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name="description" content="（ジュバ）－南スーダンの監獄は、不適切な手続き、不法拘禁、劣悪な環境などの問題を抱えており、新たな国に芽生えつつある司法制度には早急な改革が必要だ、とヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは本日発表の報告書内で述べた。報告書「監獄の現状：南スーダンにおける恣意的拘禁」（全105ページ）は、適正手続違反、パターン化した違法な自由はく奪、被拘禁者が生活する監獄内の許され難い苛酷な環境などについて詳細に調査して取りまとめた報告書。本調査は2011年7月9日の南スーダン独立をはさみ、10カ月間行われた。"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130513004810cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?v"/> <link type="text/css" rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/web/20130513004810cs_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_css/css_6c83f747c843d88cab2c29d54662b761_1.css"/>   <script type="text/javascript" src="/web/20130513004810js_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/advagg_js/js_a0facbb2f662de846459c37900f3f845_1.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript"> <![CDATA[//><!]]> </script> <meta name="robots" content="noarchive"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Human Rights Watch - News" 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class="meta date"> <span class="created">2012年06月26日</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004810/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F26-0&count=horizontal&via=&text=%E5%8D%97%E3%82%B9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%80%E3%83%B3%EF%BC%9A%E6%81%A3%E6%84%8F%E7%9A%84%E6%8B%98%E7%A6%81%E3%80%80%E3%80%80%E5%8A%A3%E6%82%AA%E3%81%AA%E7%9B%A3%E7%8D%84%E7%92%B0%E5%A2%83&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Fja%2Fnews%2F2012%2F06%2F26-0" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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<div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004810/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>Inmates in Bentiu Prison, Unity State, sitting in the prison courtyard. As of November 2011, 93 percent of the prison population was male, and 30 percent of inmates were on remand, awaiting the completion of police investigations or trials.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004810im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130513004810/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>Inmates in Bentiu Prison, Unity State, sitting in the prison courtyard. As of November 2011, 93 percent of the prison population was male, and 30 percent of inmates were on remand, awaiting the completion of police investigations or trials. </p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2010 Pete Muller</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> 南スーダンで拘禁されている人びとの経験から、新たな司法制度が抱える重大な欠陥がみえてくる。南スーダンは生まれたての国で、人権と尊厳を擁護する機能的な司法制度を大変必要としている。それが、法の支配とアカウンタビリティを築く重要な礎となるだろう。 </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> ダニエル・ベケレ、アフリカ局長 </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p align="left">（ジュバ）－南スーダンの監獄は、不適切な手続き、不法拘禁、劣悪な環境などの問題を抱えており、新たな国に芽生えつつある司法制度には早急な改革が必要だ、とヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは本日発表の報告書内で述べた。</p> <p align="left">報告書「<a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130513004810/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/06/25/prison-not-me"><u>監獄の現状：南スーダンにおける恣意的拘禁</u></a>」（全105ページ）は、適正手続違反、パターン化した違法な自由はく奪、被拘禁者が生活する監獄内の許され難い苛酷な環境などについて詳細に調査して取りまとめた報告書。本調査は2011年7月9日の南スーダン独立をはさみ、10カ月間行われた。</p> <p align="left">ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチのアフリカ局長ダニエル・ベケレは、「南スーダンで拘禁されている人びとの経験から、新たな司法制度が抱える重大な欠陥がみえてくる」と指摘する。「南スーダンは生まれたての国で、人権と尊厳を擁護する機能的な司法制度を大変必要としている。それが、法の支配とアカウンタビリティを築く重要な礎となるだろう。」</p> <p align="left">本調査は、南スーダン内にある79の監獄のうち、最大の囚人数を有する地域にある12の監獄で行われた。ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチは250人超の囚人、様々な司法関係者、更生施設職員、警察官、検察官、伝統的な権威者などからの聞き取り調査を実施した。</p> <p align="left">調査員たちは、刑事司法制度全般における極めて多くの人権面の問題を明らかにした。</p> <p align="left">南スーダンの監獄に拘束されているおよそ6,000人のうち、3分の1が有罪判決を受けていない。中には起訴もされないまま、警察官や検察官、裁判官が事件処理の手続きを取るのを、拘禁されたまま長期間にわたり待たされている人もいる。</p> <p align="left">被拘禁者の大多数は弁護士を頼む金銭的余裕がない上、同国にはしっかりした司法支援体制が整っていない。法的支援を得られず、容疑の深刻さについて理解できない人や、あるいは弁護のための証人を呼んだり準備することができない人びとに対しても、長期刑や、時として死刑判決さえ下される実態が明らかになった。</p> <p align="left">刑事司法制度に対する不満と戸惑いは、多くの被拘禁者に共有されている。殺人容疑をかけられたある男性囚人は、「ここに5年いるけど、[中略]裁判官にはお目にかかったこともない。事件はまだ法廷に持ち込まれてもいないし、検事総長も警察も法律なんて知らないんだよ」と話す。</p> <p align="left">南スーダンでは、地域の族長が統括する慣習的な法廷が公式な法廷と共存するシステムになっている。これが、「適正手続を経た裁判の権利」保障に関する懸念となっている。ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチの調査員たちは、正式な法律研修を受けていない族長によって、南スーダン刑法には存在しない犯罪で投獄された多くの人びとにも出会った。こうした法廷はある面で正式な法廷よりもアクセスしやすく、効率的ではあるものの、その刑事所轄権と刑罰権限については十分に明確とはいえない。</p> <p align="left">聞き取り調査に応じた多くの被拘禁者は、不倫や駆け落ちといった婚姻生活上の、または性的な違反容疑で収監されていた。が、不倫や駆け落ちは、プライバシーや自ら配偶者を選択するといった国際法が保護する権利に反する、成文法や慣習法に規定された犯罪行為である。また、多くの場合ウシの頭数で定められる借金の返済や、裁判所が命じた罰金あるいは賠償金の支払いができないために、無限の拘禁を命じられた人びともいた。釈放時期については全く分からないという。</p> <p align="left">投獄されている人びとの中には、裁判を受けていないだけでなく起訴さえされていない人がいた。更には、親族や友人を出頭させるための身代わりとして拘禁されている人もいる。約90人にいたっては、精神障がいを患っているとみられるという理由だけで投獄されていた。南スーダン国民は数十年にわたる戦争のトラウマに苦悩しているが、同国には精神医療施設が存在しない。精神障がいの兆候がある人びとは、適切な治療を受けられる医療施設がないため、しばしば即座に監獄送りとなる。</p> <p align="left">前出のベケレ局長は、「南スーダンの多くの囚人は、問題のある逮捕や起訴で投獄され、確固たる法的正当性もないまま拘禁され、あるいは全くもって犯罪とされるべきでない行為を理由に刑を科されている。これは基本的人権や自由の侵害である」と述べる。「こうした拘禁は恣意的であり、結果、国際法上違法だ。そして多くの場合、南スーダン憲法と法律にも違反している。」</p> <p align="left">人びとが投獄される方法や理由について問題があることに加えて、南スーダン監獄の環境が苛酷であることも問題を深刻にしている。監獄施設は原始的というべき状態で、中には損壊し崩壊しかかっているものもある。囚人房は不衛生で極めて過密な状態で、十分な換気装置も備えられていない。</p> <p align="left">食事も十分ではなく、飲料水さえ不足している監獄もある。囚人は病気にかかりやすい状況にあるが、自分で薬代を払えるようなことがない限り、病気になっても治療を受けられることはめったにない。2011年中だけでもアウェイル監獄で10人、ベンティウ監獄で少なくとも5人が死亡。ほとんどが治療可能な病気による死亡だった。</p> <p align="left">規律に違反をすると、看守に決まって棒や杖、ムチで殴らる、と監獄の人びとは訴えていた。一部は常に重い足かせに繋がれていたが、このような措置は、拘束器具の使用に関する国内および国際的基準に違反する上、残酷で非人間的かつ尊厳を傷つける刑罰に相当する。</p> <p align="left">ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチが訪れたすべての監獄で、子どもが成人と一緒に拘禁されおり、南スーダン児童法（South Sudan’s Child Act）で義務づけられた社会復帰プログラムや適切な教育機会は提供されていなかった。</p> <p align="left">国際援助国・機関の関心の多くは監獄の建設に集中しているが、環境の改善と最低基準の確保にも、焦点を当てるべきだ。また、原油の生産・輸出停止という南スーダンの2月の決定を受け、全政府機関の予算が近ごろ削減されたことを踏まえると、援助国・機関の支援は、緊急時食料と医療ケアのカバーにも求められる。</p> <p align="left">司法省と内務省および司法部は、国際機関と援助国の支援を受けながら、全囚人の調書の再検討を緊急の優先課題にすべきだ。拘禁を続ける法的根拠のない囚人を特定し、拘禁継続が厳格に正当化された場合を除き、釈放しなければならない。事件の再検証と司法分野内での協力強化は、恣意的な拘禁をなくすための一歩となるほか、囚人数削減が進み、相当額の支出が不必要になるとみられる。</p> <p align="left">加えて、南スーダン政府は、警察官や検察官、裁判官向けの適正手続と公正な裁判に関する十分な研修制度を確立すべきだ。現行の研修プログラムは研修の幅も深みも足りず、ヒューマン・ライツ・ウォッチが今回指摘した問題の一部に対応できる内容となっていない。また、政府は、有効な司法支援制度を構築する必要があるものの、これにも援助国・機関の支援が必要である。</p> <p align="left">司法審査前の拘禁の期間を制限したり、慣習的法廷における刑事管轄権を明確にしたり、不倫や債務返済不履行を理由とする投獄をなくすには、広範な司法改革・行政改革が必要だ。それに、精神障がいの兆候を示したという理由で人びとを恣意的に投獄するのを、当局は即刻停止すべきだ。また、精神障がいを患う人びとの治療へのアクセスを確保する措置を導入することも必要だ。</p> <p align="left">前出のベケレ局長は「犯罪をおかした人びとは、法に従って処罰されるべきではある」と述べる。続けて、「しかし、人の自由の剥奪は、政府がなし得るもっとも強力な制裁措置のひとつである。だからこそ、それは適正手続に従い、南スーダンの法律や国際的な人権保護の義務に沿って行われる必要がある。」と指摘する。 </p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130513004810/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/06/21-2" title="جنوب السودان: اعتقالات 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南スーダン：恣意的拘禁 劣悪な監獄環境 | Human Rights Watch

南スーダン：恣意的拘禁　　劣悪な監獄環境 | Human Rights Watch