CINXE.COM

431 год до н. э. — Википедия

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs" lang="ru" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>431 год до н. э. — Википедия</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )ruwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":[",\t."," \t,"],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy","wgMonthNames":["","январь","февраль","март","апрель","май","июнь","июль","август","сентябрь","октябрь","ноябрь","декабрь"],"wgRequestId":"c5e2984e-7b1d-4ae5-94f1-919bfdad5359","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"431_год_до_н._э.","wgTitle":"431 год до н. э.","wgCurRevisionId":120208618,"wgRevisionId":120208618,"wgArticleId":37984,"wgIsArticle":true, "wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Все хронологические списки","Википедия:Статьи без сносок","Википедия:Статьи с шаблонами недостатков по алфавиту","431 год до н. э."],"wgPageViewLanguage":"ru","wgPageContentLanguage":"ru","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"431_год_до_н._э.","wgRelevantArticleId":37984,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"431_до_н._э.","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"accuracy":{"levels":1}}},"wgStableRevisionId":120208618,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"ru","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"ru"}, "wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":4000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl":"/wiki/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.","wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":true,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":false,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q233931","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.gadget.common-site":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user": "ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","ext.categoryTree.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles.legacy":"ready","ext.flaggedRevs.basic":"ready","mediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","codex-search-styles":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","ext.categoryTree","mediawiki.page.media","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.legacy.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.flaggedRevs.advanced","ext.gadget.collapserefs","ext.gadget.directLinkToCommons","ext.gadget.referenceTooltips","ext.gadget.logo","ext.gadget.edittop","ext.gadget.navboxDefaultGadgets","ext.gadget.wikibugs","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init", "ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.compactlinks","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","oojs-ui.styles.icons-media","oojs-ui-core.icons","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ru&amp;modules=codex-search-styles%7Cext.categoryTree.styles%7Cext.cite.styles%7Cext.flaggedRevs.basic%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cmediawiki.codex.messagebox.styles%7Cskins.vector.styles.legacy%7Cwikibase.client.init&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=ru&amp;modules=startup&amp;only=scripts&amp;raw=1&amp;skin=vector"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ru&amp;modules=ext.gadget.common-site&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ru&amp;modules=site.styles&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"> <noscript><link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=ru&amp;modules=noscript&amp;only=styles&amp;skin=vector"></noscript> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.5"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/1200px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="960"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/800px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="640"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/640px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="512"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="431 год до н. э. — Википедия"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D."> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Править" href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Википедия (ru)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//ru.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D."> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Википедия — Atom-лента" href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8&amp;feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin-vector-legacy mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-431_год_до_н_э rootpage-431_год_до_н_э skin-vector action-view"><div id="mw-page-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="mw-head-base" class="noprint"></div> <div id="content" class="mw-body" role="main"> <a id="top"></a> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">431 год до н. э.</span></h1> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body"> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Материал из Википедии — свободной энциклопедии</div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(перенаправлено с «<a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="431 до н. э.">431 до н. э.</a>»)</span></div></div> <div id="contentSub2"></div> <div id="jump-to-nav"></div> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#mw-head">Перейти к навигации</a> <a class="mw-jump-link" href="#searchInput">Перейти к поиску</a> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ru" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox vertical-navbox" data-name="Навигация для года" style="text-align:center"> <tbody><tr> <th scope="col" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/%D0%93%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Год">Годы</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/435_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="435 год до н. э.">435&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/434_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="434 год до н. э.">434&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/433_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="433 год до н. э.">433&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/432_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="432 год до н. э.">432&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> — <b><a class="mw-selflink selflink">431&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/430_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="430 год до н. э.">430&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/429_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="429 год до н. э.">429&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/428_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="428 год до н. э.">428&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/427_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="427 год до н. э.">427&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Десятилетие">Десятилетия</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/450-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="450-е годы до н. э."><span class="nowrap">450-е</span>&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/440-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="440-е годы до н. э."><span class="nowrap">440-е</span>&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/430-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="430-е годы до н. э."><span class="nowrap">430-е</span>&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/420-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="420-е годы до н. э."><span class="nowrap">420-е</span>&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> · <a href="/wiki/410-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="410-е годы до н. э."><span class="nowrap">410-е</span>&#32;до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> </td></tr> <tr> <th scope="col" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B5%D0%BA" title="Век">Века</a> </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/VI_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="VI век до н. э.">VI&#160;век до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> — <b><a href="/wiki/V_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="V век до н. э.">V&#160;век до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a></b> — <a href="/wiki/IV_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="IV век до н. э.">IV&#160;век до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>431 (четы́реста&#160;три́дцать&#160;пе́рвый) год <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%88%D0%B0_%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Наша эра">до на́шей э́ры</a></b> по <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Пролептический юлианский календарь">пролептическому юлианскому календарю</a> — <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4" title="Невисокосный год">невисокосный год</a>, начинающийся в <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D1%83%D0%B1%D0%B1%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Суббота">субботу</a>. Это 431 год до нашей эры, 10-й год 7-го десятилетия <a href="/wiki/V_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BA_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="V век до н. э.">V века</a> <a href="/wiki/1-%D0%B5_%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%81%D1%8F%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="1-е тысячелетие до н. э.">1-го тысячелетия<span class="nowrap"> до н. э.</span></a>, 9-й год <a href="/wiki/430-%D0%B5_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D1%8B_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="430-е годы до н. э.">430-х годов<span class="nowrap"> до н. э.</span></a>, первый / второй год 87-й <a href="/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B0_(%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Олимпиада (хронология)">олимпиады</a> (с июля), −430 год по <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Астрономическая годовая нумерация">астрономической годовой нумерации</a>. Ему предшествовал <a href="/wiki/432_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="432 год до н. э.">432 год до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a>, за ним следовал <a href="/wiki/430_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="430 год до н. э.">430 год до&#160;н.&#160;э.</a> Он закончился 2454&#160;года&#32;назад. </p> <table class="collapsible standard collapsed" style="min-width:35em"> <tbody><tr> <th class="bright" colspan="4"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%8E%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%8C" title="Пролептический юлианский календарь">Пролептический юлианский календарь</a> на 431 год до н. э. </th></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="center">Январь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color:red">1</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">2</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span style="color:red">8</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">9</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span style="color:red">15</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><span style="color:red">22</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">23</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td><span style="color:red">29</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">30</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Февраль <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span style="color:red">5</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span style="color:red">12</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">13</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><span style="color:red">19</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">20</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td><span style="color:red">26</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">27</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Март <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span style="color:red">5</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span style="color:red">12</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">13</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><span style="color:red">19</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">20</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td><span style="color:red">26</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">27</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="center">Апрель <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span style="color:red">2</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">3</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span style="color:red">9</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">10</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><span style="color:red">16</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">17</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td><span style="color:red">23</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">24</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td><span style="color:red">30</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Май <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color:red">1</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td><span style="color:red">7</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">8</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td><span style="color:red">14</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">15</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td><span style="color:red">21</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">22</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td><span style="color:red">28</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">29</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>30 </td> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Июнь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td><span style="color:red">4</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">5</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td><span style="color:red">11</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">12</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td><span style="color:red">18</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">19</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td><span style="color:red">25</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">26</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="center">Июль <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td><span style="color:red">2</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">3</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td><span style="color:red">9</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">10</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td><span style="color:red">16</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">17</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td><span style="color:red">23</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">24</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td><span style="color:red">30</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">31</span> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Август <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td><span style="color:red">6</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">7</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td><span style="color:red">13</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">14</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td><span style="color:red">20</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">21</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td><span style="color:red">27</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">28</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Сентябрь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span style="color:red">3</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">4</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span style="color:red">10</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">11</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span style="color:red">17</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">18</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td><span style="color:red">24</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">25</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr> <tr> <td valign="top" align="center">Октябрь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td><span style="color:red">1</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">2</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td><span style="color:red">8</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">9</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td><span style="color:red">15</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">16</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td><span style="color:red">22</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">23</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td><span style="color:red">29</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">30</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>31 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Ноябрь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td>3 </td> <td>4 </td> <td><span style="color:red">5</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">6</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td>10 </td> <td>11 </td> <td><span style="color:red">12</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">13</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td>17 </td> <td>18 </td> <td><span style="color:red">19</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">20</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td>24 </td> <td>25 </td> <td><span style="color:red">26</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">27</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td valign="top" align="center">Декабрь <table border="0" style="text-align:right"> <tbody><tr> <td>Пн</td> <td>Вт</td> <td>Ср</td> <td>Чт</td> <td>Пт</td> <td><span style="color:red">Сб</span></td> <td><span style="color:red">Вс</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>1 </td> <td>2 </td> <td><span style="color:red">3</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">4</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>5 </td> <td>6 </td> <td>7 </td> <td>8 </td> <td>9 </td> <td><span style="color:red">10</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">11</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>12 </td> <td>13 </td> <td>14 </td> <td>15 </td> <td>16 </td> <td><span style="color:red">17</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">18</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>19 </td> <td>20 </td> <td>21 </td> <td>22 </td> <td>23 </td> <td><span style="color:red">24</span> </td> <td><span style="color:red">25</span> </td></tr> <tr> <td>26 </td> <td>27 </td> <td>28 </td> <td>29 </td> <td>30 </td> <td><span style="color:red">31</span> </td> <td> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB:Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/220px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/330px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg/440px-Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2980" data-file-height="2383" /></a><figcaption>Карта Греции и Малой Азии 431 год до&#160;н.&#160;э.</figcaption></figure> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none" /><div class="toctitle" lang="ru" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Содержание</h2><span class="toctogglespan"><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></span></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#События"><span class="tocnumber">1</span> <span class="toctext">События</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#См._также"><span class="tocnumber">2</span> <span class="toctext">См. также</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Примечания"><span class="tocnumber">3</span> <span class="toctext">Примечания</span></a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#Литература"><span class="tocnumber">4</span> <span class="toctext">Литература</span></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="События"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BE.D0.B1.D1.8B.D1.82.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>События</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать раздел «События»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Редактировать код раздела «События»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Консулы Тит Квинкций Пун Цинциннат и Гай Юлий Ментон (по Т.Ливию Гней&#160;Ю.&#160;М.). Диктатор (№&#160;9) Авл Постумий Туберт, начальник конницы Луций Юлий. Легаты Спурий Постумий Альб, Квинт Сульпиций, Марк Фабий, Марк Геганий<sup id="cite_ref-_3e600095964e63f7_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_3e600095964e63f7-1"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>Триумф диктатора за победу над <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BA%D0%B2%D1%8B" title="Эквы">эквами</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Вольски">вольсками</a>.</li> <li>В <a href="/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC" title="Рим">Риме</a> посвящён храм <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Аполлон">Аполлона</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B5_(%D0%A0%D0%B8%D0%BC)" title="Марсово поле (Рим)">Марсовом поле</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%BD_(%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Карфаген (государство)">Карфагеняне</a> впервые переправили войско на <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Сицилия">Сицилию</a><sup id="cite_ref-_181dc53cdacbcc12_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-_181dc53cdacbcc12-2"><span class="cite-bracket">&#91;</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">&#93;</span></a></sup>.</li> <li>431/430&#160;— Афинский <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD" title="Список архонтов Афин">архонт</a>-эпоним Эвтин. <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D1%84%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Эфоры">Эфор</a>-эпоним Спарты Брасид.</li> <li>Изгнание из Афин философа <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80_%D0%B8%D0%B7_%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" class="mw-redirect" title="Анаксагор из Клазомен">Анаксагора</a> (500—428), учителя <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%BB" title="Перикл">Перикла</a>. Смерть <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Фидий">Фидия</a> (ок. 500—431).</li> <li>Конфликт Афин с <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Мегара">Мегарами</a>. Отклонение Афинами спартанского ультиматума. <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пелопоннесская война">Начало войны</a>.</li> <li>431—404&#160;— <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Пелопоннесская война">Пелопоннесская война</a>.</li> <li>Весна. Нападение <a href="/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%B8%D0%B2%D1%8B_(%D0%91%D0%B5%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F)" class="mw-redirect" title="Фивы (Беотия)">фиванцев</a> на <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B8" title="Платеи">Платеи</a>. Вторжение царя <a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0" title="Спарта">Спарты</a> <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%80%D1%85%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B0%D0%BC_II" title="Архидам II">Архидама</a> в <a href="/wiki/%D0%90%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Аттика">Аттику</a>. Опустошение <a href="/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB%D0%B5%D1%84%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%81" title="Элефсис">Элевсина</a> и <a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD" title="Триасион">Фриасийской равнины</a>. Население укрывается в <a href="/wiki/%D0%94%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%90%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BD%D1%8B" title="Древние Афины">Афинах</a>. Афинский флот идёт к берегам <a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BF%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%81" title="Пелопоннес">Пелопоннеса</a>. Атака афинян на город <a href="/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8_(%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Метони (Месиния)">Метон</a> (<a href="/wiki/%D0%9B%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Лакония">Лаконика</a>), отражённая отрядом <a href="/wiki/%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D0%B4" title="Брасид">Брасида</a>.</li> <li>Ок. 431&#160;— Геродот покинул Фурии.</li> <li>Упоминание Фукидида о солнечном затмении.</li> <li>Постановка трагедии «Медея» Еврипида в Афинах.</li> <li>Начало лета. Вторжение пелопоннесцев, под руководством спартанского царя Архидама, в Аттику. В честь Архидама весь первый период Пелопоннесской войны часто называют Архидамовой войной.</li> <li>Афинский флот совершил рейд вокруг Пелопоннеса.</li> <li>Афиняне провели две карательные экспедиции: с Эгины, за сочувствие спартанцам были изгнаны местные жители и на их землях были поселены афинские колонисты-клерухи; в конце года афиняне проводят вторжение в Мегариду.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="См._также"><span id=".D0.A1.D0.BC._.D1.82.D0.B0.D0.BA.D0.B6.D0.B5"></span>См. также</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать раздел «См. также»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Редактировать код раздела «См. также»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="CategoryTreeTag" data-ct-options="{&quot;mode&quot;:10,&quot;hideprefix&quot;:20,&quot;showcount&quot;:false,&quot;namespaces&quot;:false,&quot;notranslations&quot;:false}"><div class="CategoryTreeSection"><div class="CategoryTreeItem"><span class="CategoryTreeBullet"><a class="CategoryTreeToggle" data-ct-title="431_год_до_н._э." aria-expanded="false"></a> </span> <bdi dir="ltr"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="Категория:431 год до н. э.">431 год до н. э.</a></bdi></div><div class="CategoryTreeChildren" style="display:none"></div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Примечания"><span id=".D0.9F.D1.80.D0.B8.D0.BC.D0.B5.D1.87.D0.B0.D0.BD.D0.B8.D1.8F"></span>Примечания</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактировать раздел «Примечания»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=3" title="Редактировать код раздела «Примечания»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="reflist columns" style="list-style-type: decimal;"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-_3e600095964e63f7-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_3e600095964e63f7_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛивий1989—1993">Ливий, 1989—1993</a>, с.&#160;199—202.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-_181dc53cdacbcc12-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-_181dc53cdacbcc12_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFЛивий1989—1993">Ливий, 1989—1993</a>, с.&#160;202.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Литература"><span id=".D0.9B.D0.B8.D1.82.D0.B5.D1.80.D0.B0.D1.82.D1.83.D1.80.D0.B0"></span>Литература</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;veaction=edit&amp;section=4" title="Редактировать раздел «Литература»" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>править</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit&amp;section=4" title="Редактировать код раздела «Литература»"><span>править код</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r141305934">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after,.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a::after{content:"";width:1.1em;height:1.1em;display:inline-block;vertical-align:middle;background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a::after,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a::after{background-image:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a::after,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a::after{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><span class="citation no-wikidata" data-wikidata-property-id="P1343" id="CITEREFЛивий1989—1993"><i><a href="/wiki/%D0%A2%D0%B8%D1%82_%D0%9B%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B9" title="Тит Ливий">Тит Ливий</a>.</i>&#32;<a href="/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0" title="История от основания города">История Рима от основания города</a><span class="hidden-ref" style="display:none">&#160;<small class="ref-info" style="cursor:help;" title="на русском языке">(рус.)</small></span>&#32;&#47;&#32;Отв. ред. Е. С. Голубцова.&#160;— <abbr title="Москва">М.</abbr>: <a href="/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B0%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%B0_(%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Наука (издательство)">Наука</a>, 1989—1993.&#160;— Т.&#160;1.&#160;— («Памятники исторической мысли»).</span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r137874932">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);border-left:10px solid #36c;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;margin:0 10%}html body.mediawiki.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .ambox{border-width:0 0 0 4px}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid var(--border-color-error,#b32424);background-color:var(--background-color-error-subtle,#fee7e6)}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid var(--border-color-error,#b32424)}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid var(--color-warning,#edab00)}.mw-parser-output .ambox-good{border-left:10px solid #66cc44}.mw-parser-output .ambox-discussion{border-left:10px solid #339966}.mw-parser-output .ambox-merge{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-textsmall-div{font-size:90%}html.client-js body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .mbox-text-span{margin-left:23px!important}@media(max-width:1366px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin-left:6%;margin-right:6%}}@media(max-width:719px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin-left:0;margin-right:0}}</style><table class="plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div style="width:52px"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8" title="Улучшение статьи"><img alt="Улучшение статьи" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/40px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/60px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Wiki_letter_w.svg/80px-Wiki_letter_w.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="44" data-file-height="44" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-div"><b>Для улучшения этой статьи <a href="/wiki/%D0%A8%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD:Rq/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Шаблон:Rq/Пояснения">желательно</a>:</b><ul style="margin-top: 0;"> <li>Проставить <a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Википедия:Сноски">сноски</a>, внести более точные указания на источники.</li></ul></div><div class="mbox-textsmall-div hide-when-compact">После исправления проблемы исключите её из списка. Удалите шаблон, если устранены все недостатки.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><!--esi <esi:include src="/esitest-fa8a495983347898/content" /> --><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Источник — <a dir="ltr" href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=431_год_до_н._э.&amp;oldid=120208618">https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=431_год_до_н._э.&amp;oldid=120208618</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%B8" title="Служебная:Категории">Категория</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="Категория:431 год до н. э.">431 год до н. э.</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Скрытые категории: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%81%D0%B5_%D1%85%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Категория:Все хронологические списки">Все хронологические списки</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%B7_%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BA" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи без сносок">Википедия:Статьи без сносок</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8_%D1%81_%D1%88%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B8_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B2_%D0%BF%D0%BE_%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%84%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83" title="Категория:Википедия:Статьи с шаблонами недостатков по алфавиту">Википедия:Статьи с шаблонами недостатков по алфавиту</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-navigation"> <h2>Навигация</h2> <div id="mw-head"> <nav id="p-personal" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal vector-user-menu-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-personal-label" > <h3 id="p-personal-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Персональные инструменты</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anonuserpage" class="mw-list-item"><span title="Страница участника для моего IP">Вы не представились системе</span></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%91_%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Страница обсуждений для моего IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Обсуждение</span></a></li><li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B4" title="Список правок, сделанных с этого IP-адреса [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Вклад</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C_%D1%83%D1%87%D1%91%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%83%D1%8E_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%8C&amp;returnto=431+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BD.+%D1%8D." title="Мы предлагаем вам создать учётную запись и войти в систему, хотя это и не обязательно."><span>Создать учётную запись</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%92%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4&amp;returnto=431+%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4+%D0%B4%D0%BE+%D0%BD.+%D1%8D." title="Здесь можно зарегистрироваться в системе, но это необязательно. [o]" accesskey="o"><span>Войти</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav id="p-namespaces" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-namespaces vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-namespaces-label" > <h3 id="p-namespaces-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Пространства имён</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="Просмотреть контентную страницу [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Статья</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%81%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5:431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Обсуждение основной страницы (страница отсутствует) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Обсуждение</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-variants" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-variants-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-variants" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-variants-label" > <label id="p-variants-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">русский</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation"> <nav id="p-views" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-views vector-menu-tabs vector-menu-tabs-legacy vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-views-label" > <h3 id="p-views-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Просмотры</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D."><span>Читать</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;veaction=edit" title="Редактировать данную страницу [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Править</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=edit" title="Править исходный текст этой страницы [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Править код</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=history" title="Журнал изменений страницы [h]" accesskey="h"><span>История</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-cactions" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-menu-dropdown vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" title="Больше возможностей" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-cactions-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-cactions" class="vector-menu-checkbox" aria-labelledby="p-cactions-label" > <label id="p-cactions-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Ещё</span> </label> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </nav> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <h3 >Поиск</h3> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="vector-search-box-form"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="vector-search-box-inner" data-search-loc="header-navigation"> <input class="vector-search-box-input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Искать в Википедии" aria-label="Искать в Википедии" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Искать в Википедии [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Служебная:Поиск"> <input id="mw-searchButton" class="searchButton mw-fallbackSearchButton" type="submit" name="fulltext" title="Найти страницы, содержащие указанный текст" value="Найти"> <input id="searchButton" class="searchButton" type="submit" name="go" title="Перейти к странице, имеющей в точности такое название" value="Перейти"> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div id="mw-panel" class="vector-legacy-sidebar"> <div id="p-logo" role="banner"> <a class="mw-wiki-logo" href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Перейти на заглавную страницу"></a> </div> <nav id="p-navigation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-navigation-label" > <h3 id="p-navigation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Навигация</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Перейти на заглавную страницу [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Заглавная страница</span></a></li><li id="n-content" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Содержание</span></a></li><li id="n-featured" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%98%D0%B7%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B8" title="Статьи, считающиеся лучшими статьями проекта"><span>Избранные статьи</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%87%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Посмотреть случайно выбранную страницу [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Случайная статья</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB:%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%83%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Статьи о текущих событиях в мире"><span>Текущие события</span></a></li><li id="n-sitesupport" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&amp;utm_medium=sidebar&amp;utm_campaign=C13_ru.wikipedia.org&amp;uselang=ru" title="Поддержите нас"><span>Пожертвовать</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-participation" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-participation vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-participation-label" > <h3 id="p-participation-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Участие</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-bug_in_article" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%B1_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%85" title="Сообщить об ошибке в этой статье"><span>Сообщить об ошибке</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0:%D0%92%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5"><span>Как править статьи</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BE%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="О проекте, о том, чем здесь можно заниматься, а также — где что находится"><span>Сообщество</span></a></li><li id="n-forum" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A4%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC" title="Форум участников Википедии"><span>Форум</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Список последних изменений [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Свежие правки</span></a></li><li id="n-newpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%9D%D0%BE%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Список недавно созданных страниц"><span>Новые страницы</span></a></li><li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B0" title="Место расположения Справки"><span>Справка</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-tb" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-tb-label" > <h3 id="p-tb-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Инструменты</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D1%81%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B8_%D1%81%D1%8E%D0%B4%D0%B0/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="Список всех страниц, ссылающихся на данную [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Ссылки сюда</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B5_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BA%D0%B8/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." rel="nofollow" title="Последние изменения в страницах, на которые ссылается эта страница [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Связанные правки</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A1%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D1%8B" title="Список служебных страниц [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Служебные страницы</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;oldid=120208618" title="Постоянная ссылка на эту версию страницы"><span>Постоянная ссылка</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=info" title="Подробнее об этой странице"><span>Сведения о странице</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:%D0%A6%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B0&amp;page=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;id=120208618&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Информация о том, как цитировать эту страницу"><span>Цитировать страницу</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F431_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BD._%25D1%258D."><span>Получить короткий URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:QrCode&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fru.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F431_%25D0%25B3%25D0%25BE%25D0%25B4_%25D0%25B4%25D0%25BE_%25D0%25BD._%25D1%258D."><span>Скачать QR-код</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-coll-print_export" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-coll-print_export-label" > <h3 id="p-coll-print_export-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">Печать/экспорт</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%D0%A1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B5%D0%B1%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F:DownloadAsPdf&amp;page=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;action=show-download-screen" title="Скачать эту страницу как файл PDF"><span>Скачать как PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;printable=yes" title="Версия этой страницы для печати [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Версия для печати</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" > <h3 id="p-wikibase-otherprojects-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">В других проектах</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:431_BC" hreflang="en"><span>Викисклад</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233931" title="Ссылка на связанный элемент репозитория данных [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Элемент Викиданных</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </nav> <nav id="p-lang" class="mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang vector-menu-portal portal vector-menu" aria-labelledby="p-lang-label" > <h3 id="p-lang-label" class="vector-menu-heading " > <span class="vector-menu-heading-label">На других языках</span> </h3> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ab mw-list-item"><a href="https://ab.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D2%B2._%D2%9F._431" title="Ҳ. ҟ. 431 — абхазский" lang="ab" hreflang="ab" data-title="Ҳ. ҟ. 431" data-language-autonym="Аԥсшәа" data-language-local-name="абхазский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Аԥсшәа</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v.C." title="431 v.C. — африкаанс" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="431 v.C." data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="африкаанс" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="431 ق م — арабский" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="431 ق م" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="арабский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D9%82_%D9%85" title="431 ق م — Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="431 ق م" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_e.C." title="431 e.C. — астурийский" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="431 e.C." data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="астурийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%C9%99._431" title="E.ə. 431 — азербайджанский" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="E.ə. 431" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="азербайджанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD.%D1%8D." title="431 да н.э. — белорусский" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="431 да н.э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="белорусский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B4%D0%B0_%D0%BD._%D1%8D." title="431 да н. э. — белорусский (тарашкевица)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="431 да н. э." data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="белорусский (тарашкевица)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/-431" title="-431 — бретонский" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="-431" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="бретонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/431._p._n._e." title="431. p. n. e. — боснийский" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="431. p. n. e." data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="боснийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_aC" title="431 aC — каталанский" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="431 aC" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="каталанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_p%C5%99._n._l." title="431 př. n. l. — чешский" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="431 př. n. l." data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="чешский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B8%D1%80%C4%95%D0%BD_%D1%8D%D1%80%C4%83%D1%87%D1%87%D0%B5%D0%BD_431" title="Пирĕн эрăччен 431 — чувашский" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пирĕн эрăччен 431" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="чувашский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_CC" title="431 CC — валлийский" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="431 CC" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="валлийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — датский" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="датский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v._Chr." title="431 v. Chr. — немецкий" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="431 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="немецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%CF%80.%CE%A7." title="431 π.Χ. — греческий" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="431 π.Χ." data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="греческий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_BC" title="431 BC — английский" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="431 BC" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="английский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/-431" title="-431 — эсперанто" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="-431" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="эсперанто" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a._C." title="431 a. C. — испанский" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="431 a. C." data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="испанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_eKr" title="431 eKr — эстонский" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="431 eKr" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="эстонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.a._431" title="K.a. 431 — баскский" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="K.a. 431" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="баскский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DB%B4%DB%B3%DB%B1_(%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B4_%D8%A7%D8%B2_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AF)" title="۴۳۱ (پیش از میلاد) — персидский" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="۴۳۱ (پیش از میلاد)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="персидский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_eaa." title="431 eaa. — финский" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="431 eaa." data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="финский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — фарерский" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="фарерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Føroyskt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_av._J.-C." title="431 av. J.-C. — французский" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="431 av. J.-C." data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="французский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — западнофризский" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="западнофризский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_RC" title="431 RC — ирландский" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="431 RC" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="ирландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/-431" title="-431 — галисийский" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="-431" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="галисийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/I._e._431" title="I. e. 431 — венгерский" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="I. e. 431" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="венгерский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84.%D5%A9.%D5%A1._431" title="Մ.թ.ա. 431 — армянский" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Մ.թ.ա. 431" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="армянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_aK" title="431 aK — идо" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="431 aK" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="идо" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — исландский" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="исландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a.C." title="431 a.C. — итальянский" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="431 a.C." data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="итальянский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B4%80%E5%85%83%E5%89%8D431%E5%B9%B4" title="紀元前431年 — японский" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="紀元前431年" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="японский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AB%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._431" title="ძვ. წ. 431 — грузинский" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ძვ. წ. 431" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="грузинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91._%D0%B7._%D0%B4._431_%D0%B6%D1%8B%D0%BB" title="Б. з. д. 431 жыл — казахский" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Б. з. д. 431 жыл" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="казахский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B8%B0%EC%9B%90%EC%A0%84_431%EB%85%84" title="기원전 431년 — корейский" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="기원전 431년" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="корейский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a.C.n." title="431 a.C.n. — латинский" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="431 a.C.n." data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="латинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v._Chr." title="431 v. Chr. — люксембургский" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="431 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="люксембургский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a.C." title="431 a.C. — Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="431 a.C." data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_m._pr._m._e." title="431 m. pr. m. e. — литовский" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="431 m. pr. m. e." data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="литовский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%BF.%D0%BD.%D0%B5." title="431 п.н.е. — македонский" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="431 п.н.е." data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="македонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87.%E0%A4%B8.%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82._%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ.स.पू. ४३१ — маратхи" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="इ.स.पू. ४३१" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="маратхи" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_SM" title="431 SM — малайский" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="431 SM" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="малайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_AC" title="431 AC — неаполитанский" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="431 AC" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="неаполитанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v._Chr." title="431 v. Chr. — нижненемецкий" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="431 v. Chr." data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="нижненемецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%87%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A4%AA%E0%A5%82%E0%A5%B0_%E0%A5%AA%E0%A5%A9%E0%A5%A7" title="इ॰ पू॰ ४३१ — неварский" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="इ॰ पू॰ ४३१" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="неварский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v.Chr." title="431 v.Chr. — нидерландский" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="431 v.Chr." data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="нидерландский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — норвежский букмол" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="норвежский букмол" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc badge-Q70893996 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/-431" title="-431 — окситанский" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="-431" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="окситанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_p.n.e." title="431 p.n.e. — польский" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="431 p.n.e." data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="польский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a.C." title="431 a.C. — португальский" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="431 a.C." data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="португальский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%C3%AE.Hr." title="431 î.Hr. — румынский" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="431 î.Hr." data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="румынский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_a.C." title="431 a.C. — сицилийский" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="431 a.C." data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="сицилийский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/431._pne." title="431. pne. — сербскохорватский" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="431. pne." data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="сербскохорватский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_pred_Kr." title="431 pred Kr. — словацкий" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="431 pred Kr." data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="словацкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_pr._n._%C5%A1t." title="431 pr. n. št. — словенский" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="431 pr. n. št." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="словенский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_p.e.s." title="431 p.e.s. — албанский" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="431 p.e.s." data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="албанский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/431._%D0%BF._%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="431. п. н. е. — сербский" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="431. п. н. е." data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="сербский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_SM" title="431 SM — сунданский" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="431 SM" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="сунданский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_f.Kr." title="431 f.Kr. — шведский" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="431 f.Kr." data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="шведский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_KK" title="431 KK — суахили" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="431 KK" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="суахили" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%B8_431_%D0%BF.%D0%BC." title="Соли 431 п.м. — таджикский" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Соли 431 п.м." data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="таджикский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тоҷикӣ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9E.%E0%B8%A8._113" title="พ.ศ. 113 — тайский" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="พ.ศ. 113" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="тайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_BC" title="431 BC — тагалог" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="431 BC" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="тагалог" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%C3%96_431" title="MÖ 431 — турецкий" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="MÖ 431" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="турецкий" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B5%D0%BB_(%D0%B1._%D1%8D._%D0%BA.)" title="431 ел (б. э. к.) — татарский" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="431 ел (б. э. к.)" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="татарский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D0%B5." title="431 до н. е. — украинский" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="431 до н. е." data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="украинский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil._av._431" title="Mil. av. 431 — узбекский" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mil. av. 431" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="узбекский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_v.C." title="431 v.C. — Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="431 v.C." data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vèneto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_TCN" title="431 TCN — вьетнамский" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="431 TCN" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="вьетнамский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/431_UC" title="431 UC — варай" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="431 UC" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="варай" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D431%E5%B9%B4" title="前431年 — у" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="前431年" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="у" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AF%E1%83%95._%E1%83%AC._431" title="ჯვ. წ. 431 — мегрельский" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჯვ. წ. 431" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="мегрельский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D431%E5%B9%B4" title="前431年 — китайский" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="前431年" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="китайский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%89%8D431%E5%B9%B4" title="前431年 — кантонский" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="前431年" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="кантонский" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q233931#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Править ссылки на другие языки" class="wbc-editpage">Править ссылки</a></span></div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Эта страница в последний раз была отредактирована 21 февраля 2022 в 16:48.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Текст доступен по <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ru">лицензии Creative Commons «С указанием авторства — С сохранением условий» (CC BY-SA)</a>; в отдельных случаях могут действовать дополнительные условия. <span class="noprint">Подробнее см. <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Terms_of_Use/ru">Условия использования</a>.</span><br /> Wikipedia®&#160;— зарегистрированный товарный знак некоммерческой организации <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/ru/">«Фонд Викимедиа» (Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.)</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy/ru">Политика конфиденциальности</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D0%BF%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5">Описание Википедии</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8">Отказ от ответственности</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Википедия:Контакты">Свяжитесь с нами</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct/ru">Кодекс поведения</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Разработчики</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/ru.wikipedia.org">Статистика</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Заявление о куки</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//ru.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.&amp;mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Мобильная версия</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.log.warn("This page is using the deprecated ResourceLoader module \"codex-search-styles\".\n[1.43] Use a CodexModule with codexComponents to set your specific components used: https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Codex#Using_a_limited_subset_of_components");mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-hjqr6","wgBackendResponseTime":674,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.279","walltime":"0.449","ppvisitednodes":{"value":3622,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":61671,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":2879,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":14,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":0,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":6722,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 301.622 1 -total"," 29.92% 90.255 1 Шаблон:Rq"," 29.09% 87.753 1 Шаблон:Ambox"," 28.43% 85.736 1 Шаблон:Год_начинающийся"," 19.51% 58.861 1 Шаблон:Книга"," 11.04% 33.285 1 Шаблон:Календарь_на_год_юлианский"," 10.15% 30.607 1 Шаблон:Невисокосный_год,_начинающийся_в_субботу"," 9.56% 28.836 2 Шаблон:Sfn"," 9.22% 27.824 11 Шаблон:ГН"," 8.55% 25.790 12 Шаблон:Календарь_годов/месяц4"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.062","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":1466519,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-74cc59cb9d-hjqr6","timestamp":"20241128114101","ttl":21600,"transientcontent":true}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"431 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d.","url":"https:\/\/ru.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/431_%D0%B3%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%B4%D0%BE_%D0%BD._%D1%8D.","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233931","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q233931","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"\u0424\u043e\u043d\u0434 \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-17T22:09:40Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/4\/49\/Map_Peloponnesian_War_431_BC-ru.svg","headline":"\u0433\u043e\u0434 V \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043d. \u044d."}</script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10