~IBxXV7YUbIrjGE~0wVpqsz4X3Pnj0yvCcugEAt0qB8YOxNqhICYjTfZUY2tJyS6wCHW8m10t5ca-Bsg__\u0026Key-Pair-Id=APKAJLOHF5GGSLRBV4ZA"}]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033781"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033781/A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanity_defense_standards"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560289/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033781/A_prospective_comparison_of_four_insanity_defense_standards">A prospective comparison of four insanity defense standards</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>American Journal of Psychiatry</span><span>, 1991</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective: Controversy about the formulation of the insanity defense has been intense, but little...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective: Controversy about the formulation of the insanity defense has been intense, but little empirical work is available regarding how different standards affect court findings. The major aims of the present study were to determine if different standards for determining insanity produced different judgments and to provide a broad descriptive picture of those cases in which the standards appeared to make a difference. Method: Four forensic psychiatrists were asked to indicate whether they thought 1 64 defendants met any or all of four insanity tests: 1) the American Law Institute (ALl) cognitive criterion, 2) the ALl volitional criterion, 3) the APA test, and 4) the M'Naghten rule. Results: The four psychiatrists determined that 97.5% of the defendants met the ALl volitional criterion, 73.9% met the APA criterion, 70.3% met the M'Naghten rule, and 69.5% met the ALl cognitive criterion. Nearly two-thirds ofthe defendants met all four insanity tests, and 24.4% met only the ALl volitional test. Few defendants met cognitive tests without also meeting the ALl volitional test. Elimination ofthe volitional test for insanity reduced the rate ofpsychiatric recommendations of acquittal by 24.4%. Conclusions: These findings highlight the fact that the primary logical division between volitional and cognitive standards appears to be powerful but that distinctions between types of cognitive standards are not terribly powerful. In addition, the variation among individual raters must be viewed as an important determinant of how any insanity standard is applied.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="be05a4b12b973cbfbadbb133eac66b12" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560289,"asset_id":115033781,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560289/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033781"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033781"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033781; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033781]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033781]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033781; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033781']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (true){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033780"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033780/The_Direct_and_Indirect_Associations_between_Childhood_Socioeconomic_Disadvantage_and_Adolescent_Gun_Violence"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of The Direct and Indirect Associations between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Gun Violence" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560280/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033780/The_Direct_and_Indirect_Associations_between_Childhood_Socioeconomic_Disadvantage_and_Adolescent_Gun_Violence">The Direct and Indirect Associations between Childhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage and Adolescent Gun Violence</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology</span><span>, Aug 8, 2019</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Objective:We examined whether childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Objective:We examined whether childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent gun violence, and whether early symptoms of conduct disorder and/or exposure to delinquent peers accounted for the linkage.Method:Participants were 503 predominately Black and White boys who were recruited in first grade from Pittsburgh public schools. Multi-informant assessments were conducted regularly from age ~7 to ~20. A latent socioeconomic disadvantage factor was estimated with census-tract and parent-reported data when boys were ~7.5. Latent growth curve models assessed parent/teacher-reported conduct problems and youth-reported peer delinquency from age ~7.5 to ~10. The outcome was youth-reported engagement in gun violence by about age 20. We also controlled for race. Analyses examined whether the association between childhood socioeconomic disadvantage and adolescent gun violence was mediated through early conduct problems and/or increased exposure to delinquent peers.Results:Childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with adolescent gun violence, and some of this effect was mediated through peer delinquency and conduct problems. Specifically, childhood socioeconomic disadvantage was associated with greater affiliation with delinquent peers in early childhood, and early peer delinquency promoted a greater increase in conduct problems across childhood, and these conduct problems, in turn, led to an increased risk for adolescent gun violence.Conclusion:This study found that early socioeconomic disadvantage was directly and indirectly related to adolescent gun violence. Results suggest that interventions that aim to reduce conduct problems and deviant peer group affiliation in childhood might be important windows of opportunity for reducing gun violence in impoverished neighborhoods.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="6c6a21381f2d000ee74fbebe972daf01" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560280,"asset_id":115033780,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560280/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033780"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033780"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033780; 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$(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033779"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders">Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>NYU Press eBooks</span><span>, Oct 1, 2011</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Deterrence, as traditionally hypothesized, is based upon the logic that criminal sanctions that a...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Deterrence, as traditionally hypothesized, is based upon the logic that criminal sanctions that are certain, severe, and swift will work to increase perceived sanction risk and cost, and in turn reduce criminal activity (Beccaria 1764; Zimring and Hawkins 1973; Andenaes 1974). Offenders&amp;amp;amp;#x27; perceptions of certainty and severity are closely linked to economic and criminological theories of rational choice. A rational would-be offender will engage in crimes that are attractive because the expected rewards will exceed the expected costs (Becker ...</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033779"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033779"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033779; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033779]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033779]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033779; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033779']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033779]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033779,"title":"Deterring Serious and Chronic Offenders","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033779/Deterring_Serious_and_Chronic_Offenders","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033778"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033778/Guns_School_Shooters_and_School_Safety_What_We_Know_and_Directions_for_Change"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of Guns, School Shooters, and School Safety: What We Know and Directions for Change" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://a.academia-assets.com/images/blank-paper.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" rel="nofollow" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033778/Guns_School_Shooters_and_School_Safety_What_We_Know_and_Directions_for_Change">Guns, School Shooters, and School Safety: What We Know and Directions for Change</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>School Psychology Review</span><span>, Mar 5, 2021</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">Abstract We summarize current data and understanding about the prevalence of gun violence at scho...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">Abstract We summarize current data and understanding about the prevalence of gun violence at schools and risk of rampage school shootings. Following that comes a discussion of gun availability among youth and strategies and practices in the United States and abroad that have been implemented to limit access to firearms for minors. Next, we review the current evidence for arming school teachers, a strategy that could also increase the number of firearms in schools. We then focus on three specific strategies that schools have implemented to reduce school shootings and improve school safety: (a) addressing the role of mental health in school shootings and violence perpetration; (b) implementing multidisciplinary threat assessment protocols; and (c) target hardening and utilizing school resource officers. Based on available evidence, a public health approach to addressing firearm violence in schools is the most effective way to prevent school shootings, even if these effects are indirect through improvements in student social competence and positive school climate. Finally, we offer some recommendations for future practice, policy and research. Impact Statement Based on the available evidence, singular approaches like target hardening or utilizing SROs will not reduce risk for school shootings and may lead to other deleterious effects. A public health approach that emphasizes student social–emotional learning and improved school climate may indirectly reduce firearm violence. Policies that limit youth access to firearms may also help to lower the risk of gun violence at school.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033778"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033778"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033778; window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033778]").text(description); 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window.Academia.workViewCountsFetcher.queue(workId, function (count) { var description = window.$h.commaizeInt(count) + " " + window.$h.pluralize(count, 'View'); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033776]").text(description); $(".js-view-count[data-work-id=115033776]").attr('title', description).tooltip(); }); });</script></span></span><span><span class="percentile-widget hidden"><span class="u-mr2x work-percentile"></span></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033776; window.Academia.workPercentilesFetcher.queue(workId, function (percentileText) { var container = $(".js-work-strip[data-work-id='115033776']"); container.find('.work-percentile').text(percentileText.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + percentileText.slice(1)); container.find('.percentile-widget').show(); container.find('.percentile-widget').removeClass('hidden'); }); });</script></span></div><div id="work-strip-premium-row-container"></div></div></div><script> require.config({ waitSeconds: 90 })(["https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/wow_profile-a9bf3a2bc8c89fa2a77156577594264ee8a0f214d74241bc0fcd3f69f8d107ac.js","https://a.academia-assets.com/assets/work_edit-ad038b8c047c1a8d4fa01b402d530ff93c45fee2137a149a4a5398bc8ad67560.js"], function() { // from javascript_helper.rb var dispatcherData = {} if (false){ window.WowProfile.dispatcher = window.WowProfile.dispatcher || _.clone(Backbone.Events); 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dispatcherData = { dispatcher: window.WowProfile.dispatcher, downloadLinkId: "-1" } } $('.js-work-strip[data-work-id=115033775]').each(function() { if (!$(this).data('initialized')) { new WowProfile.WorkStripView({ el: this, workJSON: {"id":115033775,"title":"Risk assessment and violence: Implications of the interactionist perspective","internal_url":"https://www.academia.edu/115033775/Risk_assessment_and_violence_Implications_of_the_interactionist_perspective","owner_id":35071593,"coauthors_can_edit":true,"owner":{"id":35071593,"first_name":"Edward","middle_initials":"","last_name":"Mulvey","page_name":"EdwardMulvey","domain_name":"independent","created_at":"2015-09-19T15:30:27.556-07:00","display_name":"Edward Mulvey","url":"https://independent.academia.edu/EdwardMulvey"},"attachments":[]}, dispatcherData: dispatcherData }); $(this).data('initialized', true); } }); $a.trackClickSource(".js-work-strip-work-link", "profile_work_strip") }); </script> <div class="js-work-strip profile--work_container" data-work-id="115033774"><div class="profile--work_thumbnail hidden-xs"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-thumbnail" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033774/0491_Sleep_among_Adolescents_in_Juvenile_Detention"><img alt="Research paper thumbnail of 0491 Sleep among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention" class="work-thumbnail" src="https://attachments.academia-assets.com/111560275/thumbnails/1.jpg" /></a></div><div class="wp-workCard wp-workCard_itemContainer"><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--title"><a class="js-work-strip-work-link text-gray-darker" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-title" href="https://www.academia.edu/115033774/0491_Sleep_among_Adolescents_in_Juvenile_Detention">0491 Sleep among Adolescents in Juvenile Detention</a></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span>Sleep</span><span>, May 25, 2022</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item"><span class="js-work-more-abstract-truncated">2 Auberle 3 Allegheny County 4 Introduction: Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system ...</span><a class="js-work-more-abstract" data-broccoli-component="work_strip.more_abstract" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-more-abstract" href="javascript:;"><span> more </span><span><i class="fa fa-caret-down"></i></span></a><span class="js-work-more-abstract-untruncated hidden">2 Auberle 3 Allegheny County 4 Introduction: Adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system demonstrate high rates of psychiatric disorders, suicidality, and trauma, all of which is associated with poor sleep. Poor sleep is common among adolescents and is associated with numerous adverse outcomes like inattention, school absenteeism, emotion dysregulation, and substance use, outcomes that are related to juvenile justice system involvement. Yet very little is known about the sleep of adolescents involved in the juvenile justice system. We conducted a medical chart review and survey of detained adolescents to describe the sleep patterns and problems among these youth. Methods: We reviewed a random sample (26%) of the medical charts of youth detained in a juvenile detention center (n=31) over four days in Summer 2021. We reviewed all medical encounters in the month prior to the date of chart review. Additionally, 13 youth completed the Patient Reported Outcome Measurement Information System Pediatric Sleep Disturbance Short Form (PROMIS-SD). Twelve of them reported their sleep patterns while in detention. Results: Sleep was mentioned in 23% of all medical encounters, 62% of which indicated poor sleep. Sleep treatment was documented in 24% of notes, all consisting of pharmacotherapy. A sleep diagnosis was documented on 37% of billing sheets of all youth seen by a medical provider in the detention center in July 2021. On average, participants reported lights out around 9pm (SD=35min), sleep onset latency of 74mins (SD=75mins), wake time after sleep onset of ~20 minutes (SD=16mins), and wake-up time of 7:50am (SD=67min). Youth reported average sleep duration of more than 9 hours while detained (SD=103mins). Average PROMIS-SD score was 66.2 (range 51.5-79.1) Conclusion: Though most youth obtain the recommended amount of sleep while detained, sleep disturbance is highly common among this population and average sleep disturbance is more than one standard deviation above the average. These data may inform the type of sleep interventions that are most relevant to detained youth. Future work should focus on further examining the sleep of adolescents in the juvenile justice system and identifying feasible, acceptable, and useful strategies for implementing evidence-based sleep interventions in this setting.</span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--actions"><span class="work-strip-bookmark-button-container"></span><a id="8472d7a2f5e4a97cf45ff666837ef09f" class="wp-workCard--action" rel="nofollow" data-click-track="profile-work-strip-download" data-download="{"attachment_id":111560275,"asset_id":115033774,"asset_type":"Work","button_location":"profile"}" href="https://www.academia.edu/attachments/111560275/download_file?s=profile"><span><i class="fa fa-arrow-down"></i></span><span>Download</span></a><span class="wp-workCard--action visible-if-viewed-by-owner inline-block" style="display: none;"><span class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper profile-work-strip-edit-button-wrapper" data-work-id="115033774"><a class="js-profile-work-strip-edit-button" tabindex="0"><span><i class="fa fa-pencil"></i></span><span>Edit</span></a></span></span></div><div class="wp-workCard_item wp-workCard--stats"><span><span><span class="js-view-count view-count u-mr2x" data-work-id="115033774"><i class="fa fa-spinner fa-spin"></i></span><script>$(function () { var workId = 115033774; 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