CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en"> <head> <style> .icon { background: transparent url(/pics/sprite.png) 0 0 no-repeat; } .page_content a.subtle_link:link {color:currentColor; text-decoration: none;} .page_content a.subtle_link:hover {color:#003366} </style> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gutenberg/pg-desktop-one.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gutenberg/new_nav.css"> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="/gutenberg/style.css"> <script>// var canonical_url = "http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600"; var lang = "en"; var msg_load_more = "Load More Results…"; var page_mode = "screen"; var dialog_title = ""; var dialog_message = ""; //</script> <script src="/js/pg-two.js"></script> <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/gutenberg/favicon.ico"> <link rel="canonical" href="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search Project Gutenberg" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/catalog/osd-books.xml"> <link rel="alternate nofollow" type="application/atom+xml;profile=opds-catalog" title="OPDS feed" href="/ebooks/60600.opds"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/gutenberg/apple-icon.png"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="default-style" content="text/css"> <meta name="title" content="Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices by Newby"> <meta name="description" content="Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by volunteers."> <meta name="keywords" content="ebook, ebooks, free ebooks, free books, book, books, audio books"> <meta name="classification" content="public"> <meta property="og:title" content="Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices by Newby"> <meta property="og:description" content="Free kindle book and epub digitized and proofread by volunteers."> <meta property="og:type" content="book"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60600/pg60600.cover.medium.jpg"> <meta property="og:url" content="http://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600"> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Project Gutenberg"> <meta property="fb:app_id" content="115319388529183"> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary"> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@gutenberg_new"> <meta name="twitter:image" content="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60600/pg60600.cover.medium.jpg"> <meta name="twitter:image:alt" content="book cover image"> <title>Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices by Newby | Project Gutenberg</title> <link rel="alternate nofollow" type="application/rdf+xml" href="/ebooks/60600.rdf"> <style> .qrcode { background: transparent url(/cache/epub/60600/pg60600.qrcode.png) 0 0 no-repeat; } </style> <meta name="google" content="notranslate"> </head> <body> <div class="container"> <nav>  <a id="main_logo" href="/" class="no-hover"> <img src="/gutenberg/pg-logo-129x80.png" alt="Project Gutenberg" draggable="false"> </a>  <div id="menu"> <label for="tm" id="toggle-menu">Menu<span class="drop-icon">▾</span></label> <input type="checkbox" id="tm"> <ul class="main-menu cf"> <li> <a href="/about/">About <span class="drop-icon">▾</span> </a> <label title="Toggle Drop-down" class="drop-icon" for="sm0">▾</label> <input type="checkbox" id="sm0"> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="/about/">About Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/policy/collection_development.html">Collection Development</a></li> <li><a href="/about/contact_information.html">Contact Us</a></li> <li><a href="/about/background/">History & Philosophy</a></li> <li><a href="/policy/permission.html">Permissions & License</a></li> <li><a href="/policy/privacy_policy.html">Privacy Policy</a></li> <li><a href="/policy/terms_of_use.html">Terms of Use</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/ebooks/">Search and Browse <span class="drop-icon">▾</span> </a> <label title="Toggle Drop-down" class="drop-icon" for="sm8">▾</label> <input type="checkbox" id="sm8"> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="/ebooks/">Book Search</a></li> <li><a href="/ebooks/bookshelf/">Bookshelves</a></li> <li><a href="/browse/scores/top">Frequently Downloaded</a></li> <li><a href="/ebooks/offline_catalogs.html">Offline Catalogs</a></li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/help/">Help <span class="drop-icon">▾</span> </a> <label title="Toggle Drop-down" class="drop-icon" for="sm3">▾</label> <input type="checkbox" id="sm3"> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li><a href="/help/">All help topics →</a></li> <li><a href="/help/copyright.html">Copyright Procedures</a></li> <li><a href="/help/errata.html">Errata, Fixes and Bug Reports</a></li> <li><a href="/help/file_formats.html">File Formats</a></li> <li><a href="/help/faq.html">Frequently Asked Questions</a></li> <li><a href="/policy/">Policies →</a></li> <li><a href="/help/public_domain_ebook_submission.html">Public Domain eBook Submission</a></li> <li><a href="/help/submitting_your_own_work.html">Submitting Your Own Work</a></li> <li><a href="/help/mobile.html">Tablets, Phones and eReaders</a></li> <li><a href="/attic/">The Attic →</a></li> </ul> </li> <li><a href="/donate/">Donate</a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="donate"> <div class="searchbox"> <form method="get" action="/ebooks/search/" accept-charset="utf-8" enctype="multipart/form-data" class="searchbox"> <input type="text" value="" id="menu-book-search" name="query" class="searchInput" title="Quick search" tabindex="20" size="20" maxlength="80" placeholder="Quick search"> <input type="submit" name="submit_search" value="Go!" style="vertical-align:middle;"> </form> </div> <form class="donatelink" action="https://www.paypal.com/cgi-bin/webscr" method="post" target="new"> <p><a href="/donate/">Donation</a></p> <input type="hidden" name="cmd" value="_s-xclick"> <input type="hidden" name="hosted_button_id" value="XKAL6BZL3YPSN"> <input class="donbtn" type="image" src="/pics/en_US.gif" name="submit" alt="Donate via PayPal"> </form> </div> </nav> <div class="page_content" id="content" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Book"> <div class="breadcrumbs noprint"> <ul itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/BreadcrumbList"> <li class="breadcrumb first" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span class="breadcrumb-separator"></span> <a href="/" title="Go to the Main page." itemprop="item" typeof="WebPage"><span itemprop="name">Project Gutenberg</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="0"> </li> <li class="breadcrumb next" itemprop="itemListElement" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="https://schema.org/ListItem"> <span class="breadcrumb-separator"></span> <a href="/ebooks/" title="Start a new search." itemprop="item" typeof="WebPage"><span itemprop="name">74,645 free eBooks</span></a><meta itemprop="position" content="1"> </li> </ul> </div> <h1 itemprop="name">Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices by Newby</h1> <div class="page-body"> <div property="dcterms:publisher" itemprop="publisher" content="Project Gutenberg"></div> <div itemprop="bookFormat" content="EBook"></div> <div id="cover-social-wrapper"> <div id="cover"> <img class="cover-art" src="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60600/pg60600.cover.medium.jpg" title="Book Cover" alt="Book Cover" itemprop="image"> </div> <div id="social" class="noprint"> <ul> <li>  <div class="social-button masto-share-button"> <a href="https://toot.kytta.dev/?text=Free%20book%20at%20Project%20Gutenberg%3A%20Forty-Five%20Years%20of%20Digitizing%20Ebooks%3A%20Project%20Gutenberg%27s%20Practices%20by%20Newby%20http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F60600" title="Share on Mastodon" onclick="open_share_popup(this.href, this.target, 640, 320)" target="_top"> <span class="icon icon_masto"></span> </a> </div> </li> <li>  <div class="social-button twitter-share-button"> <a href="https://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F60600&text=Forty-Five%20Years%20of%20Digitizing%20Ebooks%3A%20Project%20Gutenberg%27s%20Practices%20by%20Newby&count=none&lang=en&related=gutenberg_new%3AProject%20Gutenberg%20New%20Books" title="Share on Twitter" onclick="open_share_popup(this.href, this.target, 640, 320)" target="_top"> <span class="icon icon_twitter"></span> </a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="social-button fb-share-button"> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer.php?u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gutenberg.org%2Febooks%2F60600" title="Share on Facebook" onclick="open_share_popup(this.href, this.target, 640, 320)" target="_top"> <span class="icon icon_facebook"></span> </a> </div> </li> <li> <a onclick="printpage()" title="Print this page"><span class="icon icon_print"></span></a> </li> </ul> </div> <div id="qr"> <span class="qrcode qrcode-desktop" title="Scan QR Code for this page."></span> </div> </div> <div id="tabs-wrapper"> <div id="tabs"> <div id="download"> <div about="[ebook:60600]" rel="dcterms:hasFormat"> <h2>Read now or download (free!)</h2> <table class="files"> <colgroup> <col class="narrow"> <col> <col> <col> <col class="narrow noprint"> <col class="narrow noprint"> <col class="narrow noprint"> </colgroup> <tr> <th></th> <th>Choose how to read this book <span> <a href="/help/bibliographic_record.html#format" title="Information about format."><span class="icon icon_help noprint"></span></a> </span></th> <th class="noscreen">Url</th> <th class="right">Size</th> <th class="noprint"><span> <a href="/help/bibliographic_record.html#Dropbox" title="Information about Dropbox."><span class="icon icon_help noprint"></span></a> </span></th> <th class="noprint"><span> <a href="/help/bibliographic_record.html#Google_Drive" title="Information about Google Drive."><span class="icon icon_help noprint"></span></a> </span></th> <th class="noprint"><span> <a href="/help/bibliographic_record.html#OneDrive" title="Information about OneDrive."><span class="icon icon_help noprint"></span></a> </span></th> </tr> <tr class="even" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.html.images" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="text/html" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.html.images" type="text/html" class="link" title="Read online">Read online (web)</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.html.images</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="65884">64 kB</td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> </tr><tr class="odd" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub3.images" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/epub+zip" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.epub3.images" type="application/epub+zip" class="link" title="Download">EPUB3 (E-readers incl. Send-to-Kindle)</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub3.images</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="3717453">3.5 MB</td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/dropbox/60600.epub3.images" title="Send to Dropbox." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_dropbox"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/gdrive/60600.epub3.images" title="Send to Google Drive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_gdrive"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/msdrive/60600.epub3.images" title="Send to OneDrive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_msdrive"></span></a> </td> </tr><tr class="even" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub.images" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/epub+zip" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.epub.images" type="application/epub+zip" class="link" title="Download">EPUB (older E-readers)</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub.images</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="3714120">3.5 MB</td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/dropbox/60600.epub.images" title="Send to Dropbox." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_dropbox"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/gdrive/60600.epub.images" title="Send to Google Drive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_gdrive"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/msdrive/60600.epub.images" title="Send to OneDrive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_msdrive"></span></a> </td> </tr><tr class="odd" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub.noimages" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/epub+zip" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.epub.noimages" type="application/epub+zip" class="link" title="Download">EPUB (no images, older E-readers)</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.epub.noimages</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="83686">82 kB</td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/dropbox/60600.epub.noimages" title="Send to Dropbox." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_dropbox"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/gdrive/60600.epub.noimages" title="Send to Google Drive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_gdrive"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/msdrive/60600.epub.noimages" title="Send to OneDrive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_msdrive"></span></a> </td> </tr><tr class="even" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.kf8.images" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/x-mobipocket-ebook" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.kf8.images" type="application/x-mobipocket-ebook" class="link" title="Download">Kindle</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.kf8.images</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="2019373">1.9 MB</td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/dropbox/60600.kf8.images" title="Send to Dropbox." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_dropbox"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/gdrive/60600.kf8.images" title="Send to Google Drive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_gdrive"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/msdrive/60600.kf8.images" title="Send to OneDrive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_msdrive"></span></a> </td> </tr><tr class="odd" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.kindle.images" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/x-mobipocket-ebook" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.kindle.images" type="application/x-mobipocket-ebook" class="link" title="Download">older Kindles</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.kindle.images</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="2002119">1.9 MB</td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/dropbox/60600.kindle.images" title="Send to Dropbox." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_dropbox"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/gdrive/60600.kindle.images" title="Send to Google Drive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_gdrive"></span></a> </td> <td class="noprint"> <a href="/ebooks/send/msdrive/60600.kindle.images" title="Send to OneDrive." rel="nofollow"><span class="icon icon_msdrive"></span></a> </td> </tr><tr class="odd" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.txt.utf-8" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="text/plain; charset=us-ascii" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/ebooks/60600.txt.utf-8" type="text/plain; charset=us-ascii" class="link" title="Download">Plain Text UTF-8</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/60600.txt.utf-8</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="51643">50 kB</td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> </tr><tr class="odd" about="https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60600/pg60600-h.zip" typeof="pgterms:file"> <td><span class="icon icon_book"></span></td> <td property="dcterms:format" content="application/zip" datatype="dcterms:IMT" class="unpadded icon_save"><a href="/cache/epub/60600/pg60600-h.zip" type="application/zip" class="link" title="Download">Download HTML (zip)</a></td> <td class="noscreen">https://www.gutenberg.org/cache/epub/60600/pg60600-h.zip</td> <td class="right" property="dcterms:extent" content="7535691">7.2 MB</td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> <td class="noprint"> </td> </tr> <tr class="even"> <td><span class="icon icon_folder"></span></td> <td colspan="6"><span class="small"> There may be <a class="subtle_link" rel="nofollow" href="/files/60600/">more files</a> related to this item.</span></td> </tr> </table> </div> </div>  <div id="more_stuff"> <h2 class="header">Similar Books</h2> <div class="grayed noprint navlink"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/ebooks/60600/also/" accesskey="1"> <span class="cell leftcell"> <span class="icon icon_suggestion"></span> </span> <span class="cell content"> <span class="title">Readers also downloaded…</span> </span> <span class="hstrut"></span> </a> </div> <div class="grayed navlink"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/ebooks/bookshelf/430" accesskey="2"> <span class="cell leftcell"> <span class="icon icon_bookshelf"></span> </span> <span class="cell content"> <span class="title">In Browsing: Computers & Technology</span> </span> <span class="hstrut"></span> </a> </div> <div class="grayed navlink"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/ebooks/bookshelf/436" accesskey="3"> <span class="cell leftcell"> <span class="icon icon_bookshelf"></span> </span> <span class="cell content"> <span class="title">In Browsing: Encyclopedias/Dictionaries/Reference</span> </span> <span class="hstrut"></span> </a> </div> <div class="grayed navlink"> <a rel="nofollow" href="/ebooks/bookshelf/484" accesskey="4"> <span class="cell leftcell"> <span class="icon icon_bookshelf"></span> </span> <span class="cell content"> <span class="title">In Browsing: Teaching & Education</span> </span> <span class="hstrut"></span> </a> </div> </div>  <div id="bibrec"> <div typeof="pgterms:ebook" about="[ebook:60600]"> <h2>About this eBook <span> <a href="/help/bibliographic_record.html#Table:_Bibliographic_Record" title="Information about Table: Bibliographic Record."><span class="icon icon_help noprint"></span></a> </span></h2> <table class="bibrec"> <colgroup> <col class="narrow"> <col> </colgroup> <tr> <th>Author</th> <td> <a href="/ebooks/author/51045" rel="marcrel:aut" about="/authors/51045" typeof="pgterms:agent" itemprop="creator">Newby, Gregory B.</a></td> </tr> <tr> <th>Title</th> <td itemprop="headline"> Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices </td> </tr><tr> <th>Alternate Title</th> <td itemprop="alternativeHeadline"> 45 Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices </td> </tr><tr> <th>Note</th> <td> Reading ease score: 49.5 (College-level). Difficult to read. </td> </tr><tr> <th>Credits</th> <td> an Anonymous Project Gutenberg Volunteer </td> </tr><tr> <th>Summary</th> <td> "Forty-Five Years of Digitizing Ebooks: Project Gutenberg's Practices" by Gregory B. Newby is a comprehensive examination of the methodologies and historical significance of Project Gutenberg, one of the earliest initiatives to digitize and distribute eBooks freely. This publication can be classified as a scientific publication detailing the practices of digital archiving and literature dissemination throughout the late 20th century and into the early 21st century. It aims to inform readers about the importance of public domain literature and the techniques employed by volunteers of Project Gutenberg in the creation of accessible digital texts. The book chronicles the journey of Project Gutenberg from its inception with the first eBook—the U.S. Declaration of Independence created in 1971—through various advancements in digitization technology, volunteer engagement, and copyright considerations. It highlights the evolution of formatting techniques, the critical role of proofreading, and the integration of crowd-sourced efforts for improving quality. Newby emphasizes the importance of making literary works available globally, focusing on public domain texts, and outlines future initiatives aimed at enhancing accessibility and the user experience. By showcasing the libraries' commitment to free literature, the book serves as both a historical account and a practical guide for anyone interested in the digital humanities and open access movements. (This is an automatically generated summary.) </td> </tr> <tr property="dcterms:language" datatype="dcterms:RFC4646" itemprop="inLanguage" content="en"> <th>Language</th> <td>English</td> </tr> <tr property="dcterms:subject" datatype="dcterms:LCC" content="Z"> <th>LoC Class</th> <td> <a href="/browse/loccs/z">Z: Bibliography, Library science</a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Subject</th> <td property="dcterms:subject" datatype="dcterms:LCSH"> <a class="block" href="/ebooks/subject/316"> Project Gutenberg </a> </td> </tr> <tr> <th>Category</th> <td property="dcterms:type" datatype="dcterms:DCMIType">Text</td> </tr> <tr> <th>EBook-No.</th> <td>60600</td> </tr> <tr property="dcterms:issued" datatype="xsd:date" content="2021-07-06"> <th>Release Date</th> <td itemprop="datePublished">Oct 18, 2019</td> </tr> <tr property="dcterms:modified" datatype="xsd:date" content="2019-10-18T00:00:00+00:00"> <th>Most Recently Updated</th> <td itemprop="dateModified">Jul 6, 2021</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Copyright Status</th> <td property="dcterms:rights">Public domain in the USA.</td> </tr> <tr> <th>Downloads</th> <td itemprop="interactionCount">1054 downloads in the last 30 days.</td> </tr> <tr itemprop="offers" itemscope="itemscope" itemtype="http://schema.org/Offer"> <td colspan="2"> <span itemprop="priceCurrency" content="USD"></span> <span itemprop="price" content="$0.00"> <em>Project Gutenberg eBooks are always free!</em> </span> <span itemprop="availability" content="In Stock"> <a href="http://schema.org/InStock"></a> </span> </td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="dialog" class="hidden"> </div> </div> <div class="footer"> <div> <ul> <li> <a href="/policy/privacy_policy.html" title="Privacy Policy">Privacy policy</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/" title="About Project Gutenberg">About Project Gutenberg</a> </li> <li> <a href="/policy/terms_of_use.html" title="Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> </li> <li> <a href="/about/contact_information.html" title="Contact Information">Contact Information</a> </li> <li><a href="/help/" title="Get Help">Get Help</a></li> </ul> <a href="https://www.ibiblio.org/" title="Project Gutenberg is hosted by ibiblio"> <img src="/gutenberg/ibiblio-logo.png" alt="iBiblio"> </a> </div> </div> </body> </html>