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北宋 - 維基百科，自由嘅百科全書
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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>史</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-史-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>切換去 史 細章節</span> </button> <ul id="toc-史-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-開國初期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#開國初期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>開國初期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-開國初期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-中期" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#中期"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>中期</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-中期-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-澶淵之盟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#澶淵之盟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.1</span> <span>澶淵之盟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-澶淵之盟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-慶曆新政" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#慶曆新政"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.2</span> <span>慶曆新政</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-慶曆新政-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-熙豐變法" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#熙豐變法"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.3</span> <span>熙豐變法</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-熙豐變法-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-元祐更化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#元祐更化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2.4</span> <span>元祐更化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-元祐更化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-亡國" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#亡國"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>亡國</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-亡國-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-外交" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#外交"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>外交</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-外交-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-經濟" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#經濟"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>經濟</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-經濟-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-文化" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#文化"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>文化</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-文化-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="目錄" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="開/收內容一覽" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">開/收內容一覽</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">北宋</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="去睇另一種語文嘅文章。有11種語言版本。" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-11" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">11種語言</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern_Song_(960%E2%80%931127)" title="Northern Song (960–1127) – 英文" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Northern Song (960–1127)" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="英文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pohjoinen_Song-dynastia" title="Pohjoinen Song-dynastia – 芬蘭文" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Pohjoinen Song-dynastia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="芬蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋 – 贛語" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="北宋" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="贛語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋 – 日文" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="北宋" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="日文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B6%81%EC%86%A1" title="북송 – 韓文" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="북송" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="韓文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_nordlige_Song" title="Det nordlige Song – 巴克摩挪威文" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det nordlige Song" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="巴克摩挪威文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0_%D0%A1%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD%D0%B3" title="Династија Северни Сунг – 塞爾維亞文" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Династија Северни Сунг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="塞爾維亞文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%96%D0%B2%D0%BD%D1%96%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D1%96%D1%8F_%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%BD" title="Північна династія Сун – 烏克蘭文" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Північна династія Сун" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="烏克蘭文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋 – 吳語" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="北宋" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="吳語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="北宋 – 中文" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="北宋" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="中文" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak_S%C3%B2ng" title="Pak Sòng – 閩南語" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Pak Sòng" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="閩南語" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319460#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="改跨語言拎" class="wbc-editpage">改拎</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="空間名"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="睇吓內容頁[c]" accesskey="c"><span>文章</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="關於內容頁嘅討論 (無呢版)[t]" accesskey="t"><span>討論</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="改語言變體" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">粵語</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="外觀"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=history" title="呢一頁之前嘅修訂[h]" accesskey="h"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="架撐" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">架撐</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">架撐</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">收埋</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="多啲選項" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 動作 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B"><span>閱</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit" title="改呢版嘅代碼[e]" accesskey="e"><span>改</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=history"><span>睇返紀錄</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 基本 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E9%82%8A%E5%BA%A6%E9%8F%88%E5%8E%BB%E5%91%A2%E7%89%88/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" title="列出所有連接過嚟呢度嘅頁面[j]" accesskey="j"><span>有乜連過嚟</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%A4%96%E9%8F%88%E4%BF%AE%E6%94%B9/%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B" rel="nofollow" title="由呢版連出去嘅版嘅最近修改[k]" accesskey="k"><span>連結頁嘅更改</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Project:%E4%B8%8A%E8%BC%89" title="上載檔案[u]" accesskey="u"><span>上載檔案</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:%E5%B0%88%E9%96%80%E7%89%88" title="所有專門版一覽[q]" accesskey="q"><span>專門版</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&oldid=2056970" title="呢版呢個修訂嘅永久網址"><span>固定連結</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=info" title="多啲同呢版有拏褦嘅資料"><span>此版明細</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:%E5%BC%95%E7%94%A8&page=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&id=2056970&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="點樣引用呢頁嘅資訊"><span>引用呢篇文</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%25AE%258B"><span>攞短網址</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fzh-yue.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E5%258C%2597%25E5%25AE%258B"><span>下載QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-electronpdfservice-sidebar-portlet-heading" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 打印/匯出 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="electron-print_pdf" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=show-download-screen"><span>下載PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="javascript:print();" rel="alternate" title="呢一版印得嘅版本[p]" accesskey="p"><span>印得嘅版本</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> 第啲維基項目 </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Northern_Song_Dynasty" hreflang="en"><span>維基同享</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q319460" title="連到接住資料儲存庫嘅項目[g]" accesskey="g"><span>維基數據項</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="頁面工具"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="閱讀設定"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">閱讀設定</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">移去側欄</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">收埋</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">出自維基百科，自由嘅百科全書</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="yue" dir="ltr"><div id="Container" class="toccolours searchaux" style="text-align: left; padding:0.5em 0 0 0; border-style:solid; float:right;clear:right; padding:0 0.5em; margin:0.3em 0 0.8em 1.4em; overflow: hidden;"><div id="Title" style="background-color:LemonChiffon; font-weight:bold; padding:0.2em; text-align:center; margin:0.6em 0 1.2em 0">大中華史</div><div id="Contains-Timeline-Scale-Notes"><div id="Scale" style="width:3.1em; position:relative; top:-0.82em; float:left; height:1500px; padding:0px"><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1492.9245283019px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1475.2358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1457.5471698113px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1439.858490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1422.1698113208px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-2000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1404.4811320755px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1386.7924528302px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1369.1037735849px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1351.4150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1333.7264150943px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1316.0377358491px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1298.3490566038px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1280.6603773585px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1262.9716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1245.2830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1227.5943396226px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1209.9056603774px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1192.2169811321px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1174.5283018868px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1156.8396226415px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1139.1509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1121.4622641509px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1103.7735849057px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1086.0849056604px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1068.3962264151px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1050.7075471698px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1033.0188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:1015.3301886792px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:997.64150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:979.95283018868px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:962.2641509434px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:944.57547169811px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:926.88679245283px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:909.19811320755px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:891.50943396226px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:873.82075471698px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:856.1320754717px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:838.44339622642px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:820.75471698113px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:803.06603773585px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:785.37735849057px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:767.68867924528px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:750px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">-100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:732.31132075472px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:714.62264150943px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">0 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:696.93396226415px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:679.24528301887px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:661.55660377358px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:643.8679245283px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:626.17924528302px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:608.49056603774px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:590.80188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:573.11320754717px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:555.42452830189px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:537.7358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:520.04716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:502.35849056604px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:484.66981132075px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:466.98113207547px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:449.29245283019px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:431.60377358491px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:413.91509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:396.22641509434px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:378.53773584906px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:360.84905660377px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1000 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:343.16037735849px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:325.47169811321px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1100 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:307.78301886792px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:290.09433962264px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1200 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:272.40566037736px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:254.71698113208px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1300 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:237.02830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:219.33962264151px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1400 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:201.65094339623px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:183.96226415094px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1500 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:166.27358490566px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:148.58490566038px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1600 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:130.89622641509px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:113.20754716981px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1700 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:95.518867924528px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:77.830188679245px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1800 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:60.141509433962px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:42.452830188679px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">1900 —</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:24.764150943396px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">–</span></div><div style="float:right; position:absolute; right:-1px; top:7.0754716981132px;"><span style="font-size:86%;white-space:nowrap;">2000 —</span></div></div><div id="ScaleBar" style="width:1px; float:left; height:1500px; padding:0; background-color:#242020"></div><div id="Timeline" class="toccolours" style="font-size:100%; width:100%; height:1500px; padding:0px; float:left; width:17em; border:none; background-color:#bbeebb;"><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:792.80660377358px; height:707.19339622642px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-353.59669811321px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E5%85%88%E7%A7%A6" title="先秦">先秦</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:636.79245283019px; height:154.0141509434px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-78.007075471698px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E7%A7%A6%E6%BC%A2" title="秦漢">秦漢</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:506.25px; height:130.54245283019px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-65.271226415094px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%AD%8F%E6%99%89%E5%8D%97%E5%8C%97%E6%9C%9D" title="魏晉南北朝">魏晉南北朝</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:368.27830188679px; height:135.97169811321px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-68.985849056604px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E9%9A%8B%E5%94%90" title="隋唐">隋唐</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Silver; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:64.033018867925px; height:304.24528301887px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-152.12264150943px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AE%8B%E5%85%83%E6%98%8E%E6%B8%85&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="宋元明清 (無呢版)">宋元明清</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:LightYellow; border-width:1px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:0px; height:62.033018867925px; margin-left:0em; width:1.275em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-32.016509433962px;"><div style="line-height: 1.1em"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%BF%91%E4%BB%A3%E5%8F%B2" title="中國近代史">近代</a></div></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Pink; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:620.87264150943px; height:0.70754716981132px; margin-left:10.625em; width:3.4em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-0.35377358490566px;"></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Thistle; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:1418.2783018868px; height:81.721698113208px; margin-left:1.275em; width:15.725em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; vertical-align:middle; bottom:-40.860849056604px;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%82%B3%E7%96%91%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3" title="中國傳疑時代">傳疑時代</a><br />參攷<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9A%87%E4%BA%94%E5%B8%9D" title="三皇五帝">三皇五帝</a></span></div></div><div class="bar" style="font-size:100%; background-color:Plum; border-width:0px; border-colour:White; border-style:solid none; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:1266.1556603774px; height:152.12264150943px; margin-left:1.275em; width:15.725em;"><div class="nudge" style="font-size:100%; position:relative; top:-0.86em; left:-0em;"><span style="position:relative; align:center; 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margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; 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text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:787.5px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-8.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%A5%BF%E6%A5%9A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="西楚 (無呢版)">西楚</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:712.5px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-8.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0_(%E7%8E%8B%E8%8E%BD)" title="新 (王莽)">新朝</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:706.4858490566px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8A%89%E7%8E%84" title="劉玄">玄漢</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:470.51886792453px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-8.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E6%AD%A6%E5%91%A8" title="武周">武周</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:230.66037735849px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-5.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-5.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E5%85%83" title="北元">北元</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:142.92452830189px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E9%87%91" title="後金">後金</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:59.787735849057px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-5.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-5.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%AA%E5%B9%B3%E5%A4%A9%E5%9C%8B" title="太平天國">太平天國</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:385.61320754717px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-8.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:White; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;">五代<div style="color: DarkSlateGray;font-size: x-small; line-height: 0.8rem"><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%A2%81" title="後梁">梁</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%94%90" title="後唐">唐</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%99%89" title="後晉">晉</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E6%BC%A2" title="後漢">漢</a><a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%91%A8" title="後周">周</a></div></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:750px;"><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-0.75em; left:-0em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:792.80660377358px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%A7%A6%E6%BB%85%E5%85%AD%E5%9C%8B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="秦滅六國 (無呢版)">秦滅六國</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:139.03301886792px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-9.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-9.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%98%8E%E6%9C%AB%E6%B0%91%E8%AE%8A&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="明末民變 (無呢版)">明末民變</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:541.27358490566px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.25em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.25em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; 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margin-top:1082.9009433962px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-1.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-1.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%89%E7%9B%A3%E4%B9%8B%E4%BA%82" title="三監之亂">三監之亂</a></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:611.67452830189px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-4.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-4.5em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; 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margin-top:19.103773584906px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-2em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; left:-2em; width:7em;"><span style="position:relative; width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><div style="font-size: x-small; line-height: 0.8rem"><a href="/wiki/%E6%96%87%E5%8C%96%E5%A4%A7%E9%9D%A9%E5%91%BD" title="文化大革命">文化大革命</a></div></span></div></div><div class="annot-bar" style="width:auto; font-size:100%; position:absolute; text-align:center; margin-top:42.806603773585px;"><div class="annot-arrow" style="position:relative; text-size:100%; top:-0.86em; left:-10.5em; float:left;"><span style="color:Black;">←</span></div><div class="annot-nudge" style="text-size:100%; float:left; position:relative; text-align:left; top:-1.65em; 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width:auto; z-index:10; font-size:90%; color:Black; vertical-align:middle; line-height:100%; bottom:0;"><a href="/wiki/%E5%9C%9F%E6%9C%A8%E5%A0%A1%E4%B9%8B%E8%AE%8A" title="土木堡之變">土木堡之變</a></span></div></div></div></div><div id="Legend" class="toccolours" style="margin-left:3.1em; border-style:none; float:left; clear:both;"></div><div id="Caption" class="toccolours" style="margin:0 0.5em; float:left; padding:0 auto; border-style:none; clear:both; text-align:center; width:21.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2%E5%89%8D%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國史前時代 (無呢版)">史前時代</a><br /><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E8%88%8A%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國舊石器時代 (無呢版)">舊石器時代</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E4%B8%AD%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國中石器時代 (無呢版)">中石器時代</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E6%96%B0%E7%9F%B3%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國新石器時代 (無呢版)">新石器時代</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E9%9D%92%E9%8A%85%E5%99%A8%E6%99%82%E4%BB%A3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="中國青銅器時代 (無呢版)">青銅器時代</a><br /><div class="noprint plainlinks navbar" style="background:none; padding:0; font-weight:normal;; font-size:xx-small;">此格： <a href="/wiki/Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="Template:大中華史"><span title="睇呢個模" style="">去睇</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a href="/wiki/Template_talk:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2" title="Template talk:大中華史"><span title="討論呢個模" style="">討論</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=edit"><span title="編輯呢個模" style=";">編輯</span></a> <span style="font-size:80%;">•</span> <a class="external text" href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template:%E5%A4%A7%E4%B8%AD%E8%8F%AF%E5%8F%B2&action=history"><span title="睇呢個模嘅歷史" style=";">歷史</span></a></div></div></div> <p><b>北宋</b>（<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%E7%B2%B5%E6%96%87%E6%8B%BC%E9%9F%B3" title="Wikipedia:粵文拼音">粵拼</a>：<span class="plainlinks" style="display:inline-block"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://yue.forvo.com/word/yue/北宋/#yue"><span>bak<span class="Jpingtone">1</span> sung<span class="Jpingtone">3</span></span></a></span>；960年—1127年），係<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%AE%8B" title="趙宋">宋朝</a>嘅前半段。響<a href="/wiki/%E4%B8%AD%E5%9C%8B%E5%8F%B2" title="中國史">中國史</a>入便經常同宋朝嘅下半段<a href="/wiki/%E5%8D%97%E5%AE%8B" title="南宋">南宋</a>夾埋一齊，當做一個朝代。 </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="疆土"><span id=".E7.96.86.E5.9C.9F"></span>疆土</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=1" title="編輯小節: 疆土"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北宋統治<a href="/wiki/%E9%BB%83%E6%B2%B3" title="黃河">黃河</a>流域同埋南部嘅一啲地區，東邊、南邊直到大海；北部邊界響今海河、河北霸縣、山西雁門關一線，同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="遼國">遼國</a>交界；西北邊界響而家<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%9D%E8%A5%BF" title="陝西">陝西</a>橫山、<a href="/wiki/%E7%94%98%E8%82%85" title="甘肅">甘肅</a>東部、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E6%B5%B7" title="青海">青海</a>湟水一線，同<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">西夏</a>交界；西南邊界響<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B2%B7%E5%B1%B1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="岷山 (無呢版)">岷山</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%A4%A7%E6%B8%A1%E6%B2%B3&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="大渡河 (無呢版)">大渡河</a>一線，同<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%90%E8%95%83" title="吐蕃">吐蕃</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86" class="mw-disambig" title="大理">大理</a>交界；南部響而家<a href="/wiki/%E5%BB%A3%E8%A5%BF" title="廣西">廣西</a>地區同<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%8A%E5%8D%97" title="越南">越南</a>交界。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="史"><span id=".E5.8F.B2"></span>史</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=2" title="編輯小節: 史"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="開國初期"><span id=".E9.96.8B.E5.9C.8B.E5.88.9D.E6.9C.9F"></span>開國初期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=3" title="編輯小節: 開國初期"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div role="note" class="hatnote">内文：<a href="/wiki/%E9%99%B3%E6%A9%8B%E5%85%B5%E8%AE%8A" title="陳橋兵變">陳橋兵變</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%8C%A1%E8%83%A4" title="趙匡胤">趙匡胤</a>未做皇帝之前係<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%91%A8" title="後周">後周</a>嘅殿前都點檢（禁軍大將），手握兵權。後嚟<a href="/wiki/%E5%BE%8C%E5%91%A8%E4%B8%96%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="後周世宗">周世宗</a>英年早逝，由佢只有七歲個仔柴宗訓繼位，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%91%A8%E6%81%AD%E5%B8%9D" class="mw-redirect" title="周恭帝">周恭帝</a>。960年，趙匡胤受命抵抗<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E9%81%BC" title="大遼">遼</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%97%E6%BC%A2" title="北漢">北漢</a>嘅入侵，響路經<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B3%E6%A9%8B%E9%A9%9B&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陳橋驛 (無呢版)">陳橋驛</a>嗰陣，手下發動兵變，將黃袍加落趙身上。趙於是就返去首都開封，叫恭帝退位，正式登基，開創宋朝，史稱北宋。 </p><p>北宋雖然成功立國，但只係當時中原嘅其中一國，仲有成六個其他國家。趙匡胤非常希望可以統一中國，就採用「先南後北」嘅戰略，先解決實力較弱、物資較豐富嘅南方政權。響收復咗南平、後蜀、南漢、南唐之後，976年趙匡胤突然死咗，由細佬<a href="/wiki/%E8%B6%99%E5%85%89%E7%BE%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="趙光義">趙光義</a>繼位（據傳<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E7%87%AD%E5%BD%B1%E6%96%A7%E8%81%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="燭影斧聲 (無呢版)">光義為求皇位而殺死大佬</a>），即宋太宗。 </p><p>太宗之後承繼「先南後北」嘅戰略，<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%99%B3%E6%B4%AA%E9%80%B2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="陳洪進 (無呢版)">陳洪進</a>同埋<a href="/wiki/%E9%8C%A2%E5%BC%98%E4%BF%B6" class="mw-redirect" title="錢弘俶">錢弘俶</a>先後響978年歸降北宋，979年又收復咗<a href="/wiki/%E5%90%B3%E8%B6%8A" class="mw-redirect" title="吳越">吳越</a>同北漢。承接住個氣勢，佢打算一舉北上、收復埋<a href="/wiki/%E7%87%95%E9%9B%B2%E5%8D%81%E5%85%AD%E5%B7%9E" title="燕雲十六州">燕雲十六州</a>，但係多次嘅征戰都以失敗結束。最後佢放棄征戰。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="中期"><span id=".E4.B8.AD.E6.9C.9F"></span>中期</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=4" title="編輯小節: 中期"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="澶淵之盟"><span id=".E6.BE.B6.E6.B7.B5.E4.B9.8B.E7.9B.9F"></span>澶淵之盟</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=5" title="編輯小節: 澶淵之盟"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>太宗死後由大仔趙恆繼位，即<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%9C%9F%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋真宗">宋真宗</a>。遼一直響同宋嘅邊境搞搞震，但出於太宗之前嘅征戰失敗，宋室唔夠膽打。景德元年，遼大舉入侵北宋，直入<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%BE%B6%E5%B7%9E&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="澶州 (無呢版)">澶州</a>。真宗響宰相<a href="/wiki/%E5%AF%87%E6%BA%96" title="寇準">寇準</a>力勸之下親征，宋軍響見到皇帝親征後果然士氣大振，射死遼國大將<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E8%95%AD%E6%92%BB%E5%87%9C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="蕭撻凜 (無呢版)">蕭撻凜</a>。遼軍睇到連主帥都死咗後，認為呢場仗打唔過，就同宋室議和。最後兩國成為「兄弟」，宋每年畀遼廿萬匹絹、十萬兩銀。史稱「<a href="/wiki/%E6%BE%B6%E6%B7%B5%E4%B9%8B%E7%9B%9F" title="澶淵之盟">澶淵之盟</a>」。 </p><p>澶淵之盟後，唔單止開啟咗遼宋貿易，仲令北宋幾十年嚟再冇同遼打仗，人民生治慢慢好咗起嚟，即「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%92%B8%E5%B9%B3%E4%B9%8B%E6%B2%BB&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="咸平之治 (無呢版)">咸平之治</a>」。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="慶曆新政"><span id=".E6.85.B6.E6.9B.86.E6.96.B0.E6.94.BF"></span>慶曆新政</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=6" title="編輯小節: 慶曆新政"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>真宗死後，由趙禎繼位（即<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E4%BB%81%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋仁宗">宋仁宗</a>）、劉太后主政。劉太后死咗之後，仁宗終於可以親政，但係當時北宋面臨好多麻煩：軍隊支出寵大、外患嚴重、對外戰爭輸多過赢、朝廷架構膨脹等。加上<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E5%85%83%E6%98%8A" title="李元昊">李元昊</a>響1038年稱帝、建立<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">夏</a>，但宋室唔承認，結果爆發戰爭，最終北宋因為打輸仗而每年要交多啲歲幣畀西夏。 </p><p>希望改變現狀嘅仁宗，於是任用<a href="/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E4%BB%B2%E6%B7%B9" title="范仲淹">范仲淹</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%82%E5%A4%B7%E7%B0%A1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呂夷簡 (無呢版)">呂夷簡</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%AF%8C%E5%BC%BC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="富弼 (無呢版)">富弼</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E5%8C%85%E6%8B%AF" title="包拯">包拯</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E9%9F%93%E7%90%A6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="韓琦 (無呢版)">韓琦</a>等等大臣推行改革，史稱「<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%85%B6%E6%9B%86%E6%96%B0%E6%94%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="慶曆新政 (無呢版)">慶曆新政</a>」。呢個變法取得非常好嘅成果。但由於一班守舊派大臣反對新政，於是抵毀話范仲淹等人組成朋黨。仁宗最後失去耐性，罷免范仲淹參知政事一職，新政失敗。 </p><p>1063年，仁宗病死，<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E8%8B%B1%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋英宗">英宗</a>繼位。英宗在位期間力圖中興，又任命<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%89" title="司馬光">司馬光</a>設局專修《<a href="/wiki/%E8%B3%87%E6%B2%BB%E9%80%9A%E9%91%91" title="資治通鑑">資治通鑑</a>》。但英宗響1067年早死，繼位嘅係佢個大仔<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E7%A5%9E%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋神宗">宋神宗</a>趙頊。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="熙豐變法"><span id=".E7.86.99.E8.B1.90.E8.AE.8A.E6.B3.95"></span>熙豐變法</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=7" title="編輯小節: 熙豐變法"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>神宗繼位之後，面對嘅係一個外憂內患嘅國家：遼同西夏同北宋虎視眈眈，民生又唔好，軍隊戰鬥力差，最攞命係政府入不敷支，神宗因而非常希望改革。佢任用改革派大臣王安石推行新法，即<a href="/wiki/%E7%8E%8B%E5%AE%89%E7%9F%B3%E8%AE%8A%E6%B3%95" title="王安石變法">熙寧變法</a>。變法內容針對經濟、民生、軍事等方面，包括<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%9D%87%E8%BC%B8%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="均輸法 (無呢版)">均輸</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%92%E8%8B%97%E6%B3%95" title="青苗法">青苗</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%8D%E5%BD%B9%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="免役法 (無呢版)">免役</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%B8%82%E6%98%93%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="市易法 (無呢版)">市易</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E7%94%B2%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保甲法 (無呢版)">保甲</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E4%BF%9D%E9%A6%AC%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="保馬法 (無呢版)">保馬</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%96%B9%E7%94%B0%E5%9D%87%E7%A8%85%E6%B3%95&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="方田均稅法 (無呢版)">方田均稅</a>等等。 </p><p>雖然變法的確增加國庫收入、減少軍費，但係王安石高估咗新法嘅效果：唔少平民負擔加重，新法內容又推行得太急，一事未成、一事又起，響軍事方面嘅變法成效又唔大；去到後期，王安石所起用嘅新人就好似<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%91%82%E6%83%A0%E5%8D%BF&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="呂惠卿 (無呢版)">呂惠卿</a>、<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%9B%BE%E5%B8%83&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="曾布 (無呢版)">曾布</a>，佢哋雖然有料但急功近利，打住變法嘅名義籍機貪污舞弊，本身惠民嘅措施最後變得非常擾民，引起民怨。再加上以<a href="/wiki/%E5%8F%B8%E9%A6%AC%E5%85%89" title="司馬光">司馬光</a>做大佬嘅守舊派認為變法擾民、堅持「祖宗之法不可廢」，令到神宗變法嘅決心開始動搖。 </p><p>1074年，王安石第一次畀神宗罷相。後嚟出於呂惠卿實在太過份、自把自為，王安石響一年後重新出任宰相。1076年，王安石因為大仔嘅死，決心唔撈。神宗最終響同年十月罷免佢嘅宰相一職，王安石由此徹底退出政壇。 </p><p>熙寧變法失敗之後，神宗繼續佢嘅改革，史稱「元豐改制」，但無論改革力度定範圍都比唔起熙寧變法。佢好希望可以消滅西夏，但後嚟打輸仗，而神宗本人響1085年病死，到死佢都未能實踐自己嘅抱負。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="元祐更化"><span id=".E5.85.83.E7.A5.90.E6.9B.B4.E5.8C.96"></span>元祐更化</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=8" title="編輯小節: 元祐更化"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>神宗死後，繼位嘅<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%93%B2%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋哲宗">哲宗</a>趙煦只有9歲，所以高太后主政。高太后重用司馬光為首嘅守舊派，廢除嗮熙寧變法嘅所有措施（<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%85%83%E7%A5%90%E6%9B%B4%E5%8C%96&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="元祐更化 (無呢版)">元祐更化</a>），結果引發兩派人嘅鬥爭，即「<a href="/wiki/%E6%96%B0%E8%88%8A%E9%BB%A8%E7%88%AD" title="新舊黨爭">新舊黨爭</a>」；由於當時係高太后主政，所以新黨被打壓。哲宗對守舊派非常不滿，所以響親政後重用新黨，打壓舊黨。 </p><p>1100年哲宗英年早逝，而哲宗啲仔又夭折，所以由細佬趙佶繼位，係<a href="/wiki/%E5%AE%8B%E5%BE%BD%E5%AE%97" class="mw-redirect" title="宋徽宗">宋徽宗</a>。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="亡國"><span id=".E4.BA.A1.E5.9C.8B"></span>亡國</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=9" title="編輯小節: 亡國"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1126年，金國軍隊攻入首都<a href="/w/index.php?title=%E6%B1%B4%E4%BA%AC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="汴京 (無呢版)">汴京</a>（而家嘅<a href="/wiki/%E9%96%8B%E5%B0%81" title="開封">開封</a>），第二年滅亡（<a href="/wiki/%E9%9D%96%E5%BA%B7%E4%B9%8B%E9%9B%A3" title="靖康之難">靖康之難</a>），加埋九個皇帝，前後167年。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="外交"><span id=".E5.A4.96.E4.BA.A4"></span>外交</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=10" title="編輯小節: 外交"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北宋一路同<a href="/wiki/%E9%81%BC%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="遼國">遼國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E9%87%91%E5%9C%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="金國">金國</a>、<a href="/wiki/%E8%A5%BF%E5%A4%8F" title="西夏">西夏</a>對立，打仗打唔贏，畀人迫到簽和約，向呢三個國家進貢。同<a href="/wiki/%E5%A4%A7%E7%90%86" class="mw-disambig" title="大理">大理</a>一路關係良好。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="經濟"><span id=".E7.B6.93.E6.BF.9F"></span>經濟</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=11" title="編輯小節: 經濟"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北宋係一個比較注重經濟嘅朝代。宋朝嘅皇帝對外都係以<a href="/wiki/%E9%8A%80%E5%85%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="銀兩">銀兩</a>或者布匹同外族講和，相當於而家嘅「金錢外交」。宋朝嘅首都汴京係宋朝喺北方嘅經濟重心，主要都係對外貿易為主。而喺江南沿岸重有多個通商口岸，買賣貨品到南洋等地。 </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="文化"><span id=".E6.96.87.E5.8C.96"></span>文化</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E5%8C%97%E5%AE%8B&action=edit&section=12" title="編輯小節: 文化"><span>編輯</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>北宋朝廷比較注重文人嘅提拔同培育，所以北宋出咗唔少詞人，好似<a href="/wiki/%E8%98%87%E8%BB%BE" title="蘇軾">蘇東坡</a>同<a href="/wiki/%E6%9D%8E%E6%B8%85%E7%85%A7" title="李清照">李清照</a>就係好好嘅例子。 </p> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:China_rel96.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="北宋疆土"><img alt="北宋疆土" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_rel96.jpg/280px-China_rel96.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_rel96.jpg/420px-China_rel96.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/China_rel96.jpg/560px-China_rel96.jpg 2x" data-file-width="745" data-file-height="727" /></a><figcaption>北宋疆土</figcaption></figure> <!-- NewPP limit report Parsed by mw‐web.eqiad.main‐75f86cb67d‐v4lzt Cached time: 20241118185732 Cache expiry: 2592000 Reduced expiry: false Complications: [show‐toc] CPU time usage: 0.533 seconds Real time usage: 0.594 seconds Preprocessor visited node count: 35237/1000000 Post‐expand include size: 390485/2097152 bytes Template argument size: 64896/2097152 bytes Highest expansion depth: 12/100 Expensive parser function count: 0/500 Unstrip recursion depth: 0/20 Unstrip post‐expand size: 0/5000000 bytes Lua time 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