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<li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" 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class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 36 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-36" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">36 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85" title="شناوتسر منمنم – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="شناوتسر منمنم" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuljasti_%C5%A1naucer" title="Patuljasti šnaucer – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Patuljasti šnaucer" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_miniatura" title="Schnauzer miniatura – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Schnauzer miniatura" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kn%C3%ADra%C4%8D_mal%C3%BD" title="Knírač malý – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Knírač malý" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C3%A6rgschnauzer" title="Dværgschnauzer – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Dværgschnauzer" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer#Zwergschnauzer" title="Schnauzer – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Schnauzer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4bus%C5%A1nautser" title="Kääbusšnautser – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Kääbusšnautser" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_miniatura" title="Schnauzer miniatura – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Schnauzer miniatura" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B1_%D9%85%DB%8C%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7%D8%AA%D9%88%D8%B1%DB%8C" title="اشنازر مینیاتوری – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اشنازر مینیاتوری" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_miniature" title="Schnauzer miniature – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Schnauzer miniature" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mionsneabhsar" title="Mionsneabhsar – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Mionsneabhsar" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_miniatura" title="Schnauzer miniatura – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Schnauzer miniatura" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%AF%B8%EB%8B%88%EC%96%B4%EC%B2%98_%EC%8A%88%EB%82%98%EC%9A%B0%EC%A0%80" title="미니어처 슈나우저 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="미니어처 슈나우저" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patuljasti_%C5%A1naucer" title="Patuljasti šnaucer – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Patuljasti šnaucer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_Schnauzer" title="Miniature Schnauzer – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Miniature Schnauzer" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zwergschnauzer" title="Zwergschnauzer – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zwergschnauzer" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%AA%E1%83%95%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%92%E1%83%A8%E1%83%9C%E1%83%90%E1%83%A3%E1%83%AA%E1%83%94%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="ცვერგშნაუცერი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ცვერგშნაუცერი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B6rpe_schnauzer" title="Törpe schnauzer – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Törpe schnauzer" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F%D1%83%D1%9F%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82_%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Џуџест шнауцер – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Џуџест шнауцер" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%B1_%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85%D9%86%D9%85" title="شناوتسر منمنم – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="شناوتسر منمنم" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_kerdil" title="Schnauzer kerdil – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Schnauzer kerdil" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%9F%E3%83%8B%E3%83%81%E3%83%A5%E3%82%A2%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B7%E3%83%A5%E3%83%8A%E3%82%A6%E3%82%B6%E3%83%BC" title="ミニチュア・シュナウザー – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ミニチュア・シュナウザー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvergschnauzer" title="Dvergschnauzer – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Dvergschnauzer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%A7_%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%A4%D8%B2%D8%B1_%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7" title="نکا شناؤزر کتا – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="نکا شناؤزر کتا" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sznaucer_miniaturowy" title="Sznaucer miniaturowy – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Sznaucer miniaturowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnauzer_miniatura" title="Schnauzer miniatura – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Schnauzer miniatura" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schnautzer_pitic" title="Schnautzer pitic – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Schnautzer pitic" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цвергшнауцер – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Цвергшнауцер" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mal%C3%BD_brad%C3%A1%C4%8D" title="Malý bradáč – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Malý bradáč" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%99%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Патуљасти шнауцер – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Патуљасти шнауцер" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%A4%C3%A4pi%C3%B6snautseri" title="Kääpiösnautseri – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Kääpiösnautseri" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dv%C3%A4rgschnauzer" title="Dvärgschnauzer – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Dvärgschnauzer" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minyat%C3%BCr_Schnauzer" title="Minyatür Schnauzer – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Minyatür Schnauzer" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80" title="Цвергшнауцер – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Цвергшнауцер" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miniature_Schnauzer" title="Miniature Schnauzer – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Miniature Schnauzer" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%BF%B7%E4%BD%A0%E9%9B%AA%E7%B4%8D%E7%91%9E" title="迷你雪納瑞 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="迷你雪納瑞" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q38999#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit 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Click here for more information." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/19px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/29px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/94/Symbol_support_vote.svg/39px-Symbol_support_vote.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Dog breed</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151960987">body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox table{display:table}body.skin-minerva .mw-parser-output .infobox caption{display:table-caption}</style><table class="infobox biota"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Miniature Schnauzer</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cf/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.JPG/275px-%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.JPG" decoding="async" width="275" height="206" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/cf/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%81_%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D1%81_%D1%81%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B1%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC.JPG 1.5x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="300" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Classic pose of a Miniature Schnauzer. This dog has natural ears and an undocked tail.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap">Other names</span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Zwergschnauzer (Dwarf Schnauzer)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Origin</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Germany</td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Traits</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Height</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 12 to 14 in (30 to 36 cm)<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nzkc-breed_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzkc-breed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 11 to 13 in (28 to 33 cm)<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-nzkc-breed_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-nzkc-breed-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Weight</th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Males</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 11 to 20 lb (5.0 to 9.1 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"></th><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-a"> Females</td><td class="infobox-data infobox-data-b"> 11 to 20 lb (5.0 to 9.1 kg)<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Coat</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Harsh and wiry when hand stripped, soft and curly when clipped</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Color</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> Black, pepper and salt, black and silver</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Litter size</th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> 3 to 8 pups</td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr style="padding:0;"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"><table class="infobox-subbox infobox-3cols-child infobox-table collapsible"><tbody><tr><th colspan="4" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#d3d3a4; color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;">Kennel club standards</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Verband_f%C3%BCr_das_Deutsche_Hundewesen" title="Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen">VDH</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vdh.de/welpen/mein-welpe/zwergschnauzer">standard</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a></th><td colspan="3" class="infobox-data"> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/Nomenclature/Standards/183g02-en.pdf">standard</a></td></tr></tbody></table></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-below" style="background-color: #d3d3a4; color:inherit;"><span class="vernacular">Dog</span> (<span class="trinominal"><a href="/wiki/Domestic_dog" class="mw-redirect" title="Domestic dog">domestic dog</a></span>)</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Miniature Schnauzer</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Dog_breed" title="Dog breed">breed</a> of small dog of the <a href="/wiki/Schnauzer" title="Schnauzer">Schnauzer</a> type that originated in Germany in the mid-to-late 19th century. Miniature Schnauzers may have been developed from the smallest specimens of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-TMSC_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMSC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMSC_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMSC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or crosses between the standard and one or more smaller <a href="/wiki/Breed" title="Breed">breeds</a> such as the <a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle">Poodles</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KennelClub_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KennelClub-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NatureDog_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureDog-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> as farmers bred a small dog that was an efficient <a href="/wiki/Ratter" class="mw-redirect" title="Ratter">ratting dog</a>. They are described as "spunky"<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but aloof dogs, with good guarding tendencies without some <a href="/wiki/Guard_dog" title="Guard dog">guard dogs</a>' predisposition to bite. Miniature Schnauzers are recognized in four colors internationally: solid black, black and silver, salt and pepper, and white.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It is the most popular Schnauzer breed,<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and remains one of the most popular worldwide, primarily for its temperament and relatively small size. As of 2022 it is the 17th most popular breed in the U.S.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest records surrounding the development of the <a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a> in Germany come from the late 19th century. They were originally bred to be medium-sized farm dogs in Germany, equally suited to ratting, herding, and guarding property.<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As time passed, farmers bred the Standard Schnauzer into a smaller, more compact size for ratting by combining it, according to <a href="/wiki/Cynology" title="Cynology">cynologist</a> theorization, with one or more small breeds such as the <a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a> and <a href="/wiki/Miniature_Poodle" class="mw-redirect" title="Miniature Poodle">Miniature Poodle</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-KennelClub_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KennelClub-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-akc-history_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-history-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Frye2002_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Frye2002-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NatureDog_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NatureDog-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranian (dog)">Pomeranian</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-Abiqua_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or by chance from smallest specimens of the Standard Schnauzer.<sup id="cite_ref-TMSC_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TMSC-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-AMSC_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AMSC-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first recorded Miniature Schnauzer appeared in 1888,<sup id="cite_ref-KennelClub_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-KennelClub-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> black female named Findel,<sup id="cite_ref-Abiqua_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the Pinscher-Schnauzer Klub (formed in 1895) in its first volume of the club's stud book mentioned Wirehaired Miniature Pinscher.<sup id="cite_ref-Abiqua_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The first exhibition was held in 1899.<sup id="cite_ref-akc-history_11-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-history-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rugh2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> accepted registration of the new breed in 1926, two years after Miniature Schnauzers were introduced to the United States.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rugh2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The American Miniature Schnauzer Club was formed in 1933, from the older parent club Wire-Haired Pinscher Club of America which also included Standard Schnauzer,<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and initially both competed in the <a href="/wiki/Working_group_(dogs)" class="mw-redirect" title="Working group (dogs)">Working Group</a> until 1927.<sup id="cite_ref-Abiqua_13-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International Kennel Club classifications vary; by the <a href="/wiki/Verband_f%C3%BCr_das_Deutsche_Hundewesen" title="Verband für das Deutsche Hundewesen">VDH</a> and <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">FCI</a> it is placed in "Group 2, Section 1: Pinschers and Schnauzers", with "Nr. 183" in "Section 1.2" dedicated to the Miniature Schnauzer breed,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">KC</a>, <a href="/wiki/Australian_National_Kennel_Council" title="Australian National Kennel Council">ANKC</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Kennel_Club" title="New Zealand Kennel Club">NZKC</a> include it in the <a href="/wiki/Utility_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Utility Group">Utility Group</a>, while by the AKC, <a href="/wiki/United_Kennel_Club" title="United Kennel Club">UKC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Kennel_Club" title="Canadian Kennel Club">CKC</a> the Miniature Schnauzer is classed in the <a href="/wiki/Terrier_Group" class="mw-redirect" title="Terrier Group">Terrier Group</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rugh2009-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ukc-breed_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukc-breed-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The start of the modern Miniature Schnauzer in the United States is considered to have a beginning in 1924 when four dogs were imported from Germany. It is argued that almost all American-bred Miniatures partly descend from them, and between 1926 and 1936, 108 more dogs were imported. One of the most notable champions was <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ch._Dorem_Display&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ch. Dorem Display (page does not exist)">Ch. Dorem Display</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-ddisplay_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ddisplay-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> born in 1945 and lived to be nearly fourteen.<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is claimed that many champion Miniature Schnauzers in America can trace their lineage back to Dorem Display.<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-ddisplay_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ddisplay-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miniature Schnauzers were the 11th most popular breed in the U.S. in 2008, falling to 17th most popular in 2016.<sup id="cite_ref-akc-stats_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akc-stats-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Appearance">Appearance</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Appearance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg/220px-Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="139" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg/330px-Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/38/Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg/440px-Patuljasti_%C5%A0naucer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="535" data-file-height="339" /></a><figcaption>Solid black adult Miniature Schnauzer with intact ears and tail</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_schnauzer.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miniature_schnauzer.jpg/220px-Miniature_schnauzer.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="126" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miniature_schnauzer.jpg/330px-Miniature_schnauzer.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Miniature_schnauzer.jpg/440px-Miniature_schnauzer.jpg 2x" data-file-width="622" data-file-height="356" /></a><figcaption>Salt and pepper adult Miniature Schnauzer with intact ears and tail</figcaption></figure> <p>Miniature Schnauzers have a very square-shaped build, measuring 11 to 14 inches (28 to 36 cm) tall and weighing 10 to 15 pounds (4.5 to 6.8 kg) for females and 11 to 18 pounds (5.0 to 8.2 kg) for males.<sup id="cite_ref-hillspets_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They have a double coat, with wiry exterior fur and a soft undercoat. In show trim, the coat is kept short on the body, but the fur on the ears, legs, belly, and face is retained.<sup id="cite_ref-amsc-grooming_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsc-grooming-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Recognized coat colors are black, pepper and salt, black and silver, and pure white;<sup id="cite_ref-tkc-colors_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tkc-colors-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> pepper and salt coloration is where coat hairs have banded shades of black, gray and silver, fading to a gray or silver at the eyebrows, whiskers, underbody and legs.<sup id="cite_ref-ukc-standard_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ukc-standard-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schnauzers are characterized by a rectangular head with bushy beard, mustache, and eyebrows; teeth that meet in a "scissor bite"; oval and dark colored eyes; and v-shaped, natural forward-folding ears (when <a href="/wiki/Cropping_(animal)" title="Cropping (animal)">cropped</a>, the ears point straight upward and come to a sharp point). Their tails are naturally thin and short, and may be <a href="/wiki/Docking_(dog)" title="Docking (dog)">docked</a> (where permitted). They will also have very straight, rigid front legs, and feet that are short and round (so-called "cat feet") with thick, black pads.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gopets_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gopets-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Docking of tails and cropping of ears has become a controversial practice, especially for non-working dogs, and is now illegal or restricted in a number of countries worldwide, including the UK and Australia.<sup id="cite_ref-webmd-dockcrop_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-webmd-dockcrop-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Grooming">Grooming</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Grooming"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Schnauzers have a specific groom cut that is standard among the schnauzer breeds. Schnauzers require regular grooming, either by stripping, or by clipping. Stripping removes the loose, dead coat; it may be done by hand, called finger stripping, or plucking, or with a stripping knife; either way, it is a laborious process. When kept as pets, Miniature Schnauzers are often groomed differently (usually via clipping) from show dogs (often using stripping). Regular grooming of a Miniature Schnauzer is recommended approximately every six weeks.<sup id="cite_ref-Rugh1997_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rugh1997-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Clipping, using a mechanical clippers (or shaver), produces a soft, silky, skin-close trim. Whether stripped or clipped, the coat is close at the body, and falls into a fringe-like foundation on its undercarriage, called furnishings, which can be left to grow, but must be combed regularly. All schnauzers, whether they are Miniatures, Standards, or <a href="/wiki/Giant_Schnauzer" title="Giant Schnauzer">Giants</a>, often sport a beard, created by allowing the hair around their noses to grow out. Left unclipped or unstripped, the body hair will grow two to four inches, and will often tangle into mats and curls.<sup id="cite_ref-amsc-grooming_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsc-grooming-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1274399246">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{outline:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "],html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{outline:solid #d7d7d7 1px}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .skin-invert-image .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb.thumb.thumb img{background:none!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb img:not([alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]):not([alt*="\200b \200b \200c "]){background:white!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .mod-gallery img[alt*="\200b \200b \200b "]{filter:invert(1)hue-rotate(180deg)}}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Schnauzer_welp.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Miniature Schnauzer pup before first grooming"><img alt="A Miniature Schnauzer pup before first grooming" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Schnauzer_welp.jpg/112px-Schnauzer_welp.jpg" decoding="async" width="112" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Schnauzer_welp.jpg/169px-Schnauzer_welp.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cb/Schnauzer_welp.jpg/225px-Schnauzer_welp.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Miniature Schnauzer pup before first grooming</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Miniature Schnauzer with docked ears and tail on a grooming table"><img alt="A Miniature Schnauzer with docked ears and tail on a grooming table" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg/129px-AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="129" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg/193px-AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/27/AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg/258px-AKC_Miniature_Schnauzer_Dog_Show_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4198" data-file-height="4885" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Miniature Schnauzer with docked ears and tail on a grooming table</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass,_Short_Summer_Cut_(Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A Miniature Schnauzer kept as a pet with natural ears, freshly groomed (clipped) for hot weather"><img alt="A Miniature Schnauzer kept as a pet with natural ears, freshly groomed (clipped) for hot weather" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg/200px-Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="200" height="133" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg/300px-Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg/400px-Miniature_Schnauzer_on_grass%2C_Short_Summer_Cut_%28Named_%22Fox%22_or_%22Mr._Sir%22%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2224" data-file-height="1482" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A Miniature Schnauzer kept as a pet with natural ears, freshly groomed (clipped) for hot weather</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 235px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 230px; height: 180px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Adult black and silver with natural ears; the long eyebrows and full beard are trademark grooming characteristics"><img alt="Adult black and silver with natural ears; the long eyebrows and full beard are trademark grooming characteristics" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg/126px-Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg" decoding="async" width="126" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg/190px-Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b2/Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg/253px-Miniature_Schnauzer_portrait_Mattie.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1350" data-file-height="1600" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Adult black and silver with natural ears; the long eyebrows and full beard are trademark grooming characteristics</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_American_white_coat_controversy">North American white coat controversy</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North American white coat controversy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg/220px-%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg/330px-%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/af/%D0%A6%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%88%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%83%D1%86%D0%B5%D1%80_%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8B%D0%B9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="339" data-file-height="254" /></a><figcaption>A white Miniature Schnauzer with ears cropped and tail docked</figcaption></figure> <p>White is one of four color varieties of the Miniature Schnauzer currently recognized by the <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a>. However, they are not accepted for <a href="/wiki/Conformation_show" class="mw-redirect" title="Conformation show">conformation showing</a> by the <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canadian_Kennel_Club" title="Canadian Kennel Club">Canadian Kennel Club</a>. The controversy rests on the disputed origins of the white variation, namely whether it was contained within the genes of the originally recognized breed, or whether it was the result of subsequent modifications. Since the other two <a href="/wiki/Schnauzer" title="Schnauzer">schnauzer</a> types have never been available in a white variation, and the original German standard never included white as an acceptable color, the American Miniature Schnauzer Club chooses not to recognize white.<sup id="cite_ref-amsc-white_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-amsc-white-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Temperament">Temperament</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Temperament"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg/220px-Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg/330px-Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/57/Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg/440px-Miniature_Schnauzer_dogshow_Flickr.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="685" /></a><figcaption>A Miniature Schnauzer with cropped ears and docked tail</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a> breed standard describes temperament as "alert and spirited, yet obedient to command ... friendly, intelligent and willing to please... never overaggressive or timid".<sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Usually easy to train, they tend to be excellent watchdogs with a good territorial instinct, but more inclined toward barking than biting. They are often aloof with strangers until the owners of the home welcome the guest, upon which they are typically very friendly to them.<sup id="cite_ref-kiedrowski_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kiedrowski-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the Miniature Schnauzer is included in the Terrier Group in North America (due to rat-catching background), it does not have common ancestry with <a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">Terriers</a> from Great Britain,<sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Abiqua_13-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and compared to them has a different personality, being more laid back, obedient, friendly, and less aggressive to other dogs.<sup id="cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miniature Schnauzers can compete in <a href="/wiki/Dog_agility" title="Dog agility">dog agility</a> trials, <a href="/wiki/Obedience_training" class="mw-redirect" title="Obedience training">obedience</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dog_showmanship" class="mw-redirect" title="Dog showmanship">showmanship</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flyball" title="Flyball">flyball</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Tracking_(dog)" title="Tracking (dog)">tracking</a>. Schnauzers have a high prey drive, which means they may chase other small animals and hence should not be off leash when not in a fenced area.<sup id="cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Stanley_Coren" title="Stanley Coren">Stanley Coren</a> ranked the Miniature Schnauzer 12th out of 140 breeds in his book <i><a href="/wiki/The_Intelligence_of_Dogs" title="The Intelligence of Dogs">The Intelligence of Dogs</a></i> (2006). Coren grouped the breed amongst "excellent working dogs". Additionally, experts contacted by Coren ranked the Miniature as fifth among top 15 breeds at watchdog barking ability.<sup id="cite_ref-Coren2006_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Coren2006-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Health">Health</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Health"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A UK study found a life expectancy of 13.3 years for the breed, higher than the 12 year average for crossbreeds.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A study in Japan for pet cemetery data found a life expectancy of 13.4 years, below the overall average of 13.7 years and the 15.3 year average for crossbreeds below 10kgs.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A Japanese study found a significant predisposition to <a href="/wiki/Gall_bladder_mucocele" class="mw-redirect" title="Gall bladder mucocele">gall bladder mucoceles</a> for the Miniature Schnauzer with a 5.23 odds ratio.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>A North American study found the breed to be predisposed to <a href="/wiki/Congenital_portosystemic_shunt" title="Congenital portosystemic shunt">congenital portosystemic shunts</a>, with 1% of Miniature Schnauzers having the condition compared to 0.05% for <a href="/wiki/Mongrel" title="Mongrel">mixed-breed dogs</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Miniature Schnauzers are also prone to <a href="/wiki/Von_Willebrand_disease" title="Von Willebrand disease">von Willebrand disease</a> (vWD). vWD in dogs is an inherited bleeding disorder that occurs due to qualitative or quantitative deficiency of <a href="/wiki/Von_Willebrand_factor" title="Von Willebrand factor">von Willebrand factor</a> (vWF), a <a href="/wiki/Multimeric" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimeric">multimeric</a> protein that is required for platelet adhesion.<sup id="cite_ref-akcchf-willebrand_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-akcchf-willebrand-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The breed is predisposed to atopic dermatitis.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Schnauzer comedo syndrome is a type of <a href="/wiki/Follicle_(anatomy)" title="Follicle (anatomy)">follicular</a> <a href="/wiki/Keratinisation" class="mw-redirect" title="Keratinisation">keratinisation</a> defect found exclusively in the Miniature Schnauzer that is similar to <a href="/wiki/Nevus_comedonicus" title="Nevus comedonicus">nevus comedonicus</a> in humans.<sup id="cite_ref-comedone_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comedone-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The condition is characterised by small <a href="/wiki/Comedone" class="mw-redirect" title="Comedone">comedones</a> developing on the dorsal spine (back) of the dog.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The condition is believed to be caused by an inherited developmental defect in hair follicles, causing abnormal keratinisation and subsequently <a href="/wiki/Comedo" title="Comedo">comedo</a> formation, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Follicular_plugging&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Follicular plugging (page does not exist)">follicular plugging</a>, and secondary bacterial folliculitis which leads to <a href="/wiki/Alopecia" class="mw-redirect" title="Alopecia">alopecia</a> and crusting.<sup id="cite_ref-comedone_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-comedone-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Smoushond" title="Dutch Smoushond">Dutch Smoushond</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-hillspets-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hillspets_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.hillspet.com/dog-care/dog-breeds/miniature-schnauzer">"Miniature Schnauzer"</a>. <i>Hillspet.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 March</span> 2013</span>. <q>Miniature Schnauzers are hardy, merry little dogs that were first bred in Germany in the late 19th century. They are descendants of Affenpinschers and Standard Schnauzers.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Hillspet.com&rft.atitle=Miniature+Schnauzer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.hillspet.com%2Fdog-care%2Fdog-breeds%2Fminiature-schnauzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-nzkc-breed-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-nzkc-breed_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nzkc-breed_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-nzkc-breed_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dogsnz.org.nz/breeds/schnauzer-miniature">"Schnauzer (Miniature)"</a>. New Zealand Kennel Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 January</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Schnauzer+%28Miniature%29&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Kennel+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dogsnz.org.nz%2Fbreeds%2Fschnauzer-miniature&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-TMSC-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-TMSC_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-TMSC_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.theminiatureschnauzerclub.co.uk/the-breed/early-history/">"Early History"</a>. The Miniature Schnauzer Club (Great Britain)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">20 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>Questions as to the roots and origins of the Miniature Schnauzer produce varied responses. Some breed authorities have maintained that the breed is a result of using only the smallest specimens of the Standard Schnauzer. Others have felt Miniatures to be the result of crossing the Standard Schnauzer with the Affenpinscher and other small breeds. This latter is considered to be the more probable origin...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Early+History&rft.pub=The+Miniature+Schnauzer+Club+%28Great+Britain%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theminiatureschnauzerclub.co.uk%2Fthe-breed%2Fearly-history%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AMSC-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AMSC_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AMSC_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.amsc.us/history-of-the-miniature-schnauzer/">"History of the Miniature Schnauzer"</a>. The American Miniature Schnauzer Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>The Miniature is said to have come from mating with the Affenpinscher. They may have been developed entirely by chance, often the main reason for a new breed...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Miniature+Schnauzer&rft.pub=The+American+Miniature+Schnauzer+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amsc.us%2Fhistory-of-the-miniature-schnauzer%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-KennelClub-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-KennelClub_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KennelClub_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-KennelClub_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thekennelclub.org.uk/services/public/breed/display.aspx?id=4096">"Miniature Schnauzer: Description"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Kennel_Club" title="The Kennel Club">The Kennel Club</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>It is thought that the miniaturisation was brought about by the infusion of Affenpinscher blood.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Kennel+Club&rft.atitle=Miniature+Schnauzer%3A+Description&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thekennelclub.org.uk%2Fservices%2Fpublic%2Fbreed%2Fdisplay.aspx%3Fid%3D4096&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-AKCMiniature-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-AKCMiniature_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150207074338/http://www.akc.org/breeds/miniature_schnauzer/index.cfm">"Miniature Schnauzer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/breeds/miniature_schnauzer/index.cfm">the original</a> on 7 February 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 April</span> 2005</span>. <q>...the Miniature Schnauzer resides in the AKC Terrier Group with other diminutive rat-catcher breeds. But the Mini is unique among AKC terriers in that he has no British blood in his veins... Alone among terriers, the Miniature Schnauzer is wholly a product of Continental stock: Standard Schnauzer, Affenpinscher, and Poodle. This explains that though the Mini was born to the traditional work of small terriers, his personality is quite different. Not for him is the dour independence of the Scottish Terrier or the fiery temperament of the Irish Terrier. Rather, he is an overtly friendly dog, spirited but obedient and willing to please.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miniature+Schnauzer&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fbreeds%2Fminiature_schnauzer%2Findex.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Magazine2011-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Magazine2011_7-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=I8IJBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA23"><i>Miniature Schnauzer</i></a>. Kennel Club Books Interactive Series. <a href="/wiki/Lumina_Media" title="Lumina Media">i5 Publishing</a>. 2010. pp. <span class="nowrap">23–</span>30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-774-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-59378-774-5"><bdi>978-1-59378-774-5</bdi></a>. <q>Size reduction, in the Miniature's case, may have been achieved by introducing Affenpinscher and poodle blood... To create the Miniature Schnauzer, it is theorized the Standard Schnauzer may have been crossed with the Affenpinscher or Miniature Pinscher.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miniature+Schnauzer&rft.series=Kennel+Club+Books+Interactive+Series&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E23-%3C%2Fspan%3E30&rft.pub=i5+Publishing&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-59378-774-5&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DI8IJBgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA23&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-NatureDog-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NatureDog_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NatureDog_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLudington2007" class="citation book cs1">Ludington, Mary (October 2007). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofdogs0000ludi"><i>The Nature of Dogs</i></a></span>. Simon & Schuster. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/natureofdogs0000ludi/page/73">73</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4287-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4165-4287-2"><bdi>978-1-4165-4287-2</bdi></a>. <q>This miniature relation of the Standard Schnauzer first appeared around the beginning of the nineteenth century and is thought to be the product of crosses between small Standard Schnauzer and/or Miniature Pinschers with Affenpinschers and Poodles.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Nature+of+Dogs&rft.pages=73&rft.pub=Simon+%26+Schuster&rft.date=2007-10&rft.isbn=978-1-4165-4287-2&rft.aulast=Ludington&rft.aufirst=Mary&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fnatureofdogs0000ludi&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukcdogs.com/miniature-schnauzer">"Breed Standards : Miniature Schnauzer | United Kennel Club (UKC)"</a>. <i>www.ukcdogs.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 December</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.ukcdogs.com&rft.atitle=Breed+Standards+%3A+Miniature+Schnauzer+%7C+United+Kennel+Club+%28UKC%29&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcdogs.com%2Fminiature-schnauzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaid2023" class="citation web cs1">Haid, Melanie (15 March 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.akc.org/expert-advice/dog-breeds/most-popular-dog-breeds-2022/">"The Most Popular Dog Breeds Of 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Most+Popular+Dog+Breeds+Of+2022&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft.date=2023-03-15&rft.aulast=Haid&rft.aufirst=Melanie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fexpert-advice%2Fdog-breeds%2Fmost-popular-dog-breeds-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-akc-history-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-akc-history_11-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-akc-history_11-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080916164359/http://www.akc.org/breeds/miniature_schnauzer/history.cfm">"Miniature Schnauzer History"</a>. <a href="/wiki/American_Kennel_Club" title="American Kennel Club">American Kennel Club</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/breeds/miniature_schnauzer/history.cfm">the original</a> on 16 September 2008<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 August</span> 2008</span>. <q>The Miniature Schnauzer is derived from the Standard Schnauzer and is said to have come from mixing of Affenpinschers and Poodles with small Standards</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miniature+Schnauzer+History&rft.pub=American+Kennel+Club&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.akc.org%2Fbreeds%2Fminiature_schnauzer%2Fhistory.cfm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Frye2002-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Frye2002_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFrye2002" class="citation book cs1">Frye, Fredric L. (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schnauzers00fred_0"><i>Schnauzers: Everything about Purchase, Care, Nutrition, and Diseases</i></a></span>. Barron's Educational Series. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/schnauzers00fred_0/page/5">5</a>–6. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-1962-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-1962-0"><bdi>978-0-7641-1962-0</bdi></a>. <q>Most experts believe that the Miniature Schnauzer is the result of crossbreeding Poodles and Affenpinchers with smaller Standard Schnauzers. If this is correct, the addition of these other two breeds with their positive traits of vigor and intelligence certainly improved the result.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Schnauzers%3A+Everything+about+Purchase%2C+Care%2C+Nutrition%2C+and+Diseases&rft.pages=5-6&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-1962-0&rft.aulast=Frye&rft.aufirst=Fredric+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fschnauzers00fred_0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Abiqua-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Abiqua_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abiqua_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abiqua_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abiqua_13-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Abiqua_13-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2001" class="citation web cs1">Levy, Chris (2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.abiquadogs.com/schnauzers/history.htm">"History of the Miniature Schnauzer"</a>. Abiqua Miniature Schnauzers<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 May</span> 2018</span>. <q>He was never a Terrier in the English sense of a small breed used to bolt vermin from the earth, and has little or no true Terrier blood... During the years, other crosses were invariably made, but there are no definite records as to the outcrosses. Affenpinschers, Miniature Pinschers, and Toy Spitz (Pomeranians) are mentioned.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=History+of+the+Miniature+Schnauzer&rft.pub=Abiqua+Miniature+Schnauzers&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.abiquadogs.com%2Fschnauzers%2Fhistory.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rugh2009-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rugh2009_14-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRugh2009" class="citation book cs1">Rugh, Karla S. (2009). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miniatureschnauz0000rugh"><i>Miniature Schnauzers</i></a></span>. Barron's Educational Series. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/miniatureschnauz0000rugh/page/5">5</a>–9. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-4245-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7641-4245-1"><bdi>978-0-7641-4245-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Miniature+Schnauzers&rft.pages=5-9&rft.pub=Barron%27s+Educational+Series&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7641-4245-1&rft.aulast=Rugh&rft.aufirst=Karla+S.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fminiatureschnauz0000rugh&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fci.be/en/nomenclature/2-Pinscher-and-Schnauzer-Molossoid-and-Swiss-Mountain-and-Cattledogs.html#s1">"Group 2 : Pinscher and Schnauzer - Molossoid and Swiss Mountain and Cattledogs"</a>. <a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration_Cynologique_Internationale" title="Fédération Cynologique Internationale">Fédération Cynologique Internationale</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Group+2+%3A+Pinscher+and+Schnauzer+-+Molossoid+and+Swiss+Mountain+and+Cattledogs&rft.pub=F%C3%A9d%C3%A9ration+Cynologique+Internationale&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fci.be%2Fen%2Fnomenclature%2F2-Pinscher-and-Schnauzer-Molossoid-and-Swiss-Mountain-and-Cattledogs.html%23s1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ukc-breed-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ukc-breed_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ukcdogs.com/miniature-schnauzer">"Miniature Schnauzer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/United_Kennel_Club" title="United Kennel Club">United Kennel Club</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Miniature+Schnauzer&rft.pub=United+Kennel+Club&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ukcdogs.com%2Fminiature-schnauzer&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ddisplay-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ddisplay_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ddisplay_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20131102235131/http://www.schnauzerweb.com/dorem_display.html">"Dorem Display"</a>. <i>SchnauzerWeb.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.schnauzerweb.com/dorem_display.html">the original</a> on 2 November 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 July</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=SchnauzerWeb.com&rft.atitle=Dorem+Display&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.schnauzerweb.com%2Fdorem_display.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-akc-stats-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-akc-stats_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFUpmalis2017" class="citation web cs1">Upmalis, Jordan (21 March 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.akc.org/content/news/articles/the-labrador-retriever-wins-top-breed-for-the-26th-year-in-a-row/">"Most Popular Dog Breeds in America"</a>. American Kennel Club<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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(25 January 2011). <i>Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion</i>. Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. p. 472. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1596-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8138-1596-1"><bdi>978-0-8138-1596-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Blackwell%27s+Five-Minute+Veterinary+Consult+Clinical+Companion&rft.place=Ames%2C+Iowa&rft.pages=472&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011-01-25&rft.isbn=978-0-8138-1596-1&rft.aulast=Rhodes&rft.aufirst=Karen+Helton&rft.au=Werner%2C+Alexander+H.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMiniature+Schnauzer" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Miniature_Schnauzer&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External 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.navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:German_dogs" title="Template:German dogs"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:German_dogs" title="Template talk:German dogs"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:German_dogs" title="Special:EditPage/Template:German dogs"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Dogs_originating_in_Germany115" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dogs originating in <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">Germany</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Hound" title="Hound">Hounds</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Mountain_Hound" title="Bavarian Mountain Hound">Bavarian Mountain Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Hound" title="German Hound">German Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hanover_Hound" title="Hanover Hound">Hanover Hound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westphalian_Dachsbracke" title="Westphalian Dachsbracke">Westphalian Dachsbracke</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Gundog" class="mw-redirect" title="Gundog">Gundogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Longhaired_Pointer" title="German Longhaired Pointer">German Longhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Roughhaired_Pointer" title="German Roughhaired Pointer">German Roughhaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Shorthaired_Pointer" title="German Shorthaired Pointer">German Shorthaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spaniel" title="German Spaniel">German Spaniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Wirehaired_Pointer" title="German Wirehaired Pointer">German Wirehaired Pointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Large_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Large Münsterländer">Large Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poodle" title="Poodle">Poodle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pudelpointer" title="Pudelpointer">Pudelpointer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_M%C3%BCnsterl%C3%A4nder" title="Small Münsterländer">Small Münsterländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weimaraner" title="Weimaraner">Weimaraner</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Herding_dog" title="Herding dog">Herding dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/German_Shepherd" title="German Shepherd">German Shepherd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_German_herding_dogs" title="Old German herding dogs">Old German herding dogs</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Terrier" title="Terrier">Earth dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dachshund" title="Dachshund">Dachshund</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jagdterrier" title="Jagdterrier">Jagdterrier</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miniature Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;"><a href="/wiki/Toy_dog" title="Toy dog">Toy dogs</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biewer_Terrier" title="Biewer Terrier">Biewer Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomeranian_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pomeranian (dog)">Pomeranian</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Eskimo_Dog" title="American Eskimo Dog">American Eskimo Dog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boxer_(dog)" class="mw-redirect" title="Boxer (dog)">Boxer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobermann" title="Dobermann">Dobermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurasier" title="Eurasier">Eurasier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Pinscher" title="German Pinscher">German Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Spitz" title="German Spitz">German Spitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Schnauzer" title="Giant Schnauzer">Giant Schnauzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Dane" title="Great Dane">Great Dane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hovawart" title="Hovawart">Hovawart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Keeshond" title="Keeshond">Keeshond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kromfohrl%C3%A4nder" title="Kromfohrländer">Kromfohrländer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonberger" title="Leonberger">Leonberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rottweiler" title="Rottweiler">Rottweiler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background:#CEDFF2;">Extinct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bullenbeisser" title="Bullenbeisser">Bullenbeisser</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pinschers_and_Schnauzers71" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#CEDFF2;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Pinschers_and_Schnauzers" title="Template:Pinschers and Schnauzers"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Pinschers_and_Schnauzers" title="Template talk:Pinschers and Schnauzers"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Pinschers_and_Schnauzers" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Pinschers and Schnauzers"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Pinschers_and_Schnauzers71" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Pinscher" title="Pinscher">Pinschers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Schnauzers" class="mw-redirect" title="Schnauzers">Schnauzers</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Pinscher" title="Pinscher">Pinscher</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Affenpinscher" title="Affenpinscher">Affenpinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Austrian_Pinscher" title="Austrian Pinscher">Austrian Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish%E2%80%93Swedish_Farmdog" title="Danish–Swedish Farmdog">Danish–Swedish Farmdog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dobermann" title="Dobermann">Dobermann</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_Pinscher" title="German Pinscher">German Pinscher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miniature_Pinscher" title="Miniature Pinscher">Miniature Pinscher</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Schnauzer" title="Schnauzer">Schnauzer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_Schnauzer" title="Giant Schnauzer">Giant Schnauzer</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Miniature Schnauzer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Standard_Schnauzer" title="Standard Schnauzer">Standard Schnauzer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background:#CEDFF2;;width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Russian_Terrier" title="Black Russian Terrier">Black Russian Terrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_Smoushond" title="Dutch Smoushond">Dutch Smoushond</a></li></ul> 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