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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Image</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reproduction" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reproduction"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Reproduction</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Reproduction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inadequate_referencing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inadequate_referencing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Inadequate referencing</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Inadequate_referencing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bird_bones" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bird_bones"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Bird bones</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">5 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Bird_bones-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Image</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">3 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Image_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bird_breathing" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bird_breathing"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>Bird breathing</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Bird_breathing-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Air_sacs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Air_sacs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Air sacs</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">4 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Air_sacs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Do_birds_have_a_tongue?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>Do birds have a tongue?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">16</span> <span>Merge Bird anatomy#scales with Scale (zoology)?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bone_marrow" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bone_marrow"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">17</span> <span>Bone marrow</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Bone_marrow-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A_suggestion_for_this_article..." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A_suggestion_for_this_article..."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">18</span> <span>A suggestion for this article...</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">3 comments</span> <ul id="toc-A_suggestion_for_this_article...-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">19</span> <span>Merging Lore (anatomy) into this article</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Supracoracoideus_picture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Supracoracoideus_picture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">20</span> <span>Supracoracoideus picture</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Supracoracoideus_picture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Section_on_muscles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Section_on_muscles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">21</span> <span>Section on muscles</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Section_on_muscles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Feathers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Feathers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">22</span> <span>Feathers</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Feathers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bird_Kidneys" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bird_Kidneys"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">23</span> <span>Bird Kidneys</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">2 comments</span> <ul id="toc-Bird_Kidneys-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-No_feathers,_no_wings?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#No_feathers,_no_wings?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">24</span> <span>No feathers, no wings?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-No_feathers,_no_wings?-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_modified" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_modified"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">25</span> <span>External links modified</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-External_links_modified-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_modified_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_modified_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">26</span> <span>External links modified</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-External_links_modified_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links_modified_3" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links_modified_3"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">27</span> <span>External links modified</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-External_links_modified_3-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Possible_Sections" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Possible_Sections"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">28</span> <span>Possible Sections</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Possible_Sections-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bursa_of_fabricius" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bursa_of_fabricius"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">29</span> <span>Bursa of fabricius</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Bursa_of_fabricius-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Muscular_System_Edits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Muscular_System_Edits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">30</span> <span>Muscular System Edits</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Muscular_System_Edits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">31</span> <span>Bird anatomy#Respiratory system versus Respiratory system#Birds</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">32</span> <span>Wiki Education assignment: Comparative Anatomy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-GK" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#GK"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">33</span> <span>GK</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 comment</span> <ul id="toc-GK-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_fragile_are_bird_bones?"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">34</span> <span>How fragile are bird bones?</span> </div> </a> <span class="ext-discussiontools-init-sidebar-meta">1 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data-file-height="381"/></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Birds" title="Portal:Birds">Birds portal</a></span></li></ul><b>Bird anatomy</b> is part of <i><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">WikiProject Birds</a></b></i>, an attempt at creating a standardized, informative and easy-to-use ornithological resource. If you would like to participate, visit the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds">project page</a>, where you can join the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Birds" title="Wikipedia talk:WikiProject Birds">discussion</a> and see a list of open tasks. <i>Please do not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SUBST" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SUBST">substitute</a> this template.</i><span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Birds</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Birds</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">bird articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-top"><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_bird_articles" title="Category:Top-importance bird articles">Top</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>Top-importance</b> on the <a 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style="text-align:center;font-size:90%;"><ul><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ABirds_tasks&action=edit">edit</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ABirds_tasks&action=history">history</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ABirds_tasks&action=watch">watch</a></li><li><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Template%3ABirds_tasks&action=purge">purge</a></li></ul> </div> <table style="background:none;color:inherit;width:auto;"> <tbody><tr> <td style="vertical-align:top;"> <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/75px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e6/Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg/100px-Nuvola_apps_korganizer.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128"/></a></span><br/><div style="width: 55px; height: 0px;"></div> </td> <td> <div style="position: relative; left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; z-index: 15;">Here are some tasks awaiting attention: <ul style="font-size: 100%; margin: 0px; padding: 0.3em 0px 0.3em 25px;"> <li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_articles" title="Wikipedia:Requested articles">Article requests</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Endemic_birds_of_Papua_New_Guinea" class="mw-redirect" title="Endemic birds of Papua New Guinea">Endemic birds of Papua New Guinea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds/Article_requests" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds/Article requests">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Cleanup" title="Wikipedia:Cleanup">Cleanup</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Bullfinch" title="Bullfinch">Bullfinch</a> • <a href="/wiki/Vesper_sparrow" title="Vesper sparrow">Vesper sparrow</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bird_flight" title="Bird flight">Bird flight</a> • <a href="/wiki/Bird_bath" title="Bird bath">Bird bath</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Cleanup%20needed">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Basic_copyediting" title="Wikipedia:Basic copyediting">Copyedit</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Plushcap" title="Plushcap">Plushcap</a> • <a href="/wiki/Magpie_duck" title="Magpie duck">Magpie duck</a> • <a href="/wiki/Saker_falcon" title="Saker falcon">Saker falcon</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Copy%20edit%20needed">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Writing_better_articles" title="Wikipedia:Writing better articles">Expand</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Phalarope" title="Phalarope">Phalarope</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nidicolous" class="mw-redirect" title="Nidicolous">Nidicolous</a> • <a href="/wiki/Gouldian_finch" title="Gouldian finch">Gouldian finch</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Cathartes" title="Cathartes">Cathartes</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Cnemophilidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cnemophilidae">Cnemophilidae</a> • <a href="/wiki/Avian_malaria" title="Avian malaria">Avian malaria</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds/Todo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds/Todo">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">NPOV</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Debeaking" class="mw-redirect" title="Debeaking">Debeaking</a> • <a href="/wiki/Driven_grouse_shooting" title="Driven grouse shooting">Driven grouse shooting</a> • <a href="/wiki/Abu_Dhabi_Falcon_Hospital" title="Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital">Abu Dhabi Falcon Hospital</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Neutrality">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stub" title="Wikipedia:Stub">Stubs</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Cathartiformes" title="Cathartiformes">Cathartiformes</a> • <a href="/wiki/Semiplumbeous_hawk" title="Semiplumbeous hawk">Semiplumbeous hawk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Rainbow-bearded_Thornbill" class="mw-redirect" title="Rainbow-bearded Thornbill">Rainbow-bearded Thornbill</a> • <a href="/wiki/Sunda_scops_owl" title="Sunda scops owl">Sunda scops owl</a> (<a href="/wiki/Category:Bird_stubs" title="Category:Bird stubs">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:As_of" title="Wikipedia:As of">Update</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Coal_tit" title="Coal tit">Coal tit</a> • <a href="/wiki/Scottish_crossbill" title="Scottish crossbill">Scottish crossbill</a> • <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonian_lorikeet" title="New Caledonian lorikeet">New Caledonian lorikeet</a> • <a href="/wiki/Operation_Migration" title="Operation Migration">Operation Migration</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Update%20needed">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Argus_(bird)" title="Argus (bird)">Argus (bird)</a> • <a href="/wiki/Blyth%27s_frogmouth" title="Blyth's frogmouth">Blyth's frogmouth</a> • <a href="/wiki/Nik_Borrow" title="Nik Borrow">Nik Borrow</a> • <i><a href="/wiki/Pytilia" title="Pytilia">Pytilia</a></i> • <i><a href="/wiki/Fregata" class="mw-redirect" title="Fregata">Fregata</a></i> • <a href="/wiki/Chestnut-headed_tesia" title="Chestnut-headed tesia">Chestnut-headed tesia</a> • <a href="/wiki/Darter" title="Darter">Darter</a> • <a href="/wiki/Pallid_scops_owl" title="Pallid scops owl">Pallid scops owl</a> • <a href="/wiki/Starling" title="Starling">Starling</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Cites%20no%20sources">more</a>)</li><li><b><i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikify" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Wikify">Wikify</a></i> :</b> <a href="/wiki/Ninox_boobook_ocellata" title="Ninox boobook ocellata">Ninox boobook ocellata</a> • <a href="/wiki/The_Institute_for_Bird_Populations" title="The Institute for Bird Populations">The Institute for Bird Populations</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html#Wikilinks%20needed">more</a>)</li><li><b><i>Other</i> :</b> Add photos to <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_requested_images_of_birds" title="Category:Wikipedia requested images of birds">bird articles needing photos</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/search/?l=commderiv&m=text&q=">search Flickr for free images</a>). Add taxonomic authorities to genus articles.</li> </ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>More outstanding tasks at <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bambots.brucemyers.com/cwb/bycat/Birds.html">the project's cleanup listing</a>, <a href="/wiki/Category:Birds_articles_needing_attention" title="Category:Birds articles needing attention">Category:Birds articles needing attention</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Birds/Todo" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds/Todo">Wikipedia:WikiProject Birds/Todo</a>. </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1259570071"><table class="tmbox tmbox-notice mw-collapsible innercollapse wpb wpb-table"><tbody><tr class="wpb-header"><td class="wpb-header-icon"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/32px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg" decoding="async" width="32" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/48px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/64px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="805"/></a></span></td><td class="wpb-header-combined"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy">Animal anatomy</a> <span class="wpb-header-bubbles import-high">High‑importance</span></td></tr><tr><td class="mbox-text wpb-main" colspan="2"><table><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image wpb-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="WikiProject icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/90px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/135px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg/180px-Eyes_of_a_Holcocephala_fusca_Robber_Fly.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="805"/></a></span></td><td class="mbox-text">This article is part of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy">WikiProject Animal anatomy</a></b>, an attempt to organise a detailed guide to all topics related to <a href="/wiki/Animal_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Animal anatomy">animal anatomy</a> apart from <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>. To participate, you can edit the attached article, or contribute further at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy">WikiProject Animal anatomy</a>. This project is an offshoot of <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animals" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animals">WikiProject Animals</a></b><span class="metadata wpb-metadata"><span class="wpb-project">Animal anatomy</span><span class="wpb-project_link">Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy</span><span class="wpb-banner_name">Template:WikiProject Animal anatomy</span><span class="wpb-assessment_cat">Animal anatomy articles</span></span></td><td class="mbox-empty-cell"></td></tr><tr><td class="assess import-high"><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Animal_anatomy_articles" title="Category:High-importance Animal anatomy articles">High</a></td><td class="mbox-text" colspan="2">This article has been rated as <b>High-importance</b> on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy/Assessment#Importance_scale" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Animal anatomy/Assessment">project's importance scale</a>.</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237879475"><table class="plainlinks tmbox tmbox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ambox_warning_blue.svg/40px-Ambox_warning_blue.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="34" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ambox_warning_blue.svg/60px-Ambox_warning_blue.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ambox_warning_blue.svg/80px-Ambox_warning_blue.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="378" data-file-height="326"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text">The following Wikipedia <b>contributor has declared a personal or professional connection</b> to the subject of this article. Relevant policies and guidelines may include <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">conflict of interest</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">autobiography</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">neutral point of view</a>. <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Phys2vec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Phys2vec (page does not exist)">Phys2vec</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Phys2vec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Phys2vec (page does not exist)">talk</a> <b>·</b> <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Phys2vec" title="Special:Contributions/Phys2vec">contribs</a>) This user has declared a connection. (Edited before knowing about COI. Please review recent changes by <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Phys2vec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Phys2vec (page does not exist)">Phys2vec</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Phys2vec&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Phys2vec (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Phys2vec-2021-06-30T02:24:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:24, 30 June 2021 (UTC)</a>)<span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Phys2vec-2021-06-30T02:24:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Phys2vec-2021-06-30T02:24:00.000Z"></span></li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Expand_language plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-notice skin-invert-image" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/50px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/75px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8a/Translation_to_english_arrow.svg/100px-Translation_to_english_arrow.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="60" data-file-height="20"/></span></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsed" style="font-size:100%; padding: 0px;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; padding-right: 3em; font-weight: normal; text-align: left">You can help <b>expand this article with text translated from <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luftsack_(Vogel)" class="extiw" title="de:Luftsack (Vogel)">the corresponding article</a> in German</b>. <i><small>(June 2014)</small></i> <small>Click [show] for important translation instructions.</small></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style=""> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/translate?&u=https%3A%2F%2Fde.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FLuftsack_(Vogel)&sl=de&tl=en&prev=_t&hl=en">View</a> a machine-translated version of the German article.</li> <li>Machine translation, like <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deepl.com">DeepL</a> or <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://translate.google.com/">Google Translate</a>, is a useful starting point for translations, but translators must revise errors as necessary and confirm that the translation is accurate, rather than simply copy-pasting machine-translated text into the English Wikipedia.</li> <li>Consider <b><a href="/wiki/Template:Expand_German#Topics_and_categorization" title="Template:Expand German">adding a topic</a></b> to this template: there are already 2,075 articles in the <a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_translation_from_German_Wikipedia" title="Category:Articles needing translation from German Wikipedia">main category</a>, and specifying<code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|topic=</code> will aid in categorization.</li> <li>Do not translate text that appears unreliable or low-quality. If possible, verify the text with references provided in the foreign-language article.</li> <li>You <b>must</b> provide <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copying_within_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Copying within Wikipedia">copyright attribution</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Help:Edit_summary" title="Help:Edit summary">edit summary</a> accompanying your translation by providing an <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage link</a> to the source of your translation. A model attribution edit summary is <code>Content in this edit is translated from the existing German Wikipedia article at [[:de:Luftsack (Vogel)]]; see its history for attribution.</code></li> <li>You may also add the template <code>{{Translated|de|Luftsack (Vogel)}}</code> to the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">talk page</a>.</li> <li>For more guidance, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Translation" title="Wikipedia:Translation">Wikipedia:Translation</a>.</li></ul></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment-2022-01-17T18:03:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment-2022-01-17T18:03:00.000Z"></span>Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment-2022-01-17T18:03:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-PrimeBOT-2022-01-17T18:03:00.000Z-Wiki_Education_Foundation-supported_course_assignment"></span><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article is or was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment. 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There are no professional user options to upload images when you export your images to it. Are you kind to name a wikipedia extension app for professional drawing? <span style="font-size: smaller;" class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/188.25.104.152" title="Special:Contributions/188.25.104.152">188.25.104.152</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:188.25.104.152" title="User talk:188.25.104.152">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-188.25.104.152-2011-07-23T18:48:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:48, 23 July 2011 (UTC)</a><span data-mw-comment-end="c-188.25.104.152-2011-07-23T18:48:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z"></span></span><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-188.25.104.152-2011-07-23T18:48:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" data-mw-thread-id="h-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z"><span id="Merge_of_Syrinx_.28biology.29"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z"></span>Merge of <a href="/wiki/Syrinx_(biology)" class="mw-redirect" title="Syrinx (biology)">Syrinx (biology)</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Merge of Syrinx (biology)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <ul><li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span>Merge</b> - <span style="font-family: Forte;"><big><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Jrockley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Jrockley (page does not exist)">Jack</a></big> <small><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jrockley" title="User talk:Jrockley">(talk)</a></small></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:26, 18 June 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jrockley-2006-06-18T23:26:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span></li> <li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Wsiegmund-2006-10-24T13:08:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span>Keep separate</b> -A look at what links here indicates a number of links that are specific to this article. <a class="external autonumber" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Whatlinkshere&target=Syrinx_(biology)">[1]</a> Moreove, I judge that it is likely to be expanded over the next year or two. <a href="/wiki/User:Wsiegmund" title="User:Wsiegmund">Walter Siegmund</a> <a href="/wiki/User_talk:Wsiegmund" title="User talk:Wsiegmund">(talk)</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Wsiegmund-2006-10-24T13:08:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">13:08, 24 October 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Wsiegmund-2006-10-24T13:08:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Wsiegmund-2006-10-24T13:08:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span></li> <li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-LittleOldMe-2006-12-08T16:18:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span>Keep separate</b> - I was reading the <a href="/wiki/Passerine" title="Passerine">passerine</a> birds article and I clicked the link to find out what a syrinx is. I'm sure I'm not the only person to do so. Burying it in an anatomy article would be a shame. <a href="/wiki/User:LittleOldMe" title="User:LittleOldMe">LittleOldMe</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-LittleOldMe-2006-12-08T16:18:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:18, 8 December 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-LittleOldMe-2006-12-08T16:18:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-LittleOldMe-2006-12-08T16:18:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span></li> <li><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kaw_in_stl-2006-12-20T15:27:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span>Keep separate'</i> - I agree that it belongs in a separate article. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Kaw_in_stl&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Kaw in stl (page does not exist)">Kaw in stl</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Kaw_in_stl-2006-12-20T15:27:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:27, 20 December 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kaw_in_stl-2006-12-20T15:27:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kaw_in_stl-2006-12-20T15:27:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span></li> <li><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-77lemonpie-2021-03-20T03:02:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span>Merge</b> - I think that the syrinx could go under the preexisting sections under the beak since it's in the area or be put under the reproductive systems since it's mating related. Also, I could help the concern for more information since I have a scholarly source about the mechanics:</li></ul> <p>→Riede, Tobias, et al. “The Evolution of the Syrinx: An Acoustic Theory.” <i>PLoS Biology</i>, vol. <b>17</b>, no. 2, Feb. 2019, pp. 1–22. EBSCOhost, doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.2006507. Let me know if this is a good fit for the section and final thoughts on merge vs. separate. <a href="/wiki/User:77lemonpie" title="User:77lemonpie">77lemonpie</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:77lemonpie" title="User talk:77lemonpie">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-77lemonpie-2021-03-20T03:02:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">03:02, 20 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-77lemonpie-2021-03-20T03:02:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-77lemonpie-2021-03-20T03:02:00.000Z-Merge_of_Syrinx_(biology)"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Merge_of_Bird_skeleton" data-mw-thread-id="h-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"></span>Merge of <a href="/wiki/Bird_skeleton" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird skeleton">Bird skeleton</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Merge of Bird skeleton"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <dl><dd><dl><dd><i><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton"></span>The following two comments were copied from <a href="/wiki/Talk:Bird_skeleton" title="Talk:Bird skeleton">talk:bird skeleton</a> on 4 August 2006</i></dd></dl></dd></dl> <hr/> <p>How about merging the whole of bird skeleton into the <a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">bird anatomy</a> article too? - <span style="font-family: Forte;"><big><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Jrockley&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Jrockley (page does not exist)">Jack</a></big> <small><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Jrockley" title="User talk:Jrockley">(talk)</a></small></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">00:58, 19 June 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z-Merge_of_Bird_skeleton"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kaarel-2006-06-28T08:39:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"></span>In fact, I dont find the merging of the bird skeleton into the bird anatomy a bad idea. The reason is that they both are <i>overview articles</i> with inevitably overlapping contents. If we have articles about a particular term or concept merged into an overview article, it is quite uncomfortable to find the information needed in there (being for example redirected from <a href="/wiki/Pygostyle" title="Pygostyle">pygostyle</a> to <a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">bird anatomy</a>). But the articles of <i>bird anatomy</i> and <i>bird skeleton</i> are not explanations of particular terms but broader reviews probably read by people with almost the same point of interest (i.e. <i>bird anatomy</i>) <a href="/wiki/User:Kaarel" title="User:Kaarel">Kaarel</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Kaarel-2006-06-28T08:39:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:39, 28 June 2006 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kaarel-2006-06-28T08:39:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kaarel-2006-06-28T08:39:00.000Z-Jrockley-2006-06-19T00:58:00.000Z"></span></dd> <dd><b>Support</b>. Would be a good opportunity for complete makeover, internal links. <a href="/wiki/Carpometacarpus" title="Carpometacarpus">Carpometacarpus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tibiotarsus" title="Tibiotarsus">Tibiotarsus</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tarsometatarsus" title="Tarsometatarsus">Tarsometatarsus</a> are still missing, which is a shame, but partially due to the Skeleton article having hardly any really relevant wikilinks. <a href="/wiki/User:Dysmorodrepanis" title="User:Dysmorodrepanis">Dysmorodrepanis</a></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Image" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"></span>Image<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Image"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z-Image"></span>The image at the top labeled "bird anatomy" is not bird anatomy. It is bird <b>topography</b>. Grr... ----<a href="/wiki/User:Birdman1" title="User:Birdman1">Birdman1</a> <sup><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Birdman1" title="User talk:Birdman1">talk</a>/<a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Birdman1" title="Special:Contributions/Birdman1">contribs</a></sup> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z-Image" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:08, 22 March 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z-Image"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z-Image"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Pigsonthewing-2007-03-22T19:48:00.000Z-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"></span>I've changed the caption, as you could have done - this is a wiki! <a href="/wiki/User:Pigsonthewing" title="User:Pigsonthewing">Andy Mabbett</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Pigsonthewing-2007-03-22T19:48:00.000Z-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:48, 22 March 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Pigsonthewing-2007-03-22T19:48:00.000Z-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Pigsonthewing-2007-03-22T19:48:00.000Z-Birdman1-2007-03-22T19:08:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Reproduction" data-mw-thread-id="h-Reproduction-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Reproduction-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z"></span>Reproduction<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Reproduction-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Reproduction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Fredwerner-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z-Reproduction"></span>Much of the reproduction section is behavioral, not anatomical and doesn't belong in this article. Perhaps it can be moved to a more appropriate article or separated to a new article. <a href="/wiki/User:Fredwerner" title="User:Fredwerner">Fredwerner</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Fredwerner-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z-Reproduction" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:10, 28 June 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Fredwerner-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z-Reproduction"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Fredwerner-2007-06-28T05:10:00.000Z-Reproduction"></span> </p><p>It appears that it's been moved to another article, but it hasn't yet been replaced with a more relevant section. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Inadequate_referencing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inadequate_referencing-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inadequate_referencing-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"></span>Inadequate referencing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inadequate_referencing-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Inadequate referencing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z-Inadequate_referencing"></span>This is a high importance article and there are lots of facts but far too little referencing. Please add references or this will never travel towards GA much less A or FA. <a href="/wiki/User:AshLin" title="User:AshLin">AshLin</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z-Inadequate_referencing" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">10:04, 8 August 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z-Inadequate_referencing"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z-Inadequate_referencing"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:20:00.000Z-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"></span>I remember reading an old book in my college days almost thirty years ago - Bird by Darling & Darling. It had much of the material to be covered here. Does anyone have a copy and could add the info here? <a href="/wiki/User:AshLin" title="User:AshLin">AshLin</a> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:20:00.000Z-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">10:20, 8 August 2007 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:20:00.000Z-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:20:00.000Z-AshLin-2007-08-08T10:04:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bird_bones" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bird_bones-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bird_bones-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z"></span>Bird bones<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bird_bones-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bird bones"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Adolph172-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span>Bird bones are not hollow! They are comprised of crisscrossing pieces of bone fused to either end of the "hollow" bone. <a href="/wiki/User:Adolph172" title="User:Adolph172">Adolph172</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Adolph172" title="User talk:Adolph172">talk</a>) 22:41, 12 February 2008 (UTC)adolph172 I rather think that any bone could be rightly described as hollow, our bones are not bone through-and-through. It's a commonly used term for bird bones, but you are right that it does not express a clear picture of what's in a bird's bones.<a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/173.8.113.1" title="Special:Contributions/173.8.113.1">173.8.113.1</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:173.8.113.1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:173.8.113.1 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Adolph172-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z-Bird_bones" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:43, 28 March 2012 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Adolph172-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z-Bird_bones"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Adolph172-2008-02-12T22:41:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-DreamOfShadows-2009-11-10T05:05:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span>- Recommended addition concerning the furcula I suggest that the follow sentence include either a mention of theropod dinosaurs also having a furcula, or simply adding that birds are the only "extant" animals to have them: </p><p>"Birds are the only vertebrate animals to have a fused collarbone (the furcula or wishbone) or a keeled sternum or breastbone." <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:DreamOfShadows&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:DreamOfShadows (page does not exist)">DreamOfShadows</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:DreamOfShadows" title="User talk:DreamOfShadows">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-DreamOfShadows-2009-11-10T05:05:00.000Z-Bird_bones" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:05, 10 November 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-DreamOfShadows-2009-11-10T05:05:00.000Z-Bird_bones"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-DreamOfShadows-2009-11-10T05:05:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2012-08-22T21:26:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span>The image of the Wing Muscles, which actually is included in the muscular system but I couldn't find that section in talk, has the furcula (i.e. wishbone) behind the supracoracoideus muscle. It should be in front. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2012-08-22T21:26:00.000Z-Bird_bones" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:26, 22 August 2012 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2012-08-22T21:26:00.000Z-Bird_bones"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2012-08-22T21:26:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span> </p><p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Curtisag-2021-03-16T17:51:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span>It looks like the secondary subheading entitled "Vertebral column" needs a few more citations to verify information especially near the beginning and end of the section. I can check some of the already cited sources in this section to see if they apply and find new sources as needed. </p><p><b>Potential new sources include:</b> </p> <ul><li>Storer, Robert W. (1982). "Fused Thoracic Vertebrae in Birds: Their Occurrence and Possible Significance." <i>Journal of the Yamashina Institute for Ornithology</i>. <b>14</b>(2-3): 86-95. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.14.86">doi.org/10.3312/jyio1952.14.86</a>.</li> <li>Rashid, Dana J.; Chapman, Susan C.; Larsson, Hans C.E.; Organ, Chris L.; Bebin, Anne-Gaelle; Merzdorf, Christa S.; Bradley, Roger; Horner, John R. (29-07-2014). "From dinosaurs to birds: a tail of evolution." <i>EvoDevo Journal</i>. <b>5</b>: 25. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/2041-9139-5-25">doi.org/10.1186/2041-9139-5-25</a>.</li></ul> <p><a href="/wiki/User:Curtisag" title="User:Curtisag">Curtisag</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Curtisag" title="User talk:Curtisag">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Curtisag-2021-03-16T17:51:00.000Z-Bird_bones" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:51, 16 March 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Curtisag-2021-03-16T17:51:00.000Z-Bird_bones"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Curtisag-2021-03-16T17:51:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span> </p><p><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:22:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span>Additions to secondary sub-heading "Vertebral Column"</b> </p><p>After more source hunting, I compiled enough information about the different sections of the bird vertebral column to expand each section into tertiary sub-headings. I also added two images visualizing the unique pelvic girdle of birds and the overall location of each vertebral section. Feel free to leave suggestions about these edits if needed.<a href="/wiki/User:Curtisag" title="User:Curtisag">Curtisag</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Curtisag" title="User talk:Curtisag">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:22:00.000Z-Bird_bones" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:22, 15 May 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:22:00.000Z-Bird_bones"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:22:00.000Z-Bird_bones"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Image_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_2-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_2-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z"></span>Image<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_2-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Image"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Mgiganteus1-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z-Image_2"></span><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg/220px-Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="173" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg/330px-Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/02/Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg/440px-Cranial_sinus_and_postcranial_air_sac_systems_in_birds.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2763" data-file-height="2172"/></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure> <p>I just uploaded this image to Commons and was wondering whether it could find some use in the article. <a href="/wiki/User:Mgiganteus1" title="User:Mgiganteus1">mgiganteus1</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Mgiganteus1" title="User talk:Mgiganteus1">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Mgiganteus1-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z-Image_2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">13:16, 1 October 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Mgiganteus1-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z-Image_2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Mgiganteus1-2008-10-01T13:16:00.000Z-Image_2"></span> <br/><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:13:00.000Z-Image_2"></span>-+- <br/>Nice and useful image. Deserves to be shown. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:13:00.000Z-Image_2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:13, 17 July 2012 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:13:00.000Z-Image_2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:13:00.000Z-Image_2"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:33:00.000Z-Image_2"></span>L. Shyamal's attempt to update his/her airsac diagram failed. Users cannot readily change the name of their images once uploaded, and perhaps the failure to update has something to do with that mechanism.<a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:33:00.000Z-Image_2" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:33, 17 July 2012 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:33:00.000Z-Image_2"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2012-07-17T15:33:00.000Z-Image_2"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bird_breathing" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bird_breathing-2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bird_breathing-2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z"></span>Bird breathing<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bird_breathing-2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Bird breathing"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c--OOPSIE--2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"></span>I am completely 100% confused about how birds breathe, and neither this article, other websites I've found or a documentary I saw on television, have left me any the wiser. Could somebody PLEASE improve that part of the article? <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:-OOPSIE-&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:-OOPSIE- (page does not exist)">-OOPSIE-</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:-OOPSIE-" title="User talk:-OOPSIE-">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c--OOPSIE--2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z-Bird_breathing" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:54, 18 December 2008 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c--OOPSIE--2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c--OOPSIE--2008-12-18T18:54:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:48:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"></span>I'm afraid it's a bit complex and a bit counter-intuitive. It took a surprisingly long time to get to our current understanding, and I think it holds a special place in the "basic biological systems not very well understood" rankings :-S . There aren't many who understand it well and who also take simple explanation seriously! The Bird_anatomy Wikipedia page isn't bad and adds detail. I'm glad you said that though... - <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:48:00.000Z-Bird_breathing" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:48, 29 August 2010 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:48:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:48:00.000Z-Bird_breathing"></span> </p> <hr/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Air_sacs" data-mw-thread-id="h-Air_sacs-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Air_sacs-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z"></span>Air sacs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Air_sacs-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Air sacs"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-AxelBoldt-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span>The article states </p> <dl><dd><i>Development of an efficient respiratory system enabled the evolution of flight in birds.</i></dd></dl> <p>I don't think there's enough evidence to support the word "enabled"; "facilitated" or "preceded" seem to be safer bets. Bats evolved to fly just fine with an inefficient two-way lung, so it's not clear why a one-way lung would have been necessary for the evolution of flight in birds. </p> <dl><dd><i>air sacs, structures unique to birds</i></dd></dl> <p>Snakes have air sacs. Maybe other reptiles too? Apes and whales have air sacs too but presumably they aren't related. <a href="/wiki/User:AxelBoldt" title="User:AxelBoldt">AxelBoldt</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:AxelBoldt" title="User talk:AxelBoldt">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-AxelBoldt-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z-Air_sacs" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">01:42, 9 March 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-AxelBoldt-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z-Air_sacs"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-AxelBoldt-2009-03-09T01:42:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:38:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span>I agree with AxelBoldt. The sentence </p> <dl><dd><i>Development of an efficient respiratory system enabled the evolution of flight in birds.</i></dd></dl> <p>suggests that animals with less efficient lung systems would not be able to fly, and as bats are the obvious comparison, it doesn't seem to make sense without being sharpened up. But I wonder if it's worth it. Somewhere it should be said that birds can fly higher than bats, and that could combine with the problem sentence, but further down the article. I think it shouldn't just stay as it is; it should be chopped unless/until someone is prepared to make authoritive comparisons with bats. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:38:00.000Z-Air_sacs" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:38, 29 August 2010 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:38:00.000Z-Air_sacs"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2010-08-29T19:38:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span> </p> <hr/> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Frustratingnamesearch-2015-12-19T09:17:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span>I'm going to remove the part that says that air is forced out of the posterior air sacs during inhalation. This would have the bird, literally, breaking the laws of physics. <a href="/wiki/Boyle%27s_law" title="Boyle's law">Boyle's law</a>: <b>PV=k</b>. </p><p>The bird is inhaling, it's thoracoabdominal cavity is expanding therefore the posterior air sacs (which are inside the cavity) are expanding. Boyles law shows us that there is an inverse relation between pressure and volume for a constant mass of gas at a constant temperature. The air sacs are expanding therefore the pressure of the air inside them drops. </p><p>The posterior air sacs have open connections to the rest of the respiratory system and the air outside the bird. The air in the atmosphere is at a higher pressure therefore a pressure gradient is established and air blows into the air sacs to reduce the gradient. </p><p>There is no force that is forcing air out of these expanding air sacs. On the contrary, air is being forced into the air sacs due to the pressure gradient established by the work of inhalation (this is how inhalation works). </p><p>If you want to say that air is forced out of the posterior airsacs during inhalation then you need to name the force, say how the bird generates it, its mechanism of operation, how the bird maintains a steep pressure gradient between the sacs and the rest of the respiratory system (without physical valves), when this pressure gradient is eventually broken down, and where the air sacs get enough air to inflate the anterior air sacs given that the bird has just finished exhalation which should have emptied the posterior sacs. </p><p>The notion that air is forced out of the posterior sacs during inhalation is just nonsense. It really does not make sense. <a href="/wiki/User:Frustratingnamesearch" title="User:Frustratingnamesearch">Frustratingnamesearch</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Frustratingnamesearch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Frustratingnamesearch (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Frustratingnamesearch-2015-12-19T09:17:00.000Z-Air_sacs" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:17, 19 December 2015 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Frustratingnamesearch-2015-12-19T09:17:00.000Z-Air_sacs"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Frustratingnamesearch-2015-12-19T09:17:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span> </p><p><b><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:28:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span>Misplaced Air Sac Image</b> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:BirdAirsacs.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/BirdAirsacs.jpg/220px-BirdAirsacs.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="186" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/BirdAirsacs.jpg/330px-BirdAirsacs.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/BirdAirsacs.jpg/440px-BirdAirsacs.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1440" data-file-height="1216"/></a><figcaption>Air-sacs and their distribution</figcaption></figure> <p>There seems to be an image that focuses on air sacs and respiration under the "Axial Skeleton" sub-heading. There are some good images under the respiratory section already, so I'm not sure the image is still needed. I included it below in case anyone else thinks it may add to the respiratory section. <a href="/wiki/User:Curtisag" title="User:Curtisag">Curtisag</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Curtisag" title="User talk:Curtisag">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:28:00.000Z-Air_sacs" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:28, 15 May 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:28:00.000Z-Air_sacs"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Curtisag-2021-05-15T05:28:00.000Z-Air_sacs"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Do_birds_have_a_tongue?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z"><span id="Do_birds_have_a_tongue.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z"></span>Do birds have a tongue?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Do birds have a tongue?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-213.103.148.30-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?"></span>I was just wondering and couldn't find the information in the article... <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/213.103.148.30" title="Special:Contributions/213.103.148.30">213.103.148.30</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:213.103.148.30&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:213.103.148.30 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-213.103.148.30-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">20:13, 6 May 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-213.103.148.30-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-213.103.148.30-2009-05-06T20:13:00.000Z-Do_birds_have_a_tongue?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?" data-mw-thread-id="h-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z"><span id="Merge_Bird_anatomy.23scales_with_Scale_.28zoology.29.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z"></span>Merge <a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy#scales" title="Bird anatomy">Bird anatomy#scales</a> with <a href="/wiki/Scale_(zoology)" title="Scale (zoology)">Scale (zoology)</a>?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Merge Bird anatomy#scales with Scale (zoology)?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-AshLin-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?"></span>Hi, </p><p>I felt that scales are dealt with in 'Bird anatomy' far beyond what would be required. It could be shorter & concise with this section being transferred complete to 'Scale (zoology)'. Instead we need an equally detailed section on feathers, a unique evolutionary adaption of birds! 'Bird' has enough material to give a good start to feathers. </p><p><a href="/wiki/User:AshLin" title="User:AshLin">AshLin</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:AshLin" title="User talk:AshLin">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-AshLin-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:43, 25 November 2009 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-AshLin-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-AshLin-2009-11-25T09:43:00.000Z-Merge_Bird_anatomy#scales_with_Scale_(zoology)?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bone_marrow" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bone_marrow-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bone_marrow-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z"></span>Bone marrow<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bone_marrow-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Bone marrow"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-EvanProdromou-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z-Bone_marrow"></span>Do the non-hollow bones of birds contain bone marrow? If so, do all birds have some non-hollow bones? Or does some other part of the body serve the function marrow does in mammals? --<a href="/wiki/User:EvanProdromou" title="User:EvanProdromou">ESP</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:EvanProdromou" title="User talk:EvanProdromou">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-EvanProdromou-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z-Bone_marrow" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:57, 13 November 2010 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-EvanProdromou-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z-Bone_marrow"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-EvanProdromou-2010-11-13T14:57:00.000Z-Bone_marrow"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="A_suggestion_for_this_article..." data-mw-thread-id="h-A_suggestion_for_this_article...-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-A_suggestion_for_this_article...-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"></span>A suggestion for this article...<span data-mw-comment-end="h-A_suggestion_for_this_article...-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: A suggestion for this article..."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."></span>Please re-read the section on bones, specifically the skull. There are a few adjectives in there that do not belong in a professional article. And it's not funny. It's things like that that cause respected Universities and Colleges to ban Wikipedia as a legitimate source in a paper. Clean up your act.<a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/68.36.101.124" title="Special:Contributions/68.36.101.124">68.36.101.124</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:68.36.101.124&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:68.36.101.124 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..." class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:13, 11 May 2011 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:16:00.000Z-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"></span>You are welcome to make improvements to the Wiki, and to remove vandalism. <a href="/wiki/User:Snowmanradio" title="User:Snowmanradio">Snowman</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Snowmanradio" title="User talk:Snowmanradio">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:16:00.000Z-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:16, 25 June 2011 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:16:00.000Z-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:16:00.000Z-68.36.101.124-2011-05-11T17:13:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Nozem-2013-04-11T08:00:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."></span>In the section on the digestive system, it would be useful to explain the anatomy of the bird's mouth, it's bill. '“The entire mouth structure of a bird is called the bill,” said Larry Nemetz, DVM, a birds-only veterinarian in Santa Ana, California', while the beak is only the external part of the bill <<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-diet-and-health/bird-care/bird-beak-anatomy.aspx">http://www.birdchannel.com/bird-diet-and-health/bird-care/bird-beak-anatomy.aspx</a>> <a href="/wiki/User:Nozem" title="User:Nozem">Nozem</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Nozem&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Nozem (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Nozem-2013-04-11T08:00:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..." class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">08:00, 11 April 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Nozem-2013-04-11T08:00:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Nozem-2013-04-11T08:00:00.000Z-A_suggestion_for_this_article..."></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article" data-mw-thread-id="h-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"><span id="Merging_Lore_.28anatomy.29_into_this_article"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"></span>Merging <a href="/wiki/Lore_(anatomy)" title="Lore (anatomy)">Lore (anatomy)</a> into this article<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Merging Lore (anatomy) into this article"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article"></span>A new article has been created about the part between the beak and the eye. Surely this article is the place for that information? <span style="white-space:nowrap;">— <a href="/wiki/User:Fly_by_Night" title="User:Fly by Night"><span style="font-family:Segoe print"><i><b>Fly by Night</b></i></span></a> <span style="color:#000000;">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Fly_by_Night" title="User talk:Fly by Night"><span style="font-family:Segoe print; color:#000000;">talk</span></a>)</span></span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:04, 18 June 2011 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z-Merging_Lore_(anatomy)_into_this_article"></span> </p> <dl><dd><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:03:00.000Z-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"></span>I see some logic there, but there is a lot of anatomy Stubs on the wiki. The "Lore (anatomy)" article has an informative image. I doubt if you could get all of bird anatomy with relevant illustrations on the "bird (anatomy)" article, so I suggest keeping this stub here. <a href="/wiki/User:Snowmanradio" title="User:Snowmanradio">Snowman</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Snowmanradio" title="User talk:Snowmanradio">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:03:00.000Z-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">14:03, 25 June 2011 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:03:00.000Z-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Snowmanradio-2011-06-25T14:03:00.000Z-Fly_by_Night-2011-06-18T02:04:00.000Z"></span></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Supracoracoideus_picture" data-mw-thread-id="h-Supracoracoideus_picture-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Supracoracoideus_picture-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z"></span>Supracoracoideus picture<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Supracoracoideus_picture-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Supracoracoideus picture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Strangetruther-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z-Supracoracoideus_picture"></span>The picture currently shows the furcula (wishbone) behind the supracoracoideus muscle/tendon. I'm fairly sure it should be in front. Also, the way the tendon is carried round the top of the coracoid is not very well represented here. I made an upgraded and more complex version for my book but forgot to stop halfway to provide the upgrade for wiki, unfortunately. <a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Strangetruther&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Strangetruther (page does not exist)">Strangetruther</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Strangetruther" title="User talk:Strangetruther">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Strangetruther-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z-Supracoracoideus_picture" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">19:31, 16 October 2012 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Strangetruther-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z-Supracoracoideus_picture"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Strangetruther-2012-10-16T19:31:00.000Z-Supracoracoideus_picture"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Section_on_muscles" data-mw-thread-id="h-Section_on_muscles-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Section_on_muscles-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z"></span>Section on muscles<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Section_on_muscles-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Section on muscles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Number.6.freeman-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z-Section_on_muscles"></span>i needed some info about bird muscles, however, there aren't any references given! someone who knows about bird muscles PLEASE edit to add in bird muscle citations. <small><span class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/User:Number.6.freeman" title="User:Number.6.freeman">Number.6.freeman</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Number.6.freeman" title="User talk:Number.6.freeman">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Number.6.freeman" title="Special:Contributions/Number.6.freeman">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Number.6.freeman-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z-Section_on_muscles" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">10:51, 17 April 2013 (UTC)</a></span></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Number.6.freeman-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z-Section_on_muscles"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Number.6.freeman-2013-04-17T10:51:00.000Z-Section_on_muscles"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Feathers" data-mw-thread-id="h-Feathers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Feathers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z"></span>Feathers<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Feathers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Feathers"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Justlettersandnumbers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z-Feathers"></span>It's a little surprising that feathers do not have a short section here, with <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">main</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> links to <a href="/wiki/Feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Feathers">Feathers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flight_feathers" class="mw-redirect" title="Flight feathers">Flight feathers</a>. I note that the anatomical illustration at top right includes terms such as Tertials and Lesser coverts, so it seems that feathers are at least sometimes considered part of the bird's anatomy. I'm not boldly adding it myself as this seems, like so many within this project, to be an article written by experts, and I prefer to leave it to them to decide on this. <a href="/wiki/User:Justlettersandnumbers" title="User:Justlettersandnumbers">Justlettersandnumbers</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Justlettersandnumbers" title="User talk:Justlettersandnumbers">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Justlettersandnumbers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z-Feathers" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:14, 4 August 2013 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Justlettersandnumbers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z-Feathers"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Justlettersandnumbers-2013-08-04T12:14:00.000Z-Feathers"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bird_Kidneys" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bird_Kidneys-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bird_Kidneys-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z"></span>Bird Kidneys<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bird_Kidneys-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Bird Kidneys"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Sensor97-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"></span>The section on bird kidney and "urinary" system seems wrong or incomplete, it talks about urine re absorption, but does not mention Uric acid production, the most noticeable part of bird faeces. Is this produced in the kidney, or somehow converted from soluble urea in the intestines, (since it comes out with the faeces). If so what is the mechanism to go from CO(NH2)2 to Uric acid? A C5 compound. <a href="/wiki/User:Sensor97" title="User:Sensor97">Sensor97</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:Sensor97&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:Sensor97 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Sensor97-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">02:53, 12 July 2015 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Sensor97-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Sensor97-2015-07-12T02:53:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"></span> </p><p><br/><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Bitran0205-2022-04-29T21:12:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"></span> Hello everyone, I am planning to add "- Reptilian nephrons are more abundant but lack the distinctive loops of Henle seen in mammals. Because of the absence of the loop of Henle in birds, their ability to concentrate water doesn’t depend heavily on it. Water reabsorption depends entirely on the coprodeum and the rectum." this into the bird kidney section on May 2nd, 2022. Please let me know what you guys think and we can proceed accordingly. <a href="/wiki/User:Bitran0205" title="User:Bitran0205">Bitran0205</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Bitran0205" title="User talk:Bitran0205">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Bitran0205-2022-04-29T21:12:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">21:12, 29 April 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Bitran0205-2022-04-29T21:12:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Bitran0205-2022-04-29T21:12:00.000Z-Bird_Kidneys"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="No_feathers,_no_wings?" data-mw-thread-id="h-No_feathers,_no_wings?-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z"><span id="No_feathers.2C_no_wings.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-No_feathers,_no_wings?-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z"></span>No feathers, no wings?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-No_feathers,_no_wings?-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: No feathers, no wings?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-KaiMartin-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z-No_feathers,_no_wings?"></span>Astonishingly, there is no section on the wings of a bird. The article hardly mentions the word "wing" at all. The most prominent mention of feathers is in the section "scales". With these glaring omissions the article misses its topic by a large margin. </p><p>Unfortunately, I am not literate enough in bird anatomy to fill the gaps. But if someone with more knowledge reads this remark, please by all means go ahead and be bold!--<a href="/wiki/User:KaiMartin" title="User:KaiMartin">-<)kmk(>-</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:KaiMartin" title="User talk:KaiMartin">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-KaiMartin-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z-No_feathers,_no_wings?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">17:11, 1 September 2015 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-KaiMartin-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z-No_feathers,_no_wings?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-KaiMartin-2015-09-01T17:11:00.000Z-No_feathers,_no_wings?"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Cyberbot_II-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just added archive links to one external link on <a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">Bird anatomy</a>. 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This message is updated dynamically through the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Source_check" title="Template:Source check">source check</a>}}</code> <small>(last update: 5 June 2024)</small>. </p> <ul><li>If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=reportfalsepositive">this tool</a>.</li> <li>If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=manageurlsingle">this tool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cheers.—<a href="/wiki/User:Cyberbot_II" title="User:Cyberbot II"><sup style="color:green;font-family:Courier">cyberbot II</sup></a><small><sub style="margin-left:-14.9ex;color:green;font-family:Comic Sans MS"><a href="/wiki/User_talk:Cyberbot_II" class="mw-redirect" title="User talk:Cyberbot II"><span style="color:green">Talk to my owner</span></a>:Online</sub></small> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Cyberbot_II-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z-External_links_modified" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">15:44, 29 March 2016 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Cyberbot_II-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z-External_links_modified"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Cyberbot_II-2016-03-29T15:44:00.000Z-External_links_modified"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="External_links_modified_2" data-mw-thread-id="h-External_links_modified_2-2016-11-03T01:55:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-External_links_modified_2-2016-11-03T01:55:00.000Z"></span>External links modified<span data-mw-comment-end="h-External_links_modified_2-2016-11-03T01:55:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: External links modified"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2016-11-03T01:55:00.000Z-External_links_modified_2"></span>Hello fellow Wikipedians, </p><p>I have just modified one external link on <a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy" title="Bird anatomy">Bird anatomy</a>. 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I made the following changes: </p> <ul><li>Added archive <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071102171152/http://www.skullsite.com:80/index.htm">https://web.archive.org/web/20071102171152/http://www.skullsite.com:80/index.htm</a> to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.skullsite.com/index.htm">http://www.skullsite.com/index.htm</a></li> <li>Added <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Dead_link" title="Template:Dead link">dead link</a>}}</code> tag to <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/Labs/Lab26/lab26.htm">http://www.vetmed.vt.edu/education/curriculum/vm8054/Labs/Lab26/lab26.htm</a></li></ul> <p>When you have finished reviewing my changes, please set the <i>checked</i> parameter below to <b>true</b> or <b>failed</b> to let others know (documentation at <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Sourcecheck" class="mw-redirect" title="Template:Sourcecheck">Sourcecheck</a>}}</code>). </p><p>This message was posted before February 2018. <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Village_pump_(proposals)/Archive_145#Disable_messages_left_by_InternetArchiveBot" title="Wikipedia:Village pump (proposals)/Archive 145">After February 2018</a>, "External links modified" talk page sections are no longer generated or monitored by <b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b>. 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This message is updated dynamically through the template <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Source_check" title="Template:Source check">source check</a>}}</code> <small>(last update: 5 June 2024)</small>. </p> <ul><li>If you have discovered URLs which were erroneously considered dead by the bot, you can report them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=reportfalsepositive">this tool</a>.</li> <li>If you found an error with any archives or the URLs themselves, you can fix them with <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://iabot.wmcloud.org/index.php?page=manageurlsingle">this tool</a>.</li></ul> <p>Cheers.—<a href="/wiki/User:InternetArchiveBot" title="User:InternetArchiveBot"><b><span style="color:darkgrey;font-family:monospace">InternetArchiveBot</span></b></a> <span style="color:green;font-family:Rockwell">(<a href="/wiki/User_talk:InternetArchiveBot" title="User talk:InternetArchiveBot">Report bug</a>)</span> <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-InternetArchiveBot-2016-12-30T12:02:00.000Z-External_links_modified_3" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">12:02, 30 December 2016 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-InternetArchiveBot-2016-12-30T12:02:00.000Z-External_links_modified_3"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-InternetArchiveBot-2016-12-30T12:02:00.000Z-External_links_modified_3"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Possible_Sections" data-mw-thread-id="h-Possible_Sections-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Possible_Sections-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z"></span>Possible Sections<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Possible_Sections-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Possible Sections"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z-Possible_Sections"></span>Hello! My group is interested in adding a few additional heading with some specific info and we would love feedback!!!! Below you will find our thoughts and possible sources! Thank you! </p><p>I will be focusing on the digestive system, and specifically on the function of the Proventriculus as it works with the gizzard to break down larger food items.<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://academic.oup.com/japr/article/23/2/306/761377/Function-of-the-digestive-system1">https://academic.oup.com/japr/article/23/2/306/761377/Function-of-the-digestive-system1</a> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hamida_Hamdi/publication/281656486_Anatomical_histological_and_histochemical_adaptations_of_the_avian_alimentary_canal_to_their_food_habits_I-Coturnix_coturnix/links/563681cb08aeb786b703f22c.pdf">https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Hamida_Hamdi/publication/281656486_Anatomical_histological_and_histochemical_adaptations_of_the_avian_alimentary_canal_to_their_food_habits_I-Coturnix_coturnix/links/563681cb08aeb786b703f22c.pdf</a> </p><p>IMMUNE SYSTEM </p><p>focusing on the bursa of fabricius; function and anatomy -Adrienne </p><p>Bursa of Fabricius </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238949">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8238949</a> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284170935_Bursa_of_Fabricius">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/284170935_Bursa_of_Fabricius</a> </p><p>Circulatory System - </p><p>focusing on the heart and its adaptations to improve efficiency allowing for flight. </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdcirculatory.html">http://people.eku.edu/ritchisong/birdcirculatory.html</a> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681264/">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2681264/</a> </p><p>Nervous System - </p><p>focusing on the middle and inner ear and its adaptations that allow for improved distinguishing of auditory cues </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1294398/pdf/jrsocmed00087-0047.pdf">https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1294398/pdf/jrsocmed00087-0047.pdf</a> </p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/276/1660/1355.short">http://rspb.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/276/1660/1355.short</a> </p> <pre> <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/User:Adriennescarcella" title="User:Adriennescarcella">Adriennescarcella</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Adriennescarcella#top" title="User talk:Adriennescarcella">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Adriennescarcella" title="Special:Contributions/Adriennescarcella">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Adriennescarcella-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z-Possible_Sections" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:43, 10 March 2017 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z-Possible_Sections"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-03-10T16:43:00.000Z-Possible_Sections"></span> </pre> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bursa_of_fabricius" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bursa_of_fabricius-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bursa_of_fabricius-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z"></span>Bursa of fabricius<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bursa_of_fabricius-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Bursa of fabricius"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z-Bursa_of_fabricius"></span>I was wanting some feedback about the possible addition of this info. </p><p>Bursa of Fabricius (Immune System)[edit | edit source] Function[edit | edit source] The bursa of fabricius, also known as the cloacal bursa, is lymphoid organ which aids in the production of B-lymphocytes during Humoral immunity.[1] B lymphocyte, or B-cells, play a crucial role in the immune system producing antibodies. B-cells can recognize specific foreign substances, multiply rapidly, and attack the foreign substance. These B-cells will recognize the same foreign substances based off of the shape of the invader if the body is invaded again, which leads to immunity from an additional attack. This organ is present during juvenile stages but involutes after the sparrow reaches sexual maturity.[1] Anatomy[edit | edit source] The structure of the bursa of fabricius consists of a circular pouch connected to the dorsal side of the cloaca. The bursa is composed of many folds, known as plica, which are lined by follicles surrounded by mesenchyme.The bursa of fabricius is surrounded by 10,000 plus follicles that aid in producing an ideal microenvironment for the production of B-cells, while each follicle is encompassed by connective tissue. Each follicle is comprised of a cortex surrounding a medulla. The cortex houses the highly compacted B lymphocytes, while the medulla houses lymphocyte loosely.[2] The medulla is separated from the lumen by follicular-associated epithelium, that aids in the transport of epithelial cells into the lumine of the bursa.[3] Per follicle there are 150,000 B lymphocytes located. [2]! Note: I am trying to find an image still. </p><p>~~Adrienne <small class="autosigned">— Preceding <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">unsigned</a> comment added by <a href="/wiki/User:Adriennescarcella" title="User:Adriennescarcella">Adriennescarcella</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Adriennescarcella#top" title="User talk:Adriennescarcella">talk</a> • <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/Adriennescarcella" title="Special:Contributions/Adriennescarcella">contribs</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Adriennescarcella-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z-Bursa_of_fabricius" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">05:12, 8 April 2017 (UTC)</a></small><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z-Bursa_of_fabricius"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Adriennescarcella-2017-04-08T05:12:00.000Z-Bursa_of_fabricius"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Muscular_System_Edits" data-mw-thread-id="h-Muscular_System_Edits-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Muscular_System_Edits-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z"></span>Muscular System Edits<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Muscular_System_Edits-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Muscular System Edits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Kurtames-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z-Muscular_System_Edits"></span>The muscular system could be expanded to further discuss the muscles involved in flight and the general muscular system of birds. I am working with a group of comparative anatomy students looking to add to this part of the page. Are there any thoughts on my expanding this? <a href="/wiki/User:Kurtames" title="User:Kurtames">Kurtames</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Kurtames" title="User talk:Kurtames">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Kurtames-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z-Muscular_System_Edits" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">16:45, 9 March 2019 (UTC)</a>Kurtames<span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Kurtames-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z-Muscular_System_Edits"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Kurtames-2019-03-09T16:45:00.000Z-Muscular_System_Edits"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds" data-mw-thread-id="h-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z"><span id="Bird_anatomy.23Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system.23Birds"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z"></span><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system" title="Bird anatomy">Bird anatomy#Respiratory system</a> versus <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Birds" title="Respiratory system">Respiratory system#Birds</a><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Bird anatomy#Respiratory system versus Respiratory system#Birds"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system" title="Bird anatomy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-Intralexical-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds"></span>Bird anatomy#Respiratory system</a> and <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Birds" title="Respiratory system">Respiratory system#Birds</a> say much of the same things, using mostly the same images and around 60% identical citations. </p><p>I collected the citations on each, and highlighted the duplicates. This may be useful to anyone who would like to merge them, compare them, or improve one using content from the other. </p><p><br/> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1256386598">.mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#F0F2F5;color:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#CCFFCC;color:inherit}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-mainspace{background:#14181F;color:inherit}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cot-header-other{background:#003500;color:inherit}}</style> </p> <div style="margin-left:0"> <table class="mw-collapsible mw-archivedtalk mw-collapsed" style="color:inherit; background: transparent; text-align: left; border: 1px solid Silver; margin: 0.2em auto auto; width:100%; clear: both; padding: 1px;"> <tbody><tr> <th class="cot-header-other" style="; font-size:87%; padding:0.2em 0.3em; text-align:center;"><div style="font-size:115%;margin:0 4em"> 6 out of the 13 distinct references on <b><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system" title="Bird anatomy">Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system</a></b> and <b><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Birds" title="Respiratory system">Respiratory_system#Birds</a></b> are shared. This is around two thirds of the references on each. (Highlighted.)</div> </th></tr> <tr> <td style="color:inherit; border: solid 1px Silver; padding: 0.6em; background: var(--background-color-base, #fff);"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1216972533">.mw-parser-output .col-begin{border-collapse:collapse;padding:0;color:inherit;width:100%;border:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .col-begin-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .col-break{vertical-align:top;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .col-break-2{width:50%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-3{width:33.3%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-4{width:25%}.mw-parser-output .col-break-5{width:20%}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .col-begin,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr,.mw-parser-output .col-begin>tbody>tr>td{display:block!important;width:100%!important}.mw-parser-output .col-break{padding-left:0!important}}</style><div> <table class="col-begin" role="presentation"> <tbody><tr> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system" title="Bird anatomy">Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system</a></b> </p><p><i>References #47-55</i> </p> <pre>Calder, William A. (1996). Size, Function, and Life History. Mineola, New York: Courier Dove Publications. p. 91. ISBN 978-0-486-69191-6. </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Maina, John N. (2005). The lung air sac system of birds development, structure, and function; with 6 tables. Berlin: Springer. pp. 3.2–3.3 "Lung", "Airway (Bronchiol) System" 66–82. ISBN 978-3-540-25595-6.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Krautwald-Junghanns, Maria-Elisabeth; et al. (2010). Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pets: Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles. Germany: Manson Publishing. ISBN 978-3-89993-049-8.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Whittow, G. Causey (2000). Sturkie's Avian Physiology. San Diego, California: Academic Press. pp. 233–241. ISBN 978-0-12-747605-6.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Ritchson, G. "BIO 554/754 – Ornithology: Avian respiration". Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved 2009-04-23.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Sturkie, P.D. (1976). Sturkie, P. D (ed.). Avian Physiology. New York: Springer Verlag. p. 201. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0. ISBN 978-1-4612-9335-4. S2CID 36415426.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Scott, Graham R. (2011). "Commentary: Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (15): 2455–2462. doi:10.1242/jeb.052548. PMID 21753038.</span> </pre> <pre>"Bird lung". Archived from the original on March 11, 2007. </pre> <pre>Sinn-Hanlon, Janet. "Comparative Anatomy of the Chicken Heart". University Of Illinois. </pre> <p><br/> </p> </td> <td class="col-break"> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Respiratory_system#Birds" title="Respiratory system">Respiratory_system#Birds</a></b> </p><p><i>References #44-53</i> </p> <pre>Campbell, Neil A. (1990). Biology (2nd ed.). Redwood City, Calif.: Benjamin/Cummings Pub. Co. pp. 836–844. ISBN 0-8053-1800-3. </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Whittow, G. Causey (2000). Sturkie's Avian Physiology. San Diego, California: Academic Press. pp. 233–241. ISBN 978-0-12-747605-6.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Ritchson, G. "BIO 554/754 – Ornithology: Avian respiration". Department of Biological Sciences, Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved 2009-04-23.</span> </pre> <pre>Storer, Tracy I.; Usinger, R. L.; Stebbins, Robert C.; Nybakken, James W. (1997). General Zoology (sixth ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. pp. 752–753. ISBN 0-07-061780-5. </pre> <pre>Romer, Alfred Sherwood (1970). The Vertebrate body (Fourth ed.). Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders. pp. 323–324. ISBN 0-7216-7667-7. </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Scott, Graham R. (2011). "Commentary: Elevated performance: the unique physiology of birds that fly at high altitudes". Journal of Experimental Biology. 214 (Pt 15): 2455–2462. doi:10.1242/jeb.052548. PMID 21753038.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Maina, John N. (2005). The lung air sac system of birds development, structure, and function; with 6 tables. Berlin: Springer. pp. 3.2–3.3 "Lung", "Airway (Bronchiol) System" 66–82. ISBN 978-3-540-25595-6.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Krautwald-Junghanns, Maria-Elisabeth; et al. (2010). Diagnostic Imaging of Exotic Pets: Birds, Small Mammals, Reptiles. Germany: Manson Publishing. ISBN 978-3-89993-049-8.</span> </pre> <pre><span style="color:black;background:yellow"> Sturkie, P.D. (1976). Sturkie, P. D (ed.). Avian Physiology. New York: Springer Verlag. p. 201. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-4862-0. ISBN 978-1-4612-9335-4. S2CID 36415426.</span> </pre> <pre>Ritchison, Gary. "Ornithology (Bio 554/754):Bird Respiratory System". Eastern Kentucky University. Retrieved 2007-06-27. </pre> <p> </p> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=User:Intralexical&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User:Intralexical (page does not exist)">Intralexical</a> (<a href="/wiki/User_talk:Intralexical" title="User talk:Intralexical">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-Intralexical-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">23:02, 1 February 2021 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-Intralexical-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-Intralexical-2021-02-01T23:02:00.000Z-Bird_anatomy#Respiratory_system_versus_Respiratory_system#Birds"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy" data-mw-thread-id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy"></span>Wiki Education assignment: Comparative Anatomy<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Wiki_Education_assignment:_Comparative_Anatomy"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Wiki Education assignment: Comparative Anatomy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Sciences_humaines.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/40px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/60px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Sciences_humaines.svg/80px-Sciences_humaines.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="256"/></a></span> This article was the subject of a Wiki Education Foundation-supported course assignment, between <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-02-07">7 February 2022</span> and <span class="mw-formatted-date" title="2022-05-20">20 May 2022</span>. Further details are available <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wiki_Ed/Pacific_Lutheran_University/Comparative_Anatomy_(Spring_2022)" title="Wikipedia:Wiki Ed/Pacific Lutheran University/Comparative Anatomy (Spring 2022)">on the course page</a>. Student editor(s): <a href="/wiki/User:Bitran0205" title="User:Bitran0205">Bitran0205</a> (<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://xtools.wmflabs.org/topedits/en.wikipedia.org/Bitran0205/0/Bird+anatomy">article contribs</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="GK" data-mw-thread-id="h-GK-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-GK-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z"></span>GK<span data-mw-comment-end="h-GK-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: GK"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z-GK"></span>Birds are the only animal with light thin growth on their bodies called <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C" title="Special:Contributions/2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C">2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z-GK" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">09:39, 3 April 2022 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z-GK"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2409:4066:196:C478:E10E:D00B:650B:CE0C-2022-04-03T09:39:00.000Z-GK"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_fragile_are_bird_bones?" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?-20230207181300"><span id="How_fragile_are_bird_bones.3F"></span><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?-20230207181300"></span>How fragile are bird bones?<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?-20230207181300"></span></h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: How fragile are bird bones?"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-bar"><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-metadata"></div><div class="ext-discussiontools-init-section-actions"></div></div></div> <p><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="c-2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6-20230207181300-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?"></span>Birds are generally perceived to have hollow bones, and a lot of people I have talked to seem to assume that makes them fragile. I hoped Wikipedia would clarify this but I can't find an answer to the question anywhere. Please address this question somewhere on the Wiki, here or in the article on skeletal pneumatization. <a href="/wiki/Special:Contributions/2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6" title="Special:Contributions/2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6">2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6</a> (<a href="/w/index.php?title=User_talk:2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="User talk:2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6 (page does not exist)">talk</a>) <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talk:Bird_anatomy#c-2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6-20230207181300-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?" class="ext-discussiontools-init-timestamplink">18:13, 7 February 2023 (UTC)</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-buttons" data-mw-thread-id="c-2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6-20230207181300-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?"><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">[</span><a class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-reply" role="button" tabindex="0" href="">reply</a><span class="ext-discussiontools-init-replylink-bracket">]</span></span><span data-mw-comment-end="c-2601:441:4900:A6E0:7DC6:1468:3C2A:A6E6-20230207181300-How_fragile_are_bird_bones?"></span> </p>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&oldid=1194888863">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Talk:Bird_anatomy&oldid=1194888863</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:B-Class_level-5_vital_articles" title="Category:B-Class level-5 vital articles">B-Class level-5 vital articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_level-5_vital_articles_in_Biology_and_health_sciences" title="Category:Wikipedia level-5 vital articles in Biology and health sciences">Wikipedia level-5 vital articles in Biology and health sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:B-Class_vital_articles_in_Biology_and_health_sciences" title="Category:B-Class vital articles in Biology and health sciences">B-Class vital articles in Biology and health sciences</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:B-Class_bird_articles" title="Category:B-Class bird articles">B-Class bird articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Top-importance_bird_articles" title="Category:Top-importance bird articles">Top-importance bird articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Birds_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Birds articles">WikiProject Birds articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:B-Class_Animal_anatomy_articles" title="Category:B-Class Animal anatomy articles">B-Class Animal anatomy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:High-importance_Animal_anatomy_articles" title="Category:High-importance Animal anatomy articles">High-importance Animal anatomy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:WikiProject_Animal_anatomy_articles" title="Category:WikiProject Animal anatomy articles">WikiProject Animal anatomy articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_connected_contributors" title="Category:Articles with connected contributors">Articles with connected contributors</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_vital_articles" title="Category:All Wikipedia vital articles">All Wikipedia vital articles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Talk_pages_with_comments_before_the_first_section" title="Category:Talk pages with comments before the first section">Talk pages with comments before the first section</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 11 January 2024, at 07:29<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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