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data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">Urban/contemporary gospel</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Stylistic origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_black_gospel" title="Traditional black gospel">Traditional black gospel</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Cultural origins</th><td class="infobox-data hlist">Late 20th century, African-Americans</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Typical instruments</th><td class="infobox-data hlist"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Guitar</li><li>bass</li><li>drums</li><li>piano</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Subgenres</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data hlist"><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian hip hop</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Urban/contemporary gospel</b>, also known as <b>urban gospel music</b>, <b>urban gospel pop</b>, or just simply <b>urban gospel</b>, is a modern subgenre of <a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">gospel music</a>. Although the style developed gradually, early forms are generally dated to the 1970s, and the genre was well established by the end of the 1980s. The <a href="/wiki/Radio_format" title="Radio format">radio format</a> is pitched primarily to African-Americans. <a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian hip hop</a> can be considered a subtype of this genre. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_and_development">Origins and development</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins and development"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Protestant hymns and African-American <a href="/wiki/Spiritual_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spiritual (music)">spirituals</a> make up the basic source material for <a href="/wiki/Traditional_black_gospel" title="Traditional black gospel">traditional black gospel</a> music, which in turn is the most significant source of urban/contemporary gospel. Urban/contemporary gospel has kept the spiritual focus of the traditional black gospel music, but uses modern musical forms. </p><p>Urban/contemporary gospel derives primarily from traditional black gospel music, with strong influence from, and strong influence on, many forms of secular pop music. Due to strong racial divisions in 20th century American culture, urban/contemporary gospel developed specifically out of the African-American musical traditions.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The equivalent music from white American culture is <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">contemporary Christian music</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although the racial lines have blurred in some areas, particularly with urban musical styles, these divisions are still evident in the industry.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Color_line_(civil_rights_issue)" class="mw-redirect" title="Color line (civil rights issue)">color line</a> divides artists with extremely similar musical styles on the basis of their race, and unites artists with divergent styles (such as <a href="/wiki/Rap" class="mw-redirect" title="Rap">rap</a> and pop) on the same basis in industry reporting, marketing choices, and awards like the Grammy and Dove awards.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s–1970s"><span id="1960s.E2.80.931970s"></span>1960s–1970s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: 1960s–1970s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>During the 1960s and 1970s and 1980s, hit songs like <a href="/wiki/The_Clark_Sisters" title="The Clark Sisters">The Clark Sisters</a>' "<a href="/wiki/You_Brought_the_Sunshine" title="You Brought the Sunshine">You Brought the Sunshine</a>" <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hawkins" title="Edwin Hawkins">Edwin Hawkins</a>' "<a href="/wiki/Oh_Happy_Day" title="Oh Happy Day">Oh Happy Day</a>" and <a href="/wiki/Andrae_Crouch" class="mw-redirect" title="Andrae Crouch">Andrae Crouch</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/Take_Me_Back_(Andrae_Crouch_album)" class="mw-redirect" title="Take Me Back (Andrae Crouch album)">Take Me Back</a>" were significant milestones in the development of urban/contemporary gospel music. <a href="/wiki/Edwin_Hawkins" title="Edwin Hawkins">Edwin Hawkins</a> is called the "godfather of contemporary gospel"<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and <a href="/wiki/Twinkie_Clark" title="Twinkie Clark">Twinkie Clark</a> is called the "Mother Of Contemporary Gospel". </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1980s–1990s"><span id="1980s.E2.80.931990s"></span>1980s–1990s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: 1980s–1990s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 1980s and 1990s, some gospel groups (such as <a href="/wiki/The_Rance_Allen_Group" title="The Rance Allen Group">The Rance Allen Group</a>) emerged by singing with elements of <a href="/wiki/Motown_sound" class="mw-redirect" title="Motown sound">Motown sound</a>, emulating quartets such as <a href="/wiki/The_Temptations" title="The Temptations">The Temptations</a> but still propagating biblical messages. The members of many such groups later established their own gospel music careers (but still returned for occasional reunions). For example, <a href="/wiki/Marvin_Sapp" title="Marvin Sapp">Marvin Sapp</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fred_Hammond" title="Fred Hammond">Fred Hammond</a> started out in the group <a href="/wiki/Commissioned_(gospel_group)" title="Commissioned (gospel group)">Commissioned</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other groups and individual artists such as Hezekiah Walker took gospel congregational songs from the 1950s and 1960s and adapted them to a more upbeat feel similar to '80s and '90s pop. Examples of this include "99 ½" by <a href="/wiki/Hezekiah_Walker" title="Hezekiah Walker">Hezekiah Walker and the Love Fellowship Crusade Choir</a>. </p><p>Many artists who began in the 1960s and 1970s (like the aforementioned Andrae Crouch and The Clark Sisters) also continued to release influential songs and albums in this period. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2000s–2010s"><span id="2000s.E2.80.932010s"></span>2000s–2010s</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: 2000s–2010s"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the 2000s, many gospel artists from the previous two decades began establishing records and gaining established places in the gospel music canon, as recognized by annual <a href="/wiki/WOW_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="WOW Gospel">WOW Gospel</a> albums (after beginning in the late 1990s). They were accompanied by younger gospel artists/groups like <a href="/wiki/Mary_Mary" title="Mary Mary">Mary Mary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sheri_Jones-Moffett" title="Sheri Jones-Moffett">Sheri Jones-Moffett</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brian_Courtney_Wilson" title="Brian Courtney Wilson">Brian Courtney Wilson</a>, who leaned the genre towards hip-hop, funk and '90s R&B, respectively. </p><p>Groups like <a href="/wiki/Tye_Tribbett_%26_G.A." class="mw-redirect" title="Tye Tribbett & G.A.">Tye Tribbett & G.A.</a> and <a href="/wiki/Myron_Butler" title="Myron Butler">Myron Butler</a> & <a href="/wiki/Myron_Butler_%26_Levi" title="Myron Butler & Levi">Levi</a> released songs with more complicated instrumental riffs and melodies that hint at a contemporary jazz influence (though some say it goes the other way around).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Gospel artists had collaborated with secular artists in the past, but in the 2000s and 2010s, this became far more pronounced. Kirk Franklin is widely known for this, working with Kanye West on his gospel album, <i><a href="/wiki/Jesus_Is_King" title="Jesus Is King">Jesus Is King</a></i>, and with <a href="/wiki/Lil_Baby" title="Lil Baby">Lil Baby</a> on the song "We Win" for the movie <i><a href="/wiki/Space_Jam:_A_New_Legacy" title="Space Jam: A New Legacy">Space Jam: A New Legacy</a></i>. Franklin also sung with <a href="/wiki/Stevie_Wonder" title="Stevie Wonder">Stevie Wonder</a> on "Why" in the former's 2005 album, <i><a href="/wiki/Hero_(Kirk_Franklin_album)" title="Hero (Kirk Franklin album)">Hero</a></i>. Rance Allen sung with Snoop Dogg on the song "Blessing Me Again" in 2018. </p><p>Eventually, secular artists began releasing gospel albums full of such collaborations. Examples include PJ Morton’s 2020 album <i><a href="/wiki/Gospel_According_to_PJ:_From_the_Songbook_of_PJ_Morton" title="Gospel According to PJ: From the Songbook of PJ Morton">Gospel According to PJ</a></i> and Snoop Dogg's 2018 album <i><a href="/wiki/Bible_of_Love" title="Bible of Love">Bible of Love</a></i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Criticism">Criticism</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Criticism"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like most forms of Christian music in the last two centuries, artists have been criticized by Christians who see the new forms as too similar to secular music styles or insufficiently focused on traditional religious sentiments. Artists in the urban/contemporary styles have taken a variety of approaches to address these concerns from their fan bases.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Artists in this genre are expected to convey a committed Christian religious viewpoint and to treat their musical performances as a sacred service to God. In a distinctly Protestant-American touch, artists in this genre are expected to pray publicly, to "testify" about the artist's personal, emotion-driven conversion, and to make an effort to convert non-Christians to Christianity.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Urban_contemporary_gospel" title="Special:EditPage/Urban contemporary gospel">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">November 2015</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The secular version of this music is <a href="/wiki/Urban_contemporary" class="mw-redirect" title="Urban contemporary">urban contemporary</a> music, which is musically indistinguishable, but which takes non-religious subjects for its lyrical content. </p><p>Urban/contemporary gospel music is characterized by dominant vocals, usually performed by a soloist. Common instruments include drums, electric guitar, bass guitar, and keyboards.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The lyrics very often have an explicitly Christian nature, although "inspirational" songs feature lyrics that can be construed as secular in meaning. For example, a song about a father's love for his son may be interpreted as <a href="/wiki/God_the_Father" title="God the Father">God the Father</a>'s love for <a href="/wiki/God_the_Son" title="God the Son">God the Son</a>, or as a human father's love for his human child. This lyrical ambiguity echoes the double-voicedness of 19th century spirituals, and may have <a href="/wiki/Crossover_(music)" class="mw-redirect" title="Crossover (music)">musical crossover</a> appeal to the larger secular market.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Common themes include hope, deliverance, love, and healing.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In comparison with traditional hymns, which are generally of a statelier measure, gospel songs are expected to have a <a href="/wiki/Refrain" title="Refrain">refrain</a> and a pronounced beat with a <a href="/wiki/Syncopated_rhythm" class="mw-redirect" title="Syncopated rhythm">syncopated rhythm</a>. Compared to modern <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">praise and worship</a> music, urban/contemporary gospel typically has a faster <a href="/wiki/Tempo" title="Tempo">tempo</a> and more emphasis on the performer. Like <a href="/wiki/Traditional_black_gospel" title="Traditional black gospel">traditional black gospel</a> music, the performer's emotional connection to the audience and the lyrical content of the song is valued highly. </p><p>The genre includes <a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian hip hop</a> (sometimes called "Christian rap"), which has lyrics with Christian ideals and themes. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influences">Influences</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Influences"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rock & roll, country and rhythm & blues were influenced by traditional black gospel music, and these forms, as well as <a href="/wiki/Disco" title="Disco">disco</a>, <a href="/wiki/Funk" title="Funk">funk</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jazz" title="Jazz">jazz</a> and many secular genres, influenced urban/contemporary gospel music. </p><p>Perhaps the most significant musical influences on urban/contemporary gospel are <a href="/wiki/Hip_hop_music" title="Hip hop music">hip hop</a> and <a href="/wiki/Contemporary_R%26B" title="Contemporary R&B">R&B</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like contemporary gospel, R&B developed from traditional black gospel music.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul music</a> and <a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a> are also significant influences on contemporary gospel. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sales_and_marketing">Sales and marketing</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sales and marketing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The gospel market is smaller than the secular market, but popular artists have sold millions of units. The radio stations that program UC Gospel, primarily in the Southern and Southeastern US serve a fiercely loyal core of listeners from all age groups and income demographics in the African-American communities. </p><p>Compared to traditional black music, whose sales are steady, urban/contemporary sales are rising, as a result of more significant marketing efforts.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Labels">Labels</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Labels"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GospoCentric" class="mw-redirect" title="GospoCentric">GospoCentric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verity_Records" title="Verity Records">Verity Records</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gospel_musicians" title="List of gospel musicians">List of gospel musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Urban_contemporary_gospel_musicians" title="Category:Urban contemporary gospel musicians">Category:Urban contemporary gospel musicians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_R%26B" title="Christian R&B">Christian R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soul_music" title="Soul music">Soul music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_Music_Hall_of_Fame" title="Gospel Music Hall of Fame">Gospel Music Hall of Fame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stellar_Awards" title="Stellar Awards">Stellar Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_black_gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="British black gospel">British black gospel</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Urban_contemporary_gospel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:0-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBream1991" class="citation news cs1">Bream, Jon (October 27, 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.chicagotribune.com/1991/10/27/divided-loyalties-4/">"Divided Loyalties: Charts Split Gospel Music into Separate Camps"</a>. <i>Chicago Tribune</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Chicago+Tribune&rft.atitle=Divided+Loyalties%3A+Charts+Split+Gospel+Music+into+Separate+Camps.&rft.date=1991-10-27&rft.aulast=Bream&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.chicagotribune.com%2F1991%2F10%2F27%2Fdivided-loyalties-4%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBurdick2009" class="citation journal cs1">Burdick, John Samuel (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/title/8081228013">"Collective Identity and Racial Thought in São Paulo's Black Gospel Music Scene"</a>. <i>Music & Arts in Action</i>. <b>1</b> (2): 16–29 – via WorldCat.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Music+%26+Arts+in+Action&rft.atitle=Collective+Identity+and+Racial+Thought+in+S%C3%A3o+Paulo%E2%80%99s+Black+Gospel+Music+Scene&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=16-29&rft.date=2009&rft.aulast=Burdick&rft.aufirst=John+Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsearch.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F8081228013&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:1_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Waldron, Clarence (August 14, 2006). "Old School or New School, Gospel Music is Everlasting". Jet: 54–58. ISSN 0021-5996.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UInS1Knjyzk"><i>#VERZUZ Presents: The Healing - Kirk Franklin vs Fred Hammond</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=%23VERZUZ+Presents%3A+The+Healing+-+Kirk+Franklin+vs+Fred+Hammond&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DUInS1Knjyzk&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kJ20nm_g3Uc"><i>What Makes Black Gospel Musicians So Skilled? (feat. Donald Lawrence and Tye Tribbett)</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">November 10,</span> 2021</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=What+Makes+Black+Gospel+Musicians+So+Skilled%3F+%28feat.+Donald+Lawrence+and+Tye+Tribbett%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3DkJ20nm_g3Uc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:2-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDarden2004" class="citation book cs1">Darden, Robert (2004). <i>People Get Ready! A New History of Black Gospel Music</i>. New York, NY: Continuum. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780826414366" title="Special:BookSources/9780826414366"><bdi>9780826414366</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=People+Get+Ready%21+A+New+History+of+Black+Gospel+Music&rft.place=New+York%2C+NY&rft.pub=Continuum&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780826414366&rft.aulast=Darden&rft.aufirst=Robert&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnson2008" class="citation book cs1">Johnson, Barry (April 8, 2008). <i>A Change is Gonna' Come: The Transformation of a Traditional to a Contemporary Worship Celebration</i>. AuthorHouse. p. 86. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1425944744" title="Special:BookSources/1425944744"><bdi>1425944744</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Change+is+Gonna%27+Come%3A+The+Transformation+of+a+Traditional+to+a+Contemporary+Worship+Celebration&rft.pages=86&rft.pub=AuthorHouse&rft.date=2008-04-08&rft.isbn=1425944744&rft.aulast=Johnson&rft.aufirst=Barry&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AUrban+contemporary+gospel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: date and year (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_date_and_year" title="Category:CS1 maint: date and year">link</a>)</span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link 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a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Christian_music" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_music" title="Template:Christian music"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_music" title="Template talk:Christian music"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian music"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_music" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_music" title="Christian music">Christian music</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Roots and beginnings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Homophony" title="Homophony">Homophony</a> vs. <a href="/wiki/Polyphony#European_polyphony" title="Polyphony">Polyphony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chorale" title="Chorale">Chorale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn" title="Hymn">Hymn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymn_tune#The_Reformation" title="Hymn tune">Hymn tune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hymnody_of_continental_Europe" title="Hymnody of continental Europe">Hymnody of continental Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exclusive_psalmody" title="Exclusive psalmody">Exclusive psalmody</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jesus_music" title="Jesus music">Jesus music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacred_Harp" title="Sacred Harp">Sacred Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shape_note" title="Shape note">Shape note</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spirituals" title="Spirituals">Spirituals</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/75px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="123" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/113px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg/150px-ChristianitySymbolWhite.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="162" data-file-height="266" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Modern genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_adult_contemporary" title="Christian adult contemporary">Christian adult contemporary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_Christian_music" title="Contemporary Christian music">Contemporary Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contemporary_worship_music" title="Contemporary worship music">Contemporary worship music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_music" title="Gospel music">Gospel music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neues_Geistliches_Lied" title="Neues Geistliches Lied">Neues Geistliches Lied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_(music)" title="Mass (music)">Mass (music)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fusion genres</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_country_music" title="Christian country music">Christian country music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_electronic_dance_music" title="Christian electronic dance music">Christian electronic dance music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hip_hop" title="Christian hip hop">Christian hip hop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_R%26B" title="Christian R&B">Christian R&B</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_rock" title="Christian rock">Christian rock</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_alternative_rock" title="Christian alternative rock">Christian alternative rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_metal" title="Christian metal">Christian metal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unblack_metal" title="Unblack metal">Unblack metal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_punk" title="Christian punk">Christian punk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_hardcore" title="Christian hardcore">Christian hardcore</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_ska" title="Christian ska">Christian ska</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_blues" title="Gospel blues">Gospel blues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gospel_reggae" title="Gospel reggae">Gospel reggae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latin_Christian_music" title="Latin Christian music">Latin Christian music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_gospel" title="Southern gospel">Southern gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Gospel_music" title="Black Gospel music">Black Gospel music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Traditional_black_gospel" title="Traditional black gospel">Traditional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Urban contemporary gospel</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Chant" title="Template:Chant"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Chant" title="Template talk:Chant"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Chant" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Chant"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Christian_liturgical_chant" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Christian_liturgy" title="Christian liturgy">Christian liturgical</a> <a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">chant</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_chant" title="Armenian chant">Armenian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_music" title="Coptic music">Coptic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_chant" title="Ethiopian chant">Ethiopian and Eritrean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician_chant" title="Galician chant">Galician</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Obikhod" title="Obikhod">Obikhod</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kievan_chant" title="Kievan chant">Kievan</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostopinije" title="Prostopinije">Prostopinije</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syrian_chant" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrian chant">Syrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Znamenny_chant" title="Znamenny chant">Znamenny</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Latin_Church" title="Latin Church">Western</a><br />(<a href="/wiki/Plainsong" title="Plainsong">Plainsong</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ambrosian_chant" title="Ambrosian chant">Ambrosian</a> (Milanese)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_chant" title="Anglican chant">Anglican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beneventan_chant" title="Beneventan chant">Beneventan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Celtic_chant" title="Celtic chant">Celtic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallican_chant" title="Gallican chant">Gallican</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gelineau_psalmody" title="Gelineau psalmody">Gelineau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mozarabic_chant" title="Mozarabic chant">Mozarabic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_Roman_chant" title="Old Roman chant">Old Roman</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ravenna_chant&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ravenna chant (page does not exist)">Ravenna</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Anglican_church_composers" title="List of Anglican church composers">Anglican church composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_bands_and_artists_by_genre" title="List of Christian bands and artists by genre">Christian bands and artists by genre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_country_artists" title="List of Christian country artists">Christian country artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_hardcore_bands" title="List of Christian hardcore bands">Christian hardcore bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_rock_bands" title="List of Christian rock bands">Christian rock bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_metal_artists" title="List of Christian metal artists">Christian metal artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_hip_hop_artists" title="List of Christian hip hop artists">Christian hip hop artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_punk_bands" title="List of Christian punk bands">Christian punk bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_ska_bands" title="List of Christian ska bands">Christian ska bands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_record_labels" title="List of Christian record labels">Christian record labels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_vocal_artists" title="List of Christian vocal artists">Christian vocal artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_worship_music_artists" title="List of Christian worship music artists">Christian worship music artists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_gospel_musicians" title="List of gospel musicians">Gospel musicians</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_church_music" title="Anglican church music">Anglican church music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_media" title="Christian 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