CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en-US" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns# fb: http://ogp.me/ns/fb#"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11"> <title>Commentaries Archive | Shorenstein Center</title> <meta name='robots' content='max-image-preview:large' />  <link rel="canonical" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/" /> <link rel="next" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/page/2/" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="object" /> <meta property="og:title" content="Commentaries Archive | Shorenstein Center" /> <meta property="og:url" content="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Shorenstein Center" /> <meta property="og:image" content="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/shorenstein-logo-red-background.png" /> <meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/shorenstein-logo-red-background.png" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:title" content="Commentaries Archive | Shorenstein Center" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@ShorensteinCTR" /> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/shorenstein-logo-red-background.png" /> <script type='application/ld+json'>{"@context":"http:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebSite","@id":"#website","url":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/","name":"Shorenstein Center","potentialAction":{"@type":"SearchAction","target":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/?s={search_term_string}","query-input":"required name=search_term_string"}}</script>  <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//shorensteincenter.org' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//static.addtoany.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Shorenstein Center » Feed" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Shorenstein Center » Comments Feed" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/comments/feed/" /> <link rel="alternate" type="text/calendar" title="Shorenstein Center » iCal Feed" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/events/?ical=1" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Shorenstein Center » Commentaries Feed" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/feed/" />  <script src="//www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-1G6PREPK9E" data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" async></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false"> var mi_version = '9.2.2'; var mi_track_user = true; var mi_no_track_reason = ''; var MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations = {"page_location":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/commentary\/"}; if ( typeof MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter === 'function' ) { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery ) : MonsterInsightsPrivacyGuardFilter( MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations ); } else { var MonsterInsightsLocations = (typeof MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery === 'object') ? MonsterInsightsExcludeQuery : MonsterInsightsDefaultLocations; } var disableStrs = [ 'ga-disable-G-1G6PREPK9E', ]; /* Function to detect opted out users */ function __gtagTrackerIsOptedOut() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { if (document.cookie.indexOf(disableStrs[index] + '=true') > -1) { return true; } } return false; } /* Disable tracking if the opt-out cookie exists. */ if (__gtagTrackerIsOptedOut()) { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } /* Opt-out function */ function __gtagTrackerOptout() { for (var index = 0; index < disableStrs.length; index++) { document.cookie = disableStrs[index] + '=true; expires=Thu, 31 Dec 2099 23:59:59 UTC; path=/'; window[disableStrs[index]] = true; } } if ('undefined' === typeof gaOptout) { function gaOptout() { __gtagTrackerOptout(); } } window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.MonsterInsightsDualTracker = { helpers: {}, trackers: {}, }; if (mi_track_user) { function __gtagDataLayer() { dataLayer.push(arguments); } function __gtagTracker(type, name, parameters) { if (!parameters) { parameters = {}; } if (parameters.send_to) { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); return; } if (type === 'event') { parameters.send_to = monsterinsights_frontend.v4_id; var hookName = name; if (typeof parameters['event_category'] !== 'undefined') { hookName = parameters['event_category'] + ':' + name; } if (typeof MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName] !== 'undefined') { MonsterInsightsDualTracker.trackers[hookName](parameters); } else { __gtagDataLayer('event', name, parameters); } } else { __gtagDataLayer.apply(null, arguments); } } __gtagTracker('js', new Date()); __gtagTracker('set', { 'developer_id.dZGIzZG': true, }); if ( MonsterInsightsLocations.page_location ) { __gtagTracker('set', MonsterInsightsLocations); } __gtagTracker('config', 'G-1G6PREPK9E', {"forceSSL":"true"} ); window.gtag = __gtagTracker; (function () { /* https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/analyticsjs/ */ /* ga and __gaTracker compatibility shim. */ var noopfn = function () { return null; }; var newtracker = function () { return new Tracker(); }; var Tracker = function () { return null; }; var p = Tracker.prototype; p.get = noopfn; p.set = noopfn; p.send = function () { var args = Array.prototype.slice.call(arguments); args.unshift('send'); __gaTracker.apply(null, args); }; var __gaTracker = function () { var len = arguments.length; if (len === 0) { return; } var f = arguments[len - 1]; if (typeof f !== 'object' || f === null || typeof f.hitCallback !== 'function') { if ('send' === arguments[0]) { var hitConverted, hitObject = false, action; if ('event' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[3]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': arguments[3], 'eventCategory': arguments[2], 'eventLabel': arguments[4], 'value': arguments[5] ? arguments[5] : 1, } } } if ('pageview' === arguments[1]) { if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[2]) { hitObject = { 'eventAction': 'page_view', 'page_path': arguments[2], } } } if (typeof arguments[2] === 'object') { hitObject = arguments[2]; } if (typeof arguments[5] === 'object') { Object.assign(hitObject, arguments[5]); } if ('undefined' !== typeof arguments[1].hitType) { hitObject = arguments[1]; if ('pageview' === hitObject.hitType) { hitObject.eventAction = 'page_view'; } } if (hitObject) { action = 'timing' === arguments[1].hitType ? 'timing_complete' : hitObject.eventAction; hitConverted = mapArgs(hitObject); __gtagTracker('event', action, hitConverted); } } return; } function mapArgs(args) { var arg, hit = {}; var gaMap = { 'eventCategory': 'event_category', 'eventAction': 'event_action', 'eventLabel': 'event_label', 'eventValue': 'event_value', 'nonInteraction': 'non_interaction', 'timingCategory': 'event_category', 'timingVar': 'name', 'timingValue': 'value', 'timingLabel': 'event_label', 'page': 'page_path', 'location': 'page_location', 'title': 'page_title', 'referrer' : 'page_referrer', }; for (arg in args) { if (!(!args.hasOwnProperty(arg) || !gaMap.hasOwnProperty(arg))) { hit[gaMap[arg]] = args[arg]; } else { hit[arg] = args[arg]; } } return hit; } try { f.hitCallback(); } catch (ex) { } }; __gaTracker.create = newtracker; __gaTracker.getByName = newtracker; __gaTracker.getAll = function () { return []; }; __gaTracker.remove = noopfn; __gaTracker.loaded = true; window['__gaTracker'] = __gaTracker; })(); } else { console.log(""); (function () { function __gtagTracker() { return null; } window['__gtagTracker'] = __gtagTracker; window['gtag'] = __gtagTracker; })(); } </script>  <script> window._wpemojiSettings = {"baseUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/72x72\/","ext":".png","svgUrl":"https:\/\/s.w.org\/images\/core\/emoji\/15.0.3\/svg\/","svgExt":".svg","source":{"concatemoji":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-includes\/js\/wp-emoji-release.min.js?ver=6.7"}}; /*! This file is auto-generated */ !function(i,n){var o,s,e;function c(e){try{var t={supportTests:e,timestamp:(new Date).valueOf()};sessionStorage.setItem(o,JSON.stringify(t))}catch(e){}}function p(e,t,n){e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(t,0,0);var t=new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data),r=(e.clearRect(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height),e.fillText(n,0,0),new Uint32Array(e.getImageData(0,0,e.canvas.width,e.canvas.height).data));return t.every(function(e,t){return e===r[t]})}function u(e,t,n){switch(t){case"flag":return n(e,"\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200d\u26a7\ufe0f","\ud83c\udff3\ufe0f\u200b\u26a7\ufe0f")?!1:!n(e,"\ud83c\uddfa\ud83c\uddf3","\ud83c\uddfa\u200b\ud83c\uddf3")&&!n(e,"\ud83c\udff4\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc62\udb40\udc65\udb40\udc6e\udb40\udc67\udb40\udc7f","\ud83c\udff4\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc62\u200b\udb40\udc65\u200b\udb40\udc6e\u200b\udb40\udc67\u200b\udb40\udc7f");case"emoji":return!n(e,"\ud83d\udc26\u200d\u2b1b","\ud83d\udc26\u200b\u2b1b")}return!1}function f(e,t,n){var r="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope?new OffscreenCanvas(300,150):i.createElement("canvas"),a=r.getContext("2d",{willReadFrequently:!0}),o=(a.textBaseline="top",a.font="600 32px Arial",{});return e.forEach(function(e){o[e]=t(a,e,n)}),o}function t(e){var t=i.createElement("script");t.src=e,t.defer=!0,i.head.appendChild(t)}"undefined"!=typeof Promise&&(o="wpEmojiSettingsSupports",s=["flag","emoji"],n.supports={everything:!0,everythingExceptFlag:!0},e=new Promise(function(e){i.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",e,{once:!0})}),new Promise(function(t){var n=function(){try{var e=JSON.parse(sessionStorage.getItem(o));if("object"==typeof e&&"number"==typeof e.timestamp&&(new Date).valueOf()<e.timestamp+604800&&"object"==typeof e.supportTests)return e.supportTests}catch(e){}return null}();if(!n){if("undefined"!=typeof Worker&&"undefined"!=typeof OffscreenCanvas&&"undefined"!=typeof URL&&URL.createObjectURL&&"undefined"!=typeof Blob)try{var e="postMessage("+f.toString()+"("+[JSON.stringify(s),u.toString(),p.toString()].join(",")+"));",r=new Blob([e],{type:"text/javascript"}),a=new Worker(URL.createObjectURL(r),{name:"wpTestEmojiSupports"});return void(a.onmessage=function(e){c(n=e.data),a.terminate(),t(n)})}catch(e){}c(n=f(s,u,p))}t(n)}).then(function(e){for(var t in e)n.supports[t]=e[t],n.supports.everything=n.supports.everything&&n.supports[t],"flag"!==t&&(n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&n.supports[t]);n.supports.everythingExceptFlag=n.supports.everythingExceptFlag&&!n.supports.flag,n.DOMReady=!1,n.readyCallback=function(){n.DOMReady=!0}}).then(function(){return e}).then(function(){var e;n.supports.everything||(n.readyCallback(),(e=n.source||{}).concatemoji?t(e.concatemoji):e.wpemoji&&e.twemoji&&(t(e.twemoji),t(e.wpemoji)))}))}((window,document),window._wpemojiSettings); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css?ver=6.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-theme-css-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/css/minified/frontend.min.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-theme-css-inline-css'> .ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: calc( -50vw + 50%);margin-right: calc( -50vw + 50%);max-width: 100vw;width: 100vw;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: calc(-41vw + 50%);margin-right: calc(-41vw + 50%);max-width: unset;width: unset;}.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .alignwide,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide{width: 100%;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.wp-block-gallery,.blocks-gallery-grid {margin: 0;}.wp-block-separator {max-width: 100px;}.wp-block-separator.is-style-wide,.wp-block-separator.is-style-dots {max-width: none;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 10px;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 10px;}@media (max-width: 782px) {.entry-content .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column {flex-basis: 100%;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:first-child {padding-right: 0;}.entry-content .has-2-columns .wp-block-column:last-child {padding-left: 0;}}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}body .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts li {list-style: none;}.ast-no-sidebar .ast-container .entry-content .wp-block-latest-posts {margin-left: 0;}.ast-header-break-point .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;}.entry-content .blocks-gallery-item img {margin-bottom: auto;}.wp-block-pullquote {border-top: 4px solid #555d66;border-bottom: 4px solid #555d66;color: #40464d;}:root{--ast-post-nav-space:0;--ast-container-default-xlg-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-lg-padding:5.67em;--ast-container-default-slg-padding:4.34em;--ast-container-default-md-padding:3.34em;--ast-container-default-sm-padding:6.67em;--ast-container-default-xs-padding:2.4em;--ast-container-default-xxs-padding:1.4em;--ast-code-block-background:#EEEEEE;--ast-comment-inputs-background:#FAFAFA;--ast-normal-container-width:1300px;--ast-narrow-container-width:750px;--ast-blog-title-font-weight:normal;--ast-blog-meta-weight:inherit;}html{font-size:100%;}a,.page-title{color:#a71930;}a:hover,a:focus{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}body,button,input,select,textarea,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button{font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Oxygen-Sans,Ubuntu,Cantarell,Helvetica Neue,sans-serif;font-weight:inherit;font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:var(--ast-body-line-height,1.5em);}blockquote{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}p,.entry-content p{margin-bottom:1.4em;}.site-title{font-size:35px;font-size:2.1875rem;display:none;}.site-header .site-description{font-size:15px;font-size:0.9375rem;display:none;}.entry-title{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;}.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner,.archive .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover,.blog .ast-article-post .ast-article-inner:hover{overflow:hidden;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:40px;font-size:2.5rem;line-height:1.4em;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:32px;font-size:2rem;line-height:1.3em;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:26px;font-size:1.625rem;line-height:1.3em;}h4,.entry-content h4{font-size:24px;font-size:1.5rem;line-height:1.2em;}h5,.entry-content h5{font-size:20px;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.2em;}h6,.entry-content h6{font-size:16px;font-size:1rem;line-height:1.25em;}::selection{background-color:#a71930;color:#ffffff;}body,h1,.entry-title a,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.tagcloud a:hover,.tagcloud a:focus,.tagcloud a.current-item{color:#ffffff;border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,textarea:focus{border-color:#a71930;}input[type="radio"]:checked,input[type=reset],input[type="checkbox"]:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:hover:checked,input[type="checkbox"]:focus:checked,input[type=range]::-webkit-slider-thumb{border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;box-shadow:none;}.site-footer a:hover + .post-count,.site-footer a:focus + .post-count{background:#a71930;border-color:#a71930;}.single .nav-links .nav-previous,.single .nav-links .nav-next{color:#a71930;}.entry-meta,.entry-meta *{line-height:1.45;color:#a71930;}.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):hover *,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus,.entry-meta a:not(.ast-button):focus *,.page-links > .page-link,.page-links .page-link:hover,.post-navigation a:hover{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}#cat option,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a,.secondary .calendar_wrap thead a:visited{color:#a71930;}.secondary .calendar_wrap #today,.ast-progress-val span{background:#a71930;}.secondary a:hover + .post-count,.secondary a:focus + .post-count{background:#a71930;border-color:#a71930;}.calendar_wrap #today > a{color:#ffffff;}.page-links .page-link,.single .post-navigation a{color:#a71930;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form button.search-submit{padding:0 4px;}.ast-search-menu-icon form.search-form{padding-right:0;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field{width:0;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field:focus{transition:all 0.2s;}.search-form input.search-field:focus{outline:none;}.widget-title,.widget .wp-block-heading{font-size:22px;font-size:1.375rem;color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search a:focus-visible:focus-visible,.astra-search-icon:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,a:focus-visible,.ast-menu-toggle:focus-visible,.site .skip-link:focus-visible,.wp-block-loginout input:focus-visible,.wp-block-search.wp-block-search__button-inside .wp-block-search__inside-wrapper,.ast-header-navigation-arrow:focus-visible,.woocommerce .wc-proceed-to-checkout > .checkout-button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-navigation ul li a:focus-visible,.ast-orders-table__row .ast-orders-table__cell:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-order-details .order-again > .button:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-message a.button.wc-forward:focus-visible,.woocommerce #minus_qty:focus-visible,.woocommerce #plus_qty:focus-visible,a#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce .woocommerce-info a:focus-visible,.woocommerce .astra-shop-summary-wrap a:focus-visible,.woocommerce a.wc-forward:focus-visible,#ast-apply-coupon:focus-visible,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item a.remove:focus-visible,#close:focus-visible,.button.search-submit:focus-visible,#search_submit:focus,.normal-search:focus-visible,.ast-header-account-wrap:focus-visible,.woocommerce .ast-on-card-button.ast-quick-view-trigger:focus{outline-style:dotted;outline-color:inherit;outline-width:thin;}input:focus,input[type="text"]:focus,input[type="email"]:focus,input[type="url"]:focus,input[type="password"]:focus,input[type="reset"]:focus,input[type="search"]:focus,input[type="number"]:focus,textarea:focus,.wp-block-search__input:focus,[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal:focus,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close:focus,.woocommerce-ordering select.orderby:focus,#ast-scroll-top:focus,#coupon_code:focus,.woocommerce-page #comment:focus,.woocommerce #reviews #respond input#submit:focus,.woocommerce a.add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .button.single_add_to_cart_button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-cart-form__cart-item .quantity .qty:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-billing-fields .woocommerce-billing-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce #order_comments:focus,.woocommerce #place_order:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-address-fields .woocommerce-address-fields__field-wrapper .woocommerce-input-wrapper > .input-text:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content form button:focus,.woocommerce .woocommerce-MyAccount-content .woocommerce-EditAccountForm .woocommerce-form-row .woocommerce-Input.input-text:focus,.woocommerce .ast-woocommerce-container .woocommerce-pagination ul.page-numbers li a:focus,body #content .woocommerce form .form-row .select2-container--default .select2-selection--single:focus,#ast-coupon-code:focus,.woocommerce.woocommerce-js .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce-js .woocommerce-mini-cart-item .quantity input[type=number]:focus,.woocommerce p#ast-coupon-trigger:focus{border-style:dotted;border-color:inherit;border-width:thin;}input{outline:none;}.site-logo-img img{ transition:all 0.2s linear;}body .ast-oembed-container *{position:absolute;top:0;width:100%;height:100%;left:0;}body .wp-block-embed-pocket-casts .ast-oembed-container *{position:unset;}.ast-single-post-featured-section + article {margin-top: 2em;}.site-content .ast-single-post-featured-section img {width: 100%;overflow: hidden;object-fit: cover;}.site > .ast-single-related-posts-container {margin-top: 0;}@media (min-width: 922px) {.ast-desktop .ast-container--narrow {max-width: var(--ast-narrow-container-width);margin: 0 auto;}}.ast-page-builder-template .hentry {margin: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template .site-content > .ast-container {max-width: 100%;padding: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template .site .site-content #primary {padding: 0;margin: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template .no-results {text-align: center;margin: 4em auto;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-pagination {padding: 2em;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header.ast-no-title.ast-no-thumbnail {margin-top: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header.ast-header-without-markup {margin-top: 0;margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header.ast-no-title.ast-no-meta {margin-bottom: 0;}.ast-page-builder-template.single .post-navigation {padding-bottom: 2em;}.ast-page-builder-template.single-post .site-content > .ast-container {max-width: 100%;}.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header {margin-top: 4em;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}.single.ast-page-builder-template .entry-header {padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-archive-description {margin: 4em auto 0;padding-left: 20px;padding-right: 20px;}.ast-page-builder-template.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: 0;margin-right: 0;}@media (max-width:921.9px){#ast-desktop-header{display:none;}}@media (min-width:922px){#ast-mobile-header{display:none;}}.wp-block-buttons.aligncenter{justify-content:center;}@media (min-width:1200px){.wp-block-group .has-background{padding:20px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignwide .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.ast-plain-container.ast-no-sidebar .entry-content .alignfull .wp-block-cover__inner-container{width:1340px;}}@media (min-width:1200px){.wp-block-cover-image.alignwide .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.wp-block-cover.alignwide .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.wp-block-cover-image.alignfull .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.wp-block-cover.alignfull .wp-block-cover__inner-container{width:100%;}}.wp-block-columns{margin-bottom:unset;}.wp-block-image.size-full{margin:2rem 0;}.wp-block-separator.has-background{padding:0;}.wp-block-gallery{margin-bottom:1.6em;}.wp-block-group{padding-top:4em;padding-bottom:4em;}.wp-block-group__inner-container .wp-block-columns:last-child,.wp-block-group__inner-container :last-child,.wp-block-table table{margin-bottom:0;}.blocks-gallery-grid{width:100%;}.wp-block-navigation-link__content{padding:5px 0;}.wp-block-group .wp-block-group .has-text-align-center,.wp-block-group .wp-block-column .has-text-align-center{max-width:100%;}.has-text-align-center{margin:0 auto;}@media (min-width:1200px){.wp-block-cover__inner-container,.alignwide .wp-block-group__inner-container,.alignfull .wp-block-group__inner-container{max-width:1200px;margin:0 auto;}.wp-block-group.alignnone,.wp-block-group.aligncenter,.wp-block-group.alignleft,.wp-block-group.alignright,.wp-block-group.alignwide,.wp-block-columns.alignwide{margin:2rem 0 1rem 0;}}@media (max-width:1200px){.wp-block-group{padding:3em;}.wp-block-group .wp-block-group{padding:1.5em;}.wp-block-columns,.wp-block-column{margin:1rem 0;}}@media (min-width:921px){.wp-block-columns .wp-block-group{padding:2em;}}@media (max-width:544px){.wp-block-cover-image .wp-block-cover__inner-container,.wp-block-cover .wp-block-cover__inner-container{width:unset;}.wp-block-cover,.wp-block-cover-image{padding:2em 0;}.wp-block-group,.wp-block-cover{padding:2em;}.wp-block-media-text__media img,.wp-block-media-text__media video{width:unset;max-width:100%;}.wp-block-media-text.has-background .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:1em;}}.wp-block-image.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.wp-block-table.aligncenter{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}@media (min-width:544px){.entry-content .wp-block-media-text.has-media-on-the-right .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:0 8% 0 0;}.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:0 0 0 8%;}.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-bottom-left > *,.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-bottom-right > *,.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-top-left > *,.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-top-right > *,.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-center-right > *,.ast-plain-container .site-content .entry-content .has-custom-content-position.is-position-center-left > *{margin:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.entry-content .wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__content{padding:8% 0;}.wp-block-media-text .wp-block-media-text__media img{width:auto;max-width:100%;}}.wp-block-buttons .wp-block-button.is-style-outline .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button,.ast-outline-button,.wp-block-uagb-buttons-child .uagb-buttons-repeater.ast-outline-button{border-top-width:2px;border-right-width:2px;border-bottom-width:2px;border-left-width:2px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button.is-style-outline:not(.has-background),.wp-block-button.is-style-outline>.wp-block-button__link.wp-element-button:not(.has-background),.ast-outline-button{background-color:transparent;}.entry-content[data-ast-blocks-layout] > figure{margin-bottom:1em;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container #primary,.ast-separate-container #secondary{padding:1.5em 0;}#primary,#secondary{padding:1.5em 0;margin:0;}.ast-left-sidebar #content > .ast-container{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-author-box img.avatar{margin:20px 0 0 0;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container.ast-right-sidebar #primary,.ast-separate-container.ast-left-sidebar #primary{border:0;}.search-no-results.ast-separate-container #primary{margin-bottom:4em;}}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{border-style:solid;text-decoration:none;border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;}body .elementor-button.elementor-size-sm,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-xs,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-md,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-lg,body .elementor-button.elementor-size-xl,body .elementor-button{padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:hover,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link ,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button,.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button:visited{color:#ffffff;}.elementor-button-wrapper .elementor-button{line-height:1em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:hover,.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}.elementor-widget-heading h1.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.4em;}.elementor-widget-heading h2.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h3.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.3em;}.elementor-widget-heading h4.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h5.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.2em;}.elementor-widget-heading h6.elementor-heading-title{line-height:1.25em;}.wp-block-button .wp-block-button__link{border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;color:#ffffff;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;}.menu-toggle,button,.ast-button,.ast-custom-button,.button,input#submit,input[type="button"],input[type="submit"],input[type="reset"]{border-style:solid;border-top-width:0;border-right-width:0;border-left-width:0;border-bottom-width:0;color:#ffffff;border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;padding-top:10px;padding-right:40px;padding-bottom:10px;padding-left:40px;font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;line-height:1em;}button:focus,.menu-toggle:hover,button:hover,.ast-button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover .button:hover,.ast-custom-button:hover ,input[type=reset]:hover,input[type=reset]:focus,input#submit:hover,input#submit:focus,input[type="button"]:hover,input[type="button"]:focus,input[type="submit"]:hover,input[type="submit"]:focus{color:#ffffff;background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);border-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon{display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point.ast-header-custom-item-outside .ast-mobile-header-stack .main-header-bar .ast-search-icon{margin:0;}.ast-comment-avatar-wrap img{max-width:2.5em;}.ast-comment-meta{padding:0 1.8888em 1.3333em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list li.depth-1{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .comment-respond{padding:2em 2.14em;}}@media (min-width:544px){.ast-container{max-width:100%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single,.ast-separate-container .comments-title,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{padding:1.5em 1em;}.ast-separate-container #content .ast-container{padding-left:0.54em;padding-right:0.54em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-comment-list .bypostauthor{padding:.5em;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field{width:170px;}} #ast-mobile-header .ast-site-header-cart-li a{pointer-events:none;}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -6.67em;margin-right: -6.67em;width: auto;}@media (max-width: 1200px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -2.4em;margin-right: -2.4em;}}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -2.14em;margin-right: -2.14em;}}@media (max-width: 544px) {.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignfull {margin-left: -1em;margin-right: -1em;}}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .alignwide {margin-left: -20px;margin-right: -20px;}.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignfull,.ast-no-sidebar.ast-separate-container .entry-content .wp-block-column .alignwide {margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto;width: 100%;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-title{display:none;}.site-header .site-description{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1{font-size:30px;}h2,.entry-content h2{font-size:25px;}h3,.entry-content h3{font-size:20px;}}@media (max-width:921px){html{font-size:91.2%;}}@media (max-width:544px){html{font-size:91.2%;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-container{max-width:1340px;}}@font-face {font-family: "Astra";src: url(https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.woff) format("woff"),url(https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.ttf) format("truetype"),url(https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/fonts/astra.svg#astra) format("svg");font-weight: normal;font-style: normal;font-display: fallback;}.ast-blog-layout-6-grid .ast-blog-featured-section:before {content: "";}.cat-links.badge a,.tags-links.badge a {padding: 4px 8px;border-radius: 3px;font-weight: 400;}.cat-links.underline a,.tags-links.underline a{text-decoration: underline;}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu:hover > .sub-menu,.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.ast-left-align-sub-menu.focus > .sub-menu{margin-left:-0px;}}.site .comments-area{padding-bottom:3em;}.astra-icon-down_arrow::after {content: "\e900";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-close::after {content: "\e5cd";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-drag_handle::after {content: "\e25d";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-format_align_justify::after {content: "\e235";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-menu::after {content: "\e5d2";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-reorder::after {content: "\e8fe";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-search::after {content: "\e8b6";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-zoom_in::after {content: "\e56b";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-check-circle::after {content: "\e901";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-cart::after {content: "\f07a";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-bag::after {content: "\f290";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-shopping-basket::after {content: "\f291";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-circle-o::after {content: "\e903";font-family: Astra;}.astra-icon-certificate::after {content: "\e902";font-family: Astra;}blockquote {padding: 1.2em;}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-0);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-3);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-4);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-7);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-color{color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root .wp-block-button .has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-8);}:root{--ast-global-color-0:#0170B9;--ast-global-color-1:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-2:#3a3a3a;--ast-global-color-3:#4B4F58;--ast-global-color-4:#F5F5F5;--ast-global-color-5:#FFFFFF;--ast-global-color-6:#E5E5E5;--ast-global-color-7:#424242;--ast-global-color-8:#000000;}:root {--ast-border-color : #dddddd;}.ast-archive-entry-banner {-js-display: flex;display: flex;flex-direction: column;justify-content: center;text-align: center;position: relative;background: #eeeeee;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-width-type="custom"] {margin: 0 auto;width: 100%;}.ast-archive-entry-banner[data-banner-layout="layout-1"] {background: inherit;padding: 20px 0;text-align: left;}body.archive .ast-archive-description{max-width:1300px;width:100%;text-align:left;padding-top:3em;padding-right:3em;padding-bottom:3em;padding-left:3em;}body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title,body.archive .ast-archive-description .ast-archive-title *{font-size:40px;font-size:2.5rem;}body.archive .ast-archive-description > *:not(:last-child){margin-bottom:10px;}@media (max-width:921px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}@media (max-width:544px){body.archive .ast-archive-description{text-align:left;}}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items,.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items li{display:inline-block;margin:0;padding:0;border:none;background:inherit;text-indent:0;text-decoration:none;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-browse{font-size:inherit;font-style:inherit;font-weight:inherit;color:inherit;}.ast-breadcrumbs .trail-items{list-style:none;}.trail-items li::after{padding:0 0.3em;content:"\00bb";}.trail-items li:last-of-type::after{display:none;}h1,.entry-content h1,h2,.entry-content h2,h3,.entry-content h3,h4,.entry-content h4,h5,.entry-content h5,h6,.entry-content h6{color:var(--ast-global-color-2);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-firstrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:first-child,.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-3-lastrow .ast-builder-grid-row > *:last-child{grid-column:1 / -1;}}.ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-layout-element[data-section="title_tagline"]{display:flex;}}[data-section*="section-hb-button-"] .menu-link{display:none;}.ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-button-1[data-section="section-hb-button-1"]{display:flex;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{font-family:inherit;font-weight:inherit;text-transform:uppercase;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu{border-top-width:2px;border-bottom-width:0px;border-right-width:0px;border-left-width:0px;border-color:#a71930;border-style:solid;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .sub-menu .sub-menu{top:-2px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0px;}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu:before,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper:before{height:calc( 0px + 2px + 5px );}.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{right:-15px;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .main-header-menu > .menu-item > .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper{margin-top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-1{display:flex;}}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: block;z-index: 4;position: relative;}.ast-search-icon .ast-icon {z-index: 4;}.ast-search-icon {z-index: 4;position: relative;line-height: normal;}.main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {background-color: #ffffff;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active.slide-search .search-form {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;line-height: normal;padding: 0 3em 0 0;border-radius: 2px;display: inline-block;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;backface-visibility: hidden;position: relative;color: inherit;background-color: #fff;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon {-js-display: flex;display: flex;line-height: normal;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon:focus {outline: none;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {border: none;background-color: transparent;transition: all .3s;border-radius: inherit;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;width: 0;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: none;background: none;border: none;font-size: 1.3em;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field,.ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field {width: 235px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form {-js-display: flex;display: flex;align-items: center;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width : 100%;padding : 0.60em;padding-right : 5.5em;transition: all 0.2s;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {padding-left: 2em;padding-right: unset;left: -1em;right: unset;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form .search-field {margin-right: unset;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {-webkit-backface-visibility: visible;backface-visibility: visible;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;transition: all .2s;position: absolute;z-index: 3;right: -1em;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form .search-field:-ms-input-placeholder{opacity:0.5;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form{-js-display:flex;display:flex;align-items:center;}.ast-builder-layout-element.ast-header-search{height:auto;}.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-search .astra-search-icon{font-size:18px;}}.ast-header-search{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-header-search{display:flex;}}.site-below-footer-wrap{padding-top:20px;padding-bottom:20px;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{background-color:#eeeeee;min-height:80px;border-style:solid;border-width:0px;border-top-width:1px;border-top-color:var(--ast-global-color-6);}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row{max-width:1300px;min-height:80px;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .ast-builder-grid-row,.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"] .site-footer-section{align-items:flex-start;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.ast-builder-grid-row-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}@media (max-width:921px){.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-tablet-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-tablet-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}@media (max-width:544px){.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-inline .site-footer-section{display:flex;margin-bottom:0;}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"].ast-footer-row-mobile-stack .site-footer-section{display:block;margin-bottom:10px;}.ast-builder-grid-row-container.ast-builder-grid-row-mobile-full .ast-builder-grid-row{grid-template-columns:1fr;}}.site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .site-below-footer-wrap[data-section="section-below-footer-builder"]{display:grid;}}.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}.ast-footer-copyright {color:#3a3a3a;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-footer-copyright{text-align:center;}}.ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-footer-copyright.ast-builder-layout-element{display:flex;}}.elementor-posts-container [CLASS*="ast-width-"]{width:100%;}.elementor-template-full-width .ast-container{display:block;}.elementor-screen-only,.screen-reader-text,.screen-reader-text span,.ui-helper-hidden-accessible{top:0 !important;}@media (max-width:544px){.elementor-element .elementor-wc-products .woocommerce[class*="columns-"] ul.products li.product{width:auto;margin:0;}.elementor-element .woocommerce .woocommerce-result-count{float:none;}}.ast-header-button-1 .ast-custom-button{box-shadow:0px 0px 0px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.ast-desktop .ast-mega-menu-enabled .ast-builder-menu-1 div:not( .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper) .sub-menu,.ast-builder-menu-1 .inline-on-mobile .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .astra-full-megamenu-wrapper,.ast-desktop .ast-builder-menu-1 .menu-item .sub-menu{box-shadow:0px 4px 10px -2px rgba(0,0,0,0.1);}.ast-desktop .ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:35%;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:90%;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{max-width:90%;}}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}@media (min-width:922px){.main-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;}}.main-header-menu .menu-item,#astra-footer-menu .menu-item,.main-header-bar .ast-masthead-custom-menu-items{-js-display:flex;display:flex;-webkit-box-pack:center;-webkit-justify-content:center;-moz-box-pack:center;-ms-flex-pack:center;justify-content:center;-webkit-box-orient:vertical;-webkit-box-direction:normal;-webkit-flex-direction:column;-moz-box-orient:vertical;-moz-box-direction:normal;-ms-flex-direction:column;flex-direction:column;}.main-header-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link,#astra-footer-menu > .menu-item > .menu-link{height:100%;-webkit-box-align:center;-webkit-align-items:center;-moz-box-align:center;-ms-flex-align:center;align-items:center;-js-display:flex;display:flex;}.main-header-menu .sub-menu .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{position:absolute;right:1em;top:50%;transform:translate(0,-50%) rotate(270deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children>.ast-menu-toggle::before,.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-weight:bold;content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;}.ast-header-break-point .main-navigation ul.sub-menu .menu-item .menu-link:before{content:"\e900";font-family:Astra;font-size:.65em;text-decoration:inherit;display:inline-block;transform:translate(0,-2px) rotateZ(270deg);margin-right:5px;}.widget_search .search-form:after{font-family:Astra;font-size:1.2em;font-weight:normal;content:"\e8b6";position:absolute;top:50%;right:15px;transform:translate(0,-50%);}.astra-search-icon::before{content:"\e8b6";font-family:Astra;font-style:normal;font-weight:normal;text-decoration:inherit;text-align:center;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;z-index:3;}.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .page_item_has_children > a:after,.main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > a:after,.menu-item-has-children .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{content:"\e900";display:inline-block;font-family:Astra;font-size:.6rem;font-weight:bold;text-rendering:auto;-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale;margin-left:10px;line-height:normal;}.menu-item-has-children .sub-menu .ast-header-navigation-arrow:after{margin-left:0;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded>.ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-header-break-point .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{display:none;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-builder-menu .main-navigation > ul > li:last-child a{margin-right:0;}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-inner{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container.ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comment-respond,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .ast-comment-list li,.ast-separate-container .comments-area .comments-title{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container.ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single:not(.ast-related-post),.woocommerce.ast-separate-container .ast-woocommerce-container,.ast-separate-container .error-404,.ast-separate-container .no-results,.single.ast-separate-container.ast-author-meta,.ast-separate-container .related-posts-title-wrapper,.ast-separate-container .comments-count-wrapper,.ast-box-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-padded-layout.ast-plain-container .site-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-archive-description{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container.ast-two-container #secondary .widget{background-color:var(--ast-global-color-5);}}.ast-mobile-header-content > *,.ast-desktop-header-content > * {padding: 10px 0;height: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:first-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:first-child {padding-top: 10px;}.ast-mobile-header-content > .ast-builder-menu,.ast-desktop-header-content > .ast-builder-menu {padding-top: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content > *:last-child,.ast-desktop-header-content > *:last-child {padding-bottom: 0;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search label {width: 100%;}.ast-desktop-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before {transform: rotateX(180deg);}#ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-icon,.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-popup-nav-open .ast-desktop-header-content {display: none;}.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point #ast-desktop-header .ast-desktop-header-content,.ast-main-header-nav-open.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content {display: block;}.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-up > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-slide-down > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item > .sub-menu,.ast-desktop .ast-desktop-header-content .astra-menu-animation-fade > .menu-item .menu-item > .sub-menu {opacity: 1;visibility: visible;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation {width: unset;margin: unset;}.ast-mobile-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle,.ast-desktop-header-content.content-align-flex-end .main-header-bar-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle {left: calc( 20px - 0.907em);right: auto;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search {width: 100%;position: relative;display: block;right: auto;transform: none;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {right: 0;visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;top: auto;transform: none;padding: 0;display: block;overflow: hidden;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {width: 100%;padding-right: 5.5em;}.ast-mobile-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit,.ast-desktop-header-content .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: block;position: absolute;height: 100%;top: 0;right: 0;padding: 0 1em;border-radius: 0;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation ul .sub-menu .menu-link {padding-left: 30px;}.ast-hfb-header.ast-default-menu-enable.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content .main-header-bar-navigation .sub-menu .menu-item .menu-item .menu-link {padding-left: 40px;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .ast-mobile-popup-inner{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-mobile-header-content,.ast-desktop-header-content{background-color:#ffffff;;}.ast-mobile-popup-content > *,.ast-mobile-header-content > *,.ast-desktop-popup-content > *,.ast-desktop-header-content > *{padding-top:0px;padding-bottom:0px;}.content-align-flex-start .ast-builder-layout-element{justify-content:flex-start;}.content-align-flex-start .main-header-menu{text-align:left;}.ast-mobile-popup-drawer.active .menu-toggle-close{color:#3a3a3a;}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-primary-header-bar .site-primary-header-wrap{min-height:70px;}.ast-desktop .ast-primary-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:70px;}.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-primary-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-below-header-bar,.ast-header-break-point #masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-primary-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}}.ast-primary-header-bar{background-color:#ffffff;background-image:none;}.ast-primary-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-primary-header-bar{display:grid;}}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal{color:#a71930;border:none;background:transparent;}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-toggle-icon .ast-mobile-svg{width:20px;height:20px;fill:#a71930;}[data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-wrap .mobile-menu{color:#a71930;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-header-menu,.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .menu-link,.ast-hfb-header .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item .sub-menu .menu-link{border-style:none;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item-has-children > .menu-link:after{content:unset;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation .menu-item.menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle{top:0;}}.ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-builder-menu-mobile .main-navigation{display:block;}}.ast-above-header .main-header-bar-navigation{height:100%;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item .menu-link{border:none;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .inline-on-mobile .menu-item-has-children > .ast-menu-toggle::before{font-size:.6rem;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-wrap .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-submenu-expanded > .ast-menu-toggle::before{transform:rotateX(180deg);}.ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar ,.ast-above-header-bar .site-above-header-wrap{min-height:50px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .main-header-menu > .menu-item{line-height:50px;}.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-woo-cart,.ast-desktop .ast-above-header-bar .ast-header-edd-cart{line-height:50px;}.ast-above-header-bar{border-bottom-width:1px;border-bottom-color:#eaeaea;border-bottom-style:solid;}.ast-above-header.ast-above-header-bar{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);background-image:none;}.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{background-color:rgba(255,255,255,0);}@media (max-width:921px){#masthead .ast-mobile-header-wrap .ast-above-header-bar{padding-left:20px;padding-right:20px;}}.ast-above-header-bar{display:block;}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-header-break-point .ast-above-header-bar{display:grid;}}:root{--e-global-color-astglobalcolor0:#0170B9;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor1:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor2:#3a3a3a;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor3:#4B4F58;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor4:#F5F5F5;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor5:#FFFFFF;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor6:#E5E5E5;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor7:#424242;--e-global-color-astglobalcolor8:#000000;}.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers{display:inherit;float:none;}.ast-pagination a,.nav-links a{color:#a71930;}.ast-pagination a:hover,.ast-pagination a:focus,.ast-pagination > span:hover:not(.dots),.ast-pagination > span.current{color:var(--ast-global-color-1);}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-pagination .next:focus,.ast-pagination .prev:focus{width:100% !important;}}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {padding: 0 1.5em;height: 2.33333em;line-height: calc(2.33333em - 3px);}.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {padding-right: 0;}.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers {padding-left: 0;}.ast-pagination-default .post-page-numbers.current .page-link,.ast-pagination-default .ast-pagination .page-numbers.current {border-radius: 2px;}.ast-pagination {display: inline-block;width: 100%;padding-top: 2em;text-align: center;}.ast-pagination .page-numbers {display: inline-block;width: 2.33333em;height: 2.33333em;font-size: 16px;font-size: 1.06666rem;line-height: calc(2.33333em - 3px);font-weight: 500;}.ast-pagination .nav-links {display: inline-block;width: 100%;}@media (max-width: 420px) {.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {width: 100%;text-align: center;margin: 0;}.ast-pagination-circle .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers,.ast-pagination-square .ast-pagination .next.page-numbers{margin-top: 10px;}.ast-pagination-circle .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers,.ast-pagination-square .ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers{margin-bottom: 10px;}}.ast-pagination .prev,.ast-pagination .prev:visited,.ast-pagination .prev:focus,.ast-pagination .next,.ast-pagination .next:visited,.ast-pagination .next:focus {display: inline-block;width: auto;}.ast-pagination .prev svg,.ast-pagination .next svg{height: 16px;position: relative;top: 0.2em;}.ast-pagination .prev svg {margin-right: 0.3em;}.ast-pagination .next svg {margin-left: 0.3em;}.ast-page-builder-template .ast-pagination {padding: 2em;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots:focus,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots:hover,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots:focus {border: 2px solid #eaeaea;background: transparent;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.dots,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.dots {cursor: default;}.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers {float: left;}.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers {float: right;}@media (max-width: 768px) {.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers .page-navigation {padding-right: 0;}}@media (min-width: 769px) {.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers.next,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:visited.next,.ast-pagination .prev.page-numbers:focus.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:visited.next,.ast-pagination .next.page-numbers:focus.next {margin-right: 0;}} </style> <style id='wp-emoji-styles-inline-css'> img.wp-smiley, img.emoji { display: inline !important; border: none !important; box-shadow: none !important; height: 1em !important; width: 1em !important; margin: 0 0.07em !important; vertical-align: -0.1em !important; background: none !important; padding: 0 !important; } </style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'> :root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #ffffff;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0: var(--ast-global-color-0);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1: var(--ast-global-color-1);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2: var(--ast-global-color-2);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3: var(--ast-global-color-3);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4: var(--ast-global-color-4);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5: var(--ast-global-color-5);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6: var(--ast-global-color-6);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7: var(--ast-global-color-7);--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8: var(--ast-global-color-8);--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--font-size--small: 13px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255, 255, 255, 1), 6px 6px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0, 0, 0, 1);}:root { --wp--style--global--content-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-content-width-size);--wp--style--global--wide-size: var(--wp--custom--ast-wide-width-size); }:where(body) { margin: 0; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignleft { float: left; margin-right: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .alignright { float: right; margin-left: 2em; }.wp-site-blocks > .aligncenter { justify-content: center; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > * { margin-block-start: 24px; margin-block-end: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :first-child { margin-block-start: 0; }:where(.wp-site-blocks) > :last-child { margin-block-end: 0; }:root { --wp--style--block-gap: 24px; }:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flow) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :first-child{margin-block-start: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > :last-child{margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-constrained) > *{margin-block-start: 24px;margin-block-end: 0;}:root :where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 24px;}:root :where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 24px;}.is-layout-flow > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-flow > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-flow > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignleft{float: left;margin-inline-start: 0;margin-inline-end: 2em;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignright{float: right;margin-inline-start: 2em;margin-inline-end: 0;}.is-layout-constrained > .aligncenter{margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > :where(:not(.alignleft):not(.alignright):not(.alignfull)){max-width: var(--wp--style--global--content-size);margin-left: auto !important;margin-right: auto !important;}.is-layout-constrained > .alignwide{max-width: var(--wp--style--global--wide-size);}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*, div){margin: 0;}body{padding-top: 0px;padding-right: 0px;padding-bottom: 0px;padding-left: 0px;}a:where(:not(.wp-element-button)){text-decoration: none;}:root :where(.wp-element-button, .wp-block-button__link){background-color: #32373c;border-width: 0;color: #fff;font-family: inherit;font-size: inherit;line-height: inherit;padding: calc(0.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);text-decoration: none;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-0-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-0) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-1-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-1) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-2-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-2) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-3-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-3) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-4-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-4) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-5-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-5) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-6-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-6) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-7-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-7) !important;}.has-ast-global-color-8-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--ast-global-color-8) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;} :root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ctf_styles-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/custom-twitter-feeds/css/ctf-styles.min.css?ver=2.2.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='toc-screen-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/screen.min.css?ver=2411.1' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-skeleton.min.css?ver=6.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tribe-events-v2-single-skeleton-full-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/tribe-events-single-full.min.css?ver=6.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='tec-events-elementor-widgets-base-styles-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/the-events-calendar/src/resources/css/integrations/plugins/elementor/widgets/widget-base.min.css?ver=6.8.2' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-addon-css-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673e50d95b8720-99848052.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='astra-addon-css-inline-css'> #content:before{content:"921";position:absolute;overflow:hidden;opacity:0;visibility:hidden;}.blog-layout-2{position:relative;}.single .ast-author-details .author-title{color:#a71930;}@media (max-width:921px){.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-meta{padding:1.5em 2.14em;}.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-avatar{margin-bottom:1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-md-1 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-md-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-md-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-md-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts{padding:0 .75em 0;}.blog-layout-1 .post-content,.blog-layout-1 .ast-blog-featured-section{float:none;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-2.14em;margin-right:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .entry-header .post-thumb-img-content:first-child{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-2.14em;margin-right:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-right:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;margin-right:-0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-1.5em;margin-right:-1.5em;}.blog-layout-2{display:flex;flex-direction:column-reverse;}.ast-separate-container .blog-layout-3,.ast-separate-container .blog-layout-1{display:block;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-blog-layout-4-grid .ast-article-post{display:flex;}}@media (max-width:921px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-top:0;margin-left:-2.14em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0;margin-left:-1.14em;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-archive-description,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-archive-description{margin-bottom:1.33333em;}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-thumb .post-content,.blog-layout-3.ast-no-thumb .post-content{width:calc(100% - 5.714285714em);}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-thumb.ast-no-date-box .post-content,.blog-layout-3.ast-no-thumb.ast-no-date-box .post-content{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts{border-bottom:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after{flex-basis:0;width:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{display:flex;padding:0;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:stretch;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row:after,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:before,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row:after{flex-basis:0;width:0;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post{display:flex;}.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-plain-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post:last-child,.ast-page-builder-template .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post:last-child{margin-bottom:2.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 > .site-main > .ast-row,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 > .site-main > .ast-row{margin-left:0;margin-right:0;display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;align-items:stretch;}.single .ast-author-meta .ast-author-details{display:flex;}}@media (min-width:922px){.single .post-author-avatar,.single .post-author-bio{float:left;clear:right;}.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-avatar{margin-right:1.33333em;}.single .ast-author-meta .about-author-title-wrapper,.single .ast-author-meta .post-author-bio{text-align:left;}.blog-layout-2 .post-content{padding-right:2em;}.blog-layout-2.ast-no-date-box.ast-no-thumb .post-content{padding-right:0;}.blog-layout-3 .post-content{padding-left:2em;}.blog-layout-3.ast-no-date-box.ast-no-thumb .post-content{padding-left:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+0),.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts:nth-child(2n+1){padding:0 1em 0;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-sm-1 .ast-article-post{width:100%;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-sm-2 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-sm-3 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-sm-4 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts{padding:0 .5em 0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-sm-1 .ast-article-post.ast-separate-posts{padding:0;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0.5em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container .ast-article-single.remove-featured-img-padding .single-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;margin-right:-0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .circle .posted-on{margin-top:0.5em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section:first-child .post-thumb-img-content{margin-top:-1.33333em;}.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-2 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-3 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content,.ast-separate-container.ast-blog-grid-4 .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding .blog-layout-1 .post-thumb-img-content{margin-left:-1em;margin-right:-1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-2,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-2 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-3{padding:1.33333em 1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-3 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1,.ast-separate-container .ast-grid-4 .ast-article-post .blog-layout-1{padding:1.33333em 1em;}.single.ast-separate-container .ast-author-meta{padding:1.5em 1em;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .square .posted-on{margin-left:-1em;}.ast-separate-container .ast-article-post.remove-featured-img-padding.has-post-thumbnail .blog-layout-1 .post-content .ast-blog-featured-section .circle .posted-on{margin-left:-0.5em;}}@media (min-width:922px){.ast-hide-display-device-desktop{display:none;}[class^="astra-advanced-hook-"] .wp-block-query .wp-block-post-template .wp-block-post{width:100%;}}@media (min-width:545px) and (max-width:921px){.ast-hide-display-device-tablet{display:none;}}@media (max-width:544px){.ast-hide-display-device-mobile{display:none;}}{box-shadow:0px 6px 15px -2px rgba(16,24,40,0.05);}.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on,.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on *{background:#a71930;color:#ffffff;}.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-month,.ast-article-post .ast-date-meta .posted-on .date-year{color:#ffffff;}.ast-load-more:hover{color:#ffffff;border-color:#a71930;background-color:#a71930;}.ast-loader > div{background-color:#a71930;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-field{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit{border-radius:2px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form{border-top-width:1px;border-bottom-width:1px;border-left-width:1px;border-right-width:1px;border-color:#ddd;border-radius:2px;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-toggle-icon .ast-mobile-svg{fill:#a71930;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .mobile-menu-wrap .mobile-menu{color:#a71930;}[CLASS*="-sticky-header-active"] .ast-header-sticked [data-section="section-header-mobile-trigger"] .ast-button-wrap .ast-mobile-menu-trigger-minimal{background:transparent;}.ast-search-box.header-cover #close::before,.ast-search-box.full-screen #close::before{font-family:Astra;content:"\e5cd";display:inline-block;transition:transform .3s ease-in-out;} </style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-frontend-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/custom-frontend.min.css?ver=1732213812' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-26964-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-26964.css?ver=1732213827' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-image-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-image.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-text-editor-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-text-editor.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-heading-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-heading.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-social-icons-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-social-icons.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-apple-webkit-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/custom-apple-webkit.min.css?ver=1732213812' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-divider-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/widget-divider.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='widget-nav-menu-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/custom-pro-widget-nav-menu.min.css?ver=1732213814' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/eicons/css/elementor-icons.min.css?ver=5.32.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='swiper-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/swiper/v8/css/swiper.min.css?ver=8.4.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-swiper-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/css/conditionals/e-swiper.min.css?ver=3.25.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-24880-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-24880.css?ver=1732213815' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='e-popup-style-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/css/conditionals/popup.min.css?ver=3.25.4' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-24994-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-24994.css?ver=1732213816' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-37006-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-37006.css?ver=1732214593' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='astra-child-theme-css-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra-child/style.css?ver=1.0.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='addtoany-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.css?ver=1.16' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='eael-general-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/css/view/general.min.css?ver=6.0.10' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='ecs-styles-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/ele-custom-skin/assets/css/ecs-style.css?ver=3.1.9' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-post-42554-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/elementor/css/post-42554.css?ver=1712050954' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='google-fonts-1-css' href='https://fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato%3A100%2C100italic%2C200%2C200italic%2C300%2C300italic%2C400%2C400italic%2C500%2C500italic%2C600%2C600italic%2C700%2C700italic%2C800%2C800italic%2C900%2C900italic&display=auto&ver=6.7' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-shared-0-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/fontawesome.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-solid-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/solid.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='elementor-icons-fa-brands-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/lib/font-awesome/css/brands.min.css?ver=5.15.3' media='all' /> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com/" crossorigin> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/google-analytics-for-wordpress/assets/js/frontend-gtag.min.js?ver=9.2.2" id="monsterinsights-frontend-script-js" async data-wp-strategy="async"></script> <script data-cfasync="false" data-wpfc-render="false" id='monsterinsights-frontend-script-js-extra'>var monsterinsights_frontend = {"js_events_tracking":"true","download_extensions":"doc,pdf,ppt,zip,xls,docx,pptx,xlsx","inbound_paths":"[]","home_url":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org","hash_tracking":"false","v4_id":"G-1G6PREPK9E"};</script> <script id="addtoany-core-js-before"> window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={}; a2a_config.icon_color="#ffffff,#a71930"; </script> <script defer src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" id="addtoany-core-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js?ver=3.7.1" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js?ver=3.4.1" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script defer src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/add-to-any/addtoany.min.js?ver=1.1" id="addtoany-jquery-js"></script> <script id="ecs_ajax_load-js-extra"> var ecs_ajax_params = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","posts":"{\"post_type\":\"commentary\",\"error\":\"\",\"m\":\"\",\"p\":0,\"post_parent\":\"\",\"subpost\":\"\",\"subpost_id\":\"\",\"attachment\":\"\",\"attachment_id\":0,\"name\":\"\",\"pagename\":\"\",\"page_id\":0,\"second\":\"\",\"minute\":\"\",\"hour\":\"\",\"day\":0,\"monthnum\":0,\"year\":0,\"w\":0,\"category_name\":\"\",\"tag\":\"\",\"cat\":\"\",\"tag_id\":\"\",\"author\":\"\",\"author_name\":\"\",\"feed\":\"\",\"tb\":\"\",\"paged\":0,\"meta_key\":\"\",\"meta_value\":\"\",\"preview\":\"\",\"s\":\"\",\"sentence\":\"\",\"title\":\"\",\"fields\":\"\",\"menu_order\":\"\",\"embed\":\"\",\"category__in\":[],\"category__not_in\":[],\"category__and\":[],\"post__in\":[],\"post__not_in\":[],\"post_name__in\":[],\"tag__in\":[],\"tag__not_in\":[],\"tag__and\":[],\"tag_slug__in\":[],\"tag_slug__and\":[],\"post_parent__in\":[],\"post_parent__not_in\":[],\"author__in\":[],\"author__not_in\":[],\"search_columns\":[],\"facetwp\":true,\"ignore_sticky_posts\":false,\"suppress_filters\":false,\"cache_results\":true,\"update_post_term_cache\":true,\"update_menu_item_cache\":false,\"lazy_load_term_meta\":true,\"update_post_meta_cache\":true,\"posts_per_page\":12,\"nopaging\":false,\"comments_per_page\":\"50\",\"no_found_rows\":false,\"order\":\"DESC\"}"}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/ele-custom-skin/assets/js/ecs_ajax_pagination.js?ver=3.1.9" id="ecs_ajax_load-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/ele-custom-skin/assets/js/ecs.js?ver=3.1.9" id="ecs-script-js"></script> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <meta name="generator" content="WordPress 6.7" />  <style type="text/css"> .ctf-author-name { color: green; } </style> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/simple-pull-quote/css/simple-pull-quote.css" /> <meta name="tec-api-version" content="v1"><meta name="tec-api-origin" content="https://shorensteincenter.org"><link rel="alternate" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-json/tribe/events/v1/" /><meta name="generator" content="Elementor 3.25.9; features: additional_custom_breakpoints, e_optimized_control_loading, e_element_cache; settings: css_print_method-external, google_font-enabled, font_display-auto">  <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-M5G8B92');</script>   <script>(function(w,d,s,l,i){w[l]=w[l]||[];w[l].push({'gtm.start': new Date().getTime(),event:'gtm.js'});var f=d.getElementsByTagName(s)[0], j=d.createElement(s),dl=l!='dataLayer'?'&l='+l:'';j.async=true;j.src= 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtm.js?id='+i+dl;f.parentNode.insertBefore(j,f); })(window,document,'script','dataLayer','GTM-PRBVPKQ');</script>  <style> .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+4):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } @media screen and (max-height: 1024px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+3):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } @media screen and (max-height: 640px) { .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload), .e-con.e-parent:nth-of-type(n+2):not(.e-lazyloaded):not(.e-no-lazyload) * { background-image: none !important; } } </style> <link rel="icon" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/favicon-shorenstein-center-130x130.png" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/favicon-shorenstein-center-310x310.png" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/favicon-shorenstein-center-310x310.png" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/favicon-shorenstein-center-310x310.png" /> </head> <body itemtype='https://schema.org/Blog' itemscope='itemscope' class="archive post-type-archive post-type-archive-commentary wp-custom-logo tribe-no-js ast-desktop ast-page-builder-template ast-no-sidebar astra-4.8.6 group-blog ast-replace-site-logo-transparent ast-inherit-site-logo-transparent ast-hfb-header ast-blog-grid-1 ast-blog-layout-1 ast-pagination-default ast-sticky-header-shrink ast-inherit-site-logo-sticky elementor-page-37006 elementor-default elementor-template-full-width elementor-kit-24880 astra-addon-4.8.6">  <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-M5G8B92" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>   <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-PRBVPKQ" height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>  <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#content" title="Skip to content"> Skip to content</a> <div class="hfeed site" id="page"> <header class="ast-custom-header" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/WPHeader"> <div class="astra-advanced-hook-26964 "> <div data-elementor-type="wp-post" data-elementor-id="26964" class="elementor elementor-26964" data-elementor-post-type="astra-advanced-hook"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-bcec91f elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="bcec91f" data-element_type="section" id="site-header" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-d3c88a0" data-id="d3c88a0" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-c036f55 elementor-widget elementor-widget-image" data-id="c036f55" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="image.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org"> <img loading="lazy" width="636" height="131" src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/HKSlogo_shorenstein_transparent-1-636x131.png" class="attachment-large size-large wp-image-26972" alt="Shorenstein Center logo" srcset="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/HKSlogo_shorenstein_transparent-1-636x131.png 636w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/HKSlogo_shorenstein_transparent-1-130x27.png 130w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/HKSlogo_shorenstein_transparent-1-768x158.png 768w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/06/HKSlogo_shorenstein_transparent-1.png 1461w" sizes="(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-bbf689a" data-id="bbf689a" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-a9f086d elementor-nav-menu__align-end elementor-nav-menu--stretch elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="a9f086d" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"full_width":"stretch","layout":"horizontal","submenu_icon":{"value":"<i class=\"fas fa-caret-down\"><\/i>","library":"fa-solid"},"toggle":"burger"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-horizontal e--pointer-underline e--animation-fade"> <ul id="menu-1-a9f086d" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10183"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11192"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/advisory-board/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-44866"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Faculty and Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29870"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33185"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/jobs/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Jobs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10191"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Student Opportunities</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10192"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/courses/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Courses</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19211"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/internships/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Internships</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10238"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/research-assistant-application/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Research Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36212"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/student-funding-requests/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Student Funding Requests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33007"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/diversity-inclusion-belonging-shorenstein/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5"><a href="/about-us/contact-us/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-19953"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Programs</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36643"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/behavioral-insights-group/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Behavioral Insights Group</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33553"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/covid-states-project/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">COVID States Project</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38625"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/documentary-film/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Documentary Film in the Public Interest</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23658"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/news-quality/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">The Journalist’s Resource</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23663"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/misinformation/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">HKS Misinformation Review</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29597"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/public-interest-tech-lab/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Public Interest Tech Lab</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36700"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/student-media-initiative/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Student Media Initiative</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10202"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Fellowships</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10205"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/former-fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Former Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10243"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/fellowship-application/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Apply to be a Fellow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10253"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Prizes & Lectures</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10280"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/goldsmith-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Goldsmith Awards Program</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10282"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/david-nyhan-prize/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Nyhan Prize</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10281"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/theodore-h-white-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Theodore H. White Lecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10254"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/salant-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Salant Lecture</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10233"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/news-events/" class="elementor-item menu-link">News & Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29655"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/news/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37736"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/commentary/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Expert Commentary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-23655"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28294"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27582"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/past-event-recordings/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Event Recordings</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23669"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Publications</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40399"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/faculty-research/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Faculty Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40400"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/discussion-papers/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link">Discussion Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29785"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/donate/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="elementor-menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle" aria-expanded="false"> <i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar"></i><i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close"></i> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Menu</span> </div> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-a9f086d" class="elementor-nav-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10183"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">About</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-11192"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/advisory-board/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Advisory Board</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-44866"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/faculty-and-staff/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Faculty and Staff</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29870"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33185"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/jobs/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Jobs</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10191"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Student Opportunities</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10192"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/courses/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Courses</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-19211"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/internships/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Internships</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10238"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/research-assistant-application/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Research Assistants</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36212"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/student-opportunities/student-funding-requests/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Student Funding Requests</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33007"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/diversity-inclusion-belonging-shorenstein/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Diversity, Inclusion and Belonging</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-5"><a href="/about-us/contact-us/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Contact Us</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-19953"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Programs</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36643"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/behavioral-insights-group/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Behavioral Insights Group</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-33553"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/covid-states-project/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">COVID States Project</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-38625"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/documentary-film/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Documentary Film in the Public Interest</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23658"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/news-quality/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">The Journalist’s Resource</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-23663"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/misinformation/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">HKS Misinformation Review</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29597"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/public-interest-tech-lab/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Public Interest Tech Lab</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-36700"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/student-media-initiative/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Student Media Initiative</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10202"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Fellowships</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10205"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/former-fellows/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Former Fellows</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10243"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/fellowships/fellowship-application/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Apply to be a Fellow</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10253"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Prizes & Lectures</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10280"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/goldsmith-awards/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Goldsmith Awards Program</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10282"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/david-nyhan-prize/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Nyhan Prize</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10281"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/theodore-h-white-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Theodore H. White Lecture</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-10254"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/programs/prizes-lectures/salant-lecture/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Salant Lecture</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-has-children menu-item-10233"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/news-events/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">News & Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29655"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/news/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37736"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/commentary/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Expert Commentary</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-23655"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Events</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-28294"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-27582"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/past-event-recordings/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Event Recordings</a></li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-has-children menu-item-23669"><a aria-expanded="false" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Publications</a> <ul class="sub-menu elementor-nav-menu--dropdown"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40399"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/faculty-research/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Faculty Research</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-40400"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/publications/discussion-papers/" class="elementor-sub-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Discussion Papers</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-29785"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/donate/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Donate</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-132c772" data-id="132c772" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-fde40ec elementor-widget elementor-widget-shortcode" data-id="fde40ec" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="shortcode.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-shortcode"><div class="astra-search-shortcode search-custom-menu-item slide left"> <div class="ast-search-menu-icon slide-search" > <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://shorensteincenter.org/"> <label for="search-field"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> <input type="search" id="search-field" class="search-field" placeholder="Search..." value="" name="s" tabindex="-1"> </label> </form> <div class="ast-search-icon"> <a class="slide-search astra-search-icon" aria-label="Search icon link" href="#"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search</span> <span class="ast-icon icon-search"></span> </a> </div> </div> </div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> </header> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <div class="ast-container"> <div data-elementor-type="archive" data-elementor-id="37006" class="elementor elementor-37006 elementor-location-archive" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-b874a8e elementor-section-height-min-height elementor-section-content-middle elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-items-middle" data-id="b874a8e" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3447dadf" data-id="3447dadf" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-2d5a0c0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-archive-title elementor-page-title elementor-widget-heading" data-id="2d5a0c0" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-archive-title.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h1 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Commentaries</h1> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-ffd803d elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="ffd803d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The Shorenstein Center’s Commentary Blog brings together original writing and articles written by Shorenstein Center experts to provide context, explainers, and new research on topics in the news. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-3b9c30c5 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="3b9c30c5" data-element_type="section"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-wide"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-33 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3f4e6a25 elementor-hidden-phone" data-id="3f4e6a25" data-element_type="column" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-56236ea4 elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="56236ea4" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h2 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">News & Events</h2> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-7a3765a2 elementor-nav-menu--dropdown-tablet elementor-nav-menu__text-align-aside elementor-nav-menu--toggle elementor-nav-menu--burger elementor-widget elementor-widget-global elementor-global-34484 elementor-widget-nav-menu" data-id="7a3765a2" data-element_type="widget" data-settings="{"layout":"vertical","submenu_icon":{"value":"fas fa-caret-down","library":"fa-solid"},"toggle":"burger"}" data-widget_type="nav-menu.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <nav aria-label="Menu" class="elementor-nav-menu--main elementor-nav-menu__container elementor-nav-menu--layout-vertical e--pointer-none"> <ul id="menu-1-7a3765a2" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27409"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-27414"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/past-event-recordings/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Past Event Recordings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29656"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/news/" class="elementor-item menu-link">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37039"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/commentary/" class="elementor-item menu-link">Commentary</a></li> </ul> </nav> <div class="elementor-menu-toggle" role="button" tabindex="0" aria-label="Menu Toggle" aria-expanded="false"> <i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--open eicon-menu-bar"></i><i aria-hidden="true" role="presentation" class="elementor-menu-toggle__icon--close eicon-close"></i> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Menu</span> </div> <nav class="elementor-nav-menu--dropdown elementor-nav-menu__container" aria-hidden="true"> <ul id="menu-2-7a3765a2" class="elementor-nav-menu sm-vertical"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-27409"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/upcoming-events/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Upcoming Events</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-27414"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/past-event-recordings/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Past Event Recordings</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-29656"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/news/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">News</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-37039"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/category/commentary/" class="elementor-item menu-link" tabindex="-1">Commentary</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-66 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-3277ef37" data-id="3277ef37" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-64319d3f elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_post_blocks" data-id="64319d3f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="ucaddon_post_blocks.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container">  <style>/* widget: Post Blocks */ #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f { display:grid; grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box { overflow:hidden; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_image { overflow:hidden; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_image img { object-fit: contain; object-position:center center; width:100%; display:block; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_link a { display:inline-block; text-decoration:none; text-align:center; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box img { transition:0.5s; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box:hover img { transform:scale(1.05,1.05); } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .post_terms span:last-child { display: none; } @media screen and (max-width: 800px) { #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); } } @media screen and (max-width: 420px) { #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f { grid-template-columns: repeat(1, 1fr); } } @media screen and (min-width: 992px) { #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box { display: flex; flex-direction: row; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_image { display: block; width: 40%; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_content { display: block; width: 57%; } } /* CUSTOM */ #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box:first-child .ue_post_blocks_content { padding-top: 0; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .post_terms { text-transform: uppercase; font-size: 14px; line-height: 1.45; margin-bottom: 6px; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .elementor-element.elementor-element-c6ef3a5 .ue_post_blocks_date, #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .elementor-element.elementor-element-c6ef3a5 .ue_post_blocks_text { margin-top: 5px; } #uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f .ue_post_blocks_box:nth-child(n+2) .ue_post_blocks_image img { margin-top: 35px; } </style> <div id="uc_post_blocks_elementor_64319d3f" class="ue_post_blocks"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/learned-7-year-old-outcome-election/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/vote-1.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/learned-7-year-old-outcome-election/">What I learned from my 7-year-old about the outcome of the election</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">November 12, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">My seven-year-old daughter has been learning about voting in her second-grade class. Over the past few...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/what-now-journalism-trump/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/press-corps-white-house.jpg"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/news-business-practice-commentary">News Business & Practice</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/press-freedom-commentary">Press Freedom</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/what-now-journalism-trump/">So What Now? Journalism under a second Trump administration</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">November 7, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">Veteran journalist Dick Tofel argues that journalists must focus on three things under the second Trump...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/challenges-nuclear-miscalculation/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/11/marvin-kalb-book.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/challenges-nuclear-miscalculation/">The Challenges of Nuclear "Miscalculation"</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">November 1, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">When a Russian leader threatens the use of tactical nuclear weapons, or, worse, a nuclear war, he immediately...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/two-billionaires-two-newspapers-two-acts-self-sabotage/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/10/Untitled-Twitter-Post.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/news-business-practice-commentary">News Business & Practice</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/two-billionaires-two-newspapers-two-acts-self-sabotage/">Two Billionaires, Two Newspapers, Two Acts of Self-Sabotage</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">October 27, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">Center Director Nancy Gibbs writes, "I’m not worried that Post and Los Angeles Times readers will have...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/information-overload-election-season/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/social-media.jpg"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/information-overload-election-season/">Information Overload? What to do about it this election season.</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">August 6, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">While DC and Silicon Valley debate the safety and societal guardrails of online platforms, people like...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/debate-mess-pay-attention-next-matters-nancy-gibbs-time/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/trump-biden-2024-debate-still.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/news-business-practice-commentary">News Business & Practice</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/debate-mess-pay-attention-next-matters-nancy-gibbs-time/">The Debate Was a Mess. What We Pay Attention to Next Is What Matters - Nancy Gibbs in TIME</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">June 28, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">This essay was originally published in TIME on June 28, 2024 Debates are a test of candidates; post debates...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/banning-tiktok-walter-shorenstein-fellow-julia-angwin-says-congress-missing-point/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/solen-feyissa-XfnfMlNpWDo-unsplash-scaled.jpg"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/public-interest-technology">Public Interest Technology</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/banning-tiktok-walter-shorenstein-fellow-julia-angwin-says-congress-missing-point/">Banning TikTok? Walter Shorenstein Fellow Julia Angwin says Congress is missing the point</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">March 18, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">Julia Angwin The U.S. House of Representatives overwhelmingly passed a bill on March 13th that would...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/whats-risk-streaming-media-age/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/01/cinema-audience.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/documentary-film-in-the-public-interest">Documentary Film in the Public Interest</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/whats-risk-streaming-media-age/">What’s at Risk in the Streaming Media Age</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">January 18, 2024</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">We’ve seen many press stories in the past year about the headwinds facing legacy entertainment media...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/true-story-reflection-love/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/NBB-with-her-dad.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/documentary-film-calendar">Documentary Film</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/true-story-reflection-love/">A True Story of Reflection - With Love</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">December 18, 2023</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">On October 28, 2023 at the age of 86, my dad passed away, unexpectedly. And in the wake of his death,...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/new-podcast-thousand-ways-make-good-documentary/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/12/TTRP-Instagram-logo-2.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/documentary-film-calendar">Documentary Film</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/new-podcast-thousand-ways-make-good-documentary/">New podcast: A “thousand” ways to make a good documentary</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">December 13, 2023</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">In my 40-year career in film and video I’ve known and worked in circles of documentarians who admire...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/americans-former-confederate-states-likely-say-violent-protest-government-justified-160-years-gettysburg/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/gettysburg.png"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/americans-former-confederate-states-likely-say-violent-protest-government-justified-160-years-gettysburg/">Americans in former Confederate states more likely to say violent protest against government is justified, 160 years after Gettysburg</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">June 28, 2023</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">Over the July Fourth long weekend, people will pour into the small town of Gettysburg, Pennsylvania,...</div> </div> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_box" style="text-align:left;"> <div class="ue_post_blocks_image"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/muting-trumps-megaphone-easier-said-done/" style="display:block;"><img src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/Donald_Trump_39630669575-scaled.jpg"></a> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_content"> <div class="post_terms"> <a href="/category/commentary">Commentary</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/news-business-practice-commentary">News Business & Practice</a><span>, </span> <a href="/category/public-interest-journalism">Public Interest Journalism</a><span>, </span> </div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_title"><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/muting-trumps-megaphone-easier-said-done/">Muting Trump’s ‘megaphone’ easier said than done</a></div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_date">June 23, 2023</div> <div class="ue_post_blocks_text">Shorenstein Center professors Matthew Baum and Thomas Patterson talked to the Harvard Gazette about the...</div> </div> </div> </div>  </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-6b8892ce elementor-widget elementor-widget-ucaddon_archive_pagination" data-id="6b8892ce" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="ucaddon_archive_pagination.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container">  <link id='font-awesome-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium/assets_libraries/font-awesome6/fontawesome-all.min.css' type='text/css' rel='stylesheet' > <link id='font-awesome-4-shim-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/unlimited-elements-for-elementor-premium/assets_libraries/font-awesome6/fontawesome-v4-shims.min.css' type='text/css' rel='stylesheet' > <style>/* widget: Post Pagination */ #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce { } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce nav { padding:0px; margin:0px; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce { display:flex; justify-content:center; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .nav-links { display:flex; justify-content:center; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .nav-links > * { } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .page-numbers { display:flex; align-items:center; justify-content:center; min-width:30px; height:30px; transition:0.3s; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce a.page-numbers, #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .dots { color:#000000; background-color:; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce a.page-numbers:hover { color:#6e6e6e; background-color:#eeeeee; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .page-numbers.current { background-color:#000000; color:#ffffff; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .page-numbers.prev, #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .page-numbers.next { padding-left:15px; padding-right:15px; } #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .prev:before { font-family: "Font Awesome 5 Free"; content: "\f053"; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: 900; padding-right:10px;} #uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce .next:after { font-family: "Font Awesome 5 Free"; content: "\f054"; display: inline-block; vertical-align: middle; font-weight: 900; padding-left:10px;} </style> <div id="uc_archive_pagination_elementor_6b8892ce" class="archive_pagination"> <span aria-current="page" class="page-numbers current">1</span> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/page/2/" data-e-disable-page-transition="true">2</a> <a class="page-numbers" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/page/3/" data-e-disable-page-transition="true">3</a> <a class="next page-numbers" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/commentary/page/2/" data-e-disable-page-transition="true">Next</a> </div>  </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div>  </div> <div data-elementor-type="footer" data-elementor-id="24994" class="elementor elementor-24994 elementor-location-footer" data-elementor-post-type="elementor_library"> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-348359b2 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="348359b2" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-226f2cdb" data-id="226f2cdb" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-5620fee7 elementor-widget elementor-widget-theme-site-logo elementor-widget-image" data-id="5620fee7" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="theme-site-logo.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org"> <img loading="lazy" width="5830" height="1208" src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2.png" class="attachment-full size-full wp-image-24999" alt="HKS Shorenstein Center logo" srcset="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2.png 5830w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-130x27.png 130w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-636x132.png 636w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-768x159.png 768w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-1536x318.png 1536w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-2048x424.png 2048w, https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/02/HKSlogo_shorenstein_cmyk_white_large-2-150x31.png 150w" sizes="(max-width: 5830px) 100vw, 5830px" /> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-50 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-356a8357" data-id="356a8357" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-665010c5 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="665010c5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>The Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy is a <a href="http://www.hks.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Harvard Kennedy School</a> research center dedicated to exploring and illuminating the intersection of press, politics and public policy in theory and practice. The Center strives to bridge the gap between journalists and scholars, and between them and the public.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-25 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-31911cc0" data-id="31911cc0" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-400031b elementor-widget elementor-widget-heading" data-id="400031b" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="heading.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <h3 class="elementor-heading-title elementor-size-default">Follow us</h3> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-1f38c64f e-grid-align-tablet-center elementor-shape-rounded elementor-grid-0 elementor-widget elementor-widget-social-icons" data-id="1f38c64f" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="social-icons.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-social-icons-wrapper elementor-grid"> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-facebook elementor-repeater-item-d6b998b" href="https://www.facebook.com/shorensteincenter" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Facebook</span> <i class="fab fa-facebook"></i> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-twitter elementor-repeater-item-89e8d45" href="https://twitter.com/ShorensteinCtr" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Twitter</span> <i class="fab fa-twitter"></i> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-rss elementor-repeater-item-7e6ff5e" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/rss-feeds/" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Rss</span> <i class="fas fa-rss"></i> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-podcast elementor-repeater-item-3902631" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/media-politics-podcast/" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Podcast</span> <i class="fas fa-podcast"></i> </a> </span> <span class="elementor-grid-item"> <a class="elementor-icon elementor-social-icon elementor-social-icon-youtube elementor-repeater-item-8276723" href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCfHELo8vTDfQMG8zDEMaUHg" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-screen-only">Youtube</span> <i class="fab fa-youtube"></i> </a> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-d63d2f5 elementor-align-left elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-tablet__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="d63d2f5" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://hksexeced.tfaforms.net/f/subscribe-s?s=a1n4V000001Dwq2QAC&_ga=2.33928737.1058072977.1619376390-105183853.1610463939" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">subscribe</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-811a406 elementor-align-left elementor-tablet-align-center elementor-widget__width-auto elementor-widget-tablet__width-auto elementor-widget-mobile__width-auto elementor-widget elementor-widget-button" data-id="811a406" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="button.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <a class="elementor-button elementor-button-link elementor-size-sm" href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/donate/" target="_blank"> <span class="elementor-button-content-wrapper"> <span class="elementor-button-text">donate</span> </span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section class="elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-39d7eb3 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default" data-id="39d7eb3" data-element_type="section" data-settings="{"background_background":"classic"}"> <div class="elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default"> <div class="elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5852376d" data-id="5852376d" data-element_type="column"> <div class="elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated"> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-8b0c1ba elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="8b0c1ba" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p><a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us">ABOUT</a> | <a href="https://shorensteincenter.org/about-us/contact-us/">CONTACT US</a> | <a href="https://gdpr.harvard.edu/eeaprivacydisclosures" target="_blank" rel="noopener">PRIVACY</a> | <a href="https://accessibility.harvard.edu/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ACCESSIBILITY</a> | <a href="https://accessibility.huit.harvard.edu/digital-accessibility-policy" target="_blank" rel="noopener">WEB ACCESSIBILITY</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-625f1a1d elementor-widget-tablet__width-inherit elementor-widget-mobile__width-inherit elementor-widget-divider--view-line elementor-widget elementor-widget-divider" data-id="625f1a1d" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="divider.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <div class="elementor-divider"> <span class="elementor-divider-separator"> </span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="elementor-element elementor-element-30853184 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor" data-id="30853184" data-element_type="widget" data-widget_type="text-editor.default"> <div class="elementor-widget-container"> <p>Unless otherwise noted this site and its contents are licensed under a <a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International</a> license.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </div> <script> ( function ( body ) { 'use strict'; body.className = body.className.replace( /\btribe-no-js\b/, 'tribe-js' ); } )( document.body ); </script> <script> /* <![CDATA[ */var tribe_l10n_datatables = {"aria":{"sort_ascending":": activate to sort column ascending","sort_descending":": activate to sort column descending"},"length_menu":"Show _MENU_ entries","empty_table":"No data available in table","info":"Showing _START_ to _END_ of _TOTAL_ entries","info_empty":"Showing 0 to 0 of 0 entries","info_filtered":"(filtered from _MAX_ total entries)","zero_records":"No matching records found","search":"Search:","all_selected_text":"All items on this page were selected. ","select_all_link":"Select all pages","clear_selection":"Clear Selection.","pagination":{"all":"All","next":"Next","previous":"Previous"},"select":{"rows":{"0":"","_":": Selected %d rows","1":": Selected 1 row"}},"datepicker":{"dayNames":["Sunday","Monday","Tuesday","Wednesday","Thursday","Friday","Saturday"],"dayNamesShort":["Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"],"dayNamesMin":["S","M","T","W","T","F","S"],"monthNames":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesShort":["January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"monthNamesMin":["Jan","Feb","Mar","Apr","May","Jun","Jul","Aug","Sep","Oct","Nov","Dec"],"nextText":"Next","prevText":"Prev","currentText":"Today","closeText":"Done","today":"Today","clear":"Clear"}};/* ]]> */ </script> <script type='text/javascript'> const lazyloadRunObserver = () => { const lazyloadBackgrounds = document.querySelectorAll( `.e-con.e-parent:not(.e-lazyloaded)` ); const lazyloadBackgroundObserver = new IntersectionObserver( ( entries ) => { entries.forEach( ( entry ) => { if ( entry.isIntersecting ) { let lazyloadBackground = entry.target; if( lazyloadBackground ) { lazyloadBackground.classList.add( 'e-lazyloaded' ); } lazyloadBackgroundObserver.unobserve( entry.target ); } }); }, { rootMargin: '200px 0px 200px 0px' } ); lazyloadBackgrounds.forEach( ( lazyloadBackground ) => { lazyloadBackgroundObserver.observe( lazyloadBackground ); } ); }; const events = [ 'DOMContentLoaded', 'elementor/lazyload/observe', ]; events.forEach( ( event ) => { document.addEventListener( event, lazyloadRunObserver ); } ); </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='advanced-search-shortcode-css' href='https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/astra-addon/addons/advanced-search/assets/css/minified/advanced-search-shortcode.min.css?ver=4.8.6' media='all' /> <style id='advanced-search-shortcode-inline-css'> .main-header-bar .main-header-bar-navigation .ast-search-icon {display: block;z-index: 4;position: relative;}.ast-search-icon .ast-icon {z-index: 4;}.ast-search-icon {z-index: 4;position: relative;line-height: normal;}.main-header-bar .ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {background-color: #ffffff;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active.slide-search .search-form {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-form {border: 1px solid #e7e7e7;line-height: normal;padding: 0 3em 0 0;border-radius: 2px;display: inline-block;-webkit-backface-visibility: hidden;backface-visibility: hidden;position: relative;color: inherit;background-color: #fff;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon {-js-display: flex;display: flex;line-height: normal;}.ast-search-menu-icon .astra-search-icon:focus {outline: none;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-field {border: none;background-color: transparent;transition: all .3s;border-radius: inherit;color: inherit;font-size: inherit;width: 0;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon .search-submit {display: none;background: none;border: none;font-size: 1.3em;color: #757575;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active {visibility: visible;opacity: 1;position: relative;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-dropdown-active .search-field,.ast-dropdown-active.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search input.search-field {width: 235px;}.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form,.ast-header-search .ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-form {-js-display: flex;display: flex;align-items: center;}.ast-search-menu-icon.ast-inline-search .search-field {width : 100%;padding : 0.60em;padding-right : 5.5em;transition: all 0.2s;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {padding-left: 2em;padding-right: unset;left: -1em;right: unset;}.site-header-section-left .ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form .search-field {margin-right: unset;}.ast-search-menu-icon.slide-search .search-form {-webkit-backface-visibility: visible;backface-visibility: visible;visibility: hidden;opacity: 0;transition: all .2s;position: absolute;z-index: 3;right: -1em;top: 50%;transform: translateY(-50%);} </style> <script id="astra-theme-js-js-extra"> var astra = {"break_point":"921","isRtl":"","is_scroll_to_id":"","is_scroll_to_top":"","is_header_footer_builder_active":"1","responsive_cart_click":"flyout","revealEffectEnable":"","edit_post_url":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/post.php?post={{id}}&action=edit","ajax_url":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","infinite_count":"2","infinite_total":"3","pagination":"number","infinite_scroll_event":"scroll","no_more_post_message":"No more posts to show.","grid_layout":{"desktop":1,"tablet":1,"mobile":1},"site_url":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org","blogArchiveTitleLayout":"","blogArchiveTitleOn":"","show_comments":"Show Comments","masonryEnabled":"","blogMasonryBreakPoint":"0"}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/themes/astra/assets/js/minified/frontend.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-theme-js-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/dynamicconditions/Public/js/dynamic-conditions-public.js?ver=1.7.4" id="dynamic-conditions-js"></script> <script id="toc-front-js-extra"> var tocplus = {"visibility_show":"show","visibility_hide":"hide","width":"Auto"}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/table-of-contents-plus/front.min.js?ver=2411.1" id="toc-front-js"></script> <script id="astra-addon-js-js-extra"> var astraAddon = {"sticky_active":"","svgIconClose":"<span class=\"ast-icon icon-close\"><\/span>","hf_account_show_menu_on":"hover","hf_account_action_type":"link","hook_sticky_header":"enabled","hook_shrink_header":"enabled","hook_sticky_header_on_devices":"desktop","hook_custom_header_break_point":"921","header_main_stick":"0","header_above_stick":"0","header_below_stick":"0","stick_header_meta":"","header_main_stick_meta":"","header_above_stick_meta":"","header_below_stick_meta":"","sticky_header_on_devices":"desktop","sticky_header_style":"none","sticky_hide_on_scroll":"0","break_point":"921","tablet_break_point":"921","mobile_break_point":"544","header_main_shrink":"1","header_logo_width":"","responsive_header_logo_width":{"desktop":"","tablet":"","mobile":""},"stick_origin_position":"","site_layout":"","site_content_width":"1340","site_layout_padded_width":"1200","site_layout_box_width":"1200","header_builder_active":"1","component_limit":"10","is_header_builder_active":"1"}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/uploads/astra-addon/astra-addon-673e50d96e0900-26796002.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-addon-js-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/astra-addon/assets/js/minified/purify.min.js?ver=4.8.6" id="astra-dom-purify-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/lib/smartmenus/jquery.smartmenus.min.js?ver=1.2.1" id="smartmenus-js"></script> <script id="eael-general-js-extra"> var localize = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"c2e67b7adb","i18n":{"added":"Added ","compare":"Compare","loading":"Loading..."},"eael_translate_text":{"required_text":"is a required field","invalid_text":"Invalid","billing_text":"Billing","shipping_text":"Shipping","fg_mfp_counter_text":"of"},"page_permalink":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/commentary\/learned-7-year-old-outcome-election\/","cart_redirectition":"","cart_page_url":"","el_breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1100,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/essential-addons-for-elementor-lite/assets/front-end/js/view/general.min.js?ver=6.0.10" id="eael-general-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/webpack-pro.runtime.min.js?ver=3.25.4" id="elementor-pro-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/webpack.runtime.min.js?ver=3.25.9" id="elementor-webpack-runtime-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend-modules.min.js?ver=3.25.9" id="elementor-frontend-modules-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js?ver=4d63a3d491d11ffd8ac6" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js?ver=5e580eb46a90c2b997e6" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script id="elementor-pro-frontend-js-before"> var ElementorProFrontendConfig = {"ajaxurl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","nonce":"ec8c9a6807","urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/assets\/","rest":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-json\/"},"settings":{"lazy_load_background_images":true},"popup":{"hasPopUps":false},"shareButtonsNetworks":{"facebook":{"title":"Facebook","has_counter":true},"twitter":{"title":"Twitter"},"linkedin":{"title":"LinkedIn","has_counter":true},"pinterest":{"title":"Pinterest","has_counter":true},"reddit":{"title":"Reddit","has_counter":true},"vk":{"title":"VK","has_counter":true},"odnoklassniki":{"title":"OK","has_counter":true},"tumblr":{"title":"Tumblr"},"digg":{"title":"Digg"},"skype":{"title":"Skype"},"stumbleupon":{"title":"StumbleUpon","has_counter":true},"mix":{"title":"Mix"},"telegram":{"title":"Telegram"},"pocket":{"title":"Pocket","has_counter":true},"xing":{"title":"XING","has_counter":true},"whatsapp":{"title":"WhatsApp"},"email":{"title":"Email"},"print":{"title":"Print"},"x-twitter":{"title":"X"},"threads":{"title":"Threads"}}, "facebook_sdk":{"lang":"en_US","app_id":""},"lottie":{"defaultAnimationUrl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor-pro\/modules\/lottie\/assets\/animations\/default.json"}}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.25.4" id="elementor-pro-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-includes/js/jquery/ui/core.min.js?ver=1.13.3" id="jquery-ui-core-js"></script> <script id="elementor-frontend-js-before"> var elementorFrontendConfig = {"environmentMode":{"edit":false,"wpPreview":false,"isScriptDebug":false},"i18n":{"shareOnFacebook":"Share on Facebook","shareOnTwitter":"Share on Twitter","pinIt":"Pin it","download":"Download","downloadImage":"Download image","fullscreen":"Fullscreen","zoom":"Zoom","share":"Share","playVideo":"Play Video","previous":"Previous","next":"Next","close":"Close","a11yCarouselWrapperAriaLabel":"Carousel | Horizontal scrolling: Arrow Left & Right","a11yCarouselPrevSlideMessage":"Previous slide","a11yCarouselNextSlideMessage":"Next slide","a11yCarouselFirstSlideMessage":"This is the first slide","a11yCarouselLastSlideMessage":"This is the last slide","a11yCarouselPaginationBulletMessage":"Go to slide"},"is_rtl":false,"breakpoints":{"xs":0,"sm":480,"md":768,"lg":1101,"xl":1440,"xxl":1600},"responsive":{"breakpoints":{"mobile":{"label":"Mobile Portrait","value":767,"default_value":767,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"mobile_extra":{"label":"Mobile Landscape","value":880,"default_value":880,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"tablet":{"label":"Tablet Portrait","value":1100,"default_value":1024,"direction":"max","is_enabled":true},"tablet_extra":{"label":"Tablet Landscape","value":1200,"default_value":1200,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"laptop":{"label":"Laptop","value":1366,"default_value":1366,"direction":"max","is_enabled":false},"widescreen":{"label":"Widescreen","value":2400,"default_value":2400,"direction":"min","is_enabled":false}}, "hasCustomBreakpoints":true},"version":"3.25.9","is_static":false,"experimentalFeatures":{"additional_custom_breakpoints":true,"e_swiper_latest":true,"e_nested_atomic_repeaters":true,"e_optimized_control_loading":true,"e_optimized_markup":true,"e_onboarding":true,"e_css_smooth_scroll":true,"theme_builder_v2":true,"home_screen":true,"landing-pages":true,"nested-elements":true,"editor_v2":true,"e_element_cache":true,"link-in-bio":true,"floating-buttons":true},"urls":{"assets":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/elementor\/assets\/","ajaxurl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-admin\/admin-ajax.php","uploadUrl":"https:\/\/shorensteincenter.org\/wp-content\/uploads"},"nonces":{"floatingButtonsClickTracking":"8e89fa0ba1"},"swiperClass":"swiper","settings":{"editorPreferences":[]},"kit":{"viewport_tablet":1100,"active_breakpoints":["viewport_mobile","viewport_tablet"],"global_image_lightbox":"yes","lightbox_enable_counter":"yes","lightbox_enable_fullscreen":"yes","lightbox_enable_zoom":"yes","lightbox_enable_share":"yes","lightbox_title_src":"title","lightbox_description_src":"description"},"post":{"id":0,"title":"Commentaries Archive | Shorenstein Center","excerpt":""}}; </script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor/assets/js/frontend.min.js?ver=3.25.9" id="elementor-frontend-js"></script> <script src="https://shorensteincenter.org/wp-content/plugins/elementor-pro/assets/js/elements-handlers.min.js?ver=3.25.4" id="pro-elements-handlers-js"></script> <style> .unlimited-elements-background-overlay{ position:absolute; top:0px; left:0px; width:100%; height:100%; z-index:0; } .unlimited-elements-background-overlay.uc-bg-front{ z-index:999; } </style> <script type='text/javascript'> jQuery(document).ready(function(){ function ucBackgroundOverlayPutStart(){ var objBG = jQuery(".unlimited-elements-background-overlay").not(".uc-bg-attached"); if(objBG.length == 0) return(false); objBG.each(function(index, bgElement){ var objBgElement = jQuery(bgElement); var targetID = objBgElement.data("forid"); var location = objBgElement.data("location"); switch(location){ case "body": case "body_front": var objTarget = jQuery("body"); break; case "layout": case "layout_front": var objLayout = jQuery("*[data-id=\""+targetID+"\"]"); var objTarget = objLayout.parents(".elementor"); if(objTarget.length > 1) objTarget = jQuery(objTarget[0]); break; default: var objTarget = jQuery("*[data-id=\""+targetID+"\"]"); break; } if(objTarget.length == 0) return(true); var objVideoContainer = objTarget.children(".elementor-background-video-container"); if(objVideoContainer.length == 1) objBgElement.detach().insertAfter(objVideoContainer).show(); else objBgElement.detach().prependTo(objTarget).show(); var objTemplate = objBgElement.children("template"); if(objTemplate.length){ var clonedContent = objTemplate[0].content.cloneNode(true); var objScripts = jQuery(clonedContent).find("script"); if(objScripts.length) objScripts.attr("type","text/javascript"); objBgElement.append(clonedContent); objTemplate.remove(); } objBgElement.trigger("bg_attached"); objBgElement.addClass("uc-bg-attached"); }); } ucBackgroundOverlayPutStart(); jQuery( document ).on( 'elementor/popup/show', ucBackgroundOverlayPutStart); jQuery( "body" ).on( 'uc_dom_updated', ucBackgroundOverlayPutStart); }); </script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> </body> </html>