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la sottosezione Fonti</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Fonti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Antichi_trattati_europei_di_organologia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Antichi_trattati_europei_di_organologia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Antichi trattati europei di organologia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Antichi_trattati_europei_di_organologia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organologi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organologi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Organologi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Organologi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div 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</div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Organologia</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 31 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-31" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">31 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%86%D9%88%D8%A9" title="علم الأرغنوة - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="علم الأرغنوة" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%C9%99t%C5%9F%C3%BCnasl%C4%B1q" title="Alətşünaslıq - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Alətşünaslıq" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Инструментознание - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Инструментознание" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologia" title="Organologia - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Organologia" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologie_(v%C4%9Bda_o_hudebn%C3%ADch_n%C3%A1stroj%C3%ADch)" title="Organologie (věda o hudebních nástrojích) - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Organologie (věda o hudebních nástrojích)" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musikinstrumentenkunde" title="Musikinstrumentenkunde - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Musikinstrumentenkunde" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9F%CF%81%CE%B3%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%BF%CE%BB%CE%BF%CE%B3%CE%AF%CE%B1" title="Οργανολογία - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Οργανολογία" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organology" title="Organology - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Organology" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentoscienco" title="Instrumentoscienco - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Instrumentoscienco" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organolog%C3%ADa" title="Organología - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Organología" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoloogia" title="Organoloogia - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Organoloogia" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B2%D8%B4%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%B3%DB%8C" title="سازشناسی - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="سازشناسی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologia" title="Organologia - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Organologia" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologie" title="Organologie - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Organologie" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organolox%C3%ADa" title="Organoloxía - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Organoloxía" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%92%D7%99%D7%94" title="אורגנולוגיה - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אורגנולוגיה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%B6%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="वाद्यशास्त्र - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="वाद्यशास्त्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92ganoloji" title="Òganoloji - creolo haitiano" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Òganoloji" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="creolo haitiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kreyòl ayisyen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B5%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%AA%D5%B7%D5%BF%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B6_%D5%A3%D5%B8%D6%80%D5%AE%D5%AB%D6%84%D5%A1%D5%A3%D5%AB%D5%BF%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%A9%D5%B5%D5%B8%D6%82%D5%B6" title="Երաժշտական գործիքագիտություն - armeno" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Երաժշտական գործիքագիտություն" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilmu_alat_muzik" title="Ilmu alat muzik - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Ilmu alat muzik" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologie_(muziek)" title="Organologie (muziek) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Organologie (muziek)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumentologia" title="Instrumentologia - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Instrumentologia" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organologia" title="Organologia - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Organologia" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rsk mw-list-item"><a href="https://rsk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D2%91%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D2%91%D0%B8%D1%8F" title="Орґанолоґия - Pannonian Rusyn" lang="rsk" hreflang="rsk" data-title="Орґанолоґия" data-language-autonym="Руски" data-language-local-name="Pannonian Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Руски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Инструментоведение - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Инструментоведение" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organol%C3%B3gia_(hudba)" title="Organológia (hudba) - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Organológia (hudba)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0" title="Органологија - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Органологија" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organolohiya" title="Organolohiya - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Organolohiya" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organoloji" title="Organoloji - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Organoloji" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%86%D0%BD%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Інструментознавство - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Інструментознавство" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nh%E1%BA%A1c_c%E1%BB%A5_h%E1%BB%8Dc" title="Nhạc cụ học - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhạc cụ học" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bc/Nota_disambigua.svg/36px-Nota_disambigua.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="200" data-file-height="200" /></span></span> <span class="hatnote-text"><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Disambiguazione" title="Aiuto:Disambiguazione">Disambiguazione</a> – Se stai cercando la teoria pseudoscientifica di <a href="/wiki/Franz_Joseph_Gall" title="Franz Joseph Gall">Franz Joseph Gall</a> sulla forma del cranio, vedi <b><a href="/wiki/Frenologia" title="Frenologia">Frenologia</a></b>.</span></div> </div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png/220px-Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="210" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png/330px-Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png/440px-Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png 2x" data-file-width="461" data-file-height="440" /></a><figcaption>Praetorius, "<a href="/wiki/Syntagma_musicum" title="Syntagma musicum">Syntagma musicum</a>", tavola con alcuni <a href="/wiki/Flauto_dolce" title="Flauto dolce">flauti a becco</a> <a href="/wiki/Barocco" title="Barocco">barocchi</a>.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Praetorius_bassoons.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Praetorius_bassoons.jpg/250px-Praetorius_bassoons.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="317" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Praetorius_bassoons.jpg/330px-Praetorius_bassoons.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Praetorius_bassoons.jpg 2x" data-file-width="348" data-file-height="501" /></a><figcaption>Praetorius, "<a href="/wiki/Syntagma_musicum" title="Syntagma musicum">Syntagma musicum</a>", tavola con alcuni <a href="/wiki/Fagotto" title="Fagotto">fagotti</a> antichi.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Leon_Theremin.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Leon_Theremin.jpg/250px-Leon_Theremin.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="205" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/71/Leon_Theremin.jpg/330px-Leon_Theremin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="841" data-file-height="1152" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9on_Theremin" class="mw-redirect" title="Léon Theremin">Léon Theremin</a>, 1924</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/150px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg" decoding="async" width="150" height="113" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/225px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg/300px-Harry_Partch_Institute-3.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3648" data-file-height="2736" /></a><figcaption>Quadrangularus Reversum, <a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a> ±1960</figcaption></figure> <p>L'<b>organologia</b> è la <a href="/wiki/Scienza" title="Scienza">scienza</a> che studia gli <a href="/wiki/Strumenti_musicali" class="mw-redirect" title="Strumenti musicali">strumenti musicali</a>, indagandone <a href="/wiki/Storia" title="Storia">storia</a>, caratteristiche <a href="/wiki/Acustica" title="Acustica">acustiche</a> e <a href="/wiki/Meccanica_(fisica)" title="Meccanica (fisica)">meccaniche</a>, tecniche costruttive e prassi esecutive. </p><p>Il termine deriva dal greco ὄργανον (= utensile, strumento, strumento musicale) ed è stato usato per la prima volta da <a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a> nel suo trattato <i><a href="/wiki/Syntagma_musicum" title="Syntagma musicum">Syntagma musicum</a></i>, del 1618. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Descrizione">Descrizione</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Descrizione" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Descrizione"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Solo alla fine dell'Ottocento <a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor-Charles_Mahillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor-Charles Mahillon (la pagina non esiste)">Victor-Charles Mahillon</a> (1880-1922) sviluppò, sulla base degli studi di <a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois-Auguste_Gevaert" title="François-Auguste Gevaert">François-Auguste Gevaert</a> (1828-1908), una classificazione quadripartita, perfezionata poi da <a href="/w/index.php?title=Eric_Moritz_von_Hornbostel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eric Moritz von Hornbostel (la pagina non esiste)">Eric Moritz von Hornbostel</a> e <a href="/wiki/Curt_Sachs" title="Curt Sachs">Curt Sachs</a> nel 1914. Le cinque classi organologiche, determinate sulla base del materiale responsabile della produzione del suono, sono: 1) <a href="/wiki/Cordofoni" title="Cordofoni">cordofoni</a>, 2) <a href="/wiki/Aerofoni" title="Aerofoni">aerofoni</a>, 3) <a href="/wiki/Membranofoni" title="Membranofoni">membranofoni</a>, 4) <a href="/wiki/Idiofoni" title="Idiofoni">idiofoni</a> e 5) <a href="/wiki/Elettrofoni" title="Elettrofoni">elettrofoni</a>. </p><p>In particolare Curt Sachs è tuttora riconosciuto come il fondatore dell'organologia moderna: a lui è intitolato il premio annuale della <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://it.amis.org/">American Musical Instrument Society</a>. La sua vasta opera, condotta con un rigoroso metodo storiografico e basata sulle teorie del <a href="/wiki/Diffusionismo" title="Diffusionismo">diffusionismo</a>, mette a frutto, applicandole allo studio degli strumenti musicali, le conquiste e le vere e proprie strategie di ricerca di discipline diverse, quali la linguistica, l'antropologia, la sociologia, l'etnomusicologia, l'iconografia musicale. </p><p>Fuori dall'Europa, la trattatistica musicale si è dedicata all'organologia secoli prima, in particolare in Cina, India e nel Mondo arabo. </p><p>Probabilmente già nell'VIII secolo a.C., in Cina, sulla base del materiale ritenuto più importante, viene concepito il sistema dei <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bayin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bayin (la pagina non esiste)">bayin</a> (八音), “otto timbri”, corrispondenti a metallo, pietra, seta, bambù, zucca, terra, pelle e legno. La classificazione si diffonde in tutta l'<a href="/wiki/Asia_orientale" title="Asia orientale">Asia orientale</a>. </p><p>La stessa classificazione europea in quattro categorie perfezionata da Hornbostel e Sachs, sembra sia stata ispirata da un'opera in sanscrito, <a href="/wiki/N%C4%81tya%C5%9B%C4%81stra" title="Nātyaśāstra">Nātyaśāstra</a>, trattato su teatro, poesia e musica del saggio <a href="/w/index.php?title=Bh%C4%81rata&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bhārata (la pagina non esiste)">Bhārata</a>, databili in un arco di tempo che va dal 200 a.C. al 200 d.C. </p><p>Nella trattatistica araba, lo strumento più descritto è lo <a href="/wiki/Oud" title="Oud">‘ūd</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al-Kindi" title="Al-Kindi">Al-Kindī</a> (801-866) ne fornisce una descrizione dettagliata per materiali, dimensioni e costruzione. Successivamente <a href="/wiki/Al-Farabi" title="Al-Farabi">Al-Fārābī</a> (X secolo) nel suo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitab_al-m%C5%ABs%C4%ABq%C4%AB_al-kab%C4%ABr&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitab al-mūsīqī al-kabīr (la pagina non esiste)">Kitab al-mūsīqī al-kabīr</a> tratta i cordofoni e gli aerofoni. Ibn Sīnā (<a href="/wiki/Avicenna" title="Avicenna">Avicenna</a>, XII sec.) divide gli strumenti a fiati in ragione della presenza o assenza dell'<a href="/wiki/Ancia" title="Ancia">ancia</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Fonti">Fonti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Fonti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Fonti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Le fonti della disciplina sono scritti e testimonianze di costruttori ed esecutori, trattati di acustica e chimica, fonti letterarie che descrivono strumenti e fonti <a href="/wiki/Iconografia" title="Iconografia">iconografiche</a>. In laboratorio si eseguono ricerche al <a href="/wiki/Microscopio_elettronico" title="Microscopio elettronico">microscopio elettronico</a>, analisi chimico-fisiche ed indagini fotografiche ai <a href="/wiki/Raggi_ultravioletti" class="mw-redirect" title="Raggi ultravioletti">raggi ultravioletti</a> ed <a href="/wiki/Infrarossi" class="mw-redirect" title="Infrarossi">infrarossi</a>, nonché processi <a href="/wiki/Dendrocronologia" title="Dendrocronologia">dendrocronologici</a> sui materiali e le vernici utilizzate. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Antichi_trattati_europei_di_organologia">Antichi trattati europei di organologia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Antichi trattati europei di organologia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Antichi trattati europei di organologia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Isidoro_di_Siviglia" title="Isidoro di Siviglia">Isidoro di Siviglia</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Etymologiarum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Etymologiarum (la pagina non esiste)">Etymologiarum</a></i> (sec. VI-VII) nel libro XX riporta una pagina <a href="/wiki/Manoscritto" title="Manoscritto">manoscritta</a> con descrizioni di strumenti.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebastian_Virdung" title="Sebastian Virdung">Sebastian Virdung</a>, <i>Musica getutscht und außgezogē</i> (1511)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Martin_Sore_(Agricola)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Martin Sore (Agricola) (la pagina non esiste)">Martin Sore (Agricola)</a>, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Musica_instrumentalis_deudsch&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musica instrumentalis deudsch (la pagina non esiste)">Musica instrumentalis deudsch</a></i> (<a href="/wiki/1529" title="1529">1529</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_Praetorius" title="Michael Praetorius">Michael Praetorius</a>, <i>Syntagma Musicum</i> (<a href="/wiki/1619" title="1619">1618</a>), in particolare il vol. II "De orghanographia", e il supplemento di xilografie <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Theatrum_Instrumentorum&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Theatrum Instrumentorum (la pagina non esiste)">Theatrum Instrumentorum seu Sciagraphia</a></i> (1620)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_Mersenne" title="Marin Mersenne">Marin Mersenne</a>, <i>Harmonie universelle</i> (1636-1637)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Musurgia_universalis" title="Musurgia universalis">Musurgia universalis</a></i> <a href="/wiki/Musurgia_universalis" title="Musurgia universalis">(1650)</a>, in particolare il libro sesto <i>Musica organica, sive de musica instrumentali</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athanasius_Kircher" title="Athanasius Kircher">Athanasius Kircher</a>, <i>Phonurgia nova</i> (1673)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caspar_Bartholin_il_Giovane" title="Caspar Bartholin il Giovane">Caspar Bartholin il Giovane</a>, <i>De tibiis veterum et earum antiquo usu</i> (1677)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filippo_Bonanni" title="Filippo Bonanni">Filippo Bonanni</a>, <i>Gabinetto armonico</i> (1722)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Bianchini" title="Francesco Bianchini">Francesco Bianchini</a>, <i>De tribus generibus instrumentorum musicae veterum organicae dissertatio</i> (1742)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organologi">Organologi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Organologi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Organologi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Un organologo è una persona che si occupa di strumenti musicali dal punto di vista della storia, della tecnologia e della conservazione. Può essere specializzato in un campo specifico, ovvero in una sola tipologia strumentale (esempio: tastiere storiche), anche molto ristretta (esempio: clavicordi), e in questo caso di solito è un costruttore/restauratore, un musicista/esecutore o un collezionista; può avere competenze più generaliste, e in questo caso spesso è uno storico della musica e/o un curatore o un conservatore di collezioni museali; infine può essere un ricercatore scientifico, fornito di competenze molto tecniche, e occuparsi principalmente di problematiche acustiche, o di indagini e analisi scientifiche finalizzate alla conservazione e al restauro. </p> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Ivor_Darreg&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ivor Darreg (la pagina non esiste)">Ivor Darreg</a>, costruttore di strumenti musicali microtonali</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leo_Fender" title="Leo Fender">Leo Fender</a>, innovatore di alcune tecniche costruttive delle chitarre elettriche</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bart_Hopkin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bart Hopkin (la pagina non esiste)">Bart Hopkin</a>, fondatore della rivista <i>Experimental Musical Instruments</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Erich_von_Hornbostel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Erich von Hornbostel (la pagina non esiste)">Erich von Hornbostel</a>, uno dei due creatori del sistema di classificazione di strumenti musicali <i>Hornbostel-Sachs</i></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Victor-Charles_Mahillon&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Victor-Charles Mahillon (la pagina non esiste)">Victor-Charles Mahillon</a>, organologo e curatore di musei</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_Galpin&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis Galpin (la pagina non esiste)">Francis Galpin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bob_Moog&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bob Moog (la pagina non esiste)">Bob Moog</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harry_Partch" title="Harry Partch">Harry Partch</a>, teorista musicale per gli strumenti microtonali ad arco</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curt_Sachs" title="Curt Sachs">Curt Sachs</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Andre_Schaeffner&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Andre Schaeffner (la pagina non esiste)">Andre Schaeffner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leon_Theremin" class="mw-redirect" title="Leon Theremin">Leon Theremin</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Anthony_Baines&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anthony Baines (la pagina non esiste)">Anthony Baines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Febo_Guizzi" title="Febo Guizzi">Febo Guizzi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Dore" title="Giovanni Dore">Giovanni Dore</a></li></ul> <p>Dal 1983 ogni anno l'American Musical Instrument Society premia con il "Curt Sachs Award" un organologo che si sia particolarmente distinto per le sue ricerche. Questo l'elenco dei premiati: </p> <ul><li>2021 Eszter Fontana</li> <li>2020 John Watson</li> <li>2019 Elizabeth Wells</li> <li>2018 Tony Bingham</li> <li>2017 Malcolm Bilson</li> <li>2016 John Koster</li> <li>2015 Cynthia Adams Hoover</li> <li>2014 Margaret Downie Banks</li> <li>2013 William E. Hettrick</li> <li>2012 Renato Meucci</li> <li>2011 Albert R. Rice</li> <li>2010 Jeremy Montagu</li> <li>2009 Laurence Libin</li> <li>2008 William Waterhouse</li> <li>2007 Arnold Myers</li> <li>2006 Edward L. Kottick</li> <li>2005 Grant O'Brien</li> <li>2004 Ivan Macak</li> <li>2003 Friedrich von Huene</li> <li>2002 Florence Gétreau</li> <li>2001 Gerhard Stradner</li> <li>2000 Alfred Berner</li> <li>1999 Cecil D. Adkins</li> <li>1998 Robert E. Eliason</li> <li>1997 Edmund A. Bowles</li> <li>1996 Peter F. Williams</li> <li>1995 Laurence E. R. Picken</li> <li>1994 Barbara Owen</li> <li>1993 Jeannine Lambrechts-Douillez</li> <li>1992 William Richmond Dowd</li> <li>1991 Herbert Heyde</li> <li>1990 André P. Larson</li> <li>1989 Phillip T. Young</li> <li>1988 Philip Argall Turner Bate</li> <li>1987 Robert M. Rosenbaum</li> <li>1986 John Henry van der Meer</li> <li>1985 Anthony Cuthbert Baines</li> <li>1984 Sybil Marcuse</li> <li>1983 David D. Boyden</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Stanley Sadie (a cura di), <i>The New Grove Dictionary of Musical Instruments</i>, Macmillan, London 1984</li> <li>Kartomi, <i>On Concepts and Classifications of Musical Instruments</i>, Chicago, 1990, University of Chicago Press</li> <li>Erich Valentin, <i>Handbuch der Musikinstrumentenkunde.</i> Bosse, Regensburg 2004</li> <li>Curt Sachs, <i>History of Musical Instruments</i>, 1940 (trad. it. <i>Storia degli strumenti musicali</i>, a cura di Maurizio Papini 1980; dal 1995 negli Oscar Mondadori)</li> <li>Curt Sachs, <i>Geist und Werden der Musikinstrumente</i> 1929</li> <li>Curt Sachs, <i>Handbuch der Musikinstrumente</i>, Breitkopf und Härtel, Wiesbaden 1920</li> <li>Curt Sachs, <i>Real-Lexikon der Musikinstrumente</i>, Berlin 1913</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Organologia&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; 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Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2006-08-16T13:37:41Z","dateModified":"2023-12-31T10:06:49Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/d\/df\/Barocke_Blockfl%C3%B6ten.png","headline":"scienza degli strumenti musicali e della loro classificazione"}</script> </body> </html>