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Circumferència goniomètrica - Viquipèdia, l'enciclopèdia lliure

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vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Menú principal" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Menú principal</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" 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class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Article_aleatori" title="Carrega una pàgina a l’atzar [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Article a l'atzar</span></a></li><li id="n-Articles-de-qualitat" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Articles_de_qualitat"><span>Articles de qualitat</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-Comunitat" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-Comunitat" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Comunitat </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Portal" title="Sobre el projecte, què podeu fer, on trobareu les coses"><span>Portal viquipedista</span></a></li><li id="n-Agenda-d&#039;actes" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Trobades"><span>Agenda d'actes</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Canvis_recents" title="Una llista dels canvis recents al wiki [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Canvis 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href="/wiki/Especial:Contribucions_pr%C3%B2pies" title="Una llista de les modificacions fetes des d&#039;aquesta adreça IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contribucions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Discussi%C3%B3_personal" title="Discussió sobre les edicions per aquesta adreça ip. [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Discussió per aquest IP</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"><!-- CentralNotice --></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Lloc"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contingut" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contingut</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">mou a la barra lateral</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">amaga</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inici</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Funcions_trigonomètriques_en_la_circumferència_goniomètrica" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Funcions_trigonomètriques_en_la_circumferència_goniomètrica"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Funcions trigonomètriques en la circumferència goniomètrica</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Funcions_trigonomètriques_en_la_circumferència_goniomètrica-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Grup_circular" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Grup_circular"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Grup circular</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Grup_circular-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Enllaços_externs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Enllaços_externs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Enllaços externs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Enllaços_externs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contingut" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Commuta la taula de continguts." > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Commuta la taula de continguts.</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Circumferència goniomètrica</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vés a un article en una altra llengua. Disponible en 59 llengües" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-59" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">59 llengües</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%AD%D8%AF%D8%A9" title="دائرة وحدة - àrab" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="دائرة وحدة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="àrab" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B4%D0%B7%D1%96%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%B0%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%86%D1%8C" title="Адзінкавая акружнасць - belarús" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Адзінкавая акружнасць" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarús" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8A%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82" title="Единична окръжност - búlgar" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Единична окръжност" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="búlgar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AC%E0%A7%83%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4" title="একক বৃত্ত - bengalí" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="একক বৃত্ত" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengalí" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedini%C4%8Dni_krug" title="Jedinični krug - bosnià" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jedinični krug" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosnià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B2%D9%86%DB%95%DB%8C_%DB%8C%DB%95%DA%A9%DB%95" title="بازنەی یەکە - kurd central" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="بازنەی یەکە" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="kurd central" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednotkov%C3%A1_kru%C5%BEnice" title="Jednotková kružnice - txec" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jednotková kružnice" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="txec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%C4%95%D1%80%D1%87%C4%95%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B5_%C3%A7%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%C4%83%D1%88" title="Пĕрчĕлле çавракăш - txuvaix" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Пĕрчĕлле çавракăш" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="txuvaix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhedscirklen" title="Enhedscirklen - danès" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Enhedscirklen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einheitskreis" title="Einheitskreis - alemany" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Einheitskreis" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="alemany" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9C%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE%B1%CE%B4%CE%B9%CE%B1%CE%AF%CE%BF%CF%82_%CE%BA%CF%8D%CE%BA%CE%BB%CE%BF%CF%82" title="Μοναδιαίος κύκλος - grec" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Μοναδιαίος κύκλος" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="grec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_circle" title="Unit circle - anglès" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Unit circle" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="anglès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unuocirklo" title="Unuocirklo - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Unuocirklo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circunferencia_goniom%C3%A9trica" title="Circunferencia goniométrica - espanyol" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Circunferencia goniométrica" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="espanyol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Chikringjoon" title="Ühikringjoon - estonià" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Ühikringjoon" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AD%D8%AF" title="دایره واحد - persa" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="دایره واحد" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yksikk%C3%B6ympyr%C3%A4" title="Yksikköympyrä - finès" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Yksikköympyrä" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cercle_unit%C3%A9" title="Cercle unité - francès" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Cercle unité" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circunferencia_goniom%C3%A9trica" title="Circunferencia goniométrica - gallec" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Circunferencia goniométrica" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="gallec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%9E%D7%A2%D7%92%D7%9C_%D7%94%D7%99%D7%97%D7%99%D7%93%D7%94" title="מעגל היחידה - hebreu" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="מעגל היחידה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="hebreu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedini%C4%8Dna_kru%C5%BEnica" title="Jedinična kružnica - croat" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jedinična kružnica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%84%D5%AB%D5%A1%D5%BE%D5%B8%D6%80_%D5%B7%D6%80%D5%BB%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%AE" title="Միավոր շրջանագիծ - armeni" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Միավոր շրջանագիծ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingkaran_satuan" title="Lingkaran satuan - indonesi" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Lingkaran satuan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circonferenza_unitaria" title="Circonferenza unitaria - italià" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Circonferenza unitaria" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italià" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D%E5%86%86" title="単位円 - japonès" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="単位円" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-km mw-list-item"><a href="https://km.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9C%E1%9E%84%E1%9F%8B%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A%E1%9E%B8%E1%9E%80%E1%9F%84%E1%9E%8E%E1%9E%98%E1%9E%B6%E1%9E%8F%E1%9F%92%E1%9E%9A" title="រង្វង់ត្រីកោណមាត្រ - khmer" lang="km" hreflang="km" data-title="រង្វង់ត្រីកោណមាត្រ" data-language-autonym="ភាសាខ្មែរ" data-language-local-name="khmer" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ភាសាខ្មែរ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84%EC%9B%90" title="단위원 - coreà" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="단위원" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B0" title="Бирдик айлана - kirguís" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Бирдик айлана" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="kirguís" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienetinis_apskritimas" title="Vienetinis apskritimas - lituà" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Vienetinis apskritimas" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituà" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometrisk%C4%81_ri%C5%86%C4%B7a_l%C4%ABnija" title="Trigonometriskā riņķa līnija - letó" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Trigonometriskā riņķa līnija" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letó" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B0" title="Единична кружница - macedoni" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Единична кружница" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoni" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%A3%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B1%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%B5%E0%B5%83%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%82" title="യൂണിറ്റ് വൃത്തം - malaiàlam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="യൂണിറ്റ് വൃത്തം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malaiàlam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D1%8D%D0%B3%D0%B6_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B9%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3" title="Нэгж тойрог - mongol" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Нэгж тойрог" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="mongol" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eenheidscirkel" title="Eenheidscirkel - neerlandès" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Eenheidscirkel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Einingssirkel" title="Einingssirkel - noruec nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Einingssirkel" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="noruec nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhetssirkelen" title="Enhetssirkelen - noruec bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Enhetssirkelen" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="noruec bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Okr%C4%85g_jednostkowy" title="Okrąg jednostkowy - polonès" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Okrąg jednostkowy" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirconferensa_goniom%C3%A9trica" title="Sirconferensa goniométrica - piemontès" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Sirconferensa goniométrica" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="piemontès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%C3%ADrculo_unit%C3%A1rio" title="Círculo unitário - portuguès" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Círculo unitário" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portuguès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerc_trigonometric" title="Cerc trigonometric - romanès" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Cerc trigonometric" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="romanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C" title="Единичная окружность - rus" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Единичная окружность" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rus" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jedini%C4%8Dni_krug" title="Jedinični krug - serbocroat" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jedinični krug" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbocroat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit_circle" title="Unit circle - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Unit circle" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jednotkov%C3%A1_kru%C5%BEnica" title="Jednotková kružnica - eslovac" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jednotková kružnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="eslovac" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enotska_kro%C5%BEnica" title="Enotska krožnica - eslovè" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Enotska krožnica" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="eslovè" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rrethi_nj%C3%ABsi" title="Rrethi njësi - albanès" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Rrethi njësi" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albanès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%88%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%83%D0%B3" title="Јединични круг - serbi" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Јединични круг" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enhetscirkel" title="Enhetscirkel - suec" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Enhetscirkel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suec" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%93%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%81_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="ஓரலகு வட்டம் - tàmil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஓரலகு வட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tàmil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B6%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%87%E0%B8%AB%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%88%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%A2" title="วงกลมหนึ่งหน่วย - tai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="วงกลมหนึ่งหน่วย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="tai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birim_%C3%A7ember" title="Birim çember - turc" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Birim çember" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turc" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE" title="Одиничне коло - ucraïnès" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Одиничне коло" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraïnès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D8%A7%D8%A6%D8%B1%DB%81" title="ایکائی دائرہ - urdú" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایکائی دائرہ" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdú" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%C6%B0%E1%BB%9Dng_tr%C3%B2n_%C4%91%C6%A1n_v%E1%BB%8B" title="Đường tròn đơn vị - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Đường tròn đơn vị" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%86" title="单位圆 - xinès wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="单位圆" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="xinès wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%99%D7%99%D7%A0%D7%A1_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%99%D7%99%D7%96" title="איינס קרייז - ídix" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="איינס קרייז" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="ídix" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%8D%95%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%86" title="单位圆 - xinès" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="单位圆" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="xinès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tan-%C5%ABi-%C3%AE%E2%81%BF" title="Tan-ūi-îⁿ - xinès min del sud" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Tan-ūi-îⁿ" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="xinès min del sud" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D%E5%9C%93" title="單位圓 - cantonès" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="單位圓" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonès" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q203425#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica enllaços interlingües" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica els enllaços</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Espais de noms"> 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class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Enlla%C3%A7os/Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica" title="Una llista de totes les pàgines wiki que enllacen amb aquesta [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Què hi enllaça</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:Seguiment/Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica" rel="nofollow" title="Canvis recents a pàgines enllaçades des d&#039;aquesta pàgina [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Canvis relacionats</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Especial:P%C3%A0gines_especials" title="Llista totes les pàgines especials [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pàgines especials</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica&amp;oldid=32640424" title="Enllaç permanent a aquesta revisió de la pàgina"><span>Enllaç permanent</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica&amp;action=info" title="Més informació sobre aquesta pàgina"><span>Informació de la pàgina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:Citau&amp;page=Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica&amp;id=32640424&amp;wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informació sobre com citar aquesta pàgina"><span>Citau aquest article</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Especial:UrlShortener&amp;url=https%3A%2F%2Fca.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FCircumfer%25C3%25A8ncia_goniom%25C3%25A8trica"><span>Obtén una URL abreujada</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a 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class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/38px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b8/Crystal128-pipe.svg/50px-Crystal128-pipe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="192" data-file-height="192" /></a></span></td> <td class="mbox-text" style=""> <div class="mbox-text-span">Aquest article o secció no <a href="/wiki/Viquip%C3%A8dia:Citau_les_fonts" title="Viquipèdia:Citau les fonts">cita les fonts</a> o necessita més referències per a la seva <a href="/wiki/VP:VER" class="mw-redirect" title="VP:VER">verificabilitat</a>.</div> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Einheitskreis_Ani.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Einheitskreis_Ani.gif/220px-Einheitskreis_Ani.gif" decoding="async" width="220" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e3/Einheitskreis_Ani.gif 1.5x" data-file-width="268" data-file-height="323" /></a><figcaption>Evolució de les funcions sinus, cosinus i tangent al primer quadrant amb la circumferència goniomètrica (en alemany "Einheitskreis" circumferència unitària)</figcaption></figure> <p>En <a href="/wiki/Matem%C3%A0tiques" title="Matemàtiques">matemàtiques</a>, la <b>circumferència goniomètrica</b>, anomenada també <b>circumferència trigonomètrica</b>, <b>circumferència unitat</b>, o <b>cercle goniomètric</b> és una <a href="/wiki/Circumfer%C3%A8ncia" title="Circumferència">circumferència</a> de <a href="/wiki/Radi_(geometria)" title="Radi (geometria)">radi</a> 1 centrada a l'origen (0,0) del sistema de <a href="/wiki/Coordenades_cartesianes" class="mw-redirect" title="Coordenades cartesianes">coordenades cartesianes</a> en al pla euclidià. La circumferència goniomètrica es denota sovint <i>S</i>¹; la generalització a dimensions superiors és l'<a href="/w/index.php?title=Esfera_unit%C3%A0ria&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Esfera unitària (encara no existeix)">esfera unitària</a>. </p><p>Si (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) és un punt del primer quadrant sobre la circumferència goniomètrica, llavors <i>x</i> i <i>y</i> són les longituds dels catets d'un <a href="/wiki/Triangle_rectangle" title="Triangle rectangle">triangle rectangle</a>, la hipotenusa del qual té una longitud d'1. Així, pel <a href="/wiki/Teorema_de_Pit%C3%A0gores" title="Teorema de Pitàgores">teorema de Pitàgores</a>, <i>x</i> i <i>y</i> satisfan l'equació </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1.}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>x</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>y</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1.</mn> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1.}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/bd4ba9a57bd82841e5889575e2ff3e1ef5fad8e9" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.671ex; width:12.347ex; height:3.009ex;" alt="{\displaystyle x^{2}+y^{2}=1.}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Donat que <i>x</i>² = (−<i>x</i>)² per a tot <i>x</i>, i donat que la reflexió de qualsevol punt de la circumferència respecte dels eixos <i>x</i> o <i>y</i> pertany també a la mateixa circumferència, l'equació anterior es compleix per a tots els punts (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) de la circumferència, no només pels del primer quadrant. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Funcions_trigonomètriques_en_la_circumferència_goniomètrica"><span id="Funcions_trigonom.C3.A8triques_en_la_circumfer.C3.A8ncia_goniom.C3.A8trica"></span>Funcions trigonomètriques en la circumferència goniomètrica</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=1" title="Modifica la secció: Funcions trigonomètriques en la circumferència goniomètrica"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Unit_circle.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Unit_circle.svg/220px-Unit_circle.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Unit_circle.svg/330px-Unit_circle.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/8f/Unit_circle.svg/440px-Unit_circle.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="352" data-file-height="352" /></a><figcaption>Il·lustració d'una circumferència goniomètrica. La variable <i>t</i> és la mesura d'un <a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">angle</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg/220px-Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg/330px-Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg/440px-Unit-circle_sin_cos_tan_cot_exsec_excsc_versin_vercos_coversin_covercos.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1265" data-file-height="865" /></a><figcaption><i>Totes</i> les funcions trigonomètriques de l'angle <i>θ</i> es poden construir geomètricament basant-se en la circumferència goniomètrica.</figcaption></figure> <p>Les <a href="/wiki/Funci%C3%B3_trigonom%C3%A8trica" title="Funció trigonomètrica">funcions trigonomètriques</a> cosinus i sinus es poden definir basant-se en la circumferència goniomètrica tal com segueix. Si (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) és un punt de la circumferència goniomètrica, i si el radi que va des de l'origen (0, 0) fins a (<i>x</i>, <i>y</i>) forma un <a href="/wiki/Angle" title="Angle">angle</a> <i>t</i> respecte del semi eix <i>x</i> positiu, (on el sentit positiu és el contrari de les manetes del rellotge), llavors </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cos(t)=x\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>x</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cos(t)=x\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/e91f69a7802ffc14612b91dc14124827f202602a" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:10.575ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cos(t)=x\,\!}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin(t)=y\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mi>y</mi> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin(t)=y\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/d9376b576059b4e0082bb107edc2199d0bc9cf12" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:10.146ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin(t)=y\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>L'equació <i>x</i>² + <i>y</i>² = 1 dona la relació </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cos ^{2}(t)+\sin ^{2}(t)=1\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <msup> <mi>cos</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>+</mo> <msup> <mi>sin</mi> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msup> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mo>=</mo> <mn>1</mn> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cos ^{2}(t)+\sin ^{2}(t)=1\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/69a912ff32588be615198cf75e49e9463b3f4cfa" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:20.861ex; height:3.176ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cos ^{2}(t)+\sin ^{2}(t)=1\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Fixeu-vos que cos²(t)=(cos(t))². És la forma abreviada habitual per a expressar les potències de les funcions trigonomètriques. </p><p>La circumferència goniomètrica dona una forma intuïtiva per entendre que el <a href="/wiki/Sinus" title="Sinus">sinus</a> i el <a href="/wiki/Cosinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosinus">cosinus</a> són <a href="/wiki/Funci%C3%B3_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Funció periòdica">funcions periòdiques</a>, amb les identitats </p> <dl><dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \cos t=\cos(2\pi k+t)\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>cos</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \cos t=\cos(2\pi k+t)\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/455cd2fbb897f57314112d3c9205ec8446b74197" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:20.129ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \cos t=\cos(2\pi k+t)\,\!}"></span></dd> <dd><span class="mwe-math-element"><span class="mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y" style="display: none;"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" alttext="{\displaystyle \sin t=\sin(2\pi k+t)\,\!}"> <semantics> <mrow class="MJX-TeXAtom-ORD"> <mstyle displaystyle="true" scriptlevel="0"> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>sin</mi> <mo>&#x2061;<!-- ⁡ --></mo> <mo stretchy="false">(</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mi>&#x03C0;<!-- π --></mi> <mi>k</mi> <mo>+</mo> <mi>t</mi> <mo stretchy="false">)</mo> <mspace width="thinmathspace" /> <mspace width="negativethinmathspace" /> </mstyle> </mrow> <annotation encoding="application/x-tex">{\displaystyle \sin t=\sin(2\pi k+t)\,\!}</annotation> </semantics> </math></span><img src="https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/609a13a0aec95e14aab2f3925a191d7203c3292f" class="mwe-math-fallback-image-inline mw-invert skin-invert" aria-hidden="true" style="vertical-align: -0.838ex; margin-right: -0.387ex; width:19.619ex; height:2.843ex;" alt="{\displaystyle \sin t=\sin(2\pi k+t)\,\!}"></span></dd></dl> <p>Per a qualsevol <a href="/wiki/Nombre_enter" title="Nombre enter">enter</a> <i>k</i>. </p><p>Aquestes identitats provenen del fet que les coordenades <i>x</i> i <i>y</i> d'un punt de la circumferència goniomètrica es conserven si l'angle <i>t</i> s'augmenta o es disminueix qualsevol nombre de voltes (1 volta = 2π radians). </p><p>Quan es treballa amb triangles rectangles, el sinus, el cosinus i les altres funcions trigonomètriques només tenen sentit per angles que mesuren més de zero i menys de π/2. En canvi, fent servir la circumferència goniomètrica, aquestes funcions tenen significats intuïtius per a qualsevol valor <a href="/wiki/Nombre_real" title="Nombre real">real</a> que mesuri l'angle. </p><p>De fet, no només el sinus i el cosinus, sinó totes sis funcions trigonomètriques clàssiques — sinus, cosinus, tangent, cotangent, secant, i cosecant, així com les funcions arcàiques com el <a href="/wiki/Versinus" title="Versinus">versinus</a> i la <a href="/wiki/Exsecant" title="Exsecant">exsecant</a> — es poden definir geomètricament basant-se en la circumferència goniomètrica, tal com es mostra a la figura de a dreta. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Unit_circle_angles.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Unit_circle_angles.svg/220px-Unit_circle_angles.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Unit_circle_angles.svg/330px-Unit_circle_angles.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/Unit_circle_angles.svg/440px-Unit_circle_angles.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="720" data-file-height="720" /></a><figcaption>Valors del sinus i del cosinus d'uns quants angles representats en la circumferància goniomètrica</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grup_circular">Grup circular</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Circumfer%C3%A8ncia_goniom%C3%A8trica&amp;action=edit&amp;section=2" title="Modifica la secció: Grup circular"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Els <a href="/wiki/Nombres_complexos" class="mw-redirect" title="Nombres complexos">nombres complexos</a> es poden identificar amb punts del <a href="/wiki/Pla_euclidi%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Pla euclidià">pla euclidià</a>, és a dir, el nombre <i>a</i> + <i>bi</i> s'identifica amb el punt (<i>a</i>, <i>b</i>). Sota aquesta identificació, la circumferència goniomètrica és un <a href="/wiki/Grup_(matem%C3%A0tiques)" title="Grup (matemàtiques)">grup</a> amb l'operació de multiplicació, d'aquest grup se'n diu el <a href="/wiki/Grup_circular" title="Grup circular">grup circular</a>. 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.languageicon{background-color:inherit;color:white}}</style><span class="languageicon" title="En anglès">(anglès)</span></li></ul> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Trigonometria" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks collapsible collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><div class="plainlinks hlist navbar mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Plantilla:Trigonometria" title="Plantilla:Trigonometria"><img alt="Vegeu aquesta plantilla" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/18px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Commons-emblem-notice.svg/27px-Commons-emblem-notice.svg.png 1.5x, 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(trigonometria)">Tangent</a> <i>(tan)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Cotangent" class="mw-redirect" title="Cotangent">Cotangent</a> <i>(cot)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Secant" class="mw-redirect" title="Secant">Secant</a> <i>(sec)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Cosecant" class="mw-redirect" title="Cosecant">Cosecant</a> <i>(csc)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Versinus" title="Versinus">Versinus</a> <i>(versin)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Coversinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Coversinus">Coversinus</a> <i>(coversin)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Semiversinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Semiversinus">Semiversinus</a> <i>(semiversin)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Vercosinus&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Vercosinus (encara no existeix)">Vercosinus</a> <i>(vercos)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Exsecant" title="Exsecant">Exsecant</a> <i>(exsec)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Excosecant" class="mw-redirect" title="Excosecant">Excosecant</a> <i>(excsc)</i></div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fitxer:Circle-trig6.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Circle-trig6.svg/300px-Circle-trig6.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Circle-trig6.svg/450px-Circle-trig6.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9d/Circle-trig6.svg/600px-Circle-trig6.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1250" data-file-height="800" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Inverses_de_les_funcions_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Inverses de les funcions trigonomètriques">Funcions<br />trigonomètriques<br />inverses</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Arcsinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsinus">Arcsinus</a> <i>(arcsin)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Arccosinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arccosinus">Arccosinus</a> <i>(arccos)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Arctangent" class="mw-redirect" title="Arctangent">Arctangent</a> <i>(arctan)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Arccotangent" class="mw-redirect" title="Arccotangent">Arccotangent</a> <i>(arccotan)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Arcsecant" class="mw-redirect" title="Arcsecant">Arcsecant</a> <i>(arcsec)</i><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Arccosecant" class="mw-redirect" title="Arccosecant">Arccosecant</a> <i>(arccosec)</i></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Teoremes</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_de_la_corda&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema de la corda (encara no existeix)">Teorema de la corda</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_del_sinus" title="Teorema del sinus">Teorema del sinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_del_cosinus" title="Teorema del cosinus">Teorema del cosinus</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_de_la_tangent" title="Teorema de la tangent">Teorema de la tangent</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_de_l%27Huilier" title="Teorema de l&#39;Huilier">Teorema de l'Huilier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=Teorema_de_Neper&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Teorema de Neper (encara no existeix)">Teorema de Neper</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_de_Pit%C3%A0gores" title="Teorema de Pitàgores">Teorema de Pitàgores</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Teorema_de_Tales" title="Teorema de Tales">Teorema de Tales</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Fòrmules</th><td class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_de_De_Moivre" title="Fórmula de De Moivre">Fórmula de De Moivre</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_d%27Euler" title="Fórmula d&#39;Euler">Fórmula d'Euler</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_d%27Her%C3%B3" title="Fórmula d&#39;Heró">Fórmula d'Heró</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_de_Mollweide" title="Fórmula de Mollweide">Fórmula de Mollweide</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B3rmules_de_prostaferesi&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fórmules de prostaferesi (encara no existeix)">Fórmules de prostaferesi</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmula_de_la_tangent_de_l%27angle_meitat" title="Fórmula de la tangent de l&#39;angle meitat">Fórmula de la tangent de l'angle meitat</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/F%C3%B3rmules_de_Vincenty" title="Fórmules de Vincenty">Fórmules de Vincenty</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/w/index.php?title=F%C3%B3rmula_de_Werner&amp;action=edit&amp;redlink=1" class="new" title="Fórmula de Werner (encara no existeix)">Fórmula de Werner</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Vegeu també</i></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hist%C3%B2ria_de_les_funcions_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Història de les funcions trigonomètriques">Història</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27identitats_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Llista d&#39;identitats trigonomètriques">Identitats</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Demostraci%C3%B3_de_les_identitats_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Demostració de les identitats trigonomètriques">Demostracions</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Construcci%C3%B3_de_les_taules_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Construcció de les taules trigonomètriques">Taules</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Constants_trigonom%C3%A8triques_exactes" title="Constants trigonomètriques exactes">Constants exactes</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/CORDIC" title="CORDIC">CORDIC</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Derivaci%C3%B3_de_les_funcions_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Derivació de les funcions trigonomètriques">Derivades</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Primitives_de_funcions_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Primitives de funcions trigonomètriques">Integrals</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Llista_d%27integrals_d%27inverses_de_funcions_trigonom%C3%A8triques" title="Llista d&#39;integrals d&#39;inverses de funcions trigonomètriques">Integrals de les funcions inverses</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Trigonometria_esf%C3%A8rica" title="Trigonometria esfèrica">Trigonometria esfèrica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a class="mw-selflink selflink">Circumferència goniomètrica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Resoluci%C3%B3_de_triangles" title="Resolució de triangles">Resolució de triangles</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Sinusoide" title="Sinusoide">Sinusoide</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Funci%C3%B3_peri%C3%B2dica" title="Funció periòdica">Funció periòdica</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A8rie_de_Fourier" title="Sèrie de Fourier">Sèrie de Fourier</a><span style="font-weight:bold;">&#160;·</span>&#32;<a href="/wiki/Triangulaci%C3%B3" 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