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Basic </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Visual_Basic-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-1990_versions_and_dialects" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-1990_versions_and_dialects"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Post-1990 versions and dialects </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-1990_versions_and_dialects-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Calculators" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Calculators"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Calculators </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Calculators-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Windows_command-line" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Windows_command-line"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Windows command-line </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Windows_command-line-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Other </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Legacy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Syntax </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Syntax subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Typical_BASIC_keywords" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Typical_BASIC_keywords"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1 Typical BASIC keywords </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Typical_BASIC_keywords-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Data_manipulation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_manipulation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.1 Data manipulation </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_manipulation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Program_flow_control" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Program_flow_control"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.2 Program flow control </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Program_flow_control-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Input_and_output" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Input_and_output"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.3 Input and output </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Input_and_output-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mathematical_functions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mathematical_functions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.4 Mathematical functions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mathematical_functions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Miscellaneous" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Miscellaneous"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.1.5 Miscellaneous </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Miscellaneous-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Data_types_and_variables" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Data_types_and_variables"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.2 Data types and variables </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Data_types_and_variables-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Examples" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Examples"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3 Examples </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Examples-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Unstructured_BASIC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Unstructured_BASIC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.1 Unstructured BASIC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Unstructured_BASIC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Structured_BASIC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structured_BASIC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.2 Structured BASIC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structured_BASIC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Object-oriented_BASIC" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Object-oriented_BASIC"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12.3.3 Object-oriented BASIC </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Object-oriented_BASIC-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Standards" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Standards"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 Standards </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Standards-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Compilers_and_interpreters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Compilers_and_interpreters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Compilers and interpreters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Compilers_and_interpreters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 16 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17 References </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle References subsection </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-General_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#General_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 17.1 General references </div> </a> <ul id="toc-General_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 18 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">BASIC</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 85 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-85" aria-hidden="true" > 85 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%89%A4%E1%88%B2%E1%8A%AD_(BASIC)" title="ቤሲክ (BASIC) – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ቤሲክ (BASIC)" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%83" title="بيسيك – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="بيسيك" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_(%E0%A6%AA%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%97%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%82_%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B7%E0%A6%BE)" title="বেসিক (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা) – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="বেসিক (প্রোগ্রামিং ভাষা)" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бейсик – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Бейсик" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-co mw-list-item"><a href="https://co.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Corsican" lang="co" hreflang="co" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Corsu" data-language-local-name="Corsican" class="interlanguage-link-target">Corsu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC_(programlingvo)" title="BASIC (programlingvo) – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="BASIC (programlingvo)" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بیسیک – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیسیک" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic_(langage)" title="Basic (langage) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Basic (langage)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B2%A0%EC%9D%B4%EC%A7%81" title="베이직 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="베이직" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%AC%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D" title="ಬೇಸಿಕ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಬೇಸಿಕ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бейсик – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Бейсик" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic" title="Basic – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Basic" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic" title="Basic – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Basic" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AC%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D" title="ബേസിക് – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ബേസിക്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="बेसिक – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="बेसिक" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="बेसिक – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="बेसिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AC%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%95" title="बेसिक – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="बेसिक" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%B3%DA%A9" title="بیسک – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بیسک" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Бейсик – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Бейсик" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC_(programovac%C3%AD_jazyk)" title="BASIC (programovací jazyk) – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="BASIC (programovací jazyk)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%95%DB%8C%D8%B3%DB%8C%DA%A9" title="بەیسیک – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بەیسیک" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%87%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_(%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8A%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF)" title="பேசிக் (நிரல் மொழி) – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="பேசிக் (நிரல் மொழி)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%AC%E0%B1%87%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B1%8D" title="బేసిక్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="బేసిక్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A0%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A9%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%81" title="ภาษาเบสิก – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ภาษาเบสิก" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/BASIC" title="BASIC – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="BASIC" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9F%B9%E5%9F%BA" title="培基 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="培基" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basic%E8%AF%AD%E8%A8%80" title="Basic语言 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="Basic语言" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a 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.mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><caption class="infobox-title summary">BASIC</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><a href="/wiki/File:AtariBASIC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AtariBASIC.png/300px-AtariBASIC.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="180" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AtariBASIC.png/450px-AtariBASIC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7b/AtariBASIC.png/600px-AtariBASIC.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="384" /></a><div class="infobox-caption"><a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a> (1979) for <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Programming_paradigm" title="Programming paradigm">Paradigm</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Non-structured_programming" title="Non-structured programming">Non-structured</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">procedural</a>, later <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object-oriented</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Software_design" title="Software design">Designed by</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/John_G._Kemeny" title="John G. Kemeny">John G. Kemeny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Kurtz" title="Thomas E. Kurtz">Thomas E. Kurtz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">First appeared</th><td class="infobox-data">May 1, 1964; 60 years ago (1964-05-01)</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Major <a href="/wiki/Programming_language_implementation" title="Programming language implementation">implementations</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist nowraplinks"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">Dartmouth BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_BASIC" title="Tiny BASIC">Tiny BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_BASIC" title="Sinclair BASIC">Sinclair BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC" title="TI-BASIC">TI-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_BASIC" title="Casio BASIC">Casio BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced by</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL_60" title="ALGOL 60">ALGOL 60</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">FORTRAN II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JOSS" title="JOSS">JOSS</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #eee;">Influenced</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/COMAL" title="COMAL">COMAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic .NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRASS_(programming_language)" title="GRASS (programming language)">GRASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below hlist" style="border-top: 1px solid #aaa; padding-top: 3px;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/File:Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/16px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/24px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/32px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></a> <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/BASIC_Programming" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:BASIC Programming">BASIC Programming</a> at Wikibooks</li></ul> </td></tr></tbody></table> BASIC (Beginners' All-purpose Symbolic Instruction Code)<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> is a family of <a href="/wiki/General-purpose_programming_language" title="General-purpose programming language">general-purpose</a>, <a href="/wiki/High-level_programming_language" title="High-level programming language">high-level programming languages</a> designed for ease of use. <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">The original version</a> was created by <a href="/wiki/John_G._Kemeny" title="John G. Kemeny">John G. Kemeny</a> and <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Kurtz" title="Thomas E. Kurtz">Thomas E. Kurtz</a> at <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a> in 1963. They wanted to enable students in non-scientific fields to use computers. At the time, nearly all computers required writing custom software, which only <a href="/wiki/Scientist" title="Scientist">scientists</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mathematician" title="Mathematician">mathematicians</a> tended to learn. In addition to the programming language, Kemeny and Kurtz developed the <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_Time-Sharing_System" title="Dartmouth Time-Sharing System">Dartmouth Time-Sharing System</a> (DTSS), which allowed multiple users to edit and run BASIC programs simultaneously on remote terminals. This general model became popular on <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputer</a> systems like the <a href="/wiki/PDP-11" title="PDP-11">PDP-11</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_General_Nova" title="Data General Nova">Data General Nova</a> in the late 1960s and early 1970s. <a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a> produced an entire computer line for this method of operation, introducing the <a href="/wiki/HP2000" class="mw-redirect" title="HP2000">HP2000</a> series in the late 1960s and continuing sales into the 1980s. Many early video games trace their history to one of these versions of BASIC. The emergence of <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a> in the mid-1970s led to the development of multiple BASIC dialects, including <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a> in 1975. Due to the tiny <a href="/wiki/Main_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Main memory">main memory</a> available on these machines, often 4 KB, a variety of <a href="/wiki/Tiny_BASIC" title="Tiny BASIC">Tiny BASIC</a> dialects were also created. BASIC was available for almost any system of the era, and became the de facto programming language for <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> systems that emerged in the late 1970s. These <a href="/wiki/Personal_Computer" class="mw-redirect" title="Personal Computer">PCs</a> almost always had a <a href="/wiki/BASIC_interpreter" title="BASIC interpreter">BASIC interpreter</a> installed by default, often in the machine's <a href="/wiki/Firmware" title="Firmware">firmware</a> or sometimes on a <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a> cartridge. BASIC declined in popularity in the 1990s, as more powerful microcomputers came to market and programming languages with advanced features (such as <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> and <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a>) became tenable on such computers. By then, most nontechnical personal computer users relied on pre-written applications rather than writing their own programs. In 1991, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a> released <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a>, combining an updated version of BASIC with a <a href="/wiki/Graphical_user_interface_builder" title="Graphical user interface builder">visual forms builder</a>. This reignited use of the language and "VB" remains a major programming language<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[3]</a> in the form of <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">VB.NET</a>, while a hobbyist scene for BASIC more broadly continues to exist.<a href="#cite_note-theregister_com-4">[4]</a><a href="#cite_note-5">[5]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origin">Origin</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origin">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/John_G._Kemeny" title="John G. Kemeny">John G. Kemeny</a> was the chairman of the Dartmouth College Mathematics Department. Based largely on his reputation as an innovator in math teaching, in 1959 the college won an <a href="/wiki/Alfred_P._Sloan_Foundation" title="Alfred P. Sloan Foundation">Alfred P. Sloan Foundation</a> award for $500,000 to build a new department building.<a href="#cite_note-6">[6]</a> <a href="/wiki/Thomas_E._Kurtz" title="Thomas E. Kurtz">Thomas E. Kurtz</a> had joined the department in 1956, and from the 1960s Kemeny and Kurtz agreed on the need for programming literacy among students outside the traditional <a href="/wiki/Science,_technology,_engineering,_and_mathematics" title="Science, technology, engineering, and mathematics">STEM</a> fields. Kemeny later noted that "Our vision was that every student on campus should have access to a <a href="/wiki/Computer" title="Computer">computer</a>, and any faculty member should be able to use a computer in the classroom whenever appropriate. It was as simple as that."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> Kemeny and Kurtz had made two previous experiments with simplified languages, <a href="/wiki/DARSIMCO" title="DARSIMCO">DARSIMCO</a> (Dartmouth Simplified Code) and <a href="/wiki/DOPE_(Dartmouth_Oversimplified_Programming_Experiment)" class="mw-redirect" title="DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment)">DOPE (Dartmouth Oversimplified Programming Experiment)</a>. These did not progress past a single freshman class. New experiments using <a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a> and <a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> followed, but Kurtz concluded these languages were too tricky for what they desired. As Kurtz noted, Fortran had numerous oddly formed commands, notably an "almost impossible-to-memorize convention for specifying a loop: <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-fortran mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">DO 100, I = 1, 10, 2</code>. Is it '1, 10, 2' or '1, 2, 10', and is the comma after the line number required or not?"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> Moreover, the lack of any sort of immediate feedback was a key problem; the machines of the era used <a href="/wiki/Batch_processing" title="Batch processing">batch processing</a> and took a long time to complete a run of a program. While Kurtz was visiting <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-redirect" title="MIT">MIT</a>, <a href="/wiki/John_McCarthy_(computer_scientist)" title="John McCarthy (computer scientist)">John McCarthy</a> suggested that <a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">time-sharing</a> offered a solution; a single machine could divide up its processing time among many users, giving them the illusion of having a (slow) computer to themselves.<a href="#cite_note-Rankin-8">[8]</a> Small programs would return results in a few seconds. This led to increasing interest in a system using time-sharing and a new language specifically for use by non-STEM students.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> Kemeny wrote the first version of BASIC. The <a href="/wiki/Acronym" title="Acronym">acronym</a> BASIC comes from the name of an unpublished paper by Thomas Kurtz.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> The new language was heavily patterned on FORTRAN II; statements were one-to-a-line, numbers were used to indicate the target of loops and branches, and many of the commands were similar or identical to Fortran. However, the <a href="/wiki/Syntax_(programming_languages)" title="Syntax (programming languages)">syntax</a> was changed wherever it could be improved. For instance, the difficult to remember <code>DO</code> loop was replaced by the much easier to remember <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">FOR I = 1 TO 10 STEP 2</code>, and the line number used in the DO was instead indicated by the <code>NEXT I</code>.<a href="#cite_note-10">[a]</a> Likewise, the cryptic <code>IF</code> statement of Fortran, whose syntax matched a particular instruction of the machine on which it was originally written, became the simpler <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">IF I=5 THEN GOTO 100</code>. These changes made the language much less idiosyncratic while still having an overall structure and feel similar to the original FORTRAN.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> The project received a $300,000 grant from the <a href="/wiki/National_Science_Foundation" title="National Science Foundation">National Science Foundation</a>, which was used to purchase a <a href="/wiki/GE-225" class="mw-redirect" title="GE-225">GE-225</a> computer for processing, and a Datanet-30 realtime processor to handle the <a href="/wiki/Teletype_Model_33" title="Teletype Model 33">Teletype Model 33</a> <a href="/wiki/Teleprinter" title="Teleprinter">teleprinters</a> used for input and output. A team of a dozen undergraduates worked on the project for about a year, writing both the DTSS system and the BASIC compiler.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> The first version BASIC language was released on 1 May 1964.<a href="#cite_note-11">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-12">[11]</a> Initially, BASIC concentrated on supporting straightforward mathematical work, with <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrix</a> arithmetic support from its initial implementation as a batch language, and <a href="/wiki/Character_string" class="mw-redirect" title="Character string">character string</a> functionality being added by 1965. Usage in the university rapidly expanded, requiring the main CPU to be replaced by a GE-235,<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTETime2014-7">[7]</a> and still later by a GE-635. By the early 1970s there were hundreds of terminals connected to the machines at Dartmouth, some of them remotely. Wanting use of the language to become widespread, its designers made the compiler available free of charge. In the 1960s, software became a chargeable commodity; until then, it was provided without charge as a service with expensive computers, usually available only to lease. They also made it available to high schools in the <a href="/wiki/Hanover,_New_Hampshire" title="Hanover, New Hampshire">Hanover, New Hampshire</a>, area and regionally throughout New England on Teletype Model 33 and Model 35 teleprinter terminals connected to Dartmouth via dial-up phone lines, and they put considerable effort into promoting the language. In the following years, as other dialects of BASIC appeared, Kemeny and Kurtz's original BASIC dialect became known as <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">Dartmouth BASIC</a>. New Hampshire recognized the accomplishment in 2019 when it erected a highway historical marker in Hanover describing the creation of "the first user-friendly programming language".<a href="#cite_note-Brooks,_Concord_Monitor,_2019-13">[12]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spread_on_time-sharing_services">Spread on time-sharing services</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Spread on time-sharing services">edit</a>]</div> The emergence of BASIC took place as part of a wider movement toward time-sharing systems. First conceptualized during the late 1950s, the idea became so dominant in the computer industry by the early 1960s that its proponents were speaking of a future in which users would "buy time on the computer much the same way that the average household buys power and water from utility companies".<a href="#cite_note-wfbauer-14">[13]</a> General Electric, having worked on the Dartmouth project, wrote their own underlying operating system and launched an online time-sharing system known as Mark I. It featured BASIC as one of its primary selling points. Other companies in the emerging field quickly followed suit; <a href="/wiki/Tymshare" title="Tymshare">Tymshare</a> introduced <a href="/wiki/SUPER_BASIC" title="SUPER BASIC">SUPER BASIC</a> in 1968, <a href="/wiki/CompuServe" title="CompuServe">CompuServe</a> had a version on the <a href="/wiki/DEC-10" class="mw-redirect" title="DEC-10">DEC-10</a> at their launch in 1969, and by the early 1970s BASIC was largely universal on general-purpose <a href="/wiki/Mainframe_computers" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainframe computers">mainframe computers</a>. Even <a href="/wiki/IBM" title="IBM">IBM</a> eventually joined the club with the introduction of VS-BASIC in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-15">[14]</a> Although time-sharing services with BASIC were successful for a time, the widespread success predicted earlier was not to be. The emergence of minicomputers during the same period, and especially low-cost microcomputers in the mid-1970s, allowed anyone to purchase and run their own systems rather than buy online time which was typically billed at dollars per minute.<a href="#cite_note-16">[b]</a><a href="#cite_note-17">[15]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Spread_on_minicomputers">Spread on minicomputers</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Spread on minicomputers">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg/220px-ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg/330px-ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg/440px-ESO_Hewlett_Packard_2116_minicomputer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5598" data-file-height="3744" /></a><figcaption>The HP 2000 system was designed to run time-shared BASIC as its primary task.</figcaption></figure> BASIC, by its very nature of being small, was naturally suited to porting to the <a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">minicomputer</a> market, which was emerging at the same time as the time-sharing services. These machines had small <a href="/wiki/Main_memory" class="mw-redirect" title="Main memory">main memory</a>, perhaps as little as 4 KB in modern terminology,<a href="#cite_note-18">[c]</a> and lacked high-performance storage like <a href="/wiki/Hard_drive" class="mw-redirect" title="Hard drive">hard drives</a> that make compilers practical. On these systems, BASIC was normally implemented as an interpreter rather than a compiler due to its lower requirement for working memory.<a href="#cite_note-19">[d]</a> A particularly important example was <a href="/wiki/HP_Time-Shared_BASIC" title="HP Time-Shared BASIC">HP Time-Shared BASIC</a>, which, like the original Dartmouth system, used two computers working together to implement a time-sharing system. The first, a low-end machine in the <a href="/wiki/HP_2100" title="HP 2100">HP 2100</a> series, was used to control user input and save and load their programs to tape or disk. The other, a high-end version of the same underlying machine, ran the programs and generated output. For a cost of about $100,000, one could own a machine capable of running between 16 and 32 users at the same time.<a href="#cite_note-ts-20">[16]</a> The system, bundled as the HP 2000, was the first mini platform to offer time-sharing and was an immediate runaway success, catapulting HP to become the third-largest vendor in the minicomputer space, behind <a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">DEC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Data_General" title="Data General">Data General</a> (DG).<a href="#cite_note-21">[17]</a> DEC, the leader in the minicomputer space since the mid-1960s, had initially ignored BASIC. This was due to their work with <a href="/wiki/RAND_Corporation" title="RAND Corporation">RAND Corporation</a>, who had purchased a <a href="/wiki/PDP-6" title="PDP-6">PDP-6</a> to run their <a href="/wiki/JOSS" title="JOSS">JOSS</a> language, which was conceptually very similar to BASIC.<a href="#cite_note-22">[18]</a> This led DEC to introduce a smaller, cleaned up version of JOSS known as <a href="/wiki/FOCAL_(programming_language)" title="FOCAL (programming language)">FOCAL</a>, which they heavily promoted in the late 1960s. However, with timesharing systems widely offering BASIC, and all of their competition in the minicomputer space doing the same, DEC's customers were clamoring for BASIC. After management repeatedly ignored their pleas, <a href="/wiki/David_H._Ahl" title="David H. Ahl">David H. Ahl</a> took it upon himself to buy a BASIC for the <a href="/wiki/PDP-8" title="PDP-8">PDP-8</a>, which was a major success in the education market. By the early 1970s, FOCAL and JOSS had been forgotten and BASIC had become almost universal in the minicomputer market.<a href="#cite_note-23">[19]</a> DEC would go on to introduce their updated version, <a href="/wiki/BASIC-PLUS" title="BASIC-PLUS">BASIC-PLUS</a>, for use on the <a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a> time-sharing operating system. During this period a number of simple <a href="/wiki/Text-based_game" title="Text-based game">text-based games</a> were written in BASIC, most notably Mike Mayfield's <a href="/wiki/Star_Trek_(text_game)" class="mw-redirect" title="Star Trek (text game)">Star Trek</a>. David Ahl collected these, some ported from FOCAL, and published them in an educational newsletter he compiled. He later collected a number of these into book form, 101 BASIC Computer Games, published in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-basicgames-24">[20]</a> During the same period, Ahl was involved in the creation of a small computer for education use, an early <a href="/wiki/Personal_computer" title="Personal computer">personal computer</a>. When management refused to support the concept, Ahl left DEC in 1974 to found the seminal computer magazine, <a href="/wiki/Creative_Computing_(magazine)" title="Creative Computing (magazine)">Creative Computing</a>. The book remained popular, and was re-published on several occasions.<a href="#cite_note-25">[21]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Explosive_growth:_the_home_computer_era">Explosive growth: the home computer era</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Explosive growth: the home computer era">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_computers_with_on-board_BASIC" title="List of computers with on-board BASIC">List of computers with on-board BASIC</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CommodoreBasic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CommodoreBasic.png/220px-CommodoreBasic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CommodoreBasic.png/330px-CommodoreBasic.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/CommodoreBasic.png/440px-CommodoreBasic.png 2x" data-file-width="756" data-file-height="530" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a> v2.0 on the <a href="/wiki/Commodore_64" title="Commodore 64">Commodore 64</a> </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Msxbasic.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Msxbasic.png/220px-Msxbasic.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/71/Msxbasic.png 1.5x" data-file-width="256" data-file-height="192" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/MSX_BASIC" title="MSX BASIC">MSX BASIC</a> version 3.0</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg/220px-Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg/330px-Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg/440px-Pn-pravez-class-5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1045" /></a><figcaption>"Train Basic every day!"—reads a poster (bottom center) in a Russian school (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr> 1985–86)</figcaption></figure> The introduction of the first <a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">microcomputers</a> in the mid-1970s was the start of explosive growth for BASIC. It had the advantage that it was fairly well known to the young designers and computer hobbyists who took an interest in microcomputers, many of whom had seen BASIC on minis or mainframes. Despite <a href="/wiki/Edsger_W._Dijkstra" title="Edsger W. Dijkstra">Dijkstra</a>'s famous judgement in 1975, "It is practically impossible to teach good programming to students that have had a prior exposure to BASIC: as potential programmers they are mentally mutilated beyond hope of regeneration",<a href="#cite_note-26">[22]</a> BASIC was one of the few languages that was both high-level enough to be usable by those without training and small enough to fit into the microcomputers of the day, making it the de facto standard programming language on early microcomputers. The first <a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">microcomputer version</a> of BASIC was co-written by <a href="/wiki/Bill_Gates" title="Bill Gates">Bill Gates</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paul_Allen" title="Paul Allen">Paul Allen</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monte_Davidoff" title="Monte Davidoff">Monte Davidoff</a> for their newly formed company, Micro-Soft.<a href="#cite_note-27">[23]</a> This was released by MITS in <a href="/wiki/Punch_tape" class="mw-redirect" title="Punch tape">punch tape</a> format for the <a href="/wiki/Altair_8800" title="Altair 8800">Altair 8800</a> shortly after the machine itself,<a href="#cite_note-28">[24]</a> immediately cementing BASIC as the primary language of early microcomputers. Members of the <a href="/wiki/Homebrew_Computer_Club" title="Homebrew Computer Club">Homebrew Computer Club</a> began circulating copies of the program, causing Gates to write his <a href="/wiki/Open_Letter_to_Hobbyists" class="mw-redirect" title="Open Letter to Hobbyists">Open Letter to Hobbyists</a>, complaining about this early example of <a href="/wiki/Software_piracy" class="mw-redirect" title="Software piracy">software piracy</a>. Partially in response to Gates's letter, and partially to make an even smaller BASIC that would run usefully on 4 KB machines,<a href="#cite_note-29">[e]</a> <a href="/wiki/Bob_Albrecht" title="Bob Albrecht">Bob Albrecht</a> urged <a href="/wiki/Dennis_Allison" title="Dennis Allison">Dennis Allison</a> to write their own variation of the language. How to design and implement a stripped-down version of an <a href="/wiki/Interpreter_(computer_software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Interpreter (computer software)">interpreter</a> for the BASIC language was covered in articles by Allison in the first three quarterly issues of the <a href="/wiki/People%27s_Computer_Company" title="People's Computer Company">People's Computer Company</a> newsletter published in 1975 and implementations with source code published in <a href="/wiki/Dr._Dobb%27s_Journal_of_Tiny_BASIC_Calisthenics_%26_Orthodontia:_Running_Light_Without_Overbyte" class="mw-redirect" title="Dr. Dobb's Journal of Tiny BASIC Calisthenics & Orthodontia: Running Light Without Overbyte">Dr. Dobb's Journal of Tiny BASIC Calisthenics & Orthodontia: Running Light Without Overbyte</a>. This led to a wide variety of <a href="/wiki/Tiny_BASIC" title="Tiny BASIC">Tiny BASICs</a> with added features or other improvements, with versions from Tom Pittman and <a href="/wiki/Li-Chen_Wang" title="Li-Chen Wang">Li-Chen Wang</a> becoming particularly well known.<a href="#cite_note-30">[25]</a> Micro-Soft, by this time <a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a>, ported their interpreter for the <a href="/wiki/MOS_6502" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS 6502">MOS 6502</a>, which quickly become one of the most popular microprocessors of the 8-bit era. When new microcomputers began to appear, notably the "1977 trinity" of the <a href="/wiki/TRS-80" title="TRS-80">TRS-80</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commodore_PET" title="Commodore PET">Commodore PET</a> and <a href="/wiki/Apple_II" title="Apple II">Apple II</a>, they either included a version of the MS code, or quickly introduced new models with it. <a href="/wiki/Ohio_Scientific" title="Ohio Scientific">Ohio Scientific's</a> personal computers also joined this trend at that time. By 1978, MS BASIC was a de facto standard and practically every <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> of the 1980s included it in <a href="/wiki/Read-only_memory" title="Read-only memory">ROM</a>. Upon boot, a BASIC interpreter in <a href="/wiki/Direct_mode" title="Direct mode">direct mode</a> was presented. <a href="/wiki/Commodore_Business_Machines" class="mw-redirect" title="Commodore Business Machines">Commodore Business Machines</a> includes <a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a>, based on Microsoft BASIC. The Apple II and TRS-80 each have two versions of BASIC: a smaller introductory version with the initial releases of the machines and a Microsoft-based version introduced as interest in the platforms increased. As new companies entered the field, additional versions were added that subtly changed the BASIC family. The <a href="/wiki/Atari_8-bit_computers" title="Atari 8-bit computers">Atari 8-bit computers</a> use the 8 KB <a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a> which is not derived from Microsoft BASIC. <a href="/wiki/Sinclair_BASIC" title="Sinclair BASIC">Sinclair BASIC</a> was introduced in 1980 with the Sinclair <a href="/wiki/ZX80" title="ZX80">ZX80</a>, and was later extended for the Sinclair <a href="/wiki/ZX81" title="ZX81">ZX81</a> and the Sinclair <a href="/wiki/ZX_Spectrum" title="ZX Spectrum">ZX Spectrum</a>. The <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> published <a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a>, developed by <a href="/wiki/Acorn_Computers" title="Acorn Computers">Acorn Computers</a>, incorporates extra <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured programming</a> keywords and floating-point features. As the popularity of BASIC grew in this period, computer magazines published complete source code in BASIC for video games, utilities, and other programs. Given BASIC's straightforward nature, it was a simple matter to <a href="/wiki/Type-in_program" title="Type-in program">type in the code</a> from the magazine and execute the program. Different magazines were published featuring programs for specific computers, though some BASIC programs were considered universal and could be used in machines running any variant of BASIC (sometimes with minor adaptations). Many books of type-in programs were also available, and in particular, Ahl published versions of the original 101 BASIC games converted into the Microsoft dialect and published it from Creative Computing as <a href="/wiki/BASIC_Computer_Games" title="BASIC Computer Games">BASIC Computer Games</a>. This book, and its sequels, provided hundreds of ready-to-go programs that could be easily converted to practically any BASIC-running platform.<a href="#cite_note-basicgames-24">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-32">[27]</a> The book reached the stores in 1978, just as the <a href="/wiki/Home_computer" title="Home computer">home computer</a> market was starting off, and it became the first million-selling computer book. Later packages, such as Learn to Program BASIC would also have gaming as an introductory focus. On the business-focused <a href="/wiki/CP/M" title="CP/M">CP/M</a> computers which soon became widespread in small business environments, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a> (<a href="/wiki/MBASIC" title="MBASIC">MBASIC</a>) was one of the leading applications.<a href="#cite_note-oldcomputer-33">[28]</a> In 1978, David Lien published the first edition of The BASIC Handbook: An Encyclopedia of the BASIC Computer Language, documenting keywords across over 78 different computers. By 1981, the second edition documented keywords from over 250 different computers, showcasing the explosive growth of the microcomputer era.<a href="#cite_note-34">[29]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="IBM_PC_and_compatibles">IBM PC and compatibles</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: IBM PC and compatibles">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png/220px-IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png/330px-IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png/440px-IBM_Cassette_BASIC.png 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="350" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/IBM_Cassette_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Cassette BASIC">IBM Cassette BASIC</a> 1.10</figcaption></figure> When IBM was designing the <a href="/wiki/IBM_PC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM PC">IBM PC</a>, they followed the paradigm of existing home computers in having a built-in BASIC interpreter. They sourced this from Microsoft – <a href="/wiki/IBM_Cassette_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Cassette BASIC">IBM Cassette BASIC</a> – but Microsoft also produced several other versions of BASIC for <a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a>/<a href="/wiki/PC_DOS" class="mw-redirect" title="PC DOS">PC DOS</a> including <a href="/wiki/IBM_Disk_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM Disk BASIC">IBM Disk BASIC</a> (BASIC D), <a href="/wiki/IBM_BASICA" class="mw-redirect" title="IBM BASICA">IBM BASICA</a> (BASIC A), <a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a> (a BASICA-compatible version that did not need IBM's ROM)<a href="#cite_note-35">[30]</a> and <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a>, all typically bundled with the machine. In addition they produced the Microsoft BASIC Compiler aimed at professional programmers. <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Pascal" title="Turbo Pascal">Turbo Pascal</a>-publisher <a href="/wiki/Borland" title="Borland">Borland</a> published <a href="/wiki/Turbo_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Basic">Turbo Basic</a> 1.0 in 1985 (successor versions are still being marketed under the name <a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a>). On <a href="/wiki/Unix-like" title="Unix-like">Unix-like</a> systems, specialized implementations were created such as <a href="/wiki/XBasic" title="XBasic">XBasic</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=X11-Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="X11-Basic (page does not exist)">X11-Basic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[31]</a> XBasic was ported to <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> as <a href="/wiki/XBLite" title="XBLite">XBLite</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Cross-platform" class="mw-redirect" title="Cross-platform">cross-platform</a> variants such as <a href="/wiki/SmallBasic" class="mw-redirect" title="SmallBasic">SmallBasic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Yabasic" title="Yabasic">yabasic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bywater_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Bywater BASIC">Bywater BASIC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-37">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-38">[33]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NuBasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NuBasic (page does not exist)">nuBasic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-39">[34]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=MyBasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MyBasic (page does not exist)">MyBasic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-40">[35]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Logic_Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Logic Basic (page does not exist)">Logic Basic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-41">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a>, and <a href="/wiki/WxBasic" title="WxBasic">wxBasic</a> emerged. <a href="/wiki/FutureBASIC" title="FutureBASIC">FutureBASIC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a> meanwhile targeted the <a href="/wiki/Apple_Macintosh" class="mw-redirect" title="Apple Macintosh">Apple Macintosh</a>, while yab is a version of <a href="/wiki/YaBasic" class="mw-redirect" title="YaBasic">yaBasic</a> optimized for <a href="/wiki/BeOS" title="BeOS">BeOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/ZETA_(operating_system)" title="ZETA (operating system)">ZETA</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku</a>.<a href="#cite_note-42">[37]</a> These later variations introduced many extensions, such as improved <a href="/wiki/String_manipulation" class="mw-redirect" title="String manipulation">string manipulation</a> and graphics support, access to the <a href="/wiki/File_system" title="File system">file system</a> and additional <a href="/wiki/Data_type" title="Data type">data types</a>. More important were the facilities for <a href="/wiki/Structured_programming" title="Structured programming">structured programming</a>, including additional <a href="/wiki/Control_structures" class="mw-redirect" title="Control structures">control structures</a> and proper <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">subroutines</a> supporting <a href="/wiki/Local_variable" title="Local variable">local variables</a>.<a href="#cite_note-GBvsQB-43">[38]</a> However, by the latter half of the 1980s, users were increasingly using pre-made applications written by others rather than learning programming themselves; while professional programmers now had a wide range of more advanced languages available on small computers. <a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a> and later <a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a> became the languages of choice for professional <a href="/wiki/Shrink_wrap_contract" class="mw-redirect" title="Shrink wrap contract">"shrink wrap"</a> application development.<a href="#cite_note-44">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-45">[40]</a> A niche that BASIC continued to fill was for hobbyist <a href="/wiki/Video_game_development" title="Video game development">video game development</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Game_creation_system" title="Game creation system">game creation systems</a> and readily available <a href="/wiki/Game_engine" title="Game engine">game engines</a> were still in their infancy. The <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a> had <a href="/wiki/STOS_BASIC" title="STOS BASIC">STOS BASIC</a> while the <a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a> had <a href="/wiki/AMOS_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AMOS BASIC">AMOS BASIC</a> for this purpose. Microsoft first exhibited BASIC for game development with <a href="/wiki/DONKEY.BAS" title="DONKEY.BAS">DONKEY.BAS</a> for <a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a>, and later <a href="/wiki/GORILLA.BAS" class="mw-redirect" title="GORILLA.BAS">GORILLA.BAS</a> and <a href="/wiki/NIBBLES.BAS" class="mw-redirect" title="NIBBLES.BAS">NIBBLES.BAS</a> for <a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a>. <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a> maintained an active game development community,<a href="#cite_note-46">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-47">[42]</a> which helped later spawn the <a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a> and <a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a> implementations.<a href="#cite_note-48">[43]</a> In 2013 a game written in <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a> and compiled with <a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a> for modern computers entitled <a href="/w/index.php?title=Black_Annex&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Black Annex (page does not exist)">Black Annex</a> was released on <a href="/wiki/Steam_(software)" class="mw-redirect" title="Steam (software)">Steam</a>.<a href="#cite_note-49">[44]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[45]</a> <a href="/wiki/Blitz_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Blitz Basic">Blitz Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dark_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Dark Basic">Dark Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/SdlBasic" title="SdlBasic">SdlBasic</a>, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Super_Game_System_Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Super Game System Basic (page does not exist)">Super Game System Basic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-51">[46]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=PlayBASIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="PlayBASIC (page does not exist)">PlayBASIC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-52">[47]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=CoolBasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="CoolBasic (page does not exist)">CoolBasic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-53">[48]</a> <a href="/wiki/Allegro_(software_library)" title="Allegro (software library)">AllegroBASIC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-54">[49]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=EthosBASIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="EthosBASIC (page does not exist)">ethosBASIC</a>,<a href="#cite_note-55">[50]</a> <a href="/wiki/GLBasic" title="GLBasic">GLBasic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Basic4GL" title="Basic4GL">Basic4GL</a> further filled this demand, right up to the modern <a href="/w/index.php?title=RCBasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RCBasic (page does not exist)">RCBasic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-56">[51]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=NaaLaa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="NaaLaa (page does not exist)">NaaLaa</a>,<a href="#cite_note-57">[52]</a> <a href="/wiki/AppGameKit" class="mw-redirect" title="AppGameKit">AppGameKit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-58">[53]</a> <a href="/w/index.php?title=Monkey_2&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Monkey 2 (page does not exist)">Monkey 2</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Cerberus-X&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cerberus-X (page does not exist)">Cerberus-X</a>.<a href="#cite_note-59">[54]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Visual_Basic">Visual Basic</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Visual Basic">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic (classic)</a></div> In 1991, Microsoft introduced <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a>, an evolutionary development of <a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a>. It included constructs from that language such as block-structured control statements, parameterized subroutines and optional <a href="/wiki/Type_system#STATIC" title="Type system">static typing</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Object_oriented_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Object oriented language">object-oriented</a> constructs from other languages such as "With" and "For Each". The language retained some compatibility with its predecessors, such as the Dim keyword for declarations, "Gosub"/Return statements and optional line numbers which could be used to locate errors. An important driver for the development of Visual Basic was as the new <a href="/wiki/Macro_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Macro language">macro language</a> for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Spreadsheet" title="Spreadsheet">spreadsheet</a> program. To the surprise of many at Microsoft who still initially marketed it as a language for hobbyists, the language came into widespread use for small custom business applications shortly after the release of VB version 3.0, which is widely considered the first relatively stable version. Microsoft also spun it off as <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a> and <a href="/wiki/Embedded_Visual_Basic" title="Embedded Visual Basic">Embedded Visual Basic</a>. While many advanced programmers still scoffed at its use, VB met the needs of <a href="/wiki/Small_business" title="Small business">small businesses</a> efficiently as by that time, computers running Windows 3.1 had become fast enough that many business-related processes could be completed "in the blink of an eye" even using a "slow" language, as long as large amounts of data were not involved. Many small business owners found they could create their own small, yet useful applications in a few evenings to meet their own specialized needs. Eventually, during the lengthy lifetime of VB3, knowledge of Visual Basic had become a marketable job skill. Microsoft also produced <a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a> in 1996 and <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic .NET</a> in 2001. The latter has essentially the same power as <a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a> and <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> but with syntax that reflects the original Basic language, and also features some cross-platform capability through implementations such as <a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono-Basic</a>.<a href="#cite_note-60">[55]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Integrated_development_environment" title="Integrated development environment">IDE</a>, with its <a href="/wiki/Event-driven_programming" title="Event-driven programming">event-driven</a> <a href="/wiki/GUI_builder" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI builder">GUI builder</a>, was also influential on other <a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">rapid application development</a> tools, most notably <a href="/wiki/Borland_Software" class="mw-redirect" title="Borland Software">Borland Software</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Delphi_(software)" title="Delphi (software)">Delphi</a> for <a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a> and its own descendants such as <a href="/wiki/Lazarus_(IDE)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lazarus (IDE)">Lazarus</a>.<a href="#cite_note-61">[56]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[57]</a> Mainstream support for the final version 6.0 of the original Visual Basic ended on March 31, 2005, followed by extended support in March 2008.<a href="#cite_note-63">[58]</a> Owing to its persistent remaining popularity,<a href="#cite_note-64">[59]</a> third-party attempts to further support it exist.<a href="#cite_note-65">[60]</a> On February 2, 2017, Microsoft announced that development on VB.NET would no longer be in parallel with that of C#,<a href="#cite_note-66">[61]</a> and on March 11, 2020, it was announced that evolution of the VB.NET language had also concluded.<a href="#cite_note-67">[62]</a> Even so, the language was still supported.<a href="#cite_note-68">[63]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:TriBasicExample.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TriBasicExample.png/220px-TriBasicExample.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TriBasicExample.png/330px-TriBasicExample.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/TriBasicExample.png/440px-TriBasicExample.png 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="1024" /></a><figcaption>Three modern Basic variants: <a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono</a> Basic, <a href="/wiki/OpenOffice.org_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="OpenOffice.org Basic">OpenOffice.org Basic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Post-1990_versions_and_dialects">Post-1990 versions and dialects</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Post-1990 versions and dialects">edit</a>]</div> Many other BASIC dialects have also sprung up since 1990, including the <a href="/wiki/Open-source_software" title="Open-source software">open source</a> <a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a> and <a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a>, inspired by QBasic, and the Visual Basic-styled <a href="/wiki/RapidQ" title="RapidQ">RapidQ</a>, <a href="/wiki/HBasic" class="mw-redirect" title="HBasic">HBasic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic_For_Qt" class="mw-redirect" title="Basic For Qt">Basic For Qt</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a>.<a href="#cite_note-theregister_com-4">[4]</a> Modern commercial incarnations include <a href="/wiki/PureBasic" title="PureBasic">PureBasic</a>, <a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Blitz_Research" title="Blitz Research">Monkey X</a> and <a href="/wiki/True_BASIC" title="True BASIC">True BASIC</a> (the direct successor to Dartmouth BASIC from a company controlled by Kurtz). Several web-based simple BASIC interpreters also now exist, including Microsoft's <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Google" title="Google">Google</a>'s wwwBASIC.<a href="#cite_note-69">[64]</a> A number of compilers also exist that convert BASIC into <a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[65]</a> such as <a href="/wiki/NS_Basic" title="NS Basic">NS Basic</a>. Building from earlier efforts such as <a href="/wiki/Mobile_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile Basic">Mobile Basic</a>,<a href="#cite_note-71">[66]</a><a href="#cite_note-72">[67]</a> many dialects are now available for <a href="/wiki/Smartphone" title="Smartphone">smartphones</a> and tablets. On game consoles, an application for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_3DS" title="Nintendo 3DS">Nintendo 3DS</a> and <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_DSi" title="Nintendo DSi">Nintendo DSi</a> called <a href="/wiki/Petit_Computer" title="Petit Computer">Petit Computer</a> allows for programming in a slightly modified version of BASIC with DS button support. A version has also been released for <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Switch" title="Nintendo Switch">Nintendo Switch</a>, which has also been supplied a version of the Fuze Code System,<a href="#cite_note-73">[68]</a> a BASIC variant<a href="#cite_note-74">[69]</a> first implemented as a custom <a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi" title="Raspberry Pi">Raspberry Pi</a> machine.<a href="#cite_note-75">[70]</a> Previously BASIC was made available on consoles as <a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a> (for the <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Famicom" class="mw-redirect" title="Nintendo Famicom">Nintendo Famicom</a>) and <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PSX</a> <a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a> (for the original <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_(console)" title="PlayStation (console)">PlayStation</a>), while <a href="/wiki/Yabasic" title="Yabasic">yabasic</a> was ported to the <a href="/wiki/PlayStation_2" title="PlayStation 2">PlayStation 2</a> and <a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a> to the original <a href="/wiki/Xbox_(console)" title="Xbox (console)">Xbox</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Calculators">Calculators</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Calculators">edit</a>]</div> Variants of BASIC are available on graphing and otherwise <a href="/wiki/Programmable_calculator" title="Programmable calculator">programmable calculators</a> made by <a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a> (<a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC" title="TI-BASIC">TI-BASIC</a>), HP (<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC_(HP_calculators)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="BASIC (HP calculators) (page does not exist)">HP BASIC</a>), Casio (<a href="/wiki/Casio_BASIC" title="Casio BASIC">Casio BASIC</a>), and others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Windows_command-line">Windows command-line</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Windows command-line">edit</a>]</div> <a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a>, a version of Microsoft <a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a> without the linker to make EXE files, is present in the <a href="/wiki/Windows_NT" title="Windows NT">Windows NT</a> and DOS-<a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> streams of operating systems and can be obtained for more recent releases like <a href="/wiki/Windows_7" title="Windows 7">Windows 7</a> which do not have them. Prior to DOS 5, the Basic interpreter was <a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-Basic</a>. QuickBasic is part of a series of three languages issued by Microsoft for the home and office power user and small-scale professional development; QuickC and QuickPascal are the other two. For <a href="/wiki/Windows_95" title="Windows 95">Windows 95</a> and 98, which do not have QBasic installed by default, they can be copied from the installation disc, which will have a set of directories for old and optional software; other missing commands like Exe2Bin and others are in these same directories. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Other">Other</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Other">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/220px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="105" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/330px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fb/Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg/440px-Nintendo-Famicom-Family-Basic-Keyboard-wCart.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4140" data-file-height="1980" /></a><figcaption>BASIC came to some video game systems, such as the Nintendo <a href="/wiki/Nintendo_Entertainment_System" title="Nintendo Entertainment System">Famicom</a>.</figcaption></figure> The various Microsoft, Lotus, and Corel office suites and related products are programmable with Visual Basic in one form or another, including <a href="/wiki/LotusScript" title="LotusScript">LotusScript</a>, which is very similar to VBA 6. The Host Explorer terminal emulator uses WWB as a macro language; or more recently the programme and the suite in which it is contained is programmable in an in-house Basic variant known as Hummingbird Basic. The VBScript variant is used for programming web content, Outlook 97, Internet Explorer, and the Windows Script Host. WSH also has a <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">Visual Basic for Applications</a> (VBA) engine installed as the third of the default engines along with VBScript, JScript, and the numerous proprietary or open source engines which can be installed like <a href="/wiki/PerlScript" class="mw-redirect" title="PerlScript">PerlScript</a>, a couple of Rexx-based engines, Python, Ruby, Tcl, Delphi, XLNT, PHP, and others; meaning that the two versions of Basic can be used along with the other mentioned languages, as well as LotusScript, in a WSF file, through the component object model, and other WSH and VBA constructions. VBScript is one of the languages that can be accessed by the 4Dos, 4NT, and Take Command enhanced shells. SaxBasic and WWB are also very similar to the Visual Basic line of Basic implementations. The pre-Office 97 macro language for Microsoft Word is known as <a href="/wiki/WordBASIC" title="WordBASIC">WordBASIC</a>. Excel 4 and 5 use Visual Basic itself as a macro language. <a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a>, an old-school interpreter similar to BASICs of the 1970s, is available for <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Windows" title="Microsoft Windows">Microsoft Windows</a> and <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Legacy">edit</a>]</div> The ubiquity of BASIC interpreters on personal computers was such that textbooks once included simple "Try It In BASIC" exercises that encouraged students to experiment with mathematical and computational concepts on classroom or home computers. Popular computer magazines of the day typically included <a href="/wiki/Type-in_program" title="Type-in program">type-in programs</a>. Futurist and sci-fi writer <a href="/wiki/David_Brin" title="David Brin">David Brin</a> mourned the loss of ubiquitous BASIC in a 2006 Salon article<a href="#cite_note-76">[71]</a> as have others who first used computers during this era. In turn, the article prompted Microsoft to develop and release <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Small Basic</a>;<a href="#cite_note-77">[72]</a> it also inspired similar projects like <a href="/wiki/Basic-256" title="Basic-256">Basic-256</a><a href="#cite_note-78">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-79">[74]</a> and the web based Quite Basic.<a href="#cite_note-80">[75]</a> <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth</a> held a 50th anniversary celebration for BASIC on 1 May 2014.<a href="#cite_note-81">[76]</a> The pedagogical use of BASIC has been followed by other languages, such as <a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a> and particularly <a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a>.<a href="#cite_note-82">[77]</a> Dartmouth College celebrated the 50th anniversary of the BASIC language with a day of events<a href="#cite_note-83">[78]</a> on April 30, 2014. A short documentary film was produced for the event.<a href="#cite_note-84">[79]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Syntax">Syntax</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Syntax">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Typical_BASIC_keywords">Typical BASIC keywords</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Typical BASIC keywords">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Data_manipulation">Data manipulation</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Data manipulation">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><code>LET</code></dt> <dd>assigns a value (which may be the result of an <a href="/wiki/Expression_(programming)" class="mw-redirect" title="Expression (programming)">expression</a>) to a variable. In most dialects of BASIC, <code>LET</code> is optional, and a line with no other identifiable keyword will assume the keyword to be <code>LET</code>.</dd> <dt><code>DATA</code></dt> <dd>holds a list of values which are assigned sequentially using the READ command.</dd> <dt><code>READ</code></dt> <dd>reads a value from a <code>DATA</code> statement and assigns it to a variable. An internal pointer keeps track of the last <code>DATA</code> element that was read and moves it one position forward with each <code>READ</code>. Most dialects allow multiple variables as parameters, reading several values in a single operation.</dd> <dt><code>RESTORE</code></dt> <dd>resets the internal pointer to the first <code>DATA</code> statement, allowing the program to begin <code>READ</code>ing from the first value. Many dialects allow an optional line number or ordinal value to allow the pointer to be reset to a selected location.</dd> <dt><code>DIM</code></dt> <dd>Sets up an array.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Program_flow_control">Program flow control</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Program flow control">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><code>IF ... THEN ... {ELSE}</code></dt> <dd>used to perform comparisons or make decisions. Early dialects only allowed a line number after the <code>THEN</code>, but later versions allowed any valid statement to follow. <code>ELSE</code> was not widely supported, especially in earlier versions.</dd> <dt><code>FOR ... TO ... {STEP} ... NEXT</code></dt> <dd>repeat a section of code a given number of times. A variable that acts as a counter, the "index", is available within the <a href="/wiki/Control_flow#Loops" title="Control flow">loop</a>.</dd> <dt><code>WHILE ... WEND</code> and <code>REPEAT ... UNTIL</code></dt> <dd>repeat a section of code while the specified condition is true. The condition may be evaluated before each iteration of the loop, or after. Both of these commands are found mostly in later dialects.</dd> <dt><code>DO ... LOOP {WHILE}</code> or <code>{UNTIL}</code></dt> <dd>repeat a section of code indefinitely or while/until the specified condition is true. The condition may be evaluated before each iteration of the loop, or after. Similar to <code>WHILE</code>, these keywords are mostly found in later dialects.</dd> <dt><code><a href="/wiki/Goto" title="Goto">GOTO</a></code></dt> <dd>jumps to a numbered or labelled line in the program. Most dialects also allowed the form <code class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-text mw-content-ltr" style="" dir="ltr">GO TO</code>.</dd> <dt><code>GOSUB ... RETURN</code></dt> <dd>jumps to a numbered or labelled line, executes the code it finds there until it reaches a <code>RETURN</code> command, on which it jumps back to the statement following the <code>GOSUB</code>, either after a colon, or on the next line. This is used to implement <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">subroutines</a>.</dd> <dt><code>ON ... GOTO/GOSUB</code></dt> <dd>chooses where to jump based on the specified conditions. See <a href="/wiki/Switch_statement" title="Switch statement">Switch statement</a> for other forms.</dd> <dt><code>DEF FN</code></dt> <dd>a pair of keywords introduced in the early 1960s to define functions. The original BASIC functions were modelled on FORTRAN single-line functions. BASIC functions were one expression with variable arguments, rather than <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">subroutines</a>, with a syntax on the model of <code>DEF FND(x) = x*x</code> at the beginning of a program. Function names were originally restricted to FN, plus one letter, i.e., FNA, FNB ...</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Input_and_output">Input and output</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Input and output">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><code>LIST</code></dt> <dd>displays the full source code of the current program.</dd> <dt><code>PRINT</code></dt> <dd>displays a message on the screen or other output device.</dd> <dt><code>INPUT</code></dt> <dd>asks the user to enter the value of a variable. The statement may include a prompt message.</dd> <dt><code>TAB</code></dt> <dd>used with <code>PRINT</code> to set the position where the next character will be shown on the screen or printed on paper. <code>AT</code> is an alternative form.</dd> <dt><code>SPC</code></dt> <dd>prints out a number of space characters. Similar in concept to <code>TAB</code> but moves by a number of additional spaces from the current column rather than moving to a specified column.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Mathematical_functions">Mathematical functions</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Mathematical functions">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><code>ABS</code></dt> <dd>Absolute value</dd> <dt><code>ATN</code></dt> <dd>Arctangent (result in <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radians</a>)</dd> <dt><code>COS</code></dt> <dd>Cosine (argument in <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radians</a>)</dd> <dt><code>EXP</code></dt> <dd>Exponential function</dd> <dt><code>INT</code></dt> <dd>Integer part (typically <a href="/wiki/Floor_function" class="mw-redirect" title="Floor function">floor function</a>)</dd> <dt><code>LOG</code></dt> <dd>Natural logarithm</dd> <dt><code>RND</code></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Random_number_generation" title="Random number generation">Random number generation</a></dd> <dt><code>SIN</code></dt> <dd>Sine (argument in <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radians</a>)</dd> <dt><code>SQR</code></dt> <dd>Square root</dd> <dt><code>TAN</code></dt> <dd>Tangent (argument in <a href="/wiki/Radian" title="Radian">radians</a>)</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Miscellaneous">Miscellaneous</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Miscellaneous">edit</a>]</div> <dl><dt><code>REM</code></dt> <dd>holds a programmer's comment or REMark; often used to give a title to the program and to help identify the purpose of a given section of code.</dd> <dt> <code>USR</code> ("User Serviceable Routine")</dt> <dd>transfers program control to a <a href="/wiki/Machine_code" title="Machine code">machine language</a> subroutine, usually entered as an alphanumeric <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">string</a> or in a list of DATA statements.</dd> <dt><code>CALL</code></dt> <dd>alternative form of <code>USR</code> found in some dialects. Does not require an artificial parameter to complete the function-like syntax of <code>USR</code>, and has a clearly defined method of calling different routines in memory.</dd> <dt><code>TRON</code> / <code>TROFF</code></dt> <dd>turns on display of each line number as it is run ("TRace ON"). This was useful for <a href="/wiki/Debugging" title="Debugging">debugging</a> or correcting of problems in a program. TROFF turns it back off again.</dd> <dt><code>ASM</code></dt> <dd>some compilers such as Freebasic,<a href="#cite_note-85">[80]</a> Purebasic,<a href="#cite_note-86">[81]</a> and Powerbasic<a href="#cite_note-87">[82]</a> also support <a href="/wiki/Inline_assembler" title="Inline assembler">inline assembly</a> language, allowing the programmer to intermix high-level and low-level code, typically prefixed with "ASM" or "!" statements.</dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Data_types_and_variables">Data types and variables</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Data types and variables">edit</a>]</div> Minimal versions of BASIC had only integer variables and one- or two-letter variable names, which minimized requirements of limited and expensive memory (RAM). More powerful versions had floating-point arithmetic, and variables could be labelled with names six or more characters long. There were some problems and restrictions in early implementations; for example, Applesoft BASIC allowed variable names to be several characters long, but only the first two were significant, thus it was possible to inadvertently write a program with variables "LOSS" and "LOAN", which would be treated as being the same; assigning a value to "LOAN" would silently overwrite the value intended as "LOSS". Keywords could not be used in variables in many early BASICs; "SCORE" would be interpreted as "SC" OR "E", where OR was a keyword. <a href="/wiki/String_(computer_science)" title="String (computer science)">String</a> variables are usually distinguished in many microcomputer dialects by having $ suffixed to their name as a <a href="/wiki/Sigil_(computer_programming)" title="Sigil (computer programming)">sigil</a>, and values are often identified as strings by being delimited by "double quotation marks". Arrays in BASIC could contain integers, floating point or string variables. Some dialects of BASIC supported <a href="/wiki/Matrix_(mathematics)" title="Matrix (mathematics)">matrices and matrix operations</a>, which can be used to solve sets of simultaneous linear algebraic equations. These dialects would directly support matrix operations such as assignment, addition, multiplication (of compatible matrix types), and evaluation of a determinant. Many microcomputer BASICs did not support this data type; matrix operations were still possible, but had to be programmed explicitly on array elements. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Examples">Examples</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Examples">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:ARROW_(Listing)_(3300726999).png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png/220px-ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png/330px-ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png/440px-ARROW_%28Listing%29_%283300726999%29.png 2x" data-file-width="885" data-file-height="582" /></a><figcaption>A simple game implemented in BASIC</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Unstructured_BASIC">Unstructured BASIC</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Unstructured BASIC">edit</a>]</div> New BASIC programmers on a home computer might start with a simple program, perhaps using the language's PRINT statement to display a message on the screen; a well-known and often-replicated example is <a href="/wiki/The_C_Programming_Language" title="The C Programming Language">Kernighan and Ritchie</a>'s <a href="/wiki/%22Hello,_World!%22_program" title=""Hello, World!" program">"Hello, World!" program</a>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>10 PRINT "Hello, World!" 20 END </pre></div> An <a href="/wiki/Infinite_loop" title="Infinite loop">infinite loop</a> could be used to fill the display with the message: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>10 PRINT "Hello, World!" 20 GOTO 10 </pre></div> Note that the <code>END</code> statement is optional and has no action in most dialects of BASIC. It was not always included, as is the case in this example. This same program can be modified to print a fixed number of messages using the common <code>FOR...NEXT</code> statement: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>10 LET N=10 20 FOR I=1 TO N 30 PRINT "Hello, World!" 40 NEXT I </pre></div> Most home computers BASIC versions, such as <a href="/wiki/MSX_BASIC" title="MSX BASIC">MSX BASIC</a> and <a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a>, supported simple data types, loop cycles, and arrays. The following example is written for GW-BASIC, but will work in most versions of BASIC with minimal changes: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>10 INPUT "What is your name: "; U$ 20 PRINT "Hello "; U$ 30 INPUT "How many stars do you want: "; N 40 S$ = "" 50 FOR I = 1 TO N 60 S$ = S$ + "*" 70 NEXT I 80 PRINT S$ 90 INPUT "Do you want more stars? "; A$ 100 IF LEN(A$) = 0 THEN GOTO 90 110 A$ = LEFT$(A$, 1) 120 IF A$ = "Y" OR A$ = "y" THEN GOTO 30 130 PRINT "Goodbye "; U$ 140 END </pre></div> The resulting dialog might resemble: <pre>What is your name: Mike Hello Mike How many stars do you want: 7 ******* Do you want more stars? yes How many stars do you want: 3 *** Do you want more stars? no Goodbye Mike </pre> The original Dartmouth Basic was unusual in having a matrix keyword, MAT.<a href="#cite_note-88">[f]</a> Although not implemented by most later microprocessor derivatives, it is used in this example from the 1968 manual<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a> which averages the numbers that are input: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-basic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>5 LET S = 0 10 MAT INPUT V 20 LET N = NUM 30 IF N = 0 THEN 99 40 FOR I = 1 TO N 45 LET S = S + V(I) 50 NEXT I 60 PRINT S/N 70 GO TO 5 99 END </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Structured_BASIC">Structured BASIC</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Structured BASIC">edit</a>]</div> Second-generation BASICs (for example, <a href="/wiki/VSI_BASIC_for_OpenVMS" title="VSI BASIC for OpenVMS">VAX Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/SuperBASIC" title="SuperBASIC">SuperBASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/True_BASIC" title="True BASIC">True BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pick_operating_system" title="Pick operating system">Pick BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a>, <a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a> and (arguably) <a href="/wiki/COMAL" title="COMAL">COMAL</a>) introduced a number of features into the language, primarily related to structured and procedure-oriented programming. Usually, <a href="/wiki/Line_number" title="Line number">line numbering</a> is omitted from the language and replaced with <a href="/wiki/Label_(computer_science)" title="Label (computer science)">labels</a> (for <a href="/wiki/GOTO" class="mw-redirect" title="GOTO">GOTO</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Subroutine" class="mw-redirect" title="Subroutine">procedures</a> to encourage easier and more flexible design.<a href="#cite_note-GBvsQB-43">[38]</a> In addition keywords and structures to support repetition, selection and procedures with local variables were introduced. The following example is in Microsoft QuickBASIC: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-qbasic mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>REM QuickBASIC example REM Forward declaration - allows the main code to call a REM subroutine that is defined later in the source code DECLARE SUB PrintSomeStars (StarCount!) REM Main program follows INPUT "What is your name: ", UserName$ PRINT "Hello "; UserName$ DO INPUT "How many stars do you want: ", NumStars CALL PrintSomeStars(NumStars) DO INPUT "Do you want more stars? ", Answer$ LOOP UNTIL Answer$ <> "" Answer$ = LEFT$(Answer$, 1) LOOP WHILE UCASE$(Answer$) = "Y" PRINT "Goodbye "; UserName$ END REM subroutine definition SUB PrintSomeStars (StarCount) REM This procedure uses a local variable called Stars$ Stars$ = STRING$(StarCount, "*") PRINT Stars$ END SUB </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Object-oriented_BASIC">Object-oriented BASIC</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Object-oriented BASIC">edit</a>]</div> Third-generation BASIC dialects such as <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a>, <a href="/wiki/StarOffice_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="StarOffice Basic">StarOffice Basic</a>, <a href="/wiki/BlitzMax" class="mw-redirect" title="BlitzMax">BlitzMax</a> and <a href="/wiki/PureBasic" title="PureBasic">PureBasic</a> introduced features to support object-oriented and <a href="/wiki/Event-driven_programming" title="Event-driven programming">event-driven programming</a> paradigm. Most built-in procedures and functions are now represented as methods of standard objects rather than operators. Also, the <a href="/wiki/Operating_system" title="Operating system">operating system</a> became increasingly accessible to the BASIC language. The following example is in <a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_.NET" class="mw-redirect" title="Visual Basic .NET">Visual Basic .NET</a>: <div class="mw-highlight mw-highlight-lang-vbnet mw-content-ltr" dir="ltr"><pre>Public Module StarsProgram Private Function Ask(prompt As String) As String Console.Write(prompt) Return Console.ReadLine() End Function Public Sub Main() Dim userName = Ask("What is your name: ") Console.WriteLine("Hello {0}", userName) Dim answer As String Do Dim numStars = CInt(Ask("How many stars do you want: ")) Dim stars As New String("*"c, numStars) Console.WriteLine(stars) Do answer = Ask("Do you want more stars? ") Loop Until answer <> "" Loop While answer.StartsWith("Y", StringComparison.OrdinalIgnoreCase) Console.WriteLine("Goodbye {0}", userName) End Sub End Module </pre></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Standards">Standards</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Standards">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li>ANSI/ISO/IEC/ECMA Standard for Minimal BASIC: <ul><li>ANSI X3.60-1978 "For minimal BASIC"</li> <li>ISO/IEC 6373:1984 "Data Processing—Programming Languages—Minimal BASIC"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>-55 Minimal BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.60-1978)</li></ul></li> <li>ANSI/ISO/IEC/ECMA Standard for Full BASIC: <ul><li>ANSI X3.113-1987 "Programming Languages Full BASIC"</li> <li>INCITS/ISO/IEC 10279-1991 (R2005) "Information Technology – Programming Languages – Full BASIC"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecma_International" title="Ecma International">ECMA</a>-116 BASIC (withdrawn, similar to ANSI X3.113-1987)</li></ul></li> <li>ANSI/ISO/IEC Addendum Defining Modules: <ul><li>ANSI X3.113 Interpretations-1992 "BASIC Technical Information Bulletin # 1 Interpretations of ANSI 03.113-1987"</li> <li>ISO/IEC 10279:1991/ Amd 1:1994 "Modules and Single Character Input Enhancement"</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Compilers_and_interpreters">Compilers and interpreters</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Compilers and interpreters">edit</a>]</div> <div class="excerpt-block"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1066933788">.mw-parser-output .excerpt-hat .mw-editsection-like{font-style:normal}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_compilers#BASIC_compilers" title="List of compilers">List of compilers § BASIC compilers</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_compilers&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (June 2016)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th rowspan="2">Compiler </th> <th rowspan="2">Author </th> <th rowspan="2">Working state </th> <th rowspan="2">Windows </th> <th rowspan="2">Unix-like </th> <th rowspan="2">Other OSs </th> <th rowspan="2">License type </th> <th colspan="2">Standard conformance </th></tr> <tr> <th><a href="/wiki/Minimal_BASIC" title="Minimal BASIC">Minimal BASIC</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Full_BASIC" title="Full BASIC">Full BASIC</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/AppGameKit" class="mw-redirect" title="AppGameKit">AppGameKit</a></td> <td>The Game Creators</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <td>BASIC-PLUS-2 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> now <a href="/wiki/Hewlett_Packard_Enterprise" title="Hewlett Packard Enterprise">HPE</a> </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a>, <a href="/wiki/RSX-11M" class="mw-redirect" title="RSX-11M">RSX-11M</a>, <a href="/wiki/OpenVMS" title="OpenVMS">VMS</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <td>B4X</td> <td>Erel Uziel</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>)</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (JVM)</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC for SDL 2.0</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Russell" title="Richard T. Russell">Richard T. Russell</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>)</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a>)</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BlitzMax" class="mw-redirect" title="BlitzMax">BlitzMax</a></td> <td>Blitz Research</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Discontinued</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>)</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/DarkBASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="DarkBASIC">DarkBASIC</a></td> <td>The Game Creators</td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">Inactive</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>ECMA-55 Minimal BASIC compiler<a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a></td> <td>John Gatewood Ham</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a></td> <td>FreeBASIC Development Team</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/FreeBSD" title="FreeBSD">FreeBSD</a>, <a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a></td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/FutureBASIC" title="FutureBASIC">FutureBASIC</a></td> <td>Brilor Software</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Classic_Mac_OS" title="Classic Mac OS">Classic Mac OS</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Beno%C3%AEt_Minisini" title="Benoît Minisini">Benoît Minisini</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GFA_BASIC" title="GFA BASIC">GFA BASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Frank_Ostrowski" title="Frank Ostrowski">Frank Ostrowski</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Abandoned</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Amiga" title="Amiga">Amiga</a>, <a href="/wiki/Atari_ST" title="Atari ST">Atari ST</a>, <a href="/wiki/DOS" title="DOS">DOS</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/RemObjects_Elements" class="mw-redirect" title="RemObjects Elements">Mercury</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/RemObjects" class="mw-redirect" title="RemObjects">RemObjects</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>)</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/WebAssembly" title="WebAssembly">WebAssembly</a>)</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a> (formerly Turbo Basic)</td> <td>PowerBASIC, Inc.</td> <td style="background: #FED; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="dropped table-dropped">Inactive</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">DOS</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">? </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/PureBasic" title="PureBasic">PureBasic</a></td> <td>Fantaisie Software</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Galleon" title="Galleon">Galleon</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">Discontinued</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">DOS</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td>Tandem BASIC </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tandem_Computers" title="Tandem Computers">Tandem Computers</a> </td> <td data-sort-value="" style="background: #000; color: #CCC; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-na">Historic </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Guardian, NonStop Kernel, <a href="/wiki/NonStop_OS" class="mw-redirect" title="NonStop OS">NonStop OS</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/True_BASIC" title="True BASIC">True BASIC</a></td> <td>True BASIC</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFB; color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-partial">Partial<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VSI_BASIC_for_OpenVMS" title="VSI BASIC for OpenVMS">VSI BASIC for OpenVMS</a></td> <td>VMS Software, Inc.</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">OpenVMS</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a> (formerly REALbasic)</td> <td>Xojo Inc. (formerly Real Software)</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Current</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="excerpt-block"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1066933788"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable dablink excerpt-hat selfref">This section is an excerpt from <a href="/wiki/List_of_compilers#BASIC_interpreters" title="List of compilers">List of compilers § BASIC interpreters</a>.[<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=List_of_compilers&action=edit">edit</a>]</div><div class="excerpt"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox mbox-small-left ambox-notice" role="presentation" style="width: auto;"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/20px-Information_icon4.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/30px-Information_icon4.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/1/1d/Information_icon4.svg/40px-Information_icon4.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="620" data-file-height="620" /></td><td class="mbox-text" style="width: auto;"><div class="mbox-text-span">This list is <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Lists#Incomplete_lists" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Lists">incomplete</a>; you can help by <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit">adding missing items</a>. (December 2010)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Interpreter </th> <th>Author </th> <th>Windows </th> <th>Unix-like </th> <th>Other OSs </th> <th>License type </th></tr> <tr> <td>BASIC-PLUS </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Digital_Equipment_Corporation" title="Digital Equipment Corporation">Digital Equipment Corporation</a> </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No </td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/RSTS/E" title="RSTS/E">RSTS/E</a> </td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC for SDL 2.0</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Richard_T._Russell" title="Richard T. Russell">Richard T. Russell</a></td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes (<a href="/wiki/Linux" title="Linux">Linux</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/IOS" title="IOS">iOS</a>)</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Raspberry_Pi_OS" title="Raspberry Pi OS">Raspberry Pi OS</a>, <a href="/wiki/Web_browser" title="Web browser">Web browser</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/BwBASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="BwBASIC">Bywater BASIC (bwBASIC)</a></td> <td>Ted Campbell</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: var(--background-color-interactive, #EEE); color: var(--color-base, black); vertical-align: middle; white-space: nowrap; text-align: center;" class="table-Unknown">?</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a></td> <td>Shoptalk Systems</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a></td> <td>Ronald H. Nicholson, Jr.</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Freeware" title="Freeware">Freeware</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=TI_Basic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="TI Basic (page does not exist)">TI Basic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/TI-99/4A" title="TI-99/4A">TI-99/4A</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/TI_Extended_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Extended Basic">TI Extended Basic</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/TI-99/4A" title="TI-99/4A">TI-99/4A</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/w/index.php?title=MiniBasic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="MiniBasic (page does not exist)">MiniBasic</a></td> <td>Malcolm McLean</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_BASIC" title="Rocky Mountain BASIC">Rocky Mountain BASIC</a></td> <td>[Trans Era]</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/HP_9000" title="HP 9000">HP 9000</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>Bas</td> <td>Michael Haardt</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Yabasic" title="Yabasic">Yabasic</a></td> <td>Marc-Oliver Ihm</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Haiku_(operating_system)" title="Haiku (operating system)">Haiku</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SmallBASIC" title="SmallBASIC">SmallBASIC</a></td> <td>SmallBASIC</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Android_(operating_system)" title="Android (operating system)">Android</a>, <a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/SuperBASIC" title="SuperBASIC">SuperBASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Jan_Jones_(novelist)" title="Jan Jones (novelist)">Jan Jones</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_QL" title="Sinclair QL">Sinclair QL</a></td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>thinBasic</td> <td>thinBasic</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td>PC-BASIC</td> <td>Rob Hagemans</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes">Yes</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/MacOS" title="MacOS">macOS</a></td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Level_I_BASIC" title="Level I BASIC">Level I BASIC</a></td> <td>Steve Leininger</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/TRS-80" title="TRS-80">TRS-80</a> ROM</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Level_II_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Level II BASIC">Level II BASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a>, MultiDOS, DosPlus, LDOS</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Level_III_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Level III BASIC">Level III BASIC</a></td> <td><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#FFC7C7;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-no">No</td> <td style="background:#9EFF9E;color:black;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center;" class="table-yes"><a href="/wiki/TRSDOS" title="TRSDOS">TRSDOS</a>, <a href="/wiki/NewDos/80" title="NewDos/80">NewDos/80</a>, MultiDOS, DosPlus, LDOS</td> <td style="background: #E7E7FF; color:black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="table-proprietary"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a> </td></tr></tbody></table></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_BASIC_dialects" title="List of BASIC dialects">List of BASIC dialects</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> Fortran's DO had a <code>continue</code> for this purpose, but still required the line number to be entered. </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> Tymshare charged about US$10 per hour (equivalent to $78 in 2023) for accessing their systems. </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> Widely regarded as the first "true" mini, the PDP-8's 12-bit memory space allowed 4,096 address of 12-bits each, or 6,144 bytes. </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> Interpreters are ultimately similar to compilers in the tasks they perform, converting source code to machine code, but differ in when they perform it. Compilers convert the entire program at once and output a separate runnable program. Interpreters generally convert only a single line at a time (or even just a portion of it) and then immediately release that code once the line has completed running. This means they require only enough memory to run a single line, and do not require some form of high-performance secondary memory like a hard drive. </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a> Microsoft BASIC left 780 bytes free for user program code and variable values on a 4K machine, and that was running a cut-down version lacking string variables and other functionality. </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> From version 3 onwards. </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKemenyKurtz1963" class="citation book cs1">Kemeny, John G.; Kurtz, Thomas E. (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf">Basic: a manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System</a> (PDF) (1st ed.). Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College Computation Center. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_Oct64.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic%3A+a+manual+for+BASIC%2C+the+elementary+algebraic+language+designed+for+use+with+the+Dartmouth+Time+Sharing+System&rft.place=Hanover%2C+N.H.&rft.edition=1st&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College+Computation+Center&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Kemeny&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.trailing-edge.com%2Fpdf%2Fdartmouth%2FBASIC_Oct64.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRamel2019" class="citation web cs1">Ramel, David (February 12, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://visualstudiomagazine.com/articles/2019/02/12/tiobe-feb-19.aspx">"VB.NET Popularity Still Rising"</a>. Visual Studio Magazine. Retrieved March 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Visual+Studio+Magazine&rft.atitle=VB.NET+Popularity+Still+Rising&rft.date=2019-02-12&rft.aulast=Ramel&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvisualstudiomagazine.com%2Farticles%2F2019%2F02%2F12%2Ftiobe-feb-19.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSwersky2023" class="citation web cs1">Swersky, David (January 25, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://raygun.com/blog/programming-languages/">"40 most popular programming languages 2023: When and how to use them"</a>. Raygun. 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Retrieved March 25, 2023. <q>Enter Borland Delphi, which combined Object Pascal with a VB-like visual form builder. Object Pascal was Borland's own language, with full support for inheritance. It is case-insensitive and not much harder than VB for coding, once you get used to typing begin and end a lot (loosely equivalent to curly braces in C). Unlike VB, it sensibly has different operators for assignment (:=) and comparison (=).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=25+years+of+Delphi+and+no+Oracle+in+sight%3A+Not+a+Visual+Basic+killer+but+hard+to+kill&rft.date=2020-02-14&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2020%2F02%2F14%2F25_years_delphi_programming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSpeed2022" class="citation web cs1">Speed, Richard (May 6, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theregister.com/2022/05/06/rad_basic_alpha_3/">"RAD Basic – the Visual Basic 7 that never was – releases third alpha"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Register" title="The Register">The Register</a>. Retrieved March 26, 2023. <q>Alternatively, one can relive the days of the whole BASIC/Pascal rivalry with Delphi-compatible Lazarus.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Register&rft.atitle=RAD+Basic+%E2%80%93+the+Visual+Basic+7+that+never+was+%E2%80%93+releases+third+alpha&rft.date=2022-05-06&rft.aulast=Speed&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theregister.com%2F2022%2F05%2F06%2Frad_basic_alpha_3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-63"><a href="#cite_ref-63">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn2.microsoft.com/en-us/vbrun/ms788707.aspx">"Product Family Life Cycle Guidelines for Visual Basic 6.0"</a>. Msdn2.microsoft.com. March 31, 2005. 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Code Avenger.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Code+Avenger&rft.atitle=JavaScript+compilers.+Part+II%3A+Languages+that+compile+to+JavaScript&rft.date=2017-02-14&rft.aulast=Veteanu&rft.aufirst=Marian&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcodeavenger.com%2F2017%2F02%2F14%2FJavaScript-compilers.-Part-II-Languages-that-compile-to-JavaScript.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-71"><a href="#cite_ref-71">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://itecnote.com/tecnote/java-what-programming-languages-target-j2me/">"Java – What programming languages target J2ME"</a>. iTecNote. Retrieved September 30, 2023. <q>Now I've heard of other languages which supposedly make possible development without recourse to Java, languages like CellularBASIC (which looks a bit like QBASIC) and Hecl (which seems to be based on Tcl).</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=iTecNote&rft.atitle=Java+%E2%80%93+What+programming+languages+target+J2ME&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fitecnote.com%2Ftecnote%2Fjava-what-programming-languages-target-j2me%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-72"><a href="#cite_ref-72">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTello2007" class="citation web cs1">Tello, Guillaume (December 15, 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101028145645/https://gtello.pagesperso-orange.fr/lgks360_e.htm">"LG KS 360"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gtello.pagesperso-orange.fr/lgks360_e.htm">the original</a> on October 28, 2010. Retrieved September 30, 2023. <q>After some research on the Net, I came across this site about the CellularBASIC. It is a complete BASIC interpreter written in JAVA.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=LG+KS+360&rft.date=2007-12-15&rft.aulast=Tello&rft.aufirst=Guillaume&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fgtello.pagesperso-orange.fr%2Flgks360_e.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiller2017" class="citation web cs1">Miller, Paul (June 19, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/circuitbreaker/2017/6/19/15833220/fuze-code-studio-nintendo-switch-make-your-own-basic-games">"Fuze Code Studio will let kids use the Switch to code their own Switch games"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. Retrieved September 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Fuze+Code+Studio+will+let+kids+use+the+Switch+to+code+their+own+Switch+games&rft.date=2017-06-19&rft.aulast=Miller&rft.aufirst=Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2Fcircuitbreaker%2F2017%2F6%2F19%2F15833220%2Ffuze-code-studio-nintendo-switch-make-your-own-basic-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-74"><a href="#cite_ref-74">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPorter2015" class="citation web cs1">Porter, Matt (December 18, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thegadgetman.org.uk/back-to-basic-with-fuze/">"Now kids can get back to BASIC with Fuze"</a>. The Gadget Man. 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Retrieved September 30, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Gadget+Man&rft.atitle=FUZE+powered+by+Raspberry+Pi+V2+review&rft.date=2015-10-21&rft.aulast=Bedford&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thegadgetman.org.uk%2Fback-to-basic-with-fuze%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-76"><a href="#cite_ref-76">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrin2006" class="citation web cs1">Brin, David (September 14, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130918213750/http://www.salon.com/2006/09/14/basic_2/singleton/">"Why Johnny Can't Code"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Salon_(website)" class="mw-redirect" title="Salon (website)">Salon</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.salon.com/2006/09/14/basic_2/">the original</a> on September 18, 2013. Retrieved June 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Salon&rft.atitle=Why+Johnny+Can%27t+Code&rft.date=2006-09-14&rft.aulast=Brin&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.salon.com%2F2006%2F09%2F14%2Fbasic_2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-77"><a href="#cite_ref-77">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140317001756/http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/beginner/hh182234.aspx">"Small Basic"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Developer_Network" title="Microsoft Developer Network">Microsoft Developer Network</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/beginner/hh182234.aspx">the original</a> on March 17, 2014. Retrieved June 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Microsoft+Developer+Network&rft.atitle=Small+Basic&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmsdn.microsoft.com%2Fen-us%2Fbeginner%2Fhh182234.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-78"><a href="#cite_ref-78">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://basic256.org/">"BASIC-256 homepage"</a>. <q>Check out "Why Johnny Can't Code," the article that inspired BASIC-256.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=BASIC-256+homepage&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbasic256.org%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-79"><a href="#cite_ref-79">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRatliff_Sr.2008" class="citation web cs1">Ratliff Sr., Gary L. 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Retrieved February 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=PCLinuxOS+Magazine&rft.atitle=An+Alphabet+of+Computer+Languages%3A+BASIC&rft.date=2008-10&rft.aulast=Ratliff+Sr.&rft.aufirst=Gary+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpclosmag.com%2Fhtml%2FIssues%2F200810%2Fpage04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-80"><a href="#cite_ref-80">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKoster2006" class="citation web cs1">Koster, Raph (November 21, 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raphkoster.com/2006/11/21/quite-basic-web-basic-programming/">"Quite BASIC — Web BASIC programming"</a>. Retrieved February 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Quite+BASIC+%E2%80%94+Web+BASIC+programming&rft.date=2006-11-21&rft.aulast=Koster&rft.aufirst=Raph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.raphkoster.com%2F2006%2F11%2F21%2Fquite-basic-web-basic-programming%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-81"><a href="#cite_ref-81">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170620014749/http://www.unionleader.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20140429/NEWS04/140429054">"Dartmouth plans celebration for 50th anniversary of BASIC computer language"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Hampshire_Union_Leader" title="New Hampshire Union Leader">New Hampshire Union Leader</a>. April 28, 2014. 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Retrieved June 14, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Hampshire+Union+Leader&rft.atitle=Dartmouth+plans+celebration+for+50th+anniversary+of+BASIC+computer+language&rft.date=2014-04-28&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.unionleader.com%2Fapps%2Fpbcs.dll%2Farticle%3FAID%3D%2F20140429%2FNEWS04%2F140429054&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-82"><a href="#cite_ref-82">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWood2011" class="citation web cs1">Wood, Lamont (June 23, 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.computerworld.com/article/2509286/how-are-students-learning-programming-in-a-post-basic-world-.amp.html">"How are students learning programming in a post-Basic world?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Computerworld" title="Computerworld">Computerworld</a>. Retrieved February 26, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Computerworld&rft.atitle=How+are+students+learning+programming+in+a+post-Basic+world%3F&rft.date=2011-06-23&rft.aulast=Wood&rft.aufirst=Lamont&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.computerworld.com%2Farticle%2F2509286%2Fhow-are-students-learning-programming-in-a-post-basic-world-.amp.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-83"><a href="#cite_ref-83">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dartmouth.edu/basicfifty/events.html">"BASIC at 50 – Event Schedule"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_College" title="Dartmouth College">Dartmouth College</a>. 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Retrieved August 2, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Power+Basic&rft.atitle=Using+assembly-language+in+your+code&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.powerbasic.com%2Fhelp%2Fpbcc%2Fusing_assembly-language_in_your_code.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-89"><a href="#cite_ref-89">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemenyKurtz1968" class="citation book cs1">Kemeny, John G.; Kurtz, Thomas E. (January 1968). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_4th_Edition_Jan68.pdf">Basic: a manual for BASIC, the elementary algebraic language designed for use with the Dartmouth Time Sharing System</a> (PDF) (4th ed.). Hanover, N.H.: Dartmouth College Computation Center. p. 53. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140103140704/http://bitsavers.trailing-edge.com/pdf/dartmouth/BASIC_4th_Edition_Jan68.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on January 3, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic%3A+a+manual+for+BASIC%2C+the+elementary+algebraic+language+designed+for+use+with+the+Dartmouth+Time+Sharing+System&rft.place=Hanover%2C+N.H.&rft.pages=53&rft.edition=4th&rft.pub=Dartmouth+College+Computation+Center&rft.date=1968-01&rft.aulast=Kemeny&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbitsavers.trailing-edge.com%2Fpdf%2Fdartmouth%2FBASIC_4th_Edition_Jan68.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-90"><a href="#cite_ref-90">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHam2014" class="citation journal cs1">Ham, John Gatewood (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fcomputers3030069">"An ECMA-55 Minimal BASIC Compiler for x86-64 Linux®"</a>. Computers. 3 (3): 69–116. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.3390%2Fcomputers3030069">10.3390/computers3030069</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:40383760">40383760</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Computers&rft.atitle=An+ECMA-55+Minimal+BASIC+Compiler+for+x86-64+Linux%C2%AE&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=69-116&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fcomputers3030069&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A40383760%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Ham&rft.aufirst=John+Gatewood&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3390%252Fcomputers3030069&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-91"><a href="#cite_ref-91">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFangros472013" class="citation web cs1">angros47 (July 29, 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.freebasic.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21435">"ANSI Basic: is FreeBasic standard-compliant?"</a>. freebasic.net. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230928231748/https://www.freebasic.net/forum/viewtopic.php?t=21435">Archived</a> from the original on September 28, 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=freebasic.net&rft.atitle=ANSI+Basic%3A+is+FreeBasic+standard-compliant%3F&rft.date=2013-07-29&rft.au=angros47&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.freebasic.net%2Fforum%2Fviewtopic.php%3Ft%3D21435&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-92"><a href="#cite_ref-92">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBantchev2008" class="citation web cs1">Bantchev, Boyko (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.math.bas.bg/bantchev/misc/ttb.html">"The True 'True BASIC'"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Institute_of_Mathematics_and_Informatics" title="Institute of Mathematics and Informatics">Institute of Mathematics and Informatics</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110313101418/http://www.math.bas.bg/bantchev/misc/ttb.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 13, 2011.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+True+%27True+BASIC%27&rft.pub=Institute+of+Mathematics+and+Informatics&rft.date=2008&rft.aulast=Bantchev&rft.aufirst=Boyko&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.math.bas.bg%2Fbantchev%2Fmisc%2Fttb.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="General_references">General references</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: General references">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSammet1969" class="citation book cs1">Sammet, Jean E. (1969). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/programminglangu00unse">Programming Languages: History and Fundamentals</a>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall. <a href="/wiki/LCCN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="LCCN (identifier)">LCCN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lccn.loc.gov/68-028110">68-028110</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/819683527">819683527</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Programming+Languages%3A+History+and+Fundamentals&rft.place=Englewood+Cliffs%2C+N.J.&rft.pub=Prentice-Hall&rft.date=1969&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F819683527&rft_id=info%3Alccn%2F68-028110&rft.aulast=Sammet&rft.aufirst=Jean+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fprogramminglangu00unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKurtz1981" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Kurtz, Thomas E. (1981). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://doi.acm.org/10.1145/800025.1198404">"BASIC"</a>. In Wexelblat, Richard (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofprogram0000hist/mode/2up">History of Programming Languages</a>. History of Programming Languages I. New York: <a href="/wiki/Association_for_Computing_Machinery" title="Association for Computing Machinery">ACM</a>. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyofprogram0000hist/page/515">515–537</a>. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1145%2F800025.1198404">10.1145/800025.1198404</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0127450407" title="Special:BookSources/978-0127450407"><bdi>978-0127450407</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=History+of+Programming+Languages&rft.btitle=History+of+Programming+Languages+I&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=515-537&rft.pub=ACM&rft.date=1981&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1145%2F800025.1198404&rft.isbn=978-0127450407&rft.aulast=Kurtz&rft.aufirst=Thomas+E.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdoi.acm.org%2F10.1145%2F800025.1198404&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKemenyKurtz1985" class="citation book cs1">Kemeny, John G.; Kurtz, Thomas E. (1985). Back to BASIC: The History, Corruption, and Future of the Language. Addison-Wesley. p. 141. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780201134339" title="Special:BookSources/9780201134339"><bdi>9780201134339</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/11399298">11399298</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Back+to+BASIC%3A+The+History%2C+Corruption%2C+and+Future+of+the+Language&rft.pages=141&rft.pub=Addison-Wesley&rft.date=1985&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F11399298&rft.isbn=9780201134339&rft.aulast=Kemeny&rft.aufirst=John+G.&rft.au=Kurtz%2C+Thomas+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLien1986" class="citation book cs1">Lien, David A. (1986). The Basic Handbook: Encyclopedia of the BASIC Computer Language (3rd ed.). Compusoft Publishing. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780932760333" title="Special:BookSources/9780932760333"><bdi>9780932760333</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/12548310">12548310</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Basic+Handbook%3A+Encyclopedia+of+the+BASIC+Computer+Language&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Compusoft+Publishing&rft.date=1986&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F12548310&rft.isbn=9780932760333&rft.aulast=Lien&rft.aufirst=David+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTime2014" class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/69316/basic/">"Fifty Years of BASIC, the Programming Language That Made Computers Personal"</a>. Time. April 29, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Fifty+Years+of+BASIC%2C+the+Programming+Language+That+Made+Computers+Personal&rft.date=2014-04-29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F69316%2Fbasic%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABASIC" class="Z3988"></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=BASIC&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/40px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/60px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg/80px-Wikibooks-logo-en-noslogan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="400" /></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikibooks has a book on the topic of: <a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Programming:BASIC" class="extiw" title="wikibooks:Programming:BASIC">Programming:BASIC</a></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WYPNjSoDrqw">The Birth of Basic</a> on <a href="/wiki/YouTube_video_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="YouTube video (identifier)">YouTube</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://gotbasic.com/">gotBASIC.com</a>—For all people interested in the continued usage and evolution of the BASIC programming language.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/JohnBlood/awesome-basic">Awesome Basic</a>—A curated list of awesome BASIC dialects, IDEs, and tutorials.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://basic.mindteq.com/">The Basics' page (Since 2001)</a>—Comprehensive listing of dialects.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output 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title="Special:EditPage/Template:Programming languages"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Programming_languages" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Programming_language" title="Programming language">Programming languages</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_programming_languages" title="Comparison of programming languages">Comparison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_programming_languages" title="Timeline of programming languages">Timeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_programming_languages" title="History of programming languages">History</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ada_(programming_language)" title="Ada (programming language)">Ada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ALGOL" title="ALGOL">ALGOL</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Simula" title="Simula">Simula</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/APL_(programming_language)" title="APL (programming language)">APL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assembly_language" title="Assembly language">Assembly</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">BASIC</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic" title="Visual Basic">Visual Basic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">classic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">.NET</a></li></ul></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_(programming_language)" title="C (programming language)">C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C%2B%2B" title="C++">C++</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/C_Sharp_(programming_language)" title="C Sharp (programming language)">C#</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/COBOL" title="COBOL">COBOL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erlang_(programming_language)" title="Erlang (programming language)">Erlang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forth_(programming_language)" title="Forth (programming language)">Forth</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortran" title="Fortran">Fortran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go_(programming_language)" title="Go (programming language)">Go</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haskell" title="Haskell">Haskell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Java_(programming_language)" title="Java (programming language)">Java</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JavaScript" title="JavaScript">JavaScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Julia_(programming_language)" title="Julia (programming language)">Julia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kotlin_(programming_language)" title="Kotlin (programming language)">Kotlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lisp_(programming_language)" title="Lisp (programming language)">Lisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lua_(programming_language)" title="Lua (programming language)">Lua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MATLAB" title="MATLAB">MATLAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ML_(programming_language)" title="ML (programming language)">ML</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pascal_(programming_language)" title="Pascal (programming language)">Pascal</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Object_Pascal" title="Object Pascal">Object Pascal</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perl" title="Perl">Perl</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PHP" title="PHP">PHP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prolog" title="Prolog">Prolog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Python_(programming_language)" title="Python (programming language)">Python</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R_(programming_language)" title="R (programming language)">R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_(programming_language)" title="Ruby (programming language)">Ruby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rust_(programming_language)" title="Rust (programming language)">Rust</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SQL" title="SQL">SQL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scratch_(programming_language)" title="Scratch (programming language)">Scratch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shell_script" title="Shell script">Shell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smalltalk" title="Smalltalk">Smalltalk</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swift_(programming_language)" title="Swift (programming language)">Swift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">more...</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/16px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/23px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/d/db/Symbol_list_class.svg/31px-Symbol_list_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> Lists: <a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages" title="List of programming languages">Alphabetical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_programming_languages_by_type" title="List of programming languages by type">Categorical</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Generational_list_of_programming_languages" title="Generational list of programming languages">Generational</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-English-based_programming_languages" title="Non-English-based programming languages">Non-English-based</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /> <a href="/wiki/Category:Programming_languages" title="Category:Programming languages">Category</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Dialects_of_the_BASIC_programming_language_(list)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:BASIC" title="Template:BASIC"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:BASIC" title="Template talk:BASIC"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:BASIC" title="Special:EditPage/Template:BASIC"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dialects_of_the_BASIC_programming_language_(list)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dialects of the <a class="mw-selflink selflink">BASIC</a> programming language (<a href="/wiki/List_of_BASIC_dialects" title="List of BASIC dialects">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Classic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microsoft" title="Microsoft">Microsoft</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_BASIC" title="Microsoft BASIC">Microsoft BASIC</a></li> <li>TRS-80 BASICs (<a href="/wiki/Level_I_BASIC" title="Level I BASIC">Level I</a>, <a href="/wiki/TRS-80_Level_II_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="TRS-80 Level II BASIC">Level II/III</a>)</li> <li>Thomson <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Basic_1.0" title="Microsoft Basic 1.0">BASIC 1.0</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Texas_Instruments" title="Texas Instruments">Texas Instruments</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC" title="TI-BASIC">TI-BASIC (calculators)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_Extended_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="TI Extended BASIC">TI Extended BASIC</a> (aka XBasic)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI-BASIC_83" title="TI-BASIC 83">TI-BASIC 83</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hewlett-Packard" title="Hewlett-Packard">Hewlett-Packard</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HP_Time-Shared_BASIC" title="HP Time-Shared BASIC">HP Time-Shared BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocky_Mountain_BASIC" title="Rocky Mountain BASIC">Rocky Mountain BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/HP_Time-Shared_BASIC" title="HP Time-Shared BASIC">HP Basic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_Software" title="Locomotive Software">Locomotive Software</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Locomotive_BASIC" title="Locomotive BASIC">Locomotive BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mallard_BASIC" title="Mallard BASIC">Mallard BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Microcomputer" title="Microcomputer">Microcomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atom_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Atom BASIC">Atom BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Integer_BASIC" title="Integer BASIC">Integer BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Star_BASIC" title="North Star BASIC">North Star BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SCELBAL" title="SCELBAL">SCELBAL</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Minicomputer" title="Minicomputer">Minicomputers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC-11" title="BASIC-11">BASIC-11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_Basic" title="Business Basic">Business Basic</a> (<a href="/wiki/B32_Business_Basic" title="B32 Business Basic">B32</a>, <a href="/wiki/Data_General_Business_Basic" title="Data General Business Basic">Data General</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Data_General_Extended_BASIC" title="Data General Extended BASIC">Data General Extended BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southampton_BASIC_System" title="Southampton BASIC System">Southampton BASIC System</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wang_BASIC" title="Wang BASIC">Wang BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Time-sharing" title="Time-sharing">Time-sharing</a> computers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC-PLUS" title="BASIC-PLUS">BASIC-PLUS</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Extra!_Basic_Macro_Language&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Extra! Basic Macro Language (page does not exist)">Extra! Basic Macro Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VSI_BASIC_for_OpenVMS" title="VSI BASIC for OpenVMS">VSI BASIC for OpenVMS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SUPER_BASIC" title="SUPER BASIC">SUPER BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CALL/360:BASIC" title="CALL/360:BASIC">CALL/360:BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AlphaBasic" title="AlphaBasic">AlphaBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Astro_BASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="Astro BASIC">Astro BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASICODE" title="BASICODE">BASICODE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Business_application_language" title="Business application language">BAL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Casio_BASIC" title="Casio BASIC">Casio BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBASIC" title="CBASIC">CBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PBASIC" title="PBASIC">PBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SDS_BASIC" title="SDS BASIC">SDS BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiny_BASIC" title="Tiny BASIC">Tiny BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/UBASIC" title="UBASIC">UBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZBasic" title="ZBasic">ZBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=ETBASIC&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ETBASIC (page does not exist)">ETBASIC</a> [<a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETBASIC" class="extiw" title="zh:ETBASIC">zh</a>]</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/BASIC_extension" title="BASIC extension">Extenders</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_8" title="BASIC 8">BASIC 8</a></li> <li>Graphics BASIC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simons%27_BASIC" title="Simons' BASIC">Simons' BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander" title="Super Expander">Super Expander</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Expander_64" title="Super Expander 64">Super Expander 64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/YS_MegaBasic" title="YS MegaBasic">YS MegaBasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Procedural_programming" title="Procedural programming">Procedure</a>- oriented</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AmigaBASIC" class="mw-redirect" title="AmigaBASIC">AmigaBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/AMOS_(programming_language)" title="AMOS (programming language)">AMOS BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ASIC_programming_language" title="ASIC programming language">ASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BasicX" title="BasicX">BasicX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beta_BASIC" title="Beta BASIC">Beta BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FutureBASIC" title="FutureBASIC">FutureBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GRASS_(programming_language)" title="GRASS (programming language)">GRASS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberty_BASIC" title="Liberty BASIC">Liberty BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LSE_(programming_language)" title="LSE (programming language)">LSE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MapBasic" title="MapBasic">MapBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mobile_BASIC" title="Mobile BASIC">Mobile BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OWBasic" title="OWBasic">OWBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PureBasic" title="PureBasic">PureBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petit_Computer" title="Petit Computer">SmileBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiger-BASIC" title="Tiger-BASIC">Tiger-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/True_BASIC" title="True BASIC">True BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo_Basic" class="mw-redirect" title="Turbo Basic">Turbo Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WordBASIC" title="WordBASIC">WordBASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Basic-256" title="Basic-256">Basic-256</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basic4GL" title="Basic4GL">Basic4GL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC#Acorn_Archimedes_(RISC_OS)" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Game_Creators" title="The Game Creators">DarkBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euphoria_(programming_language)" title="Euphoria (programming language)">Euphoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hindawi_Programming_System" title="Hindawi Programming System">Indic BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Programming_Language" title="Open Programming Language">Open Programming Language</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SdlBasic" title="SdlBasic">SdlBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SmallBASIC" title="SmallBASIC">SmallBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QB64" title="QB64">QB64</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WxBasic" title="WxBasic">wxBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBasic" title="XBasic">XBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/XBLite" title="XBLite">Xblite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yabasic" title="Yabasic">Yabasic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">With <a href="/wiki/Object-oriented_programming" title="Object-oriented programming">object</a> extensions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AutoIt" title="AutoIt">AutoIt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chipmunk_Basic" title="Chipmunk Basic">Chipmunk Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GLBasic" title="GLBasic">GLBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LotusScript" title="LotusScript">LotusScript</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morfik" title="Morfik">Morfik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerBASIC" title="PowerBASIC">PowerBASIC</a></li> <li>ProvideX</li> <li>Run BASIC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_for_Applications" title="Visual Basic for Applications">VBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VBScript" title="VBScript">VBScript</a></li> <li>VB 5 for <a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Excel" title="Microsoft Excel">Microsoft Excel</a> 5.0 <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Office" title="Visual Studio Tools for Office">VSTO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Studio_Tools_for_Applications" title="Visual Studio Tools for Applications">VSTA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Embedded_Visual_Basic" title="Embedded Visual Basic">Embedded Visual Basic</a></li> <li>WinWrap Basic</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blitz_BASIC" title="Blitz BASIC">BlitzMax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">FreeBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microsoft_Small_Basic" title="Microsoft Small Basic">Microsoft Small Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_(software)" title="Mono (software)">Mono-Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OpenOffice_Basic" title="OpenOffice Basic">OpenOffice Basic</a></li> <li>ScriptBasic</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roslyn_(compiler)" title="Roslyn (compiler)">Roslyn</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rapid_application_development" title="Rapid application development">RAD</a> <a href="/wiki/GUI_designer" class="mw-redirect" title="GUI designer">designers</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Proprietary_software" title="Proprietary software">Proprietary</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/CA-Realizer" title="CA-Realizer">CA-Realizer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(classic)" title="Visual Basic (classic)">Visual Basic (classic)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NS_Basic" title="NS Basic">NS Basic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapidQ" title="RapidQ">RapidQ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Visual_Basic_(.NET)" title="Visual Basic (.NET)">Visual Basic .NET</a> (<a href="/wiki/Mercury_(RemObjects_BASIC_programming_language)" title="Mercury (RemObjects BASIC programming language)">Mercury</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xojo" title="Xojo">Xojo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Free_and_open_source" class="mw-redirect" title="Free and open source">Free and open source</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>B4X (<a href="/wiki/Basic4android" title="Basic4android">Basic4android</a>, <a href="/wiki/Basic4ppc" title="Basic4ppc">Basic4ppc</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambas" title="Gambas">Gambas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeBASIC" title="FreeBASIC">WinFBE, Visual FB Editor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altair_BASIC" title="Altair BASIC">Altair BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Applesoft_BASIC" title="Applesoft BASIC">Applesoft BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_BASIC" title="Atari BASIC">Atari BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_Microsoft_BASIC" title="Atari Microsoft BASIC">Atari Microsoft BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atari_ST_BASIC" title="Atari ST BASIC">Atari ST BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_A%2B" title="BASIC A+">BASIC A+</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimized_Systems_Software#BASIC_XE" title="Optimized Systems Software">BASIC XE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Optimized_Systems_Software#BASIC_XL" title="Optimized Systems Software">BASIC XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BASIC_Programming" title="BASIC Programming">BASIC Programming (Atari 2600)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC_BASIC" title="BBC BASIC">BBC BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benton_Harbor_BASIC" title="Benton Harbor BASIC">Benton Harbor BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_BASIC" title="Chinese BASIC">Chinese BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodore_BASIC" title="Commodore BASIC">Commodore BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Color_BASIC" title="Color BASIC">Color BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dartmouth_BASIC" title="Dartmouth BASIC">Dartmouth BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Disk_Extended_Color_BASIC" title="Disk Extended Color BASIC">Disk Extended Color BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extended_Color_BASIC" title="Extended Color BASIC">Extended Color BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_BASIC" title="Family BASIC">Family BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GFA_BASIC" title="GFA BASIC">GFA BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GW-BASIC" title="GW-BASIC">GW-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IBM_BASIC" title="IBM BASIC">IBM BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JR-BASIC" title="JR-BASIC">JR-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MacBASIC" title="MacBASIC">MacBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBASIC" title="MBASIC">MBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MSX_BASIC" title="MSX BASIC">MSX BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MS_BASIC_for_Macintosh" title="MS BASIC for Macintosh">MS BASIC for Macintosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QBasic" title="QBasic">QBasic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QuickBASIC" title="QuickBASIC">QuickBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S-BASIC" title="S-BASIC">S-BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sinclair_BASIC" title="Sinclair BASIC">Sinclair BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STOS_BASIC" title="STOS BASIC">STOS BASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SuperBASIC" title="SuperBASIC">SuperBASIC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TI_BASIC_(TI_99/4A)" title="TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)">TI BASIC (TI 99/4A)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turbo-BASIC_XL" title="Turbo-BASIC XL">Turbo-BASIC XL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilnius_BASIC" title="Vilnius BASIC">Vilnius BASIC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42979#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42979#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42979#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this 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