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multinational corporation</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: multinational corporation"> <meta name="keywords" content="multinational corporation"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="multinational corporation"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 317</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: multinational corporation</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">317</span> Multi-National Corporations and International Communication. An Analysis of Arçelik globals’ Online Presences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aisha%20Iddrsiu">Aisha Iddrsiu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Public Relations (PR) has rapidly evolved around the world, just as companies have expanded to reach other parts of the world. With most multinational corporations conducting businesses in more than one country, only a few of these Multinational Corporations (MNC’s) are actual public relations firms, many have public relations departments or divisions that conduct public relations practices internationally. Hence international public relations is seen as a fast-growing specialty in the field of Public Relations. Multinational companies have devised strategies to effectively communicate and execute their roles within and between foreign publics and other cultures in which they operate through various means including the internet which is among the major inventions that have enabled corporations to establish their presents while targeting anonymous and diverse publics from varied cultures. International public relations practitioners rely on strategies coupled with internet use to communicate among and with foreign publics. Corporate websites and various social media handles have served as an important channel for public relations activities targeting both internal and international publics. In an incessant expansion of corporations and interactions with the publics from different cultures, it has become eminent to understand the public relation strategies used by MNCs in their international communication. This study therefore seeks to establish the international public relation strategies or models employed by Multinational Corporations specifically Arcelik Global in the management of its subsidiaries and communicating with international public. This study analyses both Arçelik global’s (one of the largest multinational companies in Turkey) website and social media accounts to understand the management strategy used with it subsidiary as well as strategies used to communicate with its global and local publics. Other underlying objective of this study are, 1. To examine the dominant international public relations models used by Multinational Corporations (Arcelik global). 2. To understand how Multinational Corporations manage (Arcelik global) its subsidiaries. 3. To understand how Multinational Corporations (Arcelik global) communicate with international or global publics. Research Questions 1. The main global PR strategies employed by multinational corporations (Arcelik global) 2. How subsidiaries of multinational corporations like Arcelik Global are managed. 3. How multinational corporations, like Arcelik worldwide, interact with international publics. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation" title="multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ethnocentric%20model" title=" ethnocentric model"> ethnocentric model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=polycentric%20model" title=" polycentric model"> polycentric model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20public%20relations" title=" international public relations"> international public relations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169830/multi-national-corporations-and-international-communication-an-analysis-of-arcelik-globals-online-presences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/169830.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">87</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">316</span> Artificial Intelligent Tax Simulator to Minimize Tax Liability for Multinational Corporations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sean%20Goltz">Sean Goltz</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Mayo"> Michael Mayo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this research is to use Global-Regulation.com database of the world laws, focusing on tax treaties between countries, in order to create an AI-driven tax simulator that will run an AI agent through potential tax scenarios across countries. The AI agent goal is to identify the scenario that will result in minimum tax liability based on tax treaties between countries. The results will be visualized by a three dimensional matrix. This will be an online web application. Multinational corporations are running their business through multiple countries. These countries, in turn, have a tax treaty with many other countries to regulate the payment of taxes on income that is transferred between these countries. As a result, planning the best tax scenario across multiple countries and numerous tax treaties is almost impossible. This research propose to use Global-Regulation.com database of word laws in English (machine translated by Google and Microsoft API’s) in order to create a simulator that will include the information in the tax treaties. Once ready, an AI agent will be sent through the simulator to identify the scenario that will result in minimum tax liability. Identifying the best tax scenario across countries may save multinational corporations, like Google, billions of dollars annually. Given the nature of the raw data and the domain of taxes (i.e., numbers), this is a promising ground to employ artificial intelligence towards a practical and beneficial purpose. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taxation" title="taxation">taxation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=law" title=" law"> law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational" title=" multinational"> multinational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporation" title=" corporation"> corporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81394/artificial-intelligent-tax-simulator-to-minimize-tax-liability-for-multinational-corporations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/81394.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">200</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">315</span> Legal Regulations for the Environmental Pollution of Multinational Corporations in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Rui">Zhang Rui</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Multinational corporations have significantly increased their investment in China due to their strong economic strength and advanced production technology. On the one hand, this has promoted the development of China's economy, created a large amount of tax revenue for China's finance, and brought huge economic benefits to China's economic development. On the other hand, it has also consumed huge resources in China and even caused serious environmental damage, which has attracted widespread attention from all sectors of society to the environmental violations committed by multinational corporations in China. Due to the incomplete legal regulation of environmental responsibility of multinational corporations in China, there are legal gaps that provide convenient conditions for them to transfer pollution. These multinational corporations in China will take advantage of the loopholes in Chinese laws and even achieve "zero pollution" in their home country's environmental protection, but their branches in China only meet the minimum standards stipulated by Chinese environmental protection laws. Therefore, the differential treatment of environmental protection by multinational corporations urgently needs to be regulated from a legal perspective in China to promote the balance and harmony between ecological environment protection and economic development. At present, the environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China has received widespread attention from Chinese scholars. Through research on the environmental pollution and legal aspects of multinational corporations in China, it not only helps to enrich the theoretical research results of environmental pollution and legal regulation of multinational corporations in China, but also promotes the continuous improvement of the relevant legal system for environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China, so as to effectively regulate the environmental pollution caused by multinational corporations in China in practice, and provide legal basis for the governance of environmental violations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20law" title="international law">international law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20law" title=" environmental law"> environmental law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporations" title=" multinational corporations"> multinational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=jurisdiction" title=" jurisdiction"> jurisdiction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193085/legal-regulations-for-the-environmental-pollution-of-multinational-corporations-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/193085.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">20</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">314</span> Marketing Strategy Adjustment of Multinational Companines in China in the New Period</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Junwei">Xue Junwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The rapid economic development of China has made it a critical global market. Multinational companies operating in China face evolving challenges, necessitating adjustments in their marketing strategies. This study uses SWOT analysis and qualitative research methods to explore the trends and countermeasures for adjusting the marketing strategies of multinational companies in China. The research employs the SWOT analysis, quantitative as well as qualitative research techniques to investigate the marketing strategy adjustments of multinational companies in China. The study reveals emerging trends and proposes strategic countermeasures for multinational companies to adapt their marketing strategies in the Chinese market. This research contributes to the existing literature by providing insights into the dynamic environment of multinational companies in China and offering practical recommendations for strategy adjustments. Data were collected using qualitative research methods, including interviews and case studies, and quantitative research methods, such as questionnaires to study multinational companies in China. The collected data were analyzed using SWOT analysis to identify the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats faced by multinational companies in China, guiding the formulation of effective marketing strategies. This study addresses the challenges faced by multinational companies in China, the need for strategic adjustments, and the potential approaches to enhancing marketing effectiveness in this market. The study emphasizes the significance of adapting marketing strategies to align with the changing landscape of the Chinese market. It provides actionable recommendations for multinational companies to thrive in this environment. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20company" title="multinational company">multinational company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing%20strategies" title=" marketing strategies"> marketing strategies</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chinese%20market" title=" Chinese market"> Chinese market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SWOT" title=" SWOT"> SWOT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194161/marketing-strategy-adjustment-of-multinational-companines-in-china-in-the-new-period" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194161.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">13</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">313</span> Research on Localized Operations of Multinational Companies in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zheng%20Ruoyuan">Zheng Ruoyuan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With the rapid development of economic globalization and increasingly fierce international competition, multinational companies have carried out investment strategy shifts and innovations, and actively promoted localization strategies. Localization strategies have become the main trend in the development of multinational companies. Large-scale entry of multinational companies China has a history of more than 20 years. With the sustained and steady growth of China's economy and the optimization of the investment environment, multinational companies' investment in China has expanded rapidly, which has also had an important impact on the Chinese economy: promoting employment, foreign exchange reserves, and improving the system. etc., has brought a lot of high-tech and advanced management experience; but it has also brought challenges and survival pressure to China's local enterprises. In recent years, multinational companies have gradually regarded China as an important part of their global strategies and began to invest in China. Actively promote localization strategies, including production, marketing, scientific research and development, etc. Many multinational companies have achieved good results in localized operations in China. Not only have their benefits continued to improve, but they have also established a good corporate image and brand in China. image, which has greatly improved their competitiveness in the international market. However, there are also some multinational companies that have difficulties in localized operations in China. This article will closely follow the background of economic globalization and comprehensively use the theory of multinational companies and strategic management theory and business management theory, using data and facts as the entry point, combined with typical cases of representative significance for analysis, to conduct a systematic study of the localized operations of multinational companies in China. At the same time, for each specific link of the operation of multinational companies, we provide multinational enterprises with some inspirations and references. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=localization" title="localization">localization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20management" title=" business management"> business management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational" title=" multinational"> multinational</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title=" marketing"> marketing</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184563/research-on-localized-operations-of-multinational-companies-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/184563.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">52</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">312</span> The Impacts of Cultural Differences on Consumer Behavior when Multinational Corporations Enter the Chinese Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xue%20Junwei">Xue Junwei</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the global economy, multinational corporations face challenges due to cultural differences impacting consumer behavior. Understanding these influences is vital for effective business decisions in the Chinese market. This study aims to analyze how cultural differences affect consumer behavior when multinational corporations enter the Chinese market, using cultural dimensions theory to derive marketing mix strategies. The study employs statistical analysis of cultural dimensions to investigate the impact on consumer behavior and derive marketing strategies for multinational corporations entering the Chinese market. Furthermore, this study enhances the study by incorporating qualitative data to complement the statistical analysis, providing a more comprehensive understanding of cultural impacts on consumer behavior. The study reveals significant implications of cultural differences on consumer behavior and provides insights into tailored marketing mix strategies for multinational corporations in the Chinese market. This research contributes to the theoretical understanding of how cultural dimensions influence consumer behavior and provides practical implications for multinational corporations entering the Chinese market. Data on cultural dimensions are collected and analyzed statistically and qualitatively to understand their impact on consumer behavior and derive effective marketing strategies. This study concludes that cultural differences have a profound impact on consumer behavior in the Chinese market, and understanding these nuances is crucial for the success of multinational corporations. Tailored marketing strategies are essential for navigating these cultural challenges. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marketing" title="marketing">marketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20company" title=" multinational company"> multinational company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=globalization" title=" globalization"> globalization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20differences" title=" cultural differences"> cultural differences</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194160/the-impacts-of-cultural-differences-on-consumer-behavior-when-multinational-corporations-enter-the-chinese-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/194160.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">10</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">311</span> “It Isn’t a State Problem”: The Minas Conga Mine Controversy and Exemplifying the Need for Binding International Obligations on Corporate Actors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cindy%20Woods">Cindy Woods</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> After years of implacable neoliberal globalization, multinational corporations have moved from the periphery to the center of the international legal agenda. Human rights advocates have long called for greater corporate accountability in the international arena. The creation of the Global Compact in 2000, while aimed at fostering greater corporate respect for human rights, did not silence these calls. After multiple unsuccessful attempts to adopt a set of norms relating to the human rights responsibilities of transnational corporations, the United Nations succeeded in 2008 with the Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (Guiding Principles). The Guiding Principles, praised by some within the international human rights community for their recognition of an individual corporate responsibility to respect human rights, have not escaped their share of criticism. Many view the Guiding Principles to be toothless, failing to directly impose obligations upon corporations, and call for binding international obligations on corporate entities. After decades of attempting to promulgate human rights obligations for multinational corporations, the existing legal frameworks in place fall short of protecting individuals from the human rights abuses of multinational corporations. The Global Compact and Guiding Principles are proof of the United Nations’ unwillingness to impose international legal obligations on corporate actors. In June 2014, the Human Rights Council adopted a resolution to draft international legally binding human rights norms for business entities; however, key players in the international arena have already announced they will not cooperate with such efforts. This Note, through an overview of the existing corporate accountability frameworks and a study of Newmont Mining’s Minas Conga project in Peru, argues that binding international human rights obligations on corporations are necessary to fully protect human rights. Where states refuse to or simply cannot uphold their duty to protect individuals from transnational businesses’ human rights transgressions, there must exist mechanisms to pursue justice directly against the multinational corporation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=business%20and%20human%20rights" title="business and human rights">business and human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Latin%20America" title=" Latin America"> Latin America</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20treaty%20on%20business%20and%20human%20rights" title=" international treaty on business and human rights"> international treaty on business and human rights</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mining" title=" mining"> mining</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=human%20rights" title=" human rights "> human rights </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26626/it-isnt-a-state-problem-the-minas-conga-mine-controversy-and-exemplifying-the-need-for-binding-international-obligations-on-corporate-actors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26626.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">501</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">310</span> The General Trend of FDI and the Effects of These Investments for Countries: 2000-2013</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Esra%20Cebeci">Esra Cebeci</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> As a result of acceleration of globalization in the 21st century economic boundaries are removed. With liberalization of capital and foreign trade, not only developed countries but also developing countries get into rapid growth efforts. In developing countries, one of the most important problem is insufficient capital accumulation. For reduce this deficit, one of the general approaches that is offered increasing amount of foreign direct investments. Also, in developing countries saving rates are low. So, foreign direct investments make possible an increase for domestic savings. In this regard, the multinational corporations are capable of these investments have importance. By providing micro-macro effects for countries, demand for these firms are many. These effects in general positive, some negative effects may able to come into being especially for developing countries. Foreign direct investments are performed buying an existing corporation, merging or greenfield investments. In recent, foreign direct investments are performed as a green field investments for developing countries. The study aims to analysis foreign direct investment trends for 2000-2013 years. In the first part of this study, the importance of foreign direct investments and their determinants are explained. In the second part, the article also shows that comparative analysis of the inward and outward investments for developing and developed countries. In conclusion, while developed countries can stand competition against other countries with these investments, developing countries can provide a sustainable growth with capital inflows. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20direct%20investments" title="foreign direct investments">foreign direct investments</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporations" title=" multinational corporations"> multinational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=determinants%20of%20FDI" title=" determinants of FDI"> determinants of FDI</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=FDI%20trend" title=" FDI trend "> FDI trend </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25319/the-general-trend-of-fdi-and-the-effects-of-these-investments-for-countries-2000-2013" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25319.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">405</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">309</span> The Human Resource Management Systems and Practices of Multinational Companies in Their Nigerian Subsidiaries</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suwaiba%20Sabiu%20Bako">Suwaiba Sabiu Bako</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yaw%20Debrah"> Yaw Debrah</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In spite of the extensive literature available on the human resource management (HRM) systems and practices of multinational companies (MNCs) from developed countries, there are gaps concerning emerging countries’ multinational companies’ (EMNCs) HRM systems and practices. This study examines the transfer of HRM practices in Nigerian subsidiaries of MNCs from South Africa. It reveals that South MNCs hybridise their recruitment and selection processes and localise their compensation and employee relations. It also proves that performance appraisal, talent management and code of conduct practices are largely transferred to subsidiaries with minimal adaptation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EMNCs" title="EMNCs">EMNCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRM%20practices" title=" HRM practices"> HRM practices</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HRM%20systems" title=" HRM systems"> HRM systems</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nigeria" title=" Nigeria"> Nigeria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=South%20Africa" title=" South Africa"> South Africa</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152029/the-human-resource-management-systems-and-practices-of-multinational-companies-in-their-nigerian-subsidiaries" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152029.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">113</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">308</span> Knowledge Capital and Manufacturing Firms’ Innovation Management: Exploring the Impact of Transboundary Investment and Assimilative Capacity.</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suleman%20Bawa">Suleman Bawa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ayiku%20Emmanuel%20Lartey"> Ayiku Emmanuel Lartey</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose - This paper aims to examine the association between knowledge capital and multinational firms’ innovation management. We again explored the impact of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity between knowledge capital and multinational firms’ innovation management. The vital position of knowledge capital and multinational firms’ innovation management in today’s increasingly volatile environment coupled with fierce competition has been extensively acknowledged by academics and industry investment capitals. Design/methodology/approach - The theoretical association model and an empirical correlation analysis were constructed based on relevant research using data collected from 19 multinational firms in Ghana as the subject, and path analysis was constructed using SPSS 22.0 and AMOS 24.0 to test the formulated hypotheses. Findings - Varied conclusions are drawn consequential from theoretical inferences and empirical tests. For multinational firms, knowledge capital relics positively significant to multinational firms’ innovation management. Multinational firms with advanced knowledge capital likely spawn greater corporations’ innovation management. Second, transboundary investment efficiently intermediates the association between knowledge physical capital, knowledge interactive capital, and corporations’ innovation management. At the same time, this impact is insignificant between knowledge of empirical capital and corporations’ innovation management. Lastly, the impact of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity on the association between knowledge capital and corporations’ innovation management is established. We summarized the implications for managers based on our outcomes. Research limitations/implications - Multinational firms must dynamically build knowledge capital to augment corporations’ innovation management. Conversely, knowledge capital motivates multinational firms to implement transboundary investment and cultivate assimilative capacity. Accordingly, multinational firms can efficiently exploit diverse information to augment their corporate innovation management. Practical implications – This paper presents a comprehensive justification of knowledge capital and manufacturing firms’ innovation management by exploring the impact of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity within the manufacturing industry, its sequential progress, and its associated challenges. Originality/value – This paper is amongst the first to find empirical results to back knowledge capital and manufacturing firms’ innovation management by exploring the impact of transboundary investment and assimilative capacity within the manufacturing industry. Additionally, aligning knowledge as a coordinative instrument is a significant input to our discernment in this area. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=knowledge%20capital" title="knowledge capital">knowledge capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=transboundary%20investment" title=" transboundary investment"> transboundary investment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=innovation%20management" title=" innovation management"> innovation management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assimilative%20capacity" title=" assimilative capacity"> assimilative capacity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175465/knowledge-capital-and-manufacturing-firms-innovation-management-exploring-the-impact-of-transboundary-investment-and-assimilative-capacity" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/175465.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">79</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">307</span> Corporate Law and Its View Point of Locking in Capital</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saad%20Saeed%20Althiabi">Saad Saeed Althiabi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses the corporate positioning and how it became popular as a way to systematize production because of the unique manner in which incorporation legalized organizers to secure financial capital through locking it in. The power to lock in capital comes from the fact that a corporate exists as a separate legal entity, whose survival and governance are separated from any of its participants. The law essentially creates a different legal person when a corporation is created. Although this idea has been played down in the legal learning of the last decades in favor of the view that a corporation is purely something through which natural persons interrelate, recent legal research has begun to reassess the importance of entity status. Entity status, under the law and the related separation of governance from input of financial capital through the configuration of a corporation, sanctioned corporate participants to do somewhat more than connect in a series of business transactions. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20law" title="corporate law">corporate law</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entity%20status" title=" entity status"> entity status</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=locking%20in%20capital" title=" locking in capital"> locking in capital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=financial%20capital" title=" financial capital"> financial capital</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23391/corporate-law-and-its-view-point-of-locking-in-capital" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23391.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">556</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">306</span> Antecedents of MNE Performance and Managing Firm-Specific and Country-Specific Advantages: An Empirical Study of Optoelectronics Industry in Taiwan</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jyh-Yi%20Shih">Jyh-Yi Shih</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chie-Bein%20Chen"> Chie-Bein Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuang-Yi%20Lin"> Kuang-Yi Lin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yu-Wei%20Huang"> Yu-Wei Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Because of the trend toward globalization, Taiwanese companies have gradually focused more on overseas market operations. Overseas market performance has gradually increased as a proportion of Taiwanese companies’ total business revenues. Existing international investment theories cannot explain numerous new phenomena in this domain. Opinions are inconsistent, and contradictory positions exist regarding the antecedents of multinational enterprise (MNE) performance. This study applied contemporary internalization theory to establish and extend approaches adopted by previous relevant studies. In the context of the overseas market, the influence that MNE investment in research and development (R&D) and marketing has on enterprise performance was investigated from the firm-specific advantages (FSAs) and country-specific advantages (CSAs) perspectives. CSAs and internationalization speed were addressed as moderators, and hypotheses regarding how internationalization and performance were achieved through MNE overseas market operation were explored to ensure the completeness of the investigation. The list of enterprises was sourced from the Taiwan Economic Journal. After examining the relevant data, the following conclusions were obtained: (a) The relationship between the level of FSAs in R&D and enterprise performance exhibited an S-shaped curve. (b) The relationship between the level of FSAs in marketing and enterprise performance displayed a U-shaped curve. (c) The extent to which potential CFAs were obtained positively moderated the relationship between enterprise investment in R&D to gain FSAs and MNE performance. (d) Internationalization speed positively moderated the relationship between MNEs and enterprise investment in R&D and marketing to gain FSAs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation" title="multinational corporation">multinational corporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=firm-specific%20advantages" title=" firm-specific advantages"> firm-specific advantages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=country-specific%20advantages" title=" country-specific advantages"> country-specific advantages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20speed" title=" international speed"> international speed</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7550/antecedents-of-mne-performance-and-managing-firm-specific-and-country-specific-advantages-an-empirical-study-of-optoelectronics-industry-in-taiwan" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/7550.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">395</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">305</span> Clash of Civilizations without Civilizational Groups: Revisiting Samuel P. Huntington's Clash of Civilizations Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Abdi">Jamal Abdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper offers a critique of Samuel P. Huntington's Clash of Civilizations thesis. The overriding argument is that Huntington's thesis is characterized by failure to distinguish between 'groups' and 'categories'. Multinational civilizations overcoming their internal collective action problems, which would enable them to pursue a unified strategy vis-à-vis the West, is a rather foundational assumption in his theory. Without assigning sufficient intellectual attention to the processes through which multinational civilizations may gain the capacity for concerted action, i.e., become a group, he contended that the post-cold-war world would be shaped in large measure by interactions among seven or eight major civilizations. Thus, failure in providing a convincing analysis of multi-national civilizations' transition from categories to groups is a significant weakness in Huntington's clash theory. It is also suggested that so-called Islamic terrorism and the war on terror is not to be taken as an expression of the presence of clash between a Western and an Islamic civilization, as terrorist organizations would be superfluous in a world characterized by clash of civilizations. Consequences of multinational civilizations becoming a group are discussed in relation to contemporary Western superiority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clash%20of%20civilizations" title="clash of civilizations">clash of civilizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groups" title=" groups"> groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=categories" title=" categories"> categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groupism" title=" groupism"> groupism</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96152/clash-of-civilizations-without-civilizational-groups-revisiting-samuel-p-huntingtons-clash-of-civilizations-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96152.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">304</span> Trait of Sales Professionals</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuichi%20Morita">Yuichi Morita</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yoshiteru%20Nakamori"> Yoshiteru Nakamori</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In car dealer business of Japan, a sale professional is a key factor of company’s success. We hypothesize that, if a corporation knows what is the sales professionals’ trait of its corporation’s business field, it will be easier for a corporation to secure and nurture sales persons effectively. The lean human resources management will ensure business success and good performance of corporations, especially small and medium ones. The goal of the paper is to determine the traits of sales professionals for small-and medium-size car dealers, using chi-square test and the variable rough set model. As a result, the results illustrate that experience of job change, learning ability and product knowledge are important, and an academic background, building a career with internal transfer, experience of the leader and self-development are not important to be a sale professional. Also, we illustrate sales professionals’ traits are persistence, humility, improvisation and passion at business. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=traits%20of%20sales%20professionals" title="traits of sales professionals">traits of sales professionals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=variable%20precision%20rough%20sets%20theory" title=" variable precision rough sets theory"> variable precision rough sets theory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sales%20professional" title=" sales professional"> sales professional</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sales%20professionals" title=" sales professionals"> sales professionals</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12741/trait-of-sales-professionals" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12741.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">383</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">303</span> Use of Analytic Hierarchy Process for Plant Site Selection</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muzaffar%20Shaikh">Muzaffar Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shoaib%20Shaikh"> Shoaib Shaikh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20Moyou"> Mark Moyou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gaby%20Hawat"> Gaby Hawat</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper presents the use of Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) in evaluating the site selection of a new plant by a corporation. Due to intense competition at a global level, multinational corporations are continuously striving to minimize production and shipping costs of their products. One key factor that plays significant role in cost minimization is where the production plant is located. In the U.S. for example, labor and land costs continue to be very high while they are much cheaper in countries such as India, China, Indonesia, etc. This is why many multinational U.S. corporations (e.g. General Electric, Caterpillar Inc., Ford, General Motors, etc.), have shifted their manufacturing plants outside. The continued expansion of the Internet and its availability along with technological advances in computer hardware and software all around the globe have facilitated U.S. corporations to expand abroad as they seek to reduce production cost. In particular, management of multinational corporations is constantly engaged in concentrating on countries at a broad level, or cities within specific countries where certain or all parts of their end products or the end products themselves can be manufactured cheaper than in the U.S. AHP is based on preference ratings of a specific decision maker who can be the Chief Operating Officer of a company or his/her designated data analytics engineer. It serves as a tool to first evaluate the plant site selection criteria and second, alternate plant sites themselves against these criteria in a systematic manner. Examples of site selection criteria are: Transportation Modes, Taxes, Energy Modes, Labor Force Availability, Labor Rates, Raw Material Availability, Political Stability, Land Costs, etc. As a necessary first step under AHP, evaluation criteria and alternate plant site countries are identified. Depending upon the fidelity of analysis, specific cities within a country can also be chosen as alternative facility locations. AHP experience in this type of analysis indicates that the initial analysis can be performed at the Country-level. Once a specific country is chosen via AHP, secondary analyses can be performed by selecting specific cities or counties within a country. AHP analysis is usually based on preferred ratings of a decision-maker (e.g., 1 to 5, 1 to 7, or 1 to 9, etc., where 1 means least preferred and a 5 means most preferred). The decision-maker assigns preferred ratings first, criterion vs. criterion and creates a Criteria Matrix. Next, he/she assigns preference ratings by alternative vs. alternative against each criterion. Once this data is collected, AHP is applied to first get the rank-ordering of criteria. Next, rank-ordering of alternatives is done against each criterion resulting in an Alternative Matrix. Finally, overall rank ordering of alternative facility locations is obtained by matrix multiplication of Alternative Matrix and Criteria Matrix. The most practical aspect of AHP is the ‘what if’ analysis that the decision-maker can conduct after the initial results to provide valuable sensitivity information of specific criteria to other criteria and alternatives. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=analytic%20hierarchy%20process" title="analytic hierarchy process">analytic hierarchy process</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporations" title=" multinational corporations"> multinational corporations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=plant%20site%20selection" title=" plant site selection"> plant site selection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=preference%20ratings" title=" preference ratings"> preference ratings</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64129/use-of-analytic-hierarchy-process-for-plant-site-selection" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">288</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">302</span> Corporate Social Responsibility vs Corporate Social Reactivity: An Exploration of Corporate Social Responsibility Planning in a Multinational Oil and Gas in Indonesia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Endang%20Ghani%20Ashfiya">Endang Ghani Ashfiya</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study explores corporate social responsibility (CSR) planning in a downstream business of multinational oil and gas company in Indonesia from managerial perspectives. The institutional logic is employed in this research to gain a comprehensive understanding of the way the MNC manages the socio-cultural aspects in the host countries, especially in the process of translation and adaptation of the company’s CSR global guidelines. The interviews are conducted with fifteen managers in that company, both at the top managerial level and operational level. In the beginning, this research explains the Indonesian society’s conception of CSR from the managerial standpoints. The society’s understanding of the CSR concept becomes the fundamental foundations of the company in developing CSR programs. This study found the company’s approach to its CSR in two ways. First, proactive CSR which reflects the global CSR guidelines. Second, reactive CSR which do not show any explicit relations to the global guidelines, but conform with society’s demands. The findings stimulate discussions regarding the power of an MNC vis-à-vis the socio-cultural implication in society’s demand for CSR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility%20planning" title="corporate social responsibility planning">corporate social responsibility planning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Indonesia" title=" Indonesia"> Indonesia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=institutional%20logic" title=" institutional logic"> institutional logic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20company" title=" multinational company"> multinational company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20and%20gas%20company" title=" oil and gas company"> oil and gas company</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=socio-cultural%20aspects" title=" socio-cultural aspects"> socio-cultural aspects</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127113/corporate-social-responsibility-vs-corporate-social-reactivity-an-exploration-of-corporate-social-responsibility-planning-in-a-multinational-oil-and-gas-in-indonesia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/127113.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">155</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">301</span> Clash of Civilizations without Civilizational Groups: Revisiting Samuel P. Huntington´s Clash of Civilizations Theory</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamal%20Abdi">Jamal Abdi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is largely a response/critique of Samuel P. Huntington´s Clash of Civilizations thesis. The overriding argument is that Huntington´s thesis is characterized by failure to distinguish between ´groups´ and ´categories´. Multinational civilizations overcoming their internal collective action problems, which would enable them to pursue a unified strategy vis-à-vis the West, is a rather foundational assumption in his theory. Without assigning sufficient intellectual attention to the processes through which multinational civilizations may gain capacity for concerted action i.e. become a group, he contended that the post-cold-war world would be shaped in large measure by interactions among seven or eight major civilizations. Thus, failure in providing a convincing analysis of multi-national civilizations´ transition from categories to groups is a significant weakness in Huntington´s clash theory. It is also suggested that so-called Islamic terrorism and the war on terror is not to be taken as an expression of presence of clash between a Western and an Islamic civilization, as terrorist organizations would be superfluous in a world characterized by clash of civilizations. Consequences of multinational civilizations becoming a group are discussed in relation to contemporary Western superiority. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=categories" title="categories">categories</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=civilizations" title=" civilizations"> civilizations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clash" title=" clash"> clash</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groups" title=" groups"> groups</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=groupness" title=" groupness"> groupness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95884/clash-of-civilizations-without-civilizational-groups-revisiting-samuel-p-huntingtons-clash-of-civilizations-theory" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/95884.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">300</span> An Analysis of Present Supplier Selection Criteria of State Pharmaceutical Corporation (SPC) Sri Lanka: A Case Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gamalath%20M.%20B.%20P.%20Abeysekara">Gamalath M. B. P. Abeysekara</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Primary objective of any organization is to enhance the bottom line profit. Strategic procurement is one of the prominent aspects in view of receiving this ultimate objective. Strategic procurement is an activity used in each and every organization in their operations. Pharmaceutical procurement is an especially significant task for any organizations, particularly state sector concerned. The whole pharmaceutical procurement requirement of the country is procured through the State Pharmaceutical Corporation (SPC) of Sri Lanka. They follow Pharmaceutical Procurement Guideline of 2006 as the procurement principle. The main objective of this project is to identify the importance of State Pharmaceutical Corporation supplier selection criteria and critical analysis of pharmaceutical procurement procedure. State Pharmaceutical Corporations applied net price, product quality, past performance, and delivery of suppliers’ as main criteria for the selection suppliers. Data collection for this study was taken place through a questionnaire, given to fifty doctors within the Colombo district attached to five main state hospitals. Data analysis is carried out with mean and standard deviation functions. The ultimate outcomes indicated product quality, net price, and delivery of suppliers’ are the most important criteria behind the selection of suppliers. Critical analysis proved State Pharmaceutical Corporation should focus on net price reduction, improving laboratory testing facilities and effective communication between up and down stream of supply chain. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=government%20procurement%20procedure" title="government procurement procedure">government procurement procedure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pharmaceutical%20procurement%20supplier%20selection%20criteria" title=" pharmaceutical procurement supplier selection criteria"> pharmaceutical procurement supplier selection criteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=importance%20of%20SPC%20supplier%20selection%20criteria" title=" importance of SPC supplier selection criteria "> importance of SPC supplier selection criteria </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23053/an-analysis-of-present-supplier-selection-criteria-of-state-pharmaceutical-corporation-spc-sri-lanka-a-case-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">452</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">299</span> Subsidiary Entrepreneurial Orientation, Trust in Headquarters and Performance: The Mediating Role of Autonomy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zhang%20Qingzhong">Zhang Qingzhong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Though there exists an increasing number of research studies on the headquarters-subsidiary relationship, and within this context, there is a focus on subsidiaries' contributory role to multinational corporations (MNC), subsidiary autonomy, and the conditions under which autonomy exerts an effect on subsidiary performance still constitute a subject of debate in the literature. The objective of this research is to study the MNC subsidiary autonomy and performance relationship and the effect of subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation and trust on subsidiary autonomy in the China environment, a phenomenon that has not yet been studied. The research addresses the following three questions: (i) Is subsidiary autonomy associated with MNC subsidiary performance in the China environment? (ii) How do subsidiary entrepreneurship and its trust in headquarters affect the level of subsidiary autonomy and its relationship with subsidiary performance? (iii) Does subsidiary autonomy have a mediating effect on subsidiary performance with subsidiary’s entrepreneurship and trust in headquarters? In the present study, we have reviewed literature and conducted semi-structured interviews with multinational corporation (MNC) subsidiary senior executives in China. Building on our insights from the interviews and taking perspectives from four theories, namely the resource-based view (RBV), resource dependency theory, integration-responsiveness framework, and social exchange theory, as well as the extant articles on subsidiary autonomy, entrepreneurial orientation, trust, and subsidiary performance, we have developed a model and have explored the direct and mediating effects of subsidiary autonomy on subsidiary performance within the framework of the MNC. To test the model, we collected and analyzed data based on cross-industry two waves of an online survey from 102 subsidiaries of MNCs in China. We used structural equation modeling to test measurement, direct effect model, and conceptual framework with hypotheses. Our findings confirm that (a) subsidiary autonomy is positively related to subsidiary performance; (b) subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation is positively related to subsidiary autonomy; (c) subsidiary’s trust in headquarters has a positive effect on subsidiary autonomy; (d) subsidiary autonomy mediates the relationship between entrepreneurial orientation and subsidiary performance; (e) subsidiary autonomy mediates the relationship between trust and subsidiary performance. Our study highlights the important role of subsidiary autonomy in leveraging the resource of subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation and its trust relationship with headquarters to achieve high performance. We discuss the theoretical and managerial implications of the findings and propose directions for future research. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidiary%20entrepreneurial%20orientation" title="subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation">subsidiary entrepreneurial orientation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=trust" title=" trust"> trust</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidiary%20autonomy" title=" subsidiary autonomy"> subsidiary autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsidiary%20performance" title=" subsidiary performance"> subsidiary performance</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141146/subsidiary-entrepreneurial-orientation-trust-in-headquarters-and-performance-the-mediating-role-of-autonomy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">188</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">298</span> Global Supply Chain Tuning: Role of National Culture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aleksandr%20S.%20Demin">Aleksandr S. Demin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anastasiia%20V.%20Ivanova"> Anastasiia V. Ivanova</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The current economy tends to increase the influence of digital technologies and diminish the human role in management. However, it is impossible to deny that a person still leads a business with its own set of values and priorities. The article presented aims to incorporate the peculiarities of the national culture and the characteristics of the supply chain using the quantitative values of the national culture obtained by the scholars of comparative management (Hofstede, House, and others). Design/Methodology/Approach: The conducted research is based on the secondary data in the field of cross-country comparison achieved by Prof. Hofstede and received in the GLOBE project. The data mentioned are used to design different aspects of the supply chain both on the cross-functional and inter-organizational levels. The connection between a range of principles in general (roles assignment, customer service prioritization, coordination of supply chain partners) and in comparative management (acknowledgment of the national peculiarities of the country in which the company operates) is shown over economic and mathematical models, mainly linear programming models. Findings: The combination of the team management wheel concept, the business processes of the global supply chain, and the national culture characteristics let a transnational corporation to form a supply chain crew balanced in costs, functions, and personality. To elaborate on an effective customer service policy and logistics strategy in goods and services distribution in the country under review, two approaches are offered. The first approach relies exceptionally on the customer’s interest in the place of operation, while the second one takes into account the position of the transnational corporation and its previous experience in order to accord both organizational and national cultures. The effect of integration practice on the achievement of a specific supply chain goal in a specific location is advised to assess via types of correlation (positive, negative, non) and the value of national culture indices. Research Limitations: The models developed are intended to be used by transnational companies and business forms located in several nationally different areas. Some of the inputs to illustrate the application of the methods offered are simulated. That is why the numerical measurements should be used with caution. Practical Implications: The research can be of great interest for the supply chain managers who are responsible for the engineering of global supply chains in a transnational corporation and the further activities in doing business on the international area. As well, the methods, tools, and approaches suggested can be used by top managers searching for new ways of competitiveness and can be suitable for all staff members who are keen on the national culture traits topic. Originality/Value: The elaborated methods of decision-making with regard to the national environment suggest the mathematical and economic base to find a comprehensive solution. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20integration" title="logistics integration">logistics integration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=logistics%20services" title=" logistics services"> logistics services</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation" title=" multinational corporation"> multinational corporation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20culture" title=" national culture"> national culture</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=team%20management" title=" team management"> team management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=service%20policy" title=" service policy"> service policy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=supply%20chain%20management" title=" supply chain management"> supply chain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113267/global-supply-chain-tuning-role-of-national-culture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/113267.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">106</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">297</span> A Phenomenographic Examination of Work Motivation to Perform at the Municipal Corporation of Bangladesh</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Md.%20Rifad%20Chowdhury">Md. Rifad Chowdhury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research study investigates employees' conception of work motivation to perform at the municipal corporation in Bangladesh. The municipal corporation is one of the key administrative bodies of Bangladesh’s local government. Municipal corporation employees provide essential public services in the country’s semi-urban areas. Work motivation has been defined as a result of interaction between the individual and the environment. Local government studies indicate the work environment of the municipal corporation is unique because of its key colonial and political history, several reform attempts, non-western social perspectives, job functions, and traditional governance. The explorative purpose of this study is to find and analyse the conceptions of employees’ work motivation within this environment to expand a better understanding of work motivation. According to the purpose of this study, a qualitative method has been adopted, which has remained a very unpopular method among work motivational researchers in Bangladesh. Twenty-two semi-structured online interviews were conducted in this study. Phenomenographic research methodology has been adopted to describe the limited number of qualitatively different ways of experiencing work motivation. During the analysis of the semi-structured interview transcripts, the focus was on the employees' perspectives as employees experience work motivation or the second-order perspective to explore and analyse the conceptions. Based on the participants' collective experiences and dimensions of variation across the different ways of experiencing, six conceptions of employee work motivation to perform at the municipal corporation were identified in this study. The relationships between conceptions were further elaborated in terms of critical variations across the conceptions. Six dimensions of critical variations have emerged within and between the conceptions. In the outcome space, the relationships between conceptions and dimensions of critical variations are presented in a logical structure. The findings of this research study show significance to expand the understanding of work motivation and the research context of phenomenography. The findings of this research will contribute to the ongoing attention of contextual work motivational understanding from a Bangladeshi perspective and phenomenographic research conceptions in organisational behaviour studies. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=work%20motivation" title="work motivation">work motivation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=qualitative" title=" qualitative"> qualitative</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenography" title=" phenomenography"> phenomenography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20government" title=" local government"> local government</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158018/a-phenomenographic-examination-of-work-motivation-to-perform-at-the-municipal-corporation-of-bangladesh" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/158018.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">93</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">296</span> Discussion of Leadership Styles and Performance Management in MNEs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yin-Tsuo%20Huang">Yin-Tsuo Huang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Most leadership theories focus on leader's development. However, in reality, the led is also very important in the leadership process. Development relates to ensure the individual to grow in the skills, knowledge, and abilities to perform at leaders’ highest possible level now and for the future. The topic area of the relationships among leadership styles, subordinate maturity, and information distinction was identified because it is a practical problem and personal experiences occurring in multinational enterprises. Some questions to be answered through this critical analysis of the literature are: (1) What are the effective leadership styles in the leader-member and member-member relationships? (2) How do the subordinates react to leaders’ managerial style? (3) What are the relationships among leadership styles, subordinate maturity, and resulting information distinction? (4) What kinds of information distinction effects the relationships between leadership styles and subordinate maturity? (5) Where do leaders and subordinates can get information, and how? (6) In what areas are leaders’ or subordinates’ knowledge weakest, and how can they get others to prove the information they need? (7) How important is that information to the subordinates? (8) Do the leaders keep too much information for their subordinates because it is inconvenient? The main purpose of this review is to explore the theoretical and empirical literature about the relationships among leadership style, subordinates maturity, and information distinction implications in multinational Taiwanese organizations to identify areas of future scholarly inquiry. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leadership%20style" title="leadership style">leadership style</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subordinate%20maturity" title=" subordinate maturity"> subordinate maturity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20distinction" title=" information distinction"> information distinction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20organization" title=" multinational organization"> multinational organization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28374/discussion-of-leadership-styles-and-performance-management-in-mnes" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/28374.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">515</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">295</span> Malaysian Challenges and Experiences with National Higher Education Fund Corporation’s Educational Loan Default</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Anjali%20Dewi%20Krishnan">Anjali Dewi Krishnan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper attempts to explore the factors causing student loan defaults among NHEFC borrower besides measuring the enforcement actions that have been took by NHEFC to improve repayment rate. It starts by reviewing the causes of student loan default from the perspective of the loan borrowers besides finding out about the effectiveness of approaches taken by NHEFC (National Higher Education Fund Corporation) until now in order to increase the repayment rate and recover student loan default. The results gathered from the research used to investigate or identify the relationship between job statuses, gender, and ethnicity of the borrowers with repayment status, enforcement from the NHEFC side in the sense of student loan repayment; and respondent's opinion about enforcement in encouraging repayment of student loan and recover loan default. A combination of unemployment, financial constraint, inefficient repayment method and some other reasons of student loan defaults were discovered through this research. It finishes by presenting the reality whereby a student loan default is a result of inability to pay back and not about willingness to pay back. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20default" title="loan default">loan default</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20recovery" title=" loan recovery"> loan recovery</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loan%20repayment" title=" loan repayment"> loan repayment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=national%20higher%20education%20fund%20corporation" title=" national higher education fund corporation"> national higher education fund corporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33002/malaysian-challenges-and-experiences-with-national-higher-education-fund-corporations-educational-loan-default" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/33002.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">337</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">294</span> Diversity and Equality in Four Finnish and Italian Energy Companies' Open Access Material</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Elisa%20Bertagna">Elisa Bertagna</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> A frame analysis of the work done by various energy multinational companies concerning diversity issues and gender equality is presented. Documents of four multinational companies - two from Finland and two from Italy - have been studied. The array of companies’ documents includes data from their websites, policies and so on. The Finnish and Italian contexts have been chosen as a sample of North and South Europe, of 'advanced' and 'less advanced'. The aim of the analysis is to understand if and how human resource and diversity management in Finnish and Italian multinational energy companies communicate their activity towards the employees. Attention is given on how employees are reacting in their role and on the consequences of its social positioning. The findings of this essay are crucially important. They show how the companies in object tend to focus on the HR and DM positive actions towards female employees’ struggles since the industry is characterized by multinationals with male-dominated employees. In this way, other categories, which are also depicted as sensitive such as young and elderly people or foreigners, do not receive the same amount of attention. Consequently, power hierarchies can be found: 'women' as a social category are given more importance and space in the companies’ data than others. Consequently, the present work analysis reflects on possible struggles that such companies might be facing concerning gender biases and further diverse issues. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=energy" title="energy">energy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=diversity" title=" diversity"> diversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender" title=" gender"> gender</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinationals" title=" multinationals"> multinationals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=power%20hierarchies" title=" power hierarchies"> power hierarchies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94633/diversity-and-equality-in-four-finnish-and-italian-energy-companies-open-access-material" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/94633.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">293</span> Investments in Petroleum Industry Abnormally Normal: A Case Study Based on Petroleum and Natural Gas Companies in India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Radhika%20Ramanchi">Radhika Ramanchi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The oil market during 2014-2015 in India with large price fluctuations is very confusing to individual investor. The drop in oil prices supported stocks of some oil marketing companies (OMCs) like Bharat Petroleum Corporation, Hindustan Petroleum Corporation (HPCL) and Indian Oil Corporation etc their shares rose 84.74%, 128.63% and 59.16%, respectively. Lower oil prices, and lower current account, a smaller subsidy burden are the reasons for outperformance. On the other hand, lower crude prices giving downward pressure on upstream companies like Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd (ONGC) and Reliance Petroleum (RIL) Oil India Ltd (OIL). Not having clarity on a subsidy sharing mechanism is the reason for downward trend on these stocks. Shares of ONGC and RIL have underperformed so far in 2015. When the oil price fall profits of the companies will effect, generate less money and may cut their dividends in Long run. In this situation this paper objective is to study investment strategies in oil marketing companies, by applying CAPM and Security Market Line. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrol%20industry" title="petrol industry">petrol industry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=price%20fluctuations" title=" price fluctuations"> price fluctuations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sharp%20single%20index%20model" title=" sharp single index model"> sharp single index model</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=SML" title=" SML"> SML</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Markowitz%20model" title=" Markowitz model"> Markowitz model</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46771/investments-in-petroleum-industry-abnormally-normal-a-case-study-based-on-petroleum-and-natural-gas-companies-in-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/46771.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">224</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">292</span> Pineapple Patriarch: Local Agency in Sustainability Initiatives despite Community Reliance on Pineapple Monoculture</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afshan%20Golriz">Afshan Golriz </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper addresses the nuances in the relationship between the rural community of Volcan, Costa Rica, and the presence of multinational pineapple giant Pineapple Development Corporation (PINDECO). The paper analyzes the continuous negotiation between the need for environmental protection in the face of pineapple monoculture and the socioeconomic dependencies of the community on the company. Drawing on eight years of ethnographic work in Volcan de Buenos Aires and relying on intergenerational interviews that document oral histories, this article provides a socio-historical account of the economic and environmental impact of the presence of PINDECO in the southern zone of the country. The paper draws on interviews and in-depth participant observation, conducted by the author in intermittent periods over eight years. The research sheds light on the tensions between the village and PINDECO, as simultaneous acceptance of and opposition to the company persist by different stakeholders in the region. In doing so, this paper examines the strikingly powerful affinity toward the company and the community's regard for PINDECO as the town patriarch despite social and environmental injustices. In demonstrating these tensions, the author problematizes the practice of conducting foreign environmental research in developing countries, and more importantly, proposing changes to environmental conservation and socioeconomic structures without understanding community reliance on the presence of corporations such as PINDECO and the threats that changes to existing structures could pose to community members' livelihoods. In complicating these common western academic practices, the author takes an anti-colonial approach to environmental research, refusing the assumption that the affinity toward the company by the community of Volcan is rooted in ignorance, lack of education, or lack of interest in environmental conservation. The author instead highlights local knowledge and agency, demonstrating the many ways in which the community itself is producing knowledge and taking action. Through this paper, common assumptions regarding the agency of such communities are contested, and the grassroots environmental initiatives of Volcan, Costa Rica are brought to life. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=environmental%20conservation" title="environmental conservation">environmental conservation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=grassroots%20movements" title=" grassroots movements"> grassroots movements</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=local%20knowledge" title=" local knowledge"> local knowledge</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=agricultural%20multinational" title=" agricultural multinational"> agricultural multinational</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118463/pineapple-patriarch-local-agency-in-sustainability-initiatives-despite-community-reliance-on-pineapple-monoculture" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/118463.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">291</span> Six Steps of Entrepreneurial Finance and Development, from Idea to Corporation Case of Kuwait</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Andri%20Ottesen">Andri Ottesen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sam%20Toglaw"> Sam Toglaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mirna%20Safa"> Mirna Safa</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Entrepreneurial companies on their developing path from an idea to a corporation go through a similar six-step process. Each of these six development steps is supported by a distinctive financing path. This paper explores the Kuwait model for Entrepreneurial Finance and Development through in-depth interviews with ten successful Kuwaiti entrepreneurs. This paper offers insight into the development and financing of entrepreneurial companies in this oil-rich, predominantly Islamic country that are in many ways different from the steps. Western entrepreneurial companies go through. This model could be used to understand the commonalities and the difference between entrepreneurial development and financing and could be used to bridge the gap. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial-financing" title="entrepreneurial-financing">entrepreneurial-financing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entrepreneurial-developing" title=" entrepreneurial-developing"> entrepreneurial-developing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kuwait" title=" Kuwait"> Kuwait</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vancouver%20school" title=" Vancouver school"> Vancouver school</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137449/six-steps-of-entrepreneurial-finance-and-development-from-idea-to-corporation-case-of-kuwait" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137449.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">290</span> Ethical Consumers, The Myth or the Reality?: The Effects of Ethics in CSR on Corporate Authenticity and Pro-Firm Behaviours </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Shim">K. Shim</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20N.%20Kim"> J. N. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigates how consumers’ evaluations of a multinational corporation’s corporate social responsibility program connected to the perceived corporate authenticity and consumers’ pro-firm behavioral intention. With special attention to the two different types of CSR motives, business-oriented CSR motive and society-oriented motive, the current study empirically tests a theoretical model of a mediating role of corporate authenticity between perception of CSR motives and the consumers’ subsequent pro-firm behaviours. Results indicate significant mediation effects of corporate authenticity between perception of altruistic and societal CSR motives and consumers’ pro-firm behaviours. Unlike previous notions of the negative influence of self-interested motives on corporate authenticity, perceived strategic and business-oriented motives in CSR does not negatively affect the evalution of corporate authenticity when stakeholders have utilitarian ethical perspectives. Unlike the Korean participants, US participants are not willing to conduct pro-firm behaviors when they perceive strategic and business-oriented CSR motives. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20authenticity" title="corporate authenticity">corporate authenticity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=corporate%20social%20responsibility" title=" corporate social responsibility"> corporate social responsibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CSR%20motives" title=" CSR motives"> CSR motives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=strategic%20CSR" title=" strategic CSR"> strategic CSR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=utilitarian%20ethics" title=" utilitarian ethics"> utilitarian ethics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=kantian%20ethics" title=" kantian ethics"> kantian ethics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26023/ethical-consumers-the-myth-or-the-reality-the-effects-of-ethics-in-csr-on-corporate-authenticity-and-pro-firm-behaviours" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26023.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">483</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">289</span> Provision Electronic Management Requirements in Libyan Oil Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hitham%20Yami">Hitham Yami</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study will focus primarily on assessing the availability requirements of the electronic management of oil companies in Libya, and the mean objectives of the research applying electronic management and make recommendations and steps to approach electronic management. There are limited research and statistical analysis to support electronic management in Libyan companies. The groundwork for the proposed approach is to develop independent variables and the dependent variables to be restructured after it Alntra side of the field and the side to get the data to achieve the desired results and solving the problem faced by the Libyan Oil Corporation. All these strategies are proposed to achieve the goal, and solving Libyan oil installations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=oil%20company%E2%80%99s%20revenue" title="oil company’s revenue">oil company’s revenue</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=independent%20variables" title=" independent variables"> independent variables</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electronic%20management" title=" electronic management"> electronic management</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Libyan%20oil%20corporation" title=" Libyan oil corporation"> Libyan oil corporation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59775/provision-electronic-management-requirements-in-libyan-oil-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/59775.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">264</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">288</span> Corporate Social Responsibility for Multinational Enterprises to Gain Incomparable Advantage on the Long Run without Competition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fatima%20Homor">Fatima Homor</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The new era in business has started, according to my research paper findings, corporate social responsibility leads organizations to an incomparable advantage phase, where competition is secondary and financial growth is a result. Those who join later, lose their active advantage and cause passive disadvantage for their organizations. The main purpose of this presentation is to state the obvious and shed the light of the advantages of doing good, while doing well for multinational enterprises, extremely low fluctuation (preventing one of the highest costs), significantly lower marketing budget, enhanced reputation causing customer and supplier loyalty, employee commitment results in higher motivation level leading to better quality at each stages, Corporate Social Responsibility brings Unique Selling Proposition incomparable to others. The paper is based on a large research work conducted for the University of Liverpool Masters in Business Administration program, with the title of Corporate Social Responsibility for Multinational Enterprises to gain incomparable advantage. The research is based on both recent secondary data, but most importantly on 25 interviews with Chief Executive Officers at Multinational Enterprises and / or the Human Resources / corporate communications directors. The direct gains on Corporate Social Responsibility are analyzed when it is embedded into the core of the business. It is evident that project based Corporate Social Responsibility is not effective neither from the supported topic, Non-governmental Organizations point of view nor from the organization’s long-term sustainability point of view. Surveys have been conducted, data compared and consequences drawn. Corporate Social Responsibility must be started inside of the business to strengthen it. First, commit employees. It must come from the Chief Executive Officer. It must be related to the business profile. It has to be long term. They will commit customers. B-corps are coming (e.g. Unilever); the phenomenon of social enterprises has become a leading one. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=B-corps" title="B-corps">B-corps</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=embedded%20into%20core%20business" title=" embedded into core business"> embedded into core business</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=first%20inside" title=" first inside"> first inside</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unique%20advantage" title=" unique advantage"> unique advantage</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73561/corporate-social-responsibility-for-multinational-enterprises-to-gain-incomparable-advantage-on-the-long-run-without-competition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/73561.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">207</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multinational%20corporation&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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