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href="../zinc/chemistry.html">Zinc</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item d"><a class="pure-menu-link d" href="../zirconium/chemistry.html">Zirconium</a></li> </ul> </div> </div>  <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-open pure-menu-horizontal centre" role="navigation" style="background: #000 url(../_media/elements/discharge/Fr.png) repeat-y center; background-size:contain;"> <span><a class="pure-menu-heading" href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/webelements/"><img height="30" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements logo"></a> <a class="white" href="./">Francium - <sub>87</sub>Fr</a>  <audio id="myAudio_f"> <source src="../_media/elements/snds_f/Fr.mp3" type="audio/mpeg">Your user agent does not support the HTML5 Audio element. </audio> <button class="pure-button s_button" style=" display: inline;" type="button" onclick="audf_play_pause()"> 🔊  </button> <script> function audf_play_pause() { var myAudiof = document.getElementById("myAudio_f"); if (myAudiof.paused) { myAudiof.play(); } else { myAudiof.pause(); }} </script></span> </div> </div> </div> <div id="main">  <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <a href="#" class="pure-menu-link pure-menu-heading">▸▸</a> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇬🇧 Francium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇺🇦 Францій</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇨🇳 鈁</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇳🇱 Francium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇫🇷 Francium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇩🇪 Francium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇱 פרנסיום</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇮🇹 Francio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇯🇵 フランシウム</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇵🇹 Frâncio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇪🇸 Francio</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇸🇪 Francium</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">🇷🇺 Франций</li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <div class="google_navbar_positioning"> <form action="https://www.google.com" id="cse-search-box"> <div> <input type="hidden" name="cx" value="partner-pub-9334432533380510:6223510783"> <input type="hidden" name="ie" value="UTF-8"> <input type="text" name="q" size="28"> <input type="submit" name="sa" value="Search"> </div> </form> <script> </script> </div> </div> </div> <main> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1 pure-u-sm-1-1"> <h1 class="s">Francium - <sub><small>87</small></sub>Fr: reactions of elements</h1> <div class="pure-menu pure-menu-horizontal pure-menu-scrollable"> <ul class="pure-menu-list z_menu"> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a href="../francium/" class="pure-menu-link">▸▸ Fr Essentials</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/physics.html">Physical properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/atoms.html">Electron shell data</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/atom_sizes.html">Atom sizes</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/electronegativity.html">Electronegativity</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/isotopes.html" >Isotopes and NMR</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/crystal_structure.html">Crystal structure</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/thermochemistry.html">Thermochemistry</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/history.html">History</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/uses.html">Uses</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/geology.html">Geology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/biology.html">Biology</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/compounds.html">Binary compounds</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/compound_properties.html" >Compound properties</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/chemistry.html">Element reactions</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item s"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="../francium/contents.html">List all Fr properties</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="s">Reaction of francium with air</h2> <p class="p_first">So far as I know, nobody has ever assembled enough francium in one place to know for certain its appearance. It is probably a very soft, easily cut, solid metal, perhaps even a liquid at room temperature. A fresh francium surface would soon tarnish because of reaction with oxygen and moisture from the air. Were francium ever to be burned in air, the result is expected to be francium superoxide, FrO<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p class="equation">Fr(s) + O<sub>2</sub>(g) → FrO<sub>2</sub>(s)</p> <h2 class="s">Reaction of francium with water</h2> <p class="p_first">Francium is very scarce and expensive. It is umlikely that anyone has ever reacted the metal with water. However, given that all the other Group 1 elements react to form colourless solutions of the hydroxide and hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>), it would be strange were francium not to do the same. The resulting solution would be basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. The reaction would probably sbe faster than that of caesium - in other words dangerously quick.</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → 2FrOH(aq) + H<sub>2</sub></p> <h2 class="s">Reaction of francium with the halogens</h2> <p class="p_first">So far as I know, nobody has ever assembled enough francium in one place to carry out its reactions with halogens. However one can predict that francium metal would react vigorously with all the halogens to form francium halides. So, it would reacts with fluorine, F<sub>2</sub>, chlorine, Cl<sub>2</sub>, bromine, I<sub>2</sub>, and iodine, I<sub>2</sub>, to form respectively francium(I) bromide, FrF, francium(I) chloride, FrCl, francium(I) bromide, FrBr, and francium(I) iodide, FrI.</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + F<sub>2</sub>(g) → FrF(s)</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + Cl<sub>2</sub>(g) → FrCl(s)</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + Br<sub>2</sub>(g) → FrBr(s)</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + I<sub>2</sub>(g) → FrI(s)</p> <h2 class="s">Reaction of francium with acids</h2> <p class="p_first">I'm not sure this reaction has ever been done, but one would predict that francium metal will dissolve very readily in dilute sulphuric acid to form solutions containing the aquated Fr(I) ion together with hydrogen gas, H<sub>2</sub>.</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + H<sub>2</sub>SO<sub>4</sub>(aq) → 2Fr<sup>+</sup>(aq) + SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>(aq) + H<sub>2</sub>(g)</p> <h2 class="s">Reaction of francium with bases</h2> <p class="p_first">Francium is very scarce and expensive. It is umlikely that anyone has ever reacted the metal with water. However, given that all the other Group 1 elements react to form colourless basic solutions of the hydroxide and hydrogen gas (H<sub>2</sub>), it would be strange were francium not to do the same. The reaction would continue even when the solution becomes basic. The resulting solution would be basic because of the dissolved hydroxide. The reaction would probably sbe faster than that of caesium - in other words dangerously quick.</p> <p class="equation">2Fr(s) + 2H<sub>2</sub>O(l) → 2FrOH(aq) + H<sub>2</sub></p> </main> <div id="footer"> <footer> <div class="footer"> <div class="pure-g"> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Key properties</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/eneg_pauling/">Electronegativity </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/melting_point/">Melting point</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/density/">Density </a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/molar_volume/">Molar volume</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/ionis_energy_1/">Ionization energy (1st)</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/covalent_radius/">Covalent radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/metallic_radius/">Metallic radius</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/periodicity/abund_crust/">Abundance: earth's crust</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Shop</li> <li class="pure-menu-item">Sorry, shop closed</li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Social</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.facebook.com/webelements.periodic.table">Facebook</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://twitter.com/periodic_table">Twitter</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.pinterest.com/periodictable/">Pinterest</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="pure-u-1-2 pure-u-sm-1-2 pure-u-lg-1-4 pure-menu custom-restricted-width"> <ul class="pure-menu-list"> <li class="pure-menu-heading footer_h">Administration</li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/your-privacy/" title="Your privacy">Privacy</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/about-webelements/" title="About WebElements">About</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/" title="Copyright information about WebElements">Copyright</a></li> <li class="pure-menu-item"><a class="pure-menu-link" href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/acknowledgements/" title="Acknowledgements">Thanks...</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <address> <p> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/"><img class="logo_m" src="../_media/icons/logo_60.png" alt="WebElements home" /></a><br /> <strong>WebElements:</strong> THE periodic table on the WWW [<a href="https://www.webelements.com/">www.webelements.com</a>]<br /> <a href="https://www.webelements.com/nexus/webelements-and-copyright/">Copyright </a> 1993-2025 <a href="https://winter.group.shef.ac.uk/">Mark Winter</a> [ <a href="https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/chemistry/">The University of Sheffield </a> and WebElements Ltd, UK]. 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