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class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>North America</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-North_America-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Australia_and_New_Zealand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Australia and New Zealand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Australia_and_New_Zealand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Cricket_pitches" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cricket_pitches"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Cricket pitches</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cricket_pitches-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Measuring_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Measuring_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Measuring instruments</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Measuring_instruments-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Measuring instruments subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Measuring_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Surveyors'_chain_(Gunter's_chain)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Surveyors'_chain_(Gunter's_chain)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Surveyors' chain (Gunter's chain)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Surveyors'_chain_(Gunter's_chain)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Engineer's_chain_(Ramsden's_chain)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Engineer's_chain_(Ramsden's_chain)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Engineer's chain (Ramsden's chain)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Engineer's_chain_(Ramsden's_chain)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Vara_or_Texas_chain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Vara_or_Texas_chain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span><span><i>Vara</i></span> or Texas chain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Vara_or_Texas_chain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Metric_chains" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Metric_chains"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Metric chains</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Metric_chains-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Revenue_chain" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Revenue_chain"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4.1</span> <span>Revenue chain</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Revenue_chain-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_instruments" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_instruments"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>Other instruments</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_instruments-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Use_in_popular_culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Use_in_popular_culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Use in popular culture</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Use_in_popular_culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" 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id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 31 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Чэйн – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D1%8D%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Чэйн – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чэйн" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC" title="जरीब – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="जरीब" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>भोजपुरी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_(unitat)" title="Cadena (unitat) – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Cadena (unitat)" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Чейн – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Чейн" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadena_(unidad_de_longitud)" title="Cadena (unidad de longitud) – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cadena (unidad de longitud)" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%DB%8C%D8%B1_(%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%A7)" title="زنجیر (یکا) – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زنجیر (یکا)" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cha%C3%AEne_(unit%C3%A9)" title="Chaîne (unité) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Chaîne (unité)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%B2%B4%EC%9D%B8_(%EB%8B%A8%EC%9C%84)" title="체인 (단위) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="체인 (단위)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%AC" title="जरीब – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="जरीब" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catena_(unit%C3%A0_di_misura)" title="Catena (unità di misura) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Catena (unità di misura)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Чейн – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Чейн" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rantai_(ukuran)" title="Rantai (ukuran) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Rantai (ukuran)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_(lengtemaat)" title="Chain (lengtemaat) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Chain (lengtemaat)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%81%E3%82%A7%E3%83%BC%E3%83%B3_(%E5%8D%98%E4%BD%8D)" title="チェーン (単位) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="チェーン (単位)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheyn" title="Cheyn – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Cheyn" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81a%C5%84cuch_(miara_d%C5%82ugo%C5%9Bci)" title="Łańcuch (miara długości) – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Łańcuch (miara długości)" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrente_(unidade)" title="Corrente (unidade) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Corrente (unidade)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BF%D1%8C" title="Мерная цепь – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мерная цепь" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain_(unit)" title="Chain (unit) – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Chain (unit)" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%86%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%B1_(%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%BE_%D8%AC%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%B2%D8%A7%D8%B1)" title="زنجير (ماپ جو اوزار) – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="زنجير (ماپ جو اوزار)" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain" title="Chain – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Chain" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%9A%E0%B1%88%E0%B0%A8%E0%B1%8D_(%E0%B0%AF%E0%B1%82%E0%B0%A8%E0%B0%BF%E0%B0%9F%E0%B1%8D)" title="చైన్ (యూనిట్) – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="చైన్ (యూనిట్)" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>తెలుగు</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BD" title="Чейн – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чейн" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kadena_(yunit)" title="Kadena (yunit) – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Kadena (yunit)" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%8F%88_(%E9%87%8F%E5%BA%A6%E5%96%AE%E4%BD%8D)" title="鏈 (量度單位) – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="鏈 (量度單位)" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q552299#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul 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data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Unit of length</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox ib-unit"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above">chain</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image notheme" style="background-color: #f8f9fa;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG/220px-Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="284" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG/330px-Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG/440px-Gunter%27s_chain_at_Campus_Martius_Museum.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2203" data-file-height="2842" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">The chain is based on the length of Gunter's chain, which is 66 feet (22 yd) long.</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">General information</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/System_of_units_of_measurement" title="System of units of measurement">Unit system</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial</a>/<a href="/wiki/US_customary_units" class="mw-redirect" title="US customary units">US</a> units</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Unit of</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Symbol</th><td class="infobox-data">ch</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Conversions </th></tr><tr class="nowrap"><td>1 ch <i>in ...</i></td><td><i>... is equal to ...</i></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><th colspan="2"> </th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span>Imperial/US units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span><span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001220000000000000♠"></span>22 <a href="/wiki/Yard_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yard (unit)">yd</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7001660000000000000♠"></span>66 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">ft</a></span>, <span class="nowrap"><span data-sort-value="7002100000000000000♠"></span>100 <a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">links</a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap">   </span><a href="/wiki/Metric_system" title="Metric system">Metric</a> (<a href="/wiki/SI" class="mw-redirect" title="SI">SI</a>) units</th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="nowrap">   </span>20.1168 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p>The <b>chain</b> (abbreviated <b>ch</b>) is a <a href="/wiki/Units_of_measurement" class="mw-redirect" title="Units of measurement">unit</a> of <a href="/wiki/Length" title="Length">length</a> equal to 66 <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a> (22 <a href="/wiki/Yard_(unit_of_length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Yard (unit of length)">yards</a>), used in both the <a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">US customary</a> and <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial</a> unit systems. It is subdivided into 100 <a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">links</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNBS1960-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are 10 chains in a <a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">furlong</a>, and 80 chains in one <a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute mile</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNBS1960-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In metric terms, it is 20.1168 <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">m</a> long.<sup id="cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-USNBS1960-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By extension, <b>chainage</b> (running distance) is the distance along a curved or straight survey line from a fixed commencing point, as given by an <a href="/wiki/Odometer" title="Odometer">odometer</a>. </p><p>The chain has been used since the early 17th century in England, and was brought by British settlers during the colonial period to other countries around the globe. In the United Kingdom, there were 80 chains to the mile, but until the early nineteenth century the <a href="/wiki/Mile#British_and_Irish_miles" title="Mile">Scottish and Irish customary miles</a> were longer than the <a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute mile</a>; consequently a Scots chain was about 74 (imperial) feet,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an Irish chain 84 feet. These longer chains became obsolete following the adoption of <a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">the imperial system of units</a> in 1824.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In India, "metric chains" of exactly 20 metres (65.62 feet) are used, along with fractions thereof.<sup id="cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punmia_etal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definition">Definition</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The UK statute chain is 22 yards, which is 66 feet (20.1168 m). This unit is a <a href="/wiki/Statute_measure" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute measure">statute measure</a> in the United Kingdom, defined in the <a href="/wiki/Weights_and_Measures_Act_1985" class="mw-redirect" title="Weights and Measures Act 1985">Weights and Measures Act 1985</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1985Act_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1985Act-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One link is a hundredth part of a chain, which is 7.92 inches (20.1168 cm).<sup id="cite_ref-Rankine_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The surveyor's chain first appears in an illustration in a Dutch map of 1607,<sup id="cite_ref-map_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-map-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and in an English book for surveyors of 1610.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1593 the <a href="/wiki/Mile#English_mile" title="Mile">English mile</a> was redefined by a statute of <a href="/wiki/Queen_Elizabeth_I" class="mw-redirect" title="Queen Elizabeth I">Queen Elizabeth I</a> as 5,280 feet, to tie in with <a href="/wiki/Composition_of_Yards_and_Perches" title="Composition of Yards and Perches">agricultural practice</a>. In 1620, the <a href="/wiki/Polymath" title="Polymath">polymath</a> <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gunter" title="Edmund Gunter">Edmund Gunter</a> developed a method of accurately surveying land using a surveyor's chain 66 feet long with 100 links.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 66-foot unit, which was four perches or rods,<sup id="cite_ref-Slater&Saunders_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Slater&Saunders-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> took on the name the chain. By 1675 it was accepted, and <a href="/wiki/John_Ogilby" title="John Ogilby">Ogilby</a> wrote: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p> ...a Word or two of Dimensurators or Measuring Instruments, whereof the mosts usual has been the Chain, and the common length for English Measures 4 Poles, as answering indifferently to the Englishs Mile and Acre, 10 such Chains in length making a Furlong, and 10 single square Chains an Acre, so that a square Mile contains 640 square Acres...'<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>John Ogilby, <i><a href="/wiki/Britannia_(atlas)" title="Britannia (atlas)">Britannia</a></i>, 1675</cite></div></blockquote> <p>From <a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's system</a>, the chain and the <a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">link</a> became standard surveyors' units of length and crossed to the colonies. The thirteen states of America were expanding westward and the public land had to be surveyed for a <a href="/wiki/Cadastral" class="mw-redirect" title="Cadastral">cadastral</a>. In 1784 <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson" title="Thomas Jefferson">Thomas Jefferson</a> wrote a report for the <a href="/wiki/Continental_Congress" title="Continental Congress">Continental Congress</a> proposing the <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785#History" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">rectangular survey system</a>; it was adopted with some changes as the <a href="/wiki/Land_Ordinance_of_1785" title="Land Ordinance of 1785">Land Ordinance of 1785</a> on 20 May the following year. In the report, the use of the chain as a unit of measurement was mandated, and the chain was defined.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazier_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>The chain is the unit of linear measurement for the survey of the public lands as prescribed by law. All returns of measurement in the rectangular system are made in the true horizontal distance in links, chains, and miles. The only exceptions to this rule are special requirements for measurement in feet in mineral surveys and townsite surveys.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazier_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Linear Measurement </p> <dl><dd>1 Chain = 100 links or 66 feet</dd> <dd>1 Mile = 80 chains or 5,280 feet</dd></dl> <p>Area Measurement </p> <dl><dd>1 Acre = 10 square chains or 43,560 square feet</dd> <dd>1 square mile = 640 acres<div class="templatequotecite">— <cite>Lola Cazier (1976), <i>Surveys and Surveyors of the Public Domain 1785-1975</i>, page 15</cite></div></dd></dl></blockquote> <p><br /> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Modern_use_and_historic_cultural_references">Modern use and historic cultural references</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Modern use and historic cultural references"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">Milestone</a> and <a href="/wiki/Linear_referencing" title="Linear referencing">Linear referencing</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Kingdom">United Kingdom</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: United Kingdom"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg/220px-Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg/330px-Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg/440px-Bridge_miles_and_chains.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1368" data-file-height="1013" /></a><figcaption>Location marker painted on a British railway bridge, showing 112 miles and 63 chains; photograph taken August 2007</figcaption></figure> <p>In the United Kingdom, the chain is no longer used for practical survey work.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is still used on the railways as a location identifier. When railways were designed, the location of features such as bridges and stations was indicated by a cumulative longitudinal "mileage", using miles and chains, from a zero point at the origin or headquarters of the railway, or the originating junction of a new branch line. Since railways are linear in topology, the "mileage" or "chainage" is sufficient to identify a place uniquely on any given route. Thus, a given bridge location may be indicated as 112 miles and 63 chains (181.51 km) from the origin. In the case of the photograph, the bridge is near <a href="/wiki/Keynsham" title="Keynsham">Keynsham</a>, which is that distance from <a href="/wiki/London_Paddington_station" title="London Paddington station">London Paddington station</a>. The indication "MLN" after the mileage is the <a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_Line_Reference" title="Engineer's Line Reference">Engineer's Line Reference</a> describing the route as the <a href="/wiki/Great_Western_Main_Line" title="Great Western Main Line">Great Western Main Line</a>, which is needed to uniquely determine the bridge, as there may be points at 112 miles 63 chains on other routes. </p><p>On new railway lines built in the United Kingdom such as <a href="/wiki/High_Speed_1" title="High Speed 1">High Speed 1</a>, the position along the alignment is still referred to as "chainage", although the value is now expressed in metres.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="North_America">North America</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: North America"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The use of the chain was mandatory in laying out US townships.<sup id="cite_ref-Cazier_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Cazier-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A federal law was passed in 1785 (the <a href="/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System" title="Public Land Survey System">Public Land Survey Ordinance</a>) that all official government surveys must be done with a Gunter's (surveyor's) chain. Chains and links are commonly encountered in older <a href="/wiki/Metes_and_bounds" title="Metes and bounds">metes and bounds</a> legal descriptions. Distances on township <a href="/wiki/Plat" title="Plat">plat</a> maps made by the US General Land Office are shown in chains. </p><p>Under the US <a href="/wiki/Public_Land_Survey_System" title="Public Land Survey System">Public Land Survey System</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lot_(real_estate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Lot (real estate)">parcels of land</a> are often described in terms of the <a href="/wiki/Section_(United_States_land_surveying)" title="Section (United States land surveying)">section</a> (640 acres or 259 hectares), quarter-section (160 acres or 64.7 hectares), and quarter-quarter-section (40 acres or 16.19 hectares). Respectively, these square divisions of land are approximately 80 chains (one mile or 1.6 km), 40 chains (half a mile or 800 m), and 20 chains (a quarter mile or 400 m) on a side. </p><p>The chain is still used in agriculture: measuring wheels with a circumference of 0.1 chain (diameter ≈ 2.1 ft or 64 cm) are still readily available in Canada and the United States. For a rectangular tract, multiplying the number of turns of a chain wheel for each of two adjacent sides and dividing by 1,000 gives the area in acres. </p><p>In Canada, road allowances were originally 1 chain wide and are now 20 metres.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The unit was also used in mapping the United States along train routes in the 19th century. <a href="/wiki/Railroad" class="mw-redirect" title="Railroad">Railroads</a> in the United States have long since <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="The time period mentioned near this tag is ambiguous. (July 2018)">when?</span></a></i>]</sup> used <a href="/wiki/Decimal" title="Decimal">decimal</a> fractions of a mile. Some subways such as the <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway" title="New York City Subway">New York City Subway</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Washington_Metro" title="Washington Metro">Washington Metro</a> were designed with and continue with a <a href="/wiki/New_York_City_Subway_chaining" title="New York City Subway chaining">chaining system</a> using the 100-foot <a href="/wiki/Engineer%27s_chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Engineer's chain">engineer's chain</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-ERA_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ERA-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the United States, the chain is also used as the measure of the rate of spread of wildfires (chains per hour), both in the predictive <a href="/wiki/National_Fire_Danger_Rating_System" title="National Fire Danger Rating System">National Fire Danger Rating System</a> as well as in after-action reports. The term <i>chain</i> is used by wildland firefighters in day-to-day operations as a unit of distance.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Australia_and_New_Zealand">Australia and New Zealand</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Australia and New Zealand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In <a href="/wiki/Australia" title="Australia">Australia</a> and <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand" title="New Zealand">New Zealand</a>, most building lots in the past were a quarter of an acre, measuring one chain by two and a half chains, and other lots would be multiples or fractions of a chain.<sup id="cite_ref-Seddon1998_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seddon1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The street <a href="/wiki/Frontage" title="Frontage">frontages</a> of many houses in these countries are one chain wide—roads were almost always 1 chain (20.1 m) wide in urban areas,<sup id="cite_ref-Seddon1998_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Seddon1998-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> sometimes 1.5 chains (30.2 m) or 2.5 chains (50.3 m). Laneways would be half a chain (10.1 m). In rural areas the roads were wider, up to 10 chains (201.2 m) where a <a href="/wiki/Stock_route" title="Stock route">stock route</a> was required. 5 chains (100.6 m) roads were surveyed as major roads or highways between larger towns, 3 chains (60.4 m) roads between smaller localities,<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and 2 chains (40.2 m) roads were local roads in farming communities. Roads named Three Chain Road etc. persist today.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The "Queen's Chain" is a concept that has long existed in New Zealand, of a strip of public land, usually 20 metres (or one chain in pre-metric measure) wide from the high water mark, that has been set aside for public use along the coast, around many lakes, and along all or part of many rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> These strips exist in various forms (including road reserves, esplanade reserves, esplanade strips, marginal strips and reserves of various types) but not as extensively and consistently as is often assumed.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cricket_pitches">Cricket pitches</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Cricket pitches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The chain also survives as the length of a <a href="/wiki/Cricket_pitch" title="Cricket pitch">cricket pitch</a>, being the distance between the stumps.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Measuring_instruments">Measuring instruments</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Measuring instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Civil engineers and surveyors use various instruments including chains to measure distance.<sup id="cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punmia_etal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other instruments used for measuring distance include tapes and bands. A steel band is also known as a "band chain".<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Surveyors'_chain_(Gunter's_chain)"><span id="Surveyors.27_chain_.28Gunter.27s_chain.29"></span>Surveyors' chain (Gunter's chain)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Surveyors' chain (Gunter's chain)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's chain</a></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Gunter's_chain"></span> In 1620, the polymath <a href="/wiki/Edmund_Gunter" title="Edmund Gunter">Edmund Gunter</a> developed a method of accurately surveying land using a 100 link chain, 22 yards (66 feet) long, called the <a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_Chain" class="mw-redirect" title="Gunter's Chain">Gunter's Chain</a>. <a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain#Similar_measuring_chains" title="Gunter's chain">Other surveyors chains</a> have been used historically. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Engineer's_chain_(Ramsden's_chain)"><span id="Engineer.27s_chain_.28Ramsden.27s_chain.29"></span>Engineer's chain (Ramsden's chain)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Engineer's chain (Ramsden's chain)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Ramsden's_chain_(engineer's_chain)"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Ramsden_surveying_instruments#Chains_and_rods" title="Ramsden surveying instruments">Ramsden surveying instruments § Chains and rods</a></div> <p>A longer chain of 100 feet (30.5 m), with a hundred 1 foot (305 mm) links, was devised in the UK in the late 18th century by <a href="/wiki/Ramsden_surveying_instruments" title="Ramsden surveying instruments">Jesse Ramsden</a>, though it never supplanted Gunter's chain.<sup id="cite_ref-Rankine_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Rankine-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Surveyors also sometimes used such a device, and called it the <i>engineer's chain</i>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Vara_or_Texas_chain"><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Vara</i></span> or Texas chain</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Vara or Texas chain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/Southwestern_United_States" title="Southwestern United States">Southwestern United States</a>, the <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">vara</i></span> chain</i> also called the <i>Texas chain</i>, of 20 <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/Spanish_customary_units#Vara_(unit_of_length)" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish customary units">varas</a></i></span> (16.9164 m , or <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1154941027">.mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);clip-path:polygon(0px 0px,0px 0px,0px 0px);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}</style><span class="frac">55<span class="sr-only">+</span><span class="num">1</span>⁄<span class="den">2</span></span> ft) was used in surveying <a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">Spanish</a> and later <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Republic" title="First Mexican Republic">Mexican</a> land grants, such as the major <a href="/wiki/Fisher%E2%80%93Miller_Land_Grant" title="Fisher–Miller Land Grant">Fisher–Miller</a> and <a href="/wiki/Paisano_Grant" title="Paisano Grant">Paisano Grants</a> in Texas, <a href="/wiki/Land_grants_in_New_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Land grants in New Mexico">several similarly large ones in New Mexico</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Ranchos_of_California" title="Ranchos of California">over 200 smaller <span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">ranchos</i></span> in California</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Metric_chains">Metric chains</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Metric chains"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Metric chains, of lengths 5 m, 10 m, 20 m and 30 m, are widely used in India.<sup id="cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Punmia_etal-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Tolerances are ±3 mm for 5 m and 10 m chains, ±5 mm for a 20 m chain, and ±8 mm for a 30 m chain.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Revenue_chain">Revenue chain</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Revenue chain"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In India, a revenue chain with 16 links and of length 10 m (33 ft) is used in <a href="/wiki/Cadastral_surveying" title="Cadastral surveying">cadastral surveys</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_instruments">Other instruments</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Other instruments"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Also in North America, a variant of the chain is used in <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> for <a href="/wiki/Traverse_(surveying)" title="Traverse (surveying)">traverse surveys</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> This modern chain is a static cord (thin rope) 50 metres long, marked with a small tag at each metre, and also marked in the first metre every <a href="/wiki/Decimetre" title="Decimetre">decimetre</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> When working in dense bush, a short <a href="/wiki/Axe#Axes_designed_to_cut_or_shape_wood" title="Axe">axe</a> or <a href="/wiki/Hatchet" title="Hatchet">hatchet</a> is commonly tied to the end of the chain, and thrown through the bush in the direction of the traverse.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="What is it called? (July 2018)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Another version used extensively in <a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">forestry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Surveying" title="Surveying">surveying</a> is the <i>hip-chain</i>: a small box containing a string counter, worn on the hip.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2018)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> The user ties off the spooled string to a stake or tree and the counter tallies distance as the user walks away in a straight line. These instruments are available in both <a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">feet</a> and <a href="/wiki/Metre" title="Metre">metres</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Use_in_popular_culture">Use in popular culture</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Use in popular culture"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The lyrics of <a href="/wiki/Three_Chain_Road" title="Three Chain Road">Three Chain Road</a>, by <a href="/wiki/Lee_Kernaghan" title="Lee Kernaghan">Lee Kernaghan</a>, include the line "He lived out on the three chain road" which is the name of many Australian roads; referring to the width of the road reserve.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFJamesJames1992" class="citation book cs1">James, Robert C.; James, Glenn (1992). <i>Mathematics Dictionary</i>. New York: Chapman & Hall. p. 453. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780412990410" title="Special:BookSources/9780412990410"><bdi>9780412990410</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Mathematics+Dictionary&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=453&rft.pub=Chapman+%26+Hall&rft.date=1992&rft.isbn=9780412990410&rft.aulast=James&rft.aufirst=Robert+C.&rft.au=James%2C+Glenn&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-USNBS1960-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-USNBS1960_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1">"6 Tables of Interrelation of Units of Measurement". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/nistpubs/Legacy/MP/nbsmiscellaneouspub214.pdf"><i>Units of Weight and Measure (United States Customary and Metric): Definitions and Tables of Equivalents</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. U.S. Department of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards. 1960. pp. 8–9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=6+Tables+of+Interrelation+of+Units+of+Measurement&rft.btitle=Units+of+Weight+and+Measure+%28United+States+Customary+and+Metric%29%3A+Definitions+and+Tables+of+Equivalents&rft.pages=8-9&rft.pub=U.S.+Department+of+Commerce%2C+National+Bureau+of+Standards&rft.date=1960&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnvlpubs.nist.gov%2Fnistpubs%2FLegacy%2FMP%2Fnbsmiscellaneouspub214.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span> (PDF)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSmeaton1837" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Smeaton" title="John Smeaton">Smeaton, John</a> (1837). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportslatejohn00smeagoog"><i>Reports of the Late John Smeaton, F.R.S.</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: M Taylor. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reportslatejohn00smeagoog/page/n354">308</a>. <q>Since the foregoing Report [on the best route for the <a href="/wiki/Forth_and_Clyde_Canal" title="Forth and Clyde Canal">Forth and Clyde Canal</a>] ... was delivered ... , Mr Smeaton has discovered that, notwithstanding the care and pains he took to be correct, he has committed an error, in supposing the Scotch chain, with which the measures of the length of the tract of land were taken, to consist of seventy feet each, whereas, in reality, it consists of seventy-four</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reports+of+the+Late+John+Smeaton%2C+F.R.S.&rft.place=London&rft.pages=308&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=M+Taylor&rft.date=1837&rft.aulast=Smeaton&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freportslatejohn00smeagoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_John_Macquorn_Rankine1863" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a> (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng05rankgoog"><i>A Manual of Civil Engineering</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: Griffin Bohn & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng05rankgoog/page/n368">3</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Civil+Engineering&rft.place=London&rft.pages=3&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Griffin+Bohn+%26+Company&rft.date=1863&rft.au=William+John+Macquorn+Rankine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famanualcivileng05rankgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Punmia_etal-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Punmia_etal_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPunmiaJainJain2003" class="citation book cs1">Punmia, B. C.; Jain, A. K.; Jain, A. K. (2003). <i>Basic civil engineering</i>. New Delhi: Laxmi Publications. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788170084037" title="Special:BookSources/9788170084037"><bdi>9788170084037</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/1006316184">1006316184</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Basic+civil+engineering&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=Laxmi+Publications&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F1006316184&rft.isbn=9788170084037&rft.aulast=Punmia&rft.aufirst=B.+C.&rft.au=Jain%2C+A.+K.&rft.au=Jain%2C+A.+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-1985Act-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1985Act_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/1985/72/schedule/1/part/VI">"Weights and Measures Act 1985"</a>. <i>Legislation.gov.uk</i>. Sch 1, Part VI<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Legislation.gov.uk&rft.atitle=Weights+and+Measures+Act+1985&rft.pages=Sch+1%2C+Part+VI&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.legislation.gov.uk%2Fukpga%2F1985%2F72%2Fschedule%2F1%2Fpart%2FVI&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Rankine-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Rankine_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Rankine_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_John_Macquorn_Rankine1863" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/William_John_Macquorn_Rankine" class="mw-redirect" title="William John Macquorn Rankine">William John Macquorn Rankine</a> (1863). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng05rankgoog"><i>A Manual of Civil Engineering</i></a> (2nd ed.). London: Griffin Bohn & Company. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/amanualcivileng05rankgoog/page/n38">18</a>–19.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+Manual+of+Civil+Engineering&rft.place=London&rft.pages=18-19&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Griffin+Bohn+%26+Company&rft.date=1863&rft.au=William+John+Macquorn+Rankine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Famanualcivileng05rankgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-map-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-map_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCorneliisz_van_Alckmaer" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Corneliisz van Alckmaer, Pieter. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.regionaalarchiefalkmaar.nl/collecties/beelden/beelden-2/detail/9a5bede0-ce28-4584-9494-06c0abef1af9">"<span class="cs1-kern-left"></span>"Caerte vande gheleghentheyt van de Beemster met de landen die daeromme ende aengheleghen zijn, na rechte landmetersch conste op perfecte maet aldus ghestelt door Pieter Cornelisz. Cort van Alckmaer, ghesworen landmeter, anno 1607". Het Schermereiland met links een deel van de onbedijkte Schermer en rechts de onbedijkte Beemster"</a>. <i>Regional Archive, Alkmaar</i> (in Dutch)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Regional+Archive%2C+Alkmaar&rft.atitle=%22Caerte+vande+gheleghentheyt+van+de+Beemster+met+de+landen+die+daeromme+ende+aengheleghen+zijn%2C+na+rechte+landmetersch+conste+op+perfecte+maet+aldus+ghestelt+door+Pieter+Cornelisz.+Cort+van+Alckmaer%2C+ghesworen+landmeter%2C+anno+1607%22.+Het+Schermereiland+met+links+een+deel+van+de+onbedijkte+Schermer+en+rechts+de+onbedijkte+Beemster.&rft.aulast=Corneliisz+van+Alckmaer&rft.aufirst=Pieter&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.regionaalarchiefalkmaar.nl%2Fcollecties%2Fbeelden%2Fbeelden-2%2Fdetail%2F9a5bede0-ce28-4584-9494-06c0abef1af9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">"Chain (5)". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/the-oxford-english-dictionary-1933-all-volumes/The%20Oxford%20English%20Dictionary%20Volume%202/page/248/mode/1up"><i>The Oxford English Dictionary - 1933 - All Volumes</i></a>. <i>Oxford English Dictionary</i>. Vol. 2. 1933. p. 248. <q>1610 W. F<span class="smallcaps"><span style="font-variant: small-caps; text-transform: lowercase;">OLKINGHAM</span></span>, <i>Art Survey.</i></q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Oxford+English+Dictionary+-+1933+-+All+Volumes&rft.btitle=Oxford+English+Dictionary&rft.pages=248&rft.date=1933&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fthe-oxford-english-dictionary-1933-all-volumes%2FThe%2520Oxford%2520English%2520Dictionary%2520Volume%25202%2Fpage%2F248%2Fmode%2F1up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/Biographies/Gunter.html">"Gunter biography"</a>. <i>www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk&rft.atitle=Gunter+biography&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww-history.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk%2FBiographies%2FGunter.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Slater&Saunders-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Slater&Saunders_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSlaterSaunders" class="citation web cs1">Slater, Michael; Saunders, Ian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.northcravenheritage.org.uk/nchtjournal/Journals/2006/RodsPolesPerches/RodsPolesPerches.html">"Rods, poles and perches"</a>. <i>www.northcravenheritage.org.uk</i>. North Craven Heritage Journal<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.northcravenheritage.org.uk&rft.atitle=Rods%2C+poles+and+perches&rft.aulast=Slater&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.au=Saunders%2C+Ian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.northcravenheritage.org.uk%2Fnchtjournal%2FJournals%2F2006%2FRodsPolesPerches%2FRodsPolesPerches.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fulltable.com/vts/m/map/ogilby/a/SH947.jpg">"Preface"</a>. <i>Britannia</i>. 1675 – via Fulltable.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Preface&rft.btitle=Britannia&rft.date=1675&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.fulltable.com%2Fvts%2Fm%2Fmap%2Fogilby%2Fa%2FSH947.jpg&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cazier-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Cazier_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cazier_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Cazier_13-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCazier" class="citation web cs1">Cazier, Lola. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ntc.blm.gov/krc/uploads/538/Sur_Sur_Pub_Dom.pdf">"Surveys and Surveyors of the Public Domain 1785-1975"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. US Government. p. 22. Stock Number 024-041-00083-6<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 July</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Surveys+and+Surveyors+of+the+Public+Domain+1785-1975&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=US+Government&rft.aulast=Cazier&rft.aufirst=Lola&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ntc.blm.gov%2Fkrc%2Fuploads%2F538%2FSur_Sur_Pub_Dom.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Plane and Geodetic Surveying, A.L. Johnson (SPON)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://assets.dft.gov.uk/publications/hs2-maps-20120110/hs2arp00drrw05022issue4.pdf">HS2 proposed alignment with chainages expressed in metres</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLakey2017" class="citation news cs1">Lakey, Jack (21 June 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thestar.com/yourtoronto/the_fixer/2017/06/21/turns-out-there-is-a-standard-to-determine-where-a-homeowners-property-ends-the-fixer.html">"Turns out there is a standard to determine where a homeowner's property ends: The Fixer"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Toronto_Star" title="Toronto Star">Toronto Star</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 June</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Toronto+Star&rft.atitle=Turns+out+there+is+a+standard+to+determine+where+a+homeowner%27s+property+ends%3A+The+Fixer&rft.date=2017-06-21&rft.aulast=Lakey&rft.aufirst=Jack&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thestar.com%2Fyourtoronto%2Fthe_fixer%2F2017%2F06%2F21%2Fturns-out-there-is-a-standard-to-determine-where-a-homeowners-property-ends-the-fixer.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ERA-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-ERA_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://issuu.com/erausa/docs/2017-01-bulletin">"The ERA Bulletin 2017-01"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Issuu" title="Issuu">Issuu</a></i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Landprints%3A+Reflections+on+Place+and+Landscape&rft.pages=151-&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1998-09-28&rft.isbn=978-0-521-65999-4&rft.au=George+Seddon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DZIAR6EvER2AC%26pg%3DPA151&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLay2008" class="citation web cs1">Lay, M. G. (July 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.emelbourne.net.au/biogs/EM01255b.htm">"Roads"</a>. <i>emelbourne the city past and present</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 May</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=emelbourne+the+city+past+and+present&rft.atitle=Roads&rft.date=2008-07&rft.aulast=Lay&rft.aufirst=M.+G.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.emelbourne.net.au%2Fbiogs%2FEM01255b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.realestate.com.au/sold/property-livestock-vic-kilmore-7908210">"375 THREE CHAIN ROAD, Kilmore, Vic 3764 - Property Details"</a>. <i>www.realestate.com.au</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 August</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.bonzle.com&rft.atitle=Map+of+Three+Chain+Road+in+Queensland+-+Bonzle+Digital+Atlas+of+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bonzle.com%2Fc%2Fa%3Fa%3Dp%26p%3D173789%26cmd%3Dsp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180808172201/https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/queen%27s_chain">"Queen's Chain"</a>. Oxford Dictionaries – oxforddictionaries.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://en.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/queen%27s_chain">the original</a> on August 8, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Queen%27s+Chain&rft.pub=Oxford+Dictionaries+%E2%80%93+oxforddictionaries.com&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fen.oxforddictionaries.com%2Fdefinition%2Fqueen%2527s_chain&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1&objectid=3517579">"Truth behind the Queen's Chain"</a>. NZ Herald. 12 August 2003<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 July</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Truth+behind+the+Queen%27s+Chain&rft.pub=NZ+Herald&rft.date=2003-08-12&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzherald.co.nz%2Fnz%2Fnews%2Farticle.cfm%3Fc_id%3D1%26objectid%3D3517579&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/law-of-the-foreshore-and-seabed/page-3">"Te Ara, Encyclopedia of New Zealand"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%2C+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Flaw-of-the-foreshore-and-seabed%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.espncricinfo.com/story/_/id/23233624/the-measurements-cricket">"The measurements of cricket"</a>. <i>ESPN Cricinfo</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=ESPN+Cricinfo&rft.atitle=The+measurements+of+cricket&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.espncricinfo.com%2Fstory%2F_%2Fid%2F23233624%2Fthe-measurements-cricket&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zpcg4j6/revision/2">"Cricket - factfile"</a>. <i>BBC Bitesize</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">19 February</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+Bitesize&rft.atitle=Cricket+-+factfile&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fbitesize%2Fguides%2Fzpcg4j6%2Frevision%2F2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theconstructor.org/surveying/types-of-chains-surveying/13889/">Types of Chains used in Surveying, Their Parts, Testing and Advantages</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBhavikatti2008" class="citation book cs1">Bhavikatti, S. S. (2008). "Chain Surveying". <i>Surveying and levelling</i>. Vol. 1. New Delhi: IK International. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9788190694209" title="Special:BookSources/9788190694209"><bdi>9788190694209</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/660131493">660131493</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Chain+Surveying&rft.btitle=Surveying+and+levelling&rft.place=New+Delhi&rft.pub=IK+International&rft.date=2008&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F660131493&rft.isbn=9788190694209&rft.aulast=Bhavikatti&rft.aufirst=S.+S.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AChain+%28unit%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.agriinfo.in/default.aspx?page=topic&superid=8&topicid=45">Instruments used in Surveying - Instruments Used for Measuring Distance</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://genius.com/Lee-kernaghan-three-chain-road-lyrics">Lee Kernaghan - Three Chain Road lyrics</a></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100618055137/http://pballew.net/arithm16.html#gunter">Math Words</a></li></ul> <div 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.navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Forestry_tools_and_equipment" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Forestry_tools" title="Template talk:Forestry tools"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Forestry tools"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Forestry_tools_and_equipment" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Forestry" title="Forestry">Forestry</a> <a href="/wiki/Tool" title="Tool">tools</a> and <a href="/wiki/Heavy_equipment" title="Heavy equipment">equipment</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tree_planting" title="Tree planting">Tree planting</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Afforestation" title="Afforestation">afforestation</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caulk_boots" title="Caulk boots">Caulk boots</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoe_(tool)#Types" title="Hoe (tool)">Hoedad</a> (hoedag)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groasis_Waterboxx" title="Groasis Waterboxx">Groasis Waterboxx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mattock" title="Mattock">Mattock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pottiputki" title="Pottiputki">Pottiputki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_trainer" title="Root trainer">Root trainer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seed_trap" title="Seed trap">Seed trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_planting_bar" title="Tree planting bar">Tree planting bar</a> (dibble bar)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_shelter" title="Tree shelter">Tree shelter</a> (Tuley tube)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_spade" title="Tree spade">Tree spade</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="7" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Using_a_DTApe.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Using_a_DTApe.JPG/70px-Using_a_DTApe.JPG" decoding="async" width="70" height="93" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Using_a_DTApe.JPG/105px-Using_a_DTApe.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ae/Using_a_DTApe.JPG/140px-Using_a_DTApe.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Tree_measurement" title="Tree measurement">Mensuration</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/3D_scanning" title="3D scanning">3D scanner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angle_gauge" title="Angle gauge">Angle gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biltmore_stick" title="Biltmore stick">Biltmore stick</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Other_instruments">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cruising_rod" title="Cruising rod">Cruising rod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diameter_tape" title="Diameter tape">Diameter tape</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemispherical_photography" title="Hemispherical photography">Hemispherical photography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inclinometer" title="Inclinometer">Inclinometer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Increment_borer" title="Increment borer">Increment borer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rangefinding_telemeter" class="mw-redirect" title="Rangefinding telemeter">Rangefinder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Laser_rangefinder" title="Laser rangefinder">laser</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtome" title="Microtome">Microtome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Relascope" title="Relascope">Relascope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_caliper" title="Tree caliper">Tree caliper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wedge_prism" title="Wedge prism">Wedge prism</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Wildfire_suppression_equipment_and_personnel" title="Wildfire suppression equipment and personnel">Fire suppression</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aerial_firefighting" title="Aerial firefighting">Aerial firefighting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DC-10_Air_Tanker" title="DC-10 Air Tanker">DC-10</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unmanned_aerial_vehicle#Forest_fire_detection" title="Unmanned aerial vehicle">UAVs</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Driptorch" title="Driptorch">Driptorch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_flapper_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fire flapper (tool)">Fire flapper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_rake" title="Fire rake">Fire rake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fire_retardant#Forest-fire_fighting" title="Fire retardant">Fire retardant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helitack" title="Helitack">Helitack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McLeod_(tool)" title="McLeod (tool)">McLeod</a> (rakehoe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pulaski_(tool)" title="Pulaski (tool)">Pulaski</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Axe" title="Axe">Axes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Billhook" title="Billhook">Billhook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Broadaxe" title="Broadaxe">Broadaxe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brush_hook" class="mw-redirect" title="Brush hook">Brush hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Froe" title="Froe">Froe</a> (shake axe)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatchet" title="Hatchet">Hatchet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Labrys" title="Labrys">Labrys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_splitter" title="Log splitter">Log splitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marking_axe" title="Marking axe">Marking axe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Splitting_maul" title="Splitting maul">Splitting maul</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Saw" title="Saw">Saws</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bow_saw" title="Bow saw">Bow saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bucksaw" title="Bucksaw">Bucksaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw" title="Chainsaw">Chainsaw</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_safety_clothing" title="Chainsaw safety clothing">safety clothing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_safety_features" title="Chainsaw safety features">safety features</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crosscut_saw" title="Crosscut saw">Crosscut saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dragsaw" title="Dragsaw">Dragsaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Head_saw" title="Head saw">Head saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lumber_edger" title="Lumber edger">Lumber edger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polesaw" title="Polesaw">Polesaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portable_sawmill" title="Portable sawmill">Portable sawmill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Resaw" title="Resaw">Resaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Two-man_saw" title="Two-man saw">Two-man saw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whipsaw" title="Whipsaw">Whipsaw</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Logging" title="Logging">Logging</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cant_hook" title="Cant hook">Cant hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feller_buncher" title="Feller buncher">Feller buncher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forwarder" title="Forwarder">Forwarder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Go-devil" title="Go-devil">Go-devil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harvester_(forestry)" title="Harvester (forestry)">Harvester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heli-logging" title="Heli-logging">Helicopter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Logging_truck" title="Logging truck">Log truck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lombard_Steam_Log_Hauler" title="Lombard Steam Log Hauler">Lombard Steam Log Hauler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peavey_(tool)" class="mw-redirect" title="Peavey (tool)">Peavey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pickaroon" title="Pickaroon">Pickaroon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pike_pole" title="Pike pole">Pike pole</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skid_cone" title="Skid cone">Skid cone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skidder" title="Skidder">Skidder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Winch" title="Washington Winch">Washington Winch</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_donkey" title="Steam donkey">Steam donkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yarder" title="Yarder">Yarder</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Swing_yarder" title="Swing yarder">swing</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Denailer" title="Denailer">Denailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Firewood_processor" title="Firewood processor">Firewood processor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forest_railway" title="Forest railway">Forest railway</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Forestry_mulching" title="Forestry mulching">Forestry mulcher</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_compass" title="Hand compass">Hand compass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hook_(hand_tool)#Forestry_hook" title="Hook (hand tool)">Hand hook</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_debarker" title="Hydraulic debarker">Hydraulic debarker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_house_moulder" title="Log house moulder">Log house moulder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_pond" title="Log pond">Log pond</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Log_flume" title="Log flume">Log flume</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Machete" title="Machete">Machete</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stump_grinder" title="Stump grinder">Stump grinder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chainsaw_mill" title="Chainsaw mill">Chainsaw mill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tree_baler" title="Tree baler">Tree tyer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tsakat" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsakat">Tsakat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whoopie_sling" title="Whoopie sling">Whoopie sling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiln#Wood-drying_kiln" title="Kiln">Wood-drying kiln</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Woodchipper" title="Woodchipper">Woodchipper</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <b>Categories</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forestry_tools" title="Category:Forestry tools">tools</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Forestry_equipment" title="Category:Forestry equipment">equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons page"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span> <b>Commons</b> <ul><li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Forestry_tools" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Forestry tools">tools</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Forestry_machines" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Forestry machines">equipment</a></li></ul></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="WikiProject"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/16px-People_icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/24px-People_icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/37/People_icon.svg/32px-People_icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="100" data-file-height="100" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Forestry" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Forestry">WikiProject Forestry</a></li></ul> <div class="hlist"> <dl><dt><a href="/wiki/Template:Types_of_tools" title="Template:Types of tools">Types of tools</a></dt> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cleaning_tools" title="Template:Cleaning tools">Cleaning</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Cutting_and_abrasive_tools" title="Template:Cutting and abrasive tools">Cutting and abrasive</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Forestry_tools" title="Template:Forestry tools">Forestry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Garden_tools" title="Template:Garden tools">Garden</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Hand_tools" title="Template:Hand tools">Hand</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Kitchen_tools" title="Template:Kitchen tools">Kitchen</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Machine_and_metalworking_tools" title="Template:Machine and metalworking tools">Machine and metalworking</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Masonry_tools" title="Template:Masonry tools">Masonry</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Measuring_and_alignment_tools" title="Template:Measuring and alignment tools">Measuring and alignment</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Mining_equipment" title="Template:Mining equipment">Mining</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Power_tools" title="Template:Power tools">Power</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Textile_tools" title="Template:Textile tools">Textile</a></dd> <dd><a href="/wiki/Template:Woodworking" title="Template:Woodworking">Woodworking</a></dd></dl> </div> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Imperial_units" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Imperial_units" title="Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Imperial_units" title="Template talk:Imperial units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial_units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Imperial units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Imperial_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Imperial_units" title="Imperial units">Imperial units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with US customary system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Twip" title="Twip">Twip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barleycorn_(unit)" title="Barleycorn (unit)">Barleycorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">Fathom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gunter%27s_chain" title="Gunter's chain">Gunter's chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cable_length" title="Cable length">Cable</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nautical_mile" title="Nautical mile">Nautical mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/League_(unit)" title="League (unit)">League</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perch_(area)" class="mw-redirect" title="Perch (area)">Perch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rood_(unit)" title="Rood (unit)">Rood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hoppus" title="Hoppus">Hoppus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tmcft" title="Tmcft">Tmcft</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trade_gallon" title="Trade gallon">Trade gallon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chaldron" title="Chaldron">Chaldron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scruple_(unit)" title="Scruple (unit)">Fluid Scruple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Fluid Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stuck_(unit)" title="Stuck (unit)">Stuck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hogshead" title="Hogshead">Hogshead</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Drachm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound (mass)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stone_(unit)" title="Stone (unit)">Stone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quarter_(unit)" title="Quarter (unit)">Quarter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slug_(unit)" title="Slug (unit)">Slug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_hundred" title="Long hundred">Long hundred</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ship_load" title="Ship load">Ship load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Ton" class="mw-redirect" title="Long Ton">Ton</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Ksi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rankine_scale" title="Rankine scale">Rankine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-poundal" title="Foot-poundal">Foot-poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower-hour" title="Horsepower-hour">Horsepower-hour</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenning_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Kenning (unit)">Kenning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound (force)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Span_(unit)" title="Span (unit)">Span</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_units" title="English units">English units</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Winchester_measure" title="Winchester measure">Winchester</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchequer_Standards" title="Exchequer Standards">Exchequer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_units" class="mw-redirect" title="English Engineering units">English Engineering units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Foot–pound–second system">Foot–pound–second system (FPS)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-foot_equivalent_unit" title="Twenty-foot equivalent unit">Twenty-foot equivalent unit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="United_States_customary_units" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Template talk:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:United_States_Customary_Units" title="Special:EditPage/Template:United States Customary Units"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="United_States_customary_units" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/United_States_customary_units" title="United States customary units">United States customary units</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Comparison_of_the_imperial_and_US_customary_measurement_systems" title="Comparison of the imperial and US customary measurement systems">Comparison with imperial unit system</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Length</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Thousandth_of_an_inch" title="Thousandth of an inch">Thousandth of an inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inch" title="Inch">Inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hand_(unit)" title="Hand (unit)">Hand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Link_(unit)" title="Link (unit)">Link</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot_(unit)" title="Foot (unit)">Foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yard" title="Yard">Yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rod_(unit)" title="Rod (unit)">Rod</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Chain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Furlong" title="Furlong">Furlong</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mile" title="Mile">Mile</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Statute_mile" class="mw-redirect" title="Statute mile">statute</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Square_inch" title="Square inch">Square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_foot" title="Square foot">Square foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_yard" title="Square yard">Square yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre" title="Acre">Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Square_mile" title="Square mile">Square mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Volume</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derived</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_inch" title="Cubic inch">Cubic inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_foot" title="Cubic foot">Cubic foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_yard" title="Cubic yard">Cubic yard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cubic_mile" title="Cubic mile">Cubic mile</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Cooking</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teaspoon" title="Teaspoon">Teaspoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tablespoon" title="Tablespoon">Tablespoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fluid_ounce" title="Fluid ounce">Fluid ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cup_(unit)" title="Cup (unit)">Cup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pint" title="Pint">Pint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quart" title="Quart">Quart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gallon" title="Gallon">Gallon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Wood</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Board_foot" title="Board foot">Board foot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cord_(unit)" title="Cord (unit)">Cord</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Face_cord" title="Face cord">Face cord</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Minim_(unit)" title="Minim (unit)">Minim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gill_(unit)" title="Gill (unit)">Gill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peck" title="Peck">Peck</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bushel" title="Bushel">Bushel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel_(unit)" title="Barrel (unit)">Barrel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Acre-foot" title="Acre-foot">Acre-foot</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Speed</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Feet_per_second" class="mw-redirect" title="Feet per second">Feet per second</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miles_per_hour" title="Miles per hour">Miles per hour</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mass</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grain_(unit)" title="Grain (unit)">Grain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dram_(unit)" title="Dram (unit)">Dram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ounce" title="Ounce">Ounce</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(mass)" title="Pound (mass)">Pound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundredweight" title="Hundredweight">Hundredweight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton" title="Ton">Ton</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_ton" title="Long ton">Long</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Short_ton" title="Short ton">Short</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Force</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Poundal" title="Poundal">Poundal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound_(force)" title="Pound (force)">Pound-force</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kip_(unit)" title="Kip (unit)">Kip</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Pressure</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inch_of_mercury" title="Inch of mercury">Inch of mercury</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pounds_per_square_inch" class="mw-redirect" title="Pounds per square inch">Pounds per square inch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ksi_(unit)" class="mw-redirect" title="Ksi (unit)">Kilopounds per square inch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other units and measures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bolt_(cloth)" title="Bolt (cloth)">Bolt (cloth)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_thermal_unit" title="British thermal unit">British thermal unit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Degree_(angle)" title="Degree (angle)">Degree (angle)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-candle" title="Foot-candle">Foot-candle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-lambert" title="Foot-lambert">Foot-lambert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot-pound_(energy)" title="Foot-pound (energy)">Foot-pound (energy)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horsepower" title="Horsepower">Horsepower</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perm_(unit)" title="Perm (unit)">Perm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pound-foot_(torque)" title="Pound-foot (torque)">Pound-foot (torque)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spinning_count" title="Spinning count">Spinning count</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ton_of_refrigeration" title="Ton of refrigeration">Ton of refrigeration</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related systems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wire_gauge" title="American wire gauge">American wire gauge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Avoirdupois_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Avoirdupois system">Avoirdupois system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Body_jewelry_sizes" title="Body jewelry sizes">Body jewelry sizes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/English_Engineering_Units" title="English Engineering Units">English Engineering Units</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foot%E2%80%93pound%E2%80%93second_system_of_units" title="Foot–pound–second system of units">Foot–pound–second system of units</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&oldid=1248443209">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Chain_(unit)&oldid=1248443209</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Units_of_length" title="Category:Units of length">Units of length</a></li><li><a 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