CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="ha" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Sarauta - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )hawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","ga Janairu,","ga Faburairu,","ga Maris,","ga Afirilu,","Mayu","ga Yuni,","ga Yuli,","ga Augusta,","Satumba","Oktoba","Nuwamba,","Disamba"],"wgRequestId":"c0630b34-134e-430c-b60e-ea65f966d5cf","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Sarauta","wgTitle":"Sarauta","wgCurRevisionId":538672,"wgRevisionId":538672,"wgArticleId":40527,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Articles using generic infobox","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011","Articles with invalid date parameter in template","Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba","CS1 errors: S2CID","CS1 Turanci-language sources (en)"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ha","wgPageContentLanguage":"ha","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Sarauta","wgRelevantArticleId":40527,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true, "wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":true,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ha","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ha"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q7269","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false, "wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false,"wgSiteNoticeId":"2.1"};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready","ext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader", "ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking","ext.dismissableSiteNotice"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ha&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.dismissableSiteNotice.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ha&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ha&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/1200px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="912"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/800px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="608"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/640px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="486"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Sarauta - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ha.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarauta"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Gyarawa" href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (ha)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ha.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarauta"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ha"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Kwararen Atom na Wikipedia" href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Sarauta rootpage-Sarauta skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Shawagi </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Babban_shafi" title="Duba shafin marhabin [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Babban shafi</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:%C6%98ofan_al%27umma" title="A game da wannan shiri, abinda za a iya yi, ina za a samu abubuwa"><span>Kofan al'umma</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sha%27anonin_dake_wakana" title="Nemo bayannai kan yanayin labarun yau"><span>Labarai</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:RecentChanges" title="Jerin sabin sauye-sauye a wannan Wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Sauye-sauyen baya-bayan nan</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:Random" title="Nuno wani shafi da ka [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Shafin cinke</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tutorial" title="Nuno taimako"><span>Tutorial</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Babban_shafi" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="Insakulofidiya ta kyauta" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-ha-temp.svg" width="140" height="23" style="width: 8.75em; height: 1.4375em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Musamman:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Binciko Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Binciko</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Ku bincika cikin Hausa Wikipedia" aria-label="Ku bincika cikin Hausa Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Binciko Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Musamman:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Binciko</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Zaɓaɓɓin kayan aiki"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ha.wikipedia.org&uselang=ha" class=""><span>Bada gudummuwa</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:CreateAccount&returnto=Sarauta" title="Yana da kyau ku kirkiri account; amma ba dole bane" class=""><span>Ƙirƙiri account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:UserLogin&returnto=Sarauta" title="Yana da kyau kuyi login da account dinku, amma ba dole ba ne. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Login</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="More options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Zaɓaɓɓin kayan aiki" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Zaɓaɓɓin kayan aiki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_ha.wikipedia.org&uselang=ha"><span>Bada gudummuwa</span></a></li><li id="pt-contribute" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:Contribute"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span>Contribute</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:CreateAccount&returnto=Sarauta" title="Yana da kyau ku kirkiri account; amma ba dole bane"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Ƙirƙiri account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:UserLogin&returnto=Sarauta" title="Yana da kyau kuyi login da account dinku, amma ba dole ba ne. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Login</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Taimako:Gabatarwa" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Magana</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><div id="mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace"></div><script>(function(){var node=document.getElementById("mw-dismissablenotice-anonplace");if(node){node.outerHTML="\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-close\"\u003E[\u003Ca tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\"\u003Eboye\u003C/a\u003E]\u003C/div\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"mw-dismissable-notice-body\"\u003E\u003C!-- CentralNotice --\u003E\u003Cdiv id=\"localNotice\" data-nosnippet=\"\"\u003E\u003Cdiv class=\"anonnotice\" lang=\"ha\" dir=\"ltr\"\u003E\u003Cp\u003EKu \u003Cb\u003E\u003Ca href=\"/wiki/Musamman:UserLogin\" title=\"Musamman:UserLogin\"\u003Ekirkiri account\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/b\u003E domain taimaka ma Hausa Wikipedia. Kirkirar account kyauta ne. Idan kuma neman taimako ku \u003Cb\u003E\u003Cspan class=\"noprint plainlinks\"\u003E\u003Ca class=\"external text\" href=\"https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tattaunawar_user:Ammarpad\u0026amp;action=edit\u0026amp;section=new\"\u003Etambaya a nan\u003C/a\u003E\u003C/span\u003E\u003C/b\u003E.\n\u003C/p\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E\u003C/div\u003E";}}());</script></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Farawa</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Magana" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Magana"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Magana</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Magana-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ra'ayoyi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ra'ayoyi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Ra'ayoyi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ra'ayoyi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tarihi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tarihi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Tarihi</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Tarihi-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Tarihi subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Tarihi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Kayan_gargajiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kayan_gargajiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Kayan gargajiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kayan_gargajiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zamanin_Tsakiya" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zamanin_Tsakiya"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Zamanin Tsakiya</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zamanin_Tsakiya-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Juyin_Juya_Halin" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Juyin_Juya_Halin"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Juyin Juya Halin</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Juyin_Juya_Halin-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Zamanin_Haskakawa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Zamanin_Haskakawa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Zamanin Haskakawa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Zamanin_Haskakawa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Sarauta</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Je zuwa maƙala domin wani harshen. Akwai a 166 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-166" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">166 harsuna</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keurajeuen" title="Keurajeuen – Achinese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Keurajeuen" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Achinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Acèh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monargie" title="Monargie – Afirkanci" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Monargie" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afirkanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Jamusanci Swiss" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Jamusanci Swiss" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa" title="Monarquía – Aragonesanci" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Monarquía" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonesanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%82%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतंत्र – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="राजतंत्र" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A9" title="ملكية – Larabci" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ملكية" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Larabci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arc mw-list-item"><a href="https://arc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DC%A1%DC%A0%DC%9F%DC%98%DC%AC%DC%90" title="ܡܠܟܘܬܐ – Aramaic" lang="arc" hreflang="arc" data-title="ܡܠܟܘܬܐ" data-language-autonym="ܐܪܡܝܐ" data-language-local-name="Aramaic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ܐܪܡܝܐ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%84%D9%83%D9%8A%D9%87" title="ملكيه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ملكيه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa" title="Monarquía – Asturia" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Monarquía" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturia" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-av mw-list-item"><a href="https://av.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Avaric" lang="av" hreflang="av" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Авар" data-language-local-name="Avaric" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Авар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतन्त्र – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="राजतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarxiya" title="Monarxiya – Azerbaijanci" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Monarxiya" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%82" title="شاهلیق – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="شاهلیق" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muonark%C4%97j%C4%97" title="Muonarkėjė – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Muonarkėjė" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Žemaitėška</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya" title="Monarkiya – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="Monarkiya" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bikol Central</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манархія – Belarusanci" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Манархія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Манархія – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Манархія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Bulgariyanci" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgariyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="রাজতন্ত্র – Bengali" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="রাজতন্ত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bengali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A2%E0%BE%92%E0%BE%B1%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BE%B2%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8D" title="རྒྱལ་སྲིད། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="རྒྱལ་སྲིད།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unpenniezh" title="Unpenniezh – Buretananci" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Unpenniezh" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Buretananci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija – Bosniyanci" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B0_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Хаанта засаг – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Хаанта засаг" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia – Kataloniyanci" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Monarquia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Kataloniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C5%ADng-ci%C5%8D-ci%C3%A9-d%C3%B4" title="Gŭng-ciō-cié-dô – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="Gŭng-ciō-cié-dô" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Монархи – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Монархи" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya" title="Monarkiya – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Monarkiya" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%8C%DB%95%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="پاشایەتی – Kurdawa ta Tsakiya" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پاشایەتی" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Kurdawa ta Tsakiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhiya" title="Monarhiya – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Monarhiya" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Cek" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Cek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%94%D0%BC%D0%BF%D3%B3%D0%BB%C4%95%D1%85" title="Ĕмпӳлĕх – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Ĕмпӳлĕх" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brenhiniaeth" title="Brenhiniaeth – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Brenhiniaeth" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Jamusanci" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="Jamusanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monar%C5%9Fiye" title="Monarşiye – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Monarşiye" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%87%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Μοναρχία – Girkanci" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναρχία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Girkanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy – Turanci" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Monarchy" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="Turanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo badge-Q17437798 badge-goodarticle mw-list-item" title="good article badge"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkio" title="Monarkio – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Monarkio" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa" title="Monarquía – Sifaniyanci" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Monarquía" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Sifaniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhia" title="Monarhia – Istoniyanci" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Monarhia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Istoniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Monarkia" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%87%DB%8C" title="پادشاهی – Farisa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پادشاهی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Farisa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia – Yaren mutanen Finland" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Monarkia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Yaren mutanen Finland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhia" title="Monarhia – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Monarhia" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kongsveldi" title="Kongsveldi – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="Kongsveldi" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Faransanci" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="Faransanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchii" title="Monarchii – Firisiyanci na Arewaci" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Monarchii" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Firisiyanci na Arewaci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monargy" title="Monargy – Frisian ta Yamma" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Monargy" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Frisian ta Yamma" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarcacht" title="Monarcacht – Dan Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Monarcacht" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Dan Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchi" title="Monarchi – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Monarchi" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarqu%C3%ADa" title="Monarquía – Bagalike" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Monarquía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Bagalike" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poroku%C3%A1i_pete%C4%A9me" title="Porokuái peteĩme – Guwaraniyanci" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Porokuái peteĩme" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guwaraniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gu mw-list-item"><a href="https://gu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AA%B0%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%9C%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B6%E0%AA%BE%E0%AA%B9%E0%AB%80" title="રાજાશાહી – Gujarati" lang="gu" hreflang="gu" data-title="રાજાશાહી" data-language-autonym="ગુજરાતી" data-language-local-name="Gujarati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ગુજરાતી</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ki%C3%BBn-ch%C3%BA-ch%E1%B9%B3" title="Kiûn-chú-chṳ – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="Kiûn-chú-chṳ" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%A8%D7%9B%D7%99%D7%94" title="מונרכיה – Ibrananci" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מונרכיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Ibrananci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतन्त्र – Harshen Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="राजतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Harshen Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajshahi" title="Rajshahi – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Rajshahi" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija – Kuroshiyan" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Kuroshiyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchija" title="Monarchija – Sorbianci ta Sama" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Monarchija" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Sorbianci ta Sama" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Harshen Hungari" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Harshen Hungari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Միապետություն – Armeniyanci" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միապետություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armeniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hyw mw-list-item"><a href="https://hyw.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BA%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%AB%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Միապետութիւն – Western Armenian" lang="hyw" hreflang="hyw" data-title="Միապետութիւն" data-language-autonym="Արեւմտահայերէն" data-language-local-name="Western Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Արեւմտահայերէն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Yare Tsakanin Kasashe" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Yare Tsakanin Kasashe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Harshen Indunusiya" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Harshen Indunusiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Intagulanci" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Intagulanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingue</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia – Ikolo" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Monarkia" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Ikolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkio" title="Monarkio – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Monarkio" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Konungsr%C3%ADki" title="Konungsríki – Yaren mutanen Iceland" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Konungsríki" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Yaren mutanen Iceland" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Italiyanci" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italiyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制 – Japananci" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="君主制" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japananci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manaaki" title="Manaaki – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Manaaki" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Jafananci" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Jafananci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მონარქია – Jojiyanci" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="მონარქია" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Jojiyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarxiya" title="Monarxiya – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Monarxiya" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qaraqalpaqsha</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wiya%CA%8A_k%CA%8Ay%CA%8Am_kewiyitu" title="Wiyaʊ kʊyʊm kewiyitu – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Wiyaʊ kʊyʊm kewiyitu" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B5%B0%EC%A3%BC%EC%A0%9C" title="군주제 – Harshen Koreya" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="군주제" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Harshen Koreya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-krc mw-list-item"><a href="https://krc.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Karachay-Balkar" lang="krc" hreflang="krc" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Къарачай-малкъар" data-language-local-name="Karachay-Balkar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Къарачай-малкъар</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%C3%AEt%C3%AE" title="Keyîtî – Kurdanci" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Keyîtî" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Коми</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myghternses" title="Myghternses – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Myghternses" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Kirgizanci" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kirgizanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Dan Kabilar Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Dan Kabilar Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya" title="Monarkiya – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Monarkiya" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lez mw-list-item"><a href="https://lez.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Lezghiniyanci" lang="lez" hreflang="lez" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Лезги" data-language-local-name="Lezghiniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Лезги</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladin</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lombard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%A5%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%B4%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%84%E0%BA%95" title="ລາຊາທິປະໄຕ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ລາຊາທິປະໄຕ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ລາວ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchija" title="Monarchija – Lituweniyanci" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Monarchija" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lituweniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija – Latbiyanci" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latbiyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतन्त्र – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="राजतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F%D1%81%D1%8C" title="Монархиясь – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Монархиясь" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Мокшень</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%B4narsia" title="Mônarsia – Malagasi" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Mônarsia" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Minangkabau</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Монархија – Dan Masedoniya" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Монархија" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Dan Masedoniya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%9C%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%9A" title="രാജവാഴ്ച – Malayalamci" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="രാജവാഴ്ച" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalamci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3" title="Хаант засаг – Mongoliyanci" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Хаант засаг" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongoliyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B9%E0%A5%80" title="राजेशाही – Maratinci" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="राजेशाही" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Maratinci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pemerintahan_beraja" title="Pemerintahan beraja – Harshen Malai" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pemerintahan beraja" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Harshen Malai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquie" title="Monarquie – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Monarquie" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%9E%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%A6%E1%80%B8%E1%80%86%E1%80%B6%E1%80%95%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%85%E1%80%94%E1%80%85%E1%80%BA" title="သက်ဦးဆံပိုင်စနစ် – Burmanci" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="သက်ဦးဆံပိုင်စနစ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nah mw-list-item"><a href="https://nah.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cent%C4%93pacholiztli" title="Centēpacholiztli – Nahuatl" lang="nah" hreflang="nah" data-title="Centēpacholiztli" data-language-autonym="Nāhuatl" data-language-local-name="Nahuatl" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nāhuatl</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkie" title="Monarkie – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Monarkie" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monaarchie" title="Monaarchie – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="Monaarchie" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nedersaksies</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतन्त्र – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="राजतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="राजतन्त्र – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="राजतन्त्र" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Holanci" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Holanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia – Ositanci" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Monarquia" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Ositanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%B0%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%9C%E0%AC%A4%E0%AC%A8%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%A4%E0%AD%8D%E0%AC%B0" title="ରାଜତନ୍ତ୍ର – Odiya" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ରାଜତନ୍ତ୍ର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ଓଡ଼ିଆ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8" title="Монархи – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Монархи" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%80" title="ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਬਾਦਸ਼ਾਹੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="Monarkia" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Papiamentu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pfl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pfl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – Palatine German" lang="pfl" hreflang="pfl" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="Pälzisch" data-language-local-name="Palatine German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pälzisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Harshen Polan" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Harshen Polan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarch%C3%ACa" title="Monarchìa – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Monarchìa" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%B4%D8%A7%DB%81%DB%8C" title="بادشاہی – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="بادشاہی" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%DA%86%D8%A7%D9%87%D9%8A" title="پاچاهي – Pashtanci" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="پاچاهي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="Pashtanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarquia" title="Monarquia – Harshen Potugis" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Monarquia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Harshen Potugis" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapan_kallpay" title="Sapan kallpay – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Sapan kallpay" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rm mw-list-item"><a href="https://rm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Romansh" lang="rm" hreflang="rm" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Rumantsch" data-language-local-name="Romansh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Rumantsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhie" title="Monarhie – Romaniyanci" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Monarhie" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romaniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Rashanci" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Rashanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Монархія – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Монархія" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Sakha" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Sakha" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Sardiniyanci" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardiniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sardu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munarch%C3%ACa" title="Munarchìa – Sisiliyanci" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Munarchìa" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sisiliyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Monarchy" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija – Kuroweshiyancin-Sabiya" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Kuroweshiyancin-Sabiya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy" title="Monarchy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Monarchy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Basulke" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Basulke" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarhija" title="Monarhija – Basulabe" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Monarhija" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Basulabe" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umambo" title="Umambo – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="Umambo" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ChiShona</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkia" title="Monarkia – Albaniyanci" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Monarkia" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albaniyanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Монархија – Sabiyan" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Монархија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Sabiyan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhosi" title="Bukhosi – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="Bukhosi" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>SiSwati</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarki" title="Monarki – Harshen Suwedan" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Monarki" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Harshen Suwedan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ufalme" title="Ufalme – Harshen Suwahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Ufalme" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Harshen Suwahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BF" title="முடியாட்சி – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="முடியாட்சி" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%9A%E0%B0%B0%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%95%E0%B0%82" title="రాచరికం – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="రాచరికం" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%88%D0%BE%D2%B3%D3%A3" title="Подшоҳӣ – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Подшоҳӣ" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%8A%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%98%E0%B8%B4%E0%B8%9B%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%A2" title="ราชาธิปไตย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ราชาธิปไตย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarkiya" title="Monarkiya – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Monarkiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monar%C5%9Fi" title="Monarşi – Harshen Turkiyya" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Monarşi" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Harshen Turkiyya" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Монархия – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Монархия" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Монархія – Harshen Yukuren" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Монархія" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Harshen Yukuren" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%81%D8%B1%D9%85%D8%A7%DA%BA_%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C" title="فرماں روائی – Urdanci" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="فرماں روائی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarxiya" title="Monarxiya – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Monarxiya" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchia" title="Monarchia – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="Monarchia" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%E1%BA%BF_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_qu%C3%A2n_ch%E1%BB%A7" title="Chế độ quân chủ – Harshen Biyetinam" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Chế độ quân chủ" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Harshen Biyetinam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchie" title="Monarchie – West Flemish" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Monarchie" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="West Flemish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarky%C3%A1" title="Monarkyá – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Monarkyá" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制 – Sinancin Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="君主制" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Sinancin Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A5%D0%B0%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%B9%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD" title="Хаани йосн – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Хаани йосн" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9B%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A5%E1%83%98%E1%83%90" title="მონარქია – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="მონარქია" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A7%D7%A2%D7%A0%D7%99%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9A" title="קעניגרייך – Yaren Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="קעניגרייך" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yaren Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%80d%C3%A1j%E1%BB%8Dba" title="Àdájọba – Yarbanci" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Àdájọba" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yarbanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制 – Harshen Sinanci" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="君主制" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Harshen Sinanci" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kun-ch%C3%BA-ch%C3%A8" title="Kun-chú-chè – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Kun-chú-chè" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%90%9B%E4%B8%BB%E5%88%B6" title="君主制 – Harshen Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="君主制" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Harshen Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7269#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Gyara hanyoyin mahaɗar harshen" class="wbc-editpage">Gyara hanyoyin mahaɗar</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Sarari"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sarauta" title="Duba shafin bayannai [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Shafi</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tattaunawa:Sarauta&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Mahawara kan shafin bayannai (babu wannan shafin) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Tattaunawa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Sauya bambancin harshe" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Hausa</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Hange"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sarauta"><span>Karanta</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit" title="Gyara wannan shafi [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Gyara</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Gyara masomi</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=history" title="Tsoffin sufofin wannan shafi [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Duba tarihi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Kayan aiki" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Kayan aiki</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Sarauta"><span>Karanta</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit" title="Gyara wannan shafi [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Gyara</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit" title="Edit the source code of this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Gyara masomi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=history"><span>Duba tarihi</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:WhatLinksHere/Sarauta" title="Jerin duk shafunan Wiki da ke da mahaɗi a nan [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Mahaɗan wannan shafi</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:RecentChangesLinked/Sarauta" rel="nofollow" title="Sauye-sauyen baya-bayan nan a shafuna masu mahaɗi daga wannan shafi [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canje-canje masu dangantaka</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:UploadWizard?uselang=ha" title="Girke fayiloli [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Girke fayil</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:SpecialPages" title="Jerin duk shafuna na musamman [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Shafuka na musamman</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&oldid=538672" title="Mahaɗin dindindin zuwa ga zubin baya na wannan shafi"><span>Dawwamammen mahaɗi</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Bayani akan wannan shafin</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:CiteThisPage&page=Sarauta&id=538672&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Buga wannan shafi</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fha.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSarauta"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fha.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FSarauta"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Fitar/kaiwa waje </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:Book&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Sarauta"><span>Ƙirƙira littafin</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musamman:DownloadAsPdf&page=Sarauta&action=show-download-screen"><span>Sauke amatsayin PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&printable=yes" title="Wannan shafi a sufar bugawa [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Sufar bugawa</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> A sauran ayyukan </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Monarchy" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q7269" title="Haɗaɗɗun bayanan abunda aka ajiye [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Abun Wikidata</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Daga Wikipedia, Insakulofidiya ta kyauta.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ha" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox" style="width:22em"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;font-size:125%;font-weight:bold;background-color: #DADADA;"><span style="float:left;"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikidata.svg/20px-Wikidata.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikidata.svg/30px-Wikidata.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Wikidata.svg/40px-Wikidata.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="288" /></span></span></span>sarauta</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q1307214" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q1307214"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">form of government</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307214?uselang=ha" title="Fassara"><img alt="Fassara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" style="text-align:center"> <span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Fayil:Heraldic_Royal_Crown_(Common).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/300px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/450px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg/600px-Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="389" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" style="text-align:center;background-color: #DADADA;">Bayanai</th></tr><tr><th scope="row">Ƙaramin ɓangare na</th><td> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q22676587" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q22676587"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">monarchic system</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22676587?uselang=ha" title="Fassara"><img alt="Fassara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row">Nada jerin</th><td> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q3446184" class="extiw" title="d:Special:EntityPage/Q3446184"><span style="color:#5f9cbb;">list of monarchies</span></a> <sup>(en)</sup> <span class="mw-valign-baseline" typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3446184?uselang=ha" title="Fassara"><img alt="Fassara" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/10px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/15px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/70/Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg/20px-Noun_Project_label_icon_1116097_cc_mirror.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="158" data-file-height="161" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayil:Princecharlesthrone.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/52/Princecharlesthrone.jpg/220px-Princecharlesthrone.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="366" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/52/Princecharlesthrone.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="238" data-file-height="396" /></a><figcaption> Yarima Charles</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayil:Royal.visit.1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Royal.visit.1.jpg/220px-Royal.visit.1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Royal.visit.1.jpg/330px-Royal.visit.1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/03/Royal.visit.1.jpg/440px-Royal.visit.1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="426" /></a><figcaption> Royal visit </figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fayil:Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg/220px-Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="351" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg/330px-Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg/440px-Leviathan_frontispiece_cropped_British_Library.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1930" data-file-height="3078" /></a><figcaption>Gabatarwa na <i>Leviathan</i> na Thomas Hobbes (1651), wanda ke nuna Mai mulki a matsayin babban jiki da ke amfani da <a href="/wiki/Takobi" title="Takobi">takobi</a> da crosier kuma ya kunshi mutane da yawa</figcaption></figure> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r73410">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 40px}.mw-parser-output .templatequote .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;padding-left:1.6em;margin-top:0}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Sovereignty is a hypothetical trade, in which two potentially (or really) conflicting sides, respecting de facto realities of power, exchange such recognitions as their least costly strategy.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Ana iya bayyana iko mallaka gabaɗaya a matsayin iko mafi girma. Yawanci Masarautar ta ƙunshi matsayi a cikin jihar da kuma ikon cin gashin kai na waje ga jihohi. A kowane jiha, ana ba da ikon mallaka ga mutum, jiki ko ma'aikata wanda ke da iko mafi girma a kan wasu mutane da kuma canza dokokin da ke akwai. A cikin Ka'idar siyasa, iko mallaka kalma ce mai mahimmanci da ke nuna iko mafi girma a kan wasu siyasa. A cikin dokar kasa da kasa, ikon mallaka shine nuna iko ta wata jihar. Masarautar doka tana nufin haƙƙin doka don yin hakan; masarautar zahiri tana nufin ikon gaskiya don yin hakan. Wannan na iya zama batun damuwa na musamman a kan gazawar tsammanin da aka saba da shi cewa de jure da de facto ikon mallaka sun kasance a wurin da lokacin damuwa, kuma suna zaune a cikin wannan kungiya </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Magana">Magana</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Gyara sashe: Magana" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Magana"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Kalmar ta samo asali ne daga Vulgar Latin *<i>superanus</i> (shi kansa wani nau'i ne na Latin super - "sama") ma'anar "shugaba", "mai mulki".<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kalmominsa, wanda ya bambanta tun lokacin da kalmar ta fara bayyana a Turanci a karni na 14, kalmar Turanci "sarauta" ce ta rinjaye shi. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ra'ayoyi"><span id="Ra.27ayoyi"></span>Ra'ayoyi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Gyara sashe: Ra'ayoyi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Ra'ayoyi"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Mulkin mallaka na cikin gida - ainihin iko a kan jihar da hukuma da aka shirya a cikin wannan jiha ke gudanarwa</li> <li><b>Masarautar dogaro da juna</b> - ainihin iko da motsi a fadin iyakokin jihar</li> <li><b>Masarautar shari'a ta kasa da kasa</b> - amincewa da wasu jihohi masu zaman kansu</li> <li><b>Masarautar Westphalia</b> - babu wani iko a cikin jihar ban da mai mulkin gida (irin waɗannan hukumomi na iya zama misali ƙungiyar siyasa ko wani wakilin waje).</li></ul> <p>Sau da yawa, waɗannan fannoni huɗu duk suna bayyana tare, amma wannan ba lallai bane ya faru - ba su da alaƙa da juna, kuma akwai misalai na tarihi na jihohin da ba su da iko a wani bangare yayin da a lokaci guda suke da iko a wasu daga cikin waɗannan fannoni. A cewar Immanuel Wallerstein, wani muhimmin fasalin ikon mallaka shine cewa da'awar da dole ne a gane shi idan yana da ma'ana: </p><p>Akwai ƙarin abubuwa biyu na ikon mallaka wanda ya kamata a tattauna, ikon mallaka na kwarewa da ikon shari'a.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Masarautar mallaka tana hulɗa da halattaccen wanda ke kula da jihar da halatteccen yadda suke amfani da ikonsu.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tilly ya yi nuni da misali inda aka ba da izini ga manyan mutane a wasu sassan Turai su shiga cikin haƙƙin masu zaman kansu da <i>Ustages</i>, kundin tsarin mulki na Catalonia ya amince da wannan haƙƙin wanda ke nuna ikon mallaka. Kamar yadda David Samuel ya nuna, wannan muhimmin bangare ne na jihar saboda dole ne a sami mutum ko rukuni na mutane da ke aiki a madadin mutanen jihar. Masarautar shari'a tana jaddada muhimmancin wasu jihohin da ke fahimtar haƙƙin wata jiha don yin amfani da iko da yardar rai ba tare da tsangwama ba.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misali, Jackson da Rosberg sun bayyana yadda ikon mallaka da tsira na jihohin Afirka suka fi rinjayar amincewar doka maimakon taimakon kayan aiki.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Douglass North ya gano cewa cibiyoyin suna son tsari kuma waɗannan nau'ikan ikon mallaka guda biyu na iya zama hanya don bunkasa tsari. </p><p>A wani lokaci, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta ba da darajar ikon mallakar shari'a kuma ta yi ƙoƙari ta karfafa ƙa'idarta sau da yawa.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Kwanan nan, Majalisar Dinkin Duniya tana motsawa kuma tana mai da hankali kan kafa ikon mallakar kwarewa.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Michael Barnett ya lura cewa wannan ya fi dacewa da tasirin bayan yakin sanyi saboda Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ta yi imanin cewa samun jihohin dangantaka ta zaman lafiya ya kamata su kafa zaman lafiya a cikin yankinsu.<sup id="cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A zahiri, masu ra'ayi sun gano cewa a lokacin bayan Yakin Cold mutane da yawa sun mai da hankali kan yadda tsarin ciki ya inganta zaman lafiya tsakanin jihohi.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Misali, Zaum ya yi jayayya cewa yawancin ƙasashe masu rauni da talauci waɗanda Yakin Cold ya shafa an ba su taimako don bunkasa ikon mallakar da ba su da iko ta hanyar wannan ra'ayi na "masu mulkin mallaka".<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tarihi">Tarihi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Gyara sashe: Tarihi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Tarihi"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Kayan_gargajiya">Kayan gargajiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Gyara sashe: Kayan gargajiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Kayan gargajiya"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mai shari'a na <a href="/wiki/Romawa_na_Da" title="Romawa na Da">Roman</a> Ulpian ya lura cewa: </p> <ul><li>Mutanen sun canja duk mulkin su da iko ga Sarkin sarakuna. <i>Cum lege regia, quae de imperio eius lata est, populus ei et in eum omne suum imperium et potestatem conferat</i> (Digest I.4.1)</li> <li>Dokokin ba su ɗaure sarki ba. Princeps legibus solutus est (Digest I.3.31)</li> <li>Hukuncin da sarki ya yanke yana da ikon doka. <i>Quod principi placuit legis habet vigorem.</i> (Ka yi amfani da ita a matsayin mai suna I.4.1)</li></ul> <p>Ulpian yana nuna ra'ayin cewa sarki yana nuna cikakkiyar ikon mallaka wanda ya samo asali ne daga mutane, kodayake bai yi amfani da kalmar a bayyane ba. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zamanin_Tsakiya">Zamanin Tsakiya</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Gyara sashe: Zamanin Tsakiya" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Zamanin Tsakiya"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An san maganganun Ulpian a Turai ta zamani, amma ikon mallaka muhimmiyar ra'ayi ce a zamanin da. Sarakuna na zamani ba su da ikon mallaka, aƙalla <i>ba haka ba</i> ne, saboda an hana su, kuma sun raba iko tare da, aristocracy na feudal. Bugu da ƙari, duka biyun an tilasta su sosai ta hanyar al'ada. Masarautar ta wanzu a lokacin Medieval a matsayin haƙƙin doka na sarauta da sarauta.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Juyin_Juya_Halin">Juyin Juya Halin</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Gyara sashe: Juyin Juya Halin" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Juyin Juya Halin"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Masarauta ta sake fitowa a matsayin ra'ayi a ƙarshen karni na 16, lokacin da yaƙe-yaƙe na basasa suka haifar da sha'awar iko mai ƙarfi na tsakiya lokacin da sarakuna suka fara tara iko a hannunsu a kan kuɗin masu daraja, kuma jihar al'umma ta zamani tana fitowa. Jean Bodin, wani bangare a cikin martani ga rikice-rikice na Yaƙe-yaƙe na addini na Faransa, ya gabatar da ra'ayoyin ikon mallaka yana kira ga iko mai ƙarfi na tsakiya a cikin hanyar mulkin mallaka. A cikin littafinsa na 1576 Les Six Livres de la République ("<i>Littattafai shida na Jamhuriyar</i>") Bodin ya yi jayayya cewa yana cikin yanayin jihar cewa ikon mallaka dole ne ya kasance: </p> <ul><li>Cikakken: A wannan batu, ya ce dole ne a rufe mai mulki da wajibai da yanayi, dole ne ya sami damar yin doka ba tare da yardar talakawansa ba, dole ne dokokin magabata ba su ɗaure shi, kuma ba zai iya, saboda ba daidai ba ne, a ɗaure shi da dokokinsa.</li> <li>Har abada: Ba a ba da izini na ɗan lokaci game da shugaba mai ƙarfi a cikin gaggawa ko ma'aikacin jihar kamar majistare ba. Ya yi imanin cewa ikon mallaka dole ne ya kasance na dindindin saboda duk wanda ke da ikon aiwatar da iyakar lokaci a kan ikon mulki dole ne ya fi ikon mulki, wanda ba zai yiwu ba idan ikon mulki ya kasance cikakke.</li></ul> <p>Bodin ya ki amincewa da ra'ayin canja wurin ikon mallaka daga mutane zuwa ga <i>mai mulki</i> (wanda aka fi sani da mai mulki); dokar halitta da dokar allahntaka suna ba mai mulki damar yin mulki. Kuma mai mulki bai wuce dokar Allah ko dokar halitta ba. Yana sama (<i>watau</i> ba a ɗaure shi da) kawai doka mai kyau, wato, dokokin da mutane suka yi. Ya jaddada cewa mai mulki dole ne ya kiyaye wasu ka'idoji na asali da aka samo daga dokar allahntaka, dokar yanayi ko dalili, da kuma dokar da ta zama gama gari ga dukkan al'ummomi (jus gentium), da kuma ka'idojin jihar da ke tantance wanda shine mai mulki, wanda ya sami nasara ga ikon mallaka, da kuma abin da ke iyakance ikon mallaka. Don haka, dokar kundin tsarin mulki ta jihar da kuma dokar da ta fi girma da aka dauka a matsayin mai ɗaurewa ga kowane ɗan adam. Gaskiyar cewa mai mulki dole ne ya yi biyayya da dokar allahntaka da ta halitta yana sanya masa ƙuntatawa ta ɗabi'a. Bodin ya kuma yi imanin cewa lois royales, ka'idojin asali na mulkin mallaka na Faransa wanda ke tsara al'amuran kamar maye gurbin, dokokin halitta ne kuma suna da nasaba da mai mulkin Faransa. </p><p>Duk da jajircewarsa ga mulkin kama karya, Bodin yana da wasu ra'ayoyi masu matsakaici game da yadda ya kamata a aiwatar da gwamnati. Ya ci gaba da cewa ko da yake ba a tilasta wa mai mulki ba, yana da kyau a gare shi, a matsayin hanya mai amfani, ya kira Majalisar dattijai daga wanda zai iya samun shawara, ya ba da wasu iko ga majistare don gudanar da doka, da kuma amfani da dukiya a matsayin hanyar sadarwa tare da mutane.  <sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">ana buƙatar hujja</span></a></i>]</sup>Bodin ya yi imanin cewa "mafi girman allahntaka, mafi kyawun, da kuma tsarin jihar da ya fi dacewa da sarauta ana mulki a wani bangare na aristocratic da kuma wani bangare da dimokuradiyya".<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zamanin_Haskakawa">Zamanin Haskakawa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Gyara sashe: Zamanin Haskakawa" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>gyara sashe</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Zamanin Haskakawa"><span>gyara masomin</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A lokacin Age of Enlightenment, ra'ayin ikon mallaka ya sami ikon doka da na ɗabi'a a matsayin babban bayanin Yammacin ma'anar da ikon Jiha. Musamman, an ba da shawarar "Kwamitin Jama'a" a matsayin hanyar kafa ikon mallaka kuma, a shekara ta 1800, an yarda da shi sosai, musamman a sabuwar <a href="/wiki/Tarayyar_Amurka" title="Tarayyar Amurka">Amurka</a> da <a href="/wiki/Faransa" title="Faransa">Faransa</a>, kodayake kuma a Biritaniya zuwa ƙarami. </p><p>Thomas Hobbes, in <i>Leviathan</i> (1651) put forward a conception of sovereignty similar to Bodin's, which had just achieved legal status in the "Peace of Westphalia", but for different reasons. He created the first modern version of the social contract (or contractarian) theory, arguing that to overcome the "nasty, brutish and short" quality of life without the cooperation of other human beings, people must join in a "commonwealth" and submit to a "Soveraigne [<i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sic&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sic (babu wannan shafin)">sic</a></i>] Power" that can compel them to act in the common good. This expediency argument attracted many of the early proponents of sovereignty. Hobbes strengthened the definition of sovereignty beyond either Westphalian or Bodin's, by saying that it must be:<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2011)">ana buƙatar hujja</span></a></i>]</sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWallerstein2004" class="citation book cs1">Wallerstein, Immanuel (2004). <span class="cs1-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldsystemsanal0000wall"><i>World-Systems Analysis</i></a></span>. Duke University Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/worldsystemsanal0000wall/page/44">44</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Musamman:BookSources/9780822334422" title="Musamman:BookSources/9780822334422"><bdi>9780822334422</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World-Systems+Analysis&rft.pages=44&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=9780822334422&rft.aulast=Wallerstein&rft.aufirst=Immanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fworldsystemsanal0000wall&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r73326">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:linear-gradient(transparent,transparent),url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/sovereign">"<i>Collins' Dictionary</i>, "Sovereign<span class="cs1-kern-right">"</span>"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Collins%27+Dictionary%2C+%22Sovereign%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.collinsdictionary.com%2Fdictionary%2Fenglish%2Fsovereign&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnett_1995_79–97-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-0">3.0</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-1">3.1</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-2">3.2</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-3">3.3</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-4">3.4</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-Barnett_1995_79–97_3-5">3.5</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarnett1995" class="citation journal cs1">Barnett, Michael (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/27800102">"The New United Nations Politics of Peace: From Juridical Sovereignty to Empirical Sovereignty"</a>. <i>Global Governance</i>. <b>1</b> (1): 79–97. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F19426720-001-01-90000007">10.1163/19426720-001-01-90000007</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/1075-2846">1075-2846</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/27800102">27800102</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Governance&rft.atitle=The+New+United+Nations+Politics+of+Peace%3A+From+Juridical+Sovereignty+to+Empirical+Sovereignty&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-97&rft.date=1995&rft.issn=1075-2846&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27800102&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F19426720-001-01-90000007&rft.aulast=Barnett&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F27800102&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFJacksonRosberg1986" class="citation journal cs1">Jackson, Robert H.; Rosberg, Carl G. (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/160511">"Sovereignty and Underdevelopment: Juridical Statehood in the African Crisis"</a>. <i>The Journal of Modern African Studies</i>. <b>24</b> (1): 1–31. <a href="/w/index.php?title=Doi_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Doi (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS0022278X0000673X">10.1017/S0022278X0000673X</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0022-278X">0022-278X</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/160511">160511</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=S2CID_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="S2CID (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:251060908">251060908</a> <span class="cs1-visible-error error citation-comment">Check <code class="cs1-code">|s2cid=</code> value (<a href="/w/index.php?title=Taimako:CS1_errors&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Taimako:CS1 errors (babu wannan shafin)">help</a>)</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Journal+of+Modern+African+Studies&rft.atitle=Sovereignty+and+Underdevelopment%3A+Juridical+Statehood+in+the+African+Crisis&rft.volume=24&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=1-31&rft.date=1986&rft.issn=0022-278X&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A251060908&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F160511&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS0022278X0000673X&rft.aulast=Jackson&rft.aufirst=Robert+H.&rft.au=Rosberg%2C+Carl+G.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F160511&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPietrzyk2001" class="citation journal cs1">Pietrzyk, Mark E. (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/20753316">"Explaining the Post-Cold War Order: An International Society Approach"</a>. <i>International Journal on World Peace</i>. <b>18</b> (3): 31–54. <a href="/w/index.php?title=ISSN_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="ISSN (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.worldcat.org/issn/0742-3640">0742-3640</a>. <a href="/w/index.php?title=JSTOR_(identifier)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="JSTOR (identifier) (babu wannan shafin)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.jstor.org/stable/20753316">20753316</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=International+Journal+on+World+Peace&rft.atitle=Explaining+the+Post-Cold+War+Order%3A+An+International+Society+Approach&rft.volume=18&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=31-54&rft.date=2001&rft_id=%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20753316&rft.issn=0742-3640&rft.aulast=Pietrzyk&rft.aufirst=Mark+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F20753316&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFZaum2007" class="citation web cs1">Zaum, Dominik (February 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://academic.oup.com/book/5635/chapter-abstract/148653568?redirectedFrom=fulltext">"1 Sovereignty in International Society"</a>. <i>Oxford Academic</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 3,</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Oxford+Academic&rft.atitle=1+Sovereignty+in+International+Society&rft.date=2007-02&rft.aulast=Zaum&rft.aufirst=Dominik&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Facademic.oup.com%2Fbook%2F5635%2Fchapter-abstract%2F148653568%3FredirectedFrom%3Dfulltext&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tititudorancea.com/z/sovereignty_07.htm">"Sovereignty"</a>. <i>www.tititudorancea.com</i> (in Turanci)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 November</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.tititudorancea.com&rft.atitle=Sovereignty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tititudorancea.com%2Fz%2Fsovereignty_07.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Bodin, Six livres, 6:254 (VI:vi).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-9">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFPhilpott2020" class="citation web cs1">Philpott, Daniel (Fall 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://plato.stanford.edu/archives/fall2020/entries/sovereignty/">"Sovereignty"</a>. <i>Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2023-08-16</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Stanford+Encyclopedia+of+Philosophy&rft.atitle=Sovereignty&rft.ssn=fall&rft.date=2020&rft.aulast=Philpott&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fplato.stanford.edu%2Farchives%2Ffall2020%2Fentries%2Fsovereignty%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fha.wikipedia.org%3ASarauta" class="Z3988"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r73326"></span> </li> </ol>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Daga "<a dir="ltr" href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&oldid=538672">https://ha.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&oldid=538672</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Musamman:Categories" title="Musamman:Categories">Rukunoni</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:Articles_using_generic_infobox" title="Rukuni:Articles using generic infobox">Articles using generic infobox</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Rukuni:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukuni:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_January_2011&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukuni:Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011 (babu wannan shafin)">Articles with unsourced statements from January 2011</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:Articles_with_invalid_date_parameter_in_template" title="Rukuni:Articles with invalid date parameter in template">Articles with invalid date parameter in template</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:Shafuka_masu_fassarorin_da_ba%27a_duba_ba" title="Rukuni:Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba">Shafuka masu fassarorin da ba'a duba ba</a></li><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rukuni:CS1_errors:_S2CID&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rukuni:CS1 errors: S2CID (babu wannan shafin)">CS1 errors: S2CID</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Rukuni:CS1_Turanci-language_sources_(en)" title="Rukuni:CS1 Turanci-language sources (en)">CS1 Turanci-language sources (en)</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Anyi gyaran ƙarshe na wannan shafi a ranar 5 Nuwamba, 2024, da ƙarfe 16:37.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">An samar da muƙaloli a ƙarƙashin lasisin <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License</a>; mai yiwuwa da kwai sauran sharudda. Ku duba <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">Ka'idojin Amfani</a> na Gidauniyar Wikimedia domin karin bayani.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Manufar tsare sirri</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Game_da_Wikipedia">Game da Hausa Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Babban_garga%C9%97i">Hattara</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Injiniyoyin Wikimedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ha.wikipedia.org">Ƙididdiga</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Bayani game da Cookies</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ha.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Sarauta&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Wayar hannu</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-4skr4","wgBackendResponseTime":140,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.246","walltime":"0.368","ppvisitednodes":{"value":1004,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":26656,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2026,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":2,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":19114,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":2,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 325.768 1 -total"," 34.47% 112.286 1 Samfuri:Databox"," 21.95% 71.508 1 Samfuri:Cite_book"," 18.04% 58.755 1 Samfuri:Databox_generic"," 13.74% 44.756 2 Samfuri:Ana_bukatan_hujja"," 11.58% 37.736 2 Samfuri:Fix"," 8.04% 26.188 4 Samfuri:Category_handler"," 6.39% 20.820 1 Samfuri:Cquote"," 5.61% 18.284 4 Samfuri:Cite_web"," 5.33% 17.349 4 Samfuri:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.149","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":4874292,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.eqiad.main-59856bd7d8-2ws7f","timestamp":"20241119180249","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Sarauta","url":"https:\/\/ha.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Sarauta","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7269","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q7269","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2022-12-31T22:55:27Z","dateModified":"2024-11-05T16:37:25Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/43\/Heraldic_Royal_Crown_%28Common%29.svg"}</script> </body> </html>