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toxicity</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: chronic toxicity"> <meta name="keywords" content="chronic toxicity"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none 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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="chronic toxicity"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 2281</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: chronic toxicity</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2281</span> Chronic Toxicity of Halofenozide on a Larvivorous Fish, Gambusia affinis: Acetylcholinesterase, Glutathione S-transferase Activities and Glutathione</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouahda%20Salima">Chouahda Salima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soltani%20Noureddine"> Soltani Noureddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is a part of biological control against mosquitoes. It aims to assess the impact of a selective insect growth regulator: halofenozide in mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) used in assessing of environmental stress were measured in juveniles and adults males and females. The response of these biomarkers reveals an inhibition of AChE specific activity, an induction of GST activity, and decrease of GSH rates in juveniles in the end of experiment and during chronic treatment adult males and females. The effect of these biomarkers is more pronounced in females compared to males and juveniles. These different biomarkers have a similar profile for the duration of exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title="biomarkers">biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20toxicity" title=" chronic toxicity"> chronic toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halofenozide" title=" halofenozide"> halofenozide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gambusia%20affinis" title=" Gambusia affinis"> Gambusia affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32658/chronic-toxicity-of-halofenozide-on-a-larvivorous-fish-gambusia-affinis-acetylcholinesterase-glutathione-s-transferase-activities-and-glutathione" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32658.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">341</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2280</span> Impact of Two Xenobiotics in Mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis: Several Approaches</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Chouahda%20Salima">Chouahda Salima</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Soltani%20Noureddine"> Soltani Noureddine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study is a part of biological control against mosquitoes. It aims to assess the impact of two xenobiotics (a selective insect growth regulator: halofenozide and heavy metals: cadmium, more toxic and widespread in the region) in mosquitofish: Gambusia affinis. Several approaches were examined: Acute toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide: The acute toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide was examined in juvenile and adult males and females of G. affinis at different concentrations, cadmium causes mortality of the species studied with a relation dose-response. In laboratory conditions, the impact of cadmium was determined on two biomarkers of environmental stress: glutathione and acetylcholinesterase. The results show that the juvenile followed by adult males are more susceptible than adult females, while the halofenozide does not have any effect on the mortality of juvenile and adult males and females of G.affinis. Chronic toxicity of cadmium and halofenozide: both xenobiotics were added to the water fish raising at different doses tested in juveniles and adults males and females during two months of experience. Growth and metric indices; results show that halofenozide added to the water juveniles of G. affinis has no effect on their growth (length and weight). On the other side, the cadmium at the dose 5 µg/L shows a higher toxicity against juvenile, where he appears to reduce significantly their linear growth and weight. In females, the both xenobiotics have significant effects on metric indices, but these effects are more important on the hepatosomatic index that the gonadosomatic index and the coefficient of condition. Biomarkers; acetylcholinesterase (AChE), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and glutathione (GSH) used in assessing of environmental stress were measured in juveniles and adults males and females. The response of these biomarkers reveals an inhibition of AChE specific activity, an induction of GST activity, and decrease of GSH rates in juveniles in the end of experiment and during chronic treatment adult males and females. The effect of these biomarkers is more pronounced in females compared to males and juveniles. These different biomarkers have a similar profile for the duration of exposure. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gambusia%20affinis" title="gambusia affinis">gambusia affinis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=insecticide" title=" insecticide"> insecticide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=heavy%20metal" title=" heavy metal"> heavy metal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=morphology" title=" morphology"> morphology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biomarkers" title=" biomarkers"> biomarkers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20toxicity" title=" chronic toxicity"> chronic toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pollution" title=" pollution"> pollution</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39648/impact-of-two-xenobiotics-in-mosquitofish-gambusia-affinis-several-approaches" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39648.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">314</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2279</span> Nephrotoxicity and Hepatotoxicity Induced by Chronic Aluminium Exposure in Rats: Impact of Nutrients Combination versus Social Isolation and Protein Malnutrition</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20A.%20Ali">Azza A. Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Doaa%20M.%20Abd%20El-Latif"> Doaa M. Abd El-Latif</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Amany%20M.%20Gad"> Amany M. Gad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yasser%20M.%20A.%20Elnahas"> Yasser M. A. Elnahas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karema%20Abu-Elfotuh"> Karema Abu-Elfotuh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Exposure to Aluminium (Al) has been increased recently. It is found in food products, food additives, drinking water, cosmetics and medicines. Chronic consumption of Al causes oxidative stress and has been implicated in several chronic disorders. Liver is considered as the major site for detoxification while kidney is involved in the elimination of toxic substances and is a target organ of metal toxicity. Social isolation (SI) or protein malnutrition (PM) also causes oxidative stress and has negative impact on Al-induced nephrotoxicity as well as hepatotoxicity. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a powerful intracellular antioxidant with mitochondrial membrane stabilizing ability while wheat grass is a natural product with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and different protective activities, cocoa is also potent antioxidants and can protect against many diseases. They provide different degrees of protection from the impact of oxidative stress. Objective: To study the impact of social isolation together with Protein malnutrition on nephro- and hepato-toxicity induced by chronic Al exposure in rats as well as to investigate the postulated protection using a combination of Co Q10, wheat grass and cocoa. Methods: Eight groups of rats were used; four served as protected groups and four as un-protected. Each of them received daily for five weeks AlCl3 (70 mg/kg, IP) for Al-toxicity model groups except one group served as control. Al-toxicity model groups were divided to Al-toxicity alone, SI- associated PM (10% casein diet) and Al- associated SI&PM groups. Protection was induced by oral co-administration of CoQ10 (200mg/kg), wheat grass (100mg/kg) and cocoa powder (24mg/kg) combination together with Al. Biochemical changes in total bilirubin, lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, proteins, creatinine and urea as well as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), lactate deshydrogenase (LDH) were measured in serum of all groups. Specimens of kidney and liver were used for assessment of oxidative parameters (MDA, SOD, TAC, NO), inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-6β, nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), Caspase-3) and DNA fragmentation in addition to evaluation of histopathological changes. Results: SI together with PM severely enhanced nephro- and hepato-toxicity induced by chronic Al exposure. Co Q10, wheat grass and cocoa combination showed clear protection against hazards of Al exposure either alone or when associated with SI&PM. Their protection were indicated by the significant decrease in Al-induced elevations in total bilirubin, lipids, cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, creatinine and urea levels as well as ALT, AST, ALP, LDH. Liver and kidney of the treated groups also showed significant decrease in MDA, NO, TNF-α, IL-6β, NF-κB, caspase-3 and DNA fragmentation, together with significant increase in total proteins, SOD and TAC. Biochemical results were confirmed by the histopathological examinations. Conclusion: SI together with PM represents a risk factor in enhancing nephro- and hepato-toxicity induced by Al in rats. CoQ10, wheat grass and cocoa combination provide clear protection against nephro- and hepatotoxicity as well as the consequent degenerations induced by chronic Al-exposure even when associated with the risk of SI together with PM. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aluminum" title="aluminum">aluminum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nephrotoxicity" title=" nephrotoxicity"> nephrotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hepatotoxicity" title=" hepatotoxicity"> hepatotoxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=isolation%20and%20protein%20malnutrition" title=" isolation and protein malnutrition"> isolation and protein malnutrition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=coenzyme%20Q10" title=" coenzyme Q10"> coenzyme Q10</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wheatgrass" title=" wheatgrass"> wheatgrass</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocoa" title=" cocoa"> cocoa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nutrients%20combinations" title=" nutrients combinations"> nutrients combinations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63740/nephrotoxicity-and-hepatotoxicity-induced-by-chronic-aluminium-exposure-in-rats-impact-of-nutrients-combination-versus-social-isolation-and-protein-malnutrition" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63740.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">247</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2278</span> Gamma-Hydroxybutyrate (GHB): A Review for the Prehospital Clinician</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Theo%20Welch">Theo Welch</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background: Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is a depressant of the central nervous system with euphoric effects. It is being increasingly used recreationally in the United Kingdom (UK) despite associated morbidity and mortality. Due to the lack of evidence, healthcare professionals remain unsure as to the optimum management of GHB acute toxicity. Methods: A literature review was undertaken of its pharmacology and the emergency management of its acute toxicity.Findings: GHB is inexpensive and readily available over the Internet. Treatment of GHB acute toxicity is supportive. Clinicians should pay particular attention to the airway as emesis is common. Intubation is required in a minority of cases. Polydrug use is common and worsens prognosis. Conclusion: An inexpensive and readily available drug, GHB acute toxicity can be difficult to identify and treat. GHB acute toxicity is generally treated conservatively. Further research is needed to ascertain the indications, benefits, and risks of intubating patients with GHB acute toxicity. instructions give you guidelines for preparing papers for the conference. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=GHB" title="GHB">GHB</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamma-hydroxybutyrate" title=" gamma-hydroxybutyrate"> gamma-hydroxybutyrate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prehospital" title=" prehospital"> prehospital</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency" title=" emergency"> emergency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=management" title=" management"> management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141712/gamma-hydroxybutyrate-ghb-a-review-for-the-prehospital-clinician" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/141712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">201</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2277</span> Sudden Death of a Cocaine Body Packer: An Autopsy Examination Findings</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parthasarathi%20Pramanik">Parthasarathi Pramanik</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Body packing is a way of transfer drugs across the international border or any drug prohibited area. The drugs are usually hidden in body packets inside the anatomical body cavities like mouth, intestines, rectum, ear, vagina etc. Cocaine is a very common drug for body packing across the world. A 48 year old male was reported dead in his hotel after complaining of chest pain and vomiting. At autopsy, there were eighty-two white cylindrical body packs in the stomach, small and large intestines. Seals of few of the packets were opened. Toxicological examination revealed presence of cocaine in the stomach, liver, kidney and hair samples. Microscopically, presence of myocardial necrosis with interstitial oedema along with hypertrophy and fibrosis of the myocardial fibre suggested heart failure due to cocaine cardio toxicity. However, focal lymphocyte infiltration and perivascular fibrosis in the myocardium also indicated chronic cocaine toxicity of the deceased. After careful autopsy examination it was considered the victim was died due congestive heart failure secondary to acute and chronic cocaine poisoning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cardiac%20failure" title="cardiac failure">cardiac failure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cocaine" title=" cocaine"> cocaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=body%20packer" title=" body packer"> body packer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sudden%20death" title=" sudden death"> sudden death</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54469/sudden-death-of-a-cocaine-body-packer-an-autopsy-examination-findings" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54469.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2276</span> Consumption Insurance against the Chronic Illness: Evidence from Thailand</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuthapoom%20Thanakijborisut">Yuthapoom Thanakijborisut </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper studies consumption insurance against the chronic illness in Thailand. The study estimates the impact of household consumption in the chronic illness on consumption growth. Chronic illness is the health care costs of a person or a household’s decision in treatment for the long term; the causes and effects of the household’s ability for smooth consumption. The chronic illnesses are measured in health status when at least one member within the household faces the chronic illness. The data used is from the Household Social Economic Panel Survey conducted during 2007 and 2012. The survey collected data from approximately 6,000 households from every province, both inside and outside municipal areas in Thailand. The study estimates the change in household consumption by using an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model. The result shows that the members within the household facing the chronic illness would reduce the consumption by around 4%. This case indicates that consumption insurance in Thailand is quite sufficient against chronic illness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption%20insurance" title="consumption insurance">consumption insurance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20illness" title=" chronic illness"> chronic illness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20care" title=" health care"> health care</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thailand" title=" Thailand"> Thailand</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55581/consumption-insurance-against-the-chronic-illness-evidence-from-thailand" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55581.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2275</span> Studies on Effect of Nano Size and Surface Coating on Enhancement of Bioavailability and Toxicity of Berberine Chloride; A p-gp Substrate</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sanjay%20Singh">Sanjay Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parameswara%20Rao%20Vuddanda"> Parameswara Rao Vuddanda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of the present study is study the factual benefit of nano size and surface coating of p-gp efflux inhibitor on enhancement of bioavailability of Berberine chloride (BBR); a p-gp substrate. In addition, 28 days sub acute oral toxicity study was also conducted to assess the toxicity of the formulation on chronic administration. BBR loaded polymeric nanoparticles (BBR-NP) were prepared by nanoprecipitation method. BBR NP were surface coated (BBR-SCNP) with the 1 % w/v of vitamin E TPGS. For bioavailability study, total five groups (n=6) of rat were treated as follows first; pure BBR, second; physical mixture of BBR, carrier and vitamin E TPGS, third; BBR-NP, fourth; BBR-SCNP and fifth; BBR and verapamil (widely used p-gp inhibitor). Blood was withdrawn at pre-set timing points in 24 hrs study and drug was quantified by HPLC method. In oral chronic toxicity study, total four groups (n=6) were treated as follows first (control); water, second; pure BBR, third; BBR surface coated nanoparticles and fourth; placebo BBR surface coated nanoparticles. Biochemical levels of liver (AST, ALP and ALT) and kidney (serum urea and creatinine) along with their histopathological studies were also examined (0-28 days). The AUC of BBR-SCNP was significantly 3.5 folds higher compared to all other groups. The AUC of BBR-NP was 3.23 and 1.52 folds higher compared to BBR solution and BBR with verapamil group, respectively. The physical mixture treated group showed slightly higher AUC than BBR solution treated group but significantly low compared to other groups. It indicates that encapsulation of BBR in nanosize form can circumvent P-gp efflux effect. BBR-NP showed pharmacokinetic parameters (Cmax and AUC) which are near to BBR-SCNP. However, the difference in values of T1/2 and clearance indicate that surface coating with vitamin E TPGS not only avoids the P-gp efflux at its absorption site (intestine) but also at organs which are responsible for metabolism and excretion (kidney and liver). It may be the reason for observed decrease in clearance of BBR-SCNP. No toxicity signs were observed either in biochemical or histopathological examination of liver and kidney during toxicity studies. The results indicate that administration of BBR in surface coated nanoformulation would be beneficial for enhancement of its bioavailability and longer retention in systemic circulation. Further, sub acute oral dose toxicity studies for 28 days such as evaluation of intestine, liver and kidney histopathology and biochemical estimations indicated that BBR-SCNP developed were safe for long use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bioavailability" title="bioavailability">bioavailability</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=berberine%20nanoparticles" title=" berberine nanoparticles"> berberine nanoparticles</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=p-gp%20efflux%20inhibitor" title=" p-gp efflux inhibitor"> p-gp efflux inhibitor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanoprecipitation%20method" title=" nanoprecipitation method"> nanoprecipitation method</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17589/studies-on-effect-of-nano-size-and-surface-coating-on-enhancement-of-bioavailability-and-toxicity-of-berberine-chloride-a-p-gp-substrate" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/17589.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">390</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2274</span> Effect of Chronic Exposure to Diazinon on Glucose Homeostasis and Oxidative Stress in Pancreas of Rats and the Potential Role of Mesna in Ameliorating This Effect</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Azza%20El-Medany">Azza El-Medany</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jamila%20El-Medany"> Jamila El-Medany</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Residential and agricultural pesticide use is widespread in the world. Their extensive and indiscriminative use, in addition with their ability to interact with biological systems other than their primary targets constitute a health hazards to both humans and animals. The toxic effects of pesticides include alterations in metabolism; there is a lack of knowledge that organophosphates can cause pancreatic toxicity. The primary goal of this work is to study the effects of chronic exposure to Diazinon an organophosphate used in agriculture on pancreatic tissues and evaluate the ameliorating effect of Mesna as antioxidant on the toxicity of Diazinon on pancreatic tissues.40 adult male rats, their weight ranged between 300-350 g. The rats were classified into three groups; control (10 rats) was received corn oil at a dose of 1 0 mg/kg/day by gavage once a day for 2 months. Diazinon (15 rats) was received Diazinon at a dose of 10 mg/kg/day dissolved in corn oil by gavage once a day for 2 months. Treated group (15 rats), were received Mesna 180mg/kg once a week by gavage 15 minutes before administration of Diazinon for 2 months. At the end of the experiment, animals were anesthetized, blood samples were taken by cardiac puncture for glucose and insulin assays and pancreas was removed and divided into 3 portions; first portion for histopathological study; second portion for ultrastructural study; third portion for biochemical study using Elisa Kits including determination of malondialdehyde (MDA), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), myeloperoxidase activity (MPO), interleukin 1β (IL-1β). A significant increase in the levels of MDA, TNF-α, MPO activity, IL-1β, serum glucose levels in the toxicated group with Diazinon were observed, while a significant reduction was noticed in GSH in serum insulin levels. After treatment with Mesna a significant reduction was observed in the previously mentioned parameters except that there was a significant rise in GSH in insulin levels. Histopathological and ultra-structural studies showed destruction in pancreatic tissues and β cells were the most affected cells among the injured islets as compared with the control group. The current study try to spot light about the effects of chronic exposure to pesticides on vital organs as pancreas also the role of oxidative stress that may be induced by them in evoking their toxicity. This study shows the role of antioxidant drugs in ameliorating or preventing the toxicity. This appears to be a promising approach that may be considered as a complementary treatment of pesticide toxicity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diazinon" title="Diazinon">Diazinon</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reduced%20glutathione" title=" reduced glutathione"> reduced glutathione</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=myeloperoxidase%20activity" title=" myeloperoxidase activity"> myeloperoxidase activity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tumor%20necrosis%20factor%20%CE%B1" title=" tumor necrosis factor α"> tumor necrosis factor α</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mesna" title=" Mesna"> Mesna</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3472/effect-of-chronic-exposure-to-diazinon-on-glucose-homeostasis-and-oxidative-stress-in-pancreas-of-rats-and-the-potential-role-of-mesna-in-ameliorating-this-effect" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/3472.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2273</span> Vitamin D Intoxication with Hypercalcemia Due to Overuse of Supplement</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sara%20Ataei">Sara Ataei</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mohammad%20Bagher%20Oghazian"> Mohammad Bagher Oghazian</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mania%20Radfar"> Mania Radfar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> We describe a patient with hypercalcemia associated with the injection of high doses vitamin D as supplement for a period of six months. A 76-year-old woman had been taking an intramuscular injection of vitamin D 300,000 IU every ten days for six months. She was hospitalized with symptoms of hypercalcemia: chronic constipation, unstable gait, a chronic generalized musculoskeletal pain and increased fatigue. On admission her 25 (OH) vitamin D and Calcium levels were 559 nmol/L and 13.85 mg/dL respectively, and Parathyroid Hormone (PTH) level was 7.1 pg/mL. Immediately she received diuresis therapy with saline and furosemide in conjunction with calcitonin and pamidronate. At discharge her serum calcium level was 11.5 mg/dL. To lower endogenous overproduction of calcitriol, prednisolone 20 mg/day for 10 days was administered at discharge time. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D" title="vitamin D">vitamin D</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hypercalcemia" title=" hypercalcemia"> hypercalcemia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vitamin%20D%20toxicity" title=" vitamin D toxicity"> vitamin D toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=parathyroid%20hormone" title=" parathyroid hormone"> parathyroid hormone</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22662/vitamin-d-intoxication-with-hypercalcemia-due-to-overuse-of-supplement" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/22662.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">492</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2272</span> Intrathecal Fentanyl with 0.5% Bupivacaine Heavy in Chronic Opium Abusers</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suneet%20Kathuria">Suneet Kathuria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shikha%20Gupta"> Shikha Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kapil%20Dev"> Kapil Dev</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sunil%20Katyal"> Sunil Katyal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic use of opioids in opium abusers can cause poor pain control and increased analgaesic requirement. We compared the duration of spinal anaesthesia in chronic opium abusers and non-abusers. This prospective randomised study included 60 American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) Grade I or II adults undergoing surgery under spinal anaesthesia with 10 mg bupivacaine, and 25 μg fentanyl in non-opium abusers (Group A); and chronic opium abusers (Group B), and 40 μg fentanyl in chronic opium abusers (Group C). Patients were assessed for onset and duration of sensory and motor blockade and duration of effective analgesia. Mean time to onset of adequate analgesia in opium abusers was significantly longer in chronic opium abusers than in opium-naive patients. The duration of sensory block and motor block was significantly less in chronic opium abusers than in non-opium abusers. Duration of effective analgesia in groups A, B and C was 255.55 ± 26.84, 217.85 ± 15.15, and 268.20 ± 18.25 minutes, respectively; this difference was statistically significant. In chronic opium abusers, the duration of spinal anaesthesia is significantly shorter than that in opium nonabusers. The duration of spinal anaesthesia with bupivacaine and fentanyl in chronic opium abusers can be improved by increasing the intrathecal fentanyl dose from 25 μg to 40 μg. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bupivacaine" title="bupivacaine">bupivacaine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20opium%20abusers" title=" chronic opium abusers"> chronic opium abusers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fentanyl" title=" fentanyl"> fentanyl</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intrathecal" title=" intrathecal"> intrathecal</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25490/intrathecal-fentanyl-with-05-bupivacaine-heavy-in-chronic-opium-abusers" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/25490.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">297</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2271</span> Prevalence and Risk Factors of Economic Toxicity in Gynecologic Malignancies: A Systematic Review</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dongliu%20Li">Dongliu Li</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: This study systematically evaluates the incidence and influencing factors of economic toxicity in patients with gynecological malignant tumors. Methods: Literature on economic toxicity of gynecological malignancies were comprehensively searched in Pubmed, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Database, Chinese Biomedical Literature database and VIP database. The search period is up to February 2024. Stata 17 software was used to conduct a single-group meta-analysis of the incidence of economic toxicity in gynecological malignant tumors, and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the influencing factors. Results: A total of 11 pieces of literature were included, including 6475 patients with gynecological malignant tumors. The results of the meta-analysis showed that the incidence of economic toxicity in gynecological malignant tumors was 40% (95%CI 31%—48%). The influencing factors of economic toxicity in patients with gynecological malignant tumors include social demographic factors, medical insurance-related factors and disease-related factors. Conclusion: The incidence of economic toxicity in patients with gynecological malignant tumors is high, and medical staff should conduct early screening of patients according to relevant influencing factors, personalized assessment of patients' economic status, early prevention work and personalized intervention measures. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gynecological%20malignancy" title="gynecological malignancy">gynecological malignancy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economic%20toxicity" title=" economic toxicity"> economic toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20incidence%20rate" title=" the incidence rate"> the incidence rate</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=influencing%20factors" title=" influencing factors"> influencing factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=systematic%20review" title=" systematic review"> systematic review</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191619/prevalence-and-risk-factors-of-economic-toxicity-in-gynecologic-malignancies-a-systematic-review" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/191619.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">30</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2270</span> Experienced Chronic Sorrow in Mothers of Children with Cancer: A Phenomenological Study</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nikfarid%20Lida">Nikfarid Lida</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maryam%20Rassouli"> Maryam Rassouli</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Leili%20Borimnejad"> Leili Borimnejad</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamid%20Alavi%20Majd"> Hamid Alavi Majd</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: Chronic sorrow is experienced by mothers of children with cancer. It is a multidimensional concept and is experienced by mothers in different ways depends on their various contexts. Little is known about the concept of chronic sorrow in mothers of children with cancer living in Iran. This study aimed to clarify the concept and explain lived experiences of chronic sorrow in Iranian mothers of children with cancer. Methods: In this hermeneutic phenomenological study, 8 mothers of children with cancer participated in semi structured in-depth interviews about their experiences of chronic sorrow. Interviews continued until data saturation was reached. All interviews were recorded, transcribed, analyzed, and interpreted using 7 steps of the Dickelman et al’s phenomenological approach. Results: Three main themes emerged from mothers’ experiences of chronic sorrow related to child’s cancer. These main themes were ‘climbing up shaky rocks,’ ‘fear and hope,’ and ‘continuous role changing.’ Each of these themes consisted of several subthemes. Conclusion: There are similarities in experiencing chronic sorrow by mothers of children with chronic diseases in different societies. However some experiences are unique in Iranian mothers of children with cancer. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cancer" title="cancer">cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title=" children"> children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mothers" title=" mothers"> mothers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Iran" title=" Iran"> Iran</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=phenomenology" title=" phenomenology"> phenomenology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40195/experienced-chronic-sorrow-in-mothers-of-children-with-cancer-a-phenomenological-study" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/40195.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">319</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2269</span> Estimation of the Acute Toxicity of Halogenated Phenols Using Quantum Chemistry Descriptors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Khadidja%20Bellifa">Khadidja Bellifa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sidi%20Mohamed%20Mekelleche"> Sidi Mohamed Mekelleche</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Phenols and especially halogenated phenols represent a substantial part of the chemicals produced worldwide and are known as aquatic pollutants. Quantitative structure–toxicity relationship (QSTR) models are useful for understanding how chemical structure relates to the toxicity of chemicals. In the present study, the acute toxicities of 45 halogenated phenols to Tetrahymena Pyriformis are estimated using no cost semi-empirical quantum chemistry methods. QSTR models were established using the multiple linear regression technique and the predictive ability of the models was evaluated by the internal cross-validation, the Y-randomization and the external validation. Their structural chemical domain has been defined by the leverage approach. The results show that the best model is obtained with the AM1 method (R²= 0.91, R²CV= 0.90, SD= 0.20 for the training set and R²= 0.96, SD= 0.11 for the test set). Moreover, all the Tropsha’ criteria for a predictive QSTR model are verified. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=halogenated%20phenols" title="halogenated phenols">halogenated phenols</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity%20mechanism" title=" toxicity mechanism"> toxicity mechanism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydrophobicity" title=" hydrophobicity"> hydrophobicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=electrophilicity%20index" title=" electrophilicity index"> electrophilicity index</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quantitative%20stucture-toxicity%20relationships" title=" quantitative stucture-toxicity relationships"> quantitative stucture-toxicity relationships</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45757/estimation-of-the-acute-toxicity-of-halogenated-phenols-using-quantum-chemistry-descriptors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/45757.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">300</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2268</span> Understanding Chronic Pain: Missing the Mark</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rachid%20El%20Khoury">Rachid El Khoury</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic pain is perhaps the most burdensome health issue facing the planet. Our understanding of the pathophysiology of chronic pain has increased substantially over the past 25 years, including but not limited to changes in the brain. However, we still do not know why chronic pain develops in some people and not in others. Most of the recent developments in pain science, that have direct relevance to clinical management, relate to our understanding of the role of the brain, the role of the immune system, or the role of cognitive and behavioral factors. Although the Biopsychosocial model of pain management was presented decades ago, the Bio-reductionist model remains, unfortunately, at the heart of many practices across professional and geographic boundaries. A large body of evidence shows that nociception is neither sufficient nor necessary for pain. Pain is a conscious experience that can certainly be, and often is, associated with nociception, however, always modulated by countless neurobiological, environmental, and cognitive factors. This study will clarify the current misconceptions of chronic pain concepts, and their misperceptions by clinicians. It will also attempt to bridge the considerable gap between what we already know on pain but somehow disregarded, the development in pain science, and clinical practice. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nociception" title=" nociception"> nociception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopsychosocial" title=" biopsychosocial"> biopsychosocial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuroplasticity" title=" neuroplasticity"> neuroplasticity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182045/understanding-chronic-pain-missing-the-mark" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/182045.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">63</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2267</span> In Vitro Evaluation of an Artificial Venous Valve</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joon%20Hock%20Yeo">Joon Hock Yeo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Munirah%20Ismail"> Munirah Ismail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic venous insufficiency is a condition where the venous wall or venous valves fail to operate properly. As such, it is difficult for the blood to return from the lower extremities back to the heart. Chronic venous insufficiency affects many people worldwide. In last decade, there have been many new and innovative designs of prosthetic venous valves to replace the malfunction native venous valves. However, thus far, to the authors’ knowledge, there is no successful prosthetic venous valve. In this project, we have developed a venous valve which could operate under low pressure. While further testing is warranted, this unique valve could potentially alleviate problems associated with chronic venous insufficiency. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prosthetic%20venous%20valve" title="prosthetic venous valve">prosthetic venous valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bi-leaflet%20valve" title=" bi-leaflet valve"> bi-leaflet valve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20venous%20insufficiency" title=" chronic venous insufficiency"> chronic venous insufficiency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=valve%20hemodynamics" title=" valve hemodynamics"> valve hemodynamics</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86146/in-vitro-evaluation-of-an-artificial-venous-valve" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/86146.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">195</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2266</span> Chronic Exposure of Mercury on Amino Acid Level in Freshwater Fish Clarias batrachus (Linn.)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mary%20Josephine%20Rani">Mary Josephine Rani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Virtually all metals are toxic to aquatic organisms because of the devastating effect of these metals on humans; heavy metals are one of the most toxic forms of aquatic pollution. Metal concentrations in aquatic organisms appear to be of several magnitudes higher than concentrations present in the ecosystem. Mercury is one of the most toxic heavy metals in the environment. The principal sources of contamination in wastewater are chloralkali plants, battery factories, mercury switches, and medical wastes. Elevated levels of mercury in aquatic organisms specially fish represent both an ecological and human concern. Amino acid levels were estimated in five tissues (gills, liver, kidney, brain and muscle) of Clariasbatrachus after 28 days of chronic exposure to mercury. Free amino acids serve as precursor for energy production under stress and for the synthesis of required proteins to face the metal challenge. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=amino%20acids" title="amino acids">amino acids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fish" title=" fish"> fish</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mercury" title=" mercury"> mercury</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity"> toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23927/chronic-exposure-of-mercury-on-amino-acid-level-in-freshwater-fish-clarias-batrachus-linn" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/23927.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">357</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2265</span> An Examination of Low Engagement in a Group-Based ACT Intervention for Chronic Pain Management: Highlighting the Need for User-Attainment Focused Digitalised Interventions</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Orestis%20Kasinopoulos">Orestis Kasinopoulos</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maria%20Karekla"> Maria Karekla</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vasilis%20Vasiliou"> Vasilis Vasiliou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Evangelos%20Karademas"> Evangelos Karademas</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is an empirically supported intervention for treating Chronic Pain Patients, yet its effectiveness for some chronic conditions or when adapted to other languages, has not been explored. An ACT group intervention was designed to explore the effectiveness of treating a Greek speaking heterogeneous sample of Chronic Pain patients with the aim of increasing quality of life, acceptance of pain and functionality. Sixty-nine patients were assessed and randomly assigned to an ACT or control group (relaxation techniques) for eight, 90-minute, sessions. Results are currently being analysed and follow-ups (6 and 12 month) are being completed. Low adherence rates and high attrition rates observed in the study, however point to the direction of future modified interventions. Such modifications may include web-based and smartphone interventions and their benefits in being implemented in chronic pain patients. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ACT" title=" ACT"> ACT</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=internet-delivered" title=" internet-delivered"> internet-delivered</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=digitalised%20intervention" title=" digitalised intervention"> digitalised intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=adherence" title=" adherence"> adherence</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=attrition" title=" attrition"> attrition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42264/an-examination-of-low-engagement-in-a-group-based-act-intervention-for-chronic-pain-management-highlighting-the-need-for-user-attainment-focused-digitalised-interventions" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/42264.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">363</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2264</span> Metal Nanoparticles Caused Death of Metastatic MDA-MB-231 Cells</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=O.%20S.%20Adeyemi">O. S. Adeyemi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20G.%20Whiteley"> C. G. Whiteley</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present study determined the toxic potential of metal nanoparticles in cell culture system. Silver and gold nanoparticles were synthesized and characterized following established "green" protocols. The synthesized nanoparticles, in varying concentrations ranging from 0.1–100 µM were evaluated for toxicity in metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells. The nanoparticles promoted a generation of reactive oxygen species and reduced cell viability to less than 50% in the demonstration of cellular toxicity. The nanoparticles; gold and the silver-gold mixture had IC50 values of 56.65 and 18.44 µM respectively. The IC50 concentration for silver nanoparticles could not be determined. Furthermore, the probe of the cell death using flow cytometry and confocal microscopy revealed the partial involvement of apoptosis as well as necrosis. Our results revealed cellular toxicity caused by the nanoparticles but the mechanism remains yet undefined. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cell%20death" title="cell death">cell death</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanomedicine" title=" nanomedicine"> nanomedicine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanotoxicology" title=" nanotoxicology"> nanotoxicology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=toxicity" title=" toxicity "> toxicity </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24934/metal-nanoparticles-caused-death-of-metastatic-mda-mb-231-cells" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/24934.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">394</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2263</span> Estimation of Chronic Kidney Disease Using Artificial Neural Network</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ilker%20Ali%20Ozkan">Ilker Ali Ozkan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, an artificial neural network model has been developed to estimate chronic kidney failure which is a common disease. The patients’ age, their blood and biochemical values, and 24 input data which consists of various chronic diseases are used for the estimation process. The input data have been subjected to preprocessing because they contain both missing values and nominal values. 147 patient data which was obtained from the preprocessing have been divided into as 70% training and 30% testing data. As a result of the study, artificial neural network model with 25 neurons in the hidden layer has been found as the model with the lowest error value. Chronic kidney failure disease has been able to be estimated accurately at the rate of 99.3% using this artificial neural network model. The developed artificial neural network has been found successful for the estimation of chronic kidney failure disease using clinical data. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=estimation" title="estimation">estimation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artificial%20neural%20network" title=" artificial neural network"> artificial neural network</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20kidney%20failure%20disease" title=" chronic kidney failure disease"> chronic kidney failure disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=disease%20diagnosis" title=" disease diagnosis"> disease diagnosis</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38766/estimation-of-chronic-kidney-disease-using-artificial-neural-network" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/38766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">447</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2262</span> Use of Adjunctive Cannabinoids in Opioid Dosing for Patients with Chronic Pain</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kristina%20De%20Milt">Kristina De Milt</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nicole%20Huang"> Nicole Huang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jihye%20Park"> Jihye Park</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Opioids have been a mainstay of the treatment of chronic pain, but their overprescription and misuse have led to an opioid epidemic. Recently, as an attempt to decrease the number of opioids prescribed, the use of cannabinoid therapy has become an increasingly popular adjunctive chronic pain management choice among providers. This review of literature investigates the effects of adjunctive cannabinoids to opioids in the management of chronic pain. The nine articles are included in the literature review range from observational studies to meta-analyses published in the year 2016 and after. A majority of the studies showed a decrease in the need for opioids after adjunctive cannabinoids were introduced and, in some instances, the cessation of opioid consumption. More high-quality evidence is needed to further support this stance and providers should weigh the benefits and risks of adjunctive cannabinoids according to the clinical picture. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cannabis" title="cannabis">cannabis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title=" chronic pain"> chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=opioids" title=" opioids"> opioids</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pain%20management" title=" pain management"> pain management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142831/use-of-adjunctive-cannabinoids-in-opioid-dosing-for-patients-with-chronic-pain" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/142831.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">253</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2261</span> Toxicological Study of Umbilicus rupesris L. Leaves: Hematological, Biochemical, and Histopathological Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Afaf%20Benhouda">Afaf Benhouda</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mouloud%20Yahia"> Mouloud Yahia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hachani%20Khadraoui"> Hachani Khadraoui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Asma%20Meddour"> Asma Meddour</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Souhila%20Benbia"> Souhila Benbia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdelmoudjib%20Ghecham"> Abdelmoudjib Ghecham</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Djahida%20Benhouda"> Djahida Benhouda</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Umbilicus rupestris (UR) is an herbal medicine traditionally applied against the ignitions of the skin. The present paper aimed to study the acute and subacute toxicity with orally administered methanolic leaves extract of Umbilicus rupestris L (URMeOH). In acute toxicity tests, four groups of rats (n = 6/group/female) were orally treated with doses of 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 mg/kg, and general behaviour, adverse effects, and mortality were recorded for up to 14 days. In subacute toxicity study, rats received URAMeOH by gavage at the doses of 100, 200 mg/kg/day (n = 6/group) for 28 days, and biochemical, hematological, and histopathological changes in tissues (liver, kidney) were determined. URMeOH did not produce any hazardous symptoms or death and in the acute toxicity test. Subacute treatment with URMeOH did not show any change in body weight, and hematological and biochemical profiles. In addition, no change was observed either in macroscopic or microscopic aspects of vital organs in rats. Our result showed that Umbilicus rupestris extract could be safe for human use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title="acute toxicity">acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biochemical%20parameters" title=" biochemical parameters"> biochemical parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hematological%20parameters" title=" hematological parameters"> hematological parameters</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Umbilicus%20rupestris" title=" Umbilicus rupestris"> Umbilicus rupestris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subacute%20toxicity" title=" subacute toxicity"> subacute toxicity</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6931/toxicological-study-of-umbilicus-rupesris-l-leaves-hematological-biochemical-and-histopathological-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/6931.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">345</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2260</span> Pre-Administration of Thunbergia Laurifolia Linn. Prevent the Increase of Dopamine in the Nucleus Accumbens in Ethanol Addicted Rats</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Watchareewan%20Thongsaard">Watchareewan Thongsaard</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ratirat%20Sangpayap"> Ratirat Sangpayap</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Maneekarn%20Namsa-Aid"> Maneekarn Namsa-Aid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Thunbergia laurifolia Linn. (TL) is a herbal medicine which has been used as an antidote for several poisonous agents including insecticides and as a component of a mixture of crude extracts to treat drug addicted patients. The aim of this study is to examine the level of dopamine in nucleus accumbens after chronic pre-administration of TL in ethanol addicted rats. Male Wistar rats weigh 200-250 g received TL methanol extract (200mg/kg, orally) 60 minutes before 20% ethanol (1 g/kg, i.p.) for 30 days. The nucleus accumbens was removed and tested for dopamine by HPLC-ECD. The level of dopamine was significantly increased by chronic ethanol administration, whereas the chronic TL extract administration did not cause a difference in dopamine level when compared to control. Moreover, the pre-treatment of TL extract before ethanol significantly reduced the dopamine level in nucleus accumbens to normal level when compared with chronic ethanol administration alone. These results suggested that the increase in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens by chronic ethanol administration is the cause of ethanol addiction, and this effect is prevented by chronic TL pre-administration. Furthermore, chronic TL extract administration alone did not cause the changes in dopamine level in the nucleus accumbens, indicating that TL itself did not cause addiction. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Thunbergia%20laurifolia%20Linn." title="Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.">Thunbergia laurifolia Linn.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alcohol%20addiction" title=" alcohol addiction"> alcohol addiction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dopamine" title=" dopamine"> dopamine</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nucleus%20accumbens" title=" nucleus accumbens"> nucleus accumbens</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812/pre-administration-of-thunbergia-laurifolia-linn-prevent-the-increase-of-dopamine-in-the-nucleus-accumbens-in-ethanol-addicted-rats" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/101812.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">143</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2259</span> Environmental Parameters Influence on Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) Patients’ Quality of Life</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Kwok%20W.%20Mui">Kwok W. Mui</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ling%20T.%20Wong"> Ling T. Wong</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nai%20K.%20K.%20Fong"> Nai K. K. Fong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the fifth leading cause of death in Hong Kong. Investigators are eager to explore the environmental risk factors for COPD such as air pollution and occupational exposure. Through a cross-sectional survey, this study investigates the impact of air quality to the quality of life of patients with the COPD in terms of the scores of the (Chinese) chronic respiratory questionnaire (CCRQ) and the measurements of indoor air quality (IAQ) and Moser’s activities of daily living (ADL). Strong relationships between a number of indoor/outdoor environmental parameters were found and CRQ sub-scores for patients of COPD and thus indoor air pollutants must be monitored for future studies related to QOL for patients with COPD. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20obstructive%20pulmonary%20disease%20%28COPD%29" title="chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)">chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20pollutants" title=" indoor air pollutants"> indoor air pollutants</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20respiratory%20questionnaire%20%28CRQ%29" title=" chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ)"> chronic respiratory questionnaire (CRQ)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39989/environmental-parameters-influence-on-chronic-obstructive-pulmonary-disease-copd-patients-quality-of-life" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/39989.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">424</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2258</span> Synthetic Dermal Template Use in the Reconstruction of a Chronic Scalp Wound</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Stephanie%20Cornish">Stephanie Cornish</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The use of synthetic dermal templates, also known as dermal matrices, such as PolyNovo® Biodegradable Temporising Matrix (BTM), has been well established in the reconstruction of acute wounds with a full thickness defect of the skin. Its use has become common place in the treatment of full thickness burns and is not unfamiliar in the realm of necrotising fasciitis, free flap donor site reconstruction, and the management of acute traumatic wounds. However, the use of dermal templates for more chronic wounds is rare. The authors present the successful use of BTM in the reconstruction of a chronic scalp wound following the excision of a malignancy and multiple previous failed attempts at repair, thus demonstrating the potential for an increased scope of use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dermal%20template" title="dermal template">dermal template</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BTM" title=" BTM"> BTM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic" title=" chronic"> chronic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=scalp%20wound" title=" scalp wound"> scalp wound</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reconstruction" title=" reconstruction"> reconstruction</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152147/synthetic-dermal-template-use-in-the-reconstruction-of-a-chronic-scalp-wound" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152147.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2257</span> Two Weeks of Multi-Modal Inpatient Treatment: Patients Suffering from Chronic Musculoskeletal Pain for over 12 Months</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=D.%20Schafer">D. Schafer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Booke"> H. Booke</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Nordmeier"> R. Nordmeier</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain ( > 12 months) are a challenging clientele for pain specialists. A multimodal approach, characterized by a two weeks inpatient treatment, often is the ultimate therapeutic attempt. The lasting effects of such a multimodal approach were analyzed, especially since two weeks of inpatient therapy, although very intense, often seem too short to make a difference in patients suffering from chronic pain for years. The study includes 32 consecutive patients suffering from chronic pain over years who underwent a two weeks multimodal inpatient treatment of pain. Twelve months after discharge, each patient was interviewed to objectify any lasting effects. Pain was measured on admission and 12 months after discharge using the numeric rating scale (NRS). For statistics, a paired students' t-test was used. Significance was defined as p < 0.05. The average intensity of pain on admission was 8,6 on the NRS. Twelve months after discharge, the intensity of pain was still reduced by an average of 48% (average NRS 4,4), p < 0.05. Despite this significant improvement in pain severity, two thirds (66%) of the patients still judge their treatment as not sufficient. In conclusion, inpatient treatment of chronic pain has a long-lasting effect on the intensity of pain in patients suffering from chronic musculoskeletal pain for more than 12 months. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20pain" title="chronic pain">chronic pain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=inpatient%20treatment" title=" inpatient treatment"> inpatient treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multimodal%20pain%20treatment" title=" multimodal pain treatment"> multimodal pain treatment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musculoskeletal%20pain" title=" musculoskeletal pain"> musculoskeletal pain</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130697/two-weeks-of-multi-modal-inpatient-treatment-patients-suffering-from-chronic-musculoskeletal-pain-for-over-12-months" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/130697.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">165</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2256</span> Global Pandemic of Chronic Diseases: Public Health Challenges to Reduce the Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Benjamin%20Poku">Benjamin Poku</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Purpose: The purpose of the research is to conduct systematic reviews and synthesis of existing knowledge that addresses the growing incidence and prevalence of chronic diseases across the world and its impact on public health in relation to communicable diseases. Principal results: A careful compilation and summary of 15-20 peer-reviewed publications from reputable databases such as PubMed, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and other peer-reviewed journals indicate that the Global pandemic of Chronic diseases (such as diabetes, high blood pressure, etc.) have become a greater public health burden in proportion as compared to communicable diseases. Significant conclusions: Given the complexity of the situation, efforts and strategies to mitigate the negative effect of the Global Pandemic on chronic diseases within the global community must include not only urgent and binding commitment of all stakeholders but also a multi-sectorial long-term approach to increase the public health educational approach to meet the increasing world population of over 8 billion people and also the aging population as well to meet the complex challenges of chronic diseases. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pandemic" title="pandemic">pandemic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20disease" title=" chronic disease"> chronic disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=public%20health" title=" public health"> public health</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=health%20challenges" title=" health challenges"> health challenges</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161390/global-pandemic-of-chronic-diseases-public-health-challenges-to-reduce-the-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/161390.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">527</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2255</span> Antioxidant and Acute Toxicity of Stem Extracts of the Ficus Iteophylla</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Mukhtar">Muhammad Mukhtar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The aim of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant activity and acute toxicity of the extracts of Ficus iteophylla by reactions with 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl radical (DPPH) and method developed by Lork 1983, respectively. Stem bark of Ficus iteophylla was collected, air dried, pulverized to fine powdered and sequentially extracted using acetone, methanol and water in order of increasing polarity. The result shows strong radical scavenging activity against DPPH for all the extracts when compared with ascorbic acid. The LD50 of 316 mg/kg was calculated for all the three extras, and the values were found to be within the practically toxic range, and therefore, care should be taken when using the plants in traditional medicine. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=antioxidant" title="antioxidant">antioxidant</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20toxicity" title=" acute toxicity"> acute toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ficus%20iteophylla" title=" Ficus iteophylla"> Ficus iteophylla</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125341/antioxidant-and-acute-toxicity-of-stem-extracts-of-the-ficus-iteophylla" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/125341.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">159</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2254</span> Acute Oral Toxicity Study of Mystroxylon aethiopicum Root Bark Aqueous Extract in Albino Mice</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mhuji%20Kilonzo">Mhuji Kilonzo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Acute oral toxicity of Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous was evaluated in albino mice of either sex. In this study, five groups of mice were orally treated with doses of 1000, 2000, 3000, 4000 and 5000 mg/kg body weight of the crude extract. The mortality, signs of toxicity and body weights were observed individually for two weeks. At the end of the two weeks study, all animals were sacrificed, and the hematological and biochemical parameters, as well as organ weights relative to body weight of each animal, were determined. No mortality, signs of toxicity and abnormalities in vital organs were observed in the entire period of study for both treated and control groups of mice. Additionally, there were no significant changes (p > 0.05) in the blood hematology and biochemical analysis. However, the body weights of all mice increased significantly. The Mystroxylon aethiopicum root bark aqueous extract were found to have a high safe margin when administered orally. Hence, the extract can be utilized for pharmaceutical formulations. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acute%20oral%20toxicity" title="acute oral toxicity">acute oral toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=albino%20mice" title=" albino mice"> albino mice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mystroxylon%20aethiopicum" title=" Mystroxylon aethiopicum"> Mystroxylon aethiopicum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=safety" title=" safety"> safety</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63956/acute-oral-toxicity-study-of-mystroxylon-aethiopicum-root-bark-aqueous-extract-in-albino-mice" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/63956.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">289</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2253</span> Investigation of Chronic Drug Use Due to Chronic Diseases in Patients Admitted to Emergency Department</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Behcet%20Al">Behcet Al</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=%C5%9Eener%20Cindoruk"> Şener Cindoruk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Suat%20Zengin"> Suat Zengin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Murat%20Oktay"> Mehmet Murat Oktay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mehmet%20Mustafa%20Sunar"> Mehmet Mustafa Sunar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hatice%20Eroglu"> Hatice Eroglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cuma%20Yildirim"> Cuma Yildirim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Objective: In present study we aimed to investigate the chronic drug use due to chronic diseases in patients admitted to emergency department. Materials-Methods: 144 patients who applied to emergency department (ED) of medicine school of Gaziantep University between June 2013 and September 2013 with chronic diseases and use chronic drugs were included. Information about drugs used by patients were recorded. Results: Of patients, half were male, half were female, and the mean age was 58 years. The first three common diseases were diabetes mellitus, hypertension and coronary artery diseases. Of patients, %79.2 knew their illness. Fifty patients began to use drug within three months, 36 patient began to use within the last one year. While 42 patients brought all of their drugs with themselves, 17 patients brought along a portion of drugs. While three patients stopped their medication completely, 125 patients received medication on a regular basis. Fifty-two patient described the drugs with names, 13 patients described with their colors, 3 patients described by grammes, 45 patients described with the size of the tablet and 13 patients could not describe the drugs. Ninety-two patients explained which kind of drugs were used for each diseases, 17 patient explained partly, and 35 patients had no idea. Hundred patients received medication by themselves, 44 patients medications were giving by their relatives and med carers. Of medications, 140 were written by doctors directly, three medication were given by pharmacist; and one patient bought the drug by himself. For 11 patients the drugs were not harmonious to their diseases. Fifty-one patients admitted to the ED two times within last week, and 73 admitted two times within last month. Conclusion: The majority of patients with chronic diseases and use chronic drugs know their diseases and use the drugs in order, but do not have enough information about their medication. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=chronic%20disease" title="chronic disease">chronic disease</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drug%20use" title=" drug use"> drug use</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emergency%20department" title=" emergency department"> emergency department</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medication" title=" medication"> medication</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12353/investigation-of-chronic-drug-use-due-to-chronic-diseases-in-patients-admitted-to-emergency-department" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/12353.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">463</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">2252</span> Dental Fluorosis in Domestic Animals Inhabiting Industrial Area of Udaipur, Rajasthan, India</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lalita%20Panchal">Lalita Panchal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zulfiya%20Sheikh"> Zulfiya Sheikh</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fluoride is essential for teeth and bones development not only for human beings but also for animals. But excess intake of fluoride causes harmful effects on health. Fluorosis is a worldwide health hazard and India is also one of the endemic countries. Udaipur district of Rajasthan is also prone to fluorosis and superphosphate industries are aggravating fluoride toxicity in this area. Grazing fields for animals in the close vicinity of the industries, fodder and water are fluoride contaminated. Fluoride toxicity in the form of dental fluorosis was observed in domestic animals, inhabiting industrial area near Udaipur, where superphosphate fertilizer plants are functioning and releasing fluoride and fumes and effluents into the surroundings. These fumes and gases directly affect the vegetation of grazing field, thus allowing entry of fluoride into the food chain. A survey was conducted in this area to assess the severity of fluorosis, in 2015-16. It was a house to house survey and animal owners were asked for their fodder and water supply. Anterior teeth of the animal were observed. Domestic animals exhibited mild to severe signs of dental fluorosis. Teeth showed deep brown staining, patches, lines and abrasions. Even immature animals were affected badly. Most of the domestic animals were affected, but goats of this area showed chronic symptoms of fluorosis. Due to abrasion of teeth and paining teeth their chewing or grazing capacity and appetite reduced. Eventually, it reduced the life span of animals and increased the mortality rate. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=domestic%20animals" title="domestic animals">domestic animals</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fluoride%20toxicity" title=" fluoride toxicity"> fluoride toxicity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=industrial%20fluorosis" title=" industrial fluorosis"> industrial fluorosis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=superphosphate%20fertilizers" title=" superphosphate fertilizers"> superphosphate fertilizers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57512/dental-fluorosis-in-domestic-animals-inhabiting-industrial-area-of-udaipur-rajasthan-india" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57512.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> 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