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vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Comic_books"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.6</span> <span>Comic books</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Comic_books-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" 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interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animaci%C3%B3n_rubber_hose" title="Animación rubber hose – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Animación rubber hose" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animation_rubber_hose" title="Animation rubber hose – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Animation rubber hose" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8C%D5%A5%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%B6%D5%A5_%D5%AD%D5%B8%D5%B2%D5%B8%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%AF%D5%A1%D5%B5%D5%AB%D5%B6_%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%AB%D5%B4%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%AB%D5%A1" title="Ռետինե խողովակային անիմացիա – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" 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.ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22">"Rubber hose animation"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Rubber+hose+animation%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">October 2010</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><span><video id="mwe_player_0" poster="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/300px-seek%3D189-Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.jpg" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="300" height="219" data-durationhint="347" data-mwtitle="Trolley_Troubles_(Walt_Disney,_1927).webm" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons" resource="/wiki/File:Trolley_Troubles_(Walt_Disney,_1927).webm"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.480p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="480p.vp9.webm" data-width="658" data-height="480" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.720p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="720p.vp9.webm" data-width="986" data-height="720" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.1080p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="1080p.vp9.webm" data-width="1480" data-height="1080" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9"" data-width="2960" data-height="2160" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.144p.mjpeg.mov" type="video/quicktime" data-transcodekey="144p.mjpeg.mov" data-width="198" data-height="144" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.240p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="240p.vp9.webm" data-width="328" data-height="240" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.360p.vp9.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp9, opus"" data-transcodekey="360p.vp9.webm" data-width="494" data-height="360" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/8/82/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm/Trolley_Troubles_%28Walt_Disney%2C_1927%29.webm.360p.webm" type="video/webm; codecs="vp8, vorbis"" data-transcodekey="360p.webm" data-width="494" data-height="360" /></video></span><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Oswald_the_Lucky_Rabbit" title="Oswald the Lucky Rabbit">Oswald the Lucky Rabbit</a> short <i><a href="/wiki/Trolley_Troubles" title="Trolley Troubles">Trolley Troubles</a></i> (1927) is an example of the rubber hose style of animation.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Rubber hose animation</b> was the first <a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">animation</a> style that became standardized in the <a href="/wiki/American_animation" title="American animation">American animation</a> field. The defining feature is a curving motion that most animated objects possess, resembling the motion and physical properties of a rubber <a href="/wiki/Hose" title="Hose">hose</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the style fell out of fashion by the mid-1930s, it has seen a renewed interest since the 2010s. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Beginnings_and_rise">Beginnings and rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Beginnings and rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the early days of hand drawn animation in the 1920s, the studios' main areas were not in <a href="/wiki/Hollywood,_Los_Angeles,_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood, Los Angeles, California">Hollywood</a>, but <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. Animation was a new phenomenon and there were no experienced animators; yet there were skilled artists working on newspapers, creating <a href="/wiki/Comic_strip" title="Comic strip">comic strips</a> in a time when even the comic strips themselves were relatively new. Many of them became fascinated with the introduction of moving drawings, and saw them as new possibilities and challenges to use their skills on something they found more exciting than the newspaper strips. </p><p>For this reason, many of the first <a href="/wiki/Cartoon" title="Cartoon">cartoons</a> had similarities with moving comic strips. The artists experimented with what worked and what did not, and what they could and could not do. In the strips, they had no need to think of their work in <a href="/wiki/Three-dimensional_space" title="Three-dimensional space">three dimensions</a> or how they moved, but at the same time this extra aspect gave them the opportunity to introduce gags and elements not possible in comic stills. Moreover, because the drawings had to be mass-produced to create the <a href="/wiki/Optical_illusion" title="Optical illusion">illusion</a> of movement, they had to come up with a compromise where characters were less detailed and time-consuming, but at the same time alive and complex enough. As <a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">animators</a> gained experience through trial, error and collaborations, cartoons became more professional and dominated by specific rules of how to make them. </p><p>The studios had to be sensitive to any new business trend to survive the competition. A consequence of this was that the style and design of the most successful and popular cartoons had a great impact on the rest of the animation business. One of the earliest examples was <a href="/wiki/Felix_the_Cat" title="Felix the Cat">Felix the Cat</a>, who quickly spawned imitators at different studios. Combined with the natural evolution of animation, this resulted in a dominating design that would be known as the <i>rubber hose style</i>, despite individual differences between the studios. <a href="/wiki/Bill_Nolan_(animator)" title="Bill Nolan (animator)">Bill Nolan</a> is credited with the introduction of this animation style.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Decline_and_fall">Decline and fall</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Decline and fall"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Rubber hose animation gradually faded away as cartoons were made more sophisticated, especially by <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney" title="Walt Disney">Walt Disney</a>. Disney wanted to make his cartoons more realistic and have them follow much of the same rules as <a href="/wiki/Live_action" title="Live action">live action</a>, a direction that would later be named <i>full animation</i>. Disney saw animation as a potential surrogate for live action, where he could do what was impossible in live action once it achieved his demands of realism. This direction did not allow the fluid bodies seen in the rubber hose style and, due to <a href="/wiki/The_Walt_Disney_Company" title="The Walt Disney Company">Disney</a>'s success, this trend was spread to the remaining producers of cartoons through demands from their Hollywood distributors. </p><p>Rubber-hose trademarks appeared in some later cartoons, including those of <a href="/wiki/Tex_Avery" title="Tex Avery">Tex Avery</a> for MGM, <a href="/wiki/Yakko,_Wakko_and_Dot" class="mw-redirect" title="Yakko, Wakko and Dot">The Warner Siblings</a> for WB Animation, or <i><a href="/wiki/The_Ren_%26_Stimpy_Show" title="The Ren & Stimpy Show">Ren and Stimpy</a></i>, but the original style and its influence became a part of <a href="/wiki/History_of_animation" title="History of animation">animation history</a> by the start of the 1930s, and went out of favor by the mid-1930s. <a href="/wiki/Fleischer_Studios" title="Fleischer Studios">Fleischer Studios</a> held to it the longest, finally conforming to the more contemporary West Coast animation style by 1940. The style's influence, however, still continues into the present, with shows like <i><a href="/wiki/Adventure_Time" title="Adventure Time">Adventure Time</a></i> incorporating some of rubber hose animation's elements,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and the video game <i><a href="/wiki/Cuphead" title="Cuphead">Cuphead</a></i> paying full homage.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Influence_in_modern_media">Influence in modern media</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Influence in modern media"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>While there are not many uses of rubber hose animation today, there are some media that pay homage to the animation style. </p> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png/301px-PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png" decoding="async" width="301" height="226" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png/452px-PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6f/PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png/602px-PopeyeMeetsSindbad.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a><figcaption><i><a href="/wiki/Popeye_the_Sailor_Meets_Sindbad_the_Sailor" title="Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor">Popeye the Sailor Meets Sindbad the Sailor</a></i></figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Theatrical_animated_shorts">Theatrical animated shorts</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Theatrical animated shorts"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Get_a_Horse!" title="Get a Horse!">Get a Horse!</a></div> <p>In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Walt_Disney_Animation_Studios" title="Walt Disney Animation Studios">Walt Disney Animation Studios</a> produced a 3D animated slapstick comedy short film using the style.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <i>Get a Horse!</i> combines black-and-white hand-drawn animation and color<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> CGI animation; the short features the characters of the late 1920s Mickey Mouse cartoons and features archival recordings of Walt Disney in a posthumous role as Mickey Mouse.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is the first original Mickey Mouse theatrical animated short since <i><a href="/wiki/Runaway_Brain" title="Runaway Brain">Runaway Brain</a></i> (1995) and the first appearance of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit in a Disney animated production in 85 years. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Video_games">Video games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Video games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Some video games use rubber hose animation, including <i><a href="/wiki/Epic_Mickey" title="Epic Mickey">Epic Mickey</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Cuphead" title="Cuphead">Cuphead</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bendy_(franchise)" title="Bendy (franchise)">Bendy and the Ink Machine</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Enchanted_Portals" title="Enchanted Portals">Enchanted Portals</a></i>, and early <i><a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog" title="Sonic the Hedgehog">Sonic the Hedgehog</a></i> games, shows and comics. <i><a href="/wiki/Skullgirls" title="Skullgirls">Skullgirls</a></i> includes the playable character "Peacock", whose visual design and attacks draw from 1920s animation tropes characters are based on 1920s rubber hose animation, having the appearance of old black and white cartoons.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smite_(video_game)" title="Smite (video game)"><i>Smite</i></a> has two gods with skins that take inspiration from the rubber hose animation with Baron Samedi as Funny Bones and Cthulhu as Toon Mania.</li> <li>The animation for each of the numerous characters and creatures in <i><a href="/wiki/Cuphead" title="Cuphead">Cuphead</a></i> relies heavily on techniques pioneered by the animation style; its creators wanted players to feel as though they were watching a 1930s cartoon.</li> <li><i>Sonic the Hedgehog</i> also had rubber hose limbs, especially in the games in the 90s. An example of his rubber hose limbs is evident in his trademark pose with one hand on his hip, a waving finger and crossed legs, seen on the box art of his original game. He also uses some exaggerated running poses.</li> <li>The 2023 video game <i><a href="/wiki/Pizza_Tower" title="Pizza Tower">Pizza Tower</a></i> shows the characters animated in a similar, cartoonish art style.</li> <li>In the game <i><a href="/wiki/Honkai:_Star_Rail" title="Honkai: Star Rail">Honkai: Star Rail</a></i>, a character of a popular cartoon series in Penacony, Clockie, take inspiration from the rubber hose animation style.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Card_games">Card games</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Card games"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Japanese <a href="/wiki/Trading_card_game" class="mw-redirect" title="Trading card game">trading-card game</a> <a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh!_Trading_Card_Game" title="Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game">Yu-Gi-Oh</a>! and the <a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh!" title="Yu-Gi-Oh!">franchise</a> it is based around features a line of cards called 'Toons', based on 1920s American animation styles (to contrast with the Japanese animation style of most cards). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Film_and_television">Film and television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Film and television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The <i><a href="/wiki/Futurama" title="Futurama">Futurama</a></i> episode "<a href="/wiki/Reincarnation_(Futurama)" title="Reincarnation (Futurama)">Reincarnation</a>", in its segment "<a href="/wiki/Colorama_(Futurama)" class="mw-redirect" title="Colorama (Futurama)">Colorama</a>", uses rubber hose animation. In this portion of the episode, the characters are rather bouncy and have an air of playfulness about them.</li> <li>Another prominent use of rubber hose animation is <a href="/wiki/Disney_Television" class="mw-redirect" title="Disney Television">Disney Television</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse_(TV_series)" title="Mickey Mouse (TV series)">Mickey Mouse</a></i>. The series has the slapstick feel of the original Mickey Mouse shorts, while providing a modern update with the extensive use of <a href="/wiki/Toon_Boom_Animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Toon Boom Animation">Toon Boom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</a>, and "presents Mickey in a broad range of humorous situations that showcase his pluck and rascality, along with his long-beloved charm and good-heartedness.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>The claymation TV series, <i><a href="/wiki/Pingu" title="Pingu">Pingu</a></i> has techniques incorporated in its animation, such as having characters have their upper body stretch to reach up or roll up in a ball.</li> <li>The animated series <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_And_Jerry" class="mw-redirect" title="Tom And Jerry">Tom And Jerry</a></i> uses rubberhose techniques in its characters.</li> <li>The mascot of <a href="/wiki/Planters" title="Planters">Planters</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Peanut" title="Mr. Peanut">Mr. Peanut</a>, who is an anthropomorphic <a href="/wiki/Peanut" title="Peanut">peanut</a> who wears 1930s style Gentleman clothing, in his advertisements he does rubberhose techniques, and his son Peanut Jr. who does the same things as him</li> <li>The mascot of both <a href="/wiki/Hasbro" title="Hasbro">Hasbro</a> and <a href="/wiki/Monopoly_(game)" title="Monopoly (game)">Monopoly</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mr._Monopoly" title="Mr. Monopoly">Mr. Monopoly</a>, has 1930s Gentleman clothing. In his advertisements, he does rubberhose gags and techniques to the players.</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Peanuts_Movie" title="The Peanuts Movie">The Peanuts Movie</a></i> and the <i>Peanuts</i> specials and shows use rubberhose elements as well as the <i><a href="/wiki/Peanuts" title="Peanuts">Peanuts</a></i> comics they are based on.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Ice_Age_(franchise)" title="Ice Age (franchise)">Ice Age</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Scrat" title="Scrat">Scrat</a> uses rubberhose elements, by extending his body and bouncing around while trying to get his acorn.</li> <li>In the episode "<a href="/wiki/Truth_or_Square" class="mw-redirect" title="Truth or Square">Truth or Square</a>" from the television series <i><a href="/wiki/SpongeBob_SquarePants" title="SpongeBob SquarePants">SpongeBob SquarePants</a></i>, Patchy the Pirate presents a film of how the cartoon would have been like if it was made in the 1930s. In the film, the animation is done in rubber hose animation and the song used is called Rubber Hose Rag.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>In the episode "It's A Wonderful Half-Life" from <i><a href="/wiki/CatDog" title="CatDog">CatDog</a></i>, the dream sequence for the entire episode is done in the style of the 1920s–1930s cartoons, and the characters all have pie eyes.</li> <li>In the episode "Tame That Toon" from <i><a href="/wiki/Pucca" title="Pucca">Pucca</a></i>, the entire episode is centered around this, complete with a <a href="/wiki/Betty_Boop" title="Betty Boop">Betty Boop</a> lookalike shown.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Adventures_of_Sonic_the_Hedgehog" title="Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog">Adventures of Sonic the Hedgehog</a></i>, many characters use rubber hose elements including <a href="/wiki/Sonic_the_Hedgehog_(character)" title="Sonic the Hedgehog (character)">Sonic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Tails_(Sonic_the_Hedgehog)" title="Tails (Sonic the Hedgehog)">Tails</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mondo_Media" title="Mondo Media">Mondo Media</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Happy_Tree_Friends" title="Happy Tree Friends">Happy Tree Friends</a></i> is done in rubber hose style using <a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash animation</a> and most of the characters have 'pie eyes', which are in the shape of <a href="/wiki/Pac-Man_(character)" title="Pac-Man (character)">Pac-Man</a>'s body and that resemble eyes from rubber hose characters from the golden period of this animation style, the 1920s and 1930s.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Steven_Universe:_The_Movie" title="Steven Universe: The Movie">Steven Universe: The Movie</a></i>, the main <a href="/wiki/Antagonist" title="Antagonist">antagonist</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_Steven_Universe_characters#Spinel" title="List of Steven Universe characters">Spinel</a> is animated in this style but other characters remain animated in the more contemporary style typical of the series so far. Spinel uses this stretchy and unarticulated movement to her advantage, stretching and morphing her limbs into objects she uses in battle to get the upper hand. Her main song and most of her music themes are in <a href="/wiki/Electroswing" class="mw-redirect" title="Electroswing">Electroswing</a>, a modern twist on music from the time period where Spinel's character inspiration came from.</li> <li>In <i><a href="/wiki/Bojack_Horseman" class="mw-redirect" title="Bojack Horseman">Bojack Horseman</a></i> season 6, the conglomerate Whitewhale plays a video to new corporate employees which includes several animation techniques different from the dominant style of the show, including a segment done in classic rubber hose animation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_MacMullan" title="Lauren MacMullan">Lauren MacMullan</a> cited rubber hose animation as an influence for her style, including for her character designs in <i><a href="/wiki/Mission_Hill_(TV_series)" title="Mission Hill (TV series)">Mission Hill</a></i>.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Yu-Gi-Oh!_Duel_Monsters" title="Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters">Yu-Gi-Oh!</a> anime series, like the card game itself, features 'Toon' cards based on 1920s American animation.</li> <li>In the episode "Hill Billy" from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Grim_Adventures_of_Billy_%26_Mandy" title="The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy">The Grim Adventures of Billy & Mandy</a></i>, Billy is briefly depicted in this art style while he inflates his nose in a rubber hose fashion, and it explodes shortly after, and other characters are turned into this art style as well.</li> <li>DJ Catnip and his cousin, DJ Comet, from <i><a href="/wiki/Gabby%27s_Dollhouse" title="Gabby's Dollhouse">Gabby's Dollhouse</a></i> can stretch their limbs in a similar fashion to rubber hose animation.</li> <li>Mr. Tickle from <i><a href="/wiki/The_Mr._Men_Show" title="The Mr. Men Show">The Mr. Men Show</a></i> can stretch his arms in this fashion.</li> <li>One episode of <i><a href="/wiki/Teen_Titans_Go!_(TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Teen Titans Go! (TV series)">Teen Titans Go!</a></i> features the Titans depicted in this art style.</li> <li>Velvet and Veneer, the <a href="/wiki/Antagonists" class="mw-redirect" title="Antagonists">antagonists</a> of <i><a href="/wiki/Trolls_Band_Together" title="Trolls Band Together">Trolls Band Together</a></i>, and their race, the Mount Rageons, are rendered to resemble this art style, complete with pie eyes.</li> <li>Bartholomew the Bat from the <i><a href="/wiki/Beetlejuice" title="Beetlejuice">Beetlejuice</a></i> TV series resembles a rubber hose character.</li> <li>Blossom from <i><a href="/wiki/IF_(film)" title="IF (film)">IF</a></i> is designed to resemble this art style.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/South_Park" title="South Park">South Park</a> character <a href="/wiki/Mr._Hankey" class="mw-redirect" title="Mr. Hankey">Mr. Hankey</a> is designed to look like a rubber hose character, in particular the original version of <a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mouse" title="Mickey Mouse">Mickey Mouse</a> as he appeared in <a href="/wiki/Steamboat_Willie" title="Steamboat Willie">Steamboat Willie</a>. Fittingly, his musical numbers in the show are usually in the style of 1930s-era <a href="/wiki/Dixieland" class="mw-redirect" title="Dixieland">Dixieland</a> <a href="/wiki/Swing_music" title="Swing music">swing</a> and <a href="/wiki/Big_band" title="Big band">big band</a> music.</li> <li>In the <a href="/wiki/Deemo:_Memorial_Keys" title="Deemo: Memorial Keys">film adaptation</a> of the video game <a href="/wiki/Deemo" title="Deemo">Deemo</a>, the titular character, besides bearing a vague resemblance to 1920s cartoon characters, also uses elements of rubber hose animation, especially when stretching his limbs in a similar fashion.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music_videos">Music videos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Music videos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>The video for <a href="/wiki/Dua_Lipa" title="Dua Lipa">Dua Lipa</a>'s single "<a href="/wiki/Hallucinate_(song)" title="Hallucinate (song)">Hallucinate</a>" depicts Lipa and a series of fantastical characters in rubber hose animation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghostemane" title="Ghostemane">Ghostemane</a> released a music video for his song "AI" that portrays the artist in a combination of rubber hose animation and <a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">stop motion</a> animation.</li> <li>The video for <a href="/wiki/Jay-Z" title="Jay-Z">Jay-Z</a>'s "<a href="/wiki/The_Story_of_O.J." title="The Story of O.J.">The Story of O.J.</a>" uses a rubber hose animation style.</li> <li>The video for the <a href="/wiki/Evelyn_Evelyn" title="Evelyn Evelyn">Evelyn Evelyn</a> song "<a href="/wiki/Have_You_Seen_My_Sister_Evelyn" class="mw-redirect" title="Have You Seen My Sister Evelyn">Have You Seen My Sister Evelyn</a>" features characters animated in the rubber hose style composited over a glass window.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Comic_books">Comic books</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Comic books"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the manga <i><a href="/wiki/One_Piece" title="One Piece">One Piece</a></i>, the <a href="/wiki/Protagonist" title="Protagonist">protagonist</a> <a href="/wiki/Monkey_D._Luffy" title="Monkey D. Luffy">Monkey D. Luffy</a> eats a fruit that gives him the ability to stretch like rubber, which he enhances using techniques similar to those in rubber hose cartoons, such as blowing air into his arm to increase its size and punching power. When awakening all its power as "Gear 5", Luffy gains the ability to use fighting techniques based on other rubber hose animation style, such as tearing a piece of ground like a mat to deflect attacks, while he himself (and those that are in his vicinity) also behave similarly to rubber hose cartoons, such as having his head deform around a spiked club and take its shape, or cause people around him to have exaggerated eye pops. It was confirmed at a later interview that Gear 5 is heavily inspired by <i><a href="/wiki/Tom_and_Jerry" title="Tom and Jerry">Tom and Jerry</a></i> cartoons.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rubber_hose_animation&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFBeiman2017" class="citation book cs1">Beiman, Nancy (2017-08-06). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-bqrDgAAQBAJ&q=Rubber+hose+animation&pg=PA70"><i>Animated Performance: Bringing Imaginary Animal, Human and Fantasy Characters to Life</i></a>. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-350-03962-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-350-03962-9"><bdi>978-1-350-03962-9</bdi></a>. <q>While "rubber hose" characters can be amusing, it is difficult to create a subtle acting performance in this style of animation. Rubber-hose animation handles squash, stretch, and other distortions in a technique that calls attention to itself.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animated+Performance%3A+Bringing+Imaginary+Animal%2C+Human+and+Fantasy+Characters+to+Life&rft.pages=70&rft.pub=Bloomsbury+Publishing&rft.date=2017-08-06&rft.isbn=978-1-350-03962-9&rft.aulast=Beiman&rft.aufirst=Nancy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-bqrDgAAQBAJ%26q%3DRubber%2Bhose%2Banimation%26pg%3DPA70&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFArnold2017" class="citation book cs1">Arnold, Gordon B. (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=3P58DQAAQBAJ&q=history+of+rubber+hose+animation%2F&pg=PA30"><i>Animation and the American Imagination</i></a>. Abc-Clio. p. 30. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781440833601" title="Special:BookSources/9781440833601"><bdi>9781440833601</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Animation+and+the+American+Imagination&rft.pages=30&rft.pub=Abc-Clio&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=9781440833601&rft.aulast=Arnold&rft.aufirst=Gordon+B.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D3P58DQAAQBAJ%26q%3Dhistory%2Bof%2Brubber%2Bhose%2Banimation%252F%26pg%3DPA30&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://animation.about.com/od/Animation-History/fl/What-is-Rubber-Hose-Animation.htm">"The Basics of Animation Style Guides"</a>. <i>about.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 April</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=about.com&rft.atitle=The+Basics+of+Animation+Style+Guides&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fanimation.about.com%2Fod%2FAnimation-History%2Ffl%2FWhat-is-Rubber-Hose-Animation.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMallory2022" class="citation web cs1">Mallory, Michael (January 25, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/creating-a-rubber-hose-wonderland-for-the-cuphead-show/">"Creating a Rubber Hose Wonderland for 'The Cuphead Show!'<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Animation_Magazine" title="Animation Magazine">Animation Magazine</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220126153748/https://www.animationmagazine.net/streaming/creating-a-rubber-hose-wonderland-for-the-cuphead-show/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2022<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 28,</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Animation+Magazine&rft.atitle=Creating+a+Rubber+Hose+Wonderland+for+%27The+Cuphead+Show%21%27&rft.date=2022-01-25&rft.aulast=Mallory&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.animationmagazine.net%2Fstreaming%2Fcreating-a-rubber-hose-wonderland-for-the-cuphead-show%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ew.com/article/2013/08/09/disney-animation-d23/">"Disney Animation preview: 'Frozen,' 'Big Hero 6' at Disney's D23; Plus 'Zootopia' announced"</a>. <i>EW.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EW.com&rft.atitle=Disney+Animation+preview%3A+%27Frozen%2C%27+%27Big+Hero+6%27+at+Disney%27s+D23%3B+Plus+%27Zootopia%27+announced&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ew.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F08%2F09%2Fdisney-animation-d23%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://insidemovies.ew.com/2013/08/22/old-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look/">"Old-school Mickey Mouse gets future shock in 'Get a Horse!' FIRST LOOK"</a>. <i>EW.com</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EW.com&rft.atitle=Old-school+Mickey+Mouse+gets+future+shock+in+%27Get+a+Horse%21%27+FIRST+LOOK&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Finsidemovies.ew.com%2F2013%2F08%2F22%2Fold-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKeegan2013" class="citation web cs1">Keegan, Rebecca (23 April 2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/movies/moviesnow/la-et-mn-disney-animation-releases-new-mickey-mouse-short-20130422,0,6394201.story">"Walt Disney Animation releases new Mickey Mouse short"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Walt+Disney+Animation+releases+new+Mickey+Mouse+short&rft.date=2013-04-23&rft.aulast=Keegan&rft.aufirst=Rebecca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fmovies%2Fmoviesnow%2Fla-et-mn-disney-animation-releases-new-mickey-mouse-short-20130422%2C0%2C6394201.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAugust_22EDT" class="citation web cs1">August 22, Anthony Breznican Updated; EDT, 2013 at 01:00 PM. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ew.com/article/2013/08/22/old-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look/">"Old-school Mickey Mouse gets future shock in 'Get a Horse!' FIRST LOOK"</a>. <i>EW.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2021-11-20</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=EW.com&rft.atitle=Old-school+Mickey+Mouse+gets+future+shock+in+%27Get+a+Horse%21%27+FIRST+LOOK&rft.aulast=August+22&rft.aufirst=Anthony+Breznican+Updated&rft.au=EDT%2C+2013+at+01%3A00+PM&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Few.com%2Farticle%2F2013%2F08%2F22%2Fold-school-mickey-mouse-gets-future-shock-in-get-a-horse-first-look%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_numeric_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"<a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/mickey-mouse-to-star-in-all-new-cartoon-shorts-with-classic-comedy-contemporary-flair/173209/">http://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/mickey-mouse-to-star-in-all-new-cartoon-shorts-with-classic-comedy-contemporary-flair/173209/</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191027101056/https://tvbythenumbers.zap2it.com/network-press-releases/mickey-mouse-to-star-in-all-new-cartoon-shorts-with-classic-comedy-contemporary-flair/173209/">Archived</a> 2019-10-27 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSuszek2014" class="citation web cs1">Suszek, Mike (January 4, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/">"1930s cartoon-inspired Cuphead targeting late 2014 on PC"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Joystiq" title="Joystiq">Joystiq</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/AOL_Tech" class="mw-redirect" title="AOL Tech">AOL Tech</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140808064308/http://www.joystiq.com/2014/01/04/1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc/?ncid=rss_truncated">Archived</a> from the original on August 8, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 2,</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Joystiq&rft.atitle=1930s+cartoon-inspired+Cuphead+targeting+late+2014+on+PC&rft.date=2014-01-04&rft.aulast=Suszek&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.joystiq.com%2F2014%2F01%2F04%2F1930s-cartoon-inspired-cuphead-targeting-late-2014-launch-on-pc%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbmania.net/music.php?id=179">"SpongeBob: Truth or Square – Rubber Hose Rag song, while the actual show's characters use many Rubberhose elements. While the actual show's characters use Rubberhose techniques"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SpongeBob%3A+Truth+or+Square+%E2%80%93+Rubber+Hose+Rag+song%2C+while+the+actual+show%27s+characters+use+many+Rubberhose+elements.+While+the+actual+show%27s+characters+use+Rubberhose+techniques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbmania.net%2Fmusic.php%3Fid%3D179&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARubber+hose+animation" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weekly Shonen Jump 2022 Issue 34 (p. 45), Interview of Eiichiro Oda and Gosho Aoyama</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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href="/wiki/Template:Animation" title="Template:Animation"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Animation" title="Template talk:Animation"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Animation" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Animation"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Animation_topics" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Animation" title="Animation">Animation</a> topics</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By country</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_animation" title="Bangladeshi animation">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bhutanese_animation" title="Bhutanese animation">Bhutan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chinese_animation" title="Chinese animation">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_animation" title="Czech animation">Czechia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estonian_animation" title="Estonian animation">Estonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Indian_animation_industry" title="Indian animation industry">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malaysian_animation" title="Malaysian animation">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexican_animation" title="Mexican animation">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Korean_animation" title="North Korean animation">North Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Filipino_animation" title="Filipino animation">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_animation" title="Portuguese animation">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_animation" title="Romanian animation">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_industry_in_South_Africa" title="Animation industry in South Africa">South Africa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Korean_animation" title="South Korean animation">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_animation" title="Spanish animation">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taiwanese_animation" title="Taiwanese animation">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thai_animation" title="Thai animation">Thailand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_animation" title="American animation">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vietnamese_animation" title="Vietnamese animation">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_animation" title="History of animation">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Azerbaijani_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Azerbaijani animation">Azerbaijan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladeshi_animation#History" title="Bangladeshi animation">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Brazilian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Brazilian animation">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Canadian_animation" title="History of Canadian animation">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Chinese_animation" title="History of Chinese animation">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_French_animation" title="History of French animation">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Hungarian_animation" title="History of Hungarian animation">Hungary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_animation_in_India" title="History of animation in India">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Iranian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Iranian animation">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_anime" title="History of anime">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Korean_animation" title="History of Korean animation">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Russian_animation" title="History of Russian animation">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_Ukrainian_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Ukrainian animation">Ukraine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_British_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="History of British animation">United Kingdom</a></li> <li>United States <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_during_the_silent_era" title="Animation in the United States during the silent era">Silent Era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_age_of_American_animation" title="Golden age of American animation">The Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_War_II_and_American_animation" title="World War II and American animation">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_in_the_United_States_in_the_television_era" title="Animation in the United States in the television era">Early TV broadcast era</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modern_animation_in_the_United_States" title="Modern animation in the United States">Modern TV cable and streaming era</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Industry</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animator" title="Animator">Animator</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animators" title="List of animators">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_department" title="Animation department">Animation department</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_director" title="Animation director">Animation director</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Story_artist" title="Story artist">Story artist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_studio" title="Animation studio">Animation studios</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animation_studios" title="List of animation studios">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animation_database" title="Animation database">Animation database</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Art_pipeline" title="Art pipeline">Art pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Anatomical_simulation" title="Category:Anatomical simulation">Biologist simulators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Animation_film_festivals" title="Category:Animation film festivals">Animation film festivals</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_international_animation_festivals" title="List of international animation festivals">international</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regional_animation_festivals" title="List of regional animation festivals">regional</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_animated_films" title="List of highest-grossing animated films">Highest-grossing films</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_openings_for_animated_films" title="List of highest-grossing openings for animated films">Opening weekends</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outsourcing_of_animation" title="Outsourcing of animation">Outsourcing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Animation_Day" title="International Animation Day">International Animation Day</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Works</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Films <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer-animated_films" title="List of computer-animated films">Computer-animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_animated_films" title="Lists of animated films">Feature-length</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_lost_or_unfinished_animated_films" title="List of lost or unfinished animated films">Lost or unfinished</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_package_films" title="List of animated package films">Package</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_short_films" title="List of animated short films">Short</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_short_series" class="mw-redirect" title="List of animated short series">Short series</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_stop_motion_films" title="List of stop motion films">Stop-motion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adult_animated_feature_films" title="List of adult animated feature films">Adult animated films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_animated_films" title="List of children's animated films">Children's animated films</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_series" title="Animated series">Series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_adult_animated_television_series" title="List of adult animated television series">Adult animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_children%27s_animated_television_series" title="List of children's animated television series">Children's animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_computer-animated_television_series" title="List of computer-animated television series">Computer-animated</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_direct-to-video_series" title="List of animated direct-to-video series">Direct-to-video</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Flash_animated_television_series" title="List of Flash animated television series">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_Internet_series" title="List of animated Internet series">Internet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lists_of_animated_television_series" title="Lists of animated television series">Television</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Techniques</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Traditional_animation" title="Traditional animation">Traditional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barrier-grid_animation_and_stereography" title="Barrier-grid animation and stereography">Barrier-grid and stereography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flip_book" title="Flip book">Flip book</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Limited_animation" title="Limited animation">Limited animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Masking_(art)" title="Masking (art)">Masking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rotoscoping" title="Rotoscoping">Rotoscoping</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exposure_sheet" title="Exposure sheet">Exposure sheet</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Stop_motion" title="Stop motion">Stop motion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Claymation" title="Claymation">Claymation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Clay_painting" title="Clay painting">clay painting</a>, <a href="/wiki/Strata-cut_animation" title="Strata-cut animation">strata-cut</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cutout_animation" title="Cutout animation">Cutout</a> (<a href="/wiki/Silhouette_animation" title="Silhouette animation">silhouette</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Graphic_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Graphic animation">Graphic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Model_animation" title="Model animation">Model</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Go_motion" title="Go motion">go motion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Object_animation" title="Object animation">Object</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brickfilm" title="Brickfilm">Brickfilm</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixilation" title="Pixilation">Pixilation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puppetoons" title="Puppetoons">Puppetoons</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Computer_animation" title="Computer animation">Computer</a> <br />(<a href="/wiki/History_of_computer_animation" title="History of computer animation">history</a>, <a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_computer_animation_in_film_and_television" title="Timeline of computer animation in film and television">timeline</a>)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/2D_computer_graphics" title="2D computer graphics">2D</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2.5D" title="2.5D">2.5D</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flash_animation" title="Flash animation">Flash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowerPoint_animation" title="PowerPoint animation">PowerPoint</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SVG_animation" title="SVG animation">SVG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CSS_animations" title="CSS animations">CSS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multi-sketch" title="Multi-sketch">Multi-sketch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Onion_skinning" title="Onion skinning">Onion skinning</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/3D_computer_graphics" title="3D computer graphics">3D</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/T-pose" title="T-pose">T-pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel_shading" title="Cel shading">Cel shading</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer-generated_imagery" title="Computer-generated imagery">CGI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crowd_simulation" title="Crowd simulation">Crowd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Computer_facial_animation" title="Computer facial animation">Facial animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morph_target_animation" title="Morph target animation">Morph target</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_capture" title="Motion capture">Motion capture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Facial_motion_capture" title="Facial motion capture">facial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Finger_tracking" title="Finger tracking">hand tracking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eye_tracking" title="Eye tracking">eye tracking</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-photorealistic_rendering" title="Non-photorealistic rendering">Non-photorealistic rendering</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Physically_based_animation" title="Physically based animation">Physically based animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Procedural_animation" title="Procedural animation">Procedural</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skeletal_animation" title="Skeletal animation">Skeletal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_cinematography" title="Virtual cinematography">Virtual cinematography</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Puppetry" title="Puppetry">Puppetry</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Puppet" title="Puppet">Traditional puppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_puppetry" title="Digital puppetry">Digital puppetry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Machinima" title="Machinima">Machinima</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aniforms" title="Aniforms">Aniforms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_human" title="Virtual human">Virtual human</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Live2D" title="Live2D">Live2D</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supermarionation" title="Supermarionation">Supermarionation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Mechanics" title="Mechanics">Mechanical</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animatronics" title="Animatronics">Animatronics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Audio-Animatronics" title="Audio-Animatronics">Audio-Animatronics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Linear_alternator" title="Linear alternator">Linear Animation Generator</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Direct_manipulation_animation" title="Direct manipulation animation">Direct manipulation animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanoid_animation" title="Humanoid animation">Humanoid animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Idle_animation" title="Idle animation">Idle animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ink-wash_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Ink-wash animation">Ink-wash animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magic_lantern" title="Magic lantern">Magic Lantern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scanimate" title="Scanimate">Scanimate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shadowmation" title="Shadowmation">Shadowmation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Squigglevision" title="Squigglevision">Squigglevision</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whiteboard_animation" title="Whiteboard animation">Whiteboard animation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other methods</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0;background:transparent; font-weight:normal;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blocking_(animation)" title="Blocking (animation)">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_animation" title="Character animation">Character animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_sheet" title="Model sheet">model sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_cycle" title="Walk cycle">walk cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">lip sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-model" title="Off-model">off-model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chuckimation" class="mw-redirect" title="Chuckimation">Chuckimation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Drawn-on-film_animation" title="Drawn-on-film animation">Drawn-on-film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charcoal" title="Charcoal">Erasure animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydraulic_engineering" title="Hydraulic engineering">Hydrotechnics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inbetweening" title="Inbetweening">Inbetweening</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Morphing" title="Morphing">Morphing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paint-on-glass_animation" title="Paint-on-glass animation">Paint-on-glass</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinscreen_animation" title="Pinscreen animation">Pinscreen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pixel_artist" class="mw-redirect" title="Pixel artist">Pixel art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pose_to_pose_animation" title="Pose to pose animation">Pose to pose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Straight_ahead_animation" title="Straight ahead animation">Straight ahead</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Rubber hose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_effects" class="mw-redirect" title="Special effects">Special effects</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sand_animation" title="Sand animation">Sand</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syncro-Vox" title="Syncro-Vox">Syncro-Vox</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoetrope" title="Zoetrope">Zoetrope</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Variants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abstract_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Abstract animation">Abstract animation</a> (<a href="/wiki/Visual_music" title="Visual music">visual music</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adult_animation" title="Adult animation">Adult animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_cartoon" class="mw-redirect" title="Animated cartoon">Animated cartoon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_sitcom" title="Animated sitcom">Animated sitcom</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Animated_documentary" title="Animated documentary">Animated documentary</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anime" title="Anime">Anime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Educational_animation" title="Educational animation">Educational animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Erotic_animation" class="mw-redirect" title="Erotic animation">Erotic animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_animation" title="Independent animation">Independent animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Instructional_animation" title="Instructional animation">Instructional animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_newscaster" title="Virtual newscaster">Virtual newscaster</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animation_music" title="Animation music">Animation music</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bouncing_ball_(music)" title="Bouncing ball (music)">Bouncing ball</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mickey_Mousing" title="Mickey Mousing">Mickey Mousing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Key_frame" title="Key frame">Key frame</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cel" title="Cel">Cel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Character_animation" title="Character animation">Character animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_sheet" title="Model sheet">model sheet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walk_cycle" title="Walk cycle">walk cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lip_sync" title="Lip sync">lip sync</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Off-model" title="Off-model">off-model</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creature_animation" title="Creature animation">Creature animation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelve_basic_principles_of_animation" title="Twelve basic principles of animation">Twelve basic principles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motion_comic" title="Motion comic">Motion comic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_films_with_live_action_and_animation" title="List of films with live action and animation">Films with live action and animation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_live-action/animated_films" title="List of highest-grossing live-action/animated films">highest grossing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_physics" title="Cartoon physics">Cartoon physics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartoon_violence" title="Cartoon violence">Cartoon violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_most_expensive_animated_films" title="List of most expensive animated films">Most expensive animated films</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_films_by_box_office_admissions" title="List of animated films by box office admissions">List of animated films by box office admissions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_animated_television_series_by_episode_count" title="List of animated television series by episode count">List of animated television series by episode count</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_series_by_episode_count" title="List of anime series by episode count">anime series</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_anime_franchises_by_episode_count" title="List of anime franchises by episode count">anime franchises</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, 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